Report on the Status of Logger Training and Education (LT&E
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Chapter 296-78 WAC, Sawmills and Woodworking
Chapter 296-78 WAC Introduction Sawmills and Woodworking Operations _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 296-78 WAC Sawmills and Woodworking Operations (Form Number F414-010-000) This book contains rules for Safety Standards for sawmills and woodworking operations, as adopted under the Washington Industrial Safety and Health Act of 1973 (Chapter 49.17 RCW). The rules in this book are effective March 2018. A brief promulgation history, set within brackets at the end of this chapter, gives statutory authority, administrative order of promulgation, and date of adoption of filing. TO RECEIVE E-MAIL UPDATES: Sign up at https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/WADLI/subscriber/new?topic_id=WADLI_19 TO PRINT YOUR OWN PAPER COPY OR TO VIEW THE RULE ONLINE: Go to https://www.lni.wa.gov/safety-health/safety-rules/rules-by-chapter/?chapter=78/ DOSH CONTACT INFORMATION: Physical address: 7273 Linderson Way Tumwater, WA 98501-5414 (Located off I-5 Exit 101 south of Tumwater.) Mailing address: DOSH Standards and Information PO Box 44810 Olympia, WA 98504-4810 Telephone: 1-800-423-7233 For all L&I Contact information, visit https://www.lni.wa.gov/agency/contact/ Also available on the L&I Safety & Health website: DOSH Core Rules Other General Workplace Safety & Health Rules Industry and Task-Specific Rules Proposed Rules and Hearings Newly Adopted Rules and New Rule Information DOSH Directives (DD’s) See http://www.lni.wa.gov/Safety-Health/ Chapter 296-78 WAC Table of Contents Sawmills and Woodworking Operations _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 296-78 WAC SAFETY STANDARDS FOR SAWMILLS AND WOODWORKING OPERATIONS WAC Page WAC 296-78-500 Foreword. -
Lec11 for 373 Bucking Logs-20B [Compatibility Mode]
Improving Value Recovery Through Optimal Bucking Objectives for Today Cover Page •Short paragraph announcing offer of timber sale, location, • Timber Sale Prospectus samples acreage and general volume with species •Day of timber showing •Day of bid opening • Discuss the high stakes world of log •Paragraph detailing bidding deadline and where bids should bucking with presentation from: be sent • Announcement: – No Class on Wednesday – No Lab on ThursdayImproving Value Recovery....Through 2 Optimal Bucking Cover Cover Page Page 3 4 Cover Cover Page Page 5 6 1 Improving Value Recovery Through Optimal Bucking Cover Cover Page Page 7 8 Volume Table Cover •User-friendly table detailing timber sale Page volume by species; should include species DBH class, # of trees, average volume per tree; total by species and grand total •Disclosure statement informing potential buyers that said volumes are only an estimate and that potential are buyers are encouraged to determine individual estimates •Paragraph describing how trees are marked 9 (saw logs, pulpwood, cull) 10 Volume Table Volume Table 11 12 2 Improving Value Recovery Through Optimal Bucking Stipulations • insurance (general liability Stipulations at $500,000) and workman’s compensation requirements; • Amount of performance bond (i.e., $5,000; 10 - 20% of bid amount) held until successful completion of job • Payment schedule (i.e., 100% up front, 15% up front then remainder before starting the job, payment by working block) • restrictions that may influence amount of bid – timeline, stipulations -
Creation of Value Through a Harvester On-Board Bucking Optimization System Operated in a Spruce Stand
Silva Fennica vol. 52 no. 3 article id 9947 Category: research article https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.9947 SILVA FENNICA http://www.silvafennica.fi Licenced CC BY-SA 4.0 ISSN-L 0037-5330 | ISSN 2242-4075 (Online) The Finnish Society of Forest Science Eric R. Labelle and Linus Huß Creation of value through a harvester on-board bucking optimization system operated in a spruce stand Labelle E.R., Huß L. (2018). Creation of value through a harvester on-board bucking optimiza- tion system operated in a spruce stand. Silva Fennica vol. 52 no. 3 article id 9947. 22 p. https:// doi.org/10.14214/sf.9947 Highlights • Use of harvester on-board computer bucking optimization remains highly under-utilized in German forestry. • Revenue per tree and harvesting productivity were both statistically higher with automatic bucking as compared to quality bucking during a thinning operation in a spruce dominated stand. Abstract Tree bucking, defined as the process in which a stem is segmented into shorter logs of varying lengths, has a significant effect on the value adding potential of a forest enterprise. Because of its importance in terms of correct product and length combinations, improper bucking can lead to financial losses. In this study, two treatments (OFF: quality bucking performed by the opera- tor while using hot keys and ON: automatic bucking using the optimized suggestions from the harvester on-board computer; OBC) were tested in a Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) dominated stand located in Germany. Both treatments had the aim to maximize the value of a stem. -
MARCH 2021 Complete Issue
SERVING THE SACANDAGA VALLEY & BEYOND March 2021 REACHING OVER 30,000 READERS VOLUME 40 # 7 th Our 40 Year of Service To The Sacandaga Valley March 14th edinburgnewsletter.com Page 2 WWW.EDINBURGNEWSLETTER.COM March 2021 March 2021 The Edinburg Newsletter ADVERTISING Comes To You RATES 1/8 Page - $30 1/4 Page - $55 FREE 3/8 Page - $80 Courtesy Of 1/2 Page - $100 3/4 Page - $145 Our Advertisers Full Pg. - $180 Our Mailing Address Is Call For Contract Prices EDINBURG NEWSLETTER 819 North Shore Rd. The Newsletter Hadley, NY 12835 Ad & Copy Deadline is the 17th of Every Month Phone & Fax 863-2075 Please Call The Newsletter or or NEW E-Mail Address is: E-mail it to us at: [email protected] [email protected] Thanx! www.edinburgnewsletter.com DODGE HOUSE LAKESIDE GALLERY Robert J. Hoy Constance Dodge Agency, Inc. Original Paintings, Prints, Cards Insurance Home, Auto, Business, Renters, Boats, Snowmobiles, ATV’s, & More “Serving Fulton, Hamilton, & Saratoga Counties for over 50 years” 141 N. Main Street, Northville NY 12134 (518) 863-4224 14 Center Street, 936 South Shore Rd.,Edinburg, NY 12134 Broadalbin NY 12025 www.constanceadodge.com (518)883-3421 518-863-2201 www.hoyagency.com BY APPOINTMENT OR BY CHANCE. CALL FIRST. Page 2 March 2021 March 2021 WWW.EDINBURGNEWSLETTER.COM Page 3 MARCH 2021 COMMUNITY CALENDAR March Thurs 5 Edinburg Zoning Board 7pm Sun We8 all Daylightknow about Savings the Time cancellations begins …yippee! of most meetings and events. Mon 10 Edinburg School Board 6pm Fri Please13 callSacandaga whoever Seniors 2:00is in Ed charge Community ofCenter your Tue organizations17 St. -
DEVELOPMENT of a 3D LOG SAWING OPTIMIZATION SYSTEM for SMALL SAWMILLS in CENTRAL APPALACHIA, US Wenshu Lin{ Jingxin Wang*{ Edwar
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Wood and Fiber Science (E-Journal) DEVELOPMENT OF A 3D LOG SAWING OPTIMIZATION SYSTEM FOR SMALL SAWMILLS IN CENTRAL APPALACHIA, US Wenshu Lin{ Graduate Research Assistant E-mail: [email protected] Jingxin Wang*{ Professor West Virginia University Division of Forestry and Natural Resources Morgantown, WV 26506 E-mail: [email protected] Edward Thomas Research Scientist USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station Princeton, WV 24740 E-mail: [email protected] (Received April 2011) Abstract. A 3D log sawing optimization system was developed to perform log generation, opening face determination, sawing simulation, and lumber grading using 3D modeling techniques. Heuristic and dynamic programming algorithms were used to determine opening face and grade sawing optimization. Positions and shapes of internal log defects were predicted using a model developed by the USDA Forest Service. Lumber grading procedures were based on National Hardwood Lumber Association rules. The system was validated through comparisons with sawmill lumber values. External characteristics of logs, including length, large- end and small-end diameters, diameters at each foot, and defects were collected from five local sawmills in central Appalachia. Results indicated that hardwood sawmills have the potential to increase lumber value through optimal opening face and sawing optimizations. With these optimizations, average lumber value recovery could be increased by 10.01% using the heuristic algorithm or 14.21% using the dynamic program- ming algorithm. Lumber grade was improved significantly by using the optimal algorithms. For example, recovery of select or higher grade lumber increased 16-30%. This optimization system would help small sawmill operators improve their processing performance and improve industry competitiveness. -
Intensive Hardwood Log Bucker Training Using HW Buck Dramatically Improves Value Recovery
Intensive Hardwood Log Bucker Training using HW Buck Dramatically Improves Value Recovery James B. Pickens, School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, [email protected] Aaron Everett, Black Hills Forest Resource Association, Rapid City, SD Scott Noble, Noble Forestry Consulting, Chassell, MI John Baumgras (retired), Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service, Princeton, WV Philip Araman, Southern Forest Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service, Blacksburg, VA Conrad Waniger, forest harvesting contractor, Shawano, WI Al Steele, Wood Education and Resource Center (WERC) of the USDA Forest Service, Princeton, WV ABSTRACT It has long been recognized that inappropriate placement of crosscuts when manufacturing hardwood logs from harvested stems (log bucking) reduces the value of logs produced. Recent studies have estimated losses in the range from 28% to 38% in the lake states region. It has not, however, been clear how to correct the problem. Efforts to improve value recovery have followed two general approaches: using technological methods to actually optimize the bucking of each log or having recognized experts train log buckers to make better bucking decisions. This article describes the state-of-the-art for optimizing the bucking of hardwood logs, and documents a log bucker training approach that resulted in improved value recovery of over 30%. Field buckers underwent an intensive training process to help them make better bucking decisions. This training integrated use of HW Buck, a computerized tool to optimize the choice of bucking cuts for hardwood logs, with other more traditional training approaches. Sample hardwood stems were felled and entered into the HW Buck software to determine the individual bucking options that maximized the value of the resulting logs. -
Northeastern Loggers Handrook
./ NORTHEASTERN LOGGERS HANDROOK U. S. Deportment of Agricnitnre Hondbook No. 6 r L ii- ^ y ,^--i==â crk ■^ --> v-'/C'^ ¿'x'&So, Âfy % zr. j*' i-.nif.*- -^«L- V^ UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK NO. 6 JANUARY 1951 NORTHEASTERN LOGGERS' HANDBOOK by FRED C. SIMMONS, logging specialist NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION FOREST SERVICE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE - - - WASHINGTON, D. C, 1951 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Price 75 cents Preface THOSE who want to be successful in any line of work or business must learn the tricks of the trade one way or another. For most occupations there is a wealth of published information that explains how the job can best be done without taking too many knocks in the hard school of experience. For logging, however, there has been no ade- quate source of information that could be understood and used by the man who actually does the work in the woods. This NORTHEASTERN LOGGERS' HANDBOOK brings to- gether what the young or inexperienced woodsman needs to know about the care and use of logging tools and about the best of the old and new devices and techniques for logging under the conditions existing in the northeastern part of the United States. Emphasis has been given to the matter of workers' safety because the accident rate in logging is much higher than it should be. Sections of the handbook have previously been circulated in a pre- liminary edition. Scores of suggestions have been made to the author by logging operators, equipment manufacturers, and professional forest- ers. -
Student Manual
Book 2 – BCWS Basic Chainsaw Operations STUDENT MANUAL Name: ______________________________________________________________ Contact Information: __________________________________________________ FS1445 HPR 2017/04 BC WILDFIRE SERVICE BASIC CHAINSAW OPERATION STUDENT’S MANUAL Copyright © 2016 Province of British Columbia Ministry of Forests Lands and Natural Resource Operations BC Wildfire Service Chainsaw Training Series BC Wildfire Service Chainsaw Training Standard Disclaimer This manual is the exclusive property of the British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations. It may not be reproduced in whole or in part, without the express written permission of the Deputy Minister. This manual is prepared for the sole use of British Columbia Ministry of Forests personnel only. It may not be used by other agencies or individuals as a development guideline without the express written permission and cooperation of the British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations. BCWS Basic Chainsaw Training Program Table of Contents Instructor Manual and Program Overview 6 Bucking, Accident Awareness and Review 6.1 Injury Scenario 6.2 Personal Safety Program 6.3 Log Book 7 Personal Protective Equipment and Safety Equipment 7.1 Legislative Responsibilities of Employers and Employees 7.2 Personal Protective Equipment 8 Chainsaw Working Tools 8.1 Hand Tools and Equipment 8.2 The Chainsaw Tool 8.3 Chainsaw Safety Features 8.4 Chainsaw Maintenance 8.5 Filing the Chain 8.6 Chainsaw Trouble Shooting 8.7 Transporting the Chainsaw 9 Safe Chainsaw Handling 9.1 Refueling 9.2 Starting the Chainsaw 9.3 Terrain and Ground Debris 9.4 Weather Conditions and Fire Operations 10 Safe Bucking Operations 10.1 Chainsaw Kickbacks 10.2 Limbing 10.3 Bucking 10.4 Bucking Procedures 10.5 Basic Bucking Cuts 10.6 Boring with the Chainsaw 10.7 Windthrow Student Manual and Program Overview Introduction Welcome to the BC Wildfire Service Chainsaw Training Standard. -
AP-42, CH 10.5: Plywood Manufacturing
10.5 Plywood Manufacturing 10.5.1 General Plywood is a building material consisting of veneers (thin wood layers or plies) bonded with an adhesive. There are two types of plywood: softwood plywood and hardwood plywood. Softwoods generally correspond to coniferous species. The most commonly used softwoods for manufacturing plywood are firs and pines. Hardwoods generally correspond to deciduous species. For hardwood plywood, commonly used wood species include oak, poplar, maple, cherry, and larch. Softwood plywood is manufactured by gluing several layers of dry softwood veneers together with an adhesive. Softwood plywood is used for wall siding, sheathing, roof decking, concrete formboards, floors, and containers. Softwood plywood is classified under Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code 2436, and North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) code 321212 for “Softwood Plywood and Veneer”. Hardwood plywood is made of hardwood veneers bonded with an adhesive. The outer layers (face and back) surround a core which is usually lumber, veneer, particleboard, or medium density fiberboard. Hardwood plywood may be pressed into panels or plywood components (e.g., curved hardwood plywood, seat backs, chair arms, etc.). Hardwood plywood is used for interior applications such as furniture, cabinets, architectural millwork, paneling, flooring, store fixtures, and doors. Hardwood plywood is classified under SIC code 2435 and NAICS code 321211, for “Hardwood Plywood and Veneer”. Softwood plywood plants typically produce softwood veneers and softwood plywood on the same plant site. However, most hardwood plywood and veneer plants either produce hardwood plywood or hardwood veneer. Hardwood veneer plants cut and dry hardwood veneers. Hardwood plywood plants typically purchase hardwood veneers and press the veneers onto a purchased core material. -
Evaluation of Low Velocity Impact Response of Composite Plates
Mechanics, Materials Science & Engineering, September 2017 – ISSN 2412-5954 Analyzing the Antecedents and Consequences of Manual Log Bucking in Mechanized Wood Harvesting Kalle Kärhä1, a, Jyri Änäkkälä1, 2, Ollipekka Hakonen1, 2, Teijo Palander2, Juha-Antti Sorsa3, Tapio Räsänen3, Tuomo Moilanen4 1 – Stora Enso Wood Supply Finland, Helsinki, Finland 2 – University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Science and Forestry, Joensuu, Finland 3 – Metsäteho Ltd.,Vantaa, Finland 4 – Ponsse Plc., Vieremä, Finland a – [email protected] DOI 10.2412/mmse.45.20.957 provided by Seo4U.link Keywords: forest engineering, cross-cutting, cut-to-length (CTL) method, softwood, value recovery, Big Data, sawmill- ing industry, Finland. ABSTRACT. The study focused on the frequency of applying a manual tree-stem bucking to logs in coniferous forests of Finland. The aim of the study was to clarify harvesting conditions where manual log bucking is utilized most and the effects of the utilization of manual bucking on the log bucking outcome. In addition to the stm Big Data of harvesters, in order to investigate the consequences of manual log bucking, data from the enterprise resource production (ERP) systems of wood procurement organization and sawmills was collected, as well as harvester operators were interviewed. The study results illustrated that the share of manual bucking of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) logs was, on average, 46% and with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) logs 67%. The operators used manual bucking more frequently in thinning stands with small-sized and defected log stems. When the utilization degree of manual log bucking was high, the utilization of log sections with spruce and pine log stems was lower, logs were shorter and the volume of logs was smaller. -
Chainsaw Safety Tips Glen C
Chainsaw Safety Tips Glen C. Rains, Ph.D., P.E. Safety Extension Specialist The chainsaw is commonly used to fell, de-limb and The chain brake (gasoline only) is designed buck (cut into sections) trees. Each of these three to stop a moving chain in a fraction of a sec- operations requires a different method of using the ond if kickback occurs, reducing the chances chainsaw. This publication gives some tips on the of severe injury. It may also function as the safe use of your chainsaw for these operations. front hand guard. If available, see the opera- tors’ manual for proper adjustments. Shopping for a Chainsaw The throttle trigger interlock prevents the ac- The first and possibly most important step to safely cidental opening of the throttle. The throttle operating a chainsaw is to select a saw that fits your trigger is locked in the idling position when needs and is quiet, balanced and equipped with the the lockout is not engaged by the proper hand following safety features. (See the list below.) It is grip on the handle. important to remember that these safety features do A stop switch should be located so that it can not replace proper training, safe operating practices be activated easily by your right thumb with- and common sense. out losing your grip on the rear handle of the saw. The rear hand guard on the rear handle of the chainsaw is designed to protect the hand from a broken or jumping chain. A chain catcher is designed to catch a bro- ken or jumping chain. -
Pennsylvania Trail Design & Development Principles
Contents Chapter 4: Construction ....................153 Trail Construction Options ...................................154 Constructing a Trail with In-House Labor .....154 Mechanized Equipment ................................167 Constructing a Trail with Volunteers .............154 Excavators ...............................................167 Pennsylvania Child Labor Laws ...............155 Dozers ......................................................167 Pennsylvania Child Protective Loaders ....................................................167 Services Law ............................................155 Haulers .................................................... 168 Constructing a Trail with a All-Terrain Vehicles and Utility Task Contractor .............................................. 156 Vehicles ................................................... 169 Public Bid ................................................ 156 Trail Construction Options ...................................170 Award of Competitive Bid Contract ...... 156 Field Layout ....................................................170 Purchases Below Bidding Limit ............. 156 Scouting ...................................................170 Constructing a Trail with A Combination Flagging ................................................... 171 of Options ......................................................157 Final Design Work ..........................................172 Preparing to Build Trails ................................157 Trail Clearing ............................................172