PAOLO VERONESE AND THE PRACTICE OF IN LATE

DIANA GISOLFI

YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS • NEW HAVEN AND Contents

Preface 3.5 First Works: Preparing in Monochrome and Color 56 1 Introduction 3.6 Young Paolo's Fellow 2 "Paulino's" Apprentices in Verona 63 2.1 Roman Monuments, "Multimedia" 3.7 Frescoing with Zelotti and Legacies, and Renaissance Developments Canneri at "La Soranza" 64 2.2 Examples of Sixteenth-Century 3.8 Summing Up 68 Fresco Practice in Verona before Paolo 17 's Dominance Challenged: 2.3 Examples of Practice on Panel and Canvas 2 1 1546/51-1562/63 71 2.4 Drawings 28 4.1 Titian, , and Veronese circa 1551 72 2.5 Juxtaposing Color 33 4.1.1 Titian's Dominance at Mid-Century 72 2.6 Statuti delle Arti in Verona and Venice 35 4.1.2 Titian's Methods at Mid-Century 73 2.7 Summing Up 37 4.1.3 Rising Stars: Tintoretto and 3 Paolo's Training, First Works, Veronese circa 1551-54 78 Early Collaboration 39 4.2 Mid- Dialogues, 3.1 Birth and Family Connections 39 Criticism, and Theory on Painting: 3.2 Masters in a Small World 40 1548-69 86 3.3 Well Connected in a Small World 41 4.3 Fragments and Records of Fafade Frescoes 3.4 Methods of Paolo's Masters 41 of Cinquecento Venice "eaten by the sea" 90 3.4.1 Giovanni Caroto 4.4 Zelotti and Veronese Frescoing (Verona 1488—Verona 1563/66) 41 Palladio's Patrician Villas in theVeneto 94 3.4.2 Antonio Badile 4.5 Technical Comparison with (Verona 1518-Verona 1560) 48 Another Fresco Cycle 108 3.4.3 Masters'Drawings, Cartoons, 4.6 Competition and Collaboration: Modelli, Oil Sketches 55 The Marciana Library Interior Decorations 109 4.7 Veronese at San Giorgio Maggiore, 6.2 Revisiting Disegno-Colorito in Shop Practice 197 Tintoretto at Madonna dell'Orto: 1562-63 114 6.2.1 Preparatory Work on Paper 197 4.8 Summing Up 122 6.2.2 Oil Sketches or Bozzetti 198 6.2.3 Canvas and Oil 200 5 Paolo and Jacopo Dominate, 6.2.4 Underdrawings 201 1555/60-1588/94 •125 6.2.5 Colors 202 5.1 Titian's Variable Methods 125 6.3 Division of Labor in the Shops 5.2 Paolo and Jacopo: Diverging of Veronese and Tintoretto 202 Methods in the Early 1560s 130 6.4 Varied Media,Varied Commissions 206 5.3 Veronese and Assistants at 6.4.1 Special Events 207 San Sebastiano:Varied Methods and Media 132 6.4.2 Theatrical Productions 207 5.3.1 The Patron 132 6.4.3 Cartoons for Mosaics 210 5.3.2 The Sacristy Ceiling 132 6.5 Exit the Master 212 5.3.3 The Nave Ceiling 135 6.5.1 Veronese's Haeredi 212 5.3.4 Continuing Work at San 6.5.2 Tintoretto's Heirs 216 Sebastiano in Diverse Media 140 6.5.3 Haeredi at the Doge's Palace 219 5.3.5 Patrician Connections and 6.6 Variations: The Bassano and Palma Giovane 220 Liturgical Requirements 145 6.7 Painting on Dark Surfaces: 5.4 Tintoretto and Assistants at the Developments in the Last Decades Scuola San Rocco 146 of the Cinquecento 223 5.4.1 The Competition for the 6.7.1 Painting on Stone 223 Albergo Commission 146 6.7.2 Dark Grounds 223 5.4.2 Tintoretto's Initiatives 6.8 Summing Up 228 and the Scuola's Program 147 5.4.3 Drawing in Carbon and in 7 Conclusion 231 Pigmented Oil 152 Chart of Pigments Used in the 5.4.4 Compositional Strategies of Sixteenth Century in the 239 Paolo and Jacopo 157 5.5 Veronese,Tintoretto, and their Shops Glossary of Terms Relevant to Sixteenth-Century and Others at the Doge's Palace 158 Practice in the Veneto and to Conservation Practice 240 5.5.1 Tintoretto Recorded as Restorer Conservation Records and Site Visits 244 in the Palazzo 161 5.5.2 Sala del Collegio: Appendices 247 Veronese and Tintoretto 161 1. Selected Records from San Sebastiano 5.5.3 Atrio Quadrato, Anticollegio, Regarding Sacristy and Nave 247 Antipregadi, Sala de' Pregadi 170 2. Contract for Veronese's Marriage of Carta, 1562 253 5.5.4 Maggior Consiglio: 3. Testament of Jacopo Tintoretto, 1594 254 Pax Veneta and Dominion 175 4. Furnishing of the Grimani Chapel 5.5.5 Oil Sketches Compete for Paradise 178 in San Sebastiano, 1544/1565 257 5.6 Tintoretto at San Giorgio Maggiore 184 5. Excerpts of the Testament of Benedetto 5.7 Summing Up 186 Caliari of 1591, with Additions of 1592 and 1593 258

6 Patterns in Shop Practice and Venetian Painters' Shops Notes 262 near the End of the Cinquecento 189 Bibliography 297 6.1 Shop Organization and Common Elements 189 Index 324 6.1.1 Shop Replicas 190 Photo Credits 339