National Register of Historic Places Received ' 4 Inventory Nomination
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NFS Form 10-900 0MB No. 1024-0018 (3-82) Exp. 10-31-84 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service For NFS use only ANg . ,, National Register of Historic Places received ' 4 Inventory Nomination Form date entered SEP I 2 1985 See instructions in How to Complete National Register Forms Type all entries complete applicable sections 1. Name historic N/A and or common ORANGE STREET HISTORIC DISTRICT 2. Location N/A street & number See Continuation Sheet not for publication city, town New Haven iL/JVicinity of state Connect icut code 09 county New Haven code 009 3. Classification Category Ownership Status Present Use X district public X occupied agriculture museum building(s) private _X unoccupied X commercial park V ' structure _ X- both _ X work in progress educational private residence site Public Acquisition Accessible entertainment ^ religious object in process Xyes: restricted government scientific being considered _ yes: unrestricted industrial transportation N/A no military other: 4. Owner of Property name Multiple Ownership street & number N/A city, town __ vicinity of state 5. Location of Legal Description courthouse, registry of deeds, etc. Town/City Clerk's Office, Kennedy Mitchell Kail of Records street & number 200 Orange Street city, town New Haven state Connecticut 6. Representation in Existing Surveys (See Continuation Sheet for Other Entries) title State Register of Historic Places has this Property been determined eligible? _.__. yes no 1985 date federal _ JL state county local d^8ltor^oijurvey_records_ C°nnecticut Historical Commission, 59 South Prospect Street Hartford -»-»- Connecticut city, town state 7. Description Condition Check one Check one X excellent __ deteriorated __ unaltered .._X_ original site __X_ good __ ruins _JL_ altered _K_ moved date .._s.ee_ continuation...sheets. X fair __ unexposed Describe the present and original (if known) physical appearance The Orange Street Historic District is located in New Haven, Connecticut, a medium-sized New England industrial city situated along the northern coast of Long Island Sound approximately 100 miles northeast of New York City. The district encompasses 563 major structures on 125 acres of land lying between three-quarters of a mile and a mile and one- half northeast of the New Haven Green. The bulk of the district falls within the corridor of land which inclines gradually from south to north between two heavily trafficked major north/ south thoroughfares: Orange Street on the west and State Street on the east. Of the 563 major structures in the district, better than 95% contribute to the area's significance as a large, substantially intact, middle-income residential neighborhood which developed between 1830 and 1900. North/south streets which fall within the district's boundaries include Lincoln Street, Pleasant Street, Foster Street, Nicoll Street, Nash Street, Mechanic Street and portions of Orange Street, State Street and Whitney Avenue; east/west streets include Audubon Street, Trumbull Street, Bradley Street, Eld Street, Pearl Street, Clark Street, Humphrey Street, Bishop Street, Edwards Street, Lawrence Street, Cottage Street and Eagle Street. Whitney Avenue, State Street and Orange Street are the oldest roads in the district, having been laid out prior to 1800. The district's two major east/west roads, Humphrey and Trumbull Streets, appear to have been laid out between 1800 and the late 1830s. All other streets in the district were laid out between the late 1830s and the 1870s. The extant structures in the district form an unusually cohesive and intact contiguous assemblage of nineteenth-century residential architecture. Styles represented include the Federal, Greek Revival, Italian Villa, Italianate, Second Empire, Stick, Queen Anne and Colonial Revival modes. While the district includes some large and relatively high- style examples of these modes, it is dominated by small 1%- to 3-story vernacular renditions of these styles. Most of the houses in the district are wood-frame structures; however, a significant number of structures built of brick and/or cut stone are also included within the district, particularly near its southern end along Orange and Trumbull Streets (photographs 3,6,7,9,12,14,15, and 29). Most buildings in the district stand close to the street and each other on deep, narrow lots. The district includes a variety of residential building forms. Invariably, buildings erected prior to 1850 were originally designed for single-family occupancy. While a great number of dwellings of this type continued to be built throughout the remainder of the century, by the mid-1850s multi-family dwellings had begun to make an appearance. These early multi-family dwellings were designed in a duplex or "double-house" format (photo graphs 10,15,17,22). By the 1860s, row house complexes containing 3 or more units were being constructed on a sporadic basis within various portions of the district. However, the most common form of multi-family architecture emerged in the early 1880s, when a number of local contractors and developers began to erect numerous gable-roofed 2- and 3-family Queen Anne-style houses (photographs 4,10,13,17, and 22). The district maintains an unusually high degree of architectural integrity. Unlike similar neighborhoods in New Haven, the area has been almost entirely spared from the intrusive effects of demolition and redevelopment. The only notable exception is found in the area along the northern side of the eastern end of Trumbull Street. All but two of the residential structures erected in this area during the nineteenth century were NPS Form 10-900-a 0MB No. 1024-0018 (3-82) Exp. 10-31-84 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form Orange Street Historic District, New Haven, CT Continuation sheet Item number 2 Page 1 Location (cont.): Nash Street 13 through 112-114 Bishop Street Nicoll Street 11-13 through 88 17 through 150-152 Bradley Street Orange Street 133 through 239 357-377 through 591, also 681 and 685 Clark Street Pearl Street 10 through 99 9-11 through 93 Cottage Street Pleasant Street 8-10 through 30 (south side only) 11 through 42 Eagle Street State Street 98-100 through 130 (south side only) 710-712 and 714 Edwards Street Trumbull Street 8-10 through 100 3-5 through 67 Eld Street Whitney Avenue 4 through 42 93 through 135 (east side only) Foster Street 15 through 73 Hine Place 1 through 15 Humphrey Street 257 through 358 Lawrence Street 35-43 through 139 Lincoln Street 2-2a through 36 Mechanic Street 24-26 through 99 NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 (3-82) Exp. 10-31-84 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form Orange Street Historic District, New HAven,,CT Continuation sheet Item number Page 1 Representation in Existing Surveys (cont.) Title: New Haven Historic Resources Inventory, Phase III; Northern New Haven. Date: 1983 Depository: Connecticut Historical Commission, Hartford, CT Type of Survey: Local NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 (3-82) Exp. 10-31-84 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form Orange Street Historic District, New Haven, CT Continuation sheet_____________ __ Item number 7 Page 1 Description (cont.) demolished or removed from their sites in the 1960s when the extant entry/exit ramp for 1-91 was constructed. (The district's boundaries have been drawn to exclude this exit- entry ramp.) Due to a lack of significant twentieth-century commercial intrusions y the district con tinues to retain its historic identity as an intact, almost exclusively residential nineteenth-century neighborhood. The district's stable physical character has resulted in great measure from the continuity of usage of buildings as residences. The only portion of the district featuring a significant concentration of buildings converted for non-residential use is found along Trumbull Street and the southern end of Orange Street. Here, a number of larger houses now provide office space for physicians, lawyers, archi tects and other professionals. However, these conversions have not significantly effected the residential character of the exteriors of these buildings, many of which have been restored to their original or approximate original appearance (photographs 1, 2, and 28). The district's physical integrity is enhanced by the fact that modifications to the his toric exterior fabric of individual buildings have been limited. A high proportion of structures retain all or most of their original exterior details, such as porches and window, wall, and roof trim. Significant modifications on most building exteriors tend to be confined to the superimposition of later siding materials (aluminum, asbestos, or asphalt) over original clapboards and/or wood shingles. Despite such re-sidings, very few district buildings have been completely stripped of historic exterior details. Even the more extensively modified houses often retain enough of their disguishing historic massing and/or detailing characteristics to merit their inclusion in the district as con tributing structures, especially when considered within the visual context of their respective streetscapes. A number of houses featuring unsympathetic early and mid- twentieth-century exterior changes have been or are in the process of being sympathetically rehabilitated or restored, especially in the portions of the district which lie adjacent to the Upper State Street Historic District and in the City of New Haven's community development target area along Nicoll, Nash, and Mechanic Streets (photographs 12,22, and 27). The Orange Street Historic District forms a distinct and coherent entity within the context of the surrounding portions of the city. The district's southern and southwestern edges are defined by the northern perimeter of New Haven's modern central business dis trict, which is dominated by large- and small-scale structures designed and built in the twentieth century for commercial and institutional use, and post-World War II high-rise apartment buildings.