248 SAVING THE MARIN-SONOMA COAST EPILOGUE

Changing ’s Land Ethic

What better way to fight the destruction of Nature than to place in the hearts of the young this powerful plea for a land ethic. — Aldo Leopold, A County Almanac

alifornia stands today on the slippery brink of an environmental and social cataclysm as its unplanned population growth soars by Canother eighteen million by 2025. That’s the equivalent of adding two new counties the size of Los Angeles! In his remarkable book, Reluctant Metropolis, urban planner William B. Fulton traces the collapse of unman­ ageable, congested Los Angeles to imported water and a cartel of develop­ ment interests he calls the “growth machine.” This “machine” depends on the constant subdivision of new lands for enormous profits without regard for the consequences. My training in public health emphasized ecological factors that may put people at risk of disease, for example, air pollution and lung disease, rapid urban growth and heart disease, and malignant disease. Yet it stopped short of that crucial link— how to change the political landscape in order to minimize these risk factors. We must learn to “bell the cat”-to identify and replace the elected officials in each city or county who conspire Someday we hope to with the land speculators, developers, water agencies, promoters, bankers, again share this river and the like to create the “growth machine.” swimming hole with Each wave of developer-driven growth in county after county has left a abundant steelhead, horrendous ecological price to be paid by our children. For their sake each coho salmon, turtles, county must create its own land ethic revolution (as Marin did), in which osprey, cottonwood giants, wild grapevines, their land and water, fauna and flora are treated as sacred allies, not adver­ a n d D utchm en pipe. saries. This can best be accomplished at the county level, where voters can M y grandson, Steve, is gain political control of their county government and establish effective studying the tracks of a land-use and slow-growth population strategies. It took Marin’s grassroots rarely seen river otter.

EPILOGUE 249 organizations about fifteen years to defeat the same insatiable growth machine that overwhelmed Los Angeles, but that victory included achieving a stabilized population growth, a sound economy, and superb long-range land use planning. (See the Appendix for a partial list of environmental organizations in Marin and Sonoma counties.) Furthermore, to truly save our counties requires a vast expansion of out­ door classroom teaching. I would like to see the hands-on methods of Mrs. Terwilliger, “Bugs” Cain, Zumie, and our natural­ ists used in every school. We’ve found that inspired students will work to restore their creeks and watersheds. Young people soon learn that their own health is closely linked to the quality of the watershed in which they live. They also grasp Leopold’s simple truth that flora is the engine that pumps life into the great organ fauna, and that these are found on no other planet that we know of except Earth, with its fertility provided by water, sun, soil, and air. Like the late country singer John Denver, our children should cry with delight when they see the sun rise in a smogless sky. Voters must learn to select their state governor, their county supervisors, and their city council members with the same care they use to select their dentist or physician. Developers know that the easiest way to obtain permits to pave farmland, drain , fill , or mine rivers is to control county government. We learned this yet again just as we drew close to win­ ning the battle for gravel mining controls. Suddenly we had to start an entirely new battle with county supervisors to prevent the clear-cutting of thousands of acres of steep, forested Russian River watershed lands for con­ version to vineyards by syndicated investors and huge agri-businesses. As its population grows beyond its carrying capacity, each county faces the destruction of its most vital resources. Noted ecologist and naturalist Aldo Leopold (progenitor of the noted University of California family of river scientists) said it best in his 1948 Sand County Almanac: Quit thinking of land-use as solely an economic problem. Examine each question in terms of what is ethically and esthetically right. A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability and beauty of the biotic community. It is wrong when it does otherwise. Think what a boon it would be for California’s health if the state and the counties developed a coordinated land-use plan that managed and restored our lands based on Aldo Leopold’s standards. To ecologists, the loss of bio­ diversity is the greatest challenge facing California and the planet. We have

250 SAVING THE MARIN-SONOMA COAST seen how civilizations have quickly turned their land into barren wastelands. In my lifetime, for example, the delta marshes of the Colorado River, a “wilderness of milk and honey” as Leopold called it, have been dried up by dams to provide water for the desert cities of Las Vegas and Southern California. Unless we face the challenge squarely and recognize that the cumulative impact of mediocre water- and land-use planning forced on our counties by land speculators, co-opted politicians, and the like is blighting our land and our economic future, we will continue to see a steady decline in the health of our families and communities, and in the quality of our lives. The world of — egrets and salmon, songbirds and frogs— is a reliable indicator. We must heed its warnings. On looking back, it is the vision of those majestic steelhead trout charg­ ing their gills in that wild coastal river seventy years ago that has charged and recharged my entire life. Many wonderful friends, family members, and col­ leagues have also recharged my life in the great battles to save California. Finally, I salute Miss Olin, my fourth-grade teacher in Oakland who inspired her students in 1929 to sing truthfully, “I love you, California, you’re the grandest state of all,” Caroline Livermore, Peter Behr, Brenda Adelman, and Bill Kortum, who showed the power of one person to turn first their county and then their state around.

EPILOGUE 251

APPENDIX

a p p e n d ix o n e : Timeline: Diverting Rivers for Development

a p p e n d ix t w o : The Sonoma Experience: Managing the Russian River by Lawsuits

a p p e n d ix t h r e e : Environmental Organizations and Officers

APPENDIX 253 APPENDIX ONE

Timeline: Diverting Rivers for Development

1908 The Potter Valley Power Project: 160,000 acre feet of Eel River water diverted by tunnel into the Russian River each year, giving Sonoma County a huge new source of free water called “abandoned water.” System purchased by PG&E in 1929.

1949 Sonoma County Water Agency chartered by the state to sell water to Marin, Sonoma, and Mendocino, with Sonoma County Supervisors in charge.

1955 Metropolitan Water District of Southern California makes plans to dam North Coast rivers for diversion south.

1957 Sonoma County Water Agency begins to channelize miles of tributaries and drain 57,000 acres of land on the Santa Rosa Plain in anticipation of development for more than 200 ,0 0 0 people.

1959 Army Corps builds Coyote Dam on the Russian River (in Mendocino County) with the Sonoma County Water Agency to regulate the Eel River diversion.

Freeway hearings begin for massive Marin-Sonoma Coast development utilizing diverted Russian and Eel River water.

Marin Audubon Society created to fight building 2,000 houses by filling Richardson ( Bay).

1961 Marin Supervisors adopt the Bolinas Basin Master Plan for 50,000 people on the Southern Marin coast.

Creation of Audubon Canyon Ranch Sanctuary on and Highway 1 helps heighten opposition to coastal freeways and aqueducts.

1962 National Seashore authorized, but underfunded.

PG&E commences the nation’s largest nuclear power plant on —without pub­ lic hearings.

Warm Springs Dam on the Russian River authorized.

1965 Eel River Water Council created by eight North Coast counties to dam the Eel River— largely to supply Southern California— with the Sonoma County Water Agency at its center.

1967 Bolinas Harbor District Master Plan defeated by the “ Coup.”

West Marin General Plan for 150,000 people adopted by Supervisors for the east shore of .

Plan proposed to extend Russian River aqueduct to new Tomales Bay cities.

1968 Marin voters reject freeways and sprawl in crucial election, putting slow-growth Supervi­ sors in the majority for the first time.

1969 Governor Reagan kills the enormous Dos Rios Dam on Eel River.

Audubon Canyon Ranch sanctuaries created along Tomales Bay and Highway 1 to block development and to help save the Point Reyes National Seashore.

254 SAVING THE MARIN-SONOMA COAST “SOS Campaign” (Save Our Seashore) led by Peter Behr succeeds.

1971 Russian River-Marin aqueduct defeated by Marin voters 9-1.

West Marin Master Plan and coastal freeways withdrawn by Supervisors.

1972 Purchase of Point Reyes National Seashore and National Recreation Area com pleted.

“Wild and Scenic River Act” by State Senator Peter Behr protects Eel, Trinity, Klamath, and Smith rivers from dams.

M arks vs. W hitney Supreme Court Public Trust decision protects Tomales Bay and other California tidelands from land-fill.

California Coastal initiative (State Proposition 20), originated by COAAST in Sonoma County, passes.

1973 Water moratorium on new hookups by Marin Municipal Water District slows county growth; EIR and initiatives delay Warm Springs Dam.

Land Investors Research gives up on subdividing of 7,805 acres on Tomales Bay.

Final “slow growth” Marin Countywide Plan and 60-acre agricultural zones adopted by Supervisors.

1976 California Coastal Act creates permanent Coastal Commission to regulate development along 1,100 miles of coast.

1980 Marin Agricultural Land Trust created to preserve agriculture.

1983 Warm Springs Dam completed on Russian River by Army Corps for Sonoma County Water Agency— the last large dam in California.

1989 Russian River Task Force files first lawsuit to protect Middle Reach wells and drinking water aquifers from gravel mining.

1992 Having established growth controls, Southern Marin voters approve bond issue to import Russian River water, but implementation is unlikely.

1994 Federal legislation proposed to protect agriculture on the boundaries of Point Reyes National Seashore.

Sonoma Supervisors adopt twenty-year Mining Plan allowing of 200 more acres of the Russian River Aquifer.

1995 1997 American Rivers lists Russian River “one of the nation’s most threatened.”

Repetitive Russian River flood damages total $130 million.

1996 Friends of the Russian River threatens to sue the state for failing to protect the public trust resources of California rivers. Cal/EPA adopts Watershed Management Initiative for all California rivers.

Hearings to increase Russian River drinking water appropriations postponed. River is declared over-appropriated and in need of management.

Russian River coho salmon listed as threatened species (steelhead listed in 1997).

1997 Sonoma County Water Agency’s attempt to buy the Potter Valley Power Project from PG&E put on hold pending scientific studies of the decline of the salmonid species in the Eel and Russian Rivers.

1998 Gravel mining in the Russian River Aquifer continues.

APPENDIX 255 APPENDIX TWO

“The Sonoma Experience”

MANAGING THE RUSSIAN RIVER BY LAWSUITS

This long list of legal actions related to gravel mining is unprecedented in California coun­ ties and results largely from mismanagement of the Russian River by the Sonoma County Supervisors-Directors of the Sonoma County Water Agency, who also control gravel. None of the suits were frivolous; all sought to correct serious environmental wrongs, with litigation a tragic last resort.

I. Dry Creek Farmers, Sierra Club, and Russian River Task Force (wineries and growers)

1976 Successful litigation by twenty Dry Creek and Middle Reach farmers against Sonoma County and ten mining firms for allowing excessive mining, which resulted in the riverbed dropping about twenty feet and the loss of wells and property. All mining stopped; the litigation resulted in the 1981 Aggregate Resources Management (ARM) Plan, soon ignored.

1990 Successful litigation by the Sierra Club and Russian River Task Force against Sonoma County challenging rezoning of a designated agricultural and groundwater preservation area to accommodate Syar Industries’ 30-acre Phase II terrace mining project in the Middle Reach. The case resulted in a published opinion in the Court of Appeal, Sierra Club et al. v. County of Sonoma, (Syar) (1st Dist. 1992) 6 Cal.App.4th 1307. The County was required to prepare an Environmental Impact Report (EIR) prior to consideration of mining. The case exposed the lack of feasible reclamation in terrace mining, affecting Syar’s Phase I and Phase II pits, and resulted in preparation of an EIR and also the new 1994 ARM Plan.

1992 Litigation by the Sierra Club and the Russian River Task Force against Syar Industries and Sonoma County for expanded dredging of Syar’s Phase I, fifty-acre gravel pit without an amended permit. This pit is adjacent to Healdsburg’s wastewater gravel pit that ruptured into the river during floods of 1995 and 1997.

1993 Litigation by the Sierra Club and the Russian River Task Force against Sonoma County and Syar Industries for dredging the 35-acre Phase II gravel pit deeper than the riverbed without a study of levee stability and pit capture. A supplemental EIR was ordered by the Superior Court in April 1994, but levees ruptured in the floods of 1995 and 1997 before the EIR was completed.

1994 Supervisors adopt ARM Plan that allows dredging 200 more acres in the aquifer without repairing old pits to prevent pit capture. Litigation anticipated.

1997 Pending litigation by the Russian River Task Force against Sonoma County for issuing a ten year instream mining permit to Dewitt Sand and Gravel without first completing its critical pending environmental studies of ARM Plan inadequacies relative to the cumula­ tive impacts of instream mining on flooding, erosion, (including recent “threat­ ened” listing of coho salmon), and water supply.

256 SAVING THE MARIN-SONOMA COAST II. Groups

1985-1996 Successful litigation by Trout Unlimited against Sonoma County requiring a fish ladder over the Healdsburg Dam, checkpoint in the sinking river bed from excessive mining (adjacent to undermined Highway 101 bridge). Cost of fish ladder one million dollars not built by 1997.

III. Former Mining Employees and Aggregate Contractor

1991 Two lawsuits. A former employee and a contractor against Kaiser Sand and Gravel and Syar Industries for alleged price fixing and bid rigging in the sale of aggregate. Federal investigation. Settled out of court in 1995.

IV. Cities, State Attorney General, District Attorney, Grand Jury

1980 Unsuccessful litigation by the City of Ukiah against Mendocino County for allowing excessive mining adjacent to its wells. Ukiah ordered to construct the first drinking water treatment plant on the Russian River by State Office of Drinking Water because of contam­ inated wells. Cloverdale received the same order in 1995. The Sonoma County Water Agency may be next because of contamination of drinking water infiltration ponds and one well during floods.

1990 Year-long County Grand lury investigation of Sonoma County Supervisors and planning department for failure to regulate gravel mining. Ninety-six-page report and Task Force litigation resulted in new ARM Plan.

1991 Litigation by the Sonoma County Environmental District Attorney against Kaiser Sand 8c Gravel for dredging the 72-acre Benoist pit near The Sonoma County Water Agency wells for three years without a valid permit. This pit ruptures in each flood.

1992 Two suits by the State Attorney General on behalf of the State Lands Commission against Syar Industries for obstructing the river, silting public water intakes, creating a public nuisance, and mining on state property at the Doyle pit. Only the latter issue remains unsettled.

1993 Litigation by the City of Healdsburg against Sonoma County over impact of the Healds­ burg Dam on its wells.

1997 Caltrans replaces the undermined Highway 101 bridge at Healdsburg at a cost to taxpayers of eleven million dollars. It is not known if the state will litigate. The Federal Highway Department ruled in 1995 that miners pay for mining-related bridge damages.

V. Friends Of the Russian River

1995 Successful litigation by Friends of the Russian River against City of Healdsburg to stop use of Syar’s gravel pit for wastewater dumping after it ruptured into the river during floods. Such use abated by the Regional Board in 1995, but they gave six more years.

1996 Friends of the Russian River and Natural Heritage Institute filed notice of intended litiga­ tion against state agencies for failing to protect the Public Trust Resources of the Russian River. Negotiated outcome: a Watershed Management Program ordered by CAL/EPA for each river in California.

VI. O ther

1985-1998 Lawsuits by Russian River Watershed Protection Committee against Santa Rosa Sanitary District for repeated excessive wastewater discharges.

APPENDIX 257 APPENDIX THREE

Environmental Organizations and Officers

Audubon Canyon Ranch N an cy B arb o u r 1976 Jane Ferguson 1977 Sponsoring Audubon Chapters B everly S arjeant 1978 Madrone, Marin, Golden Gate, and Sequoia D ebbie A blin 1979 Mary Ann Sadler 1980 Executive Director Gerry Snedaker 1981 Maurice A. Schwartz Elizabeth Harsook 1982 P resid en ts Mildie W hedon 1983-1984 Kit Lee 1985-1986 L. M a rtin G riffin Jr., M .D.,* 1961-1962, Katie Beacock 1987-1988 1966-1967,1968-1970 F ran K orb 1989-1990 W illiam S. Picher* 1962-1966, 1977-1979 Barbara Beck 1991 G eorge P eyton Jr. 1967-1968 Cia Donahue 1992-1993 Howard Allen 1970-1972 Jeni Jackson 1994-1995 Dudley Hubbard 1972-1974 Betsy Stafford 1996 Edward P. McElhany 1975-1977 Patti Blumin 1997-1998 T h o m a s S. Price 1979-1981 Bruce Howard 1981-1983 Ranch Guides Robert Conrath 1983-1984 Coordinators: Eileen Libby, R ay P eterson Flora Maclise 1984-1986 Richard Baird 1986-1988 Audubon Canyon Ranch Jack Harper 1988-1990 Bolinas Lagoon Preserve Gary Holloway 1990-1992 Bouverie Preserve Robert Hahn 1992-1994 Cypress Grove Preserve Steve T hai 1994-1995 4900 Shoreline Highway Len Blumin, M.D. 1995-1997 Stinson Beach, CA 94970 Jack Harper 1997- (415)868-9244

^Founders, with Aileen Pierson

Docent Council Presidents Bouverie Audubon Preserve

Mary Belle Van Voorhees 1969-1970 Docent Council Presidents Joyce Henshaw 1971 S uzanne W eis 1984-1985 Lani Valentine 1972 G in n y F letcher 1985-1986 Jo M cL eod 1973 Eleanor Decker/ 1986-1987 Nadine Hastings 1974 Kate Henderson Barbara Chase 1975 G w en D hesi 1987-1988

258 SAVING THE MARIN-SONOMA COAST Faylene Roth 1988-1989 Founders and Instructors, 1972

Phyllis Ellman 1989-1990 H o w ard B. Allen* 1990-1991 Maxine Hall M a ry Jane Baker Anita Stelling 1991-1992 David Cavagnaro Sara Cleg 1992-1993 Kathy Cuneo Mary Engebreth 1993-1995 Nona Dennis 1995-1996 Shel Bernstein Phyllis Faber N oelle B on 1996-1997 M artin Griffin, M.D.* Pat McLorie 1997-1998 Remmy Kingsley Bouverie Audubon Preserve P am Lloyd A Branch of Audubon Canyon Ranch Ray Peterson P.O. Box 1195 W illiam S. Picher* Glen Ellen, CA 95442 M a ry Belle V an V oorhees* (707)938-4554 Clerin Zumwalt*

*ACR Board Members, 1972

The Environmental Forum The Environmental Forum of Marin of Marin P.O. Box 74 Larkspur, CA 94977 Founded by Audubon Canyon Ranch in 1972, Independent since 1975

P resid en ts National Audubon Society - California and the Richardson Polly Smith 1972,1982 Barbara Violich Bouchke 1973 Bay Audubon Center Karin Urquhart 1974 D ire cto r N ancy W ise 1 975,1979 Beth Huning Gloria Duncan 1976 Phyllis Faber 1977 National Audubon Society-California Judy Alstrom 1978 and the Audubon Center Ruth Solomon 1979 370 Greenwood Beach Road Ginny Havel 1980 Tiburon, CA 94920 Eleanor Siperstein 1981 (415) 388-2524 Barbara Salzman 1983,1985 Shirley B ogardus 1984 Virginia Souders-Mason 1986,1987,1990 Marin Conservation League Barbara Perlman-Wyman 1988, 1989 Marin Conservation League Dorothy Walters 1991 55 Mitchell Blvd., Suite 21 Kathy Lowrey 1992,1993 San Rafael, CA 94903 Karol Raymer 1994,1995 Julie Grantz 1996, 1997

APPENDIX 259 Griffin Russian River Russian River Riparian Preserve Environmental Forum

Griffin Russian River Riparian Preserve Coordinators c/o Sonoma Land Trust Meg Alexander, Tam Fraser, Pam Netzow 1122 Sonoma Avenue Russian River Environmental Forum Santa Rosa, CA 95405 538 Tucker Healdsburg, CA 95448 Friends of the Russian River

President Russian River Task Force Joan V ilm s Coordinators Founders, 1993 Therese Shere, M artin Griffin

M artin & Joyce Griffin, David Bolling, Legal Counsel T om R oth Susan Brandt-Hawley

Coalition Members, 1998 Russian River Task Force California Native Plant Society, P.O. Box 309 Milo Baker Chapter Glen Ellen, CA 95442 Citizens for Cloverdale Forestville Chamber of Commerce Friends of the Esteros Russian River Watershed Healdsburg Alliance for Responsible Citizens Protection Committee Madrone Audubon Society Marin Conservation League Founder/Coordinator Mendocino Environmental Center B renda A d elm an Russian River Alliance Russian River Watershed Russian River Chamber of Commerce Protection Committee Russian River Unlimited (Hopland) P.O. Box 501 Sequoia Paddling Club Guerneville, CA 95446 Sierra Club, Sonoma County Group Sonoma County Conservation Action Sonoma Ecology Center Sonoma County Sonoma Watershed Council Conservation Action Stewards of Slavianka Trout Unlimited Sonoma County Conservation Action Western Sonoma County Rural Alliance 540 Pacific Ave. Russian River Task Force Santa Rosa, CA 95404

Friends of the Russian River (FORR) 1217 14th Street Santa Rosa, CA 95404

260 SAVING THE MARIN-SONOMA COAST BIBLIOGRAPHY

Army Corps of Engineers. Final Environmental Impact Statement, Part II. Warm Springs Dam and Lake Sonoma Project, Russian River Basin, Sonoma County, California. Washington, DC: Departm ent of the Army, November 1973. Arrigoni, Patricia. Making the Most of Marin. Fairfax, Calif.: Traveler Publishers Interna­ tional, 1990. Ashley, Beth. “Kent Name Solidly Imprinted on Face of Marin.” Marin Independent Journal, August 1, 1993. . Marin. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1993. Audubon Canyon Ranch Natural History Handbook. Stinson Beach, Calif.: Audubon Canyon Ranch, 1996. Barbour, Michael, et al. California’s Changing Landscapes: Diversity and Conservation of Cali­ fornia Vegetation. Sacramento: California Native Plant Society, 1993. Bastian, Beverly and Barbara Gnoss. A Pictorial History of Belvedere 1890-1990. Tiburon, Calif.: The Landmark Society, 1990. Behr, Peter. Oral History Interview. Conducted 1988 and 1989 by Ann Lage, Regional Oral History Office. Berkeley: University of California for the State Government Oral History Program. Bolling, David M. How To Save A River: A Handbook for Citizen Action. Covleo, Calif.: Island Press, 1994. Bowen, Michael, ed. Streamkeepers Log, Special Steelhead Edition. San Francisco: California Trout, March 1995. Brickson, Betty. “Drinking at the Water Table; Ground Water: O ur Hidden Resource.” Pacific Discovery, W inter 1993: 32. Brower, David. The Life and Times of David Brower. Salt Lake City: Peregrine Smith, 1990. California’s Rivers and Streams, Working Toward Solutions. Prepared by Division of Water Quality, Sacramento: January 1995. California Water Atlas. Sacramento: State of California, 1976. Caughman, Madge and Joanne S. Ginsberg, eds. California Coastal Resource Guide. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987. Chatham, Russel. Angler’s Coast. Livingston, Montana: Clark City Press, 1990. Collins, Brian and Thomas Dunne. Fluvial Geomorphology and River-Gravel Mining: A Guide for Planners, Case Studies Included. Sacramento: California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, 1990. Conradson, Diane R. Exploring Our Baylands. Palo Alto, Calif.: Palo Alto Chamber of Com­ merce, 1966. Corwin, Ruthann, M artin Griffin, et al. Tomales Bay Study, Compendium of Reports. Prepared for The Conservation Foundation, Washington DC, 1972. Covel, Paul F. Beacons Along a Naturalist’s Trail: California Naturalists and Innovators. Oak­ land: Western Interpretive Press, 1988. (on “Bugs” Cain) Curry, Robert R. “Russian River Middle Reach— Aggregate or Aquifer?” Friends of the Russ­ ian River Conference Report. Healdsburg, Calif., March 31,1994.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 261 Davis, Margaret Leslie. Rivers in the Desert: William Mulholland and the Inventing of Los Ange­ les. New York: Harper Perennial, 1993. Dunn, James. “Goodbye, Agricultural Preserves, Owners of thousands of acres of Sonoma County farmland are swapping tax breaks for the opportunity to develop.” Sonoma Busi­ ness. Santa Rosa, Calif., April 1989. EIP Associates prepared for State Mining and Geology Board, US Army Corps of Engineers, City of Healdsburg. “EIR/EIS Russian River Instream Mining.” Syar Industries, Inc. M in­ ing Use Permit Application. June 1997. Evens, Jules G. The Natural History of the Point Reyes Peninsula, Rev. Ed. Point Reyes, Calif.: Point Reyes National Seashore Association 1993. Faber, Phyllis. Common Riparian Plants of California, A Field Guide for the Layman. Mill Val­ ley, Calif.: Pickleweed Press, 1989. Fairley, Lincoln. : A History. San Francisco: Scottwall Associates, 1987. Fellmeth, Robert C. Ed., Power And Land In California, The Ralph Nader Task Force Report on Land Use in the State o f California. Vol. 1. Preliminary Draft. Washington DC: Center for Study of Responsive Law, 1971. Florsheim, Joan, and Philip Williams. “Observations from the January 1995 Flood on the Russian River.” Prepared for the California State Coastal Conservancy, M arch 1995. . “Geomorphic and Hydrologic Conditions in the Russian River, California.” Discus­ sion Document prepared for the California Coastal Conservancy and the Mendocino County Water Agency, December 1993. Flosi, Gary, Forrest L. Reynolds and others. California Salmonid Stream Restoration Manual. Sacramento: California D epartm ent o f Fish and Game, O ctober 1994. Friends of the Russian River. Russian River in Peril, An Educational Conference. Program Report. Healdsburg, Calif.: FORR, March 1994. Galloway, Allan J. Geology of the Point Reyes Peninsula, Marin County, California. Bulletin 202. Sacramento: Division of Mines and Geology, 1977. Gilliam, Harold. Island In Time. New York: Charles Scribners 1962. . Between the Devil & the Deep Blue Bay: The Struggle to Save . San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1969. . “Wrestling Over the River, Are agriculture and recreation losing out to gravel mining in a battle for the Russian River?” This World, San Francisco Chronicle. San Francisco: July 4, 1993. and Ann Gilliam. : Portals of Time. San Francisco: Golden Gate National Park Association, 1993. Griffin, Martin. “Nepal.” Sierra Club Bulletin, October 1970. , ed. Landmarks in the History of Audubon Canyon Ranch. Stinson Beach, Calif.: Audubon Canyon Ranch, 1961-1973. . “Gravel M ining vs. Clean Drinking Water.” E.I.R. Environmental Impact Reporter. Sebastopol, Calif., April 1992. Gustafson, Joel F. Ecological Studies, Bolinas Lagoon, Marin County, California. Stinson Beach, Calif.: Audubon Canyon Ranch, June 1, 1969. Hart, John. San Francisco’s Wilderness Next Door. San Rafael, Calif.; Presidio Press, 1979. . Farming on the Edge: Saving Family Farms in Marin County, California. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991. . Storm Over Mono, The Mono Lake Battle and the California Water Future. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.

262 SAVING THE MARIN-SONOMA COAST Heig, James, ed. Pictorial History of Tiburon, A California Railroad Town. Sponsored by the Landmarks Society of Tiburon and Belvedere. San Francisco: Scottwall Associates, 1984. Heller, Alfred, ed. “The California Tomorrow Plan, Revised Edition” Cry California, The Jour­ nal of California Tomorrow. Summer 1972. Hurd, Edith Thacher. The Blue Heron Tree. Mill Valley, Calif.: Pickleweed Press, 1991. Jacobs, Diana, Principal Contributor, State Lands Commission. California’s Rivers: A Public Trust Report. Sacramento: California State Lands Commission, 1993. Johnson, Huey D. Green Plans: Greenprint for Sustainability. Lincoln: Univ. of Nebraska, 1995. Kondolf, G. Mathias and W. V. Graham. “Geomorphic and Environmental Effects of Instream Gravel Mining.” Journal of Landscape and Urban Planning. Berkeley, University of Cali­ fornia Dept, of Landscape Architecture, June 16,1993. LeBaron, Gaye. “Gaye LeBaron’s Notebook,” The Press Democrat, 1962-1998. “What’s Hiding Out There on Bodega Head?” December 17, 1995. “How in the World Did This Happen to Our Creeks?” October 22,1995. and Joann Mitchell. Santa Rosa, a Twentieth Century Town. Santa Rosa, Calif.: Histo- ria Ltd., 1993. Leopold, Aldo. A Sand County Almanac, and Sketches Here and There. New York: Oxford Uni­ versity Press, 1949, 1968. Leys, John, with Robert Curry, (advisor). Sustainable Development of the Middle Reach Aquifer. Senior Thesis for Environmental Studies, University of California at Santa Cruz, March 22, 1996. Livermore, Norman B. Oral History Interview. Conducted by Anne Lage and Gabrielle Mor­ ris, Regional Oral History Office. Berkeley: University of California for the State Govern­ m ent Oral History Program, 1981, 1982. Livingston, D. S. (Dewey). “A Good Life,” Dairy Farming in the : A History of Dairy and Beef Ranches of the Olema Valley and Lagunitas Canyon. San Francisco: , Department of the Interior, 1995. M adrone Associates and Arthur D. Little, Inc. The Russian River Water Supply Project, Envi­ ronmental Impact Report, Draft. San Rafael, Calif.: Marin Municipal Water District, Sep­ tember 1973. Marcus, Laurel. Russian River Resource Enhancement Plan, Status Reports. Oakland, Calif.: California State Coastal Conservancy, 1991-1995. . Scientific Data, Russian River Enhancement Plan, Referral and Submitted Background Documentation, Oakland, Calif.: California State Coastal Conservancy, M arch 1995 Marin Countywide Plan. San Rafael, Calif.: M arin County Planning Departm ent, 1973. Revised 1995. Marin Municipal Water District. An Historical Summary of the Marin Municipal Water Dis­ trict. Marin County, Calif., November 1972. . Environmental Planning Study. Report Prepared by Thomas G. Dickert & Robert H. Twiss. M arin County, Calif., November 1972. Marin Womens Hall of Fame. Annual Honorees. Anne T. Kent Room. San Rafael, Calif.: Marin County Library. Mason, Jack. Earthquake Bay: A History of Tomales Bay, California. Inverness, Calif.: N orth Shore Books, 1976. McHarg, Ian L. Design With Nature. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1992. M ount, Jeffrey F. California Rivers and Streams: The Conflict Between Fluvial Process and Land Use. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 263 North Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board Staff. Public Report On A Watershed Plan­ ning Framework For The Russian/Bodega Watershed Management Area. Santa Rosa, Calif.: NCRWQCB, March 7,1996. Oregon Water Resources Research Institute. Gravel Disturbance Impacts on Salmon Habitat and Stream Health. Vol. II: Technical Background Report. Salem: Oregon State University, April 1995. Pacific Rivers Council, Inc. The Decline of Coho Salmon and the Need for Protection Under the Endangered Species Act. Eugene, Oregon: Pacific Rivers Council, Inc., August 31,1993. Palmer, Tim, California’s Threatened Environment: Restoring the Dream. Covelo, Calif.: Island Press, 1993. Paul, Joseph. “Fight for the Eel, Klamath, Trinity, Wild Rivers Bill Reaches Congress.” Wild Rivers Reporter, Summer 1970. (Available from California Trout) Poten, Constance. “Canaries of the Biosphere,” M ontanan. Fall 1995:12. (on life in river aquifers) Pratt, Flelen. Herons & Egrets of Audubon Canyon Ranch. Stinson Beach, Calif.: Helen Pratt, 1993. Rector, Krista. Sonoma County Water Agency Russian River Watershed, Mendocino, Sonoma and Marin Counties, California. Santa Rosa, Calif.: Friends of the Russian River (FORR), April 1996. Reisner, Marc. Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water. New York: Penguin, 1986. Rivers, Trails and Conservation Assistance, National Park Service (RTCA). Economic Impacts of Protecting Rivers, Trails and Greenway Corridors, A Resource Book, 3d ed. Washington, DC: National Park Service, 1992. Rowntree, Rowan A. Biological Considerations in Bolinas Lagoon Planning: A Summary and Analysis. Prepared for The Conservation Foundation, Washington, DC and Berkeley, Jan­ uary 1971. Scarborough, Katie and Scot Stegeman. Farmland Worth Saving: The Present Value, Potential And Preservation O f Sonoma County Agriculture. Santa Rosa, Calif.: Sonoma County Farmlands Group, October 1989. Scott, Mel. The Future of San Francisco Bay. Institute of Governmental Studies. Berkeley: University of California Press, September 1963. Schell, Orville. The Town That Fought To Save Itself. New York: Pantheon 1976. (on Bolinas) Slade, David C. Esq. “The Public Trust Doctrine, A Primer for Friends of America’s Rivers.” Portland, Oregon: River Network, Sum m er 1993. Smith, Edmund H. and Johnson, Ralph G. The Environmental Study of Tomales Bay. Report for the Water Quality Office, Environmental Protection Agency, Project #18050DFP, August 1971. Snyder, Gary. A Place in Space: Ethics, Aesthetics and Watersheds. Washington, DC: Counter­ point, 1995. Sonoma County. Aggregate Resources Management Plan and EIR, Santa Rosa, Calif., Novem­ ber 1994. (Hydrology by Philip Williams Associates) Sonoma County Water Agency. Environmental Impact Report. Russian River to Cotati Intertie Project. Santa Rosa, Calif.: Sonoma County Water Agency, July 1974. . The Russian River Water Plan, Section A, Russian River Project, Section B, Sonoma- Marin Water Transmission System. Santa Rosa, Calif.: Sonom a County Water Agency, 1969.

264 SAVING THE MARIN-SONOMA COAST ______. Wohler Aquifer Acquisition and Pumping Capacity Restoration, Russian River-Cotati Intertie Project. Expanded Initial Study and Negative Declaration o f Environmental Impact. Santa Rosa, Calif.: Sonoma County Water Agency, May 6,1991. ______. Russian River Well Field Development. Santa Rosa, Calif.: Sonoma County Water Agency, April 22, 1994. . The Russian River: An Assessment of Its Condition and Governmental Oversight. Pre­ pared by Bob Beach, Sonoma County Water Agency, August 1996. . Sonoma County Water Agency Russian River Activities Workshop. Santa Rosa, Calif.: Sonoma County Water Agency, March 1995. . Water Supply and Transmission System Project. Draft, Environmental Impact Report. Vol. I. Santa Rosa, Calif.: Sonoma County Water Agency, September 1996. . Russian River Action Plan, A Regional Assessment of Resource Needs and Restoration Opportunities. Santa Rosa, Calif.: Sonoma County Water Agency, March 1997. Specter, Rosanne. “Doctor for the Environment, Dr. Marty Griffin” Stanford MD, W inter 1994/95. State of California Water Resources Control Board. Russian River Project. Decision 1610. Staff Report. Sacramento: State of California, State Water Resources Control Board, April 1986. . Russian River Watershed. Staff Report. Sacramento: State of California, State Water Resources Control Board, August 15, 1997. Steiner Environmental Consulting. A History of the Salmonid Decline in the Russian River. Sponsored by Sonoma County Water Agency and California State Coastal Conservancy. Potter Valley, Calif.: Steiner Environmental Consulting, August 1996. Steinhardt, David. “The Story of Richardson Bay, the Lyford House, the Founding of Rich­ ardson Bay Audubon Center and M arin Audubon Society.” Richardson Bay journal, Tiburon, Calif.: National Audubon Center, 1996. Terwilliger, Elizabeth. A Naturalist’s Guide to the National Audubon Society’s Richardson Bay Wildlife Sanctuary and Education Center. Tiburon, Calif.: Elizabeth Terwilliger Nature Education Foundation, 1980. The Economic Imperative of Protecting Riverine Habitat in the Pacific Northwest. Oregon Rivers Council, Research Report No. V, January 1992. Walker, David W. Bolinas Lagoon, An Environmental Management Program for Bolinas Lagoon, California. Washington, DC: The Conservation Foundation, February 1971. Wallin, Phillip and Rita R. Haberman. People Protecting Rivers: A Collection of Lessons from Successful Grassroots Activists. Prepared for River Network. Portland, Oregon: April 1992. Philip Williams Associates and Avocet Research Associates, Draft, Bolinas Lagoon Manage­ ment Update. San Rafael, Calif.: Marin County Dept, of Parks, Open Space and Cultural Services, August 1995. Whitaker, Scott (Anil Verma, Thesis Director). Griffin Riparian Preserve: Design for Restora­ tion, Preservation. Final Thesis Project. UCLA Extension Landscape Architecture Pro­ gram, Spring 1992. (Available at Preserve, Healdsburg) Wyatt, Bruce and others. The Third Biennial State of Tomales Bay Conference. Point Reyes, Calif.: Environmental Action Committee, October 24, 1992. Zimmerman, Joy. “Russian Roulette, Longtime Activist Marty Griffin warns of a river in peril.” Pacific Sun. March 16-22, 1994. Zumwalt, Clerin W. The History of Audubon Canyon Ranch. Draft Manuscript. Stinson Beach, Calif.: Audubon Canyon Ranch, 1996.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 265 INDEX

References to illustrations are printed in italics.

Ablin, Debbie, 42,92, 258 Azevedo, Margaret, 129 Bolinas-Stinson Beach Master Plan, Adelman, Brenda, 220, 222, 251, 260 34 Aggregate, 243-245, 257 Bagley, Bill, 120 Bolling, David, 224,260 Aggregate Resources Management Bahia Baulinas, 61 Bostick, Benton, 20, 22 (ARM) Plan, 205-206, 256, 257 Ballard, Allan, 87 Bostick, Dr. Warren, 20, 22 Agricultural and Aquifer Baptiste, Arnold, 107 Bouverie Audubon Preserve, xix, Preservation Zone, 205 Barbour, Nancy, 42, 92, 258 152, 153,155-159,258-259 Ah Pah Dam, 163 Barfield, Tom, 63 Bouverie, David, xix, 157, 159,254 Alexander Valley Reach, 236 Bay Conservation and Development Boxer, Senator Barbara, 93, 127,139 Alexander, Meg, 225,260 Commission, 18 Boyd, Rhoda, 67 Allen, Howard B„ 76,93,115,258-259 Beeby, David, 244 Brandt-Hawley, Susan, 208-209, 260 American River, 6 Behr, Peter, 66, 71, 89,97, 107, 128- Bransom-Cooke, Admiral, 65, 67 Anderson, Bruce, 200 129, 132,142,162,171, 191, Brower, David, 113 Angel Island, 12, 27 239,251 Brown, Governor Jerry, 168 Anton, John, 140 biography, 129,169 Brown, Governor Pat, xii, 33 Aquifers, importance of, 162-163 “Belling the cat”, 113,114, 205,207, Brown, Wishard, 148 See also Middle Reach; Sonoma- 209 Burge, Bob, 86 Marin Aquifer Benoist, Jay, 217 Army Corps of Engineers, 143,170, Benthos, 99 Cain, Brighton “Bugs,” 6 , 32,42 218 Bianchi, Al, 120 Cale, Mike, 192 and Bolinas Lagoon, 59, 81 Big Sulfur Creek, 152, 153 California Coastal Act of 1976, xiii, and Coyote Dam, 18, 33, 187 research, 74-75 255 and Warm Springs Dam, 140, 188 . See Eagles, Egrets, Hawks, California Coastal Conservancy, 219 Arnold, Jane and Stanleigh, 104 Herons California Committee of Two Arrigoni, Pat, 104 Block, Bishop Karl, 236 Million, 169-170 Arrigoni, Peter, 85, 104,105, 107, Bloomfield, Dr. Arthur, 7, 8, 236 Californians Organized to Acquire 117, 145 Blumin, Len, 92,258 Access to State Tidelands. See Aswan Dam, 245 Blumin, Patti, 91,258 COAAST Auburn Dam, 241 Boerger, Lt. Col. Frank, 166 California State Coastal Audubon Canyon Ranch, xiii, xviii, Bolinas, 69 Commission, 133,182, 255 28, 29, 39, 50, 92,94, 115, 128, Bolinas Harbor District, 33, 35, 57- California State Fish and Game, 237 254. 58,61-63,66, 68,254 California State Lands Commission, and Stan Picher, 53 Bolinas Lagoon, xiv, xviii, 3, 6, 15, 33,57 designated national landmark, 48, 16, 28-30,47, 54-62, 65-69,135 California State Water Resources 90 assessor’s map of tideland lots, 77 Control Board, 199 heronry (see Heronry) description, 31 California Water Resources land acquisitions, xviii-xix, 40, 55, encroaching development, 33, 34, Association, 170,186 58, 65,66, 68,74,75, 78,118, 81 Callison, Charles, 78 124,127,130-131 and freeway revolt, 29 Caltrans, 219,240,242 mission and purpose, 52,89, 90 heronry (see Heronry) Camp Dimond, 6 officers of, 258 illus., vi, 28, 30, 39, 46, 54, 56, 76, Can the Last Place Last?, 107, 110 origins of, 32 80 Canyon Ranch, 33, 35-36, 37. See policy shift, 89 importance of, 33 also Audubon Canyon Ranch purchase of, 40-42, 43 and logging, 85-86 Cape Cod National Seashore, 129 Ranch Volunteer Council, xviii, 91 and Pt. Reyes National Seashore, Carpenter, Ernie, 192, 192,206 reverter clause/protection of, 52 29,71 Cavagnaro, David, 93, 259 soil scientist’s dream, 81 rich habitat, 55,57 Cavagnaro, Maggie, 93 use of ACR land, 74 watershed description, 29 Cerini Ranch, xix, 127 See also Canyon Ranch Bolinas Lagoon Preserve, xviii, 70, Channelization, 111, 166, 193, 197, Audubon Society. See National 71 254 Audubon Society; Marin Bolinas Public Utilities District, 69 and siltation, 196 Audubon Society , xii, 34, 39, 85 on Santa Rosa Plain, 196

26 6 SAVING THE MARIN-SONOMA COAST restoration after, 197 description, 123 Dunn Ranch, 127 Charter, Richard, 240 Preserve, 94, 95, 260 Chatham, Russell, 175 Eagles, 82, 83, 84 Circuit Riders, 219 Dams, xii, 4, 172, 193,223, 245, 246 Ecology, 6, 7 Clear cutting, 7 destructive effects of, 4, 102, 161, Economics and urban sprawl, 247 Clifford Conly Center, 127 165,245 Edelbrock, Jerry, 93 COAAST— Californians Organized and development, 71, 140,143, Education, 250. See also Strategy, to Acquire Access to State 145,241 education Tidelands, 181,182 and economic growth, 247 Eel River, vi, xiii, 18,152, 153, 164, Coastal Commission. See California effect on fish, 4, 15,139, 198 165 State Coastal Commission and fishing industry, 161, 170, and development, 186 Coastwalk, 128, 182-183 173,198,223 diversion, 230, 254, 255 Coey, Bob, 225,237 and flood control, 165, 190, 241 “Tunnel from Hell”, 172, 173, 198 Cohen, Aaron, 76 moratorium on, 169 Eel River Dams, 167,168,170-173, Cole, Edris, 49,91 See also Ah Pah Dam; Aswan 186 Colgrave, Gloria, 156 Dam; Auburn Dam; Columbia Eel River Tunnel, J72, 173,198 Collier, Randolph, the “Silver Fox”, River Dams; Coyote Dam; Dos Eel River Water Council, 143,145, 165, 169 Rios Dam; Eel River Dams; 164, 169,186,254 Collins, George, 120,126,132 Elwa Dam; Trinity Dam; Egger, Frank, 87 Columbia River dams, 4 Yellow Jacket Dam; Warm Egret heronry. See Heronry Conly, Clifford, Jr., xix, 77, 117,124, Springs Dam Egrets, 39, 43-45,54, 55, 56, 75, 90, 124-125, 127 Danielson, Bob, 63, 65 102,134 Conservation Associates, 126 Danielson, Nancy Kent, 63 effects of development on, 34,44 Conservation Foundation, 79,136 Day, Dick, 19,182 feeding grounds, 59 Cooper, Dr. Robert, 136 Dennis, Nona, 93,259 See also Great Egrets Cordell, Kim, 219 Designing with nature, xiii, 69,110, Einstein, H.A., 215 Cordero, Joan, 8 148-149 Elliott, Bob, 145-146 Corwin, Ruth, 117,136 Developers, xvii, 195,202,205 Ellman, George, 158,202 Coyote Dam, vi, 18, 3 3 ,152, 153, and Bolinas Ridge and Lagoon, 34 Ellman, Phyllis, 158, 259 236, 254 and politics, 250 Elwa Dam, 223 effect on Russian River, 178 Development, 72,200 Enid Thompson Ranch, 75,76 effect on water quality, 178 and water supply, 18, 145 Environment, and health, x-xvii, 10, erosion caused by, 187 effects of, 196,201, 213 247,249-250 flooding, 197 on floodplain, 212-213,246, 254 Environmental Action Committee of Craemer, Jack, 148 See also Bolinas Lagoon; Marin West Marin, 128 Creeks County; Richardson Bay; Environmental Forum of Marin, destruction of, 220,235 Sonoma County; Sprawl xviii, 89,92-93,102,225 importance of, 197,235 Dickey, Mrs. Donald, 22 Environmental Studies of Bolinas restoration, 225,239 Digger Bend, vi, 152, 153,158, 175, Lagoon and Tomales Bay, xviii See also Channelization; Big 213, 228, 236 Episcopal Bishop’s Ranch, 234 Sulfur Creek; Dry Creek; proposed mining of, 226 Erosion, 82, 85,102, 158, 193,198, Griffin Creek; ; Docent Training Program, xviii, 89, 235 ; Nicasio 91 Esposti, Nick, 192, 206,207, 209, Creek; ; Santa Doctrine of Public Trust, 16, 134, 211,225,226,234 Rosa Creek; ; 218 Estero Antonio, 109 Stuart Creek; Tamalpais Creek; Donahue, Cia, 91,258 Estuaries, brackish, 15 Turn Turn M ountain Creek; Dos Rios Dam, 108, 166,168-169, Euphrat, Fred, 226 Walker Creek; Willow Creek 172,254 Crevelli, John, 182 Dredging, 56, 58, 68, 256 Faber, Phyllis, 93,259 Cronin, Leo, 226 Drinking water, xii, 95,193,195, Fairfax, 86 Crosset, Cathy, 219 214,224, 235-236,240, 256-257 Felson, Jack, 146,147 Crossette, Barbara, 81 contamination of, 198,212, 220- Ferguson, Doug, 148 Crowley Marine Company, 22 221, 222, 226 Ferguson, Jane, 148,258 Crum, Eleanor Evans, 78 treatment of, 194, 212,222 Ferris, Miles, 220, 222 Cuneo, Kathy, 93, 259 Dry Creek, 152, 153, 180 Finley, Dr. Knox, 61 Curry, Dr. Robert, 208,239 Dubos, Rene Jules, 15 Finley, Malcom, 61 Cypress Grove, xix, 112, 113,116, Duck Island, xix, 97,102,127,260 Fisheries, xii, 161,170,173,198,223, 117, 118,129,260 Dugan, Barry, 207 212,245

INDEX 267 and dams, 161, 170,173,198,223 bars, 160, 162,226 formation of Environmental Fishing, 3, 7, 227 bed rivers, 160-163 Forum of Marin, 93,259 Fletcher, Dr. Grant, 121 bed tributaries, 153 Marin Audubon Society, 10, 21 Flood management, 240 beds, importance of, 163 Marin Countywide Plan, 111 Floodplain, 163 beds, instream, 241 Marin Municipal Water District development, 212-213,246, 254 economic value, 244 seat, 140-141,144,145 mining sites on, 198 filtration, 194 conservation projects outside Flooding, 193,196, 212-213,221 mining (see Mining) California, 155 and channelization, 196,213,254 mining firms, 226, 242-243, 256- move to Sonoma County, 155 and growth, 196 257 member of Eel River Water Follis, Mrs. Gwin (Bunny), 41 pits, 207,209, 211, 216, 239, 242 Council; 164, 169 Fonta, Rose Rodrigues da. See Rosie skimming, 177-178 founding of Hop Kiln Winery, Verrall vs. quarry rock, 243 177 Foppiano, Pete, 225 wars, 206,214 ARM Plan, 205 Freeways, xii, 34, 61,104,105, 117, See also Middle Reach Gravel suit against mining firms and 241 Aquifer Supervisors, 205 proposed West Marin, 29, 34, 71- Great Blue Herons, 34,43,44-45,56, Friends of the Russian River, 228, 74,72, 73, 97, 107,254,255 75 260 Friedman, Jerry, 120, 136, 137 Great Egrets, 2,3 ,3 4 Griffin Russian River Riparian Friends of the , 128,222 Green, Mark, 228 Preserve, 236 Friends of the Russian River, 211, Greenway Project, 236 in Egypt, 245 224-225,228-229,255,257, 260 Gregg, Harold, 68 Griffin, Mimi, 8 Fundraising, 42-43, 208,225 Griffin Creek, 177,180,225, 229, Growth 233-237,239 citizen-controlled growth, xiii, Gaffney, Karen, 219 Griffin Ranch, condemnation threat, 107, 108, 139, 142,254 Gaffney, Rose, 181 234 costs of, 142 Gahagan, Mike, 127 Griffin Russian River Riparian destructive effects of, 157,250 Gaiser, Bob, 208, 219 Preserve, xix, 152, 153,234, developer-driven, xii, 8, 9, 15, 31, Galloway Ranch, xviii, 71,72, 74 235,236,238,259 34, 108,143,249 Galloway, Allan, 72-74 Griffin, Bob, 4-5 medical consequences, 157 Galloway, Mary, 36, 72-74 Griffin, Frances, 3,5 and water supply, 36, 143, 145, Garbage dumps, 10 Griffin, Joyce, 211, 224, 225,235, 161 and Bolinas Lagoon, 79 236,245,260 Gustely, Ed, 240 Garden Clubs of America, 49,74 Griffin, Loyal, 3-5, 175,189 Gardiner, Sam, 5, 18, 134, 142, 145- Griffin, Martin (Marty), ix, x, xix, Hall Ranch, xix, 127 146,147 115, 227 Halprin, Larry, 166 Geyser Geothermal Power, 153 illus., 6, 62, 65, 85, 127, 142, 147, Hamburg, Dan, 224 Geyser Peak, 217,234 163, 224, 225 Harassment, 66, 147, 208 Giacomini Marsh, 121 birth and childhood, 3-7 Harberson, Jim, 192,202 Giacomini, Gary, 107,135 family, 3-8,189 Hardy, Dian, 222 Giacomini, Waldo, 119 formative experiences, xiii, 3-7, Harkins, Rebecca, 23 Gianelli, William, 168-169 32,102, 176 Harper, Jack, 77,159, 258 Gilliam, Harold, 215, 219 education, 5-7 Hauke, Jerry, 140 Gilroy Plan, 60, 61 in medical practice, xiii, 7, 8,9,67, Havel, Ginny, 93 Gilroy, Norman, 61, 62 155, 156 Hawks, 82 Gnoss, Bill, 66 as conservationist, 9, 10,15, 21 Health Golden Gate Audubon Chapter, 42, goals and dreams, 33,43,66, 251 and the environment, x-xvii, 10, 258 as strategist, 35, 78 247, 249-250 Golden Gate National Recreation chairmanships, 42, 89, 136, 156 and urban growth, 47, 157, 249 Area, 57, 61,68, 72, 79,107, honors, 43,235 Hechtman, Virginia, 181-182 128, 132,135,149, 255 contribution to Picher-Griffin Heller, Alf, 169^ Goodall, Bill, 23 team, 48 Heneman, Burr, 68 Goodman, Wally, 48 strain on health and family life, 50 Henke, Ed, 171 Grantz, Julie, 93, 259 move to Italy, 52 Hermann, Jack, 73 Grassroots activity, xiii, xiv, 229, 233, threats and litigation against, 66, Heronry, 36-39,41,44-45, 61,90 247 147, 208 Herons, 34,43-45, 56, 59, 75, 90, 102 Gravel, xiii, 186,207, 218, 245 member of Environmental Hevel, Erline, 67 aquifer, 162, 212,222, 240 Quality Committee, 89 Hewlett, Greg, 62

26 8 SAVING THE MARIN-SONOMA COAST Hinkle, Chuck, 183 Kent, Roger, xviii, 57, 104, 166 mottos, 21 Hirsch, David, 171 Kent, Thomas, 57 presence and persuasiveness of, 20 Hoffman, Marty, 227 Kent, William, 56-57 purchase of Audubon Canyon Hog Island, xix, 97, 102,127, 260 Kent, William, Jr., 48 Ranch, 39 Holmes, Rex, 189 Kettenhofen, Ernest “Kett,” 65, Livermore, Norman B. “Ike”, 162, Hooper, John, 240 103-104,105 166,168,169, 171, 224 Hooper, Pardow, 39,41, 74, 76-78 Keys Creek/Walker Creek Delta Lloyd, Pam, 93,140,145,259 Hop Kiln, 177, 179,225,238 Saltwater Wildlife Sanctuary, Logan, Van Norden, 114,125 Humiston, Glenda, 229 130 Logging, 7, 82,83, 85-87,246 Huning, Beth, 25, 259 Kingsley, Mrs. Rembert (Remmy), Los Angeles Aqueduct, 163 91,93,259 Lowden, Dr. Lois, 156 Independent Journal, 50,66,116, Kipahulu Wildlife Preserve, 155 Lydecker, Byron, 66 124, 148 Kondolf, Matt, 241 Lyford Mansion, 22, 24 International Rivers Network, 247 Kortum, Bill, 181, 182, 183,251 Lynch, Tom, 220 Inverness Association, 128 Kull, Carol, 8 Lynn, Anne, 8 Lyons, Jim, 229 Jackson, Jeni, 91,258 Laguna de Santa Rosa, 153, 213, Jacobs, Diana, 224 220 Maclise, Flora, 158,258 Jaros, Dr. Val, 163 Lagunitas Creek, 94, 95,102,139, Mad River, 172, 242 Jenner Coalition, 181 227 Madden, Dick, 41 Jepson Bishop Pine Preserve, 7 Lagunitas Lake, 138, 139 Madrone tree cutting battle, 87 Jepson, Willis Linn, 7 Laird, Aldaron, 211, 242 Maloney, Doug, 85-86, 106 Johannson tidelands, 121,130, 260 Lake Nassar, 245 Maps, list of, vii Johannson, Oscar, 118,119 Lake Pillsbury, 173 Marcus, Laurel, 219 Johnson, Huey, 63,65-67,107,132, Lammie, Colonel James, 188 Marin Agricultural Land Trust, 128, 168-169,222,224,246 Land acquisitions, 133,135, 255. See also Marin Jonas, Gail, 188 Audubon Canyon Ranch, xviii- County Open Space District Jones, Clinton, 63 xix, 40, 55,58, 65,66,68, 74, Marin Audubon Society, 34-35, 37, Jordan Winery, 217 75,78,118,124, 127,130-131 128,254,258 Jordan, Larry, 41 as conservation strategy, xviii, 20, and Richardson Bay, 10 Joske, Pierre, 50 31,35,47,50-51,58,62,65,71- formation of, 21 Junior League of San Francisco, 90, 72, 74,77, 79,117,120,125, purchase of Audubon Canyon 93 127,237 Ranch, 39-43 Justinian Code, 3 Land Investors Research, 113-115 , xii, 107 Land Investors Research, 113-114, Marin Conservation League, xviii, Kaiser Sand and Gravel Co, 115, 116, 125, 132,255 17,22,26,65-66,103-104,128, processing plant, 204, 205, 216, Land use. See also Development 260 257 ethic, xiii, 249-250 purpose of, 20 Kaiser, Pam and Ron, 208 legacy of frontier California, 16 Marin County, ix-x, xiii-xiv, 14 Kayfetz, Paul, 188 planning, xvii, 108, 250, 251 citizen-controlled growth, xiii, Kearney, Nello, 65, 67 Larson, John, 116 107, 108, 139, 142,254 Kelly, John, 75,93, 121 Lato, Steve, 49 conservation movement, 10, 79 Kennedy, President John F., 71 LeBaron, Gaye, 155,180, 182,196 description of, 15 Kent Island, xviii, 56-67 Lee, Dr. John, 47 developer-driven growth, xii, 8, condemnation threat, 65 Leonard, Doris, 126 9,15,31,34,108,143 description, 55 Leonard, George, 33 development of, xiii Fund Drive, xviii Leopold, Aldo, 249, 250 effect of Coyote Dam on, 18 Grand Jury investigation, 66 Levees, 211,233,256 freeway proposed, 31,34,35 illus., 28, 56, 62, 77, 90 Leveque, Peter, 182 land use planning, 108 “The Kent Island Coup”, 61,64, Levers, Janet, 240 and logging, 85-86 65-66 Lewis, Max, 73 Logging and Quarrying and Pt. Reyes National Seashore, Limantour Bay, xii Ordinance, 85 57 Litigation, 66,147-148,229. See also as model, xiii, 109 and tideland battle, 55 Strategy, litigation politics, xiii, 31, 34,107,108, wildlife on, 56 Livermore Marsh, xix, 126, 260 139,142, 254 Kent, Alice, xviii, 57,58 Livermore, Caroline, 10,16,17, 20, water, 108,139, 142,145-149, Kent, Anne, 57,63,65,67 22,23,26, 27,251 255 Kent, Martye, 6 3 ,166 biography, 26 zoning, 133, 148-149,202,255

INDEX 269 Marin County Board of Supervisors, Millerton Point Ranch, 117 Open space, xiv, 111,119,142. See 107,108,109,110 Mining, xii, 177,206,218, 226,240- also Marin County Open Space and Pt. Reyes National Seashore, 242,246 District 129 destructive effects of, 179, 180, Oswald, William J., 69 and Warm Springs Dam, 107 198,218,233,242 Otis, Webster, 114,116 Marin County Open Space District, destruction of natural water filter, Owens Valley, 163 xviii, 68, 108, 111 192 , 102,119 Marin Countywide Plan, xvii, 89, and drinking water quality, 193, 107-108,110,137, 255 195, 256-257 Pacific Flyway, 17, 61, 103 Marin Master Plan, Mary Summer’s, effects on tidelands, 18 Pacific Sun, 50, 60, 8 5 ,168 71 erosion, 198, 217,256 Parcher, Loren, 83 Marin Medical Society, 47 ,51 firms, 220,242-243,256-257 Paul, Joseph, 169,170, 171 Marin Municipal Water District, 10, and flood damage, 216 Penny Island, 181 18,30, 139-141,143, 255 instream, 219, 256 Marsh Restoration Mark West Creek, 220,213,221 interests, 205 Project, 232, 233 Marks vs. Whitney, 133,134,255 pits, 217, 256-257 Peterson, John, 158,159 Marks, Larry, 134 quarry, 206 Peterson, Ray, 88, 89, 93, 258,259 Marshall, Harry, 25, 78 vs. river, 243,245 Peyton, George, 63, 76,115, 124, 258 Marshlands, x, 213,233 sites, 243 biography, 135 filling of, 9-10 and threat to water quality, 198, PG&E, 180-181,254 freshwater, 102, 127 211-216,217, 256-257 Philip Williams and Associates, 219 importance of to birds, 9, 17 Mono Lake, 134, 163 Picher, Stan, 21, 34,41-42,50, permanent protection of Monrad, Eric, 225 52,76,77,92,115,120,158, California’s, 134 Moore, Harry and Callita, 93 258-259 as real estate, 18 Morford, Mike, 240 biography, 48, 53 saltwater, 17 Morgan, Angela, 159 fundraising, 49, 53,77,89, 127, Martinelli, Jordan, 146,147 Morrison, Bob, 195,199,211,219 135 Martinelli, Leroy, 83-84 Morro Bay, 61 Galloway Ranch, 73 Mason, Jack, 51 Mt. Livermore, 13 Kent Island purchase, 66 Matthews Walker Timber Company, Mt. Tamalpais, 15, 17 Picher Canyon, 43, 53 85 Muir Beach Butterfly Preserve, purchase of Audubon Canyon May, Richard, 171 132 Ranch, 39,40 McDaniel, Gene, 35-36, 58 Murphy, George, 132 Picher, William Stanton. See Picher, McGuire, Warren, 148 Stan McNamara, Steve, 50 National Audubon Society, 20, 25, Pierce Point, 114 McPhail, Jack, 146,147 39,78-79, 134, 259 Pierce Point Ranch, 113,116 Media, 67,77,219. See also Strategy, National Audubon Society Chapters, Pierson, Aileen, 41 media; Independent Journal-, xviii. See also Marin Audubon Pikes Gulch. See Galloway Ranch Pacific Sun Society; Golden Gate Audubon Pit-mining. See Mining Metropolitan Water District of Chapter Planning, land use, xvii, 108,110, Southern California, 163, 172, Nature Conservancy, The, xviii, 63, 250, 251 254 65,66, 67, 107, 155 Pleydell-Bouverie, David. See Meyer, Amy, 128, 132 Navarro River, 7 Bouverie, David Meyn, Barbara, 225 Newell, Paul, 63,65, 76 “The Plot to Save Marin”, 106, 139, Middle Reach gravel aquifer, 153, , 95 140,162 177,195,205,2)6,226,236. Nicholas, Janet, 202 Point Reyes Bird Observatory, 74, See also Sonoma-Marin Nichols, Richard, 182 128 Aquifer Nile River, 245 Point Reyes National Seashore, xii, description, 179 Nixon, President Richard, 129,132 xviii, 28, 31,71,94, 95,129, effect of mining on, 209 North Coast Regional Water Quality 135,255 mining of, 178, 179,256 Control Board, 235 authorized, 254 plan to restore, 220 North Marin Water District, 114 funding of, 132 Miller, Alden, 6 and Land Investors Research, Miller, Congressman Clem, 31 Oceana Marin, xii, 109 115, 116 Miller, Frank, 85 Oko, Captain Adolph, 119 Point Reyes Peninsula, xii-xiv Miller, Gordon, 164,187, 191,196 Olema Freshwater Marsh, xix, 127, Poole, Randy, 199 promoter of dams, 186 130 Population growth, xvii, 4,110, and state water lobby, 187 Olin, Miss, 6, 251 202, 249

270 SAVING THE MARIN-SONOMA COAST effect on tidelands, 18 protection of, 246 Russian River Enhancement and and flooding, 196 protection zones, 163,234,236 Access Plan, 219 post war, 7 public trust, 228 Russian River Environmental Santa Rosa, 220 wild, 161 Forum, 211, 225, 260 Sonoma County, 187 worldwide devastation of, 245 Russian River Greenway, 238 See also Development; Growth; See also Eel River; Russian River Russian River Greenway Education Sprawl Rochioli, Tom, 207 Center, 237 Poteracke, Arlene, 156 Rodney Strong Winery, 206, 215 Russian River Protection and Potter Valley Power Project, 172, Roos-Collins, Richard, 229 Meander Corridor, 230 173,254 Rosie’s bluff, 13 Russian River Task Force, 206,211, “Power and Land in California”, Rossiter, Warren, 189 225, 256-257,260 The Ralph Nader Task Force Roth, Tom, 224-225,228,260 Russian River Watershed Protection Report, 181, 205 Rountree, Rowan, 136 Committee, 222, 257,260 Pratt, Helen, 34, 43 Ruby, Paul, 159 Prison system, environmental Russell Ranch, 234 Sacramento- impact of, 157 Russian River, x, xii-xiv, 15,197, 220, system, 15 Pusser, Gordon, 114 223, 227, 254, 255 Salmon, 15, 227,229,233, 234,239, aquifers, 250 255 Quarries, 206 and BART tunnel, 181 Salzman, Barbara, 111,241, 259 Quarry rock, 243, 245 and Coyote Dam, 18,254 San Francisco Bay, xiii-xiv, 9, 15-18 Quigley, Margaret, xix, 127, 130 designated threatened river, 199, San Francisco Bay Conservation and Quinn, Bill, 171 255 Development Commission, 27 destruction of, 175-178,193, 219 San Rafael Creek, 10 Raptors, 82 and developers, 179,195 Santa Rosa, 220, 222,224 Raymer, Karol, 93,259 and development of Sonoma Plain, effects of development on, Reagan, Ronald, 168,171 Coast, 181 212-213,254 Rector, Krista, 226 effect of farming on, 176 Santa Rosa Creek, 152, 197,220 Reed, John Paul, 20,21-22,25 exploitation of, 195,255 Save O ur Seashore, 129, 254 Reeds Port, xii, 19, 20,22 facts, 193 Schwartz, Dr. Herman, 21 Regina, Al, 218 and fishing, 175,226,227,230, Schwartz, Karen, 91 Regional Water Quality Control 255 Schwartz, Maurice “Skip,” 91 -92, Board, 222 and flooding, 188,221, 254, 255 127,258 Reisner, Mark, 139 gravel (see Gravel) Sea Ranch, xii, 181-182 Resource Conservation District, 237 illus., vi, 160, 174, 175, 196, 209, Seeger, Bill, 141, 143,145-147, 149 Restoration, 233 216 Sewage, 69, 99, 101,220 Reynolds, Laurel, 42 issues, 193 Sharon, Hurford, 75,77 Reynolds, Dr. Rick, 42 litigation, 211,256-257 Shaw, Krista, 203 Rhinehart, Charles, 182 management of, 200,224,226 Sher, Byron, 226 Richard, Charles, 189 and miners, 195 Shere, Therese, 226, 228,260 Richardson Bay, xiv mining plans for, 192,199 Shields Marsh Preserve, 130 battle begins, 20 pit capture, 180 Shields Salt Marsh, xix, 119-121 description of watershed, 13 political debate, 226 Shields, William Page, 119 illus., vi, 12, 14-16, 24 pre-mining, 175,176 Sierra Club, 128,256-257,260 proposed development of, 19 and proposed development of Siltation, 68,158,198,234-235,257 proposed filling of, 9,15,18, 20, West Marin, 99 Silver, Sol, 85 254 and strip-mining, 176 Smith, Bill, 189 today, 25 and Warm Springs Dam, 188, Smith, Edmund, 99 Richardson Bay Foundation, 20,22 254.255 Smith, Ernie, 182 Richardson Bay Rosie Verrall and wastewater, 193,212-213, Smith, Sally, 189 Sanctuary, xix 222.255 Smith, Tim, 192 Richardson Bay Sanctuary, 22,25 watershed, 152, 153,193,194, Snyder, Gary, 1 Righetti, Dr. Ethel, 85 229 Snyder, George, 202 River Network, 246 “Wild and Scenic River” bill, Sodini, “Skinny,” 238 River Protection and Meander 239-240 Solnit, Al, 110 Corridor, 234, 236 Russian River Action Plan, 200 Solomon, Daniel, 161 Rivers, 164 Russian River Appreciation Festivals, Sonoma County, x, xiii, xiv, 226, 230, destruction of, 241 225 254,255 mining vs. quarry mining, 245 Russian River Corridor, The, 235 agriculture, 230-231,238

INDEX 271 and mining firms, 208 Sprang, Elizabeth, 73 training, 45,211 “Beyond Sprawl”, 202-203 Sprawl, be, xii, 17,31, 100,110,202, Strategy, election, 145 development of, 109, 149,200, 230-231 Straus Ranch, 135 202,230 economics and urban, 247 Straus, Bill & Ellen, 114 development plans for, xii and health, social, environmental Stroeh, Dietrich, 149 environmental movement, 180 problems, 156 Stuart Creek, 154, 155 gravel mining vs. wine growers, prevention of, 139,140 Summers, Harold, 33,103 244 in Sonoma County, 149,200 Summers, Mary, 20,33-34,98,103 gravel producer, 241 Stafford, Betsy, 91,258 Surface Mining and Reclamation loss of wetlands and , 197 Stafford, Ron, 146 Act, 240 municipal water system, 194 Standard Oil spill, 77 Swaney, Mike, 226 political upheaval, 183 State Lands Commission, 18,20, Swensen, Len, 208 preserving from growth, 202,229, 217, 224 Swift, Sean and Carolyn, 237 230-231,240 in the real estate business, 33 Swing, Rt. Reverend Bishop William, and mining (see Mining) State Mining Board, 241 237 Warm Springs Dam, 149, 187 State Water Project, 170 Syar Industries, 178,206-207,208- water supply and development, State Water Resources Control 209,211,218,256-257 185 Board, 229 zoning, 202,256 Stegner, Wallace, 17 Tamalpais Creek, 166 Sonoma County Board of Steinhardt, Dr. David, 20-21, 22 Terwilliger, Calvin, 8 Supervisors, 181,193,230, 255 Stewardship ethic, 157 Terwilliger, Elizabeth, 8, 10, 21,25, and control of Russian River Stewart, Frances, 68 40,132 watershed, 195,254 Stoddard, Emma, 5 Tessand, Madame Suzanne de, 36 and developers, 192 Stoddard, George “Pop,” 5-7 Tevis, William, 36-37,40-41 and development of coastline, 180 Storer, Tom, 66 The California Water Atlas, 15, 168 and gravel mining, 209,226, 255 Strategy, 52, 102,215 The Flowering Plants of California, 6 investigation of, 257 “belling the cat,” 113,114, 205, Thompson Ranch, xviii, 71,74 and litigation against, 256-257 207,209 Thompson, Enid, 75-77 Sonoma County Water Agency, xii documentation, 208 Thompson, Mike, 224 chartered, 254 donation, 25,77 Thorner, Tom, 139-140,146-147 connection to Army Corps, 186 education, 44, 50, 59, 85, 89,91- Tidal Waterway Protection and Coyote Dam, 187 92,211,224, 225,237,250 Ordinance, 166 and developers, 195 effective, 135 Tideland Sanctuaries, 130 and development, 115,143,192 “flash the cash,” 21,34 Tidelands, 7,18,46, 4 7 ,116, 119, and Eel River, 172,173,255 form support organizations, 10, 121,130,260 and flood control, 197 21,44,47,84,128 effect of destruction of, 18 and lack of public accountability, fundraising, 41 -42, 49,67 as garbage dump, 9 191,192, 230 grassroots organizations, 31,68, importance of, 63,125 and litigation, 256-257 246 lawsuit that stopped filling of, 9, and mining, 179, 205 how to, 50-51 133 mission, 192 joint organizational efforts, 240 leasing of, 57 and river management, 195, 197, land acquisition, xviii, 20, 31, 35, and Marks vs. Whitney, 134,255 214, 227,234,237, 240 47, 50, 58,62,65,71-72,74, 77, richness of, 18 river mining scandal, 180 79.117.120.125.127.237 sold by State, 16, 97 signs of change, 199 litigation, 208, 209, 211, 226, 228- Timeline: Diverting Rivers for and Warm Springs Dam, 140,186 229,256-257 Development, 254-255 wells, 221, 222, 235,255,256-257 media, 44-45, 47, 50, 77,84, 166, Tindall, Avery, 240 Sonoma Creek, 155, 158 168,206-207,208-209,211, Tomales basin demographics, 98 Sonoma Developmental Center, 157 215.219.237 Tomales Bay, vi, xii, xiv, 15-16,33, “The Sonoma Experience,” 256-257 mistakes, 61,205 94, 96-104, 98, 109, 113-121, Sonoma Land Trust, 224, 233,236, monitoring compliance, 117,225 134, 255 259 opposition’s condemnation, 62 battle for, 97-98 Sonoma-Marin Aqueduct, 99, 141, political, 35,44,65-66,103-104, description, 97-98 255 106, 109,129,226,230, 249-250 development, 97,110-111, 113 Sonoma-Marin Aquifer, 153,213, research, 215,240 erosion, 102 217,255. See also Middle Reach reverter clause, 52 food chain, 102 Gravel Aquifer to save Sonoma County, 230-231 historic, 98 Sousa, Mayor, 87 secrecy, 51, 63, 65 land speculation, 113

272 SAVING THE MARIN-SONOMA COAST proposed development of, 102, authorization of, 187, 254 Wellman, Ted, 103, 139 114,254 cost of, 188 Wells, 195, 256-257 today, 135 description of, 185 Sonoma County Water Agency’s, watershed, 94, 95,135 destructive effects of, 185,187, 221, 222,235,255,256-257 Tomales Bay Association, 128 189 West Marin, 30,31, 128 Tomales Bay Ecological Preserve, and development, 71,99,183, and MALT, 133 120 187, 188,190,192 proposed development of, 98, Tomales Bay Environmental Study, and flood control, 188, 190 101, 104 135,136-137 history of, 185-189, 191-192 protected lands, 132 Tomales Bay Preserve, xix justifications for, 99 water for proposed development, Toms Point, xix, 127, 130 lobbying for, 187 115 Tributary restoration, 227 and Marin County Supervisors, West Marin General Plan, 98,100- Trinity Dam, 161 107 101, 103, 115,254 Trout, steelhead, 220,223,227,233, opposition to, 188-189,192 demise of, 107, 255 251 stalling, 142 Westside Road Wineries, Russian Trout Unlimited, 128, 257,260 voter disenfranchisement, 188, River Task Force, 206, 211, 225, Turn Turn M ountain Creek, 3 192.254 256-257, 260 “Tunnel from Hell” (Eel River Warm Springs Dam Task Force, 188 Wetlands, 17. See also Marshlands; Tunnel), 172, 173, 198 Warner, Iva, 191-192 Tidelands Twiss, Robert, 136 Wastewater, 69, 99,109, 193, 198, Wheeler, Doug, 224 Tykodi, Bill, 124,125, 127 220, 224, 256, 257 White, Sean, 237 treated, 220 White-O Ranch, 236 Underhill, Bertha, 67 pollution of treated, 220 Whitney, Peter, 134 University of the Pacific Marine Water Wild and Scenic Rivers Bill (SB 107), Station, 136 lobby, 165 169,255 Urban corridor, 111, 231 moratorium, Marin County, 108, William Page Shields Salt Marsh Urban growth, 220 139, 142, 145-149, 255 Study Area, 120 Beyond Sprawl, 202 quality, drinking (see Drinking Williams, Philip, 224, 247 effect on rivers, 241 water) Willis, Mindy, 42 gravel connection, 241 quality and mining, 192, 193, 195, Willow Creek, xii, 181 proposed, of West Marin, xii 198,211-216,217,256-257 Wilson, Richard, 166 and water supply, 139 the State Water Project, 166 Winkelstein, Dr. Warren, 247 See also Sprawl supply and growth, 18, 36, 71, 97, Wohler Bridge, 191, 213 , 246 115,139, 143, 145,161, 185, Woolsey, Congresswoman Lynn, Urban sprawl. See Sprawl 194 135,224 Urquhart, Karin, 93,107, 259 thefts, 163 Wornum, Michael, 107 US Fish & Wildlife Service, 83 See also Metropolitan Water Utah Construction Company, 20, 22, District of Southern California; Yarish, Tom, 224 181 Russian River; Sonoma County Yellow Jacket Dam, 165, 172 Water Agency; Warm Springs Van Voorhees, Mary Belle, 92, 258, Dam Zinke, Dr. Paul, 86 259 Watershed, 1,15, 159, 229, 233, 237, Zoning, 107-108, 137, 148-149, 202 Varian, Dorothy, 126 246. See also Bolinas Lagoon; Zucker, Paul, 110 Verrall, Rosie, 20,21-25,23 Richardson Bay; Russian River; Zumie. See Zumwalt, Clerin Verrall, Rose da Fonta. See Verrall, Tomales Bay Zumwalt, Alis, 81 Rosie Watershed Campaigns, 246 Zumwalt, Clerin, 49, 55, 57, 83, 84, Vilms, Joan, 202,226,227, 260 Watershed Management Initiative, 85, 93,127 Volkerts, Art, 191 229.255 Audubon Canyon Ranch, 82 Volunteer Canyon, xviii, 74-75, 77, Watershed Management Plan, 139 biography, 81-82, 87 88, 89 Watershed Management Program, and eagle shooting, 83 228-229,257 Environmental Forum of Marin, Walker Creek, xix, 95, 102, 127 Watershed 2000, 246 93, 259 Walker, Mrs. Alma Brooks, 49 Waxman, Jerry, 219 and logging, 86 Walker, David, 136 Wayburn, Dr. Edgar, 3 1 ,128, 132 and madrone tree cutting, 87 Walters, Billy, 177 Wayburn, Peggy, 128 Marin watershed manager, 139 Warm Springs Dam, vi, xii, 108, 135, Weeks Gulch. See Volunteer Canyon “Sage of Marin County”, 87 140, 148,152, 184, 255 Wellman, Grace 8t Ted, 65 as teacher, 82, 87

INDEX 273 PHOTO CREDITS

Aero Photographers, Inc.: 14, 30, 70,116. Bill K ortum : 181. M ichael Amsler: 227. Gaye LeBaron: 180. Peter Arrigoni: 105. George Livermore: 26. Audubon Canyon Ranch Archives: 48 (BRY), 51 Dewey Livingston: 178 lower. right, 53, 56 (Walter Goodman), 57, 75 (John M. Laurel Marcus: 203, 218, 245. King), 83 (Tori Hafer), 86 (BRY), 87 (BRY), 88 Marin Conservation League: 100, 101. (Bob Stendel), 90, 91, 92, 93,157,158,169 M arin C o unty Library, A nne T. Kent Room : 107. (BRY). M arin M edical Society: 51 left. Robert Bastian, San Francisco Chronicle: 18, 67. Marin Municipal Water District: 143. Sally Behr: 129. North Marin County Water District: 117. Belvedere-Tiburon Landmark Society: 19 upper, 20, Pacific Sun: 60, 168. 22, 23 (Philip Planert). John Peterson: 156, 159. Bolinas Museum: 69. George Peyton: 135. The Buffalo News/United Press Syndicate, Cartoon Planning and Conservation League: 171. by Tom Toles: 242. Art Poulin: 199. California State Highway Commission: 35, 72, 73. Jeanne Price: 24 upper, 127. Robert Campbell: ii, iii, 190. Pt. Reyes Light: 137. Richard Charter: 240 (Martin L. Nelson). A nne Ransom e: 196. County of Sonoma: 192. Bill Ring: 183. Martin Griffin Archives: 4, 5 (Ken Rice), 6 (Ken River Network: 223 (Washington State Historical Rice), 7, 8,10,16,17, 21, 24 lower, 25, 32, 36, 37, Society). 38,41, 42, 43, 46, 52, 65 (Les Walsh), 76, 77, 78, George Rockrise: 238. 80,102,109,110,113, 114,119,120, 122, 124, Santa Rosa Public Utilities District: 220. 125,126, 129, 132,133,136, 138, 141,142, 144, Save San Francisco Bay Association: 9. 163 (Richard Erskine), 165, 167 lower, 170, 172 Charles Schulz, United Media: 79. upper right, 177, 179,188,195, 201, 206, 207, Sonoma County Water Agency: 194. 208, 209, 211, 216, 218, 219, 221, 222, 224, 225, Sonoma Land Trust: 232, 235. 228, 234, 239, 241, 244, 247, 248. StanfordM.D. Magazine: 62, 85, 111. Robert Griffin: 189. Christina Taccone, San Francisco Daily Journal: Healdsburg Historical Museum: 160,174, 186. 176,178,204. Bettylou H utton: 154. Tom T horner: 140. Independent Journal: 49, 64, 84, 142, 147 (Jim Kean). Trout Unlimited: 226 (Brian Hines). Robert Janover: 191. US A rm y C orp o f Engineers: 184, 187. Steve Kearsley, San Francisco Chronicle: 214, 215. Edgar W ayburn: 128. John Kelly: 33, 96, 98,112,118, 133. Clerin Zumwalt: 2, 34, 39, 45, 54, 59, 63, 82, Martye Kent: 166,167 upper (Clifford S. Lawrence). 134,237.

274 SAVING THE MARIN-SONOMA COAST ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Loyal Martin Griffin, Jr., MD, MPH, was born in Ogden, Utah, on July 23,1920. He has had a distinguished medical and wildlife preservation career spanning forty years and including a major role in creating some of the most magnificent wildlife sanctuaries in North America. Educated in the OakJand, California, public schools, he graduated from the University of California in Berkeley in 1942 with a degree in zoology. After working in the on night shifts, he made enough money to enroll at Stanford Medical School, where he received his medical degree in 1946. He served as a Captain in the US Army Medical Corps at the end of World War II. Dr. Griffin interned at Stanford Hospital in San Francisco, and practiced in Marin County for seventeen years. There he helped start the Ross Valley Clinic, Ross General Hospital, Kentfield Psychiatric Hospital, and The Tamalpais retirement cen­ ter. He served as chief of medicine at both Marin General and Ross Hospitals, and was certified as a diplomate of the American Board of Internal Medicine in 1953. In 1961, under Griffin’s leadership, Audubon Canyon Ranch was created, and grew to include large wildlife sanctuaries on Bolinas Lagoon, Tomales Bay, and Sonoma Creek. Ranch purchases of key parcels helped to protect the area surround­ ing the Point Reyes National Seashore from development. Griffin was a co-founder of The Environmental Forum of Marin and also helped establish a wildlife preserve as part of the Haleakala National Park at Kipahulu, Maui. In 1973 he was elected a director of the Marin Municipal Water District. Wildlife work in Nepal whetted his interest in public health, and he returned to UC School of Public Health for a Master’s Degree in 1972. Dr. Griffin served for fif­ teen years as Public Health Director at the Sonoma State Hospital for developmental disorders in Glen Ellen. In 1980 he was appointed Chief of the Hepatitis B, and later AIDS, Task Force for the eleven State Hospitals. On his retirement, he was given the Governor’s Award for his successful Hepatitis B Immunization Program. In 1975, Dr. Griffin founded Hop Min Winery on the Russian River near Healdsburg. To protect the river and to encourage watershed management plans for all of California’s rivers, he founded the Russian River Task Force in 1990, the Russ­ ian River Environmental Forum, and co-founded Friends of the Russian River. He and his wife Joyce established the Griffin Russian River Riparian Preserve in 1990. Dr. “Marty” Griffin has long combined his passion for steelhead fly fishing, wildlife, and the environment with his skills in medicine and epidemiology. In numerous articles about his career, he has been called the “environmental physi­ cian,” “the nature doctor,” and “the doctor with mud on his shoes.” He has four daughters and six grandchildren.