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Interpretation of Airborne Geophysical Data Over the Petermann Ranges Area, Southwestern Northern Territory

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Interpretation of Airborne Geophysical Data Over the Petermann Ranges Area, Southwestern Northern Territory University of Adelaide Department of Geology and Geophysics Interpretation of Airborne Geophysical Data Over the Petermann Ranges Area, Southwestern Northern Territory Andrew M. Lewis B.Sc. (Hons) March, 1989 úL'=r-:c.Lì AP ''\ :j\ r 1o A thesis submitted to the University of Adelaide in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Contents Statement vll Acknowledgements vltl 1 Study Objectives and Location 1 1.1 Introduction. 1 I.2 Aims 1 1.3 Location Specific Problems 2 I.4 Overview of Procedures 3 1.5 The Study Area. 3 1.6 Previous Work 5 I.7 Historical Note I 2 Regional Geology 10 2.I Introduction 10 2.2 Tectonic Setting 10 2.3 Stratigraphy... 11 2.3.1 Older Basement t4 2.3.2 Younger Basement 15 2.3.3 Amadeus Basin Sequence 16 2.3.4 Granites 18 2.4 Geological Structure 19 2.4.1 Forman's Interpretation 19 2.4.2 Jorgenson and Wilson's Interpretation 2I 2.5 Discussion 22 3 frnagelnterpretation 23 3.1 Introduction 23 3.2 Interpretation lt4ethod 23 3.2.7 Textural Schemes 25 3.3 Magnetic Textu¡es 26 CONTENTS ll 3.4 Magnetic Subdivisions of the Petermann Area 29 4 Radiornetric Data 32 4.I Introduction 32 4.2 Interpretation Philosophy ¿a?.1 4.3 Data Presentation 34 4.4 Data Processing and Analysis 37 4.4.7 Data Analysis . 40 5 Northern Magnetic Domain 48 5.1 Introduction 48 5.2 Amadeus Basin Proper 48 5.3 Petermann Fold Nappe . 49 5.4 Original Basement 58 5.4.1 Basement Shearing 58 5.4.2 Late Stage Granites 61 5.5 Folding within the Northern Domain 62 5.6 Faulting within the Northern Domain 63 6 Southern Magnetic Domain 65 6.1 Introduction 65 6.2 The Domain Boundary . 65 6.3 Strongly Magnetic Basement Complex 68 6.4 Moderately Magnetic Basement Complex 70 6.5 Weakly Magnetic Basement Complex 7T 6.6 Circular/Elliptical Features 72 6.7 Folding within the Southern Domain 73 6.8 Faulting within the Southern Domain 74 7 Conclusions and Discussion 76 7.7 Introduction 76 7.2 Interpreted Geological History 76 7.3 Conclusions 79 A Irnage Production and Processing A-1 4.1 Introduction A-1 4.2 \{echanics of Producing an fmage A-1 A'.3 Image Processing A-3 4.4 Discussion .þ,=12 CON"EN?S llt B Survey Specifications B1 8.1 Introduction B1 8.2 Survey Specifrcations B-1 8.3 Data Processing B-2 C Radiometric Corrections c-1 C.1 Introduction c-1 C.2 Background and Cosmic c-1 C.3 Stripping c-2 C.4 Altitude c-3 C.5 Radon and Deadtime . c-3 C.6 Equivalent Ground Concentrations c-4 D Abbreviations D-1 Bibliography 80 List of Figures 1.1 Study Area Location 4 7.2 Map Sheet Locations 6 1.3 Aeromagnetic Surveys, Southwestern Northern Territory 8 2.1 \{ajor Outcrop Geology 13 9' Regional Structure SW Amadeus Basin 20 3.1 Comparisor"r of Contour Map and Digital Image, Duffield 24 3.2 Typical Magnetic Textural Zones 27 3.3 Interpreted Magnetic Zones and Domains 30 4.1 Total Count Radiometrics 35 4.2 Potassium Channel Radiometrics 36 4.3 Thorium Channel Radiometrics 38 4.4 Uranium Channel Radiometrics 39 4.5 Thorium/Potassium Ratio Image 40 4.6 Radiometric Histograms for Ail Mapped Olia Gneiss . : . , 46 4.7 Radiometric Histograms for the Photointerpreted Olia Gneiss 47 4.8 Radiometric Histograms for Musgrave-Mann Metamorphics 47 5.1 Interpreted Magnetic Zones in tlie Northern Domain 49 5.2 Modeled Sections Lines 1312 and 1451 51 5.3 Modeled Sections Lines 1411 and 1641 52 5.4 Modeled Section Line 1641a 55 5.5 Modeled Sections Line 2752 60 6.1 Regional Gravity Field in the Study Area 67 6.2 Ilterpreted Magnetic Zones in the Southern Domain 68 6.3 Modeled Section Line 2352 69 ,A.1 Grey Level Distribution for Magnetic Data A2 4.2 Compa,rison of Various Numbers of Grey Levels A4 4.3 Total Field N4agnetics Greyscale Digital Image . A6 IV LIST OF FIGURDS v 4.4 Reverse Colour Total Field Magnetics A-7 4.5 Locally Stretched Total Magnetic Field A-8 4.6 East-West Directionally Filtered Magnetics 410 4.7 Calculated Vertical Gradíent of the Totat Magnetic Field All Plate 1: Magnetic Interpretation HulI Plate 2: Magnetic Interpretation Bloods Range Plate 3: Magnetic Interpret at ion P otto y u Plate 4: Magnetic Interpret at ion P eterrnann Plate 5: Magnetic Interpretation Cockburn Plate 6: Magnetic Interpretation D uffield a LISt of Tables 2.I Stratigraphic Succession in the Project Area t2 4,L Typical Radioactive Element Concentrations 33 4.2 Total Count Equivalent Concentrations 42 4.3 Potassium Equivalent Concentrations . 42 4.4 Uranium Equivalent Concentrations 43 4.5 Thorium Equivalent Concentrations 43 5.1 Measured Magnetic Susceptibilities 53 8.1 Spectrometer Specifrcations B-2 C.l Background and Cosmic Correction Factors C2 C.2 Stripping Correction Coefrcients c-2 C.3 Altitude Àttenuation Factors c-3 C.4 Elemental Conversion Factors . c-4 vl Staternent This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university and, to the best of my knowlêdge, no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference is made in the text. I consent to the thesis being made available for photocopying and loan where applicable if accepted for the arvard of the degree. March, 1989 vlr Acknowledgernents There a e many people who should be thanked for their helpful contributions throughout this project. Professor David Boyd supervised the work from start to finish and made many useful cornments and suggestions, particularly at difficult stages. Dr. Peter Brooker is thanked for his guidance and help over the time I have known him. Dr. John Paine and Mr. Andy Mitchell are gratefully acknowledged for access to their excellent software programs on the computer. I rvould also like to thank my colleagues, Shanti Rajagopalan, Robert O'Dowd and Zhiqun Shi for their discussion and help on many occasions, especially on computer related matters, and for permission to use many of their programs. Other people from the department that should be thanked are Dr. Pat James, Dr. Robin Oliver 'Willoughby and Dr. Ding Puquan for some helpful discussion. Mr. John is also thanked, as is Rick Barrett for his photographic skills. Numerous people from outside the Department of Geology and Geophysics were also involved, these include Mr. A.J. Hosking, formerly of the Northern Territory Department of lt{ines and Energy, who kindly arranged access to the geophysical survey data. Mr. Bruce Simons and Dr. Ted Findhammer of the N.T.D.M.B. are thanked for their helpful discussion and some ver¡' useful maps. Dr. Tom Whiting gave useful advice on aspects of the data processing and interpretation. \{r. Jim Reid of the Bureau of Mineral Resources was extremely helpful and made a trip to Canberra very enjoyable. Dr. D.J. Forman of the B.M.R. is thanked for his useful comments and interest, as is Mr. Bob N{ajor of the South Australian Department of Mines and Energy. Finally I would like to thank my family who were supportive and encouraging throughout. vllr Abstract Semidetailed airborne rnagnetic and radiometric data from the Petermanu Ranges have been processed and a geological interpretation carried out. The Petermann study area lies within an aboriginal reserve and covers the Precambrian crystalline basement of the northern Musgrave Block and the southrvest margin of the Amadeus Basin and associated infolded sediments and netasediments. Geological detail is severely limited by extensive sand and alluvial cover, and a,irborle geophysics is the only practical method for mapping the solid geology over much of the a,rea,. The geophysical data have been reprocessed and presented as greyscale digital pixel maps. Ilterpretation of these maps using a textural interpretation scheme has delineated two major magl.etic domains. Each Domain consists of smaller textural zones based on magnetic character- istics such as amplitude, frequency and linearity of anomalies which reflect lithological variations. The magnetic data is consistent with the regional scale fold nappe structure which dominates the north of the study area and much of the southrvestern margin of the Amadeus Basin. The interpreted Northern li4agnetic Domain includes the sediments of the Amadeus Basin, the Pe- termann nappe as well as original gneissic and granitic basement rocks. Large scale east-west basement shearing has been delineated within the basement of the Northern Domain. A two stage model for the emplacement of the Pottoyu Granite Complex of the Musgrave Block is proposed, with components both pre and post basement shearing, and a further deep seated granitic intrusion is interpreted as the major source of the Cobb Gravity Depression within the study area. The Southern Magnetic Domain correlates with the high grade granulite gneisses of the I{usgrave Block and has been subdivided into trvo lithomagnetic units rvhich reflect large scale basement structure. The boundary between the Northern and Southern Domains is interpreted as the geophysical response of the Woodroffe Thrust, a major crustal dislocation in Central Australia. Current geological information only provides an approximate position for the Thrust rvhereas the geophysical data has been used to trace the feature more accurately than previously possible in the study area. The extension of the Mann Fault Zone from South Australia into the Nortl-rern Territory is confirmed ald loca,l to semiregional scale faulting and folding is defrned in both Domains.
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