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Land Use Plan BILLINGS COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS BILLINGS COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN * * * * * * Ordinance Establishing the Billings County Environmental Planning & Review Process CHAPTER 1 Billings County Environmental Planning & Review Process Section I. Intent ........................................................................................................................1 Section II. Environmental Policy...............................................................................................2 Section III. Objectives ................................................................................................................2 Section IV. Joint Planning...........................................................................................................3 A. Joint Environmental Planning ..................................................................................3 B. Environmental Documentation ................................................................................4 C. Environmental Assessment ......................................................................................5 D. Environmental Impact Statement .............................................................................5 Section V. Implementation of the Environmental Planning & Review Process .....................11 CHAPTER 2 The Legal Framework for the Billings County Comprehensive Plan Section I. Introduction ............................................................................................................13 Section II. Billings County Planning Authority ......................................................................13 Section III. Dual Sovereignty & Dual Regulation on Federal Lands .......................................13 A. The Constitution & Federalism ..............................................................................13 B. Dual Sovereignty & Concurrent Regulations on Federal Lands ...........................14 Section IV. Billings County Planning Framework ...................................................................16 Section V. Billings County & the National Environmental Policy Act ...................................17 A. NEPA: Congressional Declaration of Policy .........................................................17 B. NEPA: Protection of Culture & Custom ................................................................17 C. Mandate to Federal Agencies Under NEPA ..........................................................18 D. Joint Environmental Planning Under NEPA .........................................................20 Section VI. U.S. Forest Service Land & Resource Management Planning ..............................21 Section VII. Bureau of Land Management Land and Resource Management Planning ...........................................................................................25 Section VIII. National Park Service Land and Resource Management Planning .......................25 Section IX. Conclusion .............................................................................................................27 i CHAPTER 3 Billings County Custom and Culture Section I. Culture and Custom ...............................................................................................28 A. Introduction ............................................................................................................28 B. The Origin of Billing County .................................................................................30 C. Theodore Roosevelt National Park ........................................................................30 D. Cultural Groups of Billings County .......................................................................30 E. The Custom of Oil and Gas Exploration and Development in Billings County ....31 F. The Custom of Livestock Grazing in Billings County ..........................................32 G. The Custom and Culture of Tourism in Billings County .......................................35 Section II. The Importance of Custom & Culture in Defining Community Stability .............36 CHAPTER 4 Billings County Community Stability Section I. Community Stability & Billings County Economy ...............................................39 A. The Economic Situation in Billings County ..........................................................40 B. The Energy Industry ..............................................................................................41 C. The Livestock Industry ..........................................................................................42 D. The Farming Industry ............................................................................................43 E. Tourism ..................................................................................................................43 Section II. Impacts on Billings County Community Stability .................................................44 A. Livestock Grazing ..................................................................................................44 B. National Park Service ............................................................................................45 C. Energy Industry ......................................................................................................45 D. Economic Trends in Billings County .....................................................................45 E. Social Impacts on Billings County ........................................................................46 F. Cultural Impacts .....................................................................................................46 G. Impacts on Property Rights & Interests .................................................................47 H. Impacts on Billings County Government & Local Schools...................................48 Section III. Billings County Economy & Community Stability ...............................................48 A. Billings County Economy & Economic Diversification .......................................48 B. Billings County Economic Resource Protection & Development Strategy ...........49 C. Billings County Desired Future Conditions ...........................................................49 CHAPTER 5 Implementation of Billings County’s Comprehensive Plan Section I. Organization ...........................................................................................................51 Section II. Structure & Responsibilities of the Commission and Their Appointees ...............51 ii Appendix 1 The Legal & Administrative Environment A. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ A1-1 B. FEDERAL LAWS & REGULATIONS & AFFECTED AGENCIES ............. A1-3 B.1 National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) ........................................ A1-5 B.1.1 NEPA: Congressional Declaration of Policy ............................ A1-5 B.1.2 NEPA: Protection of Custom & Culture ................................... A1-5 B.1.3 Compliance of Federal Agencies with NEPA .......................... A1-6 B.1.4 Mandate to Federal Agencies Under NEPA ............................. A1-7 B.2 U.S. Forest Service Land & Resource Planning/NEPA Processes ..... A1-10 B.3 U.S. Bureau of Land Management Land & Resource Planning/NEPA Processes ............................................................................................. A1-14 B.4 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Planning/NEPA Process ...................... A1-22 B.5 National Park Service & County Government Coordination ............. A1-22 C. COUNTY GOVERNMENT & MISCELLANEOUS FEDERAL LAWS, DIRECTIVES, & COURT DECISIONS ........................................................ A1-23 C.1 Clean Water Act .................................................................................. A1-23 C.2 Endangered Species Act ..................................................................... A1-25 C.2.1 Purpose & Listing Requirements Under the Endangered Species Act.............................................................................. A1-25 C.2.2 Threatened or Endangered Species Listing............................. A1-26 C.2.3 Designation of Critical Habitat ............................................... A1-26 C.2.4 Protective Regulations & Recovery Plans .............................. A1-27 C.2.5 Sensitive Species Program ...................................................... A1-27 C.2.6 County Government Participation Under the Endangered Species Act.............................................................................. A1-27 C.2.7 County Government Participation in the Species Listing & Critical Habitat Designation Process .................................. A1-27 C.2.8 County Government Participation in the Development of Recovery Plan ......................................................................... A1-27 C.3 National Trails System Act ................................................................. A1-29 C.4 Public Rangelands Improvement Act ................................................. A1-30 C.5 Wild Free-Roaming Horses & Burros Act.......................................... A1-30 C.6 Wild & Scenic Rivers Act C.7 Wilderness Act .................................................................................... A1-33 C.8 Federal Wildlife Jurisdiction............................................................... A1-36 C.9 Presidential Executive Order on Taking of Private Property
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