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Kellicotia Bostoniensis (Rousselet, 1908) (Rotifera: Brachionidae) in Waterbodies of European Russia S

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Kellicotia Bostoniensis (Rousselet, 1908) (Rotifera: Brachionidae) in Waterbodies of European Russia S ISSN 19950829, Inland Water Biology, 2011, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 39–46. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2011. Original Russian Text © S.M. Zhdanova, A.E. Dobrynin, 2011, published in Biologiya Vnutrennikh Vod, No. 1, 2011, pp. 45–52. ZOOPLANKTON, ZOOBENTHOS, AND ZOOPERIPHYTON Kellicotia bostoniensis (Rousselet, 1908) (Rotifera: Brachionidae) in Waterbodies of European Russia S. M. Zhdanova and A. E. Dobrynin Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Nekouzskii raion, Yaroslavl oblast, 152742 Russia email: [email protected] Received April 14, 2009 Abstract—The rotifer Kellicottia bostoniensis (Rousselet, 1908), which is common in North American water bodies, has been recorded in 13 different lakes of the European part of Russia. A morphometric analysis has been made of populations from 7 lakes. The assumption has been made that the size of the spines of K. bos toniensis in small waterbodies depends on the presence of predators. Depthrelated changes in density and viscosity in deep lakes with temperature stratification can also influence this feature. Keywords: Kellicottia bostoniensis, new locations, morphological variability, spatial distribution, waterbodies of European Russia. DOI: 10.1134/S1995082911010147 INTRODUCTION of the shell ranges from 400 to 1000 μm [28]. K. bos toniensis is known in the mineralized waterbodies of The genus Kellicottia Ahlstrom, 1938 (family Bra the Holarctic region [5]. The species has four unequal chionidae) includes two species, K. longispina (Kelli anterior spines (Fig. 1), and the length of the shell, cott, 1879) and K. bostoniensis (Rousselet, 1908) including the length of the spines, is ≤380 μm [28]. [5, 28]. K. longispina is a widespread inhabitant of It has been suggested [38] that K. bostoniensis is a waterbodies in northern latitudes. It is a pelagic limno nearctic species introduced into the paleoarctic philic euryhaline species [5]. The anterior dorsal edge region. This rotifer was first described in 1908 by of the lorica has six unpaired unequal spines. The cen Rousselet [35] in an artificial lake in Boston (United tral right spine is the longest and the left spine is much States). This species is common for the Great Lakes shorter. Lateral spines are rather long. The total length (Huron and Ontario) and bays, river mouths, and bogs Fig. 1. Kellicottia bostoniensis from Lake Kshchara. 39 40 ZHDANOVA, DOBRYNIN of United States and Canada [15, 23]. It has also been surface. In lakes of the Valdai Hills (in Novgorod found in an oligotrophic acid lake in Canada [16]. It oblast), samples were collected with a Jedy net (with a occurs as a dominant species in some waterbodies of diameter at the mouth of 18 cm and a mesh size of Mexico [33]. Recent findings have been recorded in 64 μm from) from July 23–July 25, 2007. In Lake Brazil [29] and Argentina [17]. In Europe, K. bos Trestino (Tver oblast), the zooplankton was collected toniensis was first found in 1943 in a lake in Sweden in with a Jedy net (mouth opening of 12 cm and mesh the area of wastewater discharge from a pulp and paper size of 85 μm) from the bottom to the surface on mill [11]. Later, it was recorded in >11 lakes and rivers August 2, 2008. In Lake Kshchara (Vladimir oblast), of Sweden [11] and is considered a common species in the samples were collected with a Ruttner sampler 2 l the waterbodies of southern Sweden [26]. K. bos in volume at watercolumn depths of 0, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10 toniensis was found in the Netherlands in 1960 in a and 12 m (three replicates from each layer) on Sep small mesotrophic pond with acid dark water [30]. tember 24, 2004. Then the samples were filtered This species has been documented in the Elbe and through a sieve with a mesh size of 64 μm. A total of Ems rivers in Germany [36, 37]. In Finland, it was first 29 samples were collected and processed. recorded in 1987 in Lake Tarjannevesi in areas weakly The morphological variability of K. bostoniensis was polluted by wastewaters [19, 23] and it entered the analyzed using 100 individuals from each sample. The dominating complex of zooplankton in small acid total length of the shell (ltotal), the length of the shell waterbodies [24, 27]. In France it was found in the (lshell) without spines, the length of the longest anterior humic acid lake Devesse [12]. In the territory of Rus (las), and the posterior (lps) spines were determined. The sia, it has been recorded only in two lakes in Leningrad measurements were conducted under a MBI3 light oblast [2]. In Asia, this rotifer has been found in some microscope equipped with an ocularmicrometer. The waterbodies of Japan [40]. stomach content of rotifers of the genus Asplanchna was The North America species K. bostoniensis has fixed in formalin and examined with a MBI3 light spread far from where it was first found. The distribu microscope. For an analysis of the morphological vari tion of K. bostoniensis is an example of biological inva ability of Kellicottia bostoniensis from Lake Kshchara, sion in fresh waters [18, 34]. This species was intro photographs of rotifers were taken under a Jenaval duced from North America to South America via the microscope (Karl Zeiss, Jena) with a Canon Power ballast waters of large ships and the transfer of the rest Shot A 72OIS digital camera. The scale was calibrated ing eggs of rotifers by migratory birds [31]. Its further by photographing a micrometer object at the same mag introduction into the waterbodies of Argentina and nification. The rotifers on the photographs were mea Brazil may occur through river systems [17]. The sured using Adobe Photoshop CS2. The data were pro appearance of K. bostoniensis in Europe, in particular, cessed using STATISTICA 6.0. A morphometrical in Sweden, is also caused by their transfer with ballast analysis was made of rotifers from the floodplain water waters and spreading in river basins and drainage bodies Lopata, Alekseevskoye, Nefedovo and Beloye channels [11]. and lakes Maloye Yaichko, Trestino, and Kshchara (at The total size of the K. bostoniensis shell varies in depths of 7, 8, 10, 12 m). The morphometrical param different waterbodies. In tropical regions individuals eters of K. bostoniensis from floodplain waterbodies of this species are smaller than in North American and Glushitsy, Aleshina Luka, and Sovkhozny vodopoi and European waterbodies [14]. lakes Bolshoye Yaichko, Glukhoye, Bragino, and Ksh The aim of this work is to describe new locations of chara (at depths of 0, 2, 4, 6 m) were not determined K. bostoniensis in the territory of European Russia and because of the low abundance of rotifers. study its morphological variability depending on envi ronmental conditions. RESULTS Kellicottia bostoniensis was documented by the MATERIALS AND METHODS authors in nine waterbodies of the central region (Rya The samples were collected in the course of hydro zan, Vladimir, and Tver oblasts) and in four lakes of the biological studies conducted in small lakes of the Val northwestern region of Russia (Novgorod oblast). dai Hills, in floodplain and in outoffloodplain New locations of the species: Ryazan oblast (flood waterbodies in the Oka Reserve (Ryazan Oblast), in plain waterbodies in the basins of the Pra and Oka riv karst lakes in Vladimir oblast, and in lakes of the Cen ers in the territory of the Oka Reserve: Lopata, Alek tral Forest Reserve (Tver Oblast). seevskoye, Glushitsy, Nefedovo, Beloye, Aleshina In the waterbodies of the Oka Reserve, zooplank Luka, and Sovkhozny vodopoi), Vladimir oblast (Lake ton samples were collected on July 7–12, 2007. At Kshchara), Tver oblast (Lake Trestino), and Novgorod depths of ≤1 m, 50 l of water collected with a bucket oblast (lakes Maloye Yaichko, Bolshoye Yaichko, from the surface layer was filtered through a plank Glukhoye, and Bragino). tonic net (mesh size of 85 μm). At depths of >1 m, a The waterbodies differ in origin and hydrochemical Jedy net (with a diameter at the mouth of 12 cm and a and hydrological characteristics. The floodplain mesh size of 85 μm) was set from the bottom to the waterbodies in the Oka Reserve are eutrophic, shallow INLAND WATER BIOLOGY Vol. 4 No. 1 2011 Kellicotia bostoniensis (Rousselet, 1908) (Rotifera: Brachionidae) 41 Table 1. Characteristics of studied waterbodies Coordinates of sampling site Waterbody Area, km2 Depth, m Transparency, m pH Color, grad NE Lopata 54°45′10.6′′ 40°59′54.5′′ 1.20 5 0.4 7.2 440 Alekseevskoye 54°44′14.3′′ 40°59′37.6′′ 0.03 1 0.4 6.7 440 Nefedovo 54°43′41.2′′ 40°58′01.6′′ 0.03 1 0.4 6.9 70 Beloye 54°42′48.2′′ 40°42′24.1′′ 0.01 1 0.3 6.9 380 Maloye Yaichko 57°36′52.9′′ 33°10′59.1′′ 0.30 4.2 0.75 5.6 170 Kshchara 56°24′52.9′′ 42°17′42.8′′ 1.14 12 2.4 7.6 35 Trestino 56°59′49′′ 32°30′46′′ 0.65 1 2 4.5 55 (1–4.2 m), neutral, mesohumic, and polyhumic (dark ferences (р = 0.05) in the size of individuals from the water) (Table 1). Karst lakes in the Valdai Hills studied waterbodies. The largest individuals were (Novgorod and Tver oblasts) are shallow, acid, poly found in lakes Maloye Yaichko and Trestino, and the and mesohumic, surrounded by bogs, and have no smallest ones were found in the floodplain waterbody runoff. Lake Kshchara is karst, deeper (a maximal Alekseevskoye (Table 3). depth of 12 m), stratified, mesotrophic [3], and oligo humic (light color of water) with neutral pH values of In Lake Kshchara, the size of rotifers varied water.
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