IJRBAT, Special Issue (2), Vol-V, July 2017 ISSN No. 2347-517X (Online)

Zooplankton Composition in Navegaonbandh Reservoir of Navegaon National Park Dist MS 1G.T. Paliwal, and 2 S.V. Bhandarkar Department of Zoology, S. S. Jaiswal College, Arjuni-Morgaon Dist. Gondia. 441701 MS Departme nt of Zoology, Manoharbhai Patel College of Arts, Com. & Scie nce, Deori. Dist. Gondia 441901 MS Corresponding Email: [email protected]

Abstract: To study Zooplankton composition in NavegaonbandhReservoir a total number of 24 samples are analyzed during a period of 24 months (during 2010-2012)., their relative abundance in both the sampling stations of the lake was emphasized. Zooplanktons were represented by 25 s pecies, and consisted of members from Rotifera (11), belonging to 5 families and 6 genera; Cladocera (11), belonging to 6 families and 9 genera; Ostracoda (01), and Copepoda (02). During both the years of study Cladocerans dominated the plankton population, and represented by 11 species (44%) of the total plankton population, followed by Rotifers with 11 species (44%), which found relatively in lesser numbers than that of the Cladocerans; while Copepods (8%) and Ostracods (4%), represented by 2 & 1 species respectively. In the present investigation, among the 11 species of Rotifers reported from both the sampling stations of the Lake during 2010 – 2012, Genus Brachionus is very common and is represented by 6 species, followed by one species each of Keratella, Lapadella, Asplanchna, Filinia and Rotaria. Key word: Zooplankton, Navegaonbandh, Qualitative analysis, Diversity

Introduction: the National Park cannot be thought or perce ived Rotifers, Cladocerans, Copepods and Ostracods without Navegaon Bandh.The Navegaon Bandh is constitute the major groups of zooplankton. They an impounded Fresh water lake having water occupy an interme diate position in the food web spread area of 11 Sq. km and max depth of 75 and mediate the transfer of e nergy from lower to feet. higher trophic levels (Waters, 1987). Be ing Zooplanktons:Zooplankton collection was done he terotrophic in nature, they play a key role in by using the conical net made from bolting silk cycling of organic materials in an aquatic cloth having mesh size approximately 64 µ. ecosystem (Gupta and Sharma, 2007). R.G.Michael (1966), after studying diurnal Zooplankton communities are typically dive rse rhythm of different constituents of Zooplankton and occur almost an all lakes and ponds and are has shown that ideal time for collection of highly sensitive to e nvironmental variation. Due Zooplankton is the time of sunset. Thus, a total to short life cycle, these communities often numbe r of 24 samples are analyzed during a respond quickly to e nvironmental change period of (2010-2012). (Sharma e t al., 2007). The phenomenon of Qualitative analysis:For this, the samples we re cultural eutrophication, siltation, predation, collected with the help of plankton net. Sweeps habitat destruction etc. excise drastic impact on were made in all directions in the littoral zone s, their community structure (Wanganeo, 2007). for the collection from open water; ne t was thrown Zooplanktons have great significance as pollution to some distance from periphe ral zone to the indicators. As a major e lement in the aquatic centre avoiding the macrophytes and solid biota, the zooplankton community often exhibits floating material. A six me ter rope is tied to the dramatic changes in response to the changes in hook of the ne t and it was thrown from the the physico-chemical properties of the aquatic periphery from defined depth of the pond. environment. Hence zooplankton fauna or Collected planktons was transferred to enamel zooplankton association can be used as useful tray, inside of the net was carefully washed so as means for the assessment of water pollution. The to collect any sticking planktons. Plankton was present pape r is the attempt to analyze the two prese rved in 4 % formalin and observed, ye ars (2010-2012) qualitative zooplankton photographed and identified under the Digi-2 Pro community structure. Labomed came ra. Detailed taxonomical Material and Methods: identification was carried out by using ke ys from Study Area: Navegaonbandh Edmondson, (1959); Pennack, (1978); Michael Reservoir:Although this Park is known as and Sharma (1988); Se hegal, (1983); Battish, Navegaon National Park in Govt. records, because (1992); Roy, (1998); Sharma, (1998); Tonapi, of the Navegoan (Bandh) tank, in the area it is (1980); Plaskit (1997); and Dhanapathi, (2000). known as Navegaon Bandh National Park. It will Observations & Result:Zooplanktons relative not be out of context to have a glimpse of abundance in both the sampling stations of the Navegaon Bandh or Navegaonbandh Reservoir as lake was e mphasized. Zooplanktons we re SHRI SHIVAJI SCIENCE COLLEGE, 182 ICRTS-2017 IJRBAT, Special Issue (2), Vol-V, July 2017 ISSN No. 2347-517X (Online) represented by 25 species, and consisted of to 6 families and 9 genera; Ostracoda (01), and members from Rotifera (11), be longing to 5 Copepoda (02). The species composition is families and 6 genera; Cladoce ra (11), belonging illustrated in the table: 1 and Plate: (I& II).

Table:1 :Diversity of Zooplanktons in Navegaonbandh Rese rvoir Stations S.No. Plankton Species S1 S2 A ROTIFERA Family: Brachionidae 1. Brachionus caliciflorus (Pallas) - + 2. B. caliciflorus var hymani (Dhanpati) - + 3. B. caliciflorus var amphiceros (Ehrenberg) - + 4. B. quadridentum var melhini (Barrios & Daday) - 5. B. falcatus (Summer form) (Lammerman) + + 6. B. caudatus (Barrios & Daday) + + 7. Keratella tropica - + Family: Colurellidae 8. Lapadella acuminata (Ehrenberg) - + Family: Asplanchnidae 9. Asplanchna brightwelli (Gosse) - + Family: Filinidae 10. Filinia longiseta (Ehrenberg) + - Family: Philodinidae 11. Rotaria rotatoria (Pallas) - + B CLADOCERA Family: Sididae 12. Diaphnosoma sarci (Richard) - + 13. Diaphnosoma excisum (Sars) - + Family: Daphnidae 14. Ceriodaphnia cornuta (Sars) + + 15. Simocephalus exspinosus (Koch) + + Family: Moinidae 16. Moina micrura (Kurz) - + 17. Moinodaphnia macleayi (King) - + Family: Bosminidae 18. Bosmina longirostris (Miille r) + 19. Bosmina longirostris (Summer form) (Miille r) - + Family: Macrothricidae 20. Macrothrix spinosa (King) + + Family: Chydoridae 21. Chydorus sphaericus (Miiller) + + 22. Pleuroxus triganellus (Miiller) + - C OSTRACODA 23. Cypris Spp + + D COPEPODA 24. Cyclops Spp + + 25. Diaptomus Spp + -

Discussion: mercy of the current and waves (Jhingran, 1997). Many minute, microscopic plants and animals The plankters according to their quality may be are able to spend their whole life, floating in the classified as, phytoplankton and zooplankton. water having no resistance to current or free floating and suspe nded in open or pelagic water. These suspended organisms form plankton (Tonapi, 1980). Plankton is de fined as free floating organisms whose intrinsic power of locomotion if present is so feeble that they remain almost at the

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Zooplankton: commonly known as water fleas, are minute Zooplankton is an integral component of aquatic crustaceans generally ranging in size from 0.2 to ecosystem and comprises of microscopic animal 5.0 mm. Important earlier work on Cladoce ra life that passively float or swim. The from various other Indian National parks are he terogeneous assemblage of minute floating those of Venkatraman (1988, 1990, 1992) on micro & macro invertebrates, and the ir qualitative Keoladeo National Park, Bharatpur, Rajasthan ; study provided good indices of water quality & the Raghunathan & Rane (2001) on Bandipur capacity of water to sustain heterotrophic National Park &Nagarhole National Park of communities. They constitute an important link Karnataka state; Rane (1984), on Cladocera of be tween primary producers (Phytoplankton) & Kanha National Park, Madhya Pradesh; Rane the consume rs of highe r order like fishes in the (2005) work out Cladoceran fauna of Melghat food chain of aquatic ecosystems.Zooplankton Tiger Rese rve & Pench National Park, he lps in bio monitoring of environmental ; Mahajan e t al., (1982) dealt with pollution as the y are tolerant to adve rse the Cladoceran fauna of Tadoba Andheri National environmental conditions. In the present Park, in the district of Maharashtra investigation the diversity of zooplankters state.In the present investigation the Cladocera is collected from both the sampling stations of the represented by 11 species, be longing to 6 families lake are presented in table: I. In the present study of which family Sididae is represented by Zooplankton constitue nts such as Rotifers, Diaphnosoma sarci &Diaphnosoma excisum, Cladoce rans, Copepods and Ostracods are family Daphnidae with Ceriodaphnia cornuta studied at both the sampling stations of the lake &Simocephalus exspinosus, family Moinidae with during 2010 to 2012.Rotifera or ‘Rotatoria’ Moina micrura &Moinodaphania macleyi, family comprise an important group of freshwater Bosminidae with Bosmina longirostris &Bosmina inve rtebrates as well as an integral component of longirostris(Summer form),family Macrothricidae aquatic food – we bs. The studies on Rotifera from with Macrothrix spinosa and family Chydoridae India began more than a century ago (revie w by with Chydorus sphaericus & Pleuroxus Sharma 1998 a). The Indian literature shows a triganellus. In the present investigation, sampling paucity of works on the faunal diversity of phylum station II (S2) of the lake showed more Cladoceran Rotifera from the aquatic biotopes of conse rvation diversity presumably due to important bio – areas of India in particular. Except the relevant ecological relationship be tween Macrophytes and works from Pobitra wildlife Sanctuary of Assam Zooplankton, and is in conformity with (Sharma, 2006) and Loktak Lake (Sharma, 2009). Venkatraman et al., (2000); Proctar et al., (1967) Aquatic biodive rsity in the NPs & WLs in this area and Ghosh and Chattopadhyay (1994). The least are not authentically reported.From the tables, it diversity in sampling station I (S1) might be due is clear that during both the years of study to predation pressure by fishes (Fernando, 1980 Cladoce rans dominated the plankton population, and Ve nkatraman, 1983). Among the and represented by 11 species (44%) of the total Crustaceans, Ostracoda was represented by only plankton population, followed by Rotifers with 11 Cypris spp in the Lake. Pailwan (2005) recorded 3 species (44%), which found relatively in lesser species of Ostracoda from perennial tanks of numbers than that of the Cladocerans; while Kolhapur district. Ostracod abundance also Copepods (8%) and Ostracods (4%), represented depends upon the availability of food as opined by by 2 & 1 species respectively.In the present Swain (1955);Engel & Swain (1967) & Joy and investigation, among the 11 species of Rotifers Clark (1977). Annapurna et al., (1999) recorded reported from both the sampling stations of the seven species of Ostracoda from D. G. M. S. Lake during 2010 – 2012, Genus Brachionus is colony pond, Dhanbad, Bihar. ve ry common and is represented by 6 species, The Copepod diversity was represented followed by one species each of Keratella, by two species. Some genera of Copepods and Lapadella, Asplanchna, Filinia and Rotaria. Cladocerans are cosmopolitan in distribution, Hutchinson (1967) obse rved that Brachionus while othe rs are restricted to some continents species are very common in temperate and (Brooks, 1959; Williamson, 1991). Depth of the tropical waters. Various workers reported Rotifers pond water transparency, pH & predators from fresh water bodies of India, such as Sharma determine the distribution & abundance of et al., (2011) reported 70 species from Nokrek Copepods (Confer et al., 1983; Patalas, 1971). Biosphe re Reserve. Patil (2001) reported 14 Verma et al., (1984); Kulshrestha et al., (1992) species from Nilgiri Biosphe re Rese rve. Sharma & and Kumar & Singh (1994) observed that the Sharma (2008) reported 74 species from Lakes of Cyclopes are sensitive to pollution and increased Kaziranga National Park, Assam. Cladoce rans, with an increase in nutrients. In the present

SHRI SHIVAJI SCIENCE COLLEGE, NAGPUR 184 ICRTS-2017 IJRBAT, Special Issue (2), Vol-V, July 2017 ISSN No. 2347-517X (Online) investigation, only qualitative study of Hutchinson, G.E. (1967): A treatise on Zooplankton was emphasized. The zooplankton Limnology, Vol.2 Introduction to Lake was recorded maximum during summer months Biology & Limnoplankton. John Vile y and & minimum during monsoon season. A summer Sons. New York. maxima of zooplankton is attributed to higher Joy, J.A. and Clark, L.D. (1977): The distribution photosynthetic activity, lower water level and high ecology and systematic of the benthic population of bacteria. A similar observation was Ostracods of Central Arctic Ocean, noted by Bohra (2004) in Nathu&Munshi pond, Micropaleontology: 23: 129-154 pp. Jharkhand. Kiran et al., (2007) noted increased Kiran, B. R., Puttaiah, E.T., Veerendra, D.N. and density in summe r due to absence of inflow of Somashekhar. (2007): Diversity, Density water that brings stability to water body and and Biomass of fresh water Gastropods in availability of food is more while density reduced two le ntic water bodies of Bhadravathi during winter in fish pond of Bhadra fish farm, Taluka, Karnataka, Limnology Souvenir Karnataka. World Lake Conf. Jaipur. NSL- 2007, Refrences: contributed paper No. 18 Annapurna, C. & Chatterjee . (1999): The Kulshreshta, S.K., George M.P., Saxena, Rashmi, freshwater Ostracods (Crustacea: Johri, Malini & Shrivastava, M. (1992): Ostracoda) from Dhanbad, Bihar, India. J. Seasonal variations in the Limnological Aqua. Biol., 14 (1&2): 11-16 pp. characteristics of Manasarovar, reservoir of Bohra Chandan & Arvind Kumar. (2004): Bhopal. In: Aquatic ecology (Ed. Mishra, Plankton diversity in the wetland of S.R. & Saxena, D.N.), A.P.H., New Delhi. Jharkhand. Biodiversity & e nvironment. 275-292 pp. Ashish Publishing House, New Delhi. 91- Mahajan, C.L., Sharma, S.P. Sharma, S.D. and 123 pp. Arora, N.K. (1982): Change in the Brooks, J.L. (1959): Cladocera. In: Edmondson, Zooplankton population in a wetland W.T. (editor) Freshwater biology John Wile y ecosystem due to drought in Ghana Bird & Sons, New York, pp. 587-656. Sanctuary, Bharatpur, Rajasthan. Wetland Confer J.I., T. Kaaretand, G.E, Like ns (1983): Ecology & Management, International Zooplankton diversity and biomass in Scientific Publications, National Institute of recently acidified lakes. Canadian Journal ecology: 139-143. of Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, 40: 36- Michael, R.G and Sharma, B.K. (1988): Fauna of 42. India and adjacent counties, Indian Dhanapati, M.V.S.S.S. & Rama Sharma D.V. Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: (2000): Furthe r studies on the Rotifers from Cladocera) Ed. Director, Z.S.I., Calcutta: 1- Andhra Pradesh, India, including a ne w 262. species. J. Aqua. Biol., 15 (1&2): 6 – 15 pp. Pailwan, I.F. (2005): Limnology & Fishe ries Edmondson, W.T. (1959): Fresh water ecology, 2nd potential of pe rennial tanks of Kolhapur Ed. John Viley and Sons, Inc. New York. district. Ph.D. Thesis submitted, Shivaji Engel, P.L. and Swain, F.M. (1967): University, Kolhapur. Environme ntal relationship of recent Patalas, K. (1971): Crustacean Plankton Ostracodes in Me squite Aransus & Copan communitie s in forty five lakes in O Bays, Texas Gulf Coast, Trans. Gulf expe rimental lakes area, North Western Assoc, Geobiol. Soc, 17: 249-253 pp. Ontario. Journal of Fisheries Research Fe rnando, C.H. (1980): The fresh water Board of Canada, 28: 231-244. Zooplankton of Shrilanka with a discussion Patil, S.G. (201): Rotifera. pp. 25-28. In: Fauna of on tropical freshwater Zooplankton Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Fauna of composition. Int. Reueges. Hydrobiol, (45): Conservation area se ries No. 11: Zoological 85-125 pp. Survey of India, Calcutta. Ghosh, A.K. and Chattopadhay, S. (1994): Pennak, R.W. (1978): F resh Water Inve rtebrates Biological resources of Pe tri urban we tland of the United States, 2nd Ed. Wiley Inter Santragachi Jhee l, Howrah district, West science Publ. John Wiley & Sons, Ne w York. Bengal, India .J. Landscape System & Ecol. Plaskit, F.J.W. (1997): Microscopic Fresh water Studies. 17 (1): 1-7 pp. life, Biotech Books, Delhi- 110035. Gupta, M.C. and Sharma, L.L. 2007. Trophic Proctor, V.W., Malone , C.R. and Deevaming. status and zooplankton of Amarchand (1967): Dispersal of Aquatic organisms. reservoir, Udaipur, Rajasthan. C. P. 02: Ecology, 18: 672-676 pp. NSL. 2007.

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Raghunathan, M.B. & Rane, P.D. (2001): Tonapi, G.T. (1980): Freshwater animals of India, Crustacea, Cladocera, fauna of Nilgiri an e cological approach, Oxford and IBH Biosphere reserve , Zool Surv. India, Fauna Publishing Co. New De lhi, India- P.341. of Conservation area Se r. 11: 31-37. Venkataraman, K., Das, S.R & Nandi N.C. (2000): Rane, P.D. (1984): Occurrence of Pleuroxus Zooplankton diversity in freshwater similes vovra (Cladocera, Crustacea) in wetlands of Haora district, We st Be ngal. J. Kanha National park, Madhya Pradesh, Aqua. Biol. 15 (1&2): 19-25 pp. India. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., Bombay, Venkatraman, K. (1983): Taxonomy & Ecology of 81 (3): 724 Southern Tamil Nadu, Ph.D. Thesis, Rane, P.D. (2005): Cladocera, Crustacea, Fauna Madurai, Kamraj Unive rsity, Madurai, of Melghat Tiger Reserve , Maharashtra. India. 180 pp. Zool. Surv. India, Conservation area se r. 24. Venkatraman, K. (1988): Cladoce ra of Keoladeo Se hgal, K.L. (1983): Planktonic Copepod of Fresh National park, Bharatpur, Rajasthan. New Water Ecosystem Inter print, New Delhi. records. 1. Moinadaphnia macleayii (King, Sharma, B.K. (1998 a): Faunal diversity of India. 1853) and Bosminopsis deitersi (Richard, Rotifera. Pp. 57-70. In: Alfred, J.R.B., A.K. 1895), J. Bombay Nat Hist Soc, Bombay, 85 Das & A.K. Sanyal (Eds). Faunal diversity (1): 229-233. of India. A Commemorative Volume in the Venkatraman, K. (1990): New records of 50th year of Indian Independence. ENVIS Cladocera of Keoladeo National park, Centre, Zool. Surv. India, Calcutta. Bharatpur. III, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 87 Sharma, B.K. (2009): Diversity of Rotifers (1): 166-168. (Rotifera: Eurotatoria) of Loktak lake North- Venkatraman, K. (1992): Cladocea of Keoladeo Eastern India. Tropical Ecology 50 (2): 277- National park, Bharatpur and its environs. 285 pp. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, Bombay. 89. 17- Sharma, M.S., Sharma, V. and Malara, H. 2007. 26. Biodive rsity of zooplankton in relation to Verma, S.R. Sharma, P., Tyagi, A., Rani, S., different types of aquatic pollution. C.P. 46. Gupta, A.K. and Dalela, R.C. (1984): NSL. 2007. Pp. 300-302. Pollution & Saprobic Status of Eastern Kali Sharma, S. & B.K. Sharma. (2008): Zooplankton Nadi, Limnologica (Be rlin) 15: 170-173 pp. diversity in flood plain lakes of Assam. Wanganeo, A. 2007. Plankton; its use s for the Records of Zoological Survey of India, bene fit of mankind and its utility in water Occasional pape r No. 290: 1-307. management. I.T. 09 (1): pp. 43-50. Sharma, S. (2006): Rotifer dive rsity (Rotifera : Waters, T.F. 1987. Adv. Ecol. Res. 10: 11-164. Eurotatoria) of flood plain lakes of Pobitra Williamson, C.I. (1991): Copepod: Ecology and Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam. Records of the Classification of North American freshwater Zoological Survey of India. 106 (3): 76-89 Invertebrates. Academic Press, Inc. pp. pp. 787-822. Swain, F.M. (1955): Ostracods of San Antonia Bay; Texas; J. Paleont (29): 561-646.

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