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THE PHILIPPINES, 1942-1944 James Kelly Morningstar, Doctor of History
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: WAR AND RESISTANCE: THE PHILIPPINES, 1942-1944 James Kelly Morningstar, Doctor of History, 2018 Dissertation directed by: Professor Jon T. Sumida, History Department What happened in the Philippine Islands between the surrender of Allied forces in May 1942 and MacArthur’s return in October 1944? Existing historiography is fragmentary and incomplete. Memoirs suffer from limited points of view and personal biases. No academic study has examined the Filipino resistance with a critical and interdisciplinary approach. No comprehensive narrative has yet captured the fighting by 260,000 guerrillas in 277 units across the archipelago. This dissertation begins with the political, economic, social and cultural history of Philippine guerrilla warfare. The diverse Islands connected only through kinship networks. The Americans reluctantly held the Islands against rising Japanese imperial interests and Filipino desires for independence and social justice. World War II revealed the inadequacy of MacArthur’s plans to defend the Islands. The General tepidly prepared for guerrilla operations while Filipinos spontaneously rose in armed resistance. After his departure, the chaotic mix of guerrilla groups were left on their own to battle the Japanese and each other. While guerrilla leaders vied for local power, several obtained radios to contact MacArthur and his headquarters sent submarine-delivered agents with supplies and radios that tie these groups into a united framework. MacArthur’s promise to return kept the resistance alive and dependent on the United States. The repercussions for social revolution would be fatal but the Filipinos’ shared sacrifice revitalized national consciousness and created a sense of deserved nationhood. The guerrillas played a key role in enabling MacArthur’s return. -
Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020
Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020 Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020 Nic Newman with Richard Fletcher, Anne Schulz, Simge Andı, and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen Supported by Surveyed by © Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism / Digital News Report 2020 4 Contents Foreword by Rasmus Kleis Nielsen 5 3.15 Netherlands 76 Methodology 6 3.16 Norway 77 Authorship and Research Acknowledgements 7 3.17 Poland 78 3.18 Portugal 79 SECTION 1 3.19 Romania 80 Executive Summary and Key Findings by Nic Newman 9 3.20 Slovakia 81 3.21 Spain 82 SECTION 2 3.22 Sweden 83 Further Analysis and International Comparison 33 3.23 Switzerland 84 2.1 How and Why People are Paying for Online News 34 3.24 Turkey 85 2.2 The Resurgence and Importance of Email Newsletters 38 AMERICAS 2.3 How Do People Want the Media to Cover Politics? 42 3.25 United States 88 2.4 Global Turmoil in the Neighbourhood: 3.26 Argentina 89 Problems Mount for Regional and Local News 47 3.27 Brazil 90 2.5 How People Access News about Climate Change 52 3.28 Canada 91 3.29 Chile 92 SECTION 3 3.30 Mexico 93 Country and Market Data 59 ASIA PACIFIC EUROPE 3.31 Australia 96 3.01 United Kingdom 62 3.32 Hong Kong 97 3.02 Austria 63 3.33 Japan 98 3.03 Belgium 64 3.34 Malaysia 99 3.04 Bulgaria 65 3.35 Philippines 100 3.05 Croatia 66 3.36 Singapore 101 3.06 Czech Republic 67 3.37 South Korea 102 3.07 Denmark 68 3.38 Taiwan 103 3.08 Finland 69 AFRICA 3.09 France 70 3.39 Kenya 106 3.10 Germany 71 3.40 South Africa 107 3.11 Greece 72 3.12 Hungary 73 SECTION 4 3.13 Ireland 74 References and Selected Publications 109 3.14 Italy 75 4 / 5 Foreword Professor Rasmus Kleis Nielsen Director, Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (RISJ) The coronavirus crisis is having a profound impact not just on Our main survey this year covered respondents in 40 markets, our health and our communities, but also on the news media. -
Philippine Studies Ateneo De Manila University • Loyola Heights, Quezon City • 1108 Philippines
philippine studies Ateneo de Manila University • Loyola Heights, Quezon City • 1108 Philippines The Philippine Press System: 1811-1989 Doreen G. Fernandez Philippine Studies vol. 37, no. 3 (1989) 317–344 Copyright © Ateneo de Manila University Philippine Studies is published by the Ateneo de Manila University. Contents may not be copied or sent via email or other means to multiple sites and posted to a listserv without the copyright holder’s written permission. Users may download and print articles for individual, noncom- mercial use only. However, unless prior permission has been obtained, you may not download an entire issue of a journal, or download multiple copies of articles. Please contact the publisher for any further use of this work at [email protected]. http://www.philippinestudies.net Fri June 27 13:30:20 2008 Philippine Studies 37 (1989): 317-44 The Philippine Press System: 1811-1989 DOREEN G. FERNANDEZ The Philippine press system evolved through a history of Spanish colonization, revolution, American colonization, the Commonwealth, independence, postwar economy and politics, Martial Law and the Marcos dictatorship, and finally the Aquino government. Predictably, such a checkered history produced a system of tensions and dwel- opments that is not easy to define. An American scholar has said: When one speaks of the Philippine press, he speaks of an institution which began in the seventeenth century but really did not take root until the nineteenth century; which overthrew the shackles of three governments but became enslaved by its own members; which won a high degree of freedom of the press but for years neglected to accept the responsibilities inherent in such freedom. -
Pablo Picasso Perhaps a Closer Examination of What the Renowned
1 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION “Everything you can imagine is real”- Pablo Picasso Perhaps a closer examination of what the renowned painter actually means is that if a human being can imagine something in the scope of the natural laws of reality and physics, then it exists. This rings true for visual art. Whatever a person can conjure in his mind, whether a creature of imagination or an event, the fact that he thought about it means it exists in the realm of reality—not necessarily the realm of physical reality but in the realm of cognitive and mental reality. Pablo Picasso’s quote has been proven by the dominance of visual culture at the present. Today, fascination and enhancement of what people can do and what people can appreciate in the visual realm has seen a significant rise among the people of this generation. With the rise of virtual reality and the Internet in the West, combined with the global popularity of television, videotape and film, this trend seems set to continue (Mirzoeff 1999). In a book titled An Introduction to Visual Culture by Nicholas Mirzoeff, he explained that visual culture, very different from it’s status today, suffered hostility in the West: “a hostility to visual culture in Western thought, originating in the philosophy of Plato. Plato believed that the objects encountered in everyday life, including people, are simply bad copies of the perfect ideal of those objects” (1999, 9). Plato had the idea that what artists do are mere copies of the original, which makes it lose significance because copying what already exists, for Plato, is pointless: 2 In other words, everything we see in the “real” world is already a copy. -
Challenges for the Philippines and Responses from Around Asia
ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Back-to-School: Challenges for the Philippines and responses from around Asia Empty classroom in Malabon, Manila. Photo: ABS-CBN News Public health, business and economies, work, and home environments have been greatly impacted by COVID 19. The pandemic has altered the priorities of all sectors and challenged the leadership and programs of every nation. As schools reopen in the Philippines and the rest of the world, there is now acute Asia Society Philippines Back-to-School | 1 attention to the challenges confronting students and the entire education sector in the New Normal. As schools had to abruptly wind up in the first quarter of 2020, administrators and education officials quickly had to develop and implement alternative ways to continue the school year without sacrificing the health of students, teachers, non-academic staff, and even parents and guardians. The objective is not just to carry on with classes. In these disrupted times, education - like work for adults - provides continuity and a sense of normalcy to students. This article considers the challenges confronting the Philippine education sector and its primary stakeholders - the teachers, the students, and their parents - as classes resume this October. In the course of discussing the baseline considerations for this crucial phase in reopening the entire Philippine society, we also scan the wider Asia for other countries’ plans, actions, innovations, and challenges in the education sector in the midst of COVID. Papers, reports, and interviews with Filipino teachers (in the Philippines and in neighboring countries) provide early reports and insights on the initial solutions, innovations, and experiments being implemented to varying degrees of success and limits. -
Images of Muslims in Broadsheets: a Content Analysis
IMAGES OF MUSLIMS IN BROADSHEETS: A CONTENT ANALYSIS Kristine Grace G. Evaristo1, Jessa C. Hermosa1, and Norberto D. Bana, III2 1Communication Arts, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences 2Institute of Communication, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences ABSTRACT Despite numerous studies on how Muslims are stereotyped by the media, little is known on how evident and how powerful media could be in influencing and shaping the views of the readers. The overall image of Muslims that remains is that they are highly associated with terrorism and this lingers on, thus creating a notion that this race is a threat to other people, creating further prejudices and misconceptions towards most Muslims. In order to prove whether or not there such stereotyping, this study dealt with the issue through a content analysis of news reports in broadsheets for a period of two months. From three national newspapers all news articles related to Muslims were collected and subjected to categorizations according to their thematic descriptions, news worthiness and positivity or negativity according to the portrayal of Muslims. An analysis of the results showed that the theme of news articles affects the stereotyping of the Muslims and that news worthiness affects stereotyping of the Muslims. Results showed the prevailing topics of the articles, Politics and Terrorism. Broadsheets positioned them in sections according to their value as Banner stories, in Front Pages and in Other Inner News. Negative issues were highlighted more than the positive. Therefore, the researchers concluded that it was palpable even in print media that Muslims were stereotyped. Moreover, the researchers found that this stereotyping would continue as long as the line of thinking of media is mainly to catch the reader’s attention. -
FILIPINOS in HISTORY Published By
FILIPINOS in HISTORY Published by: NATIONAL HISTORICAL INSTITUTE T.M. Kalaw St., Ermita, Manila Philippines Research and Publications Division: REGINO P. PAULAR Acting Chief CARMINDA R. AREVALO Publication Officer Cover design by: Teodoro S. Atienza First Printing, 1990 Second Printing, 1996 ISBN NO. 971 — 538 — 003 — 4 (Hardbound) ISBN NO. 971 — 538 — 006 — 9 (Softbound) FILIPINOS in HIS TOR Y Volume II NATIONAL HISTORICAL INSTITUTE 1990 Republic of the Philippines Department of Education, Culture and Sports NATIONAL HISTORICAL INSTITUTE FIDEL V. RAMOS President Republic of the Philippines RICARDO T. GLORIA Secretary of Education, Culture and Sports SERAFIN D. QUIASON Chairman and Executive Director ONOFRE D. CORPUZ MARCELINO A. FORONDA Member Member SAMUEL K. TAN HELEN R. TUBANGUI Member Member GABRIEL S. CASAL Ex-OfficioMember EMELITA V. ALMOSARA Deputy Executive/Director III REGINO P. PAULAR AVELINA M. CASTA/CIEDA Acting Chief, Research and Chief, Historical Publications Division Education Division REYNALDO A. INOVERO NIMFA R. MARAVILLA Chief, Historic Acting Chief, Monuments and Preservation Division Heraldry Division JULIETA M. DIZON RHODORA C. INONCILLO Administrative Officer V Auditor This is the second of the volumes of Filipinos in History, a com- pilation of biographies of noted Filipinos whose lives, works, deeds and contributions to the historical development of our country have left lasting influences and inspirations to the present and future generations of Filipinos. NATIONAL HISTORICAL INSTITUTE 1990 MGA ULIRANG PILIPINO TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Lianera, Mariano 1 Llorente, Julio 4 Lopez Jaena, Graciano 5 Lukban, Justo 9 Lukban, Vicente 12 Luna, Antonio 15 Luna, Juan 19 Mabini, Apolinario 23 Magbanua, Pascual 25 Magbanua, Teresa 27 Magsaysay, Ramon 29 Makabulos, Francisco S 31 Malabanan, Valerio 35 Malvar, Miguel 36 Mapa, Victorino M. -
FRANZ P. VILLARUEL Off Er-In-Charge Administrative Division
Republic of the Philippines Department of Finance INSURANCE COMMISSION 1071 United Nations Avenue Manila CERTIF1ED ISO 9001: 2008 CN: AINI6-0061 REQUEST FOR QUOTATION The Insurance Commission (IC) invites all interested suppliers to participate and submit their sealed quotations for the Subscription and Delivery of Various Local and Foreign Newspapers and Magazines for the Fiscal Year 2018-2019, subject to the conditions stated in the Terms of Reference. NAME OF PROJECT Subscription and Delivery of Various Local and Foreign Newspapers and Magazines for the F.Y. 2018-2019 by the Insurance Commission PURCHASE REQUEST 2018-08-266 REF. NO. LOCATION Insurance Commission Building, 1071 United Nations Avenue, Ermita, Manila APPROVED BUDGET Three Hundred Sixty Thousand Pesos FOR THE CONTRACT Only (Php 360,000.00) inclusive of tax DATE/TIME OF Ap August 2018, 2:00 p.m. OPENING OF SEALED QUOTATION/S An interested party's SEALED QUOTATION with the enclosed REPLY SLIP, including the required documents, must be submitted in person not later than 2:00 P.M., f August 2018 to the Administrative Division - Records Section. Contact Person: Mr. Edmar D.J. Ignacio; IC Administrative Officer I Mr. John Philip C. Cuenta; IC Administrative Assistant I Office Address: Ground Floor, Insurance Commission Building 1071 United Nations Avenue, Ermita, Manila Telephone Nos.: (02) 523-8461 to 70, local 123 E-Mail: [email protected] / [email protected] FRANZ P. VILLARUEL Off er-in-Charge Administrative Division Head Office; P.O. Box 3589 Manila FAX No. 522-14-34 Tel. Nos. 523-84-61 to 70 Website: www.insurance.gov.ph Republic of the Philippines Department of Finance INSURANCE COMMISSION 1071 United Nations Avenue CERTW1ED Manila ISO 9001: 2008 CS: .k.l.k16-0061 TERMS AND CONDITIONS ON THE SUBSCRIPTION OF NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES FOR F.Y. -
THE SOCIAL MEDIA (R)EVOLUTION? Asian Perspectives on New Media
THE SOCIAL MEDIA (R)EVOLUTION? Asian Perspectives On New Media CONTRIBUTIONS BY: APOSTOL, AVASADANOND, BHADURI, NAZAKAT, PUNG, SOM, TAM, TORRES, UTAMA, VILLANUEVA, YAP EDITED BY: SIMON WINKELMANN Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung Singapore Media Programme Asia The Social Media (R)evolution? Asian Perspectives On New Media Edited by Simon Winkelmann Copyright © 2012 by the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, Singapore Publisher Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung 34 Bukit Pasoh Road Singapore 089848 Tel: +65 6603 6181 Fax: +65 6603 6180 Email: [email protected] www.kas.de/medien-asien/en/ All rights reserved Requests for review copies and other enquiries concerning this publication are to be sent to the publisher. The responsibility for facts, opinions and cross references to external sources in this publication rests exclusively with the contributors and their interpretations do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung. Layout and Design Hotfusion 7 Kallang Place #04-02 Singapore 339153 www.hotfusion.com.sg CONTENTS Foreword 5 Ratana Som Evolution Or Revolution - 11 Social Media In Cambodian Newsrooms Edi Utama The Other Side Of Social Media: Indonesia’s Experience 23 Anisha Bhaduri Paper Chase – Information Technology Powerhouse 35 Still Prefers Newsprint Sherrie Ann Torres “Philippine’s Television Network War Going Online – 47 Is The Filipino Audience Ready To Do The Click?” Engelbert Apostol Maximising Social Media 65 Bruce Avasadanond Making Money From Social Media: Cases From Thailand 87 KY Pung Social Media: Engaging Audiences – A Malaysian Perspective 99 Susan Tam Social Media - A Cash Cow Or Communication Tool? 113 Malaysian Impressions Syed Nazakat Social Media And Investigative Journalism 127 Karen Yap China’s Social Media Revolution: Control 2.0 139 Michael Josh Villanueva Issues In Social Media 151 Social Media In TV News: The Philippine Landscape 163 Social Media For Social Change 175 About the Authors 183 Foreword ithin the last few years, social media has radically changed the media Wsphere as we know it. -
A Study of the Philippine Press System
This document is downloaded from DR‑NTU (https://dr.ntu.edu.sg) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Freedom lost, freedom won : a study of the Philippine press system Fernandez, Doreen G. 1988 Fernandez, D. G. (1988). Freedom lost, freedom won : a study of the Philippine press system. In Consultation on Press Systems in Asean : Jarkarta, 23‑26 August, 1988. Singapore: Asian Mass Communication Research and Information Centre. https://hdl.handle.net/10356/86135 Downloaded on 07 Oct 2021 15:34:22 SGT ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library Freedom Lost, Freedom Won : A Study Of The Philippine Press System By Doreen G Fernandez Paper No.9 ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library :,y -^ /^ 10 FREEDOM LOST, FREEDOM HON: A STUDY OF THE PHILIPPINE PRESS SYSTEM Doreen G. Fernandez Ateneo de Manila University Philippines © A paper written for the Consultation on "Press Systems in ASEAN" Jakarta, Indonesia, August 23 - 26, 1988 ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library Acknowledgement: This paper was greatly enriched by advice and information from Eugenia Duran Apostol, publisher of The Philippine Daily Inquirer; Mlla Alora, Assistant Press Secretary; Alice Colet Vllladolid of the Philippine Press Institute; and Elfren Cruz, Metro Manila Governor. ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library The Philippine press system evolved through a history of Spanish colonization, revolution, American colonization, the Commonwealth, indepen dence, post-war economy and politics, Martial Law and the Marcos dictator ship, and finally the Aquino government. -
Aiddata, College of William & Mary)
AAI ReseaDrch LabD at WAilliamT & AMary Intentionally left blank Acknowledgments This report was prepared by Samantha Custer, Brooke Russell, Matthew DiLorenzo, Mengfan Cheng, Siddhartha Ghose, Harsh Desai, Jacob Sims, and Jennifer Turner (AidData, College of William & Mary). The findings and conclusions of this report are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funders, partners, and advisors we thank below. The broader study was conducted in collaboration with Brad Parks (AidData, College of William & Mary), Debra Eisenman, Lindsey Ford, and Trisha Ray (Asia Society Policy Institute), and Bonnie Glaser (Center for Strategic and International Studies) who provided invaluable guidance throughout the entire process of research design, data collection, analysis, and report drafting. John Custer and Borah Kim (AidData, College of William & Mary) were integral to the editing, formatting, layout and visuals for this report. The authors thank the following external scholars and experts for their insightful feedback on the research design and early versions of our taxonomy of public diplomacy, including: Nicholas Cull (University of Southern California), Andreas Fuchs (Helmut Schmidt University Hamburg and the Kiel Institute for World Economy), John L. Holden (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace), John Holden (Demos), Markos Kounalakis (Washington Monthly), Shawn Powers (United States Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy), Ambassador William Rugh (Tufts University), Austin Strange (Harvard University), and Jian (Jay) Wang, (University of Southern California). We owe a debt of gratitude to the 76 government officials, civil society and private sector leaders, academics, journalists, and foreign diplomats who graciously participated in key informant interviews and answered our questions on the state of Chinese public diplomacy in the Philippines, Malaysia, and Fiji. -
The Philippine Press After Marcos: Restored Freedoms and New Problems
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 311 426 CS 211 909 AUTHOR Guimary, Donald L. TITLE The Philippine Press after Marcos: Restored Freedoms and New Problems. PUB DATE Aug 89 NOTE 14p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (72nd, Washington, DC,August 10-13, 1989). PUB TYPE Reports - Evaluative/Feasibility (142) -- Speeches /Conference Papers (150) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Developing Nations; Ethics; Foreign Countries; Freedom of Speech; Government Role; Journalism; *Mass Media Role; Media Research; *News Media IDENTIFIERS Medik Ethics; Media Government Relationship; Newspaper Circulation; *Philippines ABSTRACT With the overthrow of Ferdinand Marcos from his 20-year rule of the Philippines, the news media regained its freedon and its voice, and now faces a new set of problems: low circulation, questionable ethical standards of reporters and their lack of experience, and ominous indications from the Corazon Aquino government that the administration might take actions against the media. If Filipino journalists do not learn from history, and the perception of the press as r?creationalistic and rumor based does not change, President Aquino may adopt legislation forcing the news media to be more responsive to the needs of a developing nation. (Twenty-eight notes are included.) (SR) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *************************************** **** ***** *********************** THE PHILIPPINE PRESS AFTER MARCOS: RESTORED FREEDOMS AND NEW' PROBLEMS By Donald L. Gtimary* Associate Professor of Journalism and Mass Communications San Jose State University San Jose, CA. Submitted for presentation to the International Communications Division of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Convention, Aug.