Frijoles Canyon Up-canyon view of the great defile carved by The Little River of the Beans in its spectacular depar- ture from the high Pajarito Plateau. Like the cliff men before us, we stare in awe at this mighty gash slashed by a small stream through deep beds of vol- canic ash. Seen from near Talus House, Cone House, and caves of the north cliff wall, Bandelier Na- tional Monument.

PUEBLO PANORAMAS VIII BANDELIER By JOHN L. BLACKFORD

Cone House Curious talus-slope villages and artifi- cial caves, the latter gouged from soft volcanic tuff of the sheer north wall, added to the wide variety of primitive architec- ture and fascinating modes of cliff-dweller living at Frijoles Canyon in northern New Mexico. Here Cone House shows the adaptability of early Indian builders to their new home. A great drouth at the end of the 13th century drove them from vastly more pretentious sites at Pueblo Bonito and the cliff cities on Mesa Verde.

DESERT MAGAZINE DESERT CALERDflR Nov. 1—Heard Museum of Anthro- pology opens season, Phoenix, Ariz. Nov. 2—All Souls' Day Memorial Services in Spanish Villages, N. M. Nov. 2-3—Billy Moore Days, Avon- dale, Arizona. Nov. 3-4—Annual Fall Road Races, Palm Springs, California. Nov. 3-4—Copper Giant Rodeo, Ajo, Arizona. Nov. 3-12—Arizona State Fair, Phoe- nix. Nov. 4—Western Saddle Club Gym- Volume 19 khana, Phoenix, Arizona. NOVEMBER, 1956 Number 11 Nov. 8—Rose Festival, Mesa, Ariz. Nov. 8-9—Northwestern New Mexico COVER Around a Campfire in Southeastern Utah's Needles Hereford Breeders' Annual Show Country, by JOSEF MUENCH and Sale, Raton. PREHISTORY Bandelier, by JOHN L. BLACKFORD 2 Nov. 9—Good Neighbor Day, Bisbee Arizona. CALENDAR November events on the desert 3 Nov. 9-11—14th Annual Desert Weed POETRY Intrusion and other poems 4 Show, Twentynine Palms, Calif. EXPLORATION Jeep Trail Into Utah's Rugged Needles Country Nov. 9-12 — Eighth Annual Death Valley, California, Encampment. By W. G. CARROLL 5 (See page 20.) CLOSE-UPS About those who write for Desert 10 Nov. 10-11—Rodeo, Parker, Ariz. DESERT QUIZ Nov. 10-12—Jeep Cavalcaders trip to A test of your desert knowledge 10 Mojave Desert, from Hemet, Calif. EXPERIENCE Dreamers of the Mojave Nov. 11—Second Annual Air Fair, By KENNETH M. STEWART 11 Winslow, Arizona. FIELD TRIP Gem Stones of Palo Verde Pass Nov. 12—St. James' Day Fiesta and Harvest Corn Dance, Tesuque Pue- By HAROLD O. WEIGHT 13 blo, New Mexico. PHOTOGRAPHY Pictures of the Month 17 HEALTH Nov. 12—Annual Fiesta and Harvest "Little Yellowstone" on the Salton Shores Corn Dance, Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico. By MIRIAM R. ANDERSON 18 RECREATION Nov. 13-15—National Forest Recrea- Death Valley Encampment 20 tion Association Convention, Tuc- ART son, Arizona. Olive Rush, Pioneer Artist of Santa Fe Nov. 14-17—Annual Western Week, LANDMARK By W. THETFORD LeVINESS 21 Palm Springs, California. Daddy of the Joshuas, by BETH BRAKEMEYER . 23 Nov. 15—Annual Desert Outings by PICTORIAL Lizards of the Desert, by GEORGE M. BRADT . 24 Visitors Club Begin, from Phoenix, GARDENING Arizona, Adult Center. Pest Control in the Desert Garden Nov. 16-21 — Annual Golden Spike National Livestock Show, Ogden, FICTION By RUTH REYNOLDS 26 Utah. NATURE Hard Rock Shorty of Death Valley 27 Nov. 17—2nd Annual Indian Harvest Elephant Trees of Vizcaino Feast, Pueblo Grande, Arizona. Visitors will be served typical meals LETTERS By EDMUND C. JAEGER 28 by Mohaves, Papagos, Pimas, CONTEST Comment from Desert's Readers 30 Apaches, Hopis, Navajos and Hu- Picture-of-the-Month Contest announcement . . 31 alpais. NEWS Nov. 17—Washington Garden Club MINING From here and there on the desert 32 Flower Show, Phoenix, Arizona. URANIUM Current news of desert mines 37 Nov. 17-18—Elks Rodeo, Victorville, HOBBY Latest developments in the Industry .... 38 California. Gems and Minerals 40 Nov. 18—Founders Day Picnic, Palm LAPIDARY Springs, California. COMMENT Amateur Gem Cutter, by DR. H. C. DAKE ... 45 Nov. 22—Desert Sun Ranchers Ro- Just Between You and Me, by the Editor ... 46 deo, Wickenburg, Arizona. BOOKS Nov. 24-25—Old Tucson Daze, Tuc- Reviews of Southwestern Literature 47 son, Arizona. The Desert Magazine is published monthly by the Desert Press, Inc., Palm Desert, Nov. 24-25—Junior Parade and Ro- California. Re-entered as second class matter July 17, 1948, at the postoffice at Palm Desert, California, under the Act of March 3, 1879. Title registered No. 358865 in U. S. Patent Office, deo, Florence, Arizona. and contents copyrighted 1956 by the Desert Press, Inc. Permission to reproduce contents Nov. 24-25—Annual Rodeo, Needles, must be secured from the editor in writing. California. Nov. 28-30—Nevada State Farm Bu- EANDALL HENDERSON, Editor EUGENE L. CONROTTO, Associate Editor reau Convention, Ely. BESS STACY, Business Manager EVONNE RIDDELL, Circulation Manager Nov. 30—Square Dance Festival Pre- Unsolicited manuscripts and photographs submitted cannot be returned or acknowledged Vue, Phoenix, Arizona. unless full return postage is enclosed. Desert Magazine assumes no responsibility for Nov. 30-Dec. 1 — Arizona Cattle damage or loss of manuscripts or photographs although due care will be exercised. Sub- Growers Convention, Tucson. scribers should send notice of change of address by the first of the month preceding Issue. After First Frost — Navajo Fire SUBSCRIPTION KATES Dances, Navajo Reservation. One Year $4.00 Two Years $7.00 Late November or Early December Canadian Subscriptions 25c Extra, Foreign 50c Extra — Shalako Dances, Zuni Pueblo, Subscriptions to Army Personnel Outside U. S. A. Must Be Mailed in Conformity With New Mexico. P. O. D. Order No. 19687 Address Correspondence to Desert Magazine, Palm Desert, California

NOVEMBER, 1956 V

By GRACE BARKER WILSON Kirtland, New Mexico We climbed the ladders up the ruined walls Of cliff dwellings. Light laughter filled the halls Of ancient times as tourists crowded in. I thought, somewhere above that curious din, I heard a murmur, and dim footsteps passed Along sand-covered floors. Across the vast Expanse of time between the then and now We were intruders in their home, somehow. And I was glad when all had left the place, And peace returned to ghosts of a dead race. • • • NIGHT IN THE DESERT By RUTH A. INOLESBY Torrey, Utah Stars hang low in their heavenly splendor, Lighting a world breath-takingly still, Till the wily coyote pauses to render A mournful cry from a distant hill. Silence enfolds me in lonely rapture Broken only by whispering sand, With poignant longing I strive to capture The heart of this vast and beautiful land. The breeze that tosses all sham asunder, Drifting down from the canyon shelf, Thrills and fills my soul with wonder— I am at peace with God and self. • • • LOST TRAILS By GRACE BARKER WILSON Kirtland, New Mexico Lost trails across the desert still are full Of strange adventures. When you feel the pull Of centuries, walk where the tracks are dim And find old ruins on a canyon rim. And here someone has dug deep by a mound For fabled Spanish treasure still unfound. The trail may end abrupt as it began Beside a modern Navajo hogan. And should you wander far at close of day, In purple shadows you may lose the way Down an arroyo rain gods have forgot, Where time's recurring seasons matter not. • • • TIMELESS COLORAMA By MILDRED BREEDLOVE ruins in Navajo National Monument. Photo by Josef Muench. Las Vegas, Nevada So long as desert hills shall stand Unchanged as centuries advance, FULFILLMENT FAR PERSPECTIVE And summer's burning desert sand By CONSTANCE WALKER By MAUDE RUBIN Lies bare in limitless expanse— Los Angeles, California Santa Ana, California So long as cloudless desert sky Keeps watch upon the naked peaks, O search for Truth and Beauty in the world I find my freedom where the clouds blow A thousand shades that please the eye, And soon the wings of spirit are unfurled; wild, Convince the heart that color speaks Then desert space and distant stars unbind Where wind plays on the desert's sounding With grandeur and with magnitude New shining treasure for a gleaning mind. sand— Beyond the scope of brush or tongue, Where springtime is the winter's darling In much the same sweet solitude child The Maker knew when Earth was And gold pours forth at noon-day's high young. command. • • • By TANYA SOUTH DAYLIGHT ON THE DESERT Sweet, remember life is just, Freedom to wonder, freedom to think and By MILDRED BREEDLOVE Whatever agony or thrust grow, Las Vegas, Nevada Fate may impose. I view the Light Freedom to look as high as endless sky. The desert is a paint pot, As one great gleam along the right I listen, let the stars tell what they know— Boasting every shade and hue. And true course only. Nothing less Let far perspective train my slothful eye. Pink and gold and apricot Can ease our living, make distress Alternate with lavender, One whit the slighter. Still as we As the sun, a master blender, Plod onward in Eternity, I find new prayers where mountains stand Mixes yellow, red and blue. Through sun and storm, by feast or serene, And the change, though soft and distant, crust, Then send them high like shining eagle- Is as subtle and as constant, Let us remember Life is just! word. I find new faith in tranquil desert scene As the movement of the ocean As I stand before the Candles of the Lord! In slow motion. DESERT MAGAZINE Needles area looking northeast over Indian Creek Valley. Department of Interior air photo by George Grant.

this resemblance, nor will I be the last. Nearly a hundred years ago, on Au- gust 23, 1859, Geologist J. S. New- Jeep Trail Into berry of the MacComb expedition gazed upon the Needles from the mouth of Indian Creek. He described what he saw in these words: ". . . some Utah's Rugged idea of their appearance may be gained by imagining the island of New York thickly set with spires like that of Trin- ity Church, but many of them full twice in height. In every direction the in- Needles Country numerable canyons run ramified deep, dark and rugged, impassable to every- thing but the winged bird." Cataclysmic in form, awesome in scope, silent in nature, south- Today, man has joined the "winged eastern Utah's Needles area remains an uncharted, unexplored region bird" in flights over the Needles, but reflecting the very fury of the earth's beginnings. Here is a story of one he has made little penetration of the of the ever-growing number of jeep excursions into the fringes of this area on the ground since Dr. New- fantastic land. berry's visit. Latest geological and to- pographical maps show the northern By W. G. CARROLL tip of the Needles country as a series Map by Norton Allen of fault lines paralleling the Colorado River, but southward, deeper into the IEFORE US spread a maze of scent of the supper fire, it would have labyrinth of eroded and faulted red, towers and spires, great block been easy to imagine that what I was buff and white walls and shafts, hun- houses and stone skyscrapers looking at was Manhattan Island's sky- dreds of square miles are curtly sharply outlined by the setting sun. line instead of the silent, fantastic marked: "Not Mapped." Were it not for the stunted pinyon and Needles country of eastern Utah. In my party were Bates Wilson, juniper in the foreground and the sweet I was not the first to conjecture up superintendent of Arches National NOVEMBER, 1956 Monument; Jerry Herdina of Chicago, downhill to the Needles country. In The solid chunk of Bates' big axe an amateur geologist and paleontolo- the time it takes to shift gears we awakened me at daybreak. With his gist; and my wife, Helen. We had traveled 200,000,000 years back in dutch ovens and cow country cookery, driven south from Moab on U.S. High- geological time. Here we entered a Bates was a most excellent chef. By way 160 in two jeeps packed with rolling sage and tumbleweed-covered the time the rest of us had gathered camping gear, reserve supplies and ex- desert, punctuated with strange, abrupt around the campfire, a frying pan of tra gasoline. After 43 miles of good landmarks like the twin North and bacon and one of scrambled eggs were highway, we traveled 20 miles of twist- South Six Shooter Peaks towards which sizzling over the coals, and the big ing trail varying from primitive paths we drove. black coffee pot was perfuming the to good graded road, which brought After crossing Indian Creek the morning air. us to Dugout Ranch. This ranch, at road turns northwest across miles of We started for the Needles under a the junction of Cottonwood and Indian broken, eroded country to the base of half-threatening sky while the sun was creeks, is headquarters for the Indian the mesa out of which the South peak still low in what I would have sworn Creek Cattle Company and jumping- rises as a bright red, tower-capped was the south. We traversed a number off-place for the Needles. cone. We climbed the steep talus slope of deep, narrow canyons and reached s It was autumn and Indian Creek to the mesa top and the peak towered the base of Elephant Hill. The Needles valley was a colorful, isolated paradise. directly above us. Across a mile-wide area is deeply carved in the massive The valley floor was a patchwork of canyon its identical twin rose like a cross-bedded gray to red sandstone of green alfalfa fields and thick yellow reflected image in the clear blue mir- the Cutler formation. Elephant Hill is graze. Sheer red walls of Kayenta in- ror of sky. a high narrow ridge with steep broken termittently capped with white Navajo On the narrow northwestern arm of faces of this red sandstone, separating sandstone and fingers of rock were two equally narrow canyons. Gnarled close to our right. Similar walls on the mesa we stopped the jeeps and got out to stretch our legs and admire juniper and pinyon cling sparsely to its the left were cut through by Titus and sides but grow in thick clumps in the Cottonwood canyons which were top- the panorama within the distant en- closing walls in which towers and iso- canyon bottoms. This is the first real ped with magnificent buttes resembling barrier to the Needles and crossing it parapets of old world castles. Crown- lated buttes looked like floating islands in a great bowl of red-brown water. on horseback or by jeep is an adven- yjg this beauty were the irregularly ture. spaced clumps of green and golden Heavy rains two weeks previously cottonwoods marching up the deep gave the land around us a fresh, clean The twisting trail out of Elephant Canyons as far as the eye could see. look and the potholes in the stone Canyon led into the Devil's Lane.This ' This is the gateway to a million benches were filled with cold, clear flat, high-walled corridor stretched acres of rugged grazing land, and the water. From these waterholes the away before us to a distant group of gate itself bore a characteristic notice: area's wildlife would find sustenance. spires towering over the Devil's Pocket. '''Please open the gate before you go The sun was swinging toward the Devil's Lane was the first of a number through, and be damn sure you close Needles to the west, and we hurried of paralleling channels which we en- it after you." along to Squaw Springs where we made tered, some of them many miles long our base camp. It was here, at sunset, without a break in their walls. The We followed these instructions and that Manhattan's imagery caught my lane, almost barren of growth, was drove onto a faint trail which heads fancy. remarkably free of rubble considering

-4 THE NEEDLES fiREOf-

DESERT MAGAZINE the carelessly piled broken blocks on its walls and rim. Even the juniper huddled against the walls and grew out of the ledges leaving the canyon floor to the struggling patches of grass and occasional dwarf sunflowers. In this as in other Needles canyons we encountered a peculiar faulting which left unexpected cracks and bottomless pits yawning for the unwary. In the Devil's Pocket we climbed a wall for an overall picture of this se- cluded park. The group of white- tipped, pink and tan spires which rose hundreds of feet over the opposite wall are landmarks visible from much of the surrounding Needles country. We scrambled higher up the right wall to look into an adjacent canyon. It too was a deep, ragged-walled multi-col- ored bowl. We would have needed ropes and time to enter it—and months and years to climb each succeeding wall in the hundreds of square miles to the south, where higher towers and deeper canyons, arches and bridges never seen by man lie hidden. Our trail to the junction of the Colo- rado and Green rivers lay across the most broken land under the sun, and how Bates followed it across the track- less slickrock and narrow canyons still is a mystery to the rest of us. It was shortly after noon when we arrived at the overlook. Twelve hundred feet below, the placid and muddy Green River joined the equally placid and slightly darker Colorado to start their wild ride down Cataract Canyon. The only green in this barren world of red and pink canyon walls and chocolate bluffs was the lush growth on the two deltas far below. A few miles down the gorge, the fins and pinnacles of the Land of Standing Rocks ended abruptly at the opposite brink. On our return we explored Cyclone Canyon, named by the cowboys who, while searching for stray cattle, had experienced the frequent winds which howl between the high walls. We drove down its miles of length, intrigued by the tri-corner hatted heads on the rim, the massive free-standing pillars, and the dipping and rising strata on oppo- site walls. In this corridor the floor was almost bare of growth and even the hardy juniper was scarce.

Top—Helen Carroll drinks from a ••:•:.-••-.:.; .-ft,. •••.,,..' • . . •• . •--. • ' . ' • • . ... . " • ,... pothole. In the background is South Six Shooter Peak. Center — In the Devil's Lane with some of the Needles spires in the background. Bottom — Junction of the Green River, from upper left, and Colo- rado, from right, which continues downstream at lower left to Cataract Canyon.

NOVEMBER, 1956 In the late afternoon light the trail back to Squaw Springs was an orange and mauve Kodachrome of sunset- tipped spires, sandstone mushrooms and muffins, and weird figures, natural and unnatural, imitated in stone. Next day we explored the colorfully- banded pastel walls and pinnacles of Chesler Park, named for the rancher who brought cattle into this remote place in 1885. This is one of the most beautiful spots I have encountered in the Four-Comers country, and one of the most inaccessible. Its four square miles of grassy floor is naturally fenced on three sides by the rough sheer walls tipped with the ever-present needles. Delicate shades of red-tan, buff and pink alternate with horizontal bands of white. The green floor slopes to- ward the northwest and is open on this side to a view of the distant Land of Standing Rocks across the Colorado River. On this open side, the inclos- ing of Chesler Park is completed by a low eroded barrier of slickrock which drops off into a narrow canyon. En- 131111 trance into the park is through a break in this barrier. On the following day we broke camp and backtracked to a slickrock bench above Salt Creek. Here we made a dry camp and set out in the jeep to explore the canyons to the south. Although we still were deep in eroded canyon lands, the character of the country quickly changed. Our roads were the wide sandy washes of Salt Creek and Horse Canyon which wound between towering, terraced walls of red and white sandstone, higher than those in the heart of the Needles and by contrast smooth. Occasional clumps of cottonwoods stood along the banks and on the mid-channel islands. Where walls receded leaving clearings, head-high sage grew thickly and waist- high rabbit-brush was crowned with yellow bloom. Many centuries ago these lonely canyon lands were more densely pop- ulated than they are today. Evidence of cliff-dwelling ancients were in every canyon. The few white men who have penetrated this country have not gone far nor stayed long. Bates had visited Horse Canyon many times before with his Explorer Scouts from Moab, and was familiar with many of the wide tributary canyons.

Top—Cyclone Canyon, an earth- quake fault. Its name derives from the winds which sweep it frequently. Center—View to the northwest from Chesler Park. The Needles of Devil's Pocket are at right foreground. Bottom — A circular granary in a tributary to Morse Canyon used by the ancients. DESERT MAGAZINE Tower Ruin (arrow), named for A window to the sky, eroded through the A small tributary of Horse Can- the free-standing red sandstone overhang. Scene is in Horse Canyon. yon is crowned with lovely and monolith at left. delicate Castle Arch.

In one huge canyon bowl he worked unknown, uncharted land. Chances in years to come that we can return the jeep to a point below Tower Ruin, are the heart of the Needles country and find it as silent, deserted and named for the free-standing monolith will always remain uncharted. I hope mysterious as it is today. of red sandstone which rises hundreds of feet above the canyon floor. Climb- ing to a high shelf, we searched the distant cliffs and terraces across this mile wide bowl with the glasses. Bal- 'Tis not the weight of jewel or plate, anced on the ledges and blending with Or the fondle of silk and fur; the faults we saw the neat masonry 'Tis the spirit in which the gift is rich, and blank staring doors and windows As the gifts of the wise ones were; of these deserted miniature cities. And we are not told whose gift was gold Or whose was the gift of myrrh. Farther up Horse Canyon, aeons —Edmund Vance Cooke ago water eroded through the thin bot- tom of an enormous pothole which was located in the overhang above the canyon floor. Thousands of years of successive floods pouring through it from the slopes above have formed a SHARE YOUR ENJOYMENT OF 50 foot opening to the sky. Some day the Park Service will make this area a wilderness recreation region, and this spectacular attraction wUl become known as "The Eye" or by some other fitting name. Two miles ahead our jeep squeezed by Giuing a Gift Subscription through the narrows with exactly six inches to spare, and we came to an To Your Friends abrupt, boulder-strewn halt around the next bend. At the far end of a brush- Here is a thoughtful Christmas present that spreads its good choked side canyon we found beauti- wishes over the entire new year and for many years to come . . . ful Castle Arch. Its pink and tan rib- Use the convenient order blank in this copy and a colorful gift bon curves high above a sheer fin which card bearing your name will be sent to your friends to arrive drops steeply into the canyons on both a few days before Christmas. sides of it. Late that afternoon we headed both vehicles back toward Indian Creek. For five days we had scraped here and sampled there on the edge of this

NOVEMBER, 1956 after 25 years of employment as an Mrs. Beth Brakemeyer who wrote engineer and plans to "roam the South- "Daddy of the Joshuas" in this month's west in our four-wheel-drive camper Desert, was born in Nebraska and at in search of stories and photographs 17 started her teaching career in the —and," he adds, "I'm getting so I pick proverbial little red school house in a up material from washes or kick at an small town in that state. outcropping and remark, 'Looks like There she met and married her W. G. Carroll's first Desert Magazine cutting stuff'." school superintendent, quit teaching feature, "Jeep Trip into Utah's Rugged The Carrolls reside in Hollywood and migrated west with her husband. Needles Country" appears in this and have traveled extensively in the "This is when I began thinking of month's issue. Carroll recently retired Southwest. writing and suddenly the bug got me!" she recalled. But, raising a family and returning to the teaching profession Here's Desert's monthly brain exercise. If it made her writing career spasmodic at was cr'm'nal to be wrong, we would all be ^ j j] ^ ^ y ^jj, hem, and best. Last summer while attending m a ; so tne esi OU can t Fresno State College she became a when you have finished you will have added to your store of knowledge member of the Writer's Workshop about the Great American Desert. Even a tenderfoot ought to get 10 of where her interest in writing was re- them right. 12 to 15 is a good score, 15 to 18 excellent. Anyone doing kindled. better than 18 will be at the head of the Quiz class. The answers are on * * * page 39. 1—In summer the desert visitor may encounter sidewinders—Sunning "Dreamers of the Mojave," in this themselves at midday on the dunes Swimming in the water- month's Desert, was written by Ken- holes In rocky crevices On the sand dunes at dusk neth M. Stewart, associate professor 2-—Fig Tree John, about whom Edwin Corle wrote a book, lived on the of anthropology at Arizona State Col- shore of—Great Salt Lake Elephant Butte reservoir lege, and a graduate of the University Pyramid Lake Salton Sea of California at Berkeley. 3—The astronomical name of the North Star is — Polaris The field trip to the Mohave Indians Venus Jupiter Mars described in his story was made when 4—Tallest tree native of the Southern California desert is — Smoke he was a graduate student working on tree Washingtonia palm Ironwood Mesquite his Ph.D. in 1946. Since that time he 5—Morenci, Arizona, Santa Rita in New Mexico, Ruth in Nevada, and also has done field work with the Pa- Bingham in Utah, have one thing in common. They are the sites of pago Indians and has engaged in arche- •—Irrigation dams Early southwestern forts Open-pit ological excavations in Arizona. copper mines Rich gold strikes * * * 6—Name of the Indian who instigated the revolt of the Pueblo Indians Joseph Schmedding, long time des- against the Spaniards in 1680 was — Geronimo __. Pope ert enthusiast and author, passed away Estaban.___. Mangus Colorado at his home in Desert Hot Springs, 7—One of the following desert watering places is not in Death Valley— California, on September 2. He was Tinajas Altas Bennett's well Stovepipe well.- Fur- 70 years of age. His most recent Des- nace Creek ert Magazine story, "Christmas in 8—The old mining camp nearest to Davis Dam in the Colorado River is Keams Canyon," appeared in the De- —Rawhide Searchlight Rhyolite Skidoo cember, 1955, edition. 9—Among the coniferous trees, the one best adapted to the land of little * * * rainfall is—Pinyon Sugar pine Ponderosa Jeffrey pine Miriam Anderson, author of this 10—The dam in the Salt River which was named in honor of a president month's " 'Little Yellowstone' on the is—Hoover dam Coolidge dam McKinley dam Salton Shores," is a long time resident Roosevelt dam of California's northwestern Colorado 11—Lodore Canyon is in the—Colorado River Virgin River Desert. San Juan River Green River "My unusual experiences on the 12—Canyon de Chelly is in—Arizona New Mexico Utah____. desert include pack trips to San Gor- California gonio and San Jacinto peaks. Standing 13—The mine which brought fame to Henry Wickenburg was the — there gives one real perspectives! Then Fortuna Vulture Comstock lode Yellow Aster weathering the flood in Palm Springs 14—Gecko is the name of a desert—Bird Lizard Rodent^.. in 1938 when I luckily had two gaso- Insect line camp stoves and was able to heat 15—The color of the Chuperosa blossom is — White___ . Blue . water for coffee and tea for people Yellow Red who had no heat; making personal 16—Fred Harvey's Phantom Ranch is in — Zion National Park friends with many of the Indians there; Cedar Breaks National Monument Taos In the bottom eating their acorn bread; exploring the of Grand Canyon mesquite hills; remembering the beauty 17 George Wharton James was an—Author Mining man of the old church in Palm Springs, and Territorial governor of Arizona Scout with Kearny's Army of Aileen's library, both gone now. It was the West a much different town, indeed, and 18 Ashfork, Arizona, is the source of much of the Southwest's — behind the bath house, where the two Onyx Flagstone Quicksilver Turquoise huge fig trees stood, there were but 19—Most of the Kachina dolls sold in the Southwest are made by the two trailers in 1934 and one of them Navajo Indians Hopis Mojaves Apaches was mine." 20—The state flower of Arizona is the — Saguaro Y Mrs. Anderson now makes her home Poppy Cliff Rose on Twin Creeks, in Old Waterman Canyon above San Bernardino. 10 DESERT MAGAZINE LIFE ON THE DESERT Dreamers of the Mojave...

The Mohave Indians near Needles, California, once a proud warrior race, are falling behind in the struggle to better their lives in the white man's world. A basic reason for this failure may be an ancient belief still prevalent in the conscious and subcon- scious manifestations of their ancient culture—that to succeed one need not work or train or learn—one merely need have the proper dreams.

By KENNETH M. STEWART Associate Professor of Anthropology Arizona State College

SAT ON A rock, watching the flickering campfire of mesquite wood. To my right loomed the dark bulk of the truck. The Coleman lamp illuminated a small circle of sandy mesa beyond which lay utter blackness. The moon was a thin sliver, and the stars added little illumina- tion. Save for the crackling of the fire, and the heavy breathing of my fellow anthropologists in the tent, the desert was still. Far away in town, a dog howled. The desert was new to me, a city dweller, but I had vicariously anticipated this atmosphere for a long time, and now I was reveling in it. It was a great relief to be camped on the clean desert after a miserable night in a flea-infested auto court on our arrival in Needles, California, for anthropological field work with the Mohave Indians. The court was near the switchyard, with its clangor and hissing, while traffic whizzed by on the nearby highway. I despaired of further sleep, and dressed for a sunrise Mohave Indian mother and child. From the C. C. walk along the Colorado River, watching the reddening Pierce collection. skies above the gray mountains to the east. Making my way through thickets of rushes, I watched the turbid, silt- I was silent, not wishing to interrupt his flow of memory. laden stream flow relentlessly in its channel, eddying around "Truly, it was a great thing. I saw two big hawks, sandbars, dallying in lagoons, and I thought of the days flying swiftly through the air. That made me very happy. when broad-shouldered Mohave Indians, naked to a G- It meant that I would become a kwanami, a great warrior." string, ferried their children and household goods across the river, pushing large pottery vessels before them as they The days passed as I interrogated the old chief, attempt- swam. ing to draw out information about the former life of the Mohaves. This was never a difficult task for he spoke The day before at the railroad station I spoke to stocky freely, and my pencil moved rapidly in taking notes. Mohave women in bright calico dresses, selling beaded I learned that before the wagon trains of the whites curios. I learned from them that my best source of infor- rumbled through Arizona, upsetting the ancient Indian way mation would be the old chief, a man of more than 80 of life, the Mohave were known by other tribes as a nation years, yet in full possession of his faculties and well-in- of dreamers. The Mohave believed that to achieve attain- formed about the Mohave way of life in the old days. ment in life one must dream properly. An hour later I found this man. A Mohave must have the proper dreams to be successful "I dreamed that my spirit was floating in the sky, far as a medicine man, a warrior, a gambler, to acquire any above the clouds," he said in a gentle tone, as his bright desirable ability. And there was nothing a man could do eyes gazed beyond the river toward the jagged peaks, to induce the right dreams. He either had them or he didn't. seeing things to which my own eyes were blind. Mohave dreams would baffle a psychoanalyst, since

NOVEMBER, 1956 11 they supposedly begin in infancy, or of present day Oatman and Kingman of his dead relatives. The Mohave even before birth, while the unconsci- to hunt deer and antelope. resent having their pictures taken, fear- ous embryo is yet in his mother's Government was a casual matter, ing that someone may see the photo womb, or even earlier, while the soul and held little interest for the Mohave. after their death. of the future Mohave was with the The tribal chief was respected, but On one occasion, my fellow anthro- gods at the sacred mountain north of the great warriors, the kwanamis, were pologists and I accompanied some Needles known as Avikwame, or at the pinnacle of prestige in the tribe. Mohaves to the site of old Fort Mo- Ghost Mountain. The only activity which ranked with have, on the Arizona side of the river. This prenatal dreaming was in a dreaming in the Mohave conception of Walking through the thicket in single sense predestination, since knowledge things was warfare. But dream-life and file, we were spread out over a distance and skills were acquired through warfare were closely related—a man of 30 or 40 yards. I began to whistle, dreams and not by reflection, practice could not be successful in battle unless and a Mohave woman in the rear of and hard work. he had experienced the proper dreams the column became frightened. As I listened to the old chief, I con- for war. These kwanamis were the "I hear a ghost," she cried. It seems cluded that the Mohave were so pre- great men of the tribe. The Mohave that, in Mohave belief, ghosts whistle, occupied with dreaming that they had enjoyed fighting, and terrorized neigh- and to hear whistling at night is par- little interest in material things, and bor tribes for hundreds of miles around, ticularly terrifying. this was reflected in a great indiffer- smashing their enemies with vicious Mohave life today goes on at a ence to the arts and crafts. Their wooden clubs shaped like old-fashioned leisurely pace, with much free time for basketry was sloppily executed and potato-mashers. Periodically, bands of dreaming. Employment for many of their pottery did not rise above the Mohave raiders departed on a grueling the men is not steady, and they lounge level of mediocrity. The simple rec- six day journey across the desert to on the grass in back of the railroad tangular house was constructed of logs, descend on the Maricopa southwest of station at Needles, perhaps dreaming brush and mud, with a floor of dirt Phoenix, killing, scalping, plundering of the old days and the god Mastamho. and an earth-covered roof, while dur- and capturing women and children for Many of them are rather bitter about ing the steaming summer months the slaves. the white man's encroachment upon Indians moved out under ramadas, their land, and his discrimination flat-topped shades without walls which Sometimes even marriages resulted from dreaming. If a girl and a young against the descendants of a tribe once permitted the free circulation of generally feared and respected. And breezes. man dreamed of each other, it was regarded as an indication of the will discriminated against they are. For Today, too, the Mohave show little of the god Mastamho that they marry. example, they are required to sit in a evidence of a materialistic orientation. Marriage and divorce were extremely Jim Crow section at the local theater. Many of them live in shacks on the casual affairs, with a couple simply In a certain department store in Need- outskirts of Needles, in an area often deciding to live together. The marital les, the Mohaves trust only one clerk, partially flooded by the river, and their bonds were severed by the simple de- and will wait silently until he is free yards are littered with tin cans, rusty parture of either partner. to wait on them. jalopies, and other rubbish of western civilization. Meticulous housekeeping When the death of a Mohave ap- Approximately 400 Mohaves live in is rare among the Mohave. proached, friends and relatives as- and near Needles, while 600 reside on Little time was lost from dreaming sembled and began an eerie wailing, the Colorado River Reservation. The in making clothing. For men, the which might continue for days, if death ones on the reservation farm irrigated wardrobe consisted of breechclouts and were slow in coming. The corpse was lands and are more progressive than fiber sandals; for women, a short skirt cremated on a funeral pyre, while the die-hards at Needles, who insist of fibers. Hairdress, too, necessitated mourners cast the possessions of the on staying where they have always a minimum of effort. Both sexes wore deceased into the flames. In former lived, even though it may mean pov- their hair long in back, with that of times, they were sometimes too preci- erty and hardship for them. The old the women cut in bangs, while that of pitate in their actions, and there are chief once said to me, "That's like a the men was sometimes rolled into reports of "corpses" suddenly sitting prison down there at Parker." But it "pencils" which hung down the back. up in the midst of the leaping flames. seemed to me that those at Parker were On?occasion the long hair was plas- The death of the old chief had been happier and more prosperous by hav- tered with mud as protection against anticipated after he had suffered a ing adjusted to altered conditions in- insects, suggesting the turbans of the stroke shortly before my arrival at stead of clinging tenaciously and fu- Near East. Needles. Relatives had been sum- tilely to a vanished past. Even dreamers require nourishment, moned from the Colorado River Res- Change is inevitable and is acceler- but the food quest along the lower ervation, 50 miles downstream at ating. In 1956 Mohave children at- Colorado was not an arduous one. Parker, Arizona; the funeral pyre was tend school, play football, watch movies In spring the mighty river, swollen by ready beside the house, and ceremonial and young men are drafted into the the melting snows of the Rocky Moun- replicas of the ancient weapons, the armed forces. Mohaves drive automo- tains far to the northeast, burst its war club, the long bow and the feath- biles, use modern methods of farming banks and flooded the bottomlands. ered pike, had been prepared. But the and work in the railroad shops or on Then as the waters receded, the Mo- patriarch's vitality was great, and he the tracks at Needles. Warriors no have planted corn, beans and squash in fooled the mourners. By the time of longer campaign against the Maricopas. the rich mud, and harvested the crops my arrival, he was able to sit up and But dreams persist, in spite of a after their rapid growth under the fierce talk for hours at a time. nominal acceptance of Christianity by summer sun. Jackrabbits were hunted Mohaves, like so many other South- many of the Mohave. The old people in the thickets along the river, fish western Indians, fear the dead and any- are nostalgic for a time when the river were taken in huge basket scoops thing connected with death. After a was wild and unhampered by dams, shaped like canoes and a few hunting person has rejoined the gods at Ghost when the white men were not yet specialists (who had, of course, Mountain, his name should never numerous in the region, and when the dreamed their power over the game) again be spoken and it is a great in- desert was not scarred by the material went to the mountains in the vicinity sult to a Mohave to mention the names things of "civilization." 12 DESERT MAGAZINE Jasp-agate, carnelian and some fire agate are found in this ruggedly beau- tiful volcanic mountain-desert country in the eastern Palo Verde Moun- tains. Palo Verde Peak, the towering volcanic neck, background, is a landmark for this part of the desert.

Less than a mile from the soon- to-be-paved Palo Verde Pass road in Imperial County, California, is Gem Stones of an ideal collecting area for begin- ning rockhounds. Here is an end- less field of botryoidal chalcedony Palo Verde Pass —some of it with thin layers of iridescent limonite which produces the much-prized fire agate.

By HAROLD O. WEIGHT volcanic neck which is the landmark I can second it heartily, although I must Photographs by the author of this part of the desert. confess that in my memories of my Map by Norton Allen These Palo Verdes were the moun- first trip through these mountains in tains which, above all others, caught 1931 I had little time to admire HE SUN was low one afternoon the fancy of John S. Brown during his scenery. last May as Lucile and I fol- reconnaissance of the Colorado Des- There had been much rain in the 7 lowed the Palo Verde-Ogilby ert for the U. S. Geological Survey in country and little auto travel, so per- road from the expanding cultivated 1918. "Nowhere in all the ranges of haps conditions then were exceptional. lands of the rich Colorado River valley the region were desert colors seen more My father, Donald Gorton and I had into the eastern end of California's beautifully developed," he wrote, "and been exploring the outliers of the Choc- barren Palo Verde Mountains. The the trip through these mountains is olate Mountains, looking for Pegleg slanting light and lengthening shadows decidedly worth while for that alone." Smith's lost black-coated golden nug- accentuated the rich colors and fiercely Considering how rugged the road gets. That was my first lost mine hunt jagged outlines of the range and made through the Palo Verdes must have and I was naively confident of success. even more spectacular the great red- been at that time, Brown's suggestion • We did not locate a gold-plated dish triangle of Palo Verde Peak, a was high praise for any scenery. But black butte on that trip or on any of

NOVEMBER, 1956 10 It was rough going, but we finally But this was my fourth effort to find came through with tires badly shredded them in any quantity. by the rocky ruts along the way. Once when I mentioned it to Ed Today this same canyon route has Rochester, he confirmed my notion been so bladed, filled, cut and straight- that gem rock occurred there. But he ened it hardly would be recognized as also let me know that I was a Johnny- the same road. When Lucile and I come-pretty-lately. An area in this traveled this way early in May we part of the Palo Verdes known as found no obstacles except the dust and Poker Gulch had been worked by some washboard that are characteristic of of the first rockhounds since the early Botryoidal chalcedony with irides- gravel roads. 1920s. Tom Worthington, who inter- cent limonite layers—the so-called On this trip we were not after black ested Ed in the "pretty rock business" "fire agate"—from this field in the gold. We were hunting a gem field Ed had long ago shown him bookend jasp- eastern Palo Verdes. Rochester had told us about. Gem agate and beautiful red chalcedony rocks you can find in the Palo Verdes, among the buttes around Poker Gulch, but this field was exhausted. the later journeys I have made through but the cutting material in this end that country since, however. of the range was as elusive as Pegleg's "I can give you directions to a bet- nuggets. I had collected beautiful ter field, almost in sight of the road. When we ran out of time on our stones in the western and southwestern I was in there just a few days ago and Pegleg hunt we returned to the coast sections of these mountains since the there is a lot of colorful j asp-agate— by way of Blythe, detouring at Mid- late '30s. Since the same andesites and some fire agate," Ed told us. way well for a brief visit to the old and rhyolites are found throughout the He led us around to the back of his Paymaster mine. The veteran care- entire-range, I was confident that rock- house where, under a shade tree, he taker at the mine assured us we would hound rocks also were available on had a three-auto-tire gem tumbler never make it through Palo Verde Pass. the northeastern and eastern sides. rumbling steadily away. "One for coarse, one for fine and one for polish," he explained, stop- ping the contraption to pull some grit- covered lumps from one of the tires. He washed them in a bucket and handed them to us. They were striking pieces, with mossy splotches of red, white, black and gray. "From the field off Palo Verde Pass," he said. "Of course they're

Red, gray, white and black moss- splotched cabochons cut from ma- terial found in the Palo Verde field.

14 DESERT MAGAZINE .?>::•;.<

The turnoff from the Palo Verde-Ogilby road to the field is at this rack of spare poles for the powerline through the mountains. Familiar land- marks of the Palo Verdes are the Flat Tops, left, and Double Butte, right, seen from the east side of the mountains. just started. Give them 300 hours of The country, once we were away wood, but we were glad that we had tumbling and they'll be like mirrors." from the canyon road, proved surpris- brought along a number of empty flat- Out of another cache he brought a ingly open and a four-wheel-drive ve- tended milk cartons for kindling. piece of fire agate that promised to hicle could go almost anywhere. The Except for nighthawks, animal life make a fine gem. "That's what I went vegetation was scant—with 10 or 12 was as scarce as vegetable. The night- in there after," he admitted. "I didn't foot ironwoods and palo verdes in the hawks were all around us; from hill find much, but this shows it's there." shallow washes, sparse creosote, bur- and ridge and valley we could hear Ed's directions gave a landmark for roweed, desert holly and krameria on their eerie vibrant throbbing—at times the low hills. Bits of dead wood from the turnoff from the Palo Verde-Ogil- sounding like a small boy's imitation of the ironwoods furnished ample fire- by road—a rack of spare poles for the an Indian war whoop. Occasionally, big poleline—just seven miles south- west of Palo Verde and on the right Ed Rochester tumbling some of the Palo Verde material in his three-stage (northwesterly) side of the road. I tire-tumbler at Winterhaven. remembered seeing those poles a num- ber of times, and had no difficulty locating them. We turned right, fol- lowing the auto track which led from the road past the poles, went on across the pole line and almost immediately turned left again on a wavering trail that led back among the low hills and shallow washes. Ahead we could see the dark cross ridges that Ed said car- ried the chalcedony, carnelian and fire agate. When we stopped for a moment and hunted the rock surfaces around us, we found a great scattering of small pieces of agate which would cut into good cabochons. It was nearly dark, so we pulled up over the steep pitch of the first ridge and down onto a smooth little flat that would make a perfect campsite. We didn't set up camp, but took to the surrounding buttes, washes and hol- lows and collected until it was too dark to see. Then, regretfully, we went about the necessary business of getting supper and preparing our sleeping bags.

NOVEMBER, 1956 15 l^^fsMi'^^s^ffM^k^^M,

Lagoon at Palo Verde, only seven miles from the collecting area, offers a fantastic contrast to the barren volcanic buttes of the Palo Verde Mountains. from a greater distance, came the soft quently were penetrated with mangan- the bladed Palo Verde-Ogilby road we mourning who-whooo of the doves and ese ore psilomelane. Where it is solid had to stop to allow two cars to pass once — past midnight — the high yip- enough, this will polish too, but often before we could enter it—a startling ping of a coyote. it seems to make the silica around it contrast to that time a quarter of a We were up long before sunrise, but sugary. century before when we had not met when the first rays hit us, we knew We also found many location mon- or been passed by a single car during that it was going to be a day too warm uments scattered through the area. more than two days we were on it. for rock collecting. We decided that Some of them, on manganese deposits, Plans have been made to pave all this we would hunt until it got hot, then showed that some assessment work had road between Palo Verde and Imperial leave. As usual, however, our rock- been done. Even these, however, did valleys. Those of us who like the wild hunting instincts got the better of our not show recent development, since desert back trails are bound to view judgment, and we were licking speci- manganese is a war metal, and such such "improvements" with mixed emo- mens—particularly the chalcedony to marginal deposits pay only under war tions. We are glad that desert lovers see if it carried any fire—until the or stockpiling conditions. The monu- who could not otherwise make the stones started sizzling and the sweat ments in the chalcedony areas, appar- trips will have wonderful new country in our eyes made it impossible to study ently filed on that type of material, opened to them. We shudder at the the specimens. were without exception out of date thought of sharing once-peaceful des- We found an endless amount of and showed no evidence that at any ert with 80-mile-an-hour tourists and botryoidal chalcedony -— clear, carne- time had any discovery work or assess- snorting diesels. lian and dark brown in swirls and ment work—both necessary to make But there is one saving grace for mixes that will cut into beautiful stones. the claim valid—been done. which we are endlessly thankful. The In a few of the pieces—a very few— With our collecting bags well filled wrong kind of tourist almost invariably we found the thin layer of iridescent and our canteens almost empty, we sticks tightly to paving. So as long as limonite which makes the stone called left the Palo Verde field shortly after it is connected to the main road only fire agate. And we found plenty of noon, promising ourselves that we by twisty trail, the rock field off Palo mossy and patterned agate and jasp- would be back as soon as cool weather Verde Pass will remain a peaceful agate of cutting quality. Some of it made rockhunting here again both hunting ground no matter what is roar- was in large pieces, but these fre- pleasant and safe. When we reached ing by less than half a mile away.

16 DESERT MAGAZINE Pictures of the Month

Silent Wheel. . . Frank Burtt of Oakland, California, wins first prize in this month's contest with this photograph of a Death Val- ley borax wagon wheel and an old shoe. Years ago this wheel and others like it rolled over the desert freight trails—pulled by the famed 20 mule teams. Burtt used a 2VA x 3Vi Graphex camera with a five- inch Ektar lens; 1/100 second at f. 16; Verichrome Pan film.

•* Sifc-

Snack Time. .. This ground squirrel has no winter food problem as long as nice people put peanuts in jars for him. Second prize photograph was made by Ad- die T. May of El Cajon, California. She shot this picture with a RoUieflex camera on Super XX film; 1/500 second at f. 6.3.

NOVEMBER, 1956 1/ I1R

Health and relaxation seekers enjoying the water in one of the pools at Hot Mineral Spa.

stretching away from the sea. It was dotted here and there with a ranch, a railroad worker's shack, a gas station. Little Yellowstone Construction of the All-American Canal which was to bring irrigation water from the Colorado River to the Coachella Valley was underway and early in 1939 the V. R. Dennis Co. of ON THE Salton Shores San Diego began drilling a well about 30 miles east of Mecca from which it Fast growing in popularity with trailerites and campers is hoped to obtain water needed to wash America's youngest and most unique watering place. Hot Mineral construction gravel. Spa—or Little Yellowstone as its semi-permanent residents call it. Here At 305 feet a high pressure flow of you can combine two delightful vacations in one—a true desert outing 174 degree Fahrenheit water was in a beautiful setting overlooking the blue waters of the Salton Sea; struck. Geologists hastily concluded and an inexpensive visit to a spa whose mineralized waters rival those that the well had tapped water captured of the world's most famous watering places. in an arm of the fault. But, this water was too highly mineralized for wash- By MIRIAM R. ANDERSON ing gravel and the geyser was capped and abandoned. The canal workers Map by Norton Allen obtained their water from other sources and soon moved on. ALIFORNIA'S Salton Sink is a Canal; and the great inland Salton Sea The land around the well returned country rich in spectacular phe- itself. to its quiet, peaceful ways and soon nomena. There are the volcanic This 234-feet-below-sea-level basin everything was as it had been before, deposits of basalt, commonly called was filled in 1905-06 when the Colo- except for the small mountain of gravel volcanic glass, at the south end of the rado River broke through its banks left by the canal builders, the canal Salton Sea; there is the amazing shore- near its Gulf of California delta. The itself and its paralleling road—and the line of the ancient Cahuilla Sea wind- 40-mile-long sea is paralleled by the deserted well. ing along the foothills; there are the San Andreas fault which accounts for But, Nature was not to be denied. fishtraps in this shoreline which scien- much of the geologic phenomena in The scalding, mineralized waters from tists tend to believe were house foun- the area, including the remarkable gey- the subterranean reservoir ate through dations of the tribesmen who dwelled ser midway down the eastern shore of the well casing and again broke to the on Cahuilla's fresh water shores; there the sea near the base of the Chocolate surface at the rate of 25 gallons per are Indian petroglyphs on the boulders; Mountains. It is known today as Hot second. It rolled off across the desert palm oases in the desert mountain Mineral Spa or Little Yellowstone. unhindered, toward the Salton Sea a canyons; faint remains of pioneer Hot Mineral Spa did not exist prior few miles away. Where it collected wagon trails; symmetric and proud to 1939. The land in this vicinity was in pools it coated the rocks and sand date palm orchards; the All-American no different than the other desert acres with a rainbow of colors. Algae grew

18 DESERT MAGAZINE in some of these pools, adding a new range of color to their banks. Rockhounds determined that the well flowed aragonite in solution {Des- ert, August '46) and all objects in the path of the well stream—from mos- quitoes to tree limbs—were encrusted with beautiful crystals. Chemical tests showed the water to be richer in mineral content and car- bon dioxide than any spa water in the United States excepting those in the Yellowstone National Park area. Here then was mineral water rival- Bubbling out of the earth at 174 degrees Fahrenheit, the highly mineralized ing that of Spa Royat in France; Bad- water runs from this fenced pool to the bathing ponds below. Nauheim in Germany; and Marianbad in Czechoslovakia. Here was water mined to be excellent for health bath "the peace of the real, old time desert." superior to that which the royal heads purposes, but its quantity. Would the They lopped off the frosting of city of Europe had paid princely sums to flow continue, or would it dribble living and took up modern day pio- use. Famous carbon dioxide spas in away? neering. Many of these first visitors our country whose waters were com- still live at Hot Mineral Spa. parable to the Salton Sink's geyser in- While this was being considered, cluded Saratoga Springs in New York the vanguard of that great army of Today the spa is fringed with mod- and Thermopolye in Wyoming, both trailerites who are today so numerous ern trailer homes. Propane gas has state operated, and some springs at in the Desert Southwest, discovered been installed by the property's present Yellowstone which are, of course, fed- the hot springs. owner, Theodore Pilger, and he is mak- erally controlled. And here on the They camped nearby and bathed in ing plans to bring electricity to the desert it was flowing unused and wasted the little pools below the well. From spa. A small admission fee is charged into the sands—unwanted except by the vivid walls of the ponds, strikingly to enter the area and there are avail- the small group of rockhounds who similar to those at Yellowstone, the able here a few cabins which rent at occasionally visited the well to place name Little Yellowstone was derived. moderate prices, but the use of the objects in its stream and return a few hot mineral waters is freely included. The bathers found relief from pains "This is the handiwork of God," says months later to retrieve their newly of arthritis and rheumatism. This "petrified" curios. the owner. news spread and gradually a little, Hundreds come weekly to see the Here at Hot Mineral Spa water was semi-permanent settlement of trailers, geyser, picnic, take steam baths in steaming up out of the ground in an tents, cars and trucks came to life at the waters. The pools have been entirely different setting—the raw des- the spa. The carefree desert camp life, dammed and deepened and generally ert, sparsely populated, beautiful, si- streamlining living to the bare essen- improved for bathing. lent. tials, accomplished for the spirits of Hot Mineral Spa is four miles from Biggest question mark to potential the campers what the hot baths were the Salton Sea on a rise resembling a developers of the spa was not the doing for their bodies. balcony in a great amphitheater. From quality of the water, which was deter- They found here what I like to call it can be seen the magnificent pano-

NOVEMBER, 1956 19 rama of the blue waters of the sea and water — 90,000 bathtubfuls a day — southeast from Mecca on State High- the purple mountains beyond. Behind has not varied in the last 16 years. Is way 111 28.8 miles to the spa junction the spa is the backdrop of the beauti- this Ponce de Leon's Fountain of which leads off to the northeast. This ful, eroded Chocolate Mountains and Youth? Some of the ardent Hot Min- junction is 1.8 miles southeast of Pope within shouting distance is the All- eral Spa dwellers would call it that, but Southern Pacific railroad siding. Trav- Amerkan Canal where fishermen catch most affectionately refer to it as their eling northwest, the junction is 14.6 catfish and bass. Little Yellowstone. miles from Niland and 2.7 miles from The temperature and output of the To reach Hot Mineral Spa drive Frink siding.

ney A. Raemers, Ph.D. Charles A. Scholl, Chairman. '49ers Announce Plan for Eighth 8:30 a.m.—Photographers' Breakfast, Price $1.50 at Furnace Creek Golf Course. Presenting outstanding photographers of the West with Annual Death Valley Encampment their own special entertainment. Floyd B. Evans, FPSA, Chairman, Twenty featured events including Course. The West's noted artists Charles J. Norona, APSA, Co- conducted tours, campfire meetings in person. John W. Hilton, Chair- Chairman, Leo S. Moore, APSA, and square dancing along with spe- man. Co-Ch airman. cial firearm, mineral and art exhibits 10 a.m.—CONDUCTED TOUR, Tour 10:30 a.m. — CONDUCTED TOUR. are included in the program recently of valley, starting at Government announced for the November 9-12 Tour of valley, starting at Govern- Center. Dr. Thomas Clements and ment Center. Dr. Thomas Clements Death Valley Encampment. Sponsor Fred W. Binnewies. of the event is the Death Valley and Fred W. Binnewies. '49ers, a non - profit organization 12 noon—CHUCK WAGON LUNCH- 3 p.m.—VETERANS' DAY MEMOR- headed this year by Mrs. George EON, Price $1.50 at Stovepipe IAL SERVICE at Furnace Creek Palmer Putnam. Wells Hotel. Inn Garden, North American Cho- The general public is invited to 1:30 p.m. — INDIAN DANCES at rus. L. Burr Belden, Chairman, attend the admission-free Encamp- Stovepipe Wells. Performed by the James B. Nosser, Co-Chairman, ment which will be the eighth annual Boy Scouts of the Navajo Lodge 25th and 27th Districts, American affair designed as a living tribute to of the Order of Arrow Honor Camp Legion. the pioneers who first came into this Society. Guy E. Reide, Scout Ex- 4:30 p.m.—PAINTING DEMONSTRA- fascinating area. ecutive. TION at Furnace Creek Inn. John Those planning to attend were re- 2 p.m.—BURRO FLAPJACK SWEEP- W. Hilton. minded to come prepared for fun and STAKES at Stovepipe Wells. The 7:30 p.m.—EVENING ASSEMBLY at overnight camping. Casual clothing desert's most entertaining feature, Furnace Creek Ranch Airplane is the order of the day and duffel, with old time prospectors partici- Hangar. Kodachrome Show, South- containers, dishes and food as well pating in the most novel race of ern California Council of Camera as wood if you camp out should be all time. Paul Palmer, Chairman. Clubs; pictorial and desert photog- provided by individuals attending. 7:30 p.m. — CAMPFIRE at Furnace raphy, and National Park Service Wood supplies are limited. Water Naturalist — "Animals of Death is available. Creek Ranch. Community Sing led by Harold Hodge; accompanist Valley." Camp stools necessary The nights are cool and ample Mrs. S. R. Broadbent, North Ameri- to insure best view. Community bedding is recommended. Trailer- can Chorus, Robert Norris, Direc- sing led by Harold Hodge; accom- ites are invited to bring their mobile tor. "Death Valley Tales," Hon. panist, Mrs. S. R. Broadbent. Mrs. homes to the trailer camp area. Charles Brown, State Senator. George Palmer Putnam, President, Here is the program for the four "Twentieth Century in Death Val- Floyd B. Evans, FPSA, Chairman day event: ley," Hon. John Anson Ford, Su- and Master of Ceremonies, Charles Friday, November 9 pervisor, Los Angeles County. Mrs. J. Noroner, APSA, Co-Chairman, 2:30 p.m.—CONDUCTED TOUR. Tour George Palmer Putnam, President, Leo S. Moore, APSA, Co-Chairman. of lower valley, starting at Govern- L. Burr Belden, Master of Ceremon- 9:15 p.m. — SQUARE DANCING at ment Center. Dr. Thomas Clements ies. Furnace Creek Ranch. Walter and Fred W. Binnewies, Supt, Abendroth, Caller. Death Valley National Monument. 9:30 p.m. — SQUARE DANCING at Furnace Creek Ranch. Walter Monday, November 12 7:30 p.m.—CAMPFIRE at the Sand Abendroth, Caller. Dunes. Community Sing led by 8 a.m. — AUTHORS' BREAKFAST, Harold Hodge, accompanist, Mrs. Sunday, November 11 Price $1.50 at Furnace Creek S. R. Broadbent; "Death Valley 7 a.m. — PROTESTANT Sunrise Ranch Golf Course. Talks on lore Tales," Ardis M. Walker. Mrs. Church Service at Desolation Can- and lure of the Valley by well- George Palmer Putnam, President, yon. Special music by the North known authors who will autograph Arthur W. Walker, Master of Cere- American '49ers Chorus, led by their books; poetry, science and monies. Robert Norris,. Director. Chaplain fiction. John D. Henderson, Chair- 9:15 p.m. — SQUARE DANCING at James L. Carter, Naval Ordnance man. Stovepipe Wells. Walter Abend- Test Station, China Lake, will give Those wishing to join the '49er roth, Caller. the sunrise message. George W. organization can do so by sending Saturday, November 10 Savage, Chairman. annual dues of $2 to: Death Valley 8 a.m.—ARTISTS' BREAKFAST. Price 7 a.m. — CATHOLIC MASS at Fur- '49ers, 601 Hall of Records, Los An- $1.50. At Furnace Creek Golf nace Creek Inn Garden, Rev. Sid- geles 12, California. 20 DESERT MAGAZINE "Snake Dance at Walpi," an Olive Rush painting used to illustrate Erna Fergusson's book, "Dancing Gods." Olive Rush, Pioneer Artist of Santa Fe

Santa Fe, New Mexico, is the recognized art capital of the South- west, and Olive Rush is one of the pioneer artists who helped develop that world famous colony. Her searching, zestful intellect and fresh, buoyant approach to her art, combined with a genuine eagerness to Olive Rush help young artists, has won for her a permanent place in the hearts of the many people throughout the land who know and love her. HAD HEARD of Olive Rush By W. THETFORD LeVINESS long before I met her, for her paintings are well known in many parts of the country. When I saw her Olive Rush has lived in the South- alcove shelves. Paintings are stacked at some of the social functions and west a long time and has depicted in neat little piles of six or eight on intellectual gatherings for which Santa many of its facets on her canvases. the floor against the walls. The whole Fe is famous, I was impressed by her She is one of the handful of pioneers has an air of creative living without snow-white hair, the modest dress, the who helped develop Santa Fe as an the least suggestion of bad housekeep- genuine interest in people and things. art center a generation ago. ing. Miss Rush is a friendly person. It On a recent visit to her home, which Olive Rush was born in Fairmount, wasn't long before we found we had also is her studio, I was impressed Indiana, of Quaker stock, and began mutual interests — among them mu- with its tidy informality. She lives in to paint as a child. She studied at the seum activities, contemporary schools one of Santa Fe's oldest houses, typical Art Students League in New York, of art, and world peace. of the thousands of native adobe dwell- then went to Paris for further school- Thus began an acquaintance that has ings of northern New Mexico. Its thick ing. She traveled extensively as a lasted more than a decade. I have walls are never too cold in winter nor young woman, and painted the land- visited Miss Rush at her home and too hot in summer. When she bought scapes and the peoples of many of the she has attended parties at mine. I the place, it did not have plumbing or places she visited. am glad I have had the opportunity electricity. Miss Rush added both, and It was while touring the West in to know the kind of person she is, as has a large studio window to light her 1914 that she discovered Santa Fe. well as the chance to better appreciate work. Books, art magazines, and a She spent two weeks in this old capital, her paintings. guitar are strewn about casually on where Paul A. F. Walter, then editor

NOVEMBER, 1956 21 developed among the students. So I offered to help several of these young artists depict some of the everyday scenes from their own experiences in the pueblos and on the reservations." The result is still to be seen in the Santa Fe Indian School dining room —a monument in oil to a way of life that is slipping gradually into legend. These Indian murals were so favor- ably received that soon after their com- pletion Miss Rush was commissioned to direct another series by Indian art- ists for the Maisel Building in Albu- querque. These were done in casein and she worked on the scaffold along- side these energetic, resourceful young people. For this project she did three of the panels herself. It is for murals such as these and for her frescoes that Olive Rush is perhaps best known. She has done murals for the New Mexico Room at La Fonda, a Santa Fe resort hotel; postoffices at Florence, Colorado, and Pawhuska, Oklahoma; the Biology Building at New Mexico A. & M. Col- lege near Las Cruces; and the homes of leading citizens in Chicago, Tulsa and Santa Fe. "Navajo Woman on Horseback," purchased by Mrs. Herbert Hoover in Her frescoes, done in the Giotto 1931. tradition, decorate the public library as well as the fireplace of her own of the Santa Fe New Mexican, helped the long, slow, and silent past is like studio in Santa Fe, and the home of her arrange one of her first exhibitions. the sky overhead — potent, watchful, Miss Mary Wheelwright in Alcade, It was held at the three-centuries-old eternal." New Mexico. In 1955 she presented Palace of the Governors, which, only This "long, slow, and silent past" a fresco, "Socorro," to the Espanola a few years prior to that, had been Miss Rush believes is best exemplified hospital which was installed in the in the Indian life of New Mexico and patio where patients and staff alike turned into the state museum. Walter, may enjoy it. who has since had a distinguished ca- Arizona. Corn dancers of Santo Do- reer as banker and president of the mingo, Snake clansmen of Hopiland, Miss. Rush does some abstractions, New Mexico Historical Society, car- Shalakos of Zuni, and Navajo women but specializes in the more conven- ried a favorable review of the show in on horseback are but a few of the age- tional forms of painting. She paints many little adobe houses, often with his newspaper. old manifestations of Indian culture which have appeared as subject-matter people in the foreground and almost For the next six years Miss Rush for her paintings. always with a mountain backdrop. It painted in New York and Indiana, and Her rendition of a Snake dance at was such a painting—a water color in 1919 won honorable mention and Walpi was used as an illustration for done at Cordova—that she sold to the Maharaja Gaekwar Sir Sayai Rao III first prize at two exhibitions. The fol- Erna Fergusson's Dancing Gods. When lowing year she moved permanently of Baroda when he was in Santa Fe President Hoover and his family visited in 1933. to Santa Fe, and soon after bought the Santa Fe in the summer of 1931, Mrs. house which has since been her studio- Hoover bought from Miss Rush a Miss Rush uses delicate tones in home. Navajo scene that was hung in the much of her work, and loves to paint White House before being sent to the animals into her lush landscapes. Deer She pays close attention to con- Hoover home at Stanford, California. and antelope are long-time favorites struction in her painting. "As steel with her. and concrete are the media of a con- Miss Rush's use of Indian material temporary builder," she explained, "so has been augmented by a consuming Three of her most recent paintings forms and colors are media of the interest in Indian art. Some of the are called "Viaducts and Villages," painter. Love of any style will influ- most talented Pueblo and Navajo "Tiger in Jungle," and "The Proces- ence you right to your very heart, and painters say they owe a large measure sion"—this last inspired, she said, by will shine through your work." of their success to her inspiration and having witnessed some black-shawled encouragement. women wending their way toward a In most of her paintings, Olive Rush "When Chester Faris was principal hill-top shrine near Abiquiu. seeks a middle ground between tradi- of the Santa Fe Indian School," she She delights in giving her paintings tions of the past and "the world of said, "he asked me to do a series of unusual names, often taken from pas- speed and machinery in which we live." murals for the dining room there. I sages she has read. Thus one of her "The immediate present is stirring wouldn't do it, as I didn't think it loveliest canvases got its name from and insistent; it crashes itself upon us proper for a non-Indian to work there a verse by William Blake—"The Moon with a violence not to be denied. But when there was so much talent to be Like a Flower in Heaven's High 22 DESERT MAGAZINE Bower." Once she took a title from Archibald Macleish: "A Poem Should Not Mean, But Be." "Progress is Miss Rush shows a zestful interest in new ideas in art—a "student spirit" fine," said the old that has kept her up-to-date in her timers in the profession, and her work well abreast of the times. She is by popular acclaim Antelope Valley, the dean of Santa Fe's women artists, and lends generously of her time and "but it doesn't talents to the Santa Fe Women Artists mean we have to Exhibitors' Group. One of the city's most lovable per- destroy Old sonalities, she is seen wherever there Father Joshua to are cultural pursuits. She is fre- quently at meetings of the Archeologi- make way for a cal and Historical Societies of New modern Mexico, the United World Federalists, and Santa Fe's several amateur and highway . . ." professional concert and dramatic groups. A staunch Quaker, she held Friends' gatherings on Sundays at her studio in the years when Santa Fe had no regular Quaker meeting place, and for a long time has participated loyally in most of the activities of the Santa Fe chapter of the American Friends Service Committee. Although she has lived in Santa Fe for more than a third of a century, Miss Rush has never lost touch with DADDY OF THE JOSHUAS her first love—the Middle West. She has kept up her contacts there through By BETH BRAKEMEYER the Hoosier Salon, an Indiana art land, and acres of Joshua Trees were group. In 1931 she won one of its felled by bulldozers. highest awards, the Tri Kappa prize; FATHER Joshua stands Then came the roads. The winding, and in 1947 the honorary degree, Doc- alone and serene, guarding the dusty trails were changed into straight, tor of Fine Arts, was conferred upon valley about him. Larger than broad highways. Old Father Joshua her by Earlham College, Richmond, the remaining trees in the area, he can stood in the center of one of these Indiana. be seen for miles around. dusty trails. He had stood there for centuries for he was ancient when the I asked her why she had chosen Antelope Valley, at the western tip first settlers came into the valley. Santa Fe as a place in which to paint. of the Mojave Desert in California, There was sadness in the hearts of She walked over to her studio window still abounds in the Joshua. The tree many when it was learned that the old and pointed to the mountains to the belongs. It is part of the valley. Stand- tree must be cut down. It was a land- north. "Santa Fe has a rarefied atmos- ing against the evening sky, shaggy, mark and people from all over the phere which has not yet been invaded grotesque, twisted branches winding country had driven miles to see it. Now by factory whistles and grimy smoke- in every conceivable direction, it re- it was to go! The old timers remon- stacks," she said. "Here I am near minds one of a giant octopus about to strated. The road commissioners could the Sangre de Cristos, the Pueblo In- grapple with its prey. not do this to them, they argued, but dians, and the Spanish-speaking people Until recently the Joshua Tree was the road work continued. whose ancestors settled this region. It unchallenged on sweeping desert sands. The controversy grew. The road is from these forces, these influences, Thick groves stretched as far as the workers took off their hats and that I derive the peace which I find eye could see, but now all is changing. scratched their heads. They were in necessary to creative effort." Industry and subdivisions have driven complete sympathy with the commun- their roots into the sandy soil and the ity, but they had their work to do. Joshua is being crowded out. And then, one day, a committee of ROADSIDE REST STATIONS First in this forward march of in- public minded citizens arrived, paper PLANNED IN CALIFORNIA dustry came the chicken farm with its in hand. "We are authorized," they long rows of wire enclosures. This said, "to see that Old Father Joshua Roadside Rests will start appearing remains standing. Furthermore, an in- along California's state highways before was followed by the turkey ranch. Next came the war and flying. Uncle Sam, scription is to be placed on the trunk the end of the year, it was announced giving, in part, a history of the cher- by the Division of Beaches and Parks. in search of a suitable location for de- fense plants, chose the valley. The ished old tree." Six or more of these rests will be trek to the desert began. People ar- And so it is. The new highway has established before the end of the cal- rived in trailers, buses, trains, on foot left Old Father Joshua as majestic as endar year and a total of 175 is the and they made homes in anything ever. The road divides so that traffic goal set for the end of June, 1957. The available until better accommodations may pass on both sides of the tree as sum of $450,000 was appropriated by could be had. had been the custom in days gone by. the legislature for this work.—Imperial Old Father Joshua remains king of the Valley Weekly This necessitated a clearing of the Antelope Joshua Forest.

NOVEMBER, 1956 23

HOME ON THE DESERT Pest Control in the Desert Garden

Insect enemies of the desert garden, while perhaps not as numer- ous as in damper climates, are still a factor that cannot be ignored. Here are some of the weapons which Ruth Reynolds has found very effective against these pests.

By RUTH REYNOLDS Sketch by Helen Gardiner Doyle

chrysanthemums, iris and sweet peas. Other ants are controlled in the The five percent chlordane dust I used same way. Generally ants do little dam- on the plants and on the ground around age in the garden aside from tending them was ineffective. This year, if the aphids—moving them about from plant need arises, I shall use a 10 percent to plant and protecting them for the HERE ARE those who some- strength and hope for better results. times lament the lack of drama honey dew they provide the ants with. 7 in a desert autumn. But who Marauding droves of adult grass- Other chewing insects which may be would alter the desert if he could? hoppers are not, of course, comparable given a lethal dose of chlordane are Who would exchange the desert's to an invasion by hordes of young cutworms, crickets, darkling beetles grandeur and austerity for leafy groves hoppers or nymphs which eat their and sowbugs. turned briefly, gloriously bright? way to adulthood by stripping areas Cutworms—dull gray or shiny gray- Certainly no one who calls the des- bare of vegetation. This is a problem ish-black and about an inch and a ert home. And the desert gardener for crop dusters or sprayers in agri- half long — work by night, usually whose small oasis is lushly green and cultural areas. When this happens to feeding on young transplants which colorful with bloom must, I think, oc- a garden — and it has happened to they nip off at ground level. Chlor- . casionally apologize to the desert—re- mine once — only mass dusting or dane sprinkled on the ground around pledge allegiance to it—even amid the spraying is helpful and a liquid chlor- the plants will intercept the cutworms pleasures—or the perils—of gardening. dane mixture applied with a hose-at- as they emerge from the soil in which The perils I allude to are pests and tached sprayer is one remedy. Aldrin, they spend the day. diseases. In bringing them up at this when available in small quantities, is Crickets, which often do consider- time when all apparently is well in the recommended by the University of able damage to foliage of flowers and garden, I may be attempting to make, Arizona Agricultural Extension Serv- flowering shrubs may be controlled by if not an apology, at least an excuse ice, whose pamphlets supply me with applying the dust on the plant and on —saying in effect to the desert, "See much information. the ground around it. what price I pay, what retribution I After my experience with the per- Control for darkling beetles—small make, for being a desert gardener at severing grasshoppers it seemed doubt- brown bugs that feed on tender plants all?" ful that any ant could ever put them —is the same as for cutworms. Not a very good excuse, as my prob- to shame—until I met the Harvester Sowbugs, those gray, oval insects lems are quite universal. The desert ant, not too prevalent but still found of many legs and plump, crusty bodies, garden's chewing, sucking and blight- in this area. And how a colony of sometimes leave their breeding ground ing enemies may even be fewer than Harvesters live up to their name! To under boards or rubbish to forage on those of gardens elsewhere, but they defoliate a small shrub is all in a day's roots of plants. The cutworm treat- do exist and are not to be ignored— work for them. ment is good for them, too, and a for too long. Their system is ingenious, as many general cleanup of the premises should Chief among the chewers, accord- ant systems are. They climb among discourage them. ing to size and appetite, is the grass- branches and twigs, bite off the leaves The sucking insects are the bane of hopper. Though he is by no means so they fall to the ground. There they my garden. And among them all the garden enemy number one, he is no retrieve them, adroitly roll them up aphids are the most conspicuous—if friend of mine. Not since a drove of and carry them home. Leaves such as not the most harmful. These small, grasshoppers fattened on the leaves of clover growing near the ground re- soft bodied, globular plant lice come my narcissus plants last fall—eating duce their climbing time and make in colors — green, yellow, black — to them to the ground as they emerged harvesting much easier. Unfortunately, blend with the plants they infest, clus- and re-emerged. Only by covering the for them, the gardener can follow their tering on leaves and stems. Unless plants with netting did I save them un- trail—a neatly mowed swath through controlled they distort plants and flow- til they were ready to bloom in Feb- the clover or the ants themselves in ers and may kill the less hardy. They ruary and a long delayed freeze finally a long line—to their hill where a gen- also are suspected of spreading bac- drove off the grasshoppers. erous sprinkling of chlordane dust will terial diseases such as oleander gall. Other garden plants for which these stop them short and eventually eradi- Plants upon which they feed include insects have a marked preference are cate them, at least in that vicinity. annuals—stocks, snapdragons, mari-

26 DESERT MAGAZINE golds, calendulas — arborvitae, privet, attack cotoneaster, arborvitae, juni- ened. The plants became yellow and oleander, elms, ash, photinia, ivy and pers, privets, cypress, ash and elms sickly; the tomatoes turned an orange chrysanthemums. and annuals such as pansies, violets, red and had an off flavor. All four Aphids did me one good turn. stock, snapdragons. They suck juices of my plants were diseased so I de- They drove me, rather belatedly, to from plants and are vectors of plant stroyed them as there is no known buy a hose attachable sprayer. "It is viruses. cure for Curly-top. too complicated," I thought after first A 50 percent malathion emulsion There is better news concerning fire seeing one demonstrated, "I would currently is popular for controlling blight, hitherto an uncontrollable dis- never learn to use it." But when the these various insects on shrubs and ease doing great damage to pyracan- aphids became increasingly bothersome flowers. It may be combined with an thas and other ornamentals though I concluded that any one who could oil emulsion for a dormant spray to more significant as a menace to pear read could follow the instructions, kill overwintering eggs or hibernating trees. printed in permanent paint, on the insects on dormant trees and shrubs. In an article in Progressive Agri- small sprayer's glass jar. Malathion also is used to control culture in Arizona Dr. Rupert B. With a hose-atttached sprayer you cottony cushion scale, an insect that Streets, of the university's Plant Path- can do a thorough job of spraying and looks like a growth on the bark it ology Department, discusses experi- only a thorough job is at all effective. clings to. My pamphlet, revised in ments conducted by the department My Sprayette has an adjustable de- 1954, recommends only the Vedalia in which antibiotics were used on in- flector which can be turned to spray lady bug. And these, it tells me, may fected Bartlett pear trees. upward from beneath a plant or down- be secured from the Arizona Agricul- "Our proving that the antibiotic ward from above it, contacting both tural and Horticultural Commission. formulation of 90 percent streptomy- under and upper sides of leaves. How I doubt if that offer extends beyond cin sulfate and 10 percent tetramycin it correctly mixes and sprays automati- my home state however and there will control fire blight makes possible cally, is a mystery to me—but it works. largely to citrus growers as the cottony the growing of desirable pear and ap- And in my garden spraying-made-easy cushion scale often feeds on citrus ple varieties in Arizona," he concluded. has meant spraying-accomplished. And trees. Here in Tucson it has been This leads to the supposition that what a difference this makes! Not only doing much damage to the pittospo- these antibiotics may soon be available are the smaller plants and roses sprayed rum—one of our finest shrubs. for not only orchard but garden use regularly but so are the larger shrubs, With plant diseases I had had little also. even trees, which are host to a wide experience until this summer when the Beyond this I prefer not to think— range of insects including aphids and worst happened. My tomatoes were except that November is chrysanthe- other suckers -— thrips, spider mites, stricken with Curly-top. This is a vi- mum time in the garden and that the (Red spider) leafhoppers, scale. rus spread by the sugar beet leafhop- last roses of the season are the loveli- Thrips, the rose's worst enemy, are per. At the onset the leaves rolled est. And the desert is as tranquil and very small, slender insects which attack inward then paled while the veins dark- as unperturbed as it always has been. the blooms. Open a stunted rosebud that refuses to bloom and you probably will find them within. Spider mites are most often associ- ated with pyracantha but they also Rock Shorty INITIALS ON TORTOISE DISAPPEAR IN YEAR of Death Valley If you want to carve your initials for posterity—don't choose a live tor- A perspiring tourist stopped at clared Hard Rock. "Freezes toise shell for your work. the Inferno store in mid-summer. everything, an' when it melts it Dr. Loye Miller, professor emeritus "Got anything cold to drink?" jest leaves a dry spot. of zoology at the University of Califor- he asked. "Remember one July when nia, has been observing desert tortoises "Sure, we got most any kind Pisgah Bill got the idea o' using for many years. He takes with a grain o' soda pop yu want," replied it to cool his shack up in Eight of salt the oft-repeated tale about tor- Hard Rock Shorty, who was tak- Ball crick. toises that have survived in the wilds ing care of the trade while the "Good idea, only Bill set the for a century or so as evidenced by clerk was away on vacation. box of ice too close to the foot initials and dates carved on their shells Shorty dug down in the cooler of his bed. Took off his shoes by pioneers. and came up with the flavor the before goin' to bed one night. Dr. Miller found that such carvings customer wanted. The visitor Got his toes frostbit, an' there disappear within a year or two due to downed the bottle, and called for wasn't no snow to rub on 'em. remarkable regeneration characteristics another. Feet been botherin' him ever of the animals. "How do you keep it so cold since. Dr. Miller also says that tortoises: in a place like this?" he asked. "That was the year Bill went 1. Commonly have bladder stones "Must be at least 150 degrees into the chicken business. One which generally do not have serious today." day he came back from Barstow effect on the animals. "Dry ice!" explained Shorty. with a batch o' duck eggs. Put 2. Males achieve maturity at about "Get it over in that dry lake the 'em in the incubator over in one the same age as human males, that is, other side of Amargosy." corner of the room an' forgot from about 16 to 20 years of age. "Dry ice from a dry lake!" ex- about the dry ice. Three weeks 3. Egg laying is a big event with the claimed the tourist. "That's a later when them duck eggs female. She will not eat or drink for a good one." hatched out they was all pen- some time preceding it. "Coldest ice on earth!" de- guins." Aztec Independent-Review

NOVEMBER, 1956 27 ON DESERT TRAILS WITH A NATURALIST XXXI Elephant Trees of Vizcaino... At least three distinct Desert Southwest plants bear the common name, elephant tree. But botanists. Dr. Jaeger reports, are coming to regard the grotesque, twisted "Pachycor- rnus discolor" of Baja California's Vizcaino Desert as the plant world's true elephant tree, and he has chosen it as the subject for this month's discussion. Elephant trees like best the rocky areas. Here it grows with cirios (far left), large cacti and agaves. Photograph by the By EDMUND C. JAEGER, D.Sc. author. Curator of Plants Riverside Municipal Museum

HE VIZCAINO Desert of the from a long and extended drouth and I readily saw why the Mexicans say middle portion of Baja Califor- all the elephant trees we saw were that copalquin, as they sometimes call 7 nia has one of the most unique without leaves. The natives told us that this tree, is "never good for anything, as well as richest desert floras in the soon after effective rains occur the not even for fuel." An elderly man world. When traveling over its rough numerous finely divided leaves will at El Arco told me that many years and often lonely roads one has the come out to give the trees a covering ago considerable quantities of the bark impression that he is in an unreal of bright, lively green. Soon after they were sent to Europe to be used in tan- world, so unusual are the plant forms. appear the leaves are dropped, how- ning. Last June Bob Orth of Elsinore, ever, and the trees remain leafless Almost everywhere we found this John Greene of Arcadia, California, throughout most of the year. species to be associated with that and I made a trip to this enchanted If the rains are sufficient, feathery strange relative of the ocotillo, the arid land to study some of the tree panicles of small pink, red or yellow Cirio {Desert, October '55) and with monstrosities of which we had heard flowers appear in great profusion. the giant cactus, cardon. It occurs so much, but never had seen. Usually this occurs sometime between from Onyx all the way southward to We were particularly eager to ex- June and August, and when the flower- Magdelena Bay. The largest specimens amine the elephant tree, Pachycormus ing trees are grouped in large thickets grow on the north and east slopes of discolor, and first came upon it near they make a blaze of color visible for the desert mountains up to 1800 feet. the old onyx mines in the vicinity of several miles, I was told. It is a sight It disappears on the lava-covered mesas the ruins of the Mission San Fernando, I would very much like to see. eastward along the rocky backbone of the peninsula. 275 miles below the U.S.-Mexican We camped several nights in Torote border. Blanco country and since the moon The Vizcaino Desert is unique A roadside hill ornamented with was full, were able to appreciate the among deserts in being bounded by large granite boulders was almost com- trees' fantastic and bizarre forms in the ocean on two opposite sides. On pletely covered with the squattish trees marked degree. The reflection of the Pacific Ocean side the elephant bearing ponderous trunks and numer- moonlight from the smooth, papery tree grows to the water's very edge ous tortuous limbs. They gave us a bark made every limb stand out dis- and the trees are stunted due to the mental thrill such as one always has tinctly. One night I saw a mother strong prevailing westerly winds, often when first seeing something new and screech owl and her little family of not more than two feet high and four unusually different. Moreover, we three young silhouetted against the to five feet across the top of the crown. were immediately impressed when we blue-black sky as they sat on a limb The elephant tree was first discov- saw the many twists and turns of the —a most engaging picture. ered by Richard B. Hinds, a surgeon branches, that the Mexicans had aptly who had come ashore from the H.M.S. named this tree Torote Blanco from Next morning I decided to learn something about elephant tree wood. Sulphur in 1839. Specimens were sent the Spanish verb, torcer, to twist, and to England for study and the renowned bianco, white. Choosing a decrepit tree I chopped into several of the fat branches with English botanist, George Bentham, The very short, fattish trunks varied my hand axe. So spongy and thick thought it was a relative of the Peru- from 18 inches to two feet in diameter was the soft outer parts that the blade vian Pepper Tree, now so commonly and from this stubby swollen base ex- sank almost to the handle with every planted as a street tree in Southern tended in every direction the crooked blow. This corky bark, oozy with California. limbs of exaggerated thickness which sap, was pinkish-yellow in color. The Accordingly, he called it Schinus very abruptly tapered into the short, small amount of heartwood beneath discolor. Later, it was described as a angular leaf and flower-bearing branch- was somewhat firmer but when ele- Rhus, the same genus ascribed to poi- lets. phant tree wood becomes thoroughly son oak. It was left to the late Dr. This desert area had been suffering dry there is little solid material left. Frederick Coville of the U. S. National

28 DESERT MAGAZINE Herbarium to place it in a genus of its own, Pachycormus, in the Cashew family, Anacardaceae. In 1859 one of Baja California's earliest botanical collectors, Dr. John A. Veatch, found this tree growing on isolated Cedros Island west of the pen- insula. His picturesque description of the tree is worth recording here: "The trunk divides into several ponderous branches that shoot off horizontally and are bent and con- tracted into grotesque resemblances of the flexed limbs of a corpulent human being. These huge branches often ter- minate suddenly in a few short twigs covered with a profusion of red flow- ers, reminding one of the proboscis of an elephant holding a nosegay. "The resemblance (to an elephant) is heightened by the peculiar brown skinlike epidermis that forms the outer bark, which splits and peels off annu- ally, accommodating the increase in growth. "This epidermis, when removed, ex- poses the smooth, greenish-colored surface of the spongy inner bark which Ball Moss, an air plant related to the pineapple. Note the splitting seed is from one to two inches in thickness. capsules. Photograph by David Boyd. When this bark is cut through, a milky juice exudes that soon hardens into a compact mass of gum and resin." basis of its flower structure is brigaded plied only to that remarkable dropsical- with those familiar plants. trunked tree of Baja California, Pachy- In certain areas back some distance Next time I go to the marvelously cormus discolor. Its swollen trunk and from the sea, the elephant trees take picturesque Vizcaino Desert I am going limbs really do remind one of the on a very strange appearance because to try to get some seeds and grow limbs and proboscis of an elephant. of the presence on their branches of Pachycormus in my garden. The young numerous rounded gray masses of that trees are said to resemble a huge radish remarkable air plant called ball moss, protruding from the ground. BOTH PARTIES AGREE—CLEAN Tillandsia. Bird students have done a much ROADSIDES NEEDED IN U.S. Sometimes a single tree will have better job of giving common names to Both Democrats and Republicans several dozen of these four to six-inch our feathered friends than the botan- have agreed upon at least one plank balls attached to its branches. I ists have in giving meaningful English in their platforms—that of clean road- brought home several of these unique names to plants. Ornithologists long sides, city streets and recreational epiphytic plants and find them a con- ago assigned vernacular names to the areas. stant source of curiosity and amaze- birds that are as definite and distinctive The national recognition of this ment to my visitors. This plant, which as their scientific names. Among the serious problem and appreciation of is not a parasite and which lives wholly plant lovers one so-called common the work being carried out by thou- on air and moisture from the air, is name may be applied to four or five sands of civic-minded men and women a near relative of the pineapple. different plants thus creating the great- throughout the nation highlighted the The seeds of ball moss are produced est confusion when speaking or writing recent meeting of the Statewide Clean- in quantity in numerous stalked elong- about them. up Committee of the California State ate capsules. They are exceedingly On our Colorado Desert in Califor- Chamber of Commerce. — Imperial small and to each is attached a long nia and adjacent Arizona we call the Valley Weekly linty plume which makes it easy for small, fine-leafed, pungent Bursera • • • the wind to carry them to new host microphylla an elephant tree. Farther IACKRABBIT HOMESTEADERS plants. I am eager to return to Baja south around San Felipe along the gulf MISINTERPRETING RULING California when I can see the ball moss of California, the apple tree-like large- Several holders of Jackrabbit Home- in flower. leafed copal (Elaphrium macdougalii) steads have misinterpreted a recent an- Some of the elephant trees are para- is called an elephant tree. Farther nouncement that an additional three sitized by a peculiar cuscuta or love- down the peninsula the Pachycormus year allowance has been granted to vine with numerous entangling hair- is spoken of as an elephant tree. This homesteaders to improve their lands. like yellow stems. Sometimes the in- is most unfortunate for each plant is This new ruling does not affect nor festation is so pronounced that the so totally different that even the nov- extend the right of holders of small tree branchlets are almost smothered ice in plant lore will at once realize tracts, government officials said, but and one can scarcely see any of the that the plants are probably only dis- applies to claims under the Desert Land actual tree. This parasitic plant is as tantly related. Act. surprising as the ball moss in its bot- I recently have talked to quite a Many holders of Small Tract Claims anical affinities, for here we have a number of competent botanists and are jeopardizing their claims by post- plant as unlike a sweet potato or they pretty well agree that the name poning building because of this rule morning glory as can be, yet on the elephant tree should be properly ap- misinterpretation.—Apple Valley News

NOVEMBER, 1956 29 Regarding Black Gold . . . ing this tax and used the gold for many Sherman Oaks, California purposes quite unsuited for the soft Desert: metal. Gold dishes, plates, spoons and I would like to shed some light on forks were in common use by the rich the current discussion in Desert Maga- inhabitants of the city of 80,000 peo- zine among your readers regarding ple. imm Black Gold. A vast number of African slaves did Water Costs Overlooked . . . In 1905 my father was appointed all the manual labor, and the wives of San Clemente, California General Manager and Superintendent the rich vied with one another to show of the Ouro Preto Gold Mines of household slaves ornamented with solid Desert: Brazil, and he was there in that ca- gold bangles, combs, earrings, etc. In your September editorial regard- pacity for 21 years. I went there as a Replicas of the bracelets, now made ing the California-Arizona water dis- child, arriving on my sixth birthday, in silver, are much in demand in Bra- pute I liked your comment "I hope and for the next 40 years I was inti- zil today and are known as Baligendem, the side wins which can apply the mately connected with Brazil and in a kind of charm bracelet. water most economically—." It can particular with the district of Ouro KILIAN E. BENSUSAN also be hoped that the users of this Preto (Gold Black). * * * water can afford to pay for it and that Gold was first discovered there in Del Rosa, California the projects will eventually be self 1670 and during the next 150 years Desert: liquidating. A mixture of water and 426 long tons of Black Gold were Mrs. Mocko's copper mining father politics is often a smelly and dangerous mined from this area. It was known may have come close to its nature potion. as the "Richest Spot on the face of the with his idea of a black gold called Eight years ago a man ran for con- Globe." All this gold was black be- "Tullarium," but I have never heard gress with a slogan of "Water for the cause it contained about 10 percent of such a mineral. There is a tellurium Mojave Desert." His scheme was to palladium, which enhances the value and telluride. augment the flow of the Colorado by about 12 to 15 percent. Laucks Prospectors Guide (1940), means of canals and tunnels in its up- During this early boom period at a thoroughly scientific compilation, per reaches. His oratory brought the Ouro Preto, Brazil was a Portuguese lists petzite as a gold ore with color water down as far as Needles where Colony and therefore was paying taxes from iron gray to black and a metallic he said the army engineers would take to the Mother country. In the case of luster. Pure petzite is gold, silver and it from there. The area to be irrigated the gold, the tax was an "Oitavo" or tellurium and a pound of it would be lay 250 miles west and 2000 feet one-eighth of all gold that left the State worth about $125.00. higher so the entire scheme was eco- of Minas Geraes of which Ouro Preto H. GRAHAM nomically unsound. Luckily, our pol- was the capital. * * * itico was soundly defeated. The miners and people of the town Oceanside, California FRANK B. RUTLEDGE did everything they could to avoid pay- Desert: The ore telluride is a chemical com- bination of gold and tellurium, the only such alloy of gold in natural ores. The town of Telluride, Colorado, is named after this ore, once mined there. I have seen mosaic gold, i.e., gold inlaid in natural black sands. By dis- solving the black coating with alkaline solutions the yellow gold is made free. Gold alloys can be made to take on many colors — green, white, purple, red, etc., but only in nature does gold alloy with tellurium. C. D. DAWSON * • • You Are Cordially Invited . . . Arizona National Monuments . . . Tucson, Arizona ... to visit and enjoy the outstanding exhibit of Southwestern Desert: art in the spacious foyers of Desert Magazine's beautiful Pueblo I would like to correct a statement along Highway 111 between Palm Springs and Indio, California. appearing in the September Desert edi- The finest work of more than fifty of the Southwest's best known torial—"With one National Park and artists make up this ever changing display. 15 National Monuments within their Visitors are always welcome at the admission-free Desert boundaries Arizonans have . . ." Magazine art gallery which is open seven days a week from 9 We are very proud in Arizona to a.m. to 5 p.m. under the direction of Harriet Day, director. have 16 National Monuments—Chiri- cahua, Tumacacori, Saguaro, Casa Adjoining the art gallery is the Desert Book and Crafts Shop Grande, Organ Pipe, Tonto, Petrified where the best of current Southwestern books are available for Forest, Montezuma Castle, Tuzigoot, your reading enjoyment. Visitors may browse at will in the rest- Walnut Canyon, Sunset Crater, Wu- ful atmosphere of the gallery and book shop. patki, Pipe Spring, Navajo, Canyon de Chelly and— Friend or Stranger, you are welcome here. Grand Canyon National Monument in addition to Grand Canyon National Park. ROANNA H. WINSOR

30 DESERT MAGAZINE Sctguaros in California . . . Recommends Rainbow Bridge . . . but only high center vehicles should Riverside, California attempt it. There is much soft sand Winterhaven, California here. Desert: Desert: I feel sorry for the millions of va- I recommend a visit to Rainbow While tracking down titanium float Bridge for those who want to get away in a canyon in the Barren Range not cationing Americans who have to visit our over-crowded National Parks and from the crowd. Chances are you will far from Midway Well (between have it all to yourself. Blythe and Ogilby), I found a very Monuments. There still are many strange occurrence for the California areas to be visited where over-crowd- JACK HARRIS side of the Colorado River—a giant ing is not a problem. Saguaro cactus. It stood 20 feet high Such a place is Rainbow Bridge Na- and was partially hidden by a tall tional Monument in Utah. In June Murbarger Book Praised . . . Mesquite tree. of this year my 15 year old companion, Barstow, California Do you know of any other Saguaros Larry Decker, and I made the 14 mile Desert: growing in this vicinity? hike to this place. For two days and Nell Murbarger's Ghosts of the JOHN A. LOUIS three nights we did not see another Glory Trail is the best book I have human on the trail. ever read on the Southwest. This is a /. A. L.—There are more than a I would caution prospective visitors work that will perpetuate in most vivid dozen known Saguaros scattered to the Bridge that the road to the foot narrative one of the great epics of all along the California shore of the of the Rainbow Bridge trail is almost times. Colorado River between Winter- non-existant, especially between the In plain man to man talk Nell is by haven and Palo Verde. Possibly if Inscription House ruin turn-off and far the most interesting writer of this the arrival of the white man in this the Shonto Spring turn-off. Since the present day — yes, even better than region had been delayed another main lodge at the end of this road was Zane Grey. I am writing to my con- thousand years he would have found destroyed by fire, the register at the gressman requesting that he have this many more than that, for the natural Bridge shows that most of the visitors book placed in all Army and Navy hos- habitat of the native shrubs on this have come up from the Colorado River. pitals. earth is in a constant process of The best road is via Shonto Springs, C. B. McCOY expansion or contraction—generally expansion.—R .H. • • • California Scenery Best . . . Oakhurst, California Desert: Pietm-of-tk-Month Contest... How in the world can you say in your September editorial that Arizona What better way to increase the enjoyments of a hobby than to has more to offer in scenic terrain than share it with other people? If your hobby is photography, the friendly any other state? Desert Magazine family would like to share the best of your work I agree that Arizona is a great scenic in our monthly photography contest. And besides the greater enjoy- state, but it does not have the overall ment—you will receive one of the two cash prizes offered each month. variety of scenery that California has. Arizona's rock and canyon colorings The Pictures-of-the-Month contest is open to both amateur and profes- are superb for that particular type of sional photographers and only subject requirement is that your picture scenery, but California has the great be of the Desert Southwest. Pacific Ocean shoreline, a variety of desert scenery and the beautiful back Entries for the November contest must be sent to the Desert Maga- country of the High Sierras. Arizona's zine office. Palm Desert, California, and postmarked not later than largest trees are "bird legs" compared November 18. Winning prints will appear iii the January issue. Pic- to the Giant Sequoias. tures which arrive too late for one contest are held over for the next I suggest that if you can pry yourself month. First prize is $10; second prize $5. For non-winning pictures away from that commercialistic sand dune otherwise known as Palm Springs, accepted for publication $3 each will be paid. that you take a pack trip into the High Sierras and treat yourself to some real HERE ARE THE RULES scenery. 1—Prints for monthly contests must be black and white, 5x7 or larger, printed C. E. MILLER on glossy paper. • • • 2—Each photograph submitted should be fully labeled as to subject, time and Place Names Duplicated . . . place. Also technical data: camera, shutter speed, hour of day, etc. 3—PRINTS WILL BE RETURNED WHEN RETURN POSTAGE IS ENCLOSED. Rosemead, California 4—All entries must be in the Desert Magazine office by the 20th of the contest Desert: month. I know you are familiar with our 5—Contests are open to both amateur and professional photographers. Desert desert spots of Pisgah, Ludlow, Am- Magazine requires first publication rights only of prize winning pictures. boy, Homer, Rice, Ripley, Rosamond 6—Time and place of photograph are immaterial, except that it must be from the and Darwin, as well as the ghosts of desert Southwest. 7—Judges will be selected from Desert's editorial staff, and awards will be made Harrisburg, Swansea, Cerro Gordo and immediately after the close of the contest each month. Providence. It is interesting to note that though Address All Entries to Photo Editor very different in history and popula- > tion, all these places also are to be "Detent ?%aya$t«ie PALM DESERT, CALIFORNIA found in the state of Illinois. ROBERT O. GREENWALT

NOVEMBER, 1956 31 Building Razing Halted . . . JEROME — The Jerome Historical mi The on the Desert... Society has been successful in its at- tempt to stop razing of buildings in ARIZONA Delinquency Curb Proposed . . . the main section of the ghost city. The PARKER—To help the Colorado society has completed purchase ar- Rattlesnake Deaths Gain . . . rangements with Verde Exploration TEMPE—Rattlesnakes may surpass River Indian tribes of western Arizona fight juvenile delinquency, the Bureau Ltd. for most of the remaining build- scorpions as the cause of deaths due ings in the downtown area. A careful, to venomous animals in Arizona. Scor- of Indian Affairs is proposing to give the Indians a 10 percent discount in gradual restoration of some of the pions were responsible for 68 percent property is planned by the organization (a total of 64) of the deaths due to power rates for lighting a tribal recrea- tion area, Acting Commissioner W. in order to add more rental property venomous animals during a 20-year to its real estate holdings.—Verde In- period, 1929 through 1948. The total Barton Greenwood announced. "The Indians of the Colorado River Reser- dependent of 64 is more than twice the number • • • produced by all other Arizona poison- vation," Greenwood explained, "have already spent $18,000 in developing Petrified Forest Funds . . . ous animals put together. From 1949 HOLBROOK—Petrified Forest Na- through 1954, however, as many this recreation area to provide their young people with a wholesome and tional Monument is to receive $1,529,- deaths (five) were caused by rattle- 000 for improvements during the next snake bites as scorpion stings. Of the health-building outlet for their energies. We believe the tribal leaders should be 10 years, according to the National 94 deaths recorded from 1929 through Park Service. The expenditure is part 1948, 70 percent have occurred from commended for this action and given tangible assistance in every feasible of the $14,000,000 earmarked during May to August.—Phoenix Gazette this period for 14 national monuments • • • way." The discount proposed would be limited to a maximum of $25 in any in the state. The Service plans to Indian Royalties Increase . . . one month. spend $408,000 for road improvements WASHINGTON, D. C. — The In- • • • and trails at Petrified Forest, and terior Department announced that In- Indian Plan Approved . . . $1,121,000 for buildings and utilities. dian tribes received 46 percent more PHOENIX — Indian Commissioner —Holbrook Tribune-News oil and gas royalty income in fiscal Glenn L. Emmons reported that Ari- • • • 1956 than the year before. Individuals zona Indian tribes are unanimous in CALIFORNIA and tribes collected $41,000,000 from their approval of his agency's plan to Mystic Maze Campaign On . . . oil and gas lands in the year ending literally "put itself out of business." NEEDLES — Members of the June 30. The income increase was The plan involves preparation for the Needles Gem and Mineral Club have due mainly to added interest in leasing release of Indians from government launched a campaign to have the Osage Reservation lands in Oklahoma trusteeship by bettering the health of Mystic Maze Indian grounds preserved and Navajo and other Indian lands in the people concerned; giving them ade- as a state park or historical monument. the Southwest.—Yuma Sun quate education; and bringing them to The club declared that the maze, lo- the point of industrial and social de- cated two miles west of Topock, rep- KENT FROST JEEP TRIPS velopment where they can stand on resents an unusual facet of Indian lore Into the Famous Utah Needles Area Junction of the Green and Colorado rivers; their own feet.—Phoenix Gazette which has long interested students and Indian and Salt creeks; Davis, Lavander, Monument, Red, Dark and White canyons; • • • researchers.—Desert Star Dead Horse and Grand View points; Hoven- • • • weep and Bridges national monuments. Boundary Proposal Wins . . . 3-day or longer trips for 2-6 person parties More Mexican Buying Asked . . , —$25 daily per person. Includes sleeping PHOENIX—The way was cleared bags, transportation, snide service, meals. CALEXICO — Increased shopping Write KENT FROST, Monticello, Utah. by Arizona voters for establishment of privileges for tourists in Mexico were a permanent boundary between this supported in a resolution approved by state and California. The center of the Calexico Chamber of Commerce. Looking for a PUBLISHER? the Colorado River channel has been The San Diego Chamber originated the Do you have a book-length manuscript you the recognized western boundary of move to have U. S. Customs set a $200 would like to have published? Learn about the state, but the river has changed our unusual plan whereby your book can be limit along the California-Mexico bor- published, promoted and distributed on a its course numerous times creating professional basis. We consider all types of der on merchandise which may be work—fiction, biography, poetry, scholarly jurisdictional problems. Arizona's brought back duty-free from Mexico, and religious books, etc. New authors wel- boundaries were set forth in the state come. For more information, write for valu- as long as most of the merchandise is able booklet D. It's free. constitution which can only be changed Mexican-made. A limit of $10 has VANTAGE PRESS. INC. by a vote of the people. The amend- been in effect along the border since 0253 Hollywood Blvd., Hollywood 28, Calif. ment approved authorizes the state Main Office: New York 1, N. X. 1931. Under the new resolution, only legislature to change the boundary. $10 of the $200 worth could be in The two states already have agreed American-made merchandise. — Cal- on a permanent line.—Los Angeles exico Chronicle 1000 TRAVEL SCENES Times • • • • • • Mt. Whitney Records . . . Plaque for First Farm . . . MT. WHITNEY — Two records PHOENIX — A historical plaque were believed broken by Mt. Whitney now marks the site of the first farm climbers in August. The first was by SPECIAL OFFER in the Anglo-American settlement of Richard Jones of China Lake, three To introduce readers of DESERT to our the Salt River Valley. The pioneer years, nine months old, who is be- 2"x2" COLOR SLIDES for home projec- tion, we are offering a FREE 20 page farmer was Frenchy Sawyer who har- lieved to be the youngest person ever to catalog and a FREE sample color slide. vested a small crop of barley and Travel, Science, Nature, National Parks hike to the top and back. The second and the southwest. Write today to — erected a mud-and-brush house at the was set by Bob Lee of Ridgecrest who KELLY D. C HODA site in 1868. The marker was placed hiked from Whitney Portal to the top 732 URSULA ST. AURORA 8, COLO. by the Maricopa County Farm Bureau. and back in eight hours and eight —Phoenix Gazette minutes.—Inyo Register 32 DESERT MAGAZINE Sea Rise Brings Suits . . . COACHELLA — Two new suits, claiming more than $68,000 for dam- ages from the rising water of the Salton Sea, have been filed against the Coa- Something Really Different! chella Valley Irrigation District. Mr. Our Editor, Fred Gipson, made the following pledge in an early and Mrs. William Horsely, owners of issue of TRUE WEST: two beach lots and of trust deeds on other shore property, filed a claim for "This is the type story we'll have in TRUE WEST: Something $64,502 in damages. A damage claim different. Something fresh and warm and alive. Whenever possible, for $3500 was filed by Mr. and Mrs. we will print stories by eye-witnesses—stories written by old-timers Thomas Pilkington who also own two who actually SAW the events they're writing about. beach lots. Engineers earlier reported "For me, history has got to be drilling his victims neatly between the eyes that the rise of the waters may have more than a bare recording of and for this consideration was known as stopped. Water level has dropped six names and dates and places, re- "The Undertakers' Friend." inches in the last six months, they said. CHARLIE'S BIG MOSQUITO, by W. W. Raleigh. shuffled like old bones moved from An amusing anecdote in the life of the fa- —Yuma Sun one graveyard to another. It's got mous Charlie Russell as told by a man who • • • to be brought ALIVE and made knew him. Deer Lands Closed . . . REAL! And so long as I can get I FOUGHT AT BEECHER'S ISLAND, by Geo. HEMET—Santa Rosa Indian lead- that type story, that's the sort that's Oaks. An eye-witness account of a very ers again this year will forego potential going into TRUE WEST." famous battle, and a new revelation. The revenue from use of reservation lands charge of Cheyennes, Arapahoes and Sioux during the deer season by closing the A magazine with the fast move- and the death of Roman Nose will send area to hunting because of an extreme ment of fiction, yet with the au- chills up your spine. fire hazard. The reservation lands were thentic detail of the historical WHEN DEATH RODE THE JARBIDGE STAGE, journals—that is TRUE WEST. We by Nell Murbarger. Gripping tale of the closed last year for identical reasons. murder of a stagecoach driver. —Hemet News are trying to get the vital, true history of the old west down on HANGING OF THIRTY-EIGHT SIOUX, by G. D. • • • Wolfe. One of the most dramatic true In- State Seeks Park Site . . . paper while some of the boys who dian stories you'll ever read! made it axe still living to tell their LONE PINE—The State Division of A MAN CALLED BAT. The fascinating story Beaches and Parks has opened negoti- stories. of Bat Masterson, buffalo hunter, Indian ations for the acquisition of property in Here is just a partial list of fighter, Army scout, frontier sheriff — and the Alabama Hills for the formation "coming up" contents: famous sports writer and editor on a big of a state park. Most of the land in- New York newspaperl volved is owned by the Los Angeles LORDS OF THE SOUTH PLAINS, by Norman HOLE-IN-THE-WALL GANG, by B. D. Titsworth. Department of Water and Power. The B. Wiltsey. Absorbing story of the Coman- The bloody saga of Black Jack Ketchum and ches, most daring and proficient of all the his dreaded Hole-in-the-Wall gang—some new state plans a 27,000 acre park in the wild Indian horsemen of the West. You data and eye-witness accountsl area.—Inyo Register meet the fierce Kwahadis of the Staked Plain, • • • the Buffalo Eaters of the Canadian River There just isn't room left to list Alpine Pork Sanctioned . . . country—-atI the divisions of this storied na- more. They are all TRUE stories tion of red men in this condensation of their with pictures. Each bi-monthly is- MARKLEEVILLE — Acquisition life history. of the Grover Hot Springs property sue is crammed with factual, ex- HOW THE DUTCHMAN GOT HIS GOLD, by citing, and well illustrated articles near Markleeville in Alpine County John Taylor—who has been in the Supersti- for a state park was formally approved tion Mountains for years. He advances some by top authorities on badmen, lost by the State Park Commission. The new theories on the source of Jacob Walzer's mines, buried treasure, range state has budgeted $100,000 for first treasure. A must for Lost Dutchman mine wars, Indian fights, outlaws, ghost- priority parcels for outright acquisition, followers. towns, trail drives, gold rush, cow- together with a land use permit for KILLER IN FANCY PANTS, by Wayne T. Wal- boys and ranch life. IT'S THE United States Forest Service lands.— ker. Luke Short was famed for his habit of REAL THING! Gardnerville Record-Courier • • • New River Bridge Planned . . . BLYTHE—The antiquated bridge SPE across the Colorado River on U. S. WE Highway 60-70 east of Blythe will be Why don't you put a dollar bill, replaced providing the application of check or money order in an en- California and Arizona now before the velope and send it our way? The Army District Engineer is approved. regular rate is 12 issues for $3.00. Plans call for a new bridge 60 feet This special shake-hands-and-get- upstream from the present one. The acquainted offer is a flat five 2 8-year-old bridge would be removed issues for a buck! upon completion of the new structure. —Palo Verde Valley Times TRUE WEST • • • P. O. Box 5008-M Austin, Texas NEVADA Gentlemen: New Archeological Finds . . . MOAPA—In a small rockshelter in I'll try five issues of TRUE WEST. Meadow Valley Wash near Moapa, Here is $ for months, Archeologist Dick Shutler, Jr., has un- starting with your issue. Send to: covered evidence that prehistoric man P/UTOWS Dim Name lived in this area for over 4000 years. Address Inspection of the site by Southwest City . State

NOVEMBER, 1956 33 Waterholes for Bighorn . . . LAS VEGAS — A long-range pro- gram to establish waterholes for desert THE DESERT TRADING POST bighorn sheep has been developed by Classified Advertising in This Section Costs 12c a Word, $2.00 Minimum Per Issue the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service to increase the number of animals in Southern Nevada's huge Desert Game REAL ESTATE LADY GODIVA "The World's Finest Refuge. Waterhole development has Beautifier." For women who wish to increased the available range, lowered BEAUTIFUL 80 acre Coachella Valley become beautiful, for women who wish disease potential, eased pressure on ranch to be sacrificed. Nice ranch house, to remain beautiful. An outstanding des- existing water supplies and has given 40 acres three-year old asparagus; 26 ert cream. For information, write or call acres dates; balance grapes. $100,000 Lola Barnes, 963 N. Oakland, Pasadena lambing ewes a better chance to pro- Terms. Ronald L. Johnson, broker, Box 6, Calif., or phone SYcamore 4-2378. duce by allowing greater dispersal, offi- 162, Thermal, California. cials pointed out. Ultimate aim of the SECTIONIZED COUNTY maps — San program, adopted at other game ref- CHOICE HOMESITES and acreage. Salton Bernardino $1; Riverside $1; Imperial Sea vicinity. For full information write 50c; San Diego 50c; Inyo 75c; other Cali- uges in Arizona and New Mexico, is Pon & Co., Box 46 DA, Azusa, California. fornia counties $1.25 each. Nevada coun- to create waterholes at intervals of five ties $1 each. Topographic maps of all miles or less to insure water reserves MOUNTAIN HOME for sale. Big Bear mapped areas. Westwide Maps Co., 114 for a year or more where evaporation back road. Six rooms. Modern. Garage, W. Third St., Los Angeles, California. shop, horse corral with barn. $7000. Take is rapid. One method is to protect waterholes from use by other animals good trailer for part. W. H. Schmidt, FREE "Do-lt-Yourself" Leathercraft Cata- Box 611, Yucca Valley, California. log. Tandy Leather Company. P. O. Box which can find water elsewhere, by 791-W17, Fort Worth, Texas. placing them in spots accessible only to INDIAN GOODS bighorns. Concrete dams have been JOIN A REAL Prospectors and Rockhounds constructed across some gullies and FIVE FINE Prehistoric Indian arrowheads organization. Amateurs welcome. Many waterways.—Nevada State Journal $2.00. Perfect stone tomahawk $2.20. Ef- benefits for members. Membership $2.50 figy pipe $5.00. Perfect flint thunderbird year, includes publication "Panning Gold." • • • $3.00. Flint fish hook $3.00. List free. United Prospectors, 701 Vi East Edge- Five offers for only $12.00 Arrowhead, ware, Los Angeles, California. Visitors Taking Artifacts . . . Glenwood, Arkansas. CARSON CITY — Out - of - state BUILD YOUR OWN real swimming pool! FINE RESERVATION-MADE Navajo and Fun for the entire family! Easy plan and visitors have been carrying off invalu- Zuni jewelry. Old pawn. Hundreds of instructions, only $1.00. Delta Pools, Box able relics in truckload lots from Ne- fine old baskets, moderately priced, in 604, Stockton, California. vada's archeological deposits, Thomas excellent condition. Navajo rugs, old and new, Bayeta, native dyes, Two Gray Hills. W. Miller, chairman of the Nevada Artifacts and gems. A collector's para- BURIED TREASURE Hunters—Join other Park Commission declared following dise! Open daily 10 to 6, closed Mon- active hunters in the Treasure Trove Club. an inspection tour of the areas in- days, Buffalo Trading Post, Highway 18, Armchair members welcome, too. Inter- volved. Evidence was found, he said, Apple Valley, California. esting circular free. Write: Richard Maxwell, Williamsburg, New Mexico. that the relics are being systematically FIVE ANCIENT arrowheads, $1. Four looted and that some of the finest of birdpoints, $1. Three drills, $1. Spear- GHOST TOWN ITEMS: Sun-colored glass, them have been carried off. Miller head, flint knife and scraper, $1. 24-inch amethyst to royal purple; ghost railroads said some non-Nevadans have filed strand beads, $1. Four different strands materials, tickets; limited odd items from beads, $3.50. Have peace pipes, toma- camps of the '60s. Write your interest— uranium claims of doubtful value and hawks, beadwork, masks; also African Box 64-D, Smith, Nevada. are leasing their land to relic and arti- relics. Paul Summers, Canyon, Texas. fact hunters in violation of Federal PAN GOLD: $1 for 75 panning areas in 25 California counties. Geological for- and State laws.—Reese River Reveille 5 FINE ANCIENT Indian arrowheads, $2. mations, elevations, pertinent noles. Pan- • • • Flint eagle ceremonial, $2. Perfect Fol- ning pans $2.75, $2.25. Leather nugget som, $5. Spearhead, $1. List Free. Lear's, Industrial Data Released . . . Glenwood, Arkansas. and dust poke $1. Fred Mark, Box 801, Ojai, California. CARSON CITY — A 160-page book, Industrial Nevada—Basic Data, BOOKS — MAGAZINES has been published by the Nevada De- OUT-OF-PRINT books at lowest prices! scientists recently attested to the sig- partment of Economic Development. You name it—we find it! Western Ameri- nificance of this discovery. At a depth The publication presents a comprehen- cana, desert and Indian books a specialty. of over six feet, early type projectile sive economic picture of the state Send us your wants. No obligation. In- broken down by localities. Those de- ternational Bookfinders, Box 3003-D, points were uncovered indicating the Beverly Hills, California. presence of a type of man not previ- siring free copies of the book can re- ously reported from Southern Nevada. ceive them by writing to the depart- HAVE REAL fun with desert gems, min- Carbon samples from a fire hearth at ment in Carson City. —• Reese River erals and rocks. The rockhound's how- Reveille to-do-it magazine tells how. One year this level, age-dated by the Carbon 14 (12 issues) only $3.00. Sample 25c. Gems Method, reveal occupancy by these • a • and Minerals, Dept J-10, Palmdale, Calif. people about 4050 years ago. Mater- Chukars on Way Back . . . DESERT MAGAZINES—all copies of Des- ial from a hearth at 54 inches indicates CARSON CITY—Chukars appear ert Magazine November 1937 to Septem- an age of over 3870 years. In the to be on their way back to a popula- ber 1956, fine condition, take best offer. next layer above were located pieces tion level equal to that achieved prior Frank A. Krause, P. O. Box 467, Seal of pottery and typical corner-notched to the harsh winter of several years Beach, California. projectile points of the Basketmaker ago which almost wiped them out, the Indians who lived here about 1600 State Fish and Game Commission re- MISCELLANEOUS years ago. Pueblo pottery in the next ports. A parallel condition exists with level shows that these Indians, the the sage grouse. Both game birds show WILL BUY U. S. Cents. Large, Flying builders of the famed Lost City or an increase, but their numbers still are Eagles, Indian Heads and Lincoln's up to 1915. Dale, 495 Oak, Laguna Beach, Pueblo Grande de Nevada, occupied very low and a severe winter could be California. the site until about 1150 A.D. disastrous.—Reese River Reveille DESERT MAGAZINE NEW MEXICO jewelry, pottery, blankets, baskets, Carson Park Dedicated . . . paintings by Indian artists, bultos, re- TAOS—The Kit Carson Memorial State Drouth Worsens . . . tablos, kachinas and other art objects State Park was dedicated at special SANTE FE—Weather Bureau ex- of a related nature which were gath- ceremonies held in late September. perts report that drouth conditions in ered by the late Mrs. Rogers during The bill providing for establishment New Mexico are getting worse instead her lifetime.—El Crepusculo of the park was approved by the Leg- of better. July and August rains helped islature in 1951. State officials from some, but not enough. Rain during Kentucky, where the famous scout was the characteristic shower season was Find Early Evidence of Man . . . born, and Missouri, where Carson was average in the northeast portion of the PORTALES—A stone spear point raised, were invited guests of the cere- state but only seven percent of normal embedded in the neck vertebra of an mony.—El Crepusculo in the rest of the state.—Alamogordo elephant which is known to have be- • • • Daily News New Forestry Booklet . . . come extinct on this continent at least ALBUQUERQUE — People and • • • 10,000 years ago, was discovered near Coronary Rate Low . . . Timber, a non-technical publication here at the Sam Sanders gravel pit in by the U. S. Department of Agricul- WASHINGTON, D. C—New Mex- Blackwater Draw. A bulldozer uncov- ico's rate of coronary heart disease ture, has been released. It outlines the ered the gigantic skeleton of the ele- timber situation in the nation as re- among white males is the lowest in phant while pushing aside the clay and the nation—191.1 deaths per 100,000 vealed by a three-year survey done by sand that lies above the gravel deposit. the Forest Service in collaboration with population. New York's rate, which —Alamogordo Daily News was highest in the nation, was 393.8 state agencies, forest industries and per 100,000. These figures were re- other interested organizations. It is of leased by the Public Health Service particular interest to people of the and are based on a recent study. — Tribe Signs Plant Contract . . . Southwest where timber supplies are Salt Lake Tribune GALLUP — Navajo Tribal officials not abundant and where the proper • • • and the Meyer Furniture Company of management of forest land is so impor- Los Angeles have signed a contract tant for the protection of vital water- Rogers Museum Opens . . . for the erection of a furniture plant. sheds, a Department spokesman said. TAOS — The Millicent A. Rogers A temporary plant is expected to be A copy of Miscellaneous Publication Foundation Museum was scheduled to built by the firm at Gamerco. Plans 721, People and Timber, may be ob- open in Taos. Featuring Indian and are to build a permanent plant on land tained by writing to the Forest Service, Spanish Colonial art, the museum will to be donated to the tribe for indus- U. S. Department of Agriculture, 510 make available for public viewing the trial use by the Gallup Chamber of Second Street NW, Albuquerque, New rare and unusual collection of Indian Commerce.—A dahooniligii Mexico.—Sandoval Journal

IN

Don't miss the November issue of colorful ARIZONA HIGHWAYS Magazine with the big feature on min- eral collecting in Arizona by A. L. Flagg, president of the American Fed- eration of Mineralogical Societies. This feature is illustrated with many full- color photographs of mineral speci- mens. An article of interest on photo- graphing minerals in color is also in- cluded in this issue.

35« PER COPY

AT YOUR FAVORITE NEWSSTAND, OR CONTACT

NOVEMBER, 1956 35 UTAH tested the action taken by the two Speed Damsite Roads . . . Fifth Park Completed . . . states, maintaining that U. S. 40 was KANAB — Prospects appear good the only logical route for inclusion in for early development of an access SALT LAKE CITY—Five roadside the interstate network. Proponents of road from Kanab to the Glen Canyon rest parks are now in operation in the the U. S. 6-50 route point out that damsite, Utah and Arizona state high- state, road officials announced. Fall this more southerly route is at lower way commissioners indicated. Mem- construction schedules call for the com- altitudes, would serve southeastern Utah bers of the two state highway groups pletion of an additional park every 10 as well as Carbon, Emery and Grand met recently with representatives of days as long as weather will permit. counties and would afford better con- the Bureau of Reclamation and the The program will then be renewed next nections with New Mexico and Texas. Bureau of Public Roads to coordinate spring, and by next fall the state will — Vernal Express efforts of Utah and Arizona in build- be dotted with roadside rest parks. • • • ing access roads to the site. The meet- Eventually, the state wants to have ing was principally to determine where rest parks about 50 miles apart on Flaming Gorge Project . . . VERNAL—Aside from road build- roads from each side of the border will every major highway in Utah. Purpose meet.—Salt Lake Tribune of the parks is to give the motorist a ing, most of the activity at the Flaming safe place to pull off the road and Gorge Reclamation Damsite is core • • • rest when he gets too tired to drive.— drilling to test the strength of the quartz River Experts Needed . . . Salt Lake Tribune and quartzite walls and floor of the SALT LAKE CITY—The Bureau canyon. The search is still under way • • • of Reclamation announced an urgent for the best site for a permanent village need for personnel of many skills in Road Contract Awarded . . . which will, at the height of construc- connection with the recently authorized KANAB—The first bid on construc- tion work on the dam, be the tempo- Upper Colorado River Storage Project. tion connected with the $421,000,000 rary home of from 4500 to 5000 per- Most pressing need is for surveyors. Glen Canyon Dam project was let in sons. The dam, first unit of the Upper In addition the project will require ad- Kanab by the Bureau of Reclamation Colorado River Development project ditional engineering and cartograph to the Strong Company of Springville. to be built in Utah, will not be located draftsmen, construction inspectors, soil That concern will build the first five at Flaming Gorge, but some 20 to 30 technologists, agricultural economists miles of the 25 mile road from Bitter miles downstream from this scenic and civil engineers. Vacancies exist at Springs on Highway 89 in Arizona to attraction in the Green River.—Vernal Carson City, Nevada; Durango and the damsite for $1,156,000. This sec- Express Grand Junction, Colorado; Rock tion of the road is expected to be the • • • Springs, Wyoming; and Ogden, Span- most expensive with some rock cuts Tribesmen Receive Clothing . . . ish Fork, Vernal and Kanab, Utah. up to 200 feet.—Southern Utah News SALT LAKE CITY—Upwards to Candidates may apply by mailing a • • • 100 tons of used clothing was distrib- standard government application form uted to Navajo and Hopi Indian fam- 57 to Box 360, Salt Lake City.—Salt Interstate Route Protested . . . ilies in the Four Corners area by Utah Lake Tribune VERNAL — Utah and Colorado National Guardsmen. Maj. Gen. Max- highway officials have decided to work well E. Rich, adjutant general of the • • • for the designation of U. S. 6-50 be- Guard, said Operation Friendship was Dinosaur Returns to State . . . tween Denver and Salt Lake City as a a huge success, thanks to the painstak- HANKSVILLE—Preparations have federal interstate highway. Following ing efforts of Utahns to search storage been made for the mounting of the the announcement, officials of the Na- closets for unused clothing.—Salt Lake sauropod dinosaur skeleton discovered tional Highway 40 Association and Tribune in 1954 near Hanksville, at the Uni- Vernal business and civic leaders pro- • • • versity of Utah museum. Discovery College Enrollment Highest . . . was made by a team of Yale Univer- SALT LAKE CITY —Utah leads sity paleontologists who shipped about half of the fossilized bones to New You'll want to keep those the nation by a wide margin in the proportion of its total population and Haven, Connecticut, where prelimin- its college-age population (18-21 years ary preparations were made for mount- MAPS of age) that are actually enrolled in ing the skeleton. When it was discov- institutions of higher learning within ered at Yale that available space would which appear each month in the state, Utah Foundation researchers not accommodate the display, arrange- Desert Magazine—maps which reported. In 1955, 3.3 percent of ments were made to turn the bones will be your guide on many de- Utah's population was enrolled in col- over to the University of Utah. The lightful excursions into the great lege, compared with 1.6 percent for rest of the bones found by the Yale desert playground. the nation as a whole. expedition were brought to the Uni- Attractive loose-leal binders em- versity of Utah last summer. Assem- bossed in gold not only will bling and preparing the skeleton for preserve the maps, but will be YOUR TRAVEL DREAMS COME TRUE! exhibition will take an estimated two years.—Salina Sun a beautiful addition to your Go where you please, stay as long as you like. home book-shelf. Each binder Explore the byways, relax by a rippling stream holds 12 copies. Easy to insert, ... enjoy the sea, the woods, the mountains- travel carefree with all the comforts of home, SAN JUAN and COLORADO they open flat. whether it's an extended vacation trip or a week- end camping jaunt. Write today for free booklet! RIVER EXPEDITIONS Mailed postpaid for Enjoy exploration, safe adventure and $2.00 scenic beauty in the gorgeous canyons of Utah and Arizona. Staunch boats, experi- enced rivermen. For 1957 summer schedule or charter trips anytime write to— I. FRANK WRIGHT AIRSTREAM TRAILERS Oept. p PALM DESERT, CALIFORNIA 12804 E. FIRESTONE BLVD., N0RWAU, CALIF. MEXICAN HAT EXPEDITIONS 110 CHURCH ST., JACKSON CENTER, OHIO Blanding, Utah

:•)?• DESERT MAGAZINE Washington, D. C. . . . The government program for buying tungsten was expected to begin immediately. A delay occurred in the Genera] Services MINES ni MINING Administration offices because the order, passed by Congress and approved by the President, had not been signed.—Nevada Twentynine Palms, California . . . Gabbs, Nevada . . . State Journal Prospector-miner P. O. Dorr has sold Standard Slag Co. is expanding its op- • • • 1400 acres of valuable tungsten property in erations in iron ore mining in Nevada. For the New York Mountains east of Twenty- the first half of this year, iron ore ship- lone, Nevada . . . nine Palms to the Crescendo Mining Co. ments by Standard have averaged about Reactivation of an old Nye County cin- of Las Vegas, Nevada, in a joint venture 40,000 long tons per month, all of which nabar property four miles south of lone with Western Uranium Corporation, Trin- went to Japan. Current shipments are from was announced by officials of the Uranium ity Oil and Gas Co. and Tacks Oil Corpo- the Stokes mine near Gabbs and the Minne- Exploration and Copper Co. of Las Vegas. ration. Sale price was announced at more sota mine, about 16 miles from Yerington. The ground is being purchased from Charles than half a million dollars. The new own- At the present time, exploration programs ers plan to spend $100,000 to develop the Keough and James Larson, it was reported. molybdenum and rare earth prospects on are in progress in the Kingston Mountains The mine had a successful productive his- the acreage. In addition to important cop- of California, south of Pahrump Valley in tory early in the 1900s but was closed per, manganese and uranium deposits, the Nevada and in the Cortez range of central down in 1918 after producing 18,000 flasks mine reportedly has the third largest tung- Nevada.—Tonopah Times-Bonanza of mercury.—Pioche Record sten deposit in the United States. The new • • • -• • • owners said another $300,000 is earmarked for a 200-ton mill to handle company- San Juan, County, Utah . . . Son Juan County, Utah . . . mined ores and to do custom milling.— Standard Oil Company of Indiana has Shell Oil Co. announced that its North Pioche Record scheduled a 5200 foot test of the Mississip- Desert Creek No. 1 wildcat in San Juan • • • pian formation in the Elk Ridge sector of San Juan County. The company has per- County has completed potential tests of Farmington, New Mexico . . . fected a federal unit comprising 38,550 1440 barrels of oil per day. The oil of Plans for the drilling of 120 to 125 gas acres of land, none of it in the Navajo this discovery well has a gravity of 42.0 wells on the Southern Ute Indian Reserva- Reservation.—Suit Lake Tribune and gas-to-oil ratio is 660:1. This is one tion were told by the Murchison Trust of of the biggest flowing wells ever completed Dallas. The concern said wells would be in the state. drilled on 40,000 acres of Indian land in Washington, D. C. . . . the Mesa Verde field. All the wells will be The General Services Administration an- J£\plore for Treasure! development wells and will be drilled by nounced extension of the purchase program E^ind wealth lost or bur- contractors.—Mining Record ied for years! Search for for manganese, mica and beryl. The metal- gold and silver coins, bul- • • • lurgical grade manganese program has been lion, and other valuables extended to January 1, 1961 and raised with JI-Scopc Treasure- Goldfield, Nevada . . . Metal locators. Used world- The 100-ton mill at Goldfield was sched- from 19,000,000 to 28,000,000 long ton wide. Guaranteed. Time uled to begin operation again following units. The mica and beryl programs have Payment. completion of a power hook-up. Purchase been extended to June 30, 1962.—Hum- Fisher Research Lab., Inc. of the mill from the Newmont Mining Cor- boldt Star Dept. D-l Palo Alto, Cal. poration reportedly took place in August following several months of negotiation. Sale price was estimated at $70,000. New owner of the property is the Monarch Mill- ing and Mining Co. of Las Vegas. c oi • • • SENSATIONAL ™ °«™™ < SALE Bingham, Utah . . . Kennecott Copper Corporation will add ON GEIGER COUNTERS AND SCINTILLATORS another first to its huge and historic open cut mine near Bingham upon completion of At Big Savings • Factory Guarantee • All New Instruments the new 5490 foot-level ore haulage tunnel from near the Copperton rail yards to the R-C Scintillator Model CAX47P "Pioneer".. .$740.00 Value Now $425.00 bottom of the massive pit. This 18,000 foot Complete with plug-in cartridge project probably will be the longest single underground mine tunnel in the United Precision Scintillator Model 111-B $495.00 Value Now $350.00 States. — Salt Lake Tribune Victoreen Scintillac Model 645 $495.00 Value Now $350.00 • • • The high sensitivity of the Scintillation instrument adapts Wenden, Arizona . . . it for mobile surveying whether by Auto or Airplane The Dasco Mines Corporation of Vista, California, announced plans for a 50 to The Scintilla-Dyne $249.00 Value Now $165.00 100 ton per day manganese flotation mill Large polished premium grade l"xl" crystal sodium iodide at Wenden, Arizona, to process ores from The Uranium Scout de luxe Counter $157.00 Value Now $ 98.00 the Doyle manganese mine near that town. The mine had a production record of $1,- With Bismuth tube and detachable prospecting stick 730,000 gross sales during 1953-54. Dasco T-A Geiger Counter $159.00 Value Now $ 97.50 has controlled the property for the past 20 Rugged, rain proof, dust proof, built in loud speaker, years.—Vista Press battery checker, and many other features • • • Vic-Tic Geiger Counter $125.00 Value Now $ 89.50 Henderson, Nevada . . . Reports indicate that a further expansion Vic-Tic with six pack, consisting of 6 Bismuth tubes, twenty of titanium metal production capacity at times more sensitive than a regular counter Now $189.50 the Titanium Metals plant at Henderson is planned. Output of titanium sponge is to CHEMICAL KITS • MORTERS AND PESTLES . GOLD PANS be increased 50 percent and related melting BOOKS • MINERS' PICKS facilities for the production of titanium in- gots are to be expanded 80 percent. This QUALITY IS ALWAYS A BARGAIN program follows closely the announcement Open Tuesday Evening 'til 10:00 p.m.—Four blocks south of Olive in March of a 67 percent increase over the original plant output of 10 tons per day. When both programs are completed late next year, the total capacity of the Nevada plant Comfiton noti will be 25 tons of sponge and 30 tons of Telephone NE-2-9096 ingots daily. Overall cost of these additional facilities is estimated at $15,000,000. — 1409 S. LONG BEACH BLVD. COMPTOX, CALIFORNIA Nevada State Journal

NOVEMBER, 1956 37 Uranium Industry Out of URANIUM NEWS Speculative Era Says AEC The United States is not dependent on any overseas source for its uranium, nor is uranium mining any longer in the twilight zone that lies between wildcat speculation Miners Urged to file Location and recognition as a stable industry, an Atomic Energy Commission spokesman re- cently disclosed. Dr. Jesse Johnson, director of raw ma- Data to Protect Surface Rights terials for the AEC said the nation's ura- nium industry is not only operating at a more productive level than ever before, but Claimholders of unpatented mining claims cither the section or sections which would is much more stabilized and looking ahead located on lands of the United States prior probably embrace such mining claim when to a permanent commercial market. to July 23, 1955, should take immediate the public land surveys are extended to "We have noticed a decided change in steps to protect themselves against attempts such lands or a tie by courses and dis- operating plans through 1966. Companies to challenge the validity of those claims. tances to an approved United States min- are talking in terms of a commercial mar- Before a determination of validity can eral monument.—Mineral Information Serv- ket which will begin some time in the 1960s be made, the U. S. Department of Interior ice and will be a permanent market," he de- is required to publish locally a notice to • • • clared. mining claimants for determination of sur- New Uranium Mill at "Exploratory drilling by private com- face rights. A copy of any notice must also Mexican Hat Made Ready panies is greater now than the combined be sent to each person who has filed a drilling by the AEC and private firms in request for such notice. Texas Minerals Co. was expected to have any year from 1951 to 1954," Dr. Johnson Unpatented claimholders wishing to pro- its new uranium mill at Mexican Hat, San added. tect their interest should, therefore, immedi- Juan County, Utah, in operation by Sep- In its 20th semi-annual report, the AEC ately file in the Recorder's office in the tember. The firm is a joint subsidiary of said: "Production of uranium from all free county where the claim is located, a request the Texas Co. and New Jersey Zinc Co. world sources continued to increase during for a copy of any "notice to mining claim- The mill will employ between 100 and the first half of 1956. The rise in domestic ants." This request should contain the fol- 110 men, it was announced. The company production was especially rapid and the lowing information regarding each claim, as plans construction of a 70-home townsite United States is now the free world's lead- set forth in paragraph (d), sec. 5, Public nearby on land leased from the Navajo ing producer. Ore production exceeded Law 167, of 84th Congress, 1st Session: tribe. processing capacity, with ore being stock- 1. Name and address of person making Chief source of ore for the new mill will piled at the locations of new mills." — request; be the Happy Jack Mine in White Canyon, Reese River Reveille 2. The date of location; but 20 percent of capacity is expected to be • » • reserved for custom ores from other than Atlas Becomes Partner in 3. The book and page of the recordation White Canyon and Monument Valley areas, of the notice or certificate of location; and it was reported. The mill will use water Moab, Utah, Uranium Mill 4. The section or sections of the public from the nearby San Juan River and power Uranium Reduction Co. has agreed to land surveys which embrace such mining from a high voltage line to be constructed let financier Floyd B. Odium's Atlas Cor- claim; or if such lands are unsurveyed, to the mill site.—Salt Lake Tribune poration become a partner in development of the nation's largest independent uranium mill at Moab, Utah. URC, in which Charles The AEC predicted that construction of A. Steen holds controlling interest, has with OREMASTER'S new facilities for ore processing in this and agreed to sell about a 30 percent equity in- "Rockhound" other free world nations which are now terest to Hidden Splendor Mining Co., a SUPER underway or definitely planned should in- wholly owned subsidiary of Atlas Corpora- GEIGER COUNTER crease the total annual production of ura- tion. nium oxide to 30,000 tons. Three mills In return, Atlas' Ute Milling Co. affiliate were under construction during the first will not construct a large uranium concen- half of 1956.—Mining Record trator near La Sal, Utah. AEC approval • o • was pending for the project. The historic accord would have the ef- Lawsuits Threaten Following fect of committing virtually all presently Hectic Grants Claim Rush known major uranium ore reserves in the The late August Grants, New Mexico, Big Indian District—one of the largest and uranium rush turned out to be a prospec- richest in the world—to the $8,500,000 mill tor's nightmare and a lawyer's dream. The scheduled to start operation this fall. AEC released 11,875 acres at 10 in the This would assure both miners and em- morning and by sundown 1100 claims had ployees of the mill more permanent em- (For Uranium, '•:v.....': ... been staked. The question of how many ployment and would have the effect of N 1 of these claims overlap and how many are greatly stabilizing economic development in Thorium, and • > *^ invalid may keep the courts busy for the Grand and San Juan counties. Otherwise, Rare Earth Minerals) next decade. total mill capacity would have greatly out- Declared one prospector following the run presently known ore reserves in the The new OREMASTER "Rockhound" is area.—Salt Lake Tribune a SUPER Geiger Counter that excels rush: "If anyone gets any good out of this many S500 instruments. It is sensitive it will be our grandchildren." — Grants o • • enough for airborne and mobile pros- Beacon Atlas Corporation reported that its Almar pecting, yet weighs only five pounds. Mine in the Big Indian District of San Big iVz" Super Sensitive Meter. Power- Juan County, Utah, contains a uranium ore ful built-in speaker, bismuth tube, water- TREASURE HUNTERS body in place valued at approximately $36,- proof, indicates the direction of radio- New type metals detector. Distinguishes 000,000, making it one of the nation's metals from black magnetic sands. Ideal for major deposits of uranium. The Almar ore active deposits, and numerous other locating gold nuggets, placer deposits. De- features. tects metals under salt water. Locates coins, bodies have been established by more than jewelry on 200 core drill holes for an aggregate of over Send for free literature and photo! beaches. Free 100,000 feet of drilling.—Salt Lake Tribune from false de- PRICE ONLY $129.50 f tections. Each Fully guaranteed unit supplied with two dif- THE PROSPECTOR'S CATALOG Terms if desired: $35 down, «V i«b •••'•'' ••'•••• ferent search We are pleased to announce the advent of $10 per month mW .• •': :.. coils, Ask for a new Minerals Unlimited Catalog, specifi- ^_" .•:•• :. free litera- cally designed for the amateur or profes- Large stock of used instruments of all ••'•••• ' '^k' ' ture. sional prospector. Tf you are interested in makes. Expert servicing. ••. •• ,••.'•• \. . •.. GARDINER Geiuer Counters, MiueralightS, Blowpipe Sets, • . i , • •'••.• • ..; ~~'5£* ELECTRONICS Gold Pan or any of the other equipment CO., DEPT. 8 necessary to a field or prospecting trip, WHITE'S ELECTRONICS i ... • -••.•. , ••• •..,•• • . • ' 2545 E. INDIAN send 5c in stamps or coin for your copy. SCHOOL ROAD MINERALS UNLIMITED, Dept. D 1218 M. Street — Sweet Home, Oregon PHOINIX, ARIZ. 1724 University Ave., Berkeley, California

DESERT MAGAZINE Little Colorado Region AEC Modifies Payment Anaconda Co. officials report that it may be 10 more months before the Woodrow Needs Mill, Miners Say Rules on Development mine north of Laguna in Valencia County, The middle Little Colorado River valley The Atomic Energy Commission has New Mexico, is again in production. The may become one of the most productive modified Domestic Uranium Program Cir- mine was the scene of the first uranium uranium areas in the nation, miners believe. cular 5, Revised, regarding the payment of mine fatality in the State. A worker was Basis for this belief is the fact that some development allowances to producers of killed there in July when a section of the very rich ore deposits are being located in uranium ore. mine caved in. The company is constructing this area, almost midway between the profit- Circular 5, Revised, which remains in a new shaft to bypass the cave-in.—Grants able deposits in the Cameron area and the effect until March 31, 1962, establishes Beacon southeast extremity of the uranium strip guaranteed prices for uranium-bearing car- near St. Johns. notite and roscoelite ores of the Colorado Greatest problem of the middle Little Plateau area. ANSWERS TO DESERT QUIZ Colorado prospectors and miners is the long Under the circular, sellers desiring to Questions are on page 10 haul needed to deliver ore to a mill. High deliver more than 1000 short tons of ore 1—On the sand dunes at dusk. grade ore can be shipped profitably to Tuba during any calendar year are required to 2—Salton Sea. City, Bluewater or to Shiprock, but so much enter into a contract with the AEC. The 3—Polaris. of the ore, even of commercial grade, only modification eliminates the requirement that 4—Washingtonia Palm. would be profitably handled if a mill were such sellers submit proof that funds re- 5—Open-pit copper mines. located within 100 miles of the source.— ceived as development allowances have been 6—Pope. Holbrook Tribune spent for development or exploration during 7—Tinajas Altas. the contract period or within six months 8—Searchlight. • • • thereafter. SEC Halts U-Stock Sales 9—Pinyon. The modification was made necessary by 10—Roosevelt dam. By Nine Small Companies changed conditions in domestic uranium ex- 11—Green River. The Securities and Exchange Commission ploration and development. Development 12—Arizona. has called a temporary halt to sales of stock expenditures, in early small-scale uranium 13—Vulture mine. by nine small uranium, oil and related com- mining activities, were generally incurred 14—Lizard. panies. It said the companies failed to dis- while mining progressed. 15—Red. close the facts relating to an indictment Elimination of the accounting provision 16—In the bottom of Grand Canyon. against a financier who is the principal will permit maximum use of the develop- 17—Author. underwriter for each of the nine stock issues. ment allowance as an incentive to uranium 18—Flagstone. The nine companies temporarily barred exploration and development, and also will 19—Hopis. from selling any more of their stock in simplify administration of the allowance 20—Saguaro. September were Beehive Uranium Corpora- program.—Dove Creek Press tion, Salt Lake City, Utah; Cortez Uranium and Mining Co., National Lithium Corpora- tion, Teton Oil and Minerals, Inc., and Wing Ee, Inc., all of Denver; Dalmid Oil and Uranium, Inc., and Diversified Re- sources, Inc., both of Grand Junction, Colo- rado; Strategic Metals, Inc., Tungstonia, Prospectors' Headquarters Nevada, and Iola Uranium Corporation, Chicago.—Humboldt Star • • • GEIGER COUNTERS AND SCINT1LLATORS The "Snooper" Geiger counter—model 108 $ 29.95 Prospectors Warned Against The "laicky Strike" Gcijrer counter—Model KlfiC 99.50 Dangers of Abandoned Mines The "Professional" Geigcr Counter—Model 107C 149.50 The "Special Scintillator"—Model 117 299 50 The Bureau of Mines has issued a warn- The "Deluxe" Scintillator—Model 11 IB .". 495.00 ing to prospectors that many abandoned mines are death-traps, and inexperienced ULTRA-VIOLET MINERALIGHTS persons investigating them without proper Model NH—Operates on 110 AC only 14.75 equipment and skill are courting trouble. Model M12—Operates on batteries only—with battery 4t) 65 The bureau pointed out that not only Model SL-2537—Operates on batteries or 110 AC—without case and batteries.'"""™ 30.50 With No. 303 case and batteries 61.00 does the prospector face the danger of cave- With No. 404 case and batteries (iff.00 ins or injury by climbing rotted ladders, he also is periled by gas or lack of oxygen in the shafts. BOOKS In some mines deteriorated explosives, "Prospecting with a Geiger Counter" by Wright .(id "Uranium Color Photo Tone" 1.00 which were left underground when the mine "Uranium Prospectors Hand Book" 1.00 was closed, may go off at the slightest jar. "The Uranium and Fluorescent Minerals" by H. C. Dake 2.00 • • • "Popular Prospecting" by H. C. Dake 2.(10 "Uranium, Where It Is and How to Find It" by Proctor and Hyatt 2.50 The Atomic Energy Commission reports "Minerals for Atomic Energy" by Nininger _ 7.50 that it is purchasing $47,000,000 worth of "Let's Go Prospecting" by Edward Arthur 3,30 beryllium to use in atomic reactor plants. Two firms, Beryllium Co. and Beryllium MAPS Corp., each will sell it approximately 500,- Map and Geology (Uranium and Mineral Districts of California) 1.50 000 pounds over a five year period, the Map of Kern County (New Section and Township) 1.50 AEC said. The metal is utilized as a mod- Map Uranium and Minerals (The Nine Southwest States) 1.00 erator in atomic reactors.—Grants Beacon Book and Map "Gems and Minerals of California" by McAllister 1.75 • • • Book and Map "Lost Mines and Treasures of the Southwest" 2.00 Continental Uranium Corporation an- nounced that sufficient ore has been blocked OTHER SUPPLIES out in a joint venture in the Deer Flats Mineral Hardness Test Set 2.00 Radiassay—Uranium Test Kit 14.95 area of San Juan County, Utah, to merit Mercury—Detector Fluorescent Screen 6.75 development of a uranium mine. One test Scheelite Fluorescent Analyzer 6.00 hole showed 12 feet of .42 percent U3O8. Fluorescent Mineral Set—10 Specimens—boxed ' 3.50 Further development is scheduled to estab- Mineral Specimen Boxes (35 named Minerals) .... 1.50 Prospectors Picks (not polished) 3.95 lish the full extent of the ore body and to Prospectors Picks (polished) 4.25 locate a mine portal.—Salt Lake. Tribune 12" Diameter Steel Gold Pan " ' i-2.-> 16" Diameter Steel Gold Pan Z.'Z".~... i.70

All prices F.O.B. Los Angeles Add 4% Sales Tax if you live in California MINERALOGY Member of American Gem & Mineral Suppliers Association Offers unlimited opportunity for rock collector or Ura- nium prospector. Make It your career or hobby. We train ALLEN LAPIDARY EQUIPMENT COMPANY you at home. Diploma course. Send for Free Catalog. MINERAL SCIENCE INSTITUTE 3632 West Slauson Ave., Dept. D Open Monday evening until 9:00 Los Angeles, Calif. Desk 7 • 159 E. Ontario • Chicago 11

NOVEMBER, 1956 centage of Washington and Nevada woods polish well. Some other classic locations defy classi- fication by area. They are limited, local spots that produce exciting material. These include the bogwood near Tonopah, Nevada, where small limbs and reeds surrounded by algae in an array of colored pin points of Four Major Petrified Wood partially opalized agate are found. Nigger rock wood from Eastern Oregon is blue in color with softer grains replaced by orange jasper and has false centers in Belts in West are Traced patterns different from the Washington wood. Boron wood has radiated orange By BUCK JENKINS through the sedimentary rocks topped by agate hearts surrounded by opal-like ma- lava overflows which form the mountains terial. Long Beach, California in a large part of Arizona, Utah, Colorado and Central Wyoming. Mineral and Gem Society TUMBLING PROCEDURE FOR Most Arizona wood is predominantly red, There are four major petrified wood belts its agate structure presumably taking its AGATE IN HEXAGONAL DRUM in America's Intermountain West. They color from the iron impurities in the ash H. L. Zollars of El Paso, Texas, gives the correspond roughly to the long, thin uplifts around it. following recipe for tumbling agate family of rock which form our Western mountains. The second major wood belt is in a gems to high polish: Use hexagonal drum, The best known of these is scattered mountain range twisting through the; middle 18 inches diameter, seven inches wide, 45 of the Jackson Hole-Yellowstone Park area. pound capacity. Add two pounds 80 grit It is found in an uplift of 14 layers of basalt, silicon carbide grains and some water to DIAMOND BLADES ash and lava containing unknown numbers the gem material and run drum at 45 rpm. of logs, limbs and twigs, and is named After 24 hours, add two more pounds of Absaroka after the traditional name for 80 grit. !»vy-T>nty Super Stand. the Crow Indian country. This magma bur- In 36 hours add one pound 80 grit and p.-Chgd. Chgd, Chgd. run for 36 more hours. Then wash thor- $ 9.90 $ 8.80 ied these ancient trees and burned them, 12.65 11.50 replacing the wood with quartz and amethyst oughly. Put the material back in the drum Hi.75 15.40 crystals, clear agate, many types of plume with a half pound of commercial Linde A 24.50 20.40 Ruby Powder and 1 gallon of small leather :«.:',« 28.20 and moss. •x-.'.m 31.90 chips plus a little water. Run the drum at 47.50 39.70 Across Idaho from the Absaroka are the 30 rpm for eight hours. 57.10 43.80 Cascades, geologically a recent uplift of vol- 72.30 56.50 Add another half pound of Linde A, 138.30 canoes and dikes which sent great sheets of and run for six hours at 25 rpm. Wash and 206.85 lava across Oregon's high desert, burying replace in drum with a large package of Stale Arbor Size vast forests and making central Oregon an- Tide detergent. Run at 25 rpm for eight Sales Tax in California other profusion of limb casts. It seems that hours. Remove and brag.—The Voice Allow )<>r 1'ostage and Insurance any type of petrified wood found in Wyom- • • • Covington Ball Bearing Grinder ing can be found in Oregon, so geologically interrelated are these areas. John Sinkankas suggests that the lapidary and shields are The fourth great wood belt does not always follow a definite system when grind- furnished in :t correspond to any mountain range. In fact, ing cabochons and not skip around from si/.es and price it seems that because of the age divergence place to place on the stone. Try to work ranges to suit between Washington and Nevada woods, the shape down as a whole, taking an even your require- the opalized woods common to both areas amount of material off on each pass around ments. A\" a t e r do not really form a belt at all. the stone. This initial shaping is the key to and i?;iil proof. success and must not be neglected.—The Washington wood lies in the basalt flows Braggin' Rock COVINGTON 8" TRIM SAW of Eastern Washington and is characterized by the false center, a feature which results • • • and motor arc com- from two different agatization processes in According to A. G. Parser, Linde A pol- pact and do »ui the same specimen. ishing powder on leather is considered best splash.. Save blades for tigereye after the stone has received a and clothing with Nevada wood is found in scattered logs fine sanding. This stone is naturally brown- this saw. which are remnants of an earlier time and ish, honey-toned and blue. Red tigereye is which resemble Washington wood only in obtained by heat-treatment.—The Braggin' BUILD YOUR OWN LAP that they are opalized. Only a small per- Rock and SAVE wilh a COV- INGTON 12" or 16" Lap Kit. We inriiish every- thing you need. Send lor new free lapidary 1 catalog. 1 -.59 §*•». tyotcue 'Been jZtM&ata 'potf COVINGTON It *'0i*J^!i-* Petrified Wood, Moss Agate. Chrysocolla .Multi-Feature Hi" Lapidary \\ Turquoise, Jade and Jasper Jewelry Unit Does everything HAND MADE IN STERLING SILVER COVINGTON Bracelets, Rings, Necklaces, Earrings 12", 14" * or 18" w and Brooches Power Feed Diamond SPECIALLY SELECTED STONES WITH Slab Saws ^ j) CHOICE COLORS AND PICTURES SAVE ..-••••' Write for Folder With Prices BLADES USED BY THE U.S. GOVERNMENT ELLIOTT'S GEM SHOP Send for New Catalog, IT'S FREE DKALERS WANTED 235 East Seaside Blvd. Long Beach 2. California Across from West End of Municipal Covington Lapidary Eng. Auditorium Grounds ! UEDLANDS D, CALIFORNIA Hours 10 a.m. to 9 p.m. Daily Except Monday

40 DESERT MAGAZINE HELPFUL IDEAS PRESENTED and mining activities for the individual Gem and mineral clubs that make fre- states, names and addresses of publishers, quent field trips will soon discover that the IN NEW ROCK CLUB MANUAL color slide suppliers and courtesy movie same car owners drive their cars on every suppliers are just a few of the helpful sec- outing while a certain few always will be Few hobbies have experienced the start- tions in this book of ideas. passengers. To avoid misunderstandings and ling success of rockhounding. Membership hard feelings, the club should agree to is growing by the hundreds each week in Published by Gazette Publishing Com- pany, 4537D Airport Station, Los Angeles charge a nominal fee to each passenger and every section of the country. Youngsters, turn this over to the drivers. It is a matter elderly people, men and women find com- 45, California; 94 pages; spiral bound; $2.00. This book may be purchased directly from of a few cents from each passenger going mon interest in rocks, gems, lapidary work, a long way toward taking a burden off of amateur geology and outdoor exploration. the publisher or from Desert Crafts Shop, Palm Desert, California. California pur- the owner and driver.—Karl von Mueller's The needs of this hobby have been rec- Rock Club Manual ognized by Karl von Mueller in his book, chasers please add three percent sales tax. Rock Club Manual, which spells out every • • • • • • step local clubs should take to assure suc- MIDWEST COLLECTING FIELDS Lester Davis is the new president of the cess—from proper methods of organiza- Hutchinson, Kansas, Gem and Mineral Club. tion, how to conduct meetings, election of COVERED IN NEW BOOK Ruth Sanders was re-elected secretary. — officers, equipment needed, field trip pro- Rockhounds planning collecting trips to Quarry Quips cedure, shows, to the reorganization of the Midwest will be interested in a new clubs which no longer function properly. booklet by June Culp Zeitner, Midwest Gem Von Mueller presents hundreds of sound Trails, a field guide for gem hunters, min- ideas which touch on every phase of club eral collectors and tourists. activity. The smallest detail is covered in the manual such as preparing publicity re- The author concentrates on over 20 of HIGHLAND PARK the more famous collecting spots with sum- leases, for example, or what the members' maries on each state closing out the book. THE LAPIDARY'S role should be during programs. Published by Mineralogist Publishing Sample gem and mineral society by-laws, Company, 329 S.E. 32nd Ave., Portland 15, STANDARD OF VALUE a list of state officers handling geological Oregon; illustrated; 64 pages; paper cover; $2. This book can be purchased directly BUY THK BEST from the publisher or from Desert Crafts FOB LESS STATEMENT KBQU1BED BY THK ACT OP Shop, Palm Desert, California. California Congo I)ia Blades — Sizes AUGUST 24, 1912, AS AMENDED BY THK buyers should add three percent sales tax. Range from 4" to 24" in ACTS OF MARCH 3, 1933, AND JULY 2, 1946 (Title 39, United States Code, Section 233) Light, Standard, Heavy SHOWING THK OWNERSHIP, MANAGE- and Extra Heavy duty. MENT, AND CIRCULATION OF GIANT JADE BOULDER The Desert Magazine published monthly at FOUND IN ALASKA Palm Desert, California, for October, 1956. Highland 1. The names and addresses of the publisher, editor, managing editor, and business managers J. L. MacKechnie of Petersburg, Alaska, Park are: reports that the world's largest pure jade Publisher, Randall Henderson, Palm Desert, nugget has arrived in Kotzebue, Alaska, Trim Saws California. Managing editor, Eugene Conrotto, Palm Des- after a five-day, 200 mile trip from Jade Compact and ert, California. Mountain where it was mined by the 1m- rugged for long Business manager, Bess Stacy, Palm Desert, perial Jade Company. lasting service. California. The huge jade boulder weighs 20 tons, is K-4 Trim Saw 2. The owner is: (If owned by a corporation, its name and address must be stated and also 16 feet high and five feet wide. It would immediately thereunder the names and ad- provide enough stone to fill 4,000,000 ring dresses of stockholders owning or holding 1 settings, according to the company. percent or more of total amount of stock. If A Leader not owned by a corporation, the names and The mining firm announced that it will addresses of the individual owners must be not sell the stone in small lots for fear such In Its Field given. If owned by a partnership or other un- sales would ruin the jade jewelry market. incorporated firm, its name and address, as Highland 1'ark Power-feed well as that of each individual member, must The giant nugget will be sold intact, if pos- Slab Saws. Sizes range be given.) sible, to someone who would agree to use from V2." to 24". Metal Lena Clements, Clifford W. Henderson, Cyria it for a monument or statue. or Luclte hood. A. Henderson, Randall Henderson, Kvonne Rld- dell and Bess Stacy, all of Palm Desert, Califor- nia; Philip Henderson, Pasadena, California; SHAPE CABS WITH TIP Vera L. Henderson, Los Angeles, California. 3. The known bondholders, mortgagees, and ON TOP BEFORE SANDING other security holders owning or holding 1 per- cent or more of total amount of bonds, mort- When forming a cabochon on the grind- Highland Park Combination Unit gages, or other securities are: None. ing wheel, never hold its high part or top Available in all sizes. Perfect Combination 4. Paragraphs 2 and 3 include, in cases where squarely against the wheel. If you do, you Unit for Lapidary work. Handles sawing, the stockholder or security holder appears upon grinding, sanding and polishing. Excep- the books of the company as trustee or in any may cause the normally rounded top to tionally quiet operation. other fiduciary relation, the name of the per- flatten out, and the only way to sand such son or corporation for whom such trustee is acting; also the statements in the two para- a stone evenly is to wear the rest of the cab graphs show the affiant's full knowledge and down to conform with the misshaped top. belief as to the circumstances and conditions To avoid this, let the high point of the under which stockholders and security holders who do not appear upon the books of the cab work into a slight tip when grinding. company as trustees, hold stock and securities This tip should not be exaggerated, but in a capacity other than that of a bona fide only should be slightly higher than the out- H owner. line of the cab. In sanding, this tip easily 5. The average number of copies of each issue of this publication sold or distributed, can be removed. — G. Dale Kraklow in E-10 Combination Unit through the mails or otherwise, to paid sub- Gems and Minerals scribers during the 12 months preceding the Arbors oi all sizes—Tumblers, two models. date shown above was: (This information is Wet and dry belt sanders—Lapidary units required from daily, weekly, semiweekly, and triweekly newspapers only.) BENSUSAN'S BRAZILIAN LAPIDARY in two different sizes. RANDALL HENDERSON, Publisher Sworn to and subscribed before me this 20th 13814 Ventura Blvd.—Phone STate 9-9924 32 MODELS TO CHOOSE FROM day of September, 1956. Sherman Oaks. California The most complete line of lapidary machin LOIS E. ROY ery offered by any manufacturer. See these (My commission expires May 18, 1958.) Agent ion at your local Highland Park dealer or write Frantom Slab Saws, Cabochon Units for free literature. Sapphire Facet Units & Supplies A Product of Air Float Mineral Concentrators Handmade Sterling Rings Ultra Violet Light Products Detectron Metal Detectors & Counters HIGHLAND PARK Suitable for Agate or Petrified Wood. Classes in: $7.00 per Doz. Mineralogy, Geology, Gem Cutting, MANUFACTURING CO. 3 assorted samples, postpaid for $1.75 Faceting and Jewelry Making. 1009-1011 Mission Street Equipment, Findings, Tumbled Gems, Silver, HANSEN NOVELTY CO. South Pasadena, California BEND, OREGON Rings, Publications, Mountings & Tools

NOVEMBER, 1956 41 CLUB-OWNED EQUIPMENT equipment than the average member is WOOL REMOVES DULLING OILS ever apt to consider purchasing. FROM HANDS ON GEM STONES SHOULD BE TOP GRADE This means larger saws, heavier grinding There are a number of gem and mineral and polishing equipment, specialized equip- Every time I anticipate showing crystals clubs that own lapidary equipment which ment for making spheres, etc.—Karl von or polished pieces to a non-rockhound, I they maintain in their own or rented rooms. Mueller's Rock Club Manual am reminded of a practice at the Bureau Most of the clubs have workshops and pro- • • • of Printing and Engraving in Washington, vide their members with experience and It is a poor practice, and sometimes very D. C. There, before each new impression training in the use of these tools. dangerous, to tighten a nut too tight against for currency or bonds, wide spread hands, The main drawback to club-owned equip- the flange when putting in a new emery palms down, are slicked rapidly over the ment is that after the members learn to use wheel. A grain of sand or emery grit may plates to lubricate them, for long ago this it, they buy their own equipment so that be lying between the flange and the wheel, institution discovered that an inexhaustible in the end the club equipment lies idle. and excessive pressure against it may cause supply of the finest oil necessary to grease This condition can be avoided in the begin- the wheel to break.—Rockhound News and the engraving plates between impressions ning if the club will buy larger and heavier Views was constantly at their fingertips—oil ex- uding from the hands of the press operators. No matter how flawless the crystal—or how perfect the polish on a cab, an irresisti- 25th Silver Anniversary Edition ble impulse seems to seize the viewer. He will want to glide a thumb or finger over YOU MAY PURCHASE THESE AT: the shining surface. Curiosity or a desire to see if a final rub with the fingers might $ 1.50 for paper bound copies'. not add a new high light often leaves only $2.50 for DELUXE BOOK BINDING. the oils from the hand on the stone. I have learned to carry a small fluff of Add 25c for Domestic Postage and Packing lamb's wool when showing off a prize speci- or 50c for A.P.O.'s, Foreign, or U. S. Territories. men. Lamb's wool can be purchased in small cartons the same as cotton. When I AFTER DEC. 1st, 1956 notice a dulling film beginning to collect, PRICE WILL BE 1 retrieve the stone, rub it briskly with the wool and instantly the brilliant polish re- $2.50 for paper bound copies. turns. Lamb's wool is invaluable when set- $3.50 for DELUXE BOOK BINDING. ting up a display case and will give an PLUS POSTAGE SHOWN ABOVE added sparkle to all your polished stones. —Mary Blair in the Montebello, California, Mineral and Lapidary Society's The Braggin' GRIEGER'S ENCYCLOPEDIA contains Rock 224 pages 8 W x II" in size. EIGHT dif- 'Congratulations. The SUPER-CATALOG • • • Ferent COLORS of ink were used to print is more than 'SUPER.' You folks are certain sections of this book. SMALL ALL-GLASS SHOWCASES doing more to help us who are com- ARE EASY TO MAKE AT HOME THIS IS THE LARGEST and THE FINEST bination 'rock-hound, lapidarists and The making of small all-glass showcases CATALOG EVER TO BE PUBLISHED. amateur jewelers,' than any firm else- to display individual specimens is simple where in these United States. I hope and their use will focus attention upon the specimen. The edge of the glass panels WE OFFER YOU: you grow and grow and grow, until you should have a clean cut straight edge. Edge GEM CUTTING MACHINERY and have to build a skyscraper to hold your sharpness can be removed with a fine emery SUPPLIES • JEWELRY MAKING TOOLS stock and business. Congratulations." cloth, on the abrasive wheel or lap. and SUPPLIES • BLANK MOUNTINGS One of your newer customers, It is best to let the front, back and top • JEWELRY PARTS • JEWELRY METALS H. G. Wilson, Jr., San Diego, Calif. plates overhang slightly. Either plate glass or 2X crystal sheet glass will do. For the • BOOKS • ULTRA VIOLET LAMPS • glass-to-glass joints of small showcases use TUMBLE POLISHED GEMS • PREFORMS "The new ENCYCLOPEDIA and catalog fiber type diamond showcase cement. This • CUT GEMS • ROUGH GEM STOCK type case does not require felt on the joints. is all that you claim it is—it is very fine. and INSTRUCTIVE ARTICLES. —The Mineralog We anxiously await the companion • • • Here are some actual letters we wholesale list." Monterey Bay, California, Mineral So- ciety members installed the following new received from customers who pur- D'Anne Jewelry Originals, v. Albuquerque, New Mexico officers at a recent meeting: Wally Bast, chased our Encyclopedia. president; Mrs. Helen Russell, vice presi- dent; Mrs. Rhoda Hutchings, secretary; Mrs. "I do not believe that there is anything Betty Hillman, treasurer; Arthur Scattini, y printed in mineral literature that is director; and George Wells, federation di- "This book is more than just a Catalog; rector. Carry-over board members include nearly as complete or as informative as Dr. K. W. Blaylock, Wayne Booth and it is a source of much valuable infor- your SUPER-CATALOGS have been, and Robert Scheffler. H. B. Stoddard was named mation for amateurs, craftsmen, deal- I know that a great many of my friends publicity chairman and Frank Demerast, ers and professionals." use it regularly as a ready reference show chairman. Dr. J. Daniel Willems where they may find almost anything Earth Science Publishing Company that they may want to know in regard Opals in normal wear absorb their weight M Chicago, Illinois to the mineral and lapidary trade and in water every year—from skin and the air. But, if stored out of water they become "I want to thank you for your prompt hobby." dry, brittle and likely to crack. Wiping adjustment on the saw blade and dam- Ben Hur Wilson, Chicago, Illinois with a damp cloth from time to time can aged mounting. It is really a pleasure to be substituted for water storage. Being soft, opals scratch easily. Scratches can be do business with a firm which is so co- "Please send me two copies of your polished out and a chipped edge can be operative and accommodating. Again, 1956 ENCYCLOPEDIA. Wouldn't swap removed, but cracks cannot be repaired.— I thank you." my 1950 copy for a farm out West.' Shop Notes and News Ted H. Lattin Stanley O. Coding, Form K9-I6 Pagosa Springs, Colorado Springfield, Vermont Howard Blackburn has been elected presi- California residents — Please add 4 % s a dent of the San Diego, California, Lapidary tax. Society. Also named to office were Lee Har- 1633 E. Walnut St. rison, first vice president; Leo Lovato, sec- GRIEGER'S, Inc. Pasadena 4 Calif. ond v'ce president; Eleanor Blackburn, sec- MAIL ADDRESS: P. O. Box 4185, CATALINA STATION, PASADENA, CALIF.' "xotten, ^L^fLf DESERT MAGAZINE IMPERFECTIONS PRESENT IN Points to remember in editing a gem and FREE GEM MAP OFFERED BY MOST UNPOLISHED STONES mineral club bulletin are: Have your club BATTLE MOUNTAIN CHAMBER name and address listed in each and every A free brochure for rockhounds has been Although many gemstones have been en- issue; If your club welcomes visitors, be published by the Battle Mountain, Nevada, dowed by Nature with brilliant, lustrous sure to list the time and plaee of your Chamber of Commerce. The publication faces and display reflections from their sur- meetings; The editor's name should appear contains a map which covers 250 square faces, yet their form is never such as can in each issue and, if space permits, the names miles of the Battle Mountain area with 20 reveal to full perfection the optical prop- and addresses of officers; Try to include a gem collecting fields listed. Materials in- erties upon which their charm for jewelry complete but concise report of club activities clude chrysocolla, turquoise, silver, azurite, demands. during the past month and a schedule for gold, galena, cerussite, sphalerite, barite, Apart from irregularities of shape due to the next month; If space permits try to antimony, lead, jades, cinnabar, opalite, bor- interference with growth, the natural faces nite, cobalt and many others. are rarely perfect unless the crystals are include several informative or technical very small; they are often more or less articles in each issue.—Karl von Mueller's This brochure may be obtained by send- stepped or pitted, and if more than an inch Rock Club Manual ing your name and address to the chamber. or so across, are obviously uneven. The crystals may, moreover, have been broken either through some movement of IF YOU PURCHASE A COPY OF the rock in which they were formed, or in the course of extraction from the matrix GRIEGER'S ENCYCLOPEDIA AND SUPER-CATALOG in which they lay; or they may have been roughened by attrition against stones of OF THE LAPIDARY AND JEWELRY ARTS equal or greater hardness, worn by the pro- YOU MAY PURCHASE ONE OF THE FOLLOWING These longed action of water, or etched by solvents. Premiums premium Beautiful octahedral diamond or spinel PREMIUM OFFERS stones have been mounted without cutting, REMEMBER: ONLY ONE PREMIUM WITH EACH offers but even their appearance might have been are NOT greatly improved at the lapidary's hands. only on ENCYCLOPEDIA ORDERED RETRO- The fashioning of gemstones is only the ORDERS. Premiums must be Requested at time of Order ACTIVE. first stage in their treatment if they are intended for use in jewelry. The second No. P-7 INTRODUCTORY CAP OFFER No. P-36 TITANIA GEM and final stage is to provide means for 6 #14-10 Sterling Silver Caps Small round brilliant facet cut TITANIA holding them. Sometimes the form chosen have always been difficult to produce. for the setting will dictate the shape that is 6 #14-10 Gold Filled Caps. imparted to the stone to be fixed in it. REGULAR VALUE $2.00. ONE PREMIUM In the past our price has been $7.50 for all small sizes. Mass production methods In ancient times little or no attempt was OFFER No. P-7 contains 12 caps, listed made to shape gemstones, and all that was make it possible for us to make a TRULY above. NOW $.65 done to improve their appearance was to SENSATIONAL OFFER. These facet cut smooth or polish the natural form. Since YOU SAVE $1.35 the stones were coveted merely for their gems of TITANIA are 2 V2 mm in diam- surface coloration and not for the internal No. P-13 LARIAT CORD KIT OFFER eter. This is l/IOth of an inch. These gems glow, they were usually strung and worn are used as SIDE STONES with larger as a pendant or in a necklace and there was ontains following parts for 12 lariat felt to be no need to keep the shape to cords minus stones. gems and also to set in wedding bands. certain proportions. 12 asst. colors of woven plastic cords ONE PREMIUM OFFER No. P-36 con- By far the oldest of the modes of cutting 24 asst. Lariat Cord Tips sists of two TITANIA GEMS as described in use at the present day is the rounded 12 asst. Lariat Cord Slides above (REGULAR VALUE $15.00). NOW shape known as cabochon from a French ONLY $1.20. YOU SAVE $13.80 word which is itself derived from the Latin REGULAR VALUE $11. ONE PREMIUM Cabo, meaning a head. OFFER No. P-13 contains 48 items listed As long ago as the days of the Emperors above. NOW $3.95 in ancient Rome, the softer gemstones were treated in this manner. Such stones were YOU SAVE $7.05 supposed to be beneficial to those suffering from myopia (short sightedness), the rea- No. P-32 TITANIA FACET No. P-l STERLING SILVER SHEET GEM OFFER. A round brilliant son being that transparent stones, if cut in A 6" x I" strip of 18 gauge the shape of a hollow cabochon, formed a facet cut TITANIA GEM of the lense. — Compton, California, Gem and very finest quality'and cutting REGULAR VALUE $3.35. NOW $1.51 Mineral Club's Rockhounds Call weighing approx. P/3 carats. (These No Fed. Tax YOU SAVE $1.84 stones will weigh between 1.10 to 1.40 PREMIUM OFFER No. P-17 SACRAMENTO CLUB PLANS carats.) REGULAR VALUE $10.00. NOW 6 DIFFERENT ASSORTED BRACELET SHOW NOVEMBER 3-4 $3.99 AND NECKLACE CHAINS The Sacramento, California, Mineral So- YOU SAVE $6.01 (Gold Plated) (Reg. Value $4.50) ciety will celebrate its 21st year with a show ONLY $.86 with $5 order. on November 3-4 at Turn Verein Hall, 3349 Jay St. Admission is free. I ea #26C-23 GP (Necklace) . . $ .75 Heading the list of exhibitors will be the I ea #27C-I8 GP (Necklace) . . .75 club's president, Lillian Coleman, who will lea#27C-l9 GP (Necklace) . . .75 show her jade and sphere collections, and past president Elmer Lester who will dis- I ea #28-6 GP (Bracelet) . . .75 play his quartz family minerals. Every I ea #28-7 GP (Bracelet) . . .75 phase of the hobby, from fossil collections I eq #28-8 GP (Bracelet) . . .75 to general minerals and lapidary art, will be shown, the club announced. IF it were possible to purchase thes In addition to adult displays, emphasis 6 chains in small lots, the cost woul< is to be given to the value of training junior be $4.50-ONE PREMIUM OFFER No members. Junior Supervisor Leigh Readdy P-17 has these 6 chains— is planning the largest junior division ex- hibit ever shown by the club. iNOW ONLY $.86. YOU SAVE $3.6 ADD 10% FEDERAL EXCISE TAX EXCEPT WHERE NOTED. California residents — Please add 4 % sales tax. New officers of the Nebraska Mineral and Gem Club of Omaha are John Hufford, president; Lloyd C. Fowler, vice president; and Mercedes Eisele, secretary-treasurer.— "GRIEGER'S, Inc. Rear Trunk MAIL ADDRESS: P. O. Box 4185, CATALINA STATION, PASADENA, CALIF.

NOVEMBER, 1956 43 NATURE'S READY-MADE spheres! Solid white iron pyrite (marcasite) "cannon- ADVERTISING RATE ball" concretions from the Hell Creek 12c a word . . . Minimum $2.00 layer. Most perfectly round, almost base- GEfll fllART ball to marble size. 2, 4 or 8 for $1.00 pp. Science unable explain how formed. Carl Malinak, Box 711, Miles City, Mont. GEMS OF THE desert, tumbled polished GENUINE TURQUOISE: Natural color, baroques. Mexican lace and carnelian blue and bluish green, cut and polished agate, Death Valley jasper agate, rose Cabochons — 25 carats (5 to 10 stones STAUROLITE CROSSES MAKE quartz, petrified wood palm, black fig, according to size) $3.50 including tax, many others. General mixture, $6 pound. postpaid in U.S.A. Package 50 carats (10 RARE AND VALUABLE GEMS Mexican agate slices and various cuff link to 20 cabochons) $6.15 including tax, Among rocks which crystallize into preforms. Slabs and findings. Earring postpaid in U.S.A. Elliott Gem & Mineral strange and beautiful forms which make size tumbled turquoise $8 pound, larger Shop, 235 E. Seaside Blvd., Long Beach them desirable and valuable, is staurolite, size $1 ounce. Price list. Golden West Gem 2, California. familiarly known as Fairy Stone Crosses, Co., 7355 Lankershim Blvd., North Hol- and sometimes called staurotide. lywood, California. GEMS A-PLENTY: Beautiful baroque gems, large variety, tumbled polished all over, It is a silicate of quite complex compo- JACK IS BACK and as a starter offers 12 $10.00 for one pound (about 100 stones). sition, containing aluminum and iron, with pounds of beautiful mineral specimens 10 lbs. of top grade gemstone prepaid for water chemically combined. It crystallizes $8 prepaid. Write for new lists. Jack $7.00. Wholesale price to dealers on ba- in the orthorhombic system and always is The Rockhound, P.O. Box 245, Carbon- roque gems and gemstone in the rough. found in metamorphic rocks, especially dale, Colorado. Satisfaction guaranteed on every sale. schists. San Fernando Valley Gem Co., 5905 Staurolite's hardness is 7 to 7.5, its color HAVE REAL FUN with desert gems, Kester Ave., Van Nuys, California. is dark brown and specific gravity 3.6 to minerals and rocks. The rockhound's 3.7. This mineral is quite prone to crystal- how-to-do-it magazine tells how. One lize in twin form resulting in crosses of year (12 issues) only $3.00. Sample 25c. OPALS AND Sapphires direct from Austra- various forms, which enhance their value Gems and Minerals, Dept. J10, Palmdale, lia. Special — this month's best buy: as good luck charms, religious emblems and California. Rough Australian Gem Stones; six opals, jewelry. When secured in situ, these crosses three black star sapphires, three blue generally are covered with a softer material FOR SALE: Beautiful purple petrified wood sapphires; three zircons; three garnets. which is filed away, leaving the harder with uranium, pyrolusite, manganite. Nice All 18 stones for $18. Free airmailed. staurolite in its lovely form. Often, in pre- sample $1.00 Postage. Maggie Baker, Send personal check, international money paring these stones for use or for sale, they Box 7, Hackberry, Arizona. order, bank draft. Free 16 page list of are first cleaned and then soaked in linseed all Australian Gemstones. Australian oil, after which they are carefully heated ROCKHOUNDS! CRAFTSMEN! Exciting Gem Trading Co., 49 Elizabeth Street, until the oil is carbonized, allowing the news! Folder containing over 16 designs Melbourne, Australia. of Soderless Silver Jewelry; with instruc- stones to be polished with a higher brown tions for making earrings, pendants, luster. Staurolites are more often opaque, bracelets. All with stones. Only a few MINNESOTA AGATE (Lake Superior) but occasionally some are found which are tools and supplies required. Write for rough baroque material—Small, $1.35 lb.; translucent and quite valuable.—El Paso, folder and make your own Christmas Medium, $1.75 lb.; Large, $2.25 lb. Rough Texas, Rockhounds' The Voice gifts. $1.00 postpaid. Dills-Gould, Box cabochon material—V^'-Wi", $2.75 lb.; 87, St. Helena, California. Larger, $3.25 lb. Slices, 35c sq. in. Free Minnesota Staurolites with order. Post- All transparent minerals slow down the CHRISTMAS SPECIAL—Dangle type, ear- paid. Superior Agates, 1697 N. Cleve- passage of light to a definite speed — one rings $2.00 per pair. Necklace—5 stones land, St. Paul 13, Minnesota. which is characteristic of that mineral. A $3.00. Bracelet 7 stones $5.00. All these diamond, for example, will reduce light to are in rhodium plated findings and the OPEN 8 A.M. TO 5 P.M. Monday through the speed of 77,000 miles per second. Nor- stones are highly polished, well matched Friday. Other hours by appointment or mal light travels at 186,000 miles per sec- black (apache tears). Order separately when home. Residence back of shop. ond. Thus, 186,000 divided by 77,000 gives or the whole set for $9.00 in gift box. Mile west on U.S. 66. McShan's Gem us the true refraction index of a diamond— Postpaid, including all taxes. Ruthcliff, Shop, Box 22, Needles, California. 2.41. Spinel checks light speed to 110,000 45008 N. Elm Av., Lancaster. California. miles per second making its refraction index 1.69.—Border Braggin' FIRE AGATE—ground to show the fire, ANOTHER SPECIAL—Cuff links in agate you finish it. $2, $3 and $5 each. B&H or Jasper. Stones well matched, 20x25 Rock Shop, Box 537, Granbury, Texas. mm. Makes good, reasonable priced gift The surface appearance of howlite has from the desert. $2.00 per pair in gift been compared to that of small cauliflower box postpaid, including all taxes. State ROCKS—opposite West End Air Base, ag- heads. This mineral is found in desert bo- preference of agate or jasper. Pastel col- ate, woods, minerals, books, local infor- rax deposits and no crystals are visible on ors. Order early for best selections. Ruth- mation. Ironwood Rock Shop, Highway specimens discovered in western United cliff, 45008 N. Elm Ave., Lancaster, Cal. 60-70 West of Blythe, California. States. Howlite has a solid, compact mass without marked structure. It is white with 15 CABINET size mineral specimens for COLORADO MINERAL specimens, cut- a subvitreous or dull luster. It has a hard- $3.50 postpaid. From Northeast, South- ting and tumbling materials. Send 2 cent ness of 3.5 and is translucent to opaque.— east, Southwest or Central states. South- stamp for list and terms. Dealers please Siskiyou Gem eastern Mineral Co., Box 2234, Lakeland, write for wholesale list. John Patrick, Florida. Idaho Springs, Colorado. The degree of polish on a cabochon can BEAUTIFUL seven gem bracelet, specify easily be appraised by using a ping-pong gold, silver, with agate, rhodonite, or ball and a doctor's stethescope. Merely hold EARRINGS assorted stone drops. $3.00 pp. Santa the ball tightly over the end of the stethe- Cruz Mountain Gems, P.O. Box 924, Los scope and slowly rub it over the gem MIX OR MATCH Gatos, California. surface. Any chatter or scratch noises will be quite apparent. Try it with different KIT FLUORESCENT MINERALS two three polished surfaces to become more familiar Dozens of possible coloi ms? with the sounds made by each.—Mineralo- colors liberal chunk $1. Also rock crys- gist combinations. Kit includes ']..;.:•: : : : ^-y£'i^§;\^0^; tals. Bill Seman, Box 600, Clearlake one pair of pendant cages; :';->:;:i;yBl?;"fi#:-PdS- with ear screws and seven pairs of inter- Highlands, California. changeable settings in glowing gem colors: Turquoise • Jet • Coral • Amethyst • The usual unit of measurement for a Sapphire • Ruby ® Emerald. VISIT GOLD Pan Rock Shop. Beautiful jewel is the metric carat, a term derived Xo Skill or Tools Necessary sphere material, gems, mineral specimens, from the carob — a small oriental bean. «f AC postage and tax paid choice crystals, gem materials, jewelry, There are 141% carats to an ounce, 2268 *••*** (no C.O.D.s please) baroques, etc. Over 100 tons of material carats to a pound. A growing sentiment THE TRIBAL CRAFTSMEN to select from. John and Etta James, for dropping the terms "precious" and P.O. Box 5012 proprietors, 2020 N. Carson Street, Car- "semi-precious" and referring to all as gem- Phoenix, Arizona son City, Nevada. stones has been noted.—Border Braggin' DESERT MAGAZINE ufacturers, for those who wish to do a greater amount of drilling, and for com- mercial mass production. AMATEUR MM CUTTER • % * Two kinds of glass are generally used in By DR. H. C. DAKE, Editor of The Mineralogist the cheap imitations of gems (1) crown, window or bottle glass carrying iron and L. E. Bowser gives the following informa- is completed by the above technique. To titanium oxides as coloring agents, and (2) tion on gem drilling: countersink, slightly bevel the head of a flint or lead glass carrying lead oxides. The crown glasses are low in specific Most home gem cutters have one of the suitable size finishing nail, mount in chuck, and countersink the hole very slightly. This gravity, ranging from 2.53 to 2.57, unless a several types of hand grinders, like the large amount of iron oxide has been added Handee, or a drill press. Any of these can will make a nicely finished piece of work. The stone to be drilled should be firmly to produce a deep coloring thus causing the be readily adapted to drill gems, especially gravity to range from 2.66 to 2.75. The for the home gem cutter who is not inter- clamped into position below the drill. If the hole is drilled in the flat rough blank, lead glasses usually have a much higher ested in quantity work but in an occasional specific gravity, ranging from about 3.15 to drilling. then the blank may be readily held on a small board, or a table below the drill, using 4.15. Bowser uses a Handee drill with vertical an ordinary iron screw clamp. Stones that In all cases, the colored glasses will never stand and a foot reostat. As a drill, the head are drilled are usually heart or pendant show dichroism under the dichroscope. Un- is cut from a suitable gauge size finish- shapes, having rounded surfaces, and these, der the polariscope, or tested between two ing nail, and chucked with point up. The if drilled after being finished or shaped, may sheets of Polaroid, the glasses will always working point of the nail is filed to a flat, be cemented by dop wax to a small board appear and react the same as a natural gem resembling a screwdriver point. The average to enable clamping the stone in a rigid of the cubic crystal system. The only ex- size hole for gem drilling is about one milli- position. ception to this rule is in the case of a speci- meter (about 1/25 inch). Any gauge fin- If the flat blank is clamped to a metal men of glass which may be under strain. It ishing nail may be dressed down to this ap- surface, a thin piece of leather may be may then present a pseudo anisotropic ap- proximate diameter, using a file held against placed under the stone. The leather will pearance which can be readily detected with the nail while running in the chuck. prevent the work from sliding, and gives a little practice and experience. Any thick He uses 220 grit silicon carbide mixed a breakthrough surface for the drill as it mass of glass, like a glass bottle stopper is with a small amount of "wet-lube," one of emerges from the completed hole. Another likely to show strain structure when viewed the numerous so-called "wetting" agents in advantage in drilling the hole in the flat between two sheets (by rotating) of pola- wide commercial use. The concentrated so- blank, is that it will be found easier to roid. lution you buy to mix with the water to make the hole straight. wash your car is one of these new wetting The term "paste" gem is generally applied The matter of speed of the drill will be to the better grades of lead glass, and these agents and added to the silicon carbide readily found by a little practice and ex- seems to aid greatly in the drilling, since are also known as strass glass. Gem glasses perience. Some types of gem materials will may be manufactured in a wide range of the surface tension of the water is changed, drill better with slower speeds, others re- thus enabling the grit to work to better ad- refractive index, from about 1.4 to 1.68. quire higher speeds. If your drill is fitted :;: :[: ft vantage. with a speed control reostat, you will soon The grit is fed or kept at the point of learn the best speeds. In general gem drill- Iron jewelry is an interesting study in drilling. A small amount of soft wax or ing requires quite high speeds, for it will be itself, though one cannot call it beautiful. putty is built up around the point of cutting seen that no matter what the speed of revo- It consists of exquisitely fine castings after to keep the grit where it is most effective. lution might be, the peripheral speed of the most intricate designs, entirely carried out Good steady pressure of the drill against drill at its center will be practically nil. in iron. Iron jewelry was popular during the work is indicated as is raising and The nail drill technique suggested here the earlier part of the 19th century, at a lowering the drill at intervals to permit grit is offered primarily for the home gem cut- time when gold was scarce due to numer- to enter the hole after it has been sunk for ter who may wish at times to drill a few ous wars. Some of the finest pieces were a short distance. After about five minutes gems in an economical manner. There are presented by the Prussian Government to of drilling it is advisable to refile the point many excellent special gem drilling machines those ladies who gave up their gold orna- of nail drill. offered by various lapidary equipment man- ments for the sake of the Fatherland. According to Bowser it takes about 12 minutes to sink a hole through 3/16 inches of jade, and about 10 minutes for the same thickness of agate. Diamond grit or 100 or 200 grit Norbide (Norton Company) will r greatly reduce the cutting time, and would CuttmFASL. be an advantage where a considerable num- ber of holes are to be drilled. For Low Original Cost/ specify Felker RIM- For commercial work, the mounted dia- Cut'Em 2M007H1 LOCK!... standard of the lapidary industry. mond or diamond Sintered points are far Rugged, speedy and gives excellent service for faster and much more economical for mass a modest investment. Available in copper or production. Attention is called to the fact steel, diameters 3 inches through 36 inches. that these commercial mounted diamond point drills should be used according to instructions. They are a delicate, precision tool and are not intended to stand reckless handling and abuse. For Long Life and Extra Fast Cuts, specify To do a neat job of drilling a hole in a Felker KIMBERLEY! Costs more but makes gem, slightly countersink the hole after it up for the difference in unusually long life I Metal bond rim gets the most use from every diamond particle! Fastest cutting lapidary BLANK MOUNTINGS blade on the market!

for Felker Model DH-1 -A AGATE JEWELRY l»'s EASIER with Felker Di-Met RIM- lapidary saw that operates WHOLESALE LOCK and KIMBERLEY DIAMOND like a circular saw! Blade BLADES! Developed by lapidists for dips into coolant stored in Rings — Ear Wires — Tie Chains lapidists...designed especially for extra aluminum base...can't run cutting speed and economical life 1 For dry! Includes rip and angle Cuff Links — Neck Chains a quicker look inside your rocks, you fences. Uses 6 inch or 8 Bezel — devices — Shanks can always depend upon Felker per- inch Rimlock or Kimberley Solder — Findings formance ! blades. Other machines Send stamp for price list No. 4 available. COLOR FILM AVAILABLE J For Club and Society programs request O. R. JUNKJNS strip film, "Diamond Mining in So. FELKER MANUFACTURING CO. 754 N.W. Alpine St. - P.O. Box 1233 Africa" with 33% long-play record. Torrance, California NEWPORT, OREGON World's largest manufacturer of diamond abrasive cut-off blades and equipment.

NOVEMBER, 1956 ween 7If on an

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By RANDALL HENDERSON DESERT READER writes to ask if we have any The Congressional committee on Interior and Insular information as to the origin of the Mystic Maze Affairs made quite an exhaustive study of Army, Navy on the California mesa near Highway 66 between and Air Force operations in the West, and issued this Needles and Topock. note of warning: The answer to that question was contained in a letter written to Touring Topics Magazine (predecessor of West- "The program for the defense of our nation's ways) in January, 1933, by H. W. Dennis, a Los Angeles human and natural resources should not, and must engineer. not, be so conducted as to destroy the very resources it is aimed at preserving." Actually, the mysterious maze was a by-product in the construction of the Topock bridge across the Colorado "Destroy" is the proper word, for land once used for by the Santa Fe railroad in the early 1880s. The construc- bombing and target purposes, if not permanently made tion men needed great quantities of broken rock for the unfit for human habitation will at least be unsafe for concrete caissons. They found it was cheaper to scrape restoration to the public domain for another generation. up and screen the coarse gravel on the nearby mesa than That is why it is important that the public be aroused over to operate a rock-crusher. They used a fresno scraper for the seriousness of the seizures. the operation, and this explains the tiny parallel windrows of gravel which extend across many acres of the mesa's surface. The details of the operation were explained in 1891 in a report published by the American Society of On the Hopi mesas in northern Arizona there is re- Civil Engineers. curring evidence of a factional clash between the older and younger generations of tribesmen. At one time the California Highway department marked the area with a sign: Prehistoric Indian Maze. For many centuries the Hopi tribesmen have lived a When the facts became known this sign was changed to quiet, peaceful existence based on agriculture and crafts The Rock Maze. work. So peaceful are these people that once when Apache raiders were coming too often to rob their gran- It is an interesting relic of the trail-blazing days on the aries, they induced Tewa warriors from the Rio Grande desert frontier, and as such deserves to be preserved, as pueblos to move in and guard the gateway to their villages. the civic-minded people of Needles are proposing to do. * * * Today younger members of the Hopi tribe are going out into the white man's world and returning with ideas The ways of humans are quite beyond the ken of my that would change the traditional Hopi way of life. simple mind. For instance I have been reading in the metropolitan newspapers about the delegation of high- It is not for you or me to say which generation is right pressure salesmen sent East recently by Los Angeles to —the elders or the young people. Certainly there is much of virtue in the customs and beliefs of the old people. They try to induce more industry to come to Southern California. are honest, loyal to family and friends, faithful to their With its traffic all snarled up; its air so polluted it is gods, and always diligent workers. They are good people, threatened with a major disaster; a water supply so inade- either by their own or the white man's code. quate it is now drawing from the Rocky Mountain water- shed and trying to borrow more from the Feather River Their tragedy is that they live in a world where in Northern California; its gardens and orchards and change is one of the basic laws of the universe. It is easy vineyards being plowed up for more subdivisions—still for people to accept changes in the physical world—new it is asking for more factories and people and traffic con- styles in clothing and housing and the gadgets of a gestion and air pollution. machine age. But how difficult it is to change long estab- To me, it doesn't make sense. Or, am I wrong? lished religious beliefs and the codes of life which deter- mine conduct and manners! * * * Somehow the Hopi will reconcile their differences. Nell Murbarger's story in last month's Desert Maga- We can only hope that if the younger members of the zine revealing the many injustices which will result from tribe are to adopt some of the white man's ideas, they the Navy's proposed two million acre landgrab in north- will also understand and accept his ideals—that before western Nevada, has brought many letters from readers they discard the gods of their fathers they will acquire a who share the indignation of Nevada people over the reverence for the Deity of the white man. For it is better land seizures of the armed forces. to have faith in the wrong gods than to have no faith at all. 46 DESERT MAGAZINE Bleeker admirably sets the record straight. William Morrow & Co. of New York, publisher. Pueblos: Illustrated by Patricia Boodell, 155 pages with FRONTIER OFFICER HARKEY'S the Spaniards; the Apache raided their index, $2.00. Apaches: Illustrated by AUTOBIOGRAPHY IS UNIQUE enemies because it was as much a part Althea Karr 157 pages with index, of gaming a livelihood as hunting deer. $2.00. As long as literate man inhabits this At home the Pueblo Indian was a hard continent, it can be said with a fair worker, courteous, ceremonious; the degree of certainty that the taming of Books reviewed on this page are Apache was a fun lover, story teller and available at Desert Crafts Shop the Wild West will be a favorite read- generous of his time. ing subject. Palm Desert, California And now comes the saga of Dee Young people too often tend to re- Add three percent sales tax on orders Harkey, peace officer in western Texas gard Southwest Indians as wild, blood- to be sent to California and New Mexico from 1882 (when he thirsty nomads forever brooding over Write for complete catalog of was 15) to 1911. Fifty times in his the loss of their hunting grounds. Miss Southwestern hooks life he was the target of ruthless gun- toters of the western frontier — men who were, as he calls his autobiogra- phy, Mean as Hell. Harkey is not as well known as Outstanding Books on other frontier peace officers, notably Earp and Garrett, but in a way this gives the book a unique value. Here is the life story of an average DEATH VALLEY lawman told in his own unpolished words; a courageous citizen with a Here is the most complete selection of books on Death Valley ever family and, in his earlier days, a job offered to readers. The fascinating Valley of Death's many facets are ex- as a butcher; sharing the dreams and plored and explained in these volumes—from the hardships of pioneer times aspirations of most of the people to the pleasures of today's winter playground. around him. G12 DEATH VALLEY, American Guide the University of Southern California, In He was no fool-headed hero. When Series. History, motor tours, illustra- language the layman can understand, of that he could make a decent deal for the tions and map. - $2.50 fascinating area. Illus., paper $1.50 good of the community with the out- D9 DEATH VALLEY, The Facts, W. A. D40 THE MANLY MAP AND THE MANLY Chalfant. Standard handbook, again in STORY, Ardis M. Walker. One of the law element, he made it. When some- print. Geography, climatology, water, geol- epics of southwestern history: that of the one threatened to blow his head off, ogy, mining, plant and animal life. End- heroic struggle of Wm. Lewis Manly and maps, photos. Paper cover $1.95 John Rogers and their companions through he did not strap on his guns and walk Death Valley. Reproduction of their map. down a dusty street for a rendezvous 1)27 LOAFING ALONG DEATH VALLEY Paper $1.00 TRAILS, William Caruthers. From a 1)41 DEATH VALLEY IN '49, William Lewis with fate — he sent a friend to talk store of excellent material gained through Manly. Written in his own words, the 25 years on Death Valley Trails, this is "a classic of Death Valley crossing; the day-by- things over with the irritated citizen. personal narrative of people and places," of day amazing account of how Manly and his such people as Shorty Harris, Charles Brown party survived innumerable hardships. Pho- Nor was Harkey an unbending and many others. Illus., 186 pp... $4.25 tos, map $6.50 moralist who could neither forgive a DS0 SHADOW OP THE ARROW, Dr. Mar- A34 INDIANS OF DEATH VALLEY, Lydia man his past mistakes nor refrain from garet Long. New edition of the story Clements. Fine report on the archeol- of those valiant men and women who crossed ogy combined with the geology of Death drawing a sharp line between the West's Death Valley in 1849. Brilliant research re- Valley. Drawings of artifacts. 23 pp $ .75 port. 345 pp. Ulus $5.00 good and bad. He was aware that H57 DEATH VALLEY SCOTTY TOLD ME, Eleanor Jordon Houston. Here is Death there is some good and some bad in D33 DEATH VALLEY, Ansel Adams. A 56- Valley Scotty as his friends knew him. Re- every human, and that disapproval of page condensed pictorial edition for ported conversations while Mrs. Houston's those who would cover fabulous Death Val- husband was a Park Ranger in Death Val- a man's code of conduct was not al- ley's history and scenic wonders in two ley. Paper-bound, lithographed photos. 106 hours' reading time. Excellent photographs PP. $1.25 ways a good reason for despising the by Adams, with history guide points and map by four associates. Paper $2.50 H71 DEATH VALLEY TALES. A Death man. Valley '49er publication. Nine writers D36 DEATH VALLEY HEROINE, L. Burr have written true chapters from the drama- Published by University of New Belden. Tribute to, and story of, Mrs. crammed past of the Death Valley region. Juliet Brier, member of the memorable Jay- 59 pp. paper $1.00 Mexico Press; line drawings by Gene hawker party in their "shortcut" to Califor- nia, including her recollections of Christmas H73 20 MULE TEAM DAYS IN DEATH Roberts; 233 pages with index; $3.00. Day, 1849. 78 pp - $4.00 VALLEY, Harold O. Weight. Story of the most colorful episode in western mining 1)38 WESTERN MEN AND DESERT GOLD, history, as revealed by the old-timers, and Lee Early and Aim Morhard. Stories, from the records of the period. Map and songs, and poems of Death Valley region. photos. 36 pp. Paper $ .75 Written "from the inside out" by two men PUEBLO, APACHE INDIANS who understand and know the desert and H75 DEATH VALLEY SCOTTY RIDES mining. Paper __ $1.00 AGAIN. Earl C. Driskill. Scotty's stories, SUBJECTS OF JUNIOR BOOKS just as he told them, written by a man who D39 GEOLOGICAL STORY OF DEATH was close to the fabulous Death Valley Anthropologist Sonia Bleeker has VALLEY, Thomas Clements. Written by character during his last years. A salty written several books for the Morrow the head of the Department of Geology at book. 59 pp. photos. Paper $1.00 Junior Books series on "American In- dian Tribes." Two of that series are of interest to Southwest readers, The Please order by key number and title Pueblo Indians and The Apache Indi- California purchasers add three percent sales tax ans, The hard facts of life are not ignored in either work as is so often done in DESERT CRAFTS SHOP juvenile works by writers who under- estimate the ability of youngsters to PALM DESERT CALIFORNIA think. The Pueblos were sacked by

NOVEMBER, 1956 47 To Gem Fields • Lost Treasure Areas • Ghost Towns • For MOPS Hiking and Exploration • For Travel in the Desert Country The maps published each month in Desert Magazine are accurate guides to the places you will want to visit. Over 400 of these maps have appeared in past issues of Desert. Many of these back issues are still available. Here is a classified list—at a special price.

LOST TREASURE—4 of them with maps ROCK HUNTERS—Maps with all of them Jun. '46—Agate, chalcedony, etc., Arizona. MAP Sep. '50—Silver Mine of the Old Apata Indians. Jul. '46—Minerals at Calico. MAP Oct. '50—Gold Pockets in the Santa Rosas. Jul. '49—Sandspikes on the border. MAP Nov. '50—Lost Silver Mine of the Jesuits. Aug. '50—Gem Field Near 29 Palms. MAP Dec. '50—Lost Silver in Monument Valley. Sep. '50—Apache Tears in Nevada. MAP Jul. '51—Lost Loma Gold. Oct. '50—Crystal Calcite in California. MAP Aug. '51—Cave of the Golden Sands. Jun. '51—Rocks of the Ages—In Utah. MAP Oct. '51—Lost Ledge of the Sheep Hole Mtns. MAP Jul. '51—On Black Rock Desert Trails. MAP Nov. '51—Buried Treasure of the Chiricahuas. MA I' Aug. '51—Where Turquoise Was Mined. MAP Jul. '52—Lost Mine with the Iron Door. Oct. '51—Geodes in Lizard Gulch. MAP Aug. '52—Lost Gold of the Vampire Bats. Nov. '51—Cave of the Crystal Snowbanks. MAP Sep. '52—Lost Lead of Santa Clara. MAP Apr. '52—Garnets Aplenty at Stanley. MAP Oct. '52—Lost Pima Indian Gold. May '52—Beauty in Those Ancient Pebbles. MAP Nov. '52—Lost Silver Ledge of Santa Catarina Jun. '52—Petrified Wood Along Butterfield Trail. MAP Dec. '52—Troopers' Lost Gold. Jul. '52—Agate Hunting Along the Gila. MAP Jan. '53—Lost Treasure of Carreta Canyon Aug. '52—Black Agate in Milky Wash. MAP Feb. '53—Quest for the Peralta Gold Dec. '52—We Explored an Old Nevada Lake Bed. MAP Mar. '53—Gold Behind a Waterfall Mar. '53—Ghost Town Prospector. MAP Apr. '53—Lost Treasure of Sonoyta. MAP. Apr. '53—There's Color in the Old Placer Mines. MAP Jun. '53—Field Day in Muggins Hills. MAP TREASURE HUNTER'S SET. 18 Magazines. .. $3.00 Nov. '53—Agate-Seamed Butte at Bouse. MAP Dec. '53—Gem Stones in the Peloncillos. MAP TRAVEL, EXPLORATION—Maps with all of them Mar. '54—Field Day at Coon Hollow. MAP Apr. '54—Petrified Flotsam Along the Colorado. MAP Jun. '46—Hopi Trek to the Land of Big Water. MAP Jun. '54—Indian Jasper in the Whipples. MAP Jul. '46—Palm Hunters in the Inkopah Wastelands. Jul. '54—Jasper in Limestone Gulch. MAP MAP Aug. '54—Crystal Roses of Eldorado. MAP Jul. '49—On Hassayampa Trails. MAP Oct. '54—Gem Hill on the Mojave. MAP Aug. '50—When Hopis Dance for Rain. MAP Nov. '54—Nature's Tumbled Gems at Pisgah. MAP Sep. '50—Bscalante River Trip. MAP Dec. '54—Gem Hunting with a Nevada Prospector. Oct. '50—Forgotten Trails of the Old West. MAP MAP Nov. '50—Sacred Mountain of the Tribesmen. MAI" Order as Many of the Above Issues as You Wish Dec. '50—Gold and Roses on Garces' Trail. MAP ROCK HUNTER'S SET, 30 Magazines $5.00 Jun. '51—Trail of the 57 Shrines. MAP Jul. '51—We Camped with the Pai Pal. MAP GHOST TOWNS—Maps with 10 of them. Oct. '51—Trail to Hawkeye Natural Bridge. MAP Jul. '46—Ghost Town of Calico Hills. MAP Nov. '51—Cave of the Crystal Snowbanks. MAP Aug. '51—So They Built Ft. Bowie. MAP Apr. '52—Valley of Thundering Water. MAP Nov. '52—Ghost of Baxter Mountain. MAP May '52—Goblins in Flame Colored Stone. MAP Feb. '53—Ghost Fortress in New Mexico. MAP Jun. '52—Murray Canyon is a Challenge. MAP Jul. '53—Man Who Bought a Ghost Town. MAP Jul. '52—Tribesmen of Santa CaUirina. MAP Oct. '53—Silver Strike at IJelmont. MAP Oct. '52—Glen Canyon Voyage. MAP Dec. '53—When Trooper* fame to \>v:wln. MAP Apr. '53—The Ancients Were Here. MAP Jan. '54—Golden Ghost of the Nevada Hills. MAP Aug. '53—Historic Pass of the Wind River. MAP May '54—Nevada Ghost Town. MAP Nov. '53—We Climbed Telescope Peak. MAP Aug. '54—The Ghost That Refuses to Die. Dec. '53—Graveyard of the Dinosaurs. MAP Dec. '54—Old Fort Schellbourne. MAP Jan. '54—Through the Narrows to Zion. MAP Sep. '55—Night in a Ghostly Castle. Apr. '54—Trail to Keynot Summit. MAP GHOST TOWN SET. 12 Magazines $2.00 May '54—We Climbed an Old Volcano. MAP Jun. '54—Seri Indians of the Gulf of California. MAP COMPLETE YOUR FILES Oct. '54—Boatride in Desolation Canyon. MAP All back iscvet of Desert Magazine are now available except Dec. '54—Atop Nevada's Highest Peak. MAP Volume 1, Number 1, published in November, 1937. When some Jan. '55—They're Finding Paydirt on the Colorado of the issues were exhausted, we bought them back from the owners, and for these we charge from 25c to $2.00 each, according Plateau. MAP to what we paid for them. All others are available at the regular Feb. '55—Cattle Ranch Among the Palms. MAP single copy price. If you'll send us a list of the copies you need Mar. '55—Camper's Tour of Mexico. MAP to complete your files we will advise you as to the cost. Binders, each holding 12 copies, are available for all back volumes. TRAVEL AND EXPLORATION SET. 30 Mags. $5.00

Many of the above magazines are newsstand returns, but all of them are complete and in good condition. The supply of some issues is limited, and we reserve the privilege of substituting other copies which include maps of the same general subject.

Order as Many of the Above Issues as You Wish Magazines may be ordered by specifying month One Copy 25c; Six for $1.00; 12 for $2.00 and year only, or by sets The entire set of 44 different magazines for $6.00 LOOSE LEAF BINDERS FOR PERMANENT THE FILING WILL BE SUPPLIED FOR $2.00 EACH 2W*t: Each binder has space for 12 copies PALM DESERT, CALIFORNIA