Reference Manual

IBM 24 Card Punch IBM 26 Printing Card Punch Minor Revision, October 1965

This edition, A24-0520-3, replaces A24-0520-2. The only signi­ fkant changes are Figure 17, page 21, and the note added to Alphabetic Field-Limit Feature, page 26.

©1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1954, 1957, 1959, 1963 by International Business Machines Corporation

Copies of this and other mM publications can be obtained through IBM Branch Offices. Address comments concerning the contents of this publication to: IBM Customer Manuals, Dept. B98, PO Box 390, Poughkeepsie, New York Contents

Introduction ...... 5 Operating Features ...... 8 Program Card ..... 12 Program Drum . 12 Operations ...... 14 Inserting Cards Manually ...... 14 Numeric Punching with Program Control ...... 15 Alphabetic and Numeric Punching with Program Control 16 Error Correction ...... 17 Error Correction-Partially Prepunched Cards .. 18 Prepunched Master Card Insertion ... 19 IBM 26 Printing Features ...... 20 Special Features ...... 21 Program Card Preparation. 28 Operating Suggestions . ... . 32 Ribbon Replacement ...... 35 Combination Keyboard Summary .. 36 Index ...... 38 Figure 1. IBM 26 Printing Card Punch IBM 24 Card Punch IBM 26 Printing Card Punch

The basic operating unit in IBM accounting is the cards and the identification of prepunched cards into punched card. Punched cards, containing original data which more data must be punched. Direct access to in the form of punched holes, actuate the IBM ma­ all parts of the card bed also permits easy manual in­ chines to perform automatically the various operations sertion and removal of cards when necessary. essential to recordkeeping. The keyboards can be moved anywhere on the read­ Transcribing original data to punched cards is ing board, for the operator's greatest convenience and accomplished by any of several types of IBM card comfort. A combined alphabetic and numeric key­ punches. This manual explains the operation of two board utilizes a novel principle to facilitate the punch­ of these machines, the IBM 24 Card Punch and the ing of cards containing both alphabetic and numeric IBM 26 Printing Card Punch (Figure 1). fields. A group of the right-hand typewriter keys serves These two machines are essentially alike in design, for punching digits as well as letters, with the shift features, and operation. The major difference is that from one function to the other normally made auto­ the printing mechanism of the IBM 26 prints the char­ matically by the program card. This permits the acters on the cards as they are punched. operator to punch an alphabetic field with both hands The machines are easy to operate, quiet, and attrac­ and then, without shifting from the home position, to tive. One of their most important features is the simple punch a numeric field with the right hand only. Use means of setting them up quickly for automatic con­ of the right hand alone for numeric punching frees trol of skipping, or duplicating operations. Each setup, the left hand for document handling. or program, is made by punching a card and mounting This publication contains a complete description of it on a program drum, which is inserted in the machine. the operating features and methods of operation. The same program card can be used repeatedly for a Under Operations, each function is described in detail routine punching operation. as it is first used in a typical situation. All functions and The card punch duplicates common information the combination keyboard are summarized under Com­ from any card into. the following card in a gangpunch bination Keyboard Summary. operation. The duplication can be automatic or through More information on these machines appears in the keyboard. This method of duplicating avoids much these publications: card handling and consequently increases production. The duplicating feature greatly facilitates er:or cor­ IBM 357 Data Collection System rection during keypunching. When an error is made, Installation Manual-Physical Planning A24-1032 the operator need not re-punch the whole card man­ IBM 1001 Data Transmission System ually. Instead, without any card handling, the operator Systems Reference Library Publication A24-1029 duplicates into the next card all correctly punched IBM 26, Model 21 Interpreting Card fields and re-keys only the field in error. The program Punch Bulletin G24-1000 control permits such duplication, field by field, with­ out concern about column numbers. Card Punching Duplication under program control proceeds at a Eighty columns on· the card can be punched, as shown rate of 20 columns per second on the IBM 24, and 18 in Figure 2. columns per second on the IBM 26. Skipping and card release proceed at a rate of 80 columns per second. Each column has twelve punching positions; one After one card is punched in column 80, the next card each for the digits 1 to 9, and one each for the zones feeds into the column-l position in one-fourth of a 0, 11, and 12. The 11-zone punch is sometimes referred second. to as X. As illustrated, digits are recorded by punching Note: Where two speeds are indicated in this pub­ a single hole in the corresponding digit or zero posi­ lication, the lower speed refers to the IBM 26 and the tion of the desired column. higher speed to the IBM 24. A letter is a combination of one zone-punch and one The almost complete visibility of the cards in the digit-punch in the desired column. For example, A is card bed facilitates the design and punching of dual the 12-zone and digit-l punches, N is the ll-zone (X)

5 and digit-5 punches, and Z is the O-zone (zero) and signed for use in a sales accounting application, and digit-9 punches. Some machines have special-character a typical invoice from which the card was punched. keys. The card contains, in punched-hole form, descriptive A special character is one, two, or three holes in the information such as customer name, customer number, desired column as shown in Figure 2. Punching of and location printed in the heading of the invoice, and two or three holes in one column for a letter or special quantitative data for the first commodity printed in character is automatic when the corresponding key the body of the invoice. The fields on the card are in is pressed. the same sequence as the corresponding items of in­ A maximum of four punches can be duplicated into formation on the invoice. This simplifies the reading a single column on the IBM 24 Card Punch. However, of the original document as the information is being duplicating in a single column on the IBM 26 Printing punched. Card Punch must be limited to multiple punches that The card form also illustrates other operations char­ make up a printable character, regardless of the setting acteristic of many card-punching jobs. For example, of the print switch. This eliminates possible damage to columns 1 through 17 are always skipped; columns the printing mechanism. 18 through 56 are punched in the first card for an Punched cards are usually designed so that each invoice, and duplicated into all other cards for that item (or field) of information recorded in the card invoice; and columns 74 to 80 (invoice amount) may can be readily identified. Figure 3 shows a card de- be punched in some cards and skipped in others.

Special Digits Letters Characters 0123456789 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ • 12 Punching ~I Position 11 Punching Position 00000000 00000000 0000000000 0 00000000 1234567891 I I 19 20 21 2223 2425 26 I 4 5354555657515960 61 62 36 65 6 7374 757677 78 79 80 111111111 11111111 :Ii: 1111111111 1 11111111 III - 2222222222 222222222 2 2222222222 2 2 22222222 33333333333 3333333333 33 3 3333333333 3 3 333.33333 444444444444 44444444444 444 44 4444444444 4 4- 44444444 5555555555555 555555555555 5555 555 5555555555 5 5 55555555 66666666666666 6666666666666 66666 66 6 6 6666666666 6 6 66666666 777777777777777 77777777777777 777777 77 77 7 7777777777 7 7 77777777 88888888888888 88 888888888888888 8888888 8888881 8888888888 8 II 81 88888888 99999999999999999 9999999999999999 99999999 9999999 9999999999999999999999999999 12345B7B9W"nUM~~nl ~wvn~NaHnHH~~~~~3$nu»~~u~«~u~uu~~~~~~"~"""~~U~~~u"~~nn n74~nnn~"

Figure 2. Punching Positions in Card

6 GENERAL MANUFACTURING COMPANY ENDICOTT. N. Y.

CUSTOMER'S ORDER NO. 311 INVOICI;: DATI;: 12-31 INVOICE NO. 12349

SOLD TO New Mexico C~ 216 wysor Building CUSTOMER NO. 59751 Houston, Texas

SHIP TO Above Malle all eI.eells SALESMAN Macy-67 fJayable 10 GENERAL MANUFACTURING COMPANY SHIPPED VIA Truck Prepaid Endicott. N. Y

TERMS 'i!fo 10 Days Net 30

QUANTITY COMMOD.TY No. OESCIIIPTION PIIICE AMOUNT

Casters 40 11202 Sq. Shank Swivel .83 33.20 75 13102 Flat Top Rigid .84 63.00 5 17203 Ext. Shank with Brk. 1.62 8.10 2 32105 Bolt and Nut Shank 2.64 5.28 4 44104 Rnd. Spr. Ring Stem. 3.51 14.04 40 62110 Bolt and Nut Shank 7.25 290.00 Freight .78 414.40

NEW HEX CO 69751 ~1143 1968 1:: 06 1231 1234" 004 1120;: 1000332(1- a a a CUST. .. .. • NY. COM- .TEII INVOICE a" QUANmY a CUSTER NAMii 110. ~~ cC ~ lei Ifci~ NO. MODITY AMOUNT o AMOUNT ",oJ,..u i ~z NO. 00000000000000001 000000000000 00000 on 000 000 00 000 00 00 000 DO 000 aD aaoo o,o~ o 0 0 0 0,0 0 "345618IWllnlJK15~1 1181928212223242526'l1282! 303I32"~ :J253"Ma55e g22~~ 6263646566 lli11mllOHl7113 74151E11 181'9BI! 31". '''' " ."...... "49 11111111111111111 111111111111 l111a 70 all 111 01 111 al ~[ alill 11111 aalll 11111,11, 1 1 1 1 "1, 1 22222222222222222 222222222222 22222 2l 222 222 22 222 2[ 22 20222 22222 22D2~ 2222 21a 2 2 2 2 2 212 2 I 3 3 33333333(1333 33333 3 J 33(1 333 3~ 33 3 ~ 3 D3 33(133 3 3333 33333 33300'33 3 3 3 3 3:3 3 SALES , 1 4 44440444444 4 44444 ~4 404 444 44 444 44 44 444(14 44404 44444 44444'44 44 4 4 414 4 ACCOUNTING 4 I I 5 5 0(1555(1555555 ~ 5505 55 555 555 55 555 5555 55555 55555 55555 5 5 5 5 515 5 555 5 5:5 5 I 1 66666666666666666 660666666066 66 666 66 666 606 66 606 6666 666 66 6 6 6 6 6 66666 6 6 6 6 616 6 B6 6 6 616 6 , 1 77777777777777777 777777077777 77077 77 777 777 77 77C 7777 77777 77777 77777 77 7 77177 77 7 77:77 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 B8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 a8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 808 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 818 8 8 8 8 8 8:8 8 I 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 909 9 9 9 9 9.9 909 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 gO 9 9 9 9 g 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 919 9 9 9 9 9 9.9 9 1 2 J 4 5 6 1 8 910111213141518111819211'" 22132425262128 293031323334353631JB i 404142 434J454641484!l5051 525l54555E 515U960611i26164656661681:l9 701111213141& 16 7178h9~ ISM

Figure 3. Document and Punched Card

7 Operating Features

Figure 4 indicates the operating features described The first two cards to be punched must be fed by key, here. but all other cards in the hopper can be fed automatic­ ally, under switch control. Card Hopper The card hopper, with a capacity of approximately 500 cards, is on the upper right side of the machine. Place cards in the hopper face forward, 9's down. A Punching Station sliding pressure plate ensures uniform feeding. Punching is performed at the first of two stations in When the cards are in the hopper and the pressure the card bed through which the cards pass from right plate is in position, the top portion of the card above to left. Usually, to start an operation, two cards are the zero row is visible from the left edge of the card fed into the card bed at the right of the punching through column 9, from column 29 through column 52, station. As the second card is fed in, the first card is and from column 72 to the right edge of the card automatically registered for punching-that is, it is (Figure 5). Because cards feed from the front of the positioned at the punching station. While the first hopper, any markings in these three sections on the card is being punched, the second card is at the right next card to be fed can be seen while the card is still in the card bed. When column 80 of the first card in the hopper. This feature is most advantageous in passes the punching station, the second card is regis­ punching serially numbered cards or cards that are tered at the punching station, and the next card in partially punched and interpreted. the hopper is fed into the right of the card bed. This A card feeds from the hopper to the card bed auto­ method of card feeding minimizes the time required matically or when the operator presses the feed key. for feeding and ejecting.

Main-line Card Hopper Switch

_----- Printing Mechanism

Card _------Punching Station Stacker _--- Functional Control Switches Reading Station

Keyboard

Reading Board

Figure 4. IBM 26 Operating Features

8 Figure 5. Card Visibility in the Card Hopper

A single card can be placed in the card bed by hand punching operation. Card handling is necessary only and registered in punching position by key. when an operation requires duplication from pre­ The whole card is visible before it is registered, and punched master cards. In this case, insert the pre­ at least 71 columns are visible after punching has punched master card manually at the right of the started. For example, when column 15 is to be punched reading station before the next card to be punched is (Figure 6), columns 1-12 and columns 22-80 are vis­ registered. Then, register both the master card and the ible. This feature simplifies the design of dual cards detail card at their respective stations by pressing the and facilitates keypunching. Information can be re­ register key. corded (marked or printed) on a dual card anywhere The whole card is visible before it is registered at other than in the two columns to the left or six columns the reading station, and at least 68 columns are visible to the right of the column in which the information is after reading has started. For example, when column to be punched. The narrow pressure arm and the 15 is being read, columns 1-8 above the 7-row and plastic guide in the right of the card bed must be con­ columns 21-80 are visible. sidered, however, when designing dual cards. For most efficient design, test the proposed design through the machine before placing an order for cards. Cards Card Stacker with certain lower corner cuts cannot be fed satisfac­ The' card stacker, with a capacity of approximately torily through the card bed. (See Corner Cuts.) 500 cards, .is on the upper left side of the machine on a level with the hopper. After each card passes the reading station, it feeds into the stacker automatically Reading Station or by key. Cards stack at an angle, 12's down, face The reading. station, where the cards are read for back, and are held in position by a card weight. When duplicating, is about one card length to the left of the the cards are removed from the stacker, they are in punching station. Consequently, each card that has their original sequence. been punched passes through the reading station as the next card is being punched. The two cards move in synchronism, column by column, and information Main-Line Switch to be duplicated is transferred from the first card to The main-line switch is at the rear of the stacker. The the second. This principle of duplication is the same as machine can be started about one-half minute after gangpunching. Reading from one card to another can the main-line switch is turned on. This allows sufficient be controlled, field by field, so that only the desired time for the electronic tubes to heat. When the stacker information is duplicated. becomes full, the switch automatically goes off. This feature eliminates card handling for the dupli­ When the main-line switch is turned on, press the cation of information from cards prepared during the release key before starting operation. This ensures that

9 00000000000000000000000000 nHH~~n.N~HVHHU~~O«6"O""~M~5 ~~~~~~~~~~"M~"ro"g~~~rennn~ 11111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111 222222222222222222222222222222222 222222212222222222222 3 3 3 Visible 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Visible 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 when when ~column 15 ...------column 15 ----~ __------.. is to be is to be 5 5 5 punched 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 punched 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6U66666666 666666666666666666666666666666666666666666 666666666G666 7777777777777777777777777777717717771111771777771111111177 8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 9999 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 , 1 3 " 281930 3132 ~334l53631383940 41424344454641484950 5! 525354555651585960 61 6263&4&5 68&1 685910 11121314151611181980

Figure 6. Card Visibility at the Punching Station the program card is at column 1 and that any card at where it is read by a sensing mechanism. The drum re­ the punching station is released. volves in step with the movement of the cards past the punching and reading stations so that the program codes control the operations, column by column. Thus, Reading Board the program unit affords a highly flexible means of A reading board provides ample space for source doc­ controlling automatic operations. uments from which the cards are punched. If extra The program unit also controls printing functions as space is required, a larger reading board extending described under IBM 26 Printing Features. about ten inches to the left of the standard board is available. Program Control Lever Backspace Key The program control lever, located below the program unit, controls operation of the program unit. Turn on This key is below the card bed, between the reading and punching stations. As long as it is held down, the this lever to lower the program sensing mechanism so cards at the punching and reading stations backspace that it rests on the program drum, and the codes continuously until column 1 is reached. At the same punched in the program card control the various automatic operations. Turn off the lever to raise the time the program card, which controls skipping and duplicating, also backspaces. Backspacing should not program sensing mechanism so that the program drum be attempted after column 78 is passed without first can be easily removed or inserted. Turn this lever to removing the card from the card bed at the right. the OFF position whenever a program card is not in the machine. The backspace key can also be used to release the keyboard after it has been locked (described in Key­ board Locking) on IBM 24 punches with serial numbers Column Indicator higher than 23639 or IBM 26 punches with serial num­ The indicator, located at the base of the program­ bers higher than 12260. drum holder, indicates the next column to be punched. Refer to this indicator as a guide for spacing or back­ Program Unit spacing to a particular column. The program unit controls automatic skipping, auto­ matic duplicating, and shifting from numeric to alpha­ betic punching and vice versa. Each of these opera­ Pressure-Roll Release Lever tions is designated by a specific code recorded in a The pressure-roll release lever is next to the column program card. The operator fastens the program card indicator. Press this lever to permit the manual re­ around a program drum and inserts it in the machine, moval of a card from the punching or reading station.

10 Normally, a card can be removed in one piece if it is The combination keyboards have the best features pulled out with care. If torn pieces are caught at either of both a typewriter and a numeric keypunch. The station, push them out with another card or a smooth­ letter keys are arranged for operation by the standard edged metal blade while holding down the pressure­ typewriter touch system, while the digit keys are roll release lever. Do not use saw-edged metal blades. placed so that a rapid 3-finger touch system can be used. The usual numeric keys on a typewriter have been eliminated; instead, a group of dual-purpose Chip Box and Fuses keys at the right serves for digit punching as well as The chip box is under the reading board. When it is letter punching. This permits numeric punching with removed, the fuses for the machine are accessible. the right hand from the normal home position for alphabetic punching. The touch system for the ten numeric keys is: index finger for digits 1, 4 and 7; Printing Mechanism middle finger for digits 2, 5, and 8; and ring finger for This feature is available only on the IBM 26 Printing digits 0, 3, 6 and 9. The punching of a digit or a letter Card Punch. with any of the combination keys depends on the shift of the keyboard. For example, pressing the 4-J Keyboards key punches a 4 when the keyboard is in numeric shift, but a J when in alphabetic shift. This shifting is Specify anyone of two types of cable-connected key­ similar to upper or lower case shifting on a standard boards: Figure 7 shows the numeric keyboard only typewriter and may be controlled automatically by the (two special characters: - and &). program unit or manually by key. The section con­ Figure 8 shows the combination alphabetic and nu­ taining the combination keys is readily distinguishable meric keyboard ( four additional special character by the blue area of the key plate. On the combination keys-ll special characters in all). keyboard, the fourth row of keys contains four special­ On all keyboards, the punching keys are gray with character keys at the left. These keys punch eight blue lettering and the control keys are blue with white characters as shown on the key tops; four in numeric lettering. The home keys are more concave than the and four in alphabetic shift. other keys to facilitate accurate touch operation. The The blue keys, which control functions of the ma­ keyboards are so interlocked that no two character chine, are explained under Operations. keys can be completely pressed at the same time, but The green correction key is explained under Special it is not necessary to wait for one key to rise before Features. pressing another. This design permits rolling of keys. To punch multiple digits manually in one column, hold down the MULT PCH (multiple punch) key while Function Control Switches pressing the keys one at a time. If the punch is not Two ON-OFF switches, controlling automatic functions, equipped with a multiple punch key, use the space bar. are explained under Operations. A third switch, to con-

Figure 7. Numeric Keyboard Figure 8. Combination Alphabetic and Numeric Keyboard

11 trol printing, is explained under IBM 26 Printing Fea­ with the automatic-skip-and-duplicate switch, which tures. These three switches are: must be on to start the duplicating automatically. AUTO FEED Alphabetic Shift (1) AUTO SKIP AND AUTO DUP PRINT When the program card is in the machine, the com­ bination keyboard is normally in numeric shift, and pressing anyone of the 2-purpose keys causes a figure to be punched. To punch a letter, the combination key­ Program Card board must be shifted for alphabetic punching. This A program card, which is a basic part of the program shifting is performed automatically by a 1 in the pro­ unit, is prepared for each punching application and gram card in each column of the alphabetic field. can be used repeatedly. Proper punching in this pro­ During duplication of alphabetic information, the 1's gram card controls the automatic operations for the permit automatic spacing over blank columns and pre­ corresponding columns of the cards being punched. vent X-skipping caused by letters containing X-punches The control punching required in the program card (J through R). depends on the functions to be controlled, that is, On a numeric machine, the only function of the 1's skipping, duplicating, and alphabetic punching. Each is to permit automatic spacing over blank columns row in the program card serves a specific purpose in when duplicating. this respect. Program Card Codes Field Definition (12) The four basic program codes are summarized here Punch a 12 in every column except the first (left-hand and are illustrated in Figure 9. Two additional codes, position) of every field to be skipped, duplicated, or which control printing features of the IBM 26, are also manually punched. These 12's serve to continue to listed here and are explained under IBM 26 Printing the end of a field, any skip or duplication started with­ Features. in that field. Treat as a single field several consecutive fields to be automatically skipped or duplicated as one Code Function .field. Don't program a single-column field with a 12 12 Field Definition -code. 11 Start Automatic Skip The 12's punched in the program card for manually o Start Automatic Duplication 1 Alphabetic Shift punched fields permit occasional skipping or dupli­ 2 Left Zero Print cating. This skipping or duplicating is started by key 3 Print Suppressio_n and is carried across the field by the 12's. This type of skipping is similar to an X-level skip on other IBM card The other digit rows, in the program card, control punches; the occasional duplicating may be desired functions with the alternate program feature. (See in the case of two or more cards with the same infor­ Special Features.) mation, or in the duplication of the correct fields of an error card. Program Drum Automatic Skip (11) The program card is mounted on a program drum for An 11 punched in the first column of any field auto­ insertion in the machine. The program drum has a matically starts a skip, which is continued over that clamping strip to hold the card, and a handle on the field by the 12's punched in the remaining columns of top to tighten or release the strip. To fasten a card the field. If a single column is to be automatically around the drum (Figure 10) : skipped, punch it with an 11. This coding operates with 1. Hold the drum in a horizontal position with the the automatic-skip-and-duplicate switch, which must handle to the right. Turn the handle away (counter­ be on to start the skipping automatically. clockwise direction) as far as it will go. This loosens the smooth edge of the clamping strip. Automatic Duplication (0) 2. Insert the column-80 edge of the card under the A zero punched in the first column of any field auto­ smooth edge of the clamping strip. Two alignment matically starts duplication, which is continued over check holes in the clamping strip make it possible that field by the 12' s punched in the remaining columns to see that the card is Hush with the metal edge of the field. If a single column is to be automatically under the strip. The card should be positioned so duplicated, punch it with a zero. This coding operates that the 9's edge is against the rim of the drum.

12 I n nDDD DDDDD DDDD!]!]!]!]!]!]!]!]!]!]!]!]!] DD!]!] D!]!]!]!] !]!]!]!]!]~ !]!]!]D!][ !]!]!]!]~ !]!]!]E~ DDDDDDDDD /~=n QUANTITY COMMODITY PRICE SALES COST DATE INVOICE IlS a DESCRIPTION CODE AMOUN' AMOUN' Mo. DAY YI. 110. i !] o0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 010 0 ~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 010 0 0 0 0 0 010 0 0 0 0 0 010 0 !] 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 Do 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 12345678910111'2'3' c: 1718192021222324252621282930313233 536138 94041434344 54641484915051525354555~515859606162~36H5666168B" 117314151611187980 11111111111111 ; 000011001111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 E 111111111 ...... _ I I I :::> r-c!i;"""'·-_'z -c 0 22222222222222222 -c 2r--'- 2 ~ 22 - 22 - 2 - 0'222222222 -;-c; .~ - u - ~ ~ ~ u ~ U .....- .u_ "-0 c. 3 .~"O III 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 .~"O .~"O 3 3, .~"O 3 3 .111"0 3 3 :: ~ 3 .~"O III 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ..... ~ ..... ~ ..... ~ ..... ~ ..L: .~ 0 0 .....~II-!=Ir'-';";'';'';'';'';'';'';'''' -0 ~ Eo:;; 4 -:v ~ 41Man u a' F i ~ I d 14 4 -:v -:v 4 -:v 44 -:v 4 4 E ~ 4 - :v Ig Aut 0 ~ a t i <1 :::> E ..- en ~ E c: 'I A' ph abe tIC I' ~ E ~ E ~ E ~ E 0 D.. ~ E en 5 kip c::::>:::> 5 c::::> ci) 55555555555555555 c::::> c::::> 5 c::::> 55 c::::> 55 ;~ 5 c::::> I 555555555 oZ « ~Z I ~Z oZ oZ oZ « ~Z ! L:~:::..~.. __ 6 Q 65666666666666666 _:- ~ 6 ~ 6& ~ 66 _ 6 0 666&66666 I~ I I I •.~ 77777 777 7 7 717 7 tv> 777777717777777777777771711111111111117 11111 7~ 111111111 l' 7 11 7 7 111 I 0 I I 1 0 88888888 8 8 818 8 ..- 8888888888888888888 8888 8 8 818 8 8 8 8 8 818 8 8 8 8 8 818 8 8 8 8 8888888 I 0 888888888 1 :::> I 1 1 ..- 99999999 9 9 919 9 ;; 999999999999999999999999991999999919999999199999999999 9 9 :::> 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1234567 8 9 10 1111213 "'51611 18 19202122232425262128293031 3233j 353 3138394041434344 5464148'9150515253545;5"515a~96061626lb46566;76861« 121314J~"'1I18J~g, :.- Figure 9. Program Card

3. Turn the handle to the center position. This tightens To keep the program card for each punching ap­ the smooth edge of the clamping strip and loosens plication on a drum ready for insertion in the machine, the toothed edge. order extra drums. 4. Wrap the card tightly around the drum and insert the column-l edge under the toothed edge of the clamping strip. 5. Turn the handle toward you (clockwise direction)

as far as it will go. This fastens the toothed edge Clamping Strip of the clamping strip. The drum is now ready to be inserted in the machine. To remove a card from the drum, reverse the pro­ cedure. With the program sensing mechanism raised, place the drum on the spindle under the center cover of the punch, positioned so that the aligning pin falls in the aligning hole in the column-indicator dial. Turn on the program-control lever to lower the reading star wheels onto the program card, and press the release key to engage the reading mechanism fully. Whenever the Aligning drum is to be removed, first turn off the program-con­ trollever to raise the star wheels. Figure 10. Program Drum

13 Operations

Inserting Cards Manually keyboard is in alphabetic shift. When the program­ In certain instances it is desirable to insert cards man­ control lever is turned on, the keyboard is in numeric ually, one at a time, as in the case of making over a shift for all columns except those punched with the damaged card or correcting an error found while alphabetic field coding in the program card. If it is necessary to punch occasional digits with the program verifying. Also, when an individual card accompanies each original document, manual insertion is necessary. off or in an otherwise alphabetic field (such as Motor A card can be manually inserted in the card bed to Generator 12), hold down the numeric shift key while the right of either the punching station or the reading pressing the digit keys. Similarly, when it is necessary station. Do not insert a single card in the hopper. to punch some letters in an otherwise numeric field (such as 123B6), hold down the alphabetic shift key In this illustration (Figure 11), cards prepunched while pressing the letter keys. These are non-locking with part code are to be punched with part name, and must be held down when used. which is written on an accompanying ticket. When duplicating, press the alphabetic shift key REGISTER KEY to permit automatic spacing over blank columns and to Press this key: prevent skipping caused by X-punching. 1. to register (advance into position) for punching column 1 of the card at the right of the punching station RELEASE KEY 2. to register for reading column 1 of the card at the Press the release key to advance the cards registered right of the reading station . at the punching and reading stations past those sta­ 3. to stack a card from the left of the card bed. tions. When the operator releases a card because of an Because it does not feed a card from the hopper, this error, common information in fields beyond the release key is usually used when cards are inserted manually. column is preserved. With program control ON, the card punch automatically punches the fields pro­ NUMERIC SHIFT KEY; ALPHABETIC SHIFT KEY grammed for automatic duplication. Thus, a card can When a combination keyboard is installed and the be released at any time without losing master-card card punch is operated without program control, the information.

11 89: 652 23 1 PART CODE r PART CODE I PART NAME LASJ SERIAL OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO~o00000000000000000000000000 113'56'89m"~n~~mn~~~"Vn~1~PUU~MU~~~~VH~~~~Q«~UUUU5~~5+'~~P~9~~U~~~"p~~~nnnu~nHnn~ ~ 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 Dl'I"""1""'1'1'1'1'1' 11111

!!! 2222222222222222222222 'J 2 22222222222222222222222222222122 DD 222222 222 2 2 222 2 2 222 2222 I 3 J 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 313 3 3 3 D33 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Key Punch -...... Prepunched ~ 44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444144444 444444444444444444444 I 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 515 D5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 66S666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666661D66666666666666666666666666 I 777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777711777771777777777771771717777777777 I 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 D818 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

I~9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 ~99999~999999999999999999999 113'56'89~"~na~~n~W~"nnN2Upun~Mn»~~HVH~~~~Q«~UUU~5 1~"'"~PU9~~UU"~"u""~nnnU~nHnn~

Figure 11. Inserting Cards Manually

14 Procedure for Inserting Cards Manually (Figure 11) In an automatic feeding operation, this key ordinarily l. Place a card in the card bed at the right of the is used only at the beginning to feed the first two cards punching station. from the hopper into the card bed. Press the key twice at this time. Press it first to feed the first card from the 2. Press the register key to advance. the card into hopper. Press it again to register the first card at the punching position. punching station and to feed the second card into the 3. Punch part name, starting in column 1; press the card bed beneath the right end of the first card. numeric shift key when necessary. The feed key is inoperative when a card is registered 4. After punching the part name, release the card. at the punching station, unless the main-line switch has been turned off and then on again. 5. Insert the next card in the card bed at the right of the punching station and press the register key. AUTOMATIC SKIP AND DUPLICATESWITCH This registers the first card at the reading station and the new card at the punching station. After the When this switch is ON, the program punching for second card is punched, press the release key to automatic skipping and automatic duplicating is effec­ release the first card at the left of the reading sta­ tive. When this switch is OFF, the 11 (start automatic tion. It moves into the stacker when the third card skip) and 0 (start automatic duplication) codes in the is registered. program card are nullified. Automatic skipping pro­ ceeds at the rate of 80 columns per second; automatic duplicating, at 20 columns per second (IBM 24), and 18 columns per second (IBM 26). Numeric Punching with Program Control On the IBM 26 Printing Card Punch, multiple­ Usually, in a punching operation, the cards are in the punched columns that deviate from standard alpha­ card hopper and feed into the card bed automatically. betic or special-character punching should not be Also, as the cards are punched, the program card con­ programmed for automatic duplication. trols the automatic functions such as skipping and AUTOMATIC-FEED SWITCH duplicating. In this illustration, labor distribution cards are to be When the automatic-feed switch is ON and column 80 punched with numeric information according to the of a card passes the punching station, a new card feeds fields shown. Figure 12 shows how the card is punched automatically. At the same time, the card in the left to serve as a program card, indicating the type of oper­ of the card bed is stacked, the one in the center is ation to be performed in each field. Columns 3-6 and registered at the reading station, and the one at the 34 and 35 are to be automatically duplicated; columns right is registered at the punching station. This auto­ 48-80 are to be automatically skipped; all other fields matic feeding occurs when column 80 of the card are to be keypunched. passes the punching station by anyone of the three possible operations-punching, skipping, or releasing.

FEED KEY Procedure for Numeric Punching with Program Control Press this key: Figure 12 shows the program card for this procedure: l. to feed a card from the hopper to the card bed 1. Place unpunched cards in the card hopper. 2. to register a card at the punching station 2. Press the feed key twice to feed two cards into the 3. to register a card at the reading station card bed. The first card registers automatically as 4. to stack a card. the second card feeds.

o oon nn nnn nnnn nnnn n nnnnn n n nnnn nn nnn nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn PART OR ~ EMPLOYEE DATE RATES ..,:ci -A-.. KIND ACCOUNT PIECES ~g ORDER NO. .. oris NO. HOUR AMOUNT n MO. DAY REG. O. T. NO...... ~i :lElli DIP!. CLOCK o000 0 0 010 0 010 0 0 o010 0 0 o010 0 0 00 0001000 00 no 00000 0010 00100 000000000800000000000000000000000 1 2 3 4 5 6 118 9 lOin 12 13 14 15~16 1118 19201212223 242 2621281293031 323 3435 36313839·40 414214 444514647 8~~~~~~~~N~~~~~~H~~"~"ronnnM~nnn~~ 1 1 1 11 1 111 1 111 1 1 111111 111111 11 1111111 11 11 11111 1 1II 111111 11111111111111111111111111111111 I I I I I I I 2 2 2 2 2 2 212 2 212 2 2 2 212 2 2 221222 22 2 2 212 2 2 22 22 22222 2212 2 212 2 2 22222222222222222222222222222222 I I I I I I I 3 3 3 3 3 3 313 3 313 3 3 331333 3 313 3 3 33 3 3 313 3 3 H 33 33333 3313 3 313 3 3 3 3 3 3 LABOR DISTRIBUTION 3 3 3 3 3 I I I I I I I Figure 12. Numerical Punching

15 3. Keypunch columns 1 and 2 (program card punched quent; if there is about an equal number of each, pro­ with a 12 in column 2) . gram the field for alphabetic punching. 4. Columns 3-6 are programmed for automatic dupli­ In punching alphabetic names or descriptions that cation (program card punched with a 0 in column vary in length, it is usually desirable to skip over that 3 and 12's in columns 4-6). Key manually the Brst part of the field, at the right, which is not used. In this card of each date group with the automatic-dupli­ illustration, a portion of the name field should be cate switch OFF. Then, turn on the switch and the skipped on most cards. Because the starting point of date in each succeeding card is automatically du­ this skipping varies from card to card, it must be con­ plicated from the preceding card. Thus, no card trolled manually by pressing the skip key. handling is necessary even for changes in informa­ Another type of skipping that must be controlled by tion being automatically duplicated. key is illustrated in the trading-area field. The trading­ 5. Keypunch columns 7-33 (program card punched area code is to be punched for some customers but not with a 12 in each column except the first position of for others. In the latter case, column 75 is to be x­ each field). punched to indicate that no code was supplied, and 6. Columns 34 and 35 are programmed for automatic the rest of the field is to be skipped. The 11-punch is duplication (program card punched with a 0 in used for control in later operations. column 34, and 12 in column 35). In the same When a field is to be punched with the same infor­ manner as date in columns 3-6, key manually the mation in a few successive cards, only the first card machine group for the first card of each group and must be manually punched; the field in the following it is automatically duplicated in other cards. cards can be punched by pressing a single key. In this 7. Keypunch columns 36-47 (program card punched illustration, salesman number in columns 78 and 79 with a 12 in each column except the first position of may be the same for several consecutive cards and can each field). be duplicated by key. 8. The card punch automatically skips columns 48-80 (program card punched with an 11 in column 48, SKIP KEY and 12's in columns 49-80). The automatic skip and Press this key to skip any field coded with 12's in the duplicate switch must be ON. program card. Pressing the key starts the skip, and the 12's in succeeding columns of the field continue the 9. With the automatic-feed switch ON, an automatic feed occurs after column 80 is skipped. skip for the rest of the field. This key is primarily for skipping the unused right-hand portion of an alpha­ betic field. The card punch skips 80 columns per Alphabetic and Numeric Punching second. with Program Control Numeric fields skipped with this key are blank and Although the keyboard is normally in numeric shift cannot be duplicated later, as in correcting punching when the program is turned on, alphabetic information errors. can be punched by changing to alphabetic shift. This is done either manually by pressing the alphabetic­ DASH SKIP (OR) DASH KEY shift key or automatically by coding in the program When the keyboard is in numeric shift (-SKIP), card. Columns 6-26 of Figure 13 illustrate the 1 coding pressing this key punches an 11 and causes skipping for the automatic shift to alphabetic position. If a field for the rest of the field as determined by the successive is to be punched with both alphabetic and numeric columns punched 12 in the program card. This skip­ characters, program it for whichever are more fre- ping is at the rate of 80 columns per second. When the

DDDD DDDDDDCDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD~~~DDDDDDDDD D DDDDDDDDDD DDD DD D CDS· CUSTOMER .AME. ADDRESS. i .,; i ... ~ TOMER DTUDIIS ~ CARRIER NAME ~ "'co AIEl ...... NO. a i... =:l 00000 000000800000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000 00 00000000000 0000 0000 000 1 2 3 4 5 11"~"~QM~~OUUmnnnU~H vaam~U»M».p.H~~~a"~.~ •• ~~~~~D~ 5118 5910 6112 83 M &5 6117 II II 111112n 14 151111 1111l1li 1 1111 ~DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 11 1 11 11 1 11 11111111111 1111 1 lIt I 11 HEADING CARD 22222 222222222222222222222 222222222222222222222222222222 22 22222222222 2222 2222 222 33333 333333333333333333333 333333333333333333333333333333 33 33333333333 3333 3333 333

Figure 13. Alphabetic and Numerical Punching 16 keyboard is in alphabetic shift (-), pressing this key 6. Keypunch carrier code in columns 57 and 58 (pro­ punches an 11, but does not cause skipping. The 11- gram card punched with a 12 in column 58). hole can be used for special character (-) printing. 7. Columns 59-69 are skipped automatically (pro­ Numeric fields skipped with this key can be dupli­ gram card punched with an 11 in column 59 and cated later in card correction because the duplication 12's in columns 60-69). of the X causes the rest of the field to be skipped. 8. Keypunch customer number in columns 70-73

DUPLICATE KEY (program card punched with 12's in columns 71-73). Use this key to duplicate any information manually punched in one card and common to one or more 9. Column 74 is skipped automatically (program card successive cards. Pressing this key at the beginning of punched with an 11). a field starts duplication, and the 12's punched in the 10. The trading-area field in columns 75-77 is coded program card continue the duplication for the rest in the program card for manual numeric punch­ of the field. ing (blank in column 75 and 12's in columns 76 With program control, duplication is at the rate of and 77). Optional X-skipping of the field is con­ 18 or 20 columns per second; without program control, trolled by pressing the dash-skip key, which also duplication is at the rate of 9 or 10 columns per second punches an 11 in column 75. and occurs only as long as the key is held down. This 11. Keypunch columns 78 and 79. Salesman number is latter type of duplication permits the operator to have frequently the same for several successive cards. precise column control and is used in re-punching After keypunching the first card, duplicate the damaged cards or correcting errors found during a following ones by pressing the duplicate key in verifying operation. column 78. Pressing this key for the duplication of blank col­ 12. Keypunch column 80, after which the next card umns in a field programmed for numeric punching feeds automatically. The automatic-feed switch should not be attempted because it locks the keyboard. must be on. Unlock the keyboard by pressing the backspace key or the alphabetic-shift key on a combination keyboard. Error Correction With the IBM 26 Printing Card Punch, do not dup­ Errors in punching are often noticed and corrected by licate multiple-punched columns that deviate from the operator at the time they are made. Usually this standard alphabetic or special-character punching. involves re-keying a large portion of the card. This card punch reduces re-keying to a minimum, requires no concern about the precise column in which the Procedure for Alphabetic and Numeric Punching error occurred, minimizes the possibility of making with Program Control another error while correcting the first, and practically Figure 13 shows the program card for this procedure: eliminates card handling. As an example, the correc­ 1. Place a deck of unpunched cards in the card tion of an error in the pieces field of the labor distri­ hopper, and press the feed key twice to feed two bution card (Figure 14) is made as follows: cards. 1. Press the release key immediately upon detecting 2. The card punch automatically skips columns 1-5 the error. This advances the card without punching (program card punched with an 11 in column 1 the fields coded for manual punching, but allows and 12's in columns 2-5). The automatic skip and duplication of the fields programmed for automatic duplicate switch must be on. duplication beyond the point of release. Therefore, 3. Punch columns 6-26 with customer name, address, columns 34 and 35 are duplicated into the error or carrier name (program card punched with l's card as it is being released. This retains the common in columns 6-26). The 1's automatically shift the information for duplication into the following cards. keyboard from numeric to alphabetic punching. The three cards in the card bed advance to their When figures are to be punched in this field, press proper stations and a new card feeds from the the numeric-shift key. hopper. 4. Press the skip key at the end of the alphabetic 2. Duplicate the kind field by pressing the duplicate punching to skip over the rest of the field (pro­ key once. gram card punched with 12's in columns 7-26). 3. Columns 3-6 are programmed to duplicate auto­ 5. Columns 27-56 are skipped automatically (pro­ matically, as shown in Figure 12. gram card punched with an 11 in column 27 and 4. Manually duplicate the regular rate, overtime rate, 12's in columns 28-56). and part of account-number fields by pressing the

17 DATE RATES PART OR ... EMPLOYEE KINO ACCOUNT PIECES ... ORDER NO. ~; NO. HOURS AMOUNT MO. DAY REG. O.T. HO. ~~ ~i .c ..... in. CUiCK 000001 O!OOO!O 00 0~1~ DOD 0'00 0 0 0 OOO~DOOO ~o 00 00000,0001000 0 0000000000000000000000000000000 1 2 3 5. 71. 9 1~ 1112 13 " 15 16"17 1 112Oi;; 22 23 24 25 p..n 21 30 31 32 33 3137 .3I40414243"4S~"7"411 ~~~9M""~ •• 40naa .... n •• 20nnn24n20nnn. 1 0 11 D1111111111111111111111111 111111111 1M11 11111 :111 :1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 I '-! 222122222 22 22 !'oUI2 2~212 212 2 2 2 2222222222222222222222222222222 """ ':" ':" '0,12" 'If:, ~" I Automatic 3 3333313331333331333 3:3 ~33 333133333 33 33 Duplication 33 3 3 3 LABOR DISTRIBUTION 33 333 1 I 444444~44~44444~44 4~ 444 444~4444 44 44 Columns 34-35 4444444444444444444444444444444 5 5 5 5 50 5:0 55'50 5 5 5i5 0 5 01 5 5 5 5 555155555 55 55 5 5 5 5 5:5 5 515 5 5 5 5555555555555555555555555555555 6 &60 6 6 616 6 6:6 6 6 6 616 6 I ~ 16 6 6 6 6 666166666 6& 66 6 6 6 6 6:6 &616 6 66 6666666 66 6 6 66 6 && 6 66 6 6 6 66 6 6 6 6 66 6 I I I I 77 7 7 7 7 717 77i1l7 17 717 7 r 7 1i7 7 7 7 777171717 70 77 7 7 7 7 717 7 717 7 7 7 77 7 77 7 7 77 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 77 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 88 8 8 8 8 a'8 88'S 81 Transposition 8 a 888188888 88 88 8 8 8 8 8:8 8 818 8 8 8 88 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 88 8 88 8 8 88 8 8 88 88 8 8 8 88 8 'I Error I I 9 9 9 9 9 9 919 9 919 9 ~I~ 9J~ ~ =~ ~i~ ~ 9 9 9 999,99 99 9 99 99 9 9 9 9 919 9 9,9 9 9 9 9999999999999999999999999999999 123' 5 '71. "0111'2'3'" 16171 19211i2l2U 2U 2627210211303 32~ 3431 3U 3I31t .. 42\41444104S4 .... • ~~9M".~ ••• 41aa .... n •• 20nnn24n20nnn.

Figure 14. Error Correction

duplicate key at the beginning of each field. Du­ card from the right of the card bed when the error plication stops at the end of the part or account­ card is released. number field. 2. Press the release key. The error card advances 5. Re-key the pieces field, and manually punch the past the punching station without punching, ex­ remaining fields programmed for manual punch­ cept for the date field (columns 70-75), which is ing. Machine group is automatically duplicated, and programmed for automatic duplication. The du­ columns 4S-S0 are automatically skipped. plication of this field retains the date for duplica­ tion into the correction card. 6. Remove the error card from the stacker. 3. Tum off the automatic-skip and duplicate switch to prevent automatic skipping during the correc­ tion of the error card. The prepunched fields are Error Correction-Partially Prepunched Cards programmed for automatic skipping, but when Partially prepunched cards may contain prepunched correcting an error these fields must be manually names or codes, or they may be serially numbered and duplicated into the blank card. punched. When an error is made in punching cards of 4. Remove the card following the error card from this type and the correction is to be made immediately, the right of the card bed. automatic feeding from the hopper must be inter­ 5. Insert a blank card in the right of the card bed. rupted and a blank card must be inserted manually in the card bed. Because each card feeding from the 6. Press the register key to register the error card at hopper contains some prepunched data, it is not pos­ the reading station and the blank card at the­ sible to duplicate into the following card as outlined in punching station. This also stacks the card from Error Correction. the left of the card bed. The commodity card in Figure 15 illustrates a par­ 7. Manually duplicate the invoice number, branch, tially prepunched card for which the punching is to be and customer number fields, which were punched completed. The commission class, commodity descrip­ correctly, by pressing the duplicate key at the tion, commodity code, and price fields are prepunched; beginning of each field. the remainder of the card is to be keypunched. The commodity code and description are interpreted for S. Re-key the salesman field. pulling from a file. If an error is made in the keying of 9. Manually duplicate the commission class, com­ column 14 (salesman field), make the correction this modity description, commodity code, and price way: fields by pressing the duplicate key in column 16. l. Turn off the automatic-feed switch. This prevents These fields are programmed as one field, for feeding a card from the hopper and registering the automatic skipping in the regular punching opera-

18 COMMODITY CARD DODD o 10000 DO DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDODODD 00000 DDDDDD DDDDDD 00000 DOD / CODl DES~.'rTlDR I I I I : 0 ~ I I I i I I I I I I 00000 00 00000 000 000 00000000000000000000 0,0 0,0 0 0000:00 o0 010 0 0 00000:00 00000100 DO'O 010 0 00000 1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9101112 13 1415 16·1118 am~UnM~aUaH~~~~M~S~S 311140 41142 43 4445 48 47,. 48 50 51 5215354 55 16 57 58 59l1li181 82 13 84 85 66 67\- 8t 7G711nn17415 n787S1111 11 11 1 11 11111 111 111 DDDDODDDDDDDDDDDDDDD 1'11'1, , 1 1111'11 111:111 11111111 11111,11 11,11111 11111 I I , I , I I 22222 22 22222 222 222 22222222222222222222 2'22122 2 222'2 2 2221222 22222:22 22222122 22122'2 2 22222 , , I I 8 ' I , I 33333 33 33333 3 3 3 333 33333333333333333333 3'33'33 33 3 3'3 3 3331333, 3 3 3 3 3,3 3 3 3 3 3 3:3 3 33133:33 33333 Prepunched I I I I ~ 44444 44 44 44 4 444 444 44444444444444444444 4:44144 44 44'4 4 444'444 44444144 44 444 44 44'44'44, , 44444 I I , 'I «... , I I , '" 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 55555555555555555555 5'55,5 5 55 5 5:5 5 5551555 5 5 5 5 5:5 5 5555 5:5 5 55,55,55 55555 z.. , I I I I I I ..C!J 66666 66 66666 && 6 && & 666666666666666 && 6 6& 6,66,66 66 66:6 6 6 6 61& 6 6 66 &6 6.'& 6 -Ii 6 6 6 6,6 6 66'66,66 66666 I I I I I 17717 17 77177 177 177 7 77777777777777777777 7:7717 7 17777:77 777'777 17 77 77~77 77777'77 7 7'7 7'7 7 77777 CODE COMMODITY DATE INVOICE COST SAlES SALES- COMM QUANTITY ~ NO. BR. CUSJ~MER DESCRIPTION CODE PR'CE AMOUNT AMOUNT MAN CLASS MO.j DAYI YR. 5 999999999999999999999999999999999999 9 ~1~19 919 9 9 9 9 919 9 9 9 9,9 9 9 9 9 9 9 919 9 9 9 9 9 919 9 9 9'9 9!9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 2 3 4 5 " 7 • 9 1011121314151611 l' 1.20 2122 23 24 25 21 fl2IB 30 3132 33 34 35 36 37 38 31140 41142 43 44 45 46 47148 49 50 5152,53 54 55 58 57 58 59 soIS1 82 83 64 85 66 &71 ... 10 11172 13U47 n 78 79 80

Figure 15. Error Correction-Partially Prepunched Cards

tion. The commodity description field is coded 2. After the last card is released from the punching with 1's in the program card to permit automatic station, manually move it to the left until it touches spacing over blank columns during the correction the feed rolls at the reading station. of errors made in the punching operation. 10. Turn on the automatic-skip and duplicate switch 3. While still maintaining a slight pressure on the for the automatic duplication of date and the card against the feed rolls, press the release key to automatic skipping of the last four columns. advance that card past the reading station.

11. Manually punch the remaining fields programmed 4. Place the master card in the card bed between the for manual plITlching. The date is duplicated auto­ punching and reading stations. Position it so that matically and columns 77-80 are skipped auto­ the left edge is just between the feed rolls and not matically. in registered position. 12. Replace, in the right of the card bed, the card removed in step 4. 5. Press the feed key to register the master card and the detail card which is at the right in the card bed, 13. Press the feed key to register the correction card and to feed a new card from the hopper. Turn at the reading station and the replaced card at the on the automatic-feed switch. Normal punching of punching station. This feeds the next card from the first card of the new group can then proceed, the hopper, and stacks the error card. with automatic feeding of the following detail cards. 14. Remove the error card from the stacker. 15. Turn on the automatic-feed switch and continue 6. If the master card is not to be stacked with the the operation. detail cards, remove it immediately after comple­ tion of the punching of the first detail card.

Prepunched Master Card Insertion 7. This kind of operation normally precludes the pos­ In an operation in which certain fields are to be dupli­ sibility of automatic duplication of any common cated from prepunched master cards, it is necessary to information (such as date) from one group of cards insert each master card manually before duplicating to the next, because the continuity of such duplica­ the first card of the group. Insert the master cards in tion is interrupted by insertion of the prepunched the card bed at the right of the reading station. master cards. Consequently, when common punch­ ing is required, the information must be manually 1. Turn off the automatic-feed switch before complet­ punched in the first card of each new group. This ing the punching of the last card of the preceeding keying can be avoided by use of the auxiliary dup­ group. lication feature. (See Special Features.)

19 IBM 26 Printing Features

With the IBM 26 Printing Card Punch, characters can program card. For example, the .program card for be printed as they are punched. Each character prints Figure 16 would be punched with 2's in columns 1-5 above the column punched (Figure 16), thus provid­ and 21-29. A zero in the units position of a field always ing for full interpretation of the card. To permit this prints, unless all printing is suppressed. printing, turn on the print switch. Zero printing or sup­ Like zeros, the dash (-) and the ampersand (&) pression of printing in an individual column or field are normally suppressed when they occur to the left of is controlled by program-card coding. a significant digit in a field; they can be forced to With program control, zeros to the left of the first print by the program 2 code. significant digit in a numeric field are automatically suppressed, that is, 00025 is printed 25. This zero sup­ Print Suppression (3) pression is determined by the 12-punching in the pro­ The print suppression feature provides an extremely gram card to define the fields. For example, the pro­ flexible control of printing. That is, even though the gram card for Figure 16 would be punched with 12 print switch is on, printing can be prevented for one in columns 77 and 79, but blank in 76 and 78, to print or more columns of the card. Print suppression for a month and day as shown. column is controlled by a 3 punched in the program card. To suppress printing for a field, punch a 3 for Left Zero Print (2) each column of the field. For example, the program To print zeros to the left in a field, as in Social Security card for Figure 16 would be punched with 3's in col­ Number, punch a 2 in each column of the field in the umns 34-40.

OllOOBP F' JONES 07710116922 2 1 ~ j EMPLOYEE D 11 'DATE NO. NAME SOC. SEC. NO. AX Dec. RATES HIRED t-r--n I] I] I] CODE CODE ,-~ ~EPT. CLOCK REG. O. T MO. OAY Y. nOl]nOOOOOOOOOIlOOOOOOI]OO'I]~OBOOnOnGO'OIlIl'OOIlOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOODDOODOODOOODO"DMOo 12345678; 10 II 12 1314 1516 17 1819 10 2122d242d 262728, ~31~311~3;3 3ij383940 1424344454;4748(1505152535455565);85960616263"65666768697071727J7475~~~;'8D 1 ~ 1 1 11 1 1 111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111 IlP 1 ill 1 1111111 1 111 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 ~ --- 222222221122222222 ~ 1l1]21]222:~~ 22222222222222222222222222222222222221]222 e; 33333333333333333 e.,g 3333 J 3 3: .5·~ 3333333333 PAYROLL MASTER 33333333333333

~'E0.. 44444444444444444 ~:..E_ 44444441I::> ct 8: 44444444444444444444444444444444444444444 _ _ 5555551111555555555 r-r- 5555555:_; 555555555555555555555555555555555555555 D5 666666611661]66666666666~6~1]6666666~66~6666666666666666666666666666666666666666666 7 7 7 7 71]7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 n0:7 717 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 71n7 7: 7 1 7 7 7 77 7 7 7 1 7 17 7 7 7 7 7 77 7 7 7 77 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 77 7 7 7 7 7 7 88881]8888888888888a888~8~88888888~88~n888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 S99999999999999999;999~9ru9n999999J99~999999999999999999999999999999999999999999" 12345678 9101112131415111718192 21212l242~25M2829 031b23 ~3536a7'383940 14243444541474845505152535' 555G 51585960 61&2B3646U687&16910 71 72737415 G17181 iii

Figure 16. Character Printing

20 Special Features

These special features are available with the IDM 24 case, with the auxiliary duplication feature, the master Card Punch or IDM 26 Printing Card Punch. In the information can readily be punched in the first detail vertical columns of Figure 17, the symbols X and'" in­ card of each group, by pressing the key once and with­ dicate the maximum combinations of the special fea­ out reference to a source document. tures in the various models of the 24 and 26. Alternate Program Feature Auxiliary Duplication Feature An alternate program unit can be installed in the Auxiliary duplication is duplication from a master card machine as a special feature so that two program set­ rather than from the card at the reading station. Punch ups can be punched in one program card. The coding the information to be duplicated in a master card. for the alternate program consists of 4-9 codes used in Fasten the card around an auxiliary drum. Insert the the same manner as the 12-3 codes for the normal pro­ drum in the machine on a spindle in back of the pro­ gram. Both normal and alternate program codes are gram drum. summarized as follows: An auxiliary duplicate key manually controls auxil­ Normal Alternate iary duplication. Pressing this key starts auxiliary dup­ Code Function Code lication, which continues to the end of the field as 12 Field Definition 4 11 Start Auto Skip 5 defined by 12-punches in the program card. The infor­ o Start Auto Duplication 6 mation in the master card must be in the same columns 1 Alphabetic Shift 7 defined for duplication by the program card. 2 Left Zero Print 8 3 Print Suppression 9 This type of duplication is advantageous when com­ mon information is required for certain cards but not This feature is especially advantageous when an for others, when major-minor duplicating is performed, occasional card requires a different program control. or when prepunched master cards are inserted. In the The card may be of a different design or may be a case of major-minor duplicating, the major data may partially prepunched master. The transfer from the be dropped when the automatic-skip and duplicate normal program to the alternate program, for a com­ switch is turned off for a change of information in the plete card or for a part of a card, is controlled by the minor field. When prepunched master cards are used, operator by pressing an alternate program key. any information common to all cards (such as date) is To use the alternate program feature for a complete dropped when a new master card is inserted. In either card, this key may be pressed either before or after

Model Model Model 21 Modell and 2 3 and 4 5 and 6 (26 only) Alphabetic Field Limit x Alphabetic Receive x x Alternate Program X x x x x x xx x x x x x x Auxiliary Duplication x x x x x x x * x Card Correction x x x x x x x x x x x x x Carer Insertion x x x x x Card Order - Converting x Clock Read-in x Post Card Stock Feed - fixed x x x x x x x x x x x x x xx Variable Length Feed x x * x x x x HiQh Speed Skip x x x x * x x x Interspersed Gang Puncn x x x x x x Large Reading Boord x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Receive Control and/or Punch Switch Control x Self-Checking Number - Modulus 10 X x x x X x x x X X X x Self-Checking Number - Modulus II x Self-CheckTng Number Generator x Self-Checking Number Punch Elimination x x x x x xx x * x x x x Space Code Generation x x

*24 Only

NOTE: Switch control of Interspersed Gangpunch (special feature 4714) cannot be installed if Self-Checking Number - Modulus 10 and Self-Checking Number Punch Elimination are both installed.

Figure 17. Combinations of Special Features for the IBM 24/26 21 the card is registered, depending on the nonnal pro­ preceding card is duplicated. On the next card-feed gram coding in column 1. If column 1 of the normal cycle, the master card passes the punching station at program is coded for manual punching, the key may release speed, and all punching and programming is be pressed after the card is registered. If column 1 of suspended. A master card requires approximately 1.25 the normal program is coded for automatic skipping or seconds to pass to the reading station. If the next card duplicating, however, this key must be pressed before is also a master, the process is repeated. When a detail the card is registered. In this case, the automatic-feed card feeds, it is under normal control of the program switch must be turned off before the preceding card is drum, and punching is duplicated from the preceding completely punched. Then pressing the alternate pro­ card. gram key, after the preceding card is released, causes If required, an additional feature, controlled by a transfer to the alternate program and card feeding. toggle switch, may be installed with the interspersed If the first part of a card is punched under normal gangpunch feature. This additional feature allows program control and the remainder is punched under manual selection of either upper left or right corner­ alternate program control, press this key when the cut master cards in any interspersed gangpunch oper­ alternate program is to be effective. ation, but not both in the same operation. The switch Pressing the alternate program key makes program­ on the keyboard for the interspersed gangpunching ming from the alternate program effective for the must also be ON for this device to operate. remainder of that card. When the following card feeds, the normal program again becomes effective. Card Correction Feature Do not duplicate program cards punched with both The card correction procedure for operator-detected normal and alternate program codes. keying errors can require considerable additional de­ cision-making and keying by the operator. The IBM card correction feature speeds the correction proce­ Interspersed Gangpunch Feature dure for operator-detected keying errors on the IBM This feature recognizes master cards with an upper 24-26 Card Punch. left or right comer cut. Detail cards must not have the Upon detecting an error and before keying the next same corner cut as the master cards (and cannot have a column of information, the operator merely presses lower left cut). Punching is from master card to detail the correction key on the keyboard. Essentially, this card, or detail card to detail card, never from detail to action moves the error card to the read station and re­ master or master to master. produces the information (up to the error column) When the switch on the keyboard is off, the feature into a new card at the punch station. The operator then is inoperative. When the switch is on, the feature deter­ keys in the correct information and resumes normal mines whether a card is a master or a detail depending operation. on the presence or absence of the specified master When the correction (CORR) key is pressed (see corner cut. Normal use of the feature requires that Figure 26), the actual sequence of automatic opera­ the automatic-feed and automatic-duplicating switch tion is: be turned on. 1. An error code (12-11) is punched in the error col­ Because the feature does not begin to operate until umn. Therefore, when the card correction feature after one card has fed from the feed hopper to the is used, the 12-11 coding cannot be used to desig­ card bed, the first card in the machine is considered a nate a special character, or a portion of any such detail card. To feed the first card into position, press character. the feed key twice as in standard feed operation, and 2. The error card is released at 80 columns per second then press the release key once to position a card at to the read station, and a new card registers at the the reading station so that duplicating can begin. punch station. Because the purpose of the feature is to suspend Note: Any columns programmed for automatic punching for a corner-cut master card, programming duplication are duplicated at 18 or 20 columns per is the same for detail cards as in any nonnal card second during this release operation. punching operation. 3. The information manually punched into the error Once duplicating has started, normal operation card is then automatically reproduced into the new under control of the program card continues until the card (up to the error column) at the rate of 9 or feature recognizes a master card. At this time the card 10 columns per second. preceding the master is at the punching station. The Note: Any columns programmed for automatic master card stays at the right of the card bed while the duplication are duplicated at 18 or 20 columns per 22 second and any columns programmed for automatic mode with the card correction feature (Figure 18). skip are skipped at 80 columns per second. The 8-punch is still used to identify manual columns 4. The new card stops in the error column for manual for the standard programming mode. This means keying of the correct information. Normal opera­ that left zero print is not available on any IBM 26 with tion is then resumed. both the alternate programming feature and the card correction feature. PROGRAM CONTROL When the 24-26 is in the alternate program mode With the card correction feature, each manually­ and the correction key is pressed, the machine con­ punched column must be identified by an 8-punch tinues in this mode until the entire new card is com­ code in the corresponding column of the program pleted. This requires that all 80 columns of a program card (Figure 18). This code identifies the columns card be fully programmed for both standard and that must be searched for an error code during any alternate mode even though normal operation might correction operation. require less than 80 columns of alternate programming. When an error-correction routine is in process, the The additional columns of required alternate pro­ operator should not press or hold down any key on the gramming are an exact duplicate of the standard keyboard. This could affect the successful completion programming for these columns. of the routine. In-process time covers the period be­ tween pressing the correction key and stopping the All skip fields encountered during an error search new card at the error column. operation, while the machine is in the alternate mode, The correction feature is not effective for the last are automatically duplicated to ensure an exact re­ column of a manual field that immediately precedes an production of the card. automatic function. This is because normal punching of the last manual column permits the program control SELF-CHECKING NUMBER, MODULUS 11 to move into the automatic function area. The 2-punch (rather than the 8-punch) is used to Never press the correction key immediately after an designate each column to be error checked. There­ automatic function is completed and before manual fore, left zero print is not available on any IBM 26 ma­ keying. Should this occur, a continuous error-search chine with this feature. routine would result. This improper use of the correc­ tion key places the error code in the last column of PROGRAM CARD PUNCHING the automatic field where the 24-26 cannot detect it. A typical program card for the card correction feature To stop the continuous error-search routine, raise the using standard and alternate programming could look star wheels. like Figure 18.

ALTERNATE PROGRAM Note: The 1-, 3-, 6-, and 9-punches are not used in The 24-26 with alternate programming uses the 2- this example. However, they could be used to program punch to identify manual columns for the alternate their normal functions, if required.

111111111 1111 1111111111111111111111111 1111111 11111111111111111111 111111111 MANUAL AUTO MANUAL AUTO I AUTO SKIP MANUAL DUP DUP 00000000001000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000 1234581'8rotlnI3M151GI7DdM~D~NaanaH~~~~H~.n.~O~~~~~.UQa~MH~~ •• ~.Ha~fta"ft.v •• ~nnnNmMnnn. 1 11111111111111111 1111 11111111 111 1 111 1 111 111 111 1 111 11 1 1 11 1 1 11 1 11 1 11 11 111 11 11 1 1 11

la,a;:;f~~~111122222222222222222222222222111111112222222222222222222221111111111 333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333 33 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 33 3 3 3 33 3 33 3 3 3 3 3 33 3 3 4111111111111114111111111111IiII11 •• 1 555555555555 555}5 55 555 5 555555 55 5 5 55 5 5 5 5 55 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 515 5 5 5 55 5 5 5 555 5 5 5 55 5 5 5 55 5 5 55 5 5 5 5 6666866666666666666666666666i666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666

77777777777777711111111111111~lllllI1111~77777777ll~l.11111111111111117777777777 1111111111188888/11111111111111111111111111 888888888888888888888888888881111111111 99 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 MANUAL AUTO SKIP MANUAL AUTO SKIP MANUAL 1-Standard Program [j-Alternate Program Figure 18. Program Card for Card Correction Feature 23 Standard Program Alternate Program ever, once the MC key is pressed, the correction key 12-Field Definition 4-Field Definition cannot be used until the master card function is com­ ll-Automatic Skip 5-Automatic Skip pleted. O-Automatic Duplication 2-Manual Field: The 2- 8-Manual Field: The 8- punch must appear in punch must appear in each column of all man­ each column of all man­ ual fields programmed for Self-Checking Number Feature ual fields programmed alternate mode. This This feature is described in IBM 24, 26 Card Punch for standard mode. This punch should not be used punch should not be used in any field programmed Bulletin Self-Checking Number Feature, Form G24- in any field programmed for automatic duplication 1057. for automatic duplication because this would force because this would force half-speed duplication of half-speed duplication of this field during error­ this field during error­ correction routines. High-Speed Skip Feature correction routines. The high-speed skip feature provides the greatest ad­ vantage for those applications that require skipping of 55 or more consecutive columns of the card. It is Card Insertion Feature available for factory or field installation on the 24 or 26. The card insertion feature simplifies the manual in­ This is a program-controlled high-speed skip oper­ sertion of a master duplicating card in front of a group ating with standard skipping. High-speed skipping is of cards to be punched, or the insertion of a blank or accomplished at the rate of approximately three times prepunched trailer card at the end of a group of the standard skip speed and results in a saving of eight punched cards. milliseconds per column skipped at high speed. In the example (Figure 19) if 66 columns are skipped, 62 To insert a new master card in front of a group: columns are skipped at high speed with a saving of 1. Set the card insertion feature switch to INSERT. a half-second per card. The sensing mechanism is 2. While punching the card preceding the master card positioned in such a way that five columns at the end to be inserted, press the MC (master card) key. of the field have to be reserved for drop-out. The con­ When the card being punched is completed, it is trolling 9 not punched in the last five columns of the released through the reading station, but stops program card disengages (drops out) the high-speed before it is stacked. There is no card at the reading skip and slows down the skip for the remainder of the station and the next card is registered for punching. card. This is necessary because the high skipping 3. Manually insert the new master card in the reading speed must be slowed down to obtain proper registra­ station. tion of the card for punching. 4. Press the feed key to register both the master card When this feature is installed on machines with the at the reading station and the next detail card at the variable-length card feed feature, card output is also punching station. increased. The missing portion of these cards, for 5. Resume normal operation. Any fields programmed example, columns 51-76, or 60-76, are skipped at high for duplication are duplicated from the new master speed. The last four columns are skipped at a slower card. speed. When this feature is used with alternate program­ To insert a new master card (or trailer card) behind ming, programmed print suppression is eliminated. a group of cards that have been punched: 1. Set the switch to STACK. OPERATION 2. While punching the card preceding the master, To use the high-speed skip feature, an 11-punch initi­ press the MC key. When the card being punched is ates the skip, the 9-punches control high-speed skip­ completed, it is released through the reading station ping, and the 12-punches define the remainder of the and stacked. There is no card at the reading station. field. For high-speed skipping, punch the program The next card is registered at the punching station card with: ready to be punched. • an 11 and a 9 in the first column of the high-speed 3. Manually insert the master (trailer) card behind the skip field cards in the stacker. • nines in all the other columns of the high-speed 4. Resume normal operation. skip field, except the last five columns Note: The card insertion feature can be installed on • twelves in all the columns of the high-speed skip any 24 or 26 with the card correction feature. How- field, except the first column.

24 UUDD 0000000 DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDODDDDDDDDDDDDDDDOODOO D 00000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 12345671tro',12Ql MU1"9mnU~MZ5nu~.~nn~z.u •• ~~~u~u.u.g.~~~~"~~9~~~UU"fiH~AnWllnnM~Mnnn~ 11111111111111 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 222222222222222 2222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222 333!333333333333 33333333333333333333333333333!333333!3!3333!3333333333333333333 44444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 55555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555 High-Speed Skip 11111111111117777177171111177771177177177117771111711111177717711771711111111111 88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 99999999999999DOOODDODDDDDDODDODODDDDODDDDDUDDDDDDDDDDDDDOODOOODDDDDDOOODD099999 t234561'.'DII1213"'5161JI819m2IunM~~nDH~3IU~M~.nUft.~ua~~.G4G~51~~M~~»~~.~UU"~~~UUn7Inn~HHnnnM '1M Figure 19. Program Card Showing High-Speed Skip Punching

On machines equipped with the alternate program thick (plus or minus 0.0005 inch). Other factors to be feature, 9-punches become the non-alternate or normal considered in designing cards for postal use include program, and the 3-punch is used to control the alter­ location of punching, scoring, content, and corner cut. nate-program high-speed skip. N ate: Approval must be secured from local postal This feature requires the operator to press the feed authorities for specific card designs. key three times to register the first card from the hop­ per at the punch station. The second card is at the preregistration station; a third card, hidden from sight, Alphabetic Field-Limit Feature has just left the hopper. If at any time during the oper­ The alphabetic field-limit feature defines the limits of ation it is necessary to turn the auto-feed switch off to a programmed alphabetic field to prevent accidental clear the machine of cards, press the release and punching beyond that field. register keys three times to remove the cards from the punching and reading stations. Also, remove manually A 2-punch in the program card controls this fea­ the last card, which was hidden, from the preregis­ ture. This program card is coded in the normal manner tration station after the second release. for alphabetic punching: a I-punch in each column This feature prevents backspacing the last 16 col­ and a 12-punch in all but the first column. Punch the 2-punch in the next to the last column of the limited umns of the card, because the backspaced card pushes against the following card and interferes with regis­ field. tration. Machine operation is normal until this column is reached. As the last column of the limited field is punched, the keyboard locks, thus indicating to the Postcard Stock Feed Feature operator that the allotted columns for that field have This special feature facilitates the use of postcard stock been completely filled. To continue operation, press in the IBM 24/26. The feature can be for postcard the release key. If the card must be repunched to ab­ stock only (0.009 inch thick) or can be interchangeable breviate or to condense the alphabetic information to accept standard (0.007 inch thick) and postcard within the limits of a field, press the release key again stock. to release the card from the punching station. If the To be mailed at minimum rates, - card size must alphabetic field-limit code column is passed by dupli­ cating, skipping, or releasing, the feature is inoperative. satisfy U. S. post~l regulations: The duplication key is inoperative in the next-to-last Maximum-3~6 inches X 5~6 inches and the last column of an alphabetic field programmed Minimum-23M inches X 4 inches for field limit. On the 26, if the programmed, limited To be processed in IBM equipment, they must be of alphabetic field is also programmed for print sup­ standard punched-card dimensions and O.009-inch pression, printing is not suppressed in the last column

25 of the field unless it is followed by another alphabetic 4. The following settings are necessary whether or field. The use of the left zero print feature is not com­ not a program drum is used. To set program cam patible within an alphabetic field. Pressing the numer­ extension knobs, lift the program drum cover for­ ical shift key when punching the next-to-last -column ward, tum the program control lever to raise the makes the feature inoperative. program drum starwheels, and lift the drum off its

Note: On reM 26 Card Punches equipped with alternate pro­ shaft (Figure 22). Space to column 16 on the col­ gram feature, when program codes 2· and 8 are used for the umn indicator and tum off the main line switch. control of Alphabetic Field Limit feature, the left zero print control feature is not available. Caution: These program cam extension knobs are interlocked and will bind if moved in any sequence Variable-Length Card Feed Feature but the one given here. To adjust the knobs, lift The variable-length card feed feature on the 24 or 26 them out of their countersunk recesses and move in allows the processing of 51-, 60-, 66-, and SO-column this sequence: cards (Figure 20). Special features that apply to the a. To change to a longer card, move each knob in 24 or 26 can be used with this feature. ascending numeric sequence to the countersunk MACHINE SETTINGS recess at the left end of each slot. For example, The operator can easily make all settings to change to change from 51-column cards to SO-column card lengths. Only one length of cards may be proc­ cards, first move the 51-column knob, then the essed at one time. For each- length of card there is a 60-column knob, and then the 66-column knob. card guide which is raised on the hopper bed to form b. To change to a shorter card, move each knob in a right-hand guide. The operator performs these pre­ descending numeric sequence to the countersunk liminary steps to process each length of card. recess at the right end of each slot. For example, 1. Select the proper card guide in the hopper and lift to change from SO-column cards to 51-column it forward into position. For' any selected card cards, first move the 66-column knob to the right, length, all card guides for cards of shorter length then the 60-column knob, and then the 51-col­ must rest in the hopper bed (Figure 21). Note that umnknob. the SO-column card guide is fixed at the right side These steps are summarized on a decal inside the pro­ of the hopper. The sliding pressure plate in the gram drum cover. hopper is notched to pass over the raised card guides. 2. Lift the thumb latch and move the card pusher to the proper card-column notch (see Figure 20). A spring guides each card under the card pusher for OPERATION correct feeding position. Program cards must only be punched, starting at col­ 3. Align 51- and 60-column cards to the stacker drum umn 1, with the same number of columns that are in by pulling the stacker stop operating lever toward the cards to be processed. However, if the machine is the front of the machine (see Figure 20). For 66- equipped with a high-speed skip feature, high-speed and SO-column cards, push the lever back. skip can be programmed beyond the number of col-

Figure 20. Variable-Length Card Feed Device 26 ao-Column Guide punches with a numeric keyboard punch (and print) (Fixed) the characters corresponding to 12 and 11 coding only. Other special characters require use of the multiple punch control key. All 11 special characters can be punched (and printed) when duplicating on the IBM 24 and 26. Machines with an alphabetic keyboard, punch (and print) all 11 special characters when punching or duplicating.

Figure 21. Hopper Card Guides umns in the cards being processed to obtain the max­ imum benefits of this feature. Otherwise, program card preparation is the same as for 80-column cards. Any length card can be manually inserted if the card pusher is positioned for that length. The right end of each card must rest against the card pusher. Do not backspace within the last 16 columns of all cards, because the backspace card would push against the following card and interfere with registration.

Special-Character Arrangements

The arrangements in Figure 23 are available for the FIgure 22. Program Cam Extension Knobs punching (and printing) of special characters. Card (80-Column Card Setting)

IBM Card Code Arrangement 12 12-3-8 12-4-8 II 11-3-8 11-4-8 0-3-8 0-4-8 0-1 3-8 4-8 A & · Il - $ * % / /I @ B / · Il - $ * , % & If @ C & oJ - $ * , % 0 It @ 0 - Il - $ * % / @ *.IL E - < / * , % & " > F + ) - $ * , ( / = - G + Il - $ * , % / + - H + ) - $ * , ( / = (Prime'Sign\ J + Il - $ * , % / /I @ K + · ) - $ * , ( / = @ Figure 23. IBM 24, 26-Special-Character Punching and Printing Arrangements

27 Program Card Preparation

When a program card is to be prepared for a particular After the program is planned for these operations, punching application, the card design should be care­ punch the codes directly into a single card to serve as fully analyzed to code the program card for maximum the program card. It is desirable to prepare the pro­ punching efficiency. Proper use of the various features gram card in a card of the same design as those to be of the card punch reduces operator time and effort to punched. When punching the program card, punch a minimum. all codes across the card from column 1 through col­ umn 80 without backspacing, to maintain accurate registration. When two codes are to be punched in IBM 24, Normal Program one column, use the proper letter or special character If an IBM 24 Card Punch with no special features is key on the combination keyboard (A for a 12-code used, the cards should be analyzed for: and a I-code, or the / symbol for a O-code and a 1- 1. field-definition coding, which determines the length code). of each field. Punch a field-definition 12 in each column except the first (left-hand) of every field Printing Features regardless of the type of operation to be performed If the IDM 26 Printing Card Punch is used, the cards in that field. The 12's are used in skipped or dupli­ should be analyzed for zero printing and print sup­ cated fields to carry the skip or duplication across pression in addition to the basic functions discussed the field, once it is started. They are used in fields in the preceding paragraphs. programmed for manual punching to make full use 1. Zeros, dashes, and ampersands to the left of a sig­ of the feature provided for the correction of errors nificant digit in a field are automatically suppressed. made while punching. With the fields defined as to This suppression depends on the field-definition length, each correct field can be duplicated by a coding of 12's in every column except the first. single pressing of the duplicate key, and only the Therefore, if several successive fields are to be pro­ field containing the error must be re-keyed. grammed for automatic duplication but zero sup­ Occasionally it is necessary to split a field by pression is desired, program each field independ­ eliminating the 12-punching in one or more colu­ ently for automatic duplication, rather than as one mns. When an X is to be punched (keyed or dupli­ large field as described before. cated) in a numeric field, but skipping must not Note: A zero always prints in the units position occur, eliminating this 12 prevents the skipping of of a field that does not have a significant digit (field the rest of the field (see X-Punching and Skipping with all zeros) unless the units position is pro­ under Operating Suggestions). grammed for print suppression. 2. automatic skipping for each field that is not to be If zeros (dashes or ampersands) are desired to punched at this time. If several successive fields are the left in a field, such as social security number, to be skipped on every card, program them as one they must be forced by punching the program card large field with the X in the first column and 12's with code 2 in each column in which such print­ in all successive columns. ing is to occur. 3. automatic duplication of each field that is punched 2. To suppress all printing in a column or columns, with the same data for a group of cards. If several punch a 3 in each column of the program card. successive fields are to be duplicated on every card, program them as one large field with the 0 in the Alternate Program first column and 12's in all successive columns. If the alternate program is used to handle two types of 4. alphabetic coding to shift the keyboard when letters cards in one punching operation, analyze all the pre­ are to be keyed. If all, or most, of a field is to be ceding functions for the alternate program, and punch alphabetically punched, code it with 1's and use the proper codes (4-9). Consider the time in the card the numeric shift key for occasional figure punch­ cycle when the change to the alternate program is to ing. In the duplication of alphabetic punching, the be made. The change can be made at the beginning 1's permit duplication of blank columns and prevent of the card or whenever in the card cycle it is desirable skipping caused by the X's in the letters J through R. for the alternate coding to become effective. Once the

28 alternate program key is pressed, the alternate pro­ of column numbers, each row located in a punching gram codes are read for the rest of the card; it is not position (Figure 25). The program codes, with the possible to return to the normal program in the same function of each, are on the back of the card for refer­ card cycle. However, when the next card is fed, the ence, and a place is provided for any special notes normal program coding automatically becomes effec­ pertinent to the individual program-card design. tive. If the whole card is to be controlled by the alter­ When analyzing the cards to be punched, mark the nate program codes, code the first column of the nor­ planning card for the functions to be performed in mal program for manual operation to give the operator each column. For example, if column 10 is to be time to press the alternate program key without inter­ punched with an alphabetic character under normal rupting automatic feeding. program control, draw a mark through column 10 in the I-row; if columns 59-80 are to be automatically Multiple Functions skipped under normal program control, draw a mark When printing or alternate program functions are used through column 59 in the ll-row and columns 60-80 in addition to the basic program functions, the pro­ in the 12-row. Punch the program card, or the indi­ gram card may require several codes in a column vidual cards of the master deck, by reference to the (Figure 24). In this case, punch a master deck of cards planning card. After the program card is punched, for the preparation of the program card. This deck check it by laying it over the planning card. The mark­ consists of a maximum of 12 cards, one for each punch­ ings on the planning card should be visible through the ing row: one card punched with all the required 12- punches in the program card. codes, a second card with all the required ll-codes, This chart illustrates the program card coding neces­ a third card with all the required O-codes, and so sary to perform card-punching operations in normal on. After the cards of the master deck are punched, or alternate program control. duplicate each card, one at a time, into a single card which then becomes the program card. This Operation Normal Code· Alternate Code method of preparing a program card facilitates the First Rest of First R.est of preparation of slightly changed or duplicate pro­ column field column field gram cards, because multiple punches other than Punch Numeric space 12 space 4 standard may not be duplicated on the punch. Punch Alphabetic 1 A 7 7+4 Duplicate Numeric 0 12 6 4 Program Planning Card Duplicate Alphabetic 0+1 A 6+7 7+4 Skip Automatically X 12 5 4 A program planning card, X24-8605, is an aid in the Left Zero Print 2 B 8 8+4 preparation of program cards. This card has 12 rows Suppress Printing 3 C 9 9+4

ED DEDUCTlDNS :;: :; .MD. DAY YR. DIP!. CLOCK gg MD. DAY fl. INS. HOSP. D o0 0,0 0'0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000'00,0 0 0 0 000 0 0 0,0 ODD o,D 0100010 °010 0 000 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 Doli 0 0 0 0 1 2 314 5 Is 1 8 9 lD 11 12 1314 15 11171. 19 20 212223 242521272 30 3113233,3435 313lJl3l40 414 31"4541 1481115"1515' f:'555S15158591D61&2I3I4ISSUlII U 11111 12131415711171l1IG 111111:1111 ODDDODDDDDDDDDDDD 1111:11,11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 .. I I I I I ~ oDIl DII DD DI2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 22122122 22 222 DD 212 2 2 2 212 2:2 2 212 2 212 2 222 2 2 Payroll Master 22 222 !!! I I I I I I I I and ; 333:33'33333333333333333333333333:33:333333333 DIDD 33:33:333133313333333 Deduction Card 33333 E , I I I 'I I I < 4DDllD~DDD4DDDDDDDDDDDIlIlIlDIlD4DDDIDDIDD4D4D04 4100 1l011l~01l1l11l Iltll 400001l01l01141l1l111l1l41l4DIlD ~ I I I I I I I 1 0 5 515 5,5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 555 5 5 5 5 555 5 5 II 5 5 515 515 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 51]15555 515 515 5 515 5 515 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 555 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 ~ I , I I I I I I I ~ 6 6 6:6 6,6 6 6 6 66 &6 6 6 &6 666 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 616 616 6 D6066 6 6 616 6 &6 616 616 6 616 6 616 6 6 6 & 6 & & 6 & 6 & & & & & 6 & 6 & & & & B -c I I I I I I I I I 777,77:7777 7777:77:77 717777717717771777117 : ~ I EMPLOYEE MAME I I IIP\II l~:i - MISC. DEDUCTION CARD - ~D~ED~UC~TIO~.~N~A~lIfW:"~·.~='=r~·~/t'fl~~ 888.88:88 B88 8 8 8 8 8 8 g 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 na 088.,88,888 . 88 1818881881881881818818188 i'J"f

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Figure 24. Program Card-Multiple Functions 29 CARD OR JOB 1_7-1.. PROGRAM PLANNING IDENTIFICATION: 'p~2J;~t!~ S? sSFs I mPln"rnnlth'2831twZ __"4 __ 4~' 12 , s'??tO 5_51 PI 'sss'sssspnssnrznp7r Zlvnznz'· 12

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6 I 2 3 4 5 • 7 • 1.1112131415111711112.11212223242521 8282130 3132333435_37 ..40 ~42434415414741"50 5U253 6 55515758518011121314651687&18170 n 727374157877787180 6

$ 1 12345171., to a 'nssm 72828303132333435313731354D~4243444541U""5051H531951~51 It 70 n 727374757877787UO 1

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9 1234587'.1011121314I5I117I11828212223242S2192128303132333435313738284D~4243444541U41415051H539951~5151I011I2I3D4I5"~UU7Onnn14HlD77lDnlO 9

la..

Figure 25. Program Planning Card

Program Example tion cards are punched for only those new employees The functions marked on the card in Figure 25 con­ who have deductions other than the fixed deductions, stitute the program plan for the payroll-master-and­ and are punched under alternate program coding. deduction card in Figure 24. The field headings for Whenever possible, common information is duplicated the payroll-master part of the card are at the top of from the payroll master cards into the deduction cards. the card; the headings for the deduction part are be­ The cards are punched in groups by date hired, and tween the 7 and 8 punching rows. A payroll master the rate-change date for a new employee is the same card is prepared for each new employee and is punched as the date hired. The program card is planned and under normal program coding. Miscellaneous deduc- punched as shown in Figure 26.

30 Columns Field Heading Norma I Program Alternate Program

1-9 Social Security No. Manual punch; print zeros Automatic skip to the left

10-27 Emp loyee Name Manual punch, alphabetic Automatic duplicate, alphabetic

28 Sex Manua I punch

29 Tax Class Manua I punch Automatic skip 30-35 Date Hired Automatic duplicate t 36-40 Emp loyee Number Manua I punch (Dept. and Automatic duplicate C lock coded as separate (Dept. and C lock coded fields for error correction as separate fields for zero and zero suppression) suppressi on)

41-42 Occup. Code or Manual punch; print Manual punch; print Ded. Code zeros to the left zeros to the left

43-46 Base Rate Manual punch, suppress printing

47-52 Rate Change Date Automatic duplicate

53-58 Fixed Deductions Manual punch (Insurance Automatic skip and Hospitalization coded as separate fields for error correction and zero sup- pression)

59-68 Deduction Name Manual punch, alphabetic 69-74 Misc. Ded. Amt. Automatic skip Manua I punch

75-80 Effective Date } Manual punch

Month and day in each date field are coded as separate fields for zero suppression

Figure 26. Table for Program Example

31 Operating Suggestions

These suggestions are given as an aid to most efficient necessity of re-keying the master information. The operation of the IBM 24 and 26 Card Punches. automatic feed switch should be off when the cards are released. Starting a Punching Operation Clearing the Card Bed When a new job is started, the release key should be pressed (but need not be held) after the main-line When the card bed is to be completely cleared at the switch is turned on. After a short delay, a release cycle end of a punching operation without feeding more occurs, indicating that operation can be started. Then, cards from the hopper, turn off the automatic feed press the feed key twice to register the first card if switch during the punching of the next-to-Iast card. the automatic feed switch is off. If the switch is on The last card is then registered for punching by press­ press the feed key only once. If a prepunched maste; ing the register key. After the last card is punched and card is to be inserted, place it in the center of the card moved to the center of the card bed, it is moved on to bed after the first feed cycle. the stacker by pressing the register key, the release key, and then the register key again. When master information for automatic duplication is to be keyed in the first card of the group, turn off If the automatic feed switch is turned off after the the automatic skip and duplicate switch before the last card to be punched is completed, press the release first card is registered, and leave it OFF until the master and register keys alternately three times. In this case, information is keyed. On this first card, use the skip two blank cards stack behind the last punched card key to skip the fields programmed for automatic skip­ in the stacker. ping. Removing a Card from the Center of the Card Bed Engaging the Program Reading Mechanism To remove a card from the center of the card bed with­ Turning the program control lever to lower the star­ out affecting the following cards, manually move it wheels may not fully engage the reading mechanism. into the reading ~tation and press the release key. This Therefore, it is necessary also to press the release key. moves it to the left of the card bed where is can be For this reason, once the program is turned on leave lifted out. it ON, and whenever possible any temporary changes or interruptions in the punching routine should be Removing a Card from the Left of the Card Bed handled by the functional switches and keys. When a card has been released from the reading sta­ tion but not stacked, it is in the left of the card bed. Stopping a Punching Operation For easy manual removal, move the card to the ex­ treme left by pressing down on the arm that extends When an operation is to be stopped and the main-line from the reading station. switch is to be turned off before a batch of work is completed (as at a lunch hour), the card at the punch­ ing station should first be completely punched and Removing a Card from the Punching or Reading released. Before the card is released, however, turn Station off the automatic feed switch. This permits restarting If for any reason a card must be removed manually the job without additional card handling. from the punching or reading station, hold down the When one batch of work is to be followed by an­ pressure roll release lever while pulling out the card. other batch using the same master information and If a card at the punching station does not move easily, program control, a blank card should follow the last press all the numeric keys. Then, while holding down card of the batch through the punching station. The the lever, pull out the card without tearing it. blank card can be released past the punching station as the last card is released past the reading station. Spacing over Columns This causes the blank card to be automatically punched Without program control, the duplicate key may be with the master information for duplication into the used to space over columns, if the same columns are first card of the next batch, and thus eliminates the unpunched in the preceding card or if there is no

32 card immediately ahead. This operation is faster than the duplicate key a second lime, or hold it down using the space bar. over the blank column, if manual duplication is being performed. Multiple-Punched Columns Corner Cuts Punch two or more digits in one column by holding Cards can have a normal upper left or upper right down the multiple-punch key while punching the digit corner cut. A special corner cut (C3) must be used keys one at a time. If the machine is not equipped when designing a card with a lower left or lower right with a multiple-punch key, hold down the space bar corner cut. This should be kept in mind especially for this operation. The keyboard is automatically when designing tumble cards, because an upper corner shifted to numeric position when the multiple punch cut becomes a lower cut when the card is tumbled. key or the space bar is pressed. On the IBM 26 Printing Card Punch, do not dupli­ Single-Card Feeding cate multiple-punched columns other than standard When the cards are to be fed manually, one at a time, alphabetic or special character punching. The IBM 24 place them directly in the card bed, to the right for Card Punch can duplicate any combination of two, punching or in the center for reading. Do not insert three, or four punches. single cards in the card hopper. When placing a card in the center of the card bed, position it so that the X-Punching and Skipping column-l edge is between the feed rolls at the right The punching of an X in a numeric field normally of the reading station. If the card is pushed in too far, causes skipping, but in an alphabetic field it does not. improper feeding and duplicating may result. If a control X (such as a credit X or a date X) is to be Keyboard Locking punched in a numeric field but skipping must not occur, consider these factors: The keyboard locks under any of these conditions: 1. If the X is punched (keyed or duplicated) alone in 1. The main-line switch is turned off and then on while a column, skipping to the beginning of the next field a card is registered at the punching station. Press occurs. This skipping can be prevented by coding the release key to unlock the keyboard. the single column of the field with a 1 in the pro­ 2. On the combination keyboard, an alphabetic key is gram card (on an alphabetic machine) or by elim­ pressed in a field programmed for numeric punch­ inating the program 12-code in the column follow­ ing. Unlock the keyboard by pressing the backspace ing the X-punching. In the first method, if a figure key (then space to the next colurqn), the release instead of the X is keyed, hold down the numeric key (the card is released without punching), or shift key. In the second method, punch the program the alphabetic shift key (the letter is punched). card with a 0 in the following column if automatic 3. A blank column is duplicated in a field programmed duplication is performed; or press the duplicate key for numeric punching. This serves as a blank-col­ a second time, or hold it down over the blank col­ umn detection device to ensure that a digit is umn, if manual duplication is performed. punched in every column of a numeric field that is 2. If a control X is to be keyed over a digit, press the being duplicated. Unlock the keyboard by pressing multiple-punch key to key the two digits in one the backspace key or the alphabetic shift key on column. (On machines not equipped with the mul­ the combination keyboard. tiple-punch key, use the space bar.) This prevents 4. A card is not registered at the punching station. the X-skipping and no provision need be made in This feature makes it impossible to do any punch­ the program card. ing or spacing unless a card is in position to be 3. If the control X and a digit are duplicated, skipping punched. To move a card into punching position, to the end of the field occurs. This can be prevented press the register feed, or release (with the auto­ by coding the column with a 1 in the program ·card matic feed switch ON) key. (on an alphabetic machine) or by eliminating the 5. The register key or the feed key is pressed when a program 12-code in the following column. In the card is registered -at the punching station. Press the first method, if the column is keyed at any time release key to unlock the keyboard. press the multiple-punch key (or space bar). This shifts the keyboard into numeric position and pre­ Suspending Automatic Duplication on First Card vents skipping. In the second method, punch the Master information in the first card of each new group program card with a 0 in the following column if must be keyed. Automatic duplication must, therefore, automatic duplication is being performed; or press be suspended for that card by turning off the auto-

33 maticskip and duplicate switch. Because this requires Short-Skip Field the manual setting of the automatic skip-duplicate a. Turn off the automatic skip-duplicate switch switch each time master information changes, consid­ when the card is registered at column 1. eration should be giv.en to proper card design as an b, Keypunch the first field. aid to most efficient operation. c. Skip the second field by use of the skip key. Here are several recommended procedures for d. Keypunch the third field and turn on the auto­ punching the first card of each group. The procedures matic skip-duplicate switch. vary depending on conditions brought about by differ­ 4. When automatic duplication is immediately fol­ encesin card design. lowed by an automatic skip, the first card is 1. Whenever possible, program the first field in a card punched as outlined here: for manual operation. This gives the operator a a. Turn off the automatic skip-duplicate switch chance to turn the automatic skip-duplicate switch when the card is registered at column 1. off before starting to punch the first card of a new b. Keypunch the first field. group. c. Keypunch the second field. Either during, or at a. When the first card of a new group is registered the end of, this field, turn on the automatic skip­ at column 1, turn the automatic skip-duplicate duplicate switch, so that the following field can switch off. be automatically skipped. b. I\eyPunch the complete card. d. Automatically skip the third field. c. When, the second card of the group is registered 5. If an automatic skip must come first in a card im­ at column 1, turn the automatic skip-duplicate mediately followed by automatic duplication, the switch on. (The switch could have been turned procedure for handling the punching is similar to on after the master information was key­ that outlined in number 3 and is described here: punched). Long-Skip Field 2. Automatic duplication should not immediately fol­ 'Iowan automatic skip. Design a manually operated a. Automatically skip the first field. During the skip, field between the two automatic operations if pos­ turn off the automatic skip-duplicate switch to ,. sible. prevent automatic duplication in the second a. Keypunch the first fidd. field. This can be done if the skip is fairly long. b. Automatically skip the second field (automatic b. Keypunch the second field and turn on the skip-duplicate switch on). automatic skip-duplicate switch. c. Turn off the automatic skip-duplicate switch. c. Keypunch the third field. Keypunch the third field. Sholt-Skip Field d. Keypunch the fourth field. Turn on the auto­

34 Ribbon Replacement

The ribbon on the IBM 26 Printing Card Punch feeds the 3 and 4 punching position). The groove per­ between two spools, through ribbon guides, and under mits the extra thickness of the metal end and the the punch die (Figure 27). The old ribbon is removed reversing eyelet to pass between the punch die and a new one is inserted as follows: and the card bed. Be sure to keep the ribbon 1. Turn off the main-line switch. straight, with the top side up at all times. 2. Remove the ribbon-spool retaining clamp. 7. Hook the metal leading-end of the ribbon in the slot in the center of the empty spool and wind the 3. Cut or break the old ribbon. ribbon onto the spool until the reversing eyelet is 4. Remove both spools from their spindles and pull on the spool. out the two pieces of ribbon. Empty one of the 8. Place the spool on the left spindle, positioning it spools. so that the ribbon feeds onto the spool over the 5. Place the spool of new ribbon on the right-hand top. Be sure that the ribbon is not twisted and that spindle, positioning it so that the ribbon feeds the top side of the ribbon is still up. from the top of the spool toward the front of the 9. Hook the ribbon around the right and left wire machine. Lift the right end of the ribbon-reversing ribbon guides, and slide it through the right and arm, if it is not already up, and unroll about a foot left ends of the reversing arm and over the rollers and a half of ribbon; then push down the right in front of the ribbon spools. end of the ribbon-reversing arm to hold the spool 10. Slide the ribbon up under the punch die so that it steady. is in the upper groove provided for it in card­ 6. Feed the metal leading-end of the ribbon between printing position (above the 12-punching posi­ the punch die and the card bed, sliding it through tion), and take up the slack. the groove in the center of the card bed (between 11. Replace the ribbon-spool retaining clamp.

Figure 27. Ribbon Replacement

35 Combination Keyboard Summary

On the keyboard chart (Figure 28) each key is num­ On the combination keyboard, keys 40-43 punch bered for purposes of description in the following multiple digits for eight special characters. They can summary. be pressed when the keyboard is in either numeric or alphabetic shift to punch these characters; Punching Keys Key Numerical Shift Alphabetic Shift Keys 1-18 can be pressed only when the keyboard is in 40 # (3,8) @ (4,8) alphabetic shift to punch the letters indicated. If one 41 , (0,3,8) % (0,4,8) of these keys is pressed while the keyboard is in num­ 42 $ (11,3,8) " (11,4,8) eric shift, the machine locks. To resume operation 43 • (12,3,8) 0(12,4,8) release the card, or press the alphabetic shift key, Space Bar which causes the letter to be punched. The space bar can be pressed at any time in a manual Combination keys 19-29 can be pressed when the field to cause ~pacing over one column of the card. If keyboard is in either numeric or alphabetic shift to a machine is not equipped with a multiple-punch key, punch these characters: hold down the space bar to permit multiple punching in the same column. Key Numerical Shift Alphabetic Shift p 19 & (12) Functional Keys 20 0 / (0,1) 21 1 U 30. NUM (NUMERIC SHIFT) 22 2 I This shifts the combination keyboard into numeric 23 3 0 position as long as it is held down. It is normally 24 4 J used to permit the punching of numbers in an other­ 25 5 K wise alphabetic field. 26 6 L 27 7 M 31. ALPH (ALPHABETIC SHIFT) 28 8 8 This shifts the combination keyboard into alphabetic 29 9 9 position as long as it is held down. It is normally used

SPACE BAR

Figure 28. Combination Keyboard Chart

36 to permit the punching of letters in an otherwise 37. REG (CARD REGISTER) numeric field. When duplication is being performed, This key is used primarily when inserting cards man­ this key permits automatic spacing over blank columns ually: and prevents skipping caused by X-punching. 1. Registers the cards at the punching and reading 32. DUP (DUPLICATE) stations. This key causes punching by reading from the pre­ 2. Stacks the cards from the left of the card bed. ceding card. 1,Vith Program Control. Pressing this key once causes 38. AUX DUP (AUXILIARY DUPLICATE) duplication of the field for which it is pressed, at This is supplied only when the machine has the aux­ the rate of 20 columns per second. iliary duplication feature. It causes duplication from Without Program Control. Causes duplication only as the master card on the auxiliary duplicating drum. long as the key is held down, at the rate of 10 col­ Under program control, pressing the key once dupli­ umns per second. cates the entire field from the master card; without program control, pressing it once duplicates one col­ 33. -SKIP (OR)- umn from the master card.

-SKIP in Numeric Shift. Punches an 11 (-) and causes 39. ALT PROG (ALTERNATE PROGRAM) skipping of the field for which it is pressed. Supplied only when the machine has the alternate pro­ -'-in Alphabetic Shift. Punches an 11 (-). gram feature. Press this key, either at the beginning 34. REL (RELEASE) or during the card cycle, for each card requiring alter­ Causes the cards at the punching and reading stations nate instead of normal program control. If the key is to be advanced completely past those stations. Fields pressed when a card is not registered at the punching programmed for automatic duplication beyond the station, it also causes a feed cycle. point of release are punched in the card before release 44. MULT PCH (MULTIPLE PUNCH) is completed. This is held down to permit the punching of more than 35. FEED (CARD FEED) one digit in a column. The keyboard is in numeric This key causes a card-feed cycle: shift when this key is pressed. 1. Feeds a card from the hopper. 2. Registers the cards at the punching and reading 45. CORR (CARD CORRECTION) stations. Supplied only when the machine has the card correc­ 3. Stacks the card from the left of the card bed. tion feature. Press this key upon detecting an error and before keying the next column of information. 36. SKIP This action moves the error card to the read station This causes skipping of the field for which it is pressed. and reproduces the information (up to the error col­ It is normally used for skipping the unused right-hand umn) into a new card at the punch station. Then, key portion of an alphabetic field. in the correct information and resume operation.

37 Index

Alphabetic Field-Limit Feature ...... 25 Manual Insertion...... 14 Alphabetic and Numeric Keyboard ...... 11 Multiple Functions ...... 29 Alphabetic and Numeric Punching with Program Control.. 16 Multiple-Punch Key ...... 33, 37 Alphabetic Shift (1) ...... 12 Multiple-Punched Columns...... 33 Alphabetic Shift Key ...... 14,36 Nine ({)) Code . , , , , , , , . ' , . , . , .. , . , .. ' .... , .. , . . . .. 21 Alternate Program Feature...... 21 Normal Program .. ".".""".""".,., .. ,."., ,12, 23 Alternate Program ...... 28 Numeric Keyboard. , . ' , . , , . , , , . , ' , , . , , , . , .. , , 11 Automatic Duplicate Switch ...... 15 Numeric Punching with Program Control 15 Automatic Duplication (0) ...... 12 Numeric Shift Key; Alphabetic Shift Key 14 Automatic Duplication-Suspension on First Card ...... 33 Automatic Feed Switch ...... 15 One (1) Code , , , ' , , ' , , , .. , , ' , , . ' , , , , , , . , . , , , . ' , . ,12, 21 Automatic Skip and Duplicate Switch ...... 15 Operating Features . , , , . , ' , , ' , , , , , . , , . , .. , , 8 Automatic Skip (11) ...... 12 Operating Sugestions ,"""'" 32 Auxiliary Duplicate Key ...... 12, 28 Operations ' , , , , , , , 14 Auxiliary Duplication Feature...... 21 Postcard Stock Feed Feature '" 25 Backspace Key ...... " 10 Preparing a Program Card .," 28 Card Correction Feature...... 22 Prepunched Master Card Insertion 19 Card Hopper ...... 8 Pressure-Roll Release Lever, , , , , , 10 Card Insertion Feature ...... 24 Print Suppression (3) , 20 Card Removal ...... 32 Print Switch ""',.,"" , , , . , , , . , 20 Card Stacker ...... 9 Printing Features """, ' , , , , , , , , 28 Card Visibility ...... 9 Printing Mechanism",,:., ""',', 11 Chip Box and Fuses ...... 11 Procedures for Alphabetic and Numeric Punching with Clearing the Card Bed ...... 32 Program Control '" , , , , , , , , . , 17 Column Indicator ...... 10 Procedure for Correcting Errors ",. 17 Combination Alphabetic and Numeric Keyboard...... 11 Procedure for Correcting Errors- Combination Keyboard Summary ...... 36 Partially Prepunched Cards , , , , ' , , , , , , , 18 Combination Keys ...... 36 Procedure for Inserting Cards Manually, , 15 Corner Cuts ...... 33 Procedure for Inserting Prepunched Cards ,',"'" , , , , 19 Procedure for Numeric Punching with Program Control, 15 Dash Skip or Dash Key ...... 16 Program Card ".,',',.,"""" 12 Duplicate Key ...... 17 Program Card Codes ' , 12 Duplicating...... 12, 17, 33 Program Card Preparation , . , , , , , , ' 28 Eight (8) Code ...... 21, 24 Program Control Lever .,""'" '., 10 Eleven (11) Code ...... 21, 24 Program Drum """"""."", .. "",."."" 12 Engaging the Program Reading Mechanism ...... 32 Program Example '" 30 Error Correction ...... 17 Program Planning Card ",., 29 Error Correction-Partially Prepunched Cards . . . . 18 Program Reading Mechanism 10 Program Unit, ' , , . , , , , , , , , , , , . , , ' , . , , ... , , , , .. , , , " 10 Features ...... 21 Punching Keys ,,', ... ,.,"',.,"',.,', .. ,"""'" 36 Feed Key...... 15 Punching Multiple Digits """.,.,',.,." .. ,., .. ". 33 Feeding ···.· ...... 8, 9 14 Punching Positions .".".,.,", .. , , , . , , . , , , , , 5 Field Definition (12) ...... '12 Punching Station . ' , , , ' , . , , . , . , . , . , , .. , . , . , . , , . , , . , ' 8 Five (5) Code ...... 21, 24 Four (4) Code ...... 21, 24 Reading Board """""""""""""""""" 10 Function Control Switches ...... "...... 11 Reading Station ."""', .. ,',., .. ,,"""",.,',,. 9 Functional Keys ...... 36 Register Key .,', ... ".,.".'.,.,""",., .. ,""" 14 Fuses ...... 11 Release Key .. ,,"', .. , ... ,",',.,"""',',.,"" 14 Removing a Card from the Center of the Card Bed , , , , " 32 High-Speed Skip Feature ...... 24 Removing a Card from the Left of the Card Bed, , , , .. , .' 32 Hopper...... 8 Removing a Card from the Punching or Reading Station" 32 IBM 24, Normal Program ...... 28 Ribbon Replacement "., ... ,.,.,., .. ,." .. ,.,""" 35 IBM 26, Printing Features ...... 20 Self-Checking Number Feature " ... "'"'" .. ,,.,,.. 24 IBM 26, Ribbon Replacement ...... 35 Seven (7) Code , ' , , , , , . , .. , . , . , ... , , , , , . , ' , , . , ... , 21 Inserting Cards Manually ...... 14 Shift Keys """"""""""""""""""" .14,36 Interspersed Gangpunch Feature ...... 22 Single-Card Feeding , , . , .. , ' ... , , , , . , ' , , , , , , , , , , . , .. 33 Introduction ...... 5 Six (6) Code , . , , ., . , . , , . ' , . , . , , , . , . , , . , , , , .. , , ' , " 21 Keyboard Locking ...... 33 Skip Key ,." ..... , ..... '.,.,., .... " .. " ..... "" 16 Keyboard Summary ...... 36 Skip Key (11 Punching) ""., .. , .. ,." ... , .. , ... ,' 17, 39 Keyboards ...... 11 Skipping . , . , , . , , . , , .. , . , ' , . , ..... , . , , 12, 15, 16, 24, 34, 37 Space Bar , .. ' ... ".',.,.".,',.,.,', .... ,., 36 Left Zero-Print (2) ...... 20 Locking of the Keyboard ...... Spacing over Columns """"""""""""""" 32 33 Special-Character Arrangements """"""""""" 27 Main-Line Switch ...... 9 Special Character Keys .... , ...... , ... , .. ' .. , ,. 36 38 Special Character Printing, , , ' , , , , , , , , , , 27 Three (3) Code. , .. .. 12,21 Special Features .,.,...... , . , . , . . . 21 Twelve (12) Code. .12,21 Stacker ' ... , . , . , . , ... , . , ... , . , .. , . . . 9 Two (2) Code "',., ...... 12,20 Starting a Punching Operation ' . , . . . . . , . 32 Variable-Length Card Feed Feature 26 Stopping a Punching Operation .. , , . , , . , . 32 Visibility of Cards .... 9 Suggestions for Operating ...... , ... ,"',.,., 32 Summary of Combination Keyboard .. ,'.. 36 X-Punching and Skipping 33 Suspending Automatic Duplication on First Card . . 33 Zero (0) Code .. ,.,. ... 12,21 Switches ...... , . , ...... , , . , ..... , . . . . , . ,9, 11, 20 Zero Printing . , ..... ' .. , .. 20,29

39