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On the Discovery of Hasora Mixta Limata Ssp. Nov
Zoological Studies 47(2): 222-231 (2008) On the Discovery of Hasora mixta limata ssp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Coeliadinae) from Lanyu, Taiwan, with Observations of Its Unusual Immature Biology Yu-Feng Hsu1,* and Hang-Chi Huang2 1Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan 2Butterfly Conservation Society of Taiwan, N. 19, Lane 103, Wancyuan St., Datong District, Taipei 103, Taiwan. Tel: 886-2-28263321. E-mail:[email protected] (Accepted September 12, 2007) Yu-Feng Hsu and Hang-Chi Huang (2008) On the discovery of Hasora mixta limata ssp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Coeliadinae) from Lanyu, Taiwan, with observations of its unusual immature biology. Zoological Studies 47(2): 222-231. A fairly large skipper, Hasora mixta, was discovered on Lanyu (Orchid I.), off the southeastern coast of Taiwan. Samples of this species from Lanyu were compared with those from other regions, revealing that the wing pattern and male genitalia consistently differ from those of other subspecies, and this is herein described as H. mixta limata, ssp. nov. This skipper is crepuscular or on the wing under cloudy conditions. An investigation of the immature biology of H. mixta limata revealed that it demonstrates an oviposition behavior unusual in skippers, in that it conceals its ova between leaflets of its larval host with spumaline. The papillae anales of the female genitalia are modified so that they can insert ova into tightly attached leaflets of young buds. The specific larval host of H. mixta limata is a legume that requires taxonomic clarification. http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/47.2/222.pdf Key words: New subspecies, Immature biology, Ovum concealment, Philippines. -
Alternative Splicing and Thermosensitive Expression of Dmrt1 During Urogenital Development in the Painted Turtle, Chrysemys Picta
Alternative splicing and thermosensitive expression of Dmrt1 during urogenital development in the painted turtle, Chrysemys picta Beatriz Mizoguchi and Nicole Valenzuela Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America ABSTRACT Background. The doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1 (Dmrt1) is a highly conserved gene across numerous vertebrates and invertebrates in sequence and function. Small aminoacid changes in Dmrt1 are associated with turnovers in sex determination in reptiles. Dmrt1 is upregulated in males during gonadal development in many species, including the painted turtle, Chrysemys picta, a reptile with temperature- dependent sex determination (TSD). Dmrt1 is reported to play different roles during sex determination and differentiation, yet whether these functions are controlled by distinct Dmrt1 spliceoforms remains unclear. While Dmrt1 isoforms have been characterized in various vertebrates, no study has investigated their existence in any turtle. Methods. We examine the painted turtle to identify novel Dmrt1 isoforms that may be present during urogenital development using PCR, profile their expression by RNA-seq across five embryonic stages at male- and female-producing temperatures, and validate their expression pattern via qPCR with transcript-specific fluorescent probes. Results. A novel Dmrt1 spliceoform was discovered for the first time in chelonians, lacking exons 2 and 3 (Dmrt1 1Ex2Ex3). Dmrt1 canonical and 1Ex2Ex3 transcripts were differentialy expressed by temperature at stages 19 and 22 in developing gonads of painted turtles, after the onset of sex determination, and displayed a significant male- Submitted 9 April 2019 biased expression pattern. This transcriptional pattern differs from studies in other Accepted 27 January 2020 turtles and vertebrates that reported Dmrt1 differential expression before or at the onset Published 19 March 2020 of sex determination. -
Breeding Butterflies to Save Butterflies
Breeding Butterflies to Save Butterflies Tropical nuts? Eco-tourism? Sorry. Raising or collecting insects to sell is the only incentive some indigenous peoples have to save their tropical forests. Will you support them? Larry Orsak Director, Christensen Research Institute P.O. Box 305, Madang, PAPUA NEW GUINEA You probably know that virgin tropical forests are declining at an alarming rate -- over half have been cleared in the last 40 years. And you may be aware that up to 2/3rds of all living species are tropical -- an immense wildlife storehouse that contains untold medicines and other products for our future. The case for saving tropical forests is clear. Many support this by buying "products of the rainforest," or helping conservation organisations working in tropical nations. In the face of all this, collecting or buying tropical butterflies seems nothing less than a way to speed up their extinction. Right? Wrong! Those who equate killing butterflies with destroying butterflies don't know much about butterflies, the tropics, or what strategies have gotten people in developing countries to save their forests. The fact is, buying tropical insects for your collection may be the best investment you ever made in tropical forest protection. This fact sheet tells you why. Papua New Guinea (PNG): World Leader in Conserving Tropical Butterflies... by Utilising Them! Papua New Guinea (PNG), a small nation located north of Australia, in another 20 years will likely be one of the last 4 places on earth to still have large tracts of virgin tropical forest (1). And it has some pretty fantastic insects, including the world's largest (Queen Alexandra's Birdwing) and second largest (Goliath Birdwing) butterflies, the world's longest walking stick, largest katydid, hammer-headed flies, and a weevil that grows a garden of lichens and mosses on its back. -
GENETIC ANALYSIS of the FUNCTION of the DROSOPHILA DOUBLESEX-RELATED FACTOR Dmrt93b
The Texas Medical Center Library DigitalCommons@TMC The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Biomedical Sciences Dissertations and Theses Center UTHealth Graduate School of (Open Access) Biomedical Sciences 8-2010 GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE FUNCTION OF THE DROSOPHILA DOUBLESEX-RELATED FACTOR dmrt93B Diana O'Day Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/utgsbs_dissertations Part of the Behavioral Neurobiology Commons, Developmental Biology Commons, and the Genetics Commons Recommended Citation O'Day, Diana, "GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE FUNCTION OF THE DROSOPHILA DOUBLESEX-RELATED FACTOR dmrt93B" (2010). The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Dissertations and Theses (Open Access). 54. https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/utgsbs_dissertations/54 This Dissertation (PhD) is brought to you for free and open access by the The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at DigitalCommons@TMC. It has been accepted for inclusion in The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Dissertations and Theses (Open Access) by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@TMC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE FUNCTION OF THE DROSOPHILA DOUBLESEX-RELATED FACTOR dmrt93B by Diana O’Day, B.S. APPROVED: ______________________________ -
Review of Birdwing Butterfly Ranching in Range States
REVIEW OF TRADE IN RANCHED BIRDWING BUTTERFLIES (Version edited for public release) Prepared for the European Commission Directorate General E - Environment ENV.E.2. – Development and Environment by the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre November, 2007 Prepared and produced by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK ABOUT UNEP WORLD CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE www.unep-wcmc.org The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre is the biodiversity assessment and policy implementation arm of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the world‟s foremost intergovernmental environmental organisation. UNEP-WCMC aims to help decision-makers recognize the value of biodiversity to people everywhere, and to apply this knowledge to all that they do. The Centre‟s challenge is to transform complex data into policy-relevant information, to build tools and systems for analysis and integration, and to support the needs of nations and the international community as they engage in joint programmes of action. UNEP-WCMC provides objective, scientifically rigorous products and services that include ecosystem assessments, support for implementation of environmental agreements, regional and global biodiversity information, research on threats and impacts, and development of future scenarios for the living world. The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP or contributory organisations. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP, the European Commission or contributory organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. -
TRAFFIC BULLETIN 22(3) March 2010 (PDF, 2.5
TRAFFIC 3 BULLETIN TRADE IN WILD MEAT IN CENTRAL AFRICA WEST AFRICA’S MARKET FOR FROG MEAT IVORY IN ETHIOPIA MARCH 2010 VOL. 22 NO. 3 22 NO. VOL. MARCH 2010 The journal of the TRAFFIC network disseminates information on the trade in wild animal and plant resources The TRAFFIC Bulletin is a publication of TRAFFIC, the wild life TRAFFIC trade monitoring net work, which works to ensure that trade in B U L L E T I N wild plants and animals is not a threat to the conser- vation of nature. TRAFFIC is a joint programme of WWF and IUCN. VOL. 22 NO. 3 MARCH 2010 The TRAFFIC Bulletin publishes information and original papers on the subject of trade in wild animals and plants, and strives to be a source of accurate and objective information. The TRAFFIC Bulletin is available free of charge. CONTENTS Quotation of information appearing in the news sections is welcomed without permission, but citation news editorial • technology to age ivory • must be given. Reprod uction of all other material new UK legislation • Saving Plants appearing in the TRAFFIC Bulletin requires written that Save Lives and Livelihoods permission from the publisher. • Alerce • biodiversity indicators • 93 • bushmeat monitoring system • MANAGING EDITOR Steven Broad lemurs hunted for bushmeat • • trade in Clouded Monitors EDITOR AND COMPILER Kim Lochen SUBSCRIPTIONS Susan Vivian (E-mail: [email protected]) feature Application of food balance The designations of geographical entities in this sheets to assess the scale of publication, and the presentation of the material, do the bushmeat trade not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever in Central Africa on the part of TRAFFIC or its supporting 105 organizations con cern ing the legal status of any S. -
Catalogue of Swallowtail Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) at BORNEENSIS
Catalogue of Swallowtail Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) at BORNEENSIS Compiled by: AKINORI NAKANISHI, MOHD. FAIRUS JALIL & NORDIN WAHID Photographs by: AKINORI NAKANISHI & AZRIE ALLIAMAT BBEC Publication No. 24 First Printed 2004 ISBN 983-3108-04-0 Catalogue of Swallowtail Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) at BORNEENSIS Compiled by Akinori Nakanishi, Mohd. Fairus Jalil, & Nordin Wahid Copyright © 2004 Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation, UMS Editors: Akinori Nakanishi (JICA expert / Hyogo Museum) Mohd. Fairus Jalil (Tutor in ITBC, UMS) Nordin Wahid (Assistant in ITBC, UMS) Published by Research & Education Component, Bornean Biodiversity and Ecosystem Conservation (BBEC) Programme in Sabah c/o Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation (ITBC) Universiti Malaysia Sabah Locked Bag 2073 88999, Kota Kinabalu Sabah, Malaysia Design and layout by Mohd. Fairus Jalil & Akinori Nakanishi Cover page: Papilio (Princeps) demolion Catalogue of Swallowtail Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) at BORNEENSIS Compiled by: AKINORI NAKANISHI, MOHD. FAIRUS JALIL & NORDIN WAHID Photographs by: AKINORI NAKANISHI & AZRIE ALLIAMAT Foreward The Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, has a reference collection center called BORNEENSIS. Under the Bornean Biodiversity and Ecosystem Conservation (BBEC) programme, we hope to establish it to be a center form taxonomy and systematic studies for Bornean fauna and flora of the region. In line with this effort we produced records of what is kept at BORNEENSIS, and this book is one. At the same time this small book will act as a guide for those involved with conservation, including students, staff, rangers and naturalists. As we all know butterfly has always been of interest to many people, we hope it will be useful to you too. -
Birdwing Butterflies
Birdwing Butterflies • Birdwing butterflies are the largest of all Australian butterflies. • The male Birdwing is brightly coloured with green, gold and black, and is smaller than the female. • The larger female Birdwing is black and white, with yellow markings on the hindwings. She has a wingspan of up to 20 cm. • Throngs of Birdwing butterflies can be seen around Aristolochia acuminata or Pararistolochia deltantha vines in summer in the tropical rainforests. These vines are also called Dutchman’s Pipe because of the shape of the flowers. • The female Birdwing butterfly lays her eggs on the leaves of these two species of Aristolochia vines. • First, she locates the correct plants by ‘tasting’ various leaves with chemical receptors in her forelegs. These receptors pick up chemical cues from the leaves of the vine. • She also uses sense organs at the end of her abdomen to find tender young leaves which will be suitable for caterpillar food. • Aristolochia vines are poisonous. The Birdwing caterpillars use these plant poison for their own protection by storing the toxins in prominent fleshy orange-red spines on their backs. This colourful protection mechanism prevents birds from eating them. • However, a South American vine called Aristolochia elegans produces very large and attractive flowers and has been introduced to Australia as an ornamental plant. • Unfortunately the female Birdwing butterfly receives the correct chemical cues from the leaves of this vine, and is fooled into laying her eggs on it. However, caterpillars cannot cope with the toxins and are eventually poisoned and killed by this species of Aristolochia vine. • This invasive plant is spreading from gardens into the natural environment and is endangering the future of the beautiful Birdwings. -
Genomic Analysis of the Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea Gigas) Reveals
GENETICS OF SEX Genomic Analysis of the Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Reveals Possible Conservation of Vertebrate Sex Determination in a Mollusc Na Zhang,*,†,‡ Fei Xu,* and Ximing Guo†,1 *National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China, †Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Port Norris, New Jersey 08349, and ‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China ORCID ID: 0000-0002-6758-2709 (X.G.) ABSTRACT Despite the prevalence of sex in animal kingdom, we have only limited understanding of how KEYWORDS sex is determined and evolved in many taxa. The mollusc Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas exhibits complex sex modes of sexual reproduction that consists of protandric dioecy, sex change, and occasional hermaphroditism. determination This complex system is controlled by both environmental and genetic factors through unknown molecular doublesex mechanisms. In this study, we investigated genes related to sex-determining pathways in C. gigas through Sry transcriptome sequencing and analysis of female and male gonads. Our analysis identified or confirmed novel FoxL2 homologs in the oyster of key sex-determining genes (SoxH or Sry-like and FoxL2) that were thought to be oyster vertebrate-specific. Their expression profile in C. gigas is consistent with conserved roles in sex determination, Mollusca under a proposed model where a novel testis-determining CgSoxH may serve as a primary regulator, directly or indirectly interacting with a testis-promoting CgDsx and an ovary-promoting CgFoxL2.Ourfindings plus pre- vious results suggest that key vertebrate sex-determining genes such as Sry and FoxL2 may not be inventions of vertebrates. -
The Insect King of the Forest: Rajah Brooke's Birdwing
CONSERVATION TOURISM TRIPS BORNEO MAMMALS CLUB ABOUT US 1STOPBORNEO NEWS LIBRARY & EDUCATION WILDLIFE FIELD GUIDES CORRIDORS WILDLIFE RESCUE THE INSECT KING OF THE FOREST: RAJAH BROOKE’S BIRDWING November 25, 2020 by Martin Parry THE INSECT KING OF THE FOREST: RAJAH BROOKE’S BIRDWING Introduction CONSERVATION TOURISM TRIPS Rajah Brooke’s Birdwing (RBB) is Malaysia’s national butterfly, being found in rainforests of Peninsular Malaysia as well as in SabBaOh aRnNd ESaOra MwaAk.M InM hAis LbSoo Ck LThUeB M alayA ABrcOhiUpeTla UgoS, Alf1reSd RTuOssePl WBaOllacRe dNesEcrOibes how he nameNd tEhWe bSu tterflLy IaBftRerA JRamYe &s B EroDoUkeC, tAheT IfiOrsNt ‘WWhiteI RLaDjahL’, aIfFteEr enjoying his hospitality in Sarawak; this was in 1855 but of course it FIELD GUIDES CORRIDORS would have already been very familiar to many local people before that date because it is WILDLIFE RESCUE such a large and attractive insect. It is no surprise that Wallace describes feelings of intense emotion when he first encountered species of birdwing butterflies: they are all large and, for a European like him, display colours far more brilliant and exotic than his native butterflies. The classification of the birdwings remains a little unclear, with the total number of species being estimated at between 20 and 30 and they are distributed across the tropical regions of the Indian subcontinent, S.E. Asia and Australasia. They are split into 3 genera: Trogonoptera, Troides and Ornithoptera, with Rajah Brooke’s birdwing now confirmed as Trogonoptera brookiana (T. brookiana) despite being originally named by Wallace as Ornithoptera brookiana (literally, ‘the birdwing of Rajah Brooke’ translated to Latin). -
Karner Blue Butterfly Hummingbird Moth Luna Moth Queen Alexandra's
A Kids for Saving Earth Action Program Can you say Lepidoptera? Let's practice....Lepi ---dop-- Butterflies By Melody, Shang Hai, China tera, lepi--dop--tera. You know how scientists are. They want to use fancy, difficult words to describe things. Let's show them we can do it too. Lepidoptera. We did it! So what's a Lepidoptera? It is either a butterfly or a moth and it's the official name for the scientific family of butterflies and moths. Every butterfly begins its life as an egg laid on a plant by a female butterfly. A tiny caterpillar (larva) hatches from the egg, and its whole job is to eat and grow. It sheds its skin 4 times and gets new skin as it grows. When it loses its skin the last time it begins spin- ning a thick belt that attaches it to a plant stem. Then it forms an outer shell called a pupa (or crysalis). After 10- 14 days the butterfly emerges from its shell. This change is called metamorphisis. More interesting facts. Did you know that there are butterflies and moths on every continent on Earth except Antarctica? Butterfly Project:There’s lots to do to help protect butterflies. Check out the Scientists think that there are over 12,000 species of following activities to get you started. butterflies and up to 250,000 species of moths. Protect Monarchs and other butter- Most moth caterpillars make cocoons, but butterfly flies. Learn about Monarchs and plant a backyard habitat for butter- caterpillars don't. flies. -
Ranching and Conservation of Birdwing and Swallowtail Butterfly Species in the Oil Palm Systems of Papua New Guinea
Journal of Oil Palm Research DOI: https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2019.0030RANCHING AND CONSERVATION OF BIRDWING AND SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLY SPECIES IN THE OIL PALM SYSTEMS OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA RANCHING AND CONSERVATION OF BIRDWING AND SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLY SPECIES IN THE OIL PALM SYSTEMS OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA BONNEAU, L J G*; ERO, M** and SAR, S* ABSTRACT Despite its small size (<200 000 planted hectares, 0.4% of the national surface), the oil palm industry in Papua New Guinea is accused of destroying wildlife habitats, notably for iconic insects such as birdwing and swallowtail butterflies. Two subspecies of butterfly (Ornithoptera priamus bornemanni and Papilio ulysses ambiguus) endemic in West New Britain were used in a study aimed at developing a model, low-maintenance butterfly farm for conserving and propagating iconic species within the oil palm estate environment. Food sources of both the larval and adult stages were identified and investigated for their suitability to produce an abundance of butterflies. Large numbers of O. p. bornemanni were produced when the larval food plant (Aristolochia tagala) was grown at high density. For P. u. ambiguus, the presence of specific nectar-producing plants was sufficient to attract the insect from the wild to breed in the farm. Suggestions for establishment of butterfly farms are provided and it is recommended that the oil palm industry enhance conservation of iconic butterflies by establishing butterfly farms on the estates and increasing butterfly food sources in targeted restoration and conservation areas. Keywords: Ornithoptera, Papilio, nectar, Aristolochia. Date received: 20 February 2019; Sent for revision: 15 March 2019; Received in final form: 9 April 2019; Accepted: 3 July 2019.