Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005

MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO SCHEDULED WASTES

1 CONTENTS

Impact of Toxic and Hazardous Wastes

Definition and Characteristics of Scheduled Wastes

Principles in Scheduled Wastes Management

2 IMPACT OF TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS WASTES

3 WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS WASTES ARE NOT PROPERLY MANAGED?

4 POLLUTION TO THE ENVIRONMENT

. River, sea, groundwater polluted.

. Fish/ aquatic life/ marine life affected.

. Drinking water source polluted.

. Aesthetic value affected.

5 HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS

 Water-borne and air-borne diseases, contaminated soil.  Miscarriage.  Cancer.  Internal organs damage.

6 INCREASE IN CLEAN-UP AND DISPOSAL COSTS o Increase in cost for the clean-up of toxic wastes. o Increase in cost for the disposal of toxic wastes.

7 EXAMPLES OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES ADMISSION INTO HUMAN & ENVIRONMENT

8 INCIDENT OF DISPOSAL OF TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS WASTE

MINAMATA POISONUOUS MERCURY INCIDENT–Year 1956

. Organic forms of mercury such as methyl mercury having caused hundreds of cases of paralysis and sensory loss along Minamata Bay in Japan.

. Methyl mercury from chemical plant was discharged to the waterway since 1932 and then bio-accumulated in shellfish and taken up in the food chain of community.

INCIDENT OF DISPOSAL OF TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS WASTE

TOXIC WATES CONTAMINATION- LOVE CANAL,NEW YORK,USA 1940’s to 1950’s

. Illegal disposal of toxic wastes (buried).

. School and housing were built on top of the disposal site.

. Severe health problems affected school children and residents.

10 Houses built over a chemical dumpsite in Love Canal, New York, U.S.A.

INCIDENT OF DISPOSAL OF TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS WASTE

Malaysian Cases o In March 1995, 41 drums of Potassium Cyanide (KCN) from a Penang chemical firm was found dumped on Pangkor Island. o In June 2004, 12,000 tons of toxic wastes from Taiwan was found at a brick making factory in Johor. o In January 2006, ammonia leaked from 300 tonnes of aluminium oxide wastes illegally dumped in Labis, Johor.

12 Illegal Dumping of Aluminium Dross Kangkar Tebrau, Johor Bahru

13 INCIDENT OF DISPOSAL OF TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS WASTE

MALAYSIA

1 4 DEFINITION OF WASTE AND SCHEDULED WASTE

15 TOXIC AND SCHEDULED HAZARDOUS = WASTE WASTE (in Malaysia)

16 DEFINITION OF WASTE

“waste” includes any matter prescribed to be scheduled waste, or any matter whether in a solid, semi-solid or liquid form, or in the form of gas or vapour which is emitted, discharged or deposited in the environment in such volume, composition or manner as to cause pollution. (Environmental Quality Act, 1974)

17 DEFINITION OF SCHEDULED WASTE

"scheduled wastes” means any water prescribed by the Minister in the regulations as scheduled wastesal; (Environmental Quality Act,1974)

"scheduled wastes" means any waste falling within the categories of waste listed in the First Schedule; (Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005

18 SCHEDULED WASTES CHARACTERISTICS

SCHEDULED WASTES CHARACTERISTICS

reactive infectious ignitable corrosive toxic

smg 20 IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF SCHEDULED WASTES

IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF SCHEDULED WASTES

• Procedure of determining whether a specific IDENTIFICATION? waste from an industrial source or process is scheduled waste.

• Procedure used to specify the CLASSIFICATION? classification of waste and wastes code

IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF SCHEDULED WASTES

The identification of scheduled wastes can be made through:-

Source of waste generated. Types of process/ activities. Physical and chemical compositions of the waste. Content/ element. MSDS – Material Safety Data Sheet dan CSDS – Chemical Safety Data Sheet (of the raw materials used)

23 Examples of MSDS/CSDS

24 THE SOURCE OF THE WASTE

 At the source of generation of the waste, it can be identified whether the production process or activity uses materials that may contain any hazardous element or compound.

25 THE TYPE OF PROCESS/ACTIVITY

In the production process or activity it can be identified whether input materials will undergo physical, chemical or biological reaction which may generate hazardous material or by-product.

26 THE BASIC PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE WASTE o By reviewing the input materials and the physical, chemical and biological production processes, the likely type of waste generated and their properties can be identified.

27 PRINTING INDUSTRY

EXAMPLE

28 IDENTIFICATION OF SCHEDULED WASTES

INPUT PROCESSES OUTPUT MATERIALS MATERIALS

REAGENTS

PHYSICAL, PHYSICAL, PRODUCTS B CHEMICAL CHEMICAL

OR OR C BIOLOGICAL BIOLOGICAL BY-PRODUCT

WASTES WASTES (LIQUID, SOLID, (LIQUID, SOLID, SLUDGE & GASES SLUDGE & GASES) 29 LIST OF SCHEDULED WASTES

Scheduled wastes are listed in the First Schedule, Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) 2005, Environmental Quality Act, 1974.

4 groups/categories of scheduled wastes:- SW 1 Metal and metal-bearing wastes SW 2 Wastes containing principally inorganic constituents which may contain metals and organic materials SW 3 Wastes containing principally organic constituents which may contain metals and inorganic materials SW 4 Wastes which may contain either inorganic or organic constituents SW 5 Other wastes

77 types of scheduled wastes 30 LIST OF SCHEDULED WASTES

Scheduled wastes described in the First Schedule are based on the following:

Names of materials, chemicals or wastes Metals, elements, compounds or constituents present in the wastes Types of processes Usage and application Contamination Activity

Thus, scheduled wastes can be generated from many activities 31 AUTOMOTIVE WORKSHOP INDUSTRY

Automobile Workshop Activities

Scheduled wastes generated: • Used engine oil • Oily waste Changing Oil • Spent Lubricant • Mixture of oil & water Air Conditioning Servicing oil Fuel Injection Service Clutch Repair • Spent Hydraulic • e-Wastes Transmission Repair oil Differential and Transaxle • Spent Coolant • Paint wastes Services Computer Diagnostics • Asbestos wastes • Flux wastes Factory Required • Used oil filter • Contaminated rag, Maintenance cloth, etc. Tune-Ups Shock and Struts • Spent acid • Wastes of catalyst Front End Work solution Custom Exhaust - Muffler • Spent solvent • Contaminated Catalytic Converter containers

Electronic Industry

SW 110 •Waste from electrical and electronic assemblies containing components such as accumulators, mercury- switches, glass from cathode-ray tubes and other activated glass or polychlorinated biphenyl- capacitors, or contaminated with cadmium, mercury, lead, nickel, chromium, copper, lithium, silver, manganese or polychlorinated biphenyl

33 Oil and Gas Industry

Sludge from Oil contaminated Tar or tarry mineral oil earth from re- residues from oil refining of used refinery or storage tank lubricating oil petrochemical plant

Oily sludge Oil tanker Oil or sludge from oil refinery plant sludges maintenance operation Hospital/Clinical- Service Industry

SW 404 Pathogenic wastes, clinical wastes or quarantined materials

SW403 Discarded drugs containing psychotropic substances or containing substances that are toxic, harmful, carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic

BASED ON “NAMES OF MATERIALS, CHEMICALS OR WASTES”

SW101 : Waste containing arsenic or its compound

BASED ON “METALS, ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS OR CONSTITUENTS PRESENT IN THE WASTES”

SW204: Sludges containing one or several metals including chromium, copper, nickel, zinc, lead, cadmium, aluminium, tin, vanadium and beryllium 37

BASED ON “TYPES OF PROCESS”

SW405: Waste arising from the preparation and production of pharmaceutical product

BASED ON “USAGE AND APPLICATION”

SW305: SW429: Chemicals that are Spent lubricating oil discarded or off-specification

BASED ON “CONTAMINATION”

SW408: Contaminated soil, debris or matter resulting from cleaning-up of a spill of chemical, mineral oil or scheduled wastes

BASED ON “ACTIVITY”

SW409: Disposed containers, bags or equipment contaminated with chemicals, pesticides, mineral oil or scheduled wastes 41 BASIC PROPERTIES OF SCHEDULED WASTE

The physical properties of the waste can be observed through its:

 Appearance and nature.  Odour and smell.  Release of any vapour, fume or smoke.  Phase – solid, liquid or gas.  Presence of oil and grease (oily).  Colour – brown, black, gray, green, etc.  Form (texture & shape) – fine, coarse, soft, hard, gravel, crystal, shiny, sandy, powdery, dusty, granular.  Wet & dry conditions.

BASIC PROPERTIES OF SCHEDULED WASTE

PHASE FORM EXAMPLES

Solid Granular Spent catalyst Sludge IETS Sludge/Paint sludge

Cylindrical Waste of batteries Fabric/textile Contaminated rags Tablet/capsule Discarded drugs

Gravel/sandy Contaminated soil Pieces E-waste

BASIC PROPERTIES OF SCHEDULED WASTE

SOLID FORM

PIECES GRANULAR SLUDGE Electrical and electronic Spent catalyst IETS sludge/ paint sludge wastes (e-waste)

44 BASIC PROPERTIES OF SCHEDULED WASTE

SOLID FORM

CYLINDRICAL FABRIC/TEXTILE TABLET/CAPSULE Waste of batteries Contaminated rags Discarded drugs

45 BASIC PROPERTIES OF SCHEDULED WASTE

continued…

PHASE FORM EXAMPLES

Liquid Viscous Spent lubricating oil Clear/ Spent solvent/spent acid transparent Cloudy/turbid •Spent coolant •Spent oil/water emulsion

Slurry Waste of ink, waste of paint

46 BASIC PROPERTIES OF SCHEDULED WASTE

LIQUID FORM

VISCOUS CLEAR/TRANSPARENT Spent lubricating oil Spent solvent/spent acid

47 BASIC PROPERTIES OF SCHEDULED WASTE

LIQUID FORM

CLOUDY/ TURBID SLURRY Spent coolant Waste of ink, waste of paint Spent oil/water emulsion

48 SCHEDULED WASTES MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES IN MALAYSIA

49 Waste Management Hierarchy

Prevention/Reduction

Re-use

Recycling

Recovery

Recovery SPECIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

Pre Treatment: Incineration/PCT/Solidification

Disposal Landfilling Way Forward of Wastes Management Based Wastes Management Hierarchy

Prevention/Reduction

Re-use

Recovery Recycling

Recovery Way Forward – Scheduled Wastes Management “CRADLE TO GRAVE” PRINCIPLE Waste generator

Scheduled Waste Scheduled Waste

Off-site recovery of scheduled Waste wastes premise transporter

Waste transporter Disposal facility Waste transporter

SWM 30- Page REQUIREMENTDec-15 52 Way Forward – Scheduled Wastes Management “CRADLE TO CRADLE” PRINCIPLE

Waste generator Scheduled Waste Scheduled Waste

Off-site recovery of scheduled wastes premise Waste transporter

Residue Waste transporter Waste transporter

Disposal facility

SWMPage REQUIREMENT 53 WASTE MINIMIZATION

A waste generator shall take measures to reduce/ minimize the generation of scheduled wastes through the following methods:-

Usage of Commitment from Establish Waste environmentally the management Reduction Policy friendly raw materials

Apply the concept Improve quality of " waste Good control and process exchange" with monitoring housekeeping another plant

54 www.doe.gov.my