Prison Conditions in Nigeria November 2019 (COI included between 1st January 2018 and 25 September 2019) © ARC Foundation/Garden Court Chambers, September 2019 ARC Foundation publications are covered by the Create Commons License allowing for limited use of ARC Foundation publications provided the work is properly credited to ARC Foundation and it is for non-commercial use. ARC Foundation does not hold the copyright to the content of third party material included in this report. Reproduction or any use of the images/maps/infographics included in this report is prohibited and permission must be sought directly from the copyright holder(s). We are extremely grateful to Paul Hamlyn Foundation for its support of this project. Feedback and comments Please help us to improve and to measure the impact of our publications. We’d be extremely grateful for any comments and feedback as to how the reports have been used in refugee status determination processes, or beyond. Thank you. https://asylumresearchcentre.org/feedback/ Please direct any questions to
[email protected] Cover photo: © Naeblys/shutterstock.com 2 Table of Contents Introduction 6 Explanatory Note 8 List of sources consulted 10 Issues for research 13 1. Physical or psychological torture, inhuman or degrading treatment 14 Detention in general 14 Nigerian Prisons Service (recently renamed Nigerian Correctional Service) 18 Police 22 State Security Service (SSS) 24 Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS) 26 Military 30 2. Use of forced confessions 35 Detention in general 35 Police 35 State Security Service (SSS) 36 Special Anti-robbery Force (SARS) 36 3. Deaths in custody 38 Detention in general 38 Police 38 State Security Service (SSS) 40 Military 40 4.