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Cave Biology: Life in Darkness Aldemaro Romero Index More Information Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82846-8 — Cave Biology: Life in Darkness Aldemaro Romero Index More Information Index Acari 98 Ambystoma mexicanum 154 Acarina 98 American continent 15, 71, 92, 99, 114, Acarimorpha 98 115, 116 Accidentals 16, 114, 116, 132 Amphibians 120 Accidental-entrapment hypothesis 140 blind 9 Actinarctus 105 Amphipod Actinobacteria 63 cave 6 Adaptive-shift model 140, 141–2 Amphipoda 94 Adiantum sp. (venus maidenhair) 75 Amsterdam 4 Aerodramus 124, 157 Anaspidacea 93 hirudinaceus (mountain swiflet) 73 Ancient Greece 6 sawtelli 158 Andes, the 68, 73, 74, 75, 123 Africa 51, 92, 116 Anguilla anguilla 7 Kenya (Shimba Hills National Animals Reserve) 76 Blind cave 23, 39 African continent 71, 99, 116 cave 8, 14, 20, 23, 25, 28, 31, 34, 53, 55 Agaricus eyeless 19 arvensis (snow-ball or horse Anisolabis howarthi 111 mushroom) 70 Annales de Speleologie 56 bisporus (white-button mushroom) 70 Annelida 85 Agassiz, Alexander 28 Anophthalmic 116 Agassiz, Jean Louis Rodolphe (Louis) 18, Antromysis 92 19, 20, 23, 28, 29–30, 32–4, 37 Aphotic 68, 90 Agastoschizomus lucifer 101 Apodidae 124–5, 163 Alabama 120, 121 Apogon imberbis 174 Key Cave 189 Appalachian areas 167, 190 Alberti, Leandro 6 Apulian coast 79 Albinism 137–8 Aquifers 88, 178 Albiorix anophthalmus 102 Arachnida 97, 98 Algae 67–9 Arachnocampa luminosa 104, 118 Edaphic 68 Araneae 100 Alona 91 Archeobacteria 62 Amblyopsid 29, 35, 36 Arizona Fishes 20, 176 Karchner Cavern 84, 203 Amblyopsidae 29, 120, 148, 157 Aristotle 7, 20, 24 Amblyopsis Arkansas 107, 176, 199, 200 rosae 39, 173, 200 Artesian area 160 spelaea 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 29, 35 Asbestopluma spp. 79 spelaeus’ 16, 19 Ascension Island 116 Amblypygi 100 Ascomycota 70, 71 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82846-8 — Cave Biology: Life in Darkness Aldemaro Romero Index More Information Index · 279 Asellidae 95 Behavior 132 Asellus aquaticus 144 Belize 77, 137, 148, 155 Asellus aquaticus subterraneus 145 Bergson, Henri Louis 48–9, 51 Asia 50, 71, 92, 124 Bermuda 91, 92, 94, 95, 199 Astroides calycularis 81 Bentham, George 22 Astrosclera willeyana 79 Benthic 91 Astyanax fasciatus 120, 131, 134, 137, 141, Besson, Jacques 7 142–3, 145, 147–9, 151, 153, 154, Biofilm communities 68–9 155, 157, 172, 210–11 Biokarst 67 Australia 71, 76, 89, 91, 92, 93, 105, 108, Bioluminescence 104, 107, 118 141, 164, 193, 199 Biospeleologica 51 Bat Cave 206 Biospeleology 15, 50, 51, 56, 58–61 Sinkhole 92 Biota Austria 4 Cave 21 Aves 123 hypogean 8 Azores, the 175 underground 8 Terceira Island 74 Bird (see also Aves) cave 8, 15 Bacillariophyta (diatoms) 68 Bird nest soup 124 Bacteria (see also Archaeobacteria and Bishop, Stephen 11, 13 Eubacteria) Bison 3 Ammonia and nitrite oxidizers (in Bison bonasus 3 caves) 64 Bivalvia 86 Chemolithoautotrophic (in caves) Blaberidae 112 64, 65 Blattellidae 112 ecological role (in caves) 65–7 Blattidae 112 heterotrophic (in caves) 64, 65 Blattodea 112 In caves 63 Blind 4, 16, 18, 20, 22, 81, 91, 92, 93, 95, Iron and Manganese Oxidizing (in 100, 102, 121, 131, 133, 147, 176 caves) 65 -fish 137 phototrophic sulfur reducers (in caves) -ness 14, 25, 36, 95, 132, 134, 150, 165, 64 171, 210 purple sulfur (in caves) 64 -ness among cave animals 38, 40 sulfur-oxidizing (in caves) 64 -ness among cave vertebrates 40 Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi 63 -ness of cave fauna 36 Bahamas 92, 93 Bochusacea 93 Balcones Aquifer 122 Body size 138 Balkans, the 187 Bolivia 123 Banta, Arthur Mangun 40 Bol´ıvar, Ignacio 59 Barr, Thomas 59 Bonnet, Charles 27–8 Basidiomycota (puffballs, polypores, gilled Borneo 88 musrooms, boletes, yeast) 70, 72 Bosnia 121 Bat guano 66, 71, 126, 163 Botryolepraria lesdainii 73 Bathynellacea 93 Brachiopoda 89 Bats (see Chiroptera) 125 Bracken Cave 125 Bedrocks Branchiopoda 90 Limestone 160 Brazil 76, 77, 93, 95, 99, 126, 137, 138, Volcanic 160 148, 155, 174, 179 Beetle Sao˜ Dominogos karst area blind cave 13 Breder, Charles Marcus 59 subterranean 51 British Empire 38 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82846-8 — Cave Biology: Life in Darkness Aldemaro Romero Index More Information 280 · Index Brown University 33 horizontal 160 Bryophyta (mosses) ice 143, 159 Bryozoa 89 intertidal 80 Buffon, Georges-Louis 47 karstic 73 karsts 92, 159, 161, 191, 193 Caecidotea barri 95 lava tubes 63, 70, 72, 111, 141, 159, 176, Caecidotea cumberlandensis 95 194 Caecidotea incurve 95 limestone 50, 63, 69, 88, 107, 180, 196 Caecidotea jordani 95 marine 68, 69, 77, 78, 79, 85, 86, 93, Caecidotea paurotrigonus 95 105, 175, 179, 193 Caecidotea teresae 95 marine temperate 77 Caecorhamdia urichi 143 multilayered 160 Caicos Islands 93 reef 79 Calabozoa pellucid 95 saltpeter 64 Calabozoidae 95 sea 84, 128 Calanoida 91 sedimentary rock (in) 69 California 39, 40, 121, 131 shallow water 78 King’s Canyon National Park 107 snail 88 Cambarus aculabrum 199 sublittoral marine 80 Cambarus hubrichti 198 submarine 89 Cameroon (Republic of) 66 subtropical 71 Campbell, George John Douglas, (Duke of systems 10, 14 Argyll) 26 temperate 111, 126, 154, 161, 176 Campodeidae 110 tropical 71, 88, 101, 154, 161, 162, 163, Canada 75, 162 172 Canary Islands 91, 92, 100, 116, 176 Vertical 160 Carabidae 113 Cave spring fish (see Forbesichthys Carbonate dripstone 67 agassizi)84 Carcinophora americana 111 Cave Vertebrates of North America Caribbean 91, 92 40 Carniola See Slovenia Cavernicoles (also see Trogloxenes) Carychium spelaeum 13 56 Caullery, Maurice 52, 56 Ceˇ c,ˇ Luka 13 Cave archetype 132 Central America 115 Cave ecosystem structure 164–6 Cenotes (sinkholes) 68 Cave conservation and Cephalosporium lamellaecola 71 Management 182–208 Ceuthophilus spp. 5061 Anthropogenic impacts 183–7, 197, 198, Cevennes´ 50 203 Character concept 132–9 Atmosphere of caves (effects on) 195–7 Chardin, Pierre Theilhard de 57 Biota (effects on) 199–206 Chelicerata 96 Climate change 206–7 Chilopoda 106 Cultural 206 China 5, 6, 16, 108, 118, 133, 180, 192, Geomorphology (effects on) 187–95 194 Hydrology 197–9 Alu caves 6 Legal Protection 207 Beijing 181 Cave formation 66–7 Luxi County 6 Cave (types) Three Gorges Dam 191 Anchialine 68, 198 Chinese civilization 5, 7 Dinaric 80, 121 Chironomidae 117 granitic 63 Chiroptera 125, 201 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82846-8 — Cave Biology: Life in Darkness Aldemaro Romero Index More Information Index · 281 Cholevidae 113 Croatia 77, 87, 121 Chlorophyta (green algae) 68 Crustacea 90 Chologaster 36 Crustacean 90 agassizi 35 Anchialine 90, 93 cornuta 36 Cave 96 cornutus 29 Hypogean 90 Chordeumida 107 Phreatic 90 Christiansen, Kenneth 59 Cuba 35, 36, 39, 93, 99, 115, 117 Chthonoidea 102 Cuenot,´ Lucien 41, 49, 52, 56 Cimicidae 112 Culcidae 117 Circadian rhythm 108 Culver, David 59 Loss 113 Cumacea 95 Cixiidae 112 Curculionidae 114 Cladocera 91 Cuvier, George 17, 18, 19, 43, 57 Cladorhizidae 79 Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) 67, 68–9, Claparede,` Rene-Edouard` 45 73 Clariidae 7 Cyclopoda 92 Climate change (caves as record) Cyphoderidae 109 180–1 Cyphomyrmex rimosus 117 Climatic-relict model 140–1 Cyprinodont Closed system 159 aberrant 20 Cnidarians 80 Cave 69, 80 Dana, James Dwight 23–4 Cobitidae 7 Danielopolina kornickeri 93 Codonorchis octaedrus 80 Dark zone Coleopteran 113–17 Animals in the 14, 16, 25 Collegio Romano 5 Darwin, Alexander 20 Collembola 109 Darwin, Charles 2, 10, 15, 19, 21–9, 31, Collocalia 124, 157, 163 41, 45, 48, 52 Collocalia fuciphaga 200 non-Lamarckian Colorado 102, 207 ’s theory of 20 Competition (in caves) 180 Darwinian 57 Conestoga (River) 32 anti- 27 Congeria kusceri 87 neo- 57, 61 Conidiobolus coronatus 71 pre- 14 Convergence 155 Darwinism 2, 31, 37, 47, 48, 52 Cook Islands Decapoda 95 Atiu Island 157 Demospongiae 77 Cope, Edward Drinker 29, 31–2, 34–6, 48, Derovatellus 114 51 De Vries, Hugo 38 Copelatus 114 DeKay, James 14 Copepoda 91 Dendritic network 165 Coprozerconidae 167 Dendrocoelum beauchamoi 81 Coprozercon scopaeus 167 Depigmentation 14, 25, 132, 134, 150, Corrosion residue 66 165, 171 Costa Rica 137, 142, 148, 155, 157 Cave fauna, of 36, 40 Cottus carolinae 138, 171 Depigmented 4, 16, 18, 20, 22, 81, 87, 88, Crayfish 91, 92, 93, 95, 100, 104, 106, 107, 108, Blind cave 18, 35 111, 116, 119, 121, 131, 133, 147, 176 Cricket Fish 7, 137 wingless cave 3 Dermaptera 111 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82846-8 — Cave Biology: Life in Darkness Aldemaro Romero Index More Information 282 · Index Descrittione di tutta Italia 6 Eubacteria 62 Devil’s Icebox Cave 83 Association with plant and animal Dicytostelium (slime molds) 72 disease 63 caveatum 71 Eurasia 114 Dinetus 114 Europe 3, 5, 6, 7, 13, 14, 15, 24, 28, 43, 44, Diplopoda 107 50, 51, 71, 75, 83, 85, 92, 107, 109, Diplura 110 116, 144, 160, 161, 189, 192, 193, 201 Diptera 117 Eurycea 121 Dinaric cave clam (See also Congeria lucifuga 10, 15 kusceri)87 neotenes 152 Dispersal distribution 141 spelaea 122 Dobzhansky, Theodosius 53–5, 57 tridentifera 121 Dohrn, Anton 37 Eurycercidae 91 Dollinger,¨ Ignaz von 18 Evolution 9, 16, 17, 19, 20, 27, 28, 30, 31, Dollo, Louis 51 32, 33, 34, 42–60 drobnovratnik 13 Cave biota, of 53 Drosophilidae 117 cave fauna, of 2, 27, 36, 37, 40, 60 Dryopidae 114 cave organisms, of 3, 32, 53 Dysdera 100 convergent 40, 110, 120 Dytiscidae 114 gerontocratic 56 phenotypic 55 Echinoderes cavernus 84 regressive 27, 32, 56, 60, 212 Echinoderes dujardini 84 troglomorphisms, of 213 Echolocation 123, 124, 125, 142, 157, Exaptation 150 163 Extremophile 54 Eclological indicators (of caves via Exumella 91 bats) 201–6 Eye 151 Ecology Absent 32, 88, 104, 108, 114, 116 Cave 67 Degeneration 40, 210–11 Cave fauna, of 36 Loss 91, 98, 101, 103, 110, 112, 113, cave organisms, of 159–81 116, 118, 154, 214 Diversity and distribution 159–64 No cornea 103 Ectopsocidae 112 Reduced 88, 94, 95, 101, 102, 103, 110, Ecuador 230 15, 101 111, 112, 113, 115, 118, 119, 133, Edward’s Aquifer 149, 160 143, 154, 172 Edward’s Plateau 121 Rudimentary 114 Eel 7 underground little (see also petites Fangensis 103 anguilles)7 Fangensis cavernarus 104 Eigenmann, Carl H.
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