Biologia 65/1: 92—98, 2010 Section Zoology DOI: 10.2478/s11756-009-0221-5

Two new species of (: Zerconidae) from Turkey

Ra¸sit Urhan

Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract: In this study, two new species of zerconid , Zercon domanicensis sp. n. and Z. yusufi sp. n., are described and illustrated on the basis of materials collected from Turkey. The similarities and differences between the species were discussed. Key words: Acari; ; Zerconidae; Zercon;Turkey

Introduction ments are given in micrometers (µm), presented as mean and size range (minimum to maximum), or as approxima- Zerconid mites are important members of soil fauna. tions. Species of this family are free-living and mostly as- sociated with humus and soil, decomposed litter, leaf Zerconidae Berlese, 1892 mould, plant parts, and moss. When compared with Zercon C.L. Koch, 1836 other families of mesostigmatic mites, zerconid mites Type-species: Zercon triangularis C. L. Koch, are relatively well known in Europe (Halašková 1963, 1836 1969a; Karg 1993; Mašán & Fenďa 2004; Moraza 1990, 2006a, b; Sellnick 1958), North Africa (Athias-Henriot Zercon domanicensis sp. n. (Figs 1A–D) 1961; Blaszak 1979a), some parts of Asia (Blaszak 1979b; Halašková 1979) and North America (Blaszak Diagnosis. Anterior margin of ventro-anal shield with 1981a, b, 1984; Blaszak at al. 1995; Halašková 1969b, two pairs of setae. Dorsal fossae anomalous, with 1977). Similar papers have been published on the family smooth anterior margin, and different in size: outer fos- Zerconidae from the Balkan Peninsula (Willmann 1941; sae distinctly larger than inner ones; pores Po3 situated Balogh 1961; Košir 1974; Blaszak & Pola´nska 1998; between setal rows J and Z, on the line connecting setae Kontschán 2006; Ujvári 2008a, b), Russia (Petrova Z4–J5 located closer to the setae Z4;setaeS3 absent; 1977), Ukraine (Balan 1992), Caucasia (Balan & Vinnik setae J1–J5,Z1,Z2,Z5 and S1 are short and smooth; se- 1993) and Turkey (Blaszak 1979b; Urhan & Ayyıldız tae J6,Z3–Z4,S2,S4 and all marginal setae barbed with 1993, 1996; Urhan & Ekiz 2002; Urhan 1997, 1998, 2000, hyaline ending; setae Z4 the longest opisthonotal setae 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008a, b, c, d). In this paper, two new (50–55 µm). Opisthonotal shield with distinct reticu- species of Zercon, Z. domanicensis and Z. yusufi,are late pattern in the anterior region and smooth pattern described from the material collected in Turkey. in the posterior region.

Description. Female (Figs 1A, B). Length of idio- Material and methods soma in holotype is 380 µm, width 325 µm; mean length Soil and litter samples with mites were placed into plas- and width of paratypes: 394 (380–408) and 311 (300– tic bags, labelled and transferred to the laboratory. Sam- 325) µm, respectively (n = 23). ples were placed into combined Berlese funnels, and mites Dorsum (Fig. 1A). The setae j1 feathered, r1–r6 were extracted for 5–7 days according to their humidity. At barbed and with hyaline tips and the remaining setae the end of this process, the contents of bottles were trans- of the podonotum short and smooth. Opisthonotal se- ferred into Petri dishes and mites were separated under a tae J1–J5,Z1,Z2,Z5 and S1 are short and smooth. stereo-microscope. They were placed in 60% lactic acid for Setae J6,Z4 and S4 are long and barbed with hyaline clearing and mounted onto permanent microscope slides us- tips. The mean distance between the insertions of setae ing a glycerin medium. The examination and drawing of µ mites were done using an Olympus BX50 microscope with J6–J6 is 104 m. Setae Z3 similar in shape to Z4 and DP25 camera. Morphological terminology used in the de- reach the insertion of setae Z4.SetaeZ4 are the longest scriptions follows that of Sellnick (1958), Halašková (1969a), opisthonotal setae (50–55 µm) and reach to insertion Blaszak (1974) and Mašán & Fenďa (2004). All measure- of setae S4. The mean distance between setae Z5–J6 is

c 2009 Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences New species of Zercon from Turkey 93

Table 1. Lengths of opisthonotal setae and longitudinal distances between them in Zercon domanicensis sp.n.(n =numberofmeasured

specimens, measurements in µm).

 ¾¾  ¾¾  ¾¾ DN DN DN (n = 10) (n = 10) (n =6) (n = 10) (n = 10) (n =6) (n = 10) (n = 10) (n =6)

S1 13–15 13 13–15 Z1 10–13 10 8–10 J1 10–13 8–10 8  28–43 25–28 20–25  35–40 25–30 30–33  35–50 35–38 33–35 S2 13–20 13–18 20–23 Z2 10–13 10 8–10 J2 10–13 8–10 8  ––– 20–25 15–23 18–25  28–38 23–30 23–28 S3 Absent Absent Absent Z3 20–25 20–25 25–35 J3 10–13 8–10 5  ––– 28–35 25–28 18–28  23–33 18–23 18–25 S4 40–45 35–38 40–48 Z4 45–55 38–43 50–68 J4 10–13 10 5  63–78 45–53 45–48  18–23 15–20 15–20 Z5 10–18 10–13 10–15 J5 10–13 10 5  38–53 25–38 23–35 J6 40–50 35–38 38–45

Fig. 1. Zercon domanicensis sp. n. Female: A – dorsum of idiosoma; B – venter of idiosoma. Male: C – dorsum of idiosoma; D – venter of idiosoma. Deutonymph: E – dorsum od idiosoma. Scale 100 µm. 94 R. Urhan

Table 2. Lengths of opisthonotal setae and longitudinal distances between them in Zercon yusufi sp.n.(n =numberofmeasured

specimens, measurements in µm).

¾¾  ¾¾  ¾¾  (n = 10) (n =6) (n = 10) (n =6) (n = 10) (n =6)

S1 20 18 Z1 15–23 15–18 J1 18–20 15–18  28–35 25–35  35–40 25–30  43–50 35 S2 25–28 20–23 Z2 25–28 18 J2 30–35 23–25  –– 25–28 20–28  30–33 20–23 S3 Absent Absent Z3 30–33 25 J3 33–35 20–28  –– 28 23–25  25–30 18–25 S4 43–50 33–38 Z4 33–35 23–28 J4 30–35 20–28  48–53 45–48  18–28 15–20 Z5 10–15 10–13 J5 28–30 20–25  38–45 35–38 J6 43–50 38–40

15 µm. Setae S2 are similar to setae Z3 and do not reach The distance between setae Z5–J6 13 µm. Setae S3 ab- the margin of the opisthonotum. Setae S3 absent. Setae sent. Pores Po3 lie the line connecting setae Z4–J4.The R1–R7 are similar to seta Z3. Lengths of opisthonotal lengths of opisthonotal setae and distances between se- setae and distances between the setae within longitudi- tae within longitudinal rows are given in Table 1. nal rows are given in Table 1. Opisthonotal pores (Fig. 1A). Pores Po1 are lo- Material examined. Holotype (female): Turkey, K¨u- tahya, Domani¸ctown,39◦50 N, 29◦38 E, 1000 m a.s.l., cated anteroantiaxially to the insertion of setae Z1. 12.VI.2008. The specimens were found in litter and soil Pores Po2 lie on the line connecting setae S2–Z3 closer from a mixed forest (mostly Pinus sp. and Fagus sp.).

to the setae S2.PoresPo3 lie on the line connecting se-  Paratypes: 23 ¾¾,13 , 6 deutonymphs; from the same tae Z4–J4 closer to the setae Z4.PoresPo4 are located sample. Holotype and paratypes deposited at the Depart- under the insertion of setae S4. ment of Zoology of Pamukkale University, Denizli (Turkey). Pattern of dorsal integument: The ornamentation of the dorsal shields is shown in Fig. 1A. Dorsal fossae Etymology. The specific name domanicensis reflects anomalous, with smooth anterior margin, and different the name of the town Domani¸c(K¨utahya, Turkey) in size: outer fossae distinctly larger than inner ones. where the new species was collected. Venter (Fig. 1B). The chaetotaxy and shape of the peritremal shield are typical for the genus. Sternal Differential diagnosis. Zercon domanicensis sp. n. is shield with three pairs of sternal setae. The adgenital closely related to Z. minimus Sellnick, 1958 and Z. aber- shields are present, each with three pores. Ventrianal rans Mihelčič, 1960 by the sculpture of podonotal and shield with 19 setae of short and needle-like. There are opisthonotal shield and dorsal chaetotaxy. The similar- two pairs of setae on the anterior margin of the ventri- ities and differences between the females of the three anal shield. species are given in Table 3.

Male (Figs 1C, D). The mean length and width of Zercon yusufi sp. n. (Figs 2A–D) idiosoma are 330 (313–340) and 249 (243–260) µm, re- spectively (n = 13). The setae, pores, and sculpturing Diagnosis. Anterior margin of ventro-anal shield with pattern on the podo- and opisthonotal shields are same two pairs of setae. Dorsal fossae are distinct, saddle- as in the female. The mean distances between setae like, and equal in size, with axes parallel to the body J6–J6 and Z5–J6 are 91 µmand12µm, respectively. axis; setae J1,Z1,Z5 and S1 are smooth; setae J2–J5, The lengths of opisthonotal setae and distances between Z2–Z4 and S2 are long, apically slightly broadened and the setae within longitudinal rows are given in Table 1. delicately barbed; setae J6 and S4 are long and barbed, Sternigenital shield with five pairs of setae. Ventrianal with hyaline tips; all marginal setae on the opisthono- shield with 19 setae of short and needle-like. Anterior tum are short and smooth; pores Po3 situated between margin of ventrianal shield with two pairs of setae. setal rows J and Z, under the line connecting setae Z4– J4. Opisthonotal shield with distinct reticulate pattern Deutonymph (Fig. 1E). Length of idiosoma in para- in the anterior region and punctate pattern in the pos- types 329 (310–355) µm, width 250 (238–260) µm terior region. (n = 6). Podonotal setae j1 plumose, setae r3, r5 and r6 barbed and with hyaline tips and the remaining se- Description. Female (Figs 2A, B). Length of idio- tae of the podonotum short and smooth. Opisthono- soma in holotype is 400 µm, width 310 µm, mean length tal setae J1–J5,Z1,Z2,Z5,S1 and R3-R7 short and and width of paratypes 390 (365–405) and 312 (300– smooth. Setae J6,Z3,Z4,S2,S4 and R1,R2 long and 320) µm, respectively (n = 71). barbed, with hyaline tips. The insertions of setae J6–J6 Dorsum (Fig. 2A). Podonotal setae j1 distincly 88 µmapart.SetaeZ3 reach to insertion of setae Z4. barbed and the remaining setae of the podonotum short New species of Zercon from Turkey 95

Table 3. Similarities and differences between Zercon aberrans, Z. bulgaricus, Z. cabylus Z. minimus, Z. zangherii and Z. domanicensis sp. n.

Features Zercon aberrans Z. bulgaricus Z. cabylus

Setae S1–S3 absent present present

Setae J5 long and barbed, with hyaline long and smooth short and smooth tips

Position of pores Po2 on the line connecting setae on the line connecting setae on the line connecting setae Z2–Z3 S1–Z2 S1–Z2 closer to Z2

µ µ µ Idiosoma in females (¾¾) 412 mlong 510 mlong 450–520 mlong 300 µmwide 320 µmwide 310–330 µmwide

Setae r1–r6 and R1–R7 smooth smooth smooth

Position of setae J5 above the line connecting se- under the line connecting se- under the line connecting se- tae Z4–Z4 tae Z4–Z4 tae Z4–Z4

Posterior region of punctate smooth smooth opisthonotal shield

Position of pores Po3 on the line connecting setae on the line connecting setae on the line connecting setae Z4–J5 Z4–J4 closer to Z4 Z4–J5 closer to Z4

Features Zercon minimus Z. zangherii Zercon domanicensis sp. n.

Setae S1–S3 present S1 and S2 present, S3 absent S1 and S2 present, S3 absent

Setae J5 short and smooth short and smooth short and smooth

Position of pores Po2 on the line connecting setae on the line connecting setae on the line connecting setae S1–Z2 closer to Z2 S2–Z2 S2–Z3 closer to S2

µ µ µ Idiosoma in females (¾¾) 285 mlong 484 mlong 380–408 mlong 210 µmwide 374 µmwide 300–325 µmwide

Setae r1–r6 and R1–R7 smooth smooth long and barbed, with hyaline tips

Position of setae J5 under the line connecting se- under the line connecting se- under the line connecting se- tae Z4–Z4 tae Z4–Z4 tae Z4–Z4

Posterior region of punctate smooth smooth opisthonotal shield

Position of pores Po3 absent on the line connecting setae on the line connecting setae Z4–J4 closer to Z4 Z4–J5 closer to Z4

and smooth. Opisthonotal setae J1,Z1,Z5 and S1 are setae and distances between the setae within longitudi- smooth. Setae J2–J5,Z2-Z4 and S2 are long, apically nal rows are given in Table 2. slightly broadened and delicately barbed. Setae J6 and Pores (Fig. 2A). Pores Po1 located above the in- S4 are long, barbed, with hyaline tips. Setae S3 absent. sertion of setae Z1.PoresPo2 situated under the line All marginal setae on the opisthonotum are short and connecting setae Z2–S2 closer to the setae Z2.Pores smooth. Setae J2–J4 reach apparently beyond the inser- Po3 with position under the line connecting setae Z4– tion of following setae. Setae J5 do not reach the pos- J4.PoresPo4 are located under the insertion of setae terior margin of opisthonotum. The mean distance be- S4. tween the insertions of setae J6–J6 is 107 µm. Setae Z2 Pattern of dorsal integument: The ornamentation reach insertion of setae Z3.SetaeZ4 reach the posterior of the dorsal shields is shown in Fig. 2A. Dorsal fossae margin of opisthonotum. The mean distance between are distinct, saddle-like, and equal in size, with axes setae Z5–J6 is 20 µm. Setae S2 do not reach lateral parallel to the body axis. margin of opisthonotum. The lengths of opisthonotal Venter (Fig. 2B). The chaetotaxy and shape of 96 R. Urhan

Fig. 2. Zercon yusufi sp. n. Female: A – dorsum of idiosoma; B – venter of idiosoma. Male: C – dorsum of idiosoma; D – venter of idiosoma. Scale 100 µm. the peritremal shield are typical for the genus. Sternal tively. The lengths of opisthonotal setae and distances shield with three pairs of sternal setae. The adgenital between the setae within longitudinal rows are given shields are present, each with three pores. Ventrianal in Table 2. Sternigenital shield with five pairs of ster- shield with 19 short and needle-like setae. There are nalsetae.Ventrianalshield with 19 setae of short and two pairs of setae on the anterior margin of the ventri- needle-like. Anterior margin of ventrianal shield with anal shield. two pairs of setae.

Material examined. Holotype (female): Turkey, K¨u- Male (Figs 2C, D). The mean length and width of ◦ ◦ tahya, Domani¸ctown,3950 N, 29 38 E, 966 m a.s.l., idiosoma in the specimens are 321 (313–330) and 233 µ 12.VI.2008. The specimens were found in litter and soil (220–250) m, respectively (n = 6). The setae, pores, from a mixed forest (mostly Pinus sp. and Quercus sp.).

and sculpturing pattern on the podo- and opisthono-  Paratypes:71¾¾,6 ; from the same sample. Holotype tum are same as in female. The mean distances between and paratypes deposited at the Department of Zoology of setae J6–J6 and Z5–J6 are 88 µmand12µm, respec- Pamukkale University, Denizli (Turkey). New species of Zercon from Turkey 97

Table 4. Similarities and differences between Zercon encarpatus, Z. montigenus, Z. uludagicus, Z. zangherii and Z. yusufi sp. n.

Features Z. yusufi sp. n. Z. encarpatus Z. montigenus Z. uludagicus Z. zangherii

Setae r1–r6 short and smooth delicately barbed. r3–r6 and R1–R3 short and smooth short and smooth and R1–R7 apically pilose, the remaininig setae smooth

Setae S3 absent present long with hyaline tips absent absent

Setae J2 long, apically slightly short and smooth short and smooth long and apically short and smooth broadened and deli- pilose cately barbed

Setae Z2 long, apically slightly short and smooth short and smooth short and smooth short and smooth broadened and deli- cately barbed

Setae Z3 reach to the insertion reach to the insertion reach to the insertion do not reach to the reach to the insertion of setae Z4 of setae Z4 of setae Z4 insertion of setae Z4 of setae Z4

Setae Z4 long, apically slightly long and barbed with long and barbed with long and barbed with long and barbed broadened and deli- hyaline tips hyaline tips hyaline tips without hyaline tips cately barbed, with- out hyaline tips

Setae J3–J5 long, apically slightly long and barbed with long and delicately long and delicately short and smooth broadened and deli- hyaline tips barbed barbed cately barbed

Posterior punctate punctate smooth punctate smooth region of opisthonotal shield

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Received April 24, 2009 Accepted September 5, 2009