Managing Risk Building Resilience

International Peace Institute

2014 ANNUAL REPORT

NEW YORK | VIENNA | MANAMA

2014 ANNUAL REPORT The International Peace Institute (IPI) is an independent, international not-for-profit think tank dedicated to managing risk and building resilience to promote peace, security, and sustainable development. To achieve its purpose, IPI employs a mix of policy research, strategic analysis, publishing, and convening. The Institute was founded in 1970 as the International Peace Academy (IPA), which focused on training military officers and diplomats for United Nations peacekeeping operations. In 2008, the organization changed its name to the International Peace Institute to reflect its current identity as a research institution that works with and supports multilateral institutions, governments, civil society, and the private sector on a range of regional and global security challenges. IPI also carries out work in and on Africa, the Middle East, Europe, and Central Asia. With staff from more than twenty countries and a broad range of academic fields, IPI has offices facing United Nations headquarters in New York and offices in Vienna and Manama. IPI partners with regional organizations, think tanks, universities, and NGOs to conduct research, produce publications, and convene meetings in many parts of the world.

Managing Risk, Building Resilience IPI’s work is framed around the strategic goal of managing risk and building resilience for a more peaceful and secure world. This approach emphasizes the need for strategic anticipation, proactive response, and long-term engagement. It also provides a framework for cooperation across institutional silos and geographic boundaries. Our approach to this work is informed by a commitment to the Four I’s: innovate, implement, institutionalize, and impact. This conceptual framework guides the Institute’s overall efforts to contribute to a more peaceful, stable, and prosperous world. INNOVATE IMPLEMENT

The world is changing quickly and To reach their full potential, innovative dramatically, presenting a challenge ideas need to be implemented. IPI to the international system. works to strengthen the imple- Innovative responses are mentation of policy recommen- required. IPI fosters inno- dations by producing tools vation by providing anal- for practitioners and con- yses of global trends vening timely discussions and contributing focused on pragmatic fresh ideas to policy responses. policymakers.

As a research insti- To be most effective, tution that provides innovation and imple- practical advice and mentation must be insti- insightful analyses, IPI tutionalized. To assist in seeks to have a positive this endeavor, IPI seeks impact on peace, security, long-term partnerships with and development by shaping governments, civil society, and policies, providing up-to-date risk multilateral organizations to bring assessments, and offering constructive innovative ideas from concept to imple- evaluations of current approaches. mentation to sustainability.

IMPACT INSTITUTIONALIZE

01 Terje Rød-Larsen, President Rita E. Hauser, Chair of the Board of Directors

Letter from the Chair of the Board and President

Photos: 1. Margaret MacMillan, Historian and Professor at the University of Oxford 2. Hardeep Singh Puri, Vice President of IPI and Secretary-General of the Independent Commission on Multilateralism, and Amr Moussa, former Secretary-General of the League of Arab States 3. Louise Mushikiwabo, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of the Republic of Rwanda 4. Børge Brende, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Norway 5. Rita E. Hauser, Chair of IPI’s Board of Directors, and Iyad Madani, Secretary-General of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation 6. John Baird, then Foreign Minister of Canada; Kevin Rudd, Chair of the Independent Commission on Multilateralism and former Prime Minister of Australia; Tony Blair, Quartet Representative for the Middle East Peace Process; and Terje Rød-Larsen, President of IPI 7. Leymah Gbowee, 2011 Nobel Peace Prize laureate, peace activist, and women’s rights activist 1 8. Sheikh Sabah Khalid Al Hamad Al Sabah, First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs of Kuwait, and Federica Mogherini, High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and former Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy

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We live in a time of extraordinary global transforma- IPI’s Vienna office provided support to Switzerland’s tion. Change is occurring at unprecedented speeds, chairmanship of the Organization for Security and making the capacity to adapt all the more critical. Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). Against this backdrop, in 2014 the International Peace As an action-oriented research institution, IPI seeks to Institute began framing its work around the strategic have a direct impact on the shape of policy, and IPI’s goal of managing risk and building resilience for a Brian Urquhart Center for Peace Operations has proved more peaceful and secure world. We are pleased to well-positioned to do just that. When the UN secretary- report that this approach has led to another highly general announced the formation of a high-level inde- productive year for IPI. pendent panel to review peace operations, IPI was asked IPI organized more than 120 events this year and to serve as a principal source of external expert support produced more than twenty publications, including the to the panel. much-anticipated volume The Search for Peace in the As the United Nations system approaches its seventieth Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Compendium of Documents and anniversary, many are asking whether the multilateral Analysis. In addition to regular events held at IPI offices system is still fit for purpose. In part to respond to this in New York, Vienna, and Manama, the Institute contin- question, IPI launched the Independent Commission on ues to convene international events on several continents. Multilateralism (ICM) in September. The Commission Highlights included a high-level forum organized with seeks to develop policy proposals for enhanced cooper- the Salzburg Global Seminar, “1814, 1914, 2014: Lessons ation on subjects relevant to global security across the from the Past, Visions for the Future,” and two work- United Nations system. shops on religious political movements at IPI’s regional office for the Middle East and North Africa. As these examples indicate, IPI’s staff, partners, and donors have made this another exciting and busy year In 2014, IPI further demonstrated the philosophy that at the Institute. It is a pleasure to present further details the best “think tanks” are also “do tanks.” It continued about our programs, events, publications, and financials to provide practical policy advice and assistance to gov- in this annual report. ernments and multilateral organizations. For example,

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Africa 3

Building Peace and Development with Women, Youth, and the Wise What roles do women, young people, and elders play in peacebuilding, development, and reconciliation in the Sahel and Maghreb regions of Africa? IPI explored this question with a number of partners in 2014. The Institute conducted field research in Mali, Niger, and Senegal and organized a meeting in Rabat, Morocco, in collaboration with Hassan 1st University, the Moroccan Association for Economic Intelligence, and the Centre for Strategies and Security in the Sahel Sahara. The event resulted in the creation of a citizen-led platform 1 called Citizen Group 33, whose purpose is to exchange Photos: 1. Abdou Dieng, UN Ebola Crisis Manager for Guinea and former Senior knowledge and experiences on the two regions’ chal- Humanitarian Coordinator in the Central African Republic 2. Participants of IPI’s lenges. A final report focusing on the political participa- regional roundtable in Accra, Ghana on “Effective Governance in Challenging tion of women and youth as a vector for peacebuilding Environments” 3. Emilie Béatrice Epaye, Member of the Central African Republic’s National Transitional Council 4. Aisha L. Abdullahi, African Union Commissioner and development in the Sahel was published in French for Political Affairs and English. Promoting Effective Governance in Challenging Environments In partnership with the African Union’s Department of Political Affairs, IPI examined ways to advance effective governance in challenging African environments,

04 International Peace Institute 2014 Annual Report From original research on peace building in the Sahel to events that spurred action on the crisis in the Central African Republic, IPI’s work in 2014 supported 4 conflict resolution as well as long-term peace and develop ment in Africa. The Institute worked closely with African part ners to leverage local knowledge for security, stability, and prosperity on the continent.

especially countries emerging from conflict. Central Leveraging Local Knowledge for to the project was a regional meeting on “Effective and Peacebuilding and Statebuilding in Africa Inclusive Governance in Africa: Bridging the Gap IPI’s project on Leveraging Local Knowledge for Between Norms and Performance,” which took place in Peacebuilding and Statebuilding in Africa completed Accra, Ghana, and brought together representatives of five case studies on local peacebuilding and statebuilding the African Union, the African Peer Review Mechanism, initiatives, authored by African practitioner-scholars. regional economic communities, and civil society, The case studies, published in an IPI policy report in including women and youth groups. The discussions and 2015, include women’s statebuilding initiatives in Egypt, subsequent research produced concrete ideas aimed at youth-centered peace programs in Burundi, violence- advancing democratic governance on the continent, which transformation training in Zimbabwe, the use of online were shared in a policy report and through a webcast and mobile technologies to counter election violence in launch event in New York. Kenya, and efforts to build local governance in Mali while addressing transnational organized crime. Fostering Dialogue on African Issues As part of its continuing strategy to inform, debate, and promote understanding of critical contemporary issues in Africa, IPI organized a number of roundtable discussions and policy fora on the crises in South Sudan and the Central African Republic in 2014. One event that drew attention to options for bringing sustainable peace to South Sudan was viewed online more than 5,000 times. Four meetings on the Central African Republic were credited with helping to galvanize the international community, including the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, into action.

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2 Europe and Central Asia

Providing Strategic Advice in Support In 2014, IPI’s Vienna office bolstered of Peace infrastructures for peace in Europe One of the Vienna office’s main activities in 2014 was to and Central Asia—providing strategic support Switzerland’s chairmanship of the Organization advice for security cooperation, for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)—the generating new ideas for media world’s largest regional security organization, with tion initiatives, and helping leaders to learn from the past and fifty-seven member states. IPI provided policy advice pave the way for a more and assistance in drafting decisions for the OSCE peaceful future. Ministerial Council in Basel. It also supported the Helsinki+40 process, which seeks to further strengthen cooperation on security in the OSCE community forty years after participating states made their foundational commitments in Helsinki, Finland. In 2014, IPI also continued its strategic cooperation with Kazakhstan and Mongolia, promoting regional cooperation in Central Asia and providing risk analysis on international developments. Breaking the Ice on Frozen Conflicts IPI’s Vienna office continues to closely monitor developments in relation to the “frozen conflicts” in the OSCE area. In addition to advising the Swiss chairmanship of the OSCE in relation to the Transdniestrian settle- ment process, IPI organized and co-hosted a meeting near Bern to explore new approaches to settling the

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Photos: 1. Marco Gercke, Director, Cybercrime Research Institute; Walter Kemp, IPI’s Senior Director for Europe and Central Asia; and Ben Hiller, Cyber Security Officer of the OSCE Transnational Threats Department 2. Vaira Vīķ-Freiberga, President of the Club of Madrid and former President of the Republic of Latvia 3. Lyse Marie Doucet, BBC Chief International Correspondent; Ivica Dačić, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Serbia; and Miroslav Lajčák, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Slovak Republic 4. Participants at IPI’s high-level forum in Salzburg on “1814, 1914, 2014: Lessons from the Past, Visions for the Future”

Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. This event generated Drawing Lessons from History for ideas on how “track II” mediation initiatives could Future Security more effectively complement the negotiation process. What lessons from the past should be heeded when The Institute increased its focus on the crisis in seeking to reduce the risk of conflict today, particularly Ukraine in 2014. In a special event in Vienna that in the face of the crisis in Ukraine and the complex explored the possibilities for dialogue and the implica- threats in the Middle East? Participants reflected on tions for the international community, IPI brought this question at a high-level symposium in Salzburg’s together then Ukrainian foreign minister Andriy Schloss Leopoldskron, titled “1814, 1914, 2014: Lessons Deshchytsia and the chief monitor of the OSCE Special from the Past, Visions for the Future.” Organized in Monitoring Mission to Ukraine, Ambassador Ertuğrul cooperation with the Salzburg Global Seminar, the Apakan, as well as a number of diplomats, experts, and event explored the strengths of the 1814 Congress of members of the press. Vienna, which ushered in a new international system in the wake of the Napoleonic wars, and the pitfalls that Helping Defuse Energy-Related Disputes led to the outbreak of World War I a century later. IPI In the second year of its Energy and Security project, produced a short documentary film, narrated by histo- IPI’s Vienna office explored the impact of energy on rian Margaret MacMillan, to inform the event and security and ways to strengthen multilateral mecha- reach a wider audience online. nisms to prevent and defuse energy-related conflicts. In this context, the Institute held one regional expert-level IPI’s 2014 Vienna Seminar focused on more recent trends meeting in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, focused in twenty-first-century diplomacy. The forty-fourth on the Middle East and the Eastern Mediterranean, and annual forum examined “War and Peace in a Digital another in Paris, France, focused on West Africa. To Age,” looking at how technology is affecting war, peace- ensure the relevance and impact of its work, IPI also making, governance, privacy, and safety. deepened its strategic partnership on this topic with the International Gas Union, a global nonprofit association that serves as a spokesperson for the gas industry.

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Middle East 3

Catalyzing Cooperation for Humanitarian Action As the humanitarian crisis emanating from Syria continued to create enormous challenges for displaced Syrians, their hosts in neighboring countries, and the region at large, IPI sustained its work in catalyzing regional and international cooperation on this issue in 2014. Roundtable events in Amman, Jordan, and in New York fostered dialogue among experts, diplomats, Following the establishment of IPI’s regional office for the Middle East and UN staff on the evolving challenges and innovative and North Africa, the Institute ways to address them. In particular, the project focused addressed some of the most com on Syrian refugees’ medium-term needs and strengthen- plex and pressing challenges in ing regional organizations’ capacities to work together the Middle East in 2014, including to address them. This strategy recognizes that ensuring Syrian refugees, religious political movements, and transitions to health, education, and livelihoods by cooperating across democracy. IPI’s new book The borders could, in turn, contribute to regional stabilization. Search for Peace in the Arab- Israeli Conflict offers a Promoting Equal Citizenship in Countries comprehensive resource in Transition on the Arab-Israeli IPI continued to develop the Arab Forum for Citizenship conflict over the in Transition (FACT), a regional forum dedicated to last century. promoting the rights of women as equal citizens in Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, and Yemen. FACT commissioned eight research projects in 2014, addressing gender equality and constitutions; perception and practice of citizenship; and women’s political participation and voting patterns. The forum held nine workshops in Tunisia, Egypt, and 08 International Peace Institute 2014 Annual Report Photos: 1. Sheikh Abdullah Bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the United Arab Emirates, and Yasser Abed Rabbo, member of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) Executive Committee 2. Marwan Muasher, Author of The Second Arab Awakening and the Battle for Pluralism 3. Nour Nahas, Board Member of the Lebanese Children’s Council, at an IPI event on young people’s participation in peacebuilding 4. Meeting on “Lessons from the Past, Visions for the Future: The Middle East after 1914” at IPI’s regional office for the Middle East and North Africa in Manama, Bahrain 5. Youssef Mahmoud, IPI Senior Adviser

Yemen. Libya has proved to be the most challenging conflict. The outcomes of the workshops and network country for FACT’s progress due to persistent turmoil. of experts will be used to inform a 2015 IPI task force aimed at observing, monitoring, and analyzing the Deepening Understandings of World War I’s development of violent extremist movements in the Effect on the Modern Middle East greater Middle East. This will also examine cross One hundred years after the onset of World War I, IPI regional, community-based initiatives trying to counter brought together senior government officials, diplomats, these movements’ impact and influence, particularly and academics to discuss the legacies of the four-year through the use of social media. conflict and its impact on the Middle East. Under the rubric “Lessons from the Past, Visions for the Future: Searching for Peace in the The Middle East After 1914,” participants examined the Arab-Israeli Conflict effects of the 1916 Sykes-Picot Agreement and the San With Oxford University Press, IPI published The Search Remo Conference of 1920 on the Middle East of today. for Peace in the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Compendium The discussions, which took place in IPI’s regional office of Documents and Analysis, edited by Terje Rød-Larsen, for the Middle East and North Africa in Manama, Bahrain, Nur Laiq, and Fabrice Aidan. This volume provides an as well as in Cairo, Egypt, highlighted competing narra authoritative, annotated overview of attempts to make tives about the early twentieth-century Middle East that peace in the region, including all relevant documents continue to serve as a burden; the history of state-society related to the Arab-Israeli conflict over the past century relations and governance in the Arab world; and prece- since the Sykes-Picot Agreement of 1916 and a full set dents for cooperation across the region. The project of accompanying maps specially made for this edition. aimed to identify new prospects for regional coopera- The documentation shows that many brave attempts tion and integration in the wider Middle East. have been made over the decades to bring an end to the conflicts in the Middle East. It serves not only as a Responding to Religious Political Movements comprehensive record and reference tool for students The 2014 “Religious Political Movements” event series and scholars but also as a companion for policymakers served as a means to identify new trends in the conver- seeking to learn from the past to improve the chance of gence of religion and politics, particularly in areas of success, step by step, on the path to peace. 09 3

THE BRIAN URQUHART Center for Peace Operations

Learning from the Past and Innovating for the Future The most prominent UN policy reform initiative of recent years began in 2014 when the secretary-general initiated an independent review of UN peace operations. IPI Senior Adviser Youssef Mahmoud serves as a member of the high-level review panel, and IPI’s Brian Urquhart Center for Peace Operations began working with the UN Secretariat and the Center on International Cooperation to support the panel’s work through a com- bination of research, analysis, and events for panel mem- 2 bers. IPI will continue to organize issue-specific briefings and consultations with regional experts until the end of Photos: 1. Participants at IPI’s Second Annual Ministerial Working Dinner on UN Peacekeeping Operations 2. Lamii Moivi Kromah, Research Fellow in IPI’s the panel’s mandate in 2015. Center for Peace Operations 3. Edmond Mulet, Assistant Secretary-General, UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations 4. IPI Meeting on Critical Conversations IPI also launched a three-year project on the policy and in Peacekeeping 5. Harriette Williams Bright, Advocacy Director at Femmes practice of new and emerging issues in peace operations. Africa Solidarité How do new technologies like unmanned aerial vehicles, or drones, affect UN peacekeeping? How can peacekeep- ers be effective in new operational environments? These are just some of the questions being explored by the project, which will examine a variety of pressing issues in a series of semiannual meetings among policymakers, practitioners, and experts. Enhancing the Quality and Quantity of Peacekeeping Contributions What kind of financial incentives can help states to 10 International Peace Institute 2014 Annual Report contribute—and contribute more effectively—to UN 5

IPI consolidated its growing port folio of peacekeeping and peacebuilding work in 2014 to form the Brian Urquhart Center for Peace Operations. The new center continues IPI’s robust coopera tion with the United Nations and other key stakeholders to improve the effectiveness of UN peace operations.

peacekeeping? This was the question addressed in Convening for Peacebuilding one of the reports published by IPI’s Providing for As the crisis in the Central African Republic escalated Peacekeeping project in 2014. Carried out in partner- in 2014, IPI worked to galvanize the international com- ship with George Washington University, the project munity into action and bring the insights of Central seeks to improve the quality and increase the quantity Africans to decision makers in New York and beyond. of UN peacekeeping troop and police contributions. In a series of public and private events, the Institute A second report explored how the UN can deploy its fostered dialogue among key stakeholders, including peace operations more quickly, and a third examined Central African religious leaders, the UN Peacebuilding the legal implications of the UN’s first overtly offensive Support Office, the UN Development Programme, and combat force in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. the UN’s humanitarian coordinator. The Institute also continued to work closely with the UN Peacebuilding At the fifth regional roundtable in IPI’s Being a Support Office and Peacebuilding Commission to pro- Peacekeeper Series, several states in the Western mote discourse on the broader implementation chal- Balkans offered to increase future troop and police lenges facing the UN peacebuilding architecture. pledges to UN peacekeeping operations. IPI worked closely with the UN Office in Belgrade, Serbia, and In partnership with the Folke Bernadotte Academy, the South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse SecDev Foundation, and ZIF, IPI began a new event for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons to series focusing on how peacebuilders can adapt to the advance this region’s cooperation for peacekeeping. challenges of the twenty-first century. As part of the ongoing International Expert Forum—a global gather- In parallel, IPI completed an initiative with the German ing of leading academics, experts, and policymakers Center for International Peace Operations (ZIF) and the focused on the next generation of peace and security EU’s Institute for Security Studies to improve the part- threats—participants explored peacebuilding at the nership between the European Union and the United nexus of organized crime, conflict, and extremism at Nations in peace operations. Seminars in New York, a seminar in New York. Three additional seminars will Rome, Berlin, and Brussels explored different elements feed into IPI’s research in 2015, addressing peacebuild- of the existing partnership, examined practical lessons ing in cities; governance and the social contract; and for cooperation on the ground, and offered recommen- climate change and peacebuilding. dations for strengthening cooperation in the future. 11 Beyond its regional programs and Center for Peace Operations, IPI carried out a number of thematic projects and training initiatives in 2014 focusing on conflict prevention and mediation, multilateral affairs, transnational challenges, and tools for promoting peace.

Designing Strategies to Prevent Empowering Women in Peace Processes Mass Atrocities In 2014, IPI investigated the impact of women’s partici- How can the United Nations improve its capacity to pation in peace processes and explored strategies for prevent mass atrocities such as genocide, ethnic cleans- realizing inclusive and lasting peace. As part of its ing, and crimes against humanity? This question is at Women, Peace, and Security event series, the Institute the heart of a new IPI project in collaboration with the hosted Nobel laureate Leymah Gbowee for a candid Asia-Pacific Centre for the Responsibility to Protect. In conversation on women’s roles in peacemaking. A pol- 2014, initial research and a roundtable event explored icy forum in partnership with the International Civil why atrocity prevention so often fails, and a report on Society Action Network examined barriers to women’s this subject will be released in 2015. IPI researchers will involvement in peace negotiations from the perspective then turn to developing practical steps for improved of women and men in conflict-affected societies. A prevention, in preparation for an edited volume that closed-door roundtable event with mediators and medi- will outline a potential atrocity-prevention strategy ation support actors identified opportunities and obsta- for the United Nations. cles from the perspectives of those facilitating peace at the highest levels. As the United Nations launched its Strengthening Mediation in the Middle East global review of the women, peace, and security agenda and Mediterranean and IPI’s Senior Adviser Youssef Mahmoud joined the As the United Nations continued its preventive diplo- High-Level Advisory Group for the study, the Institute macy amid crises in Libya and Yemen in 2014, IPI’s also organized a private exchange among the group Lessons from Mediation project published case studies members and IPI researchers to re-imagine peacemak- examining UN mediation efforts in each of these coun- ing in the twenty-first century through a gendered lens. tries. The project explores what works and what does The project’s research and recommendations will be not in UN mediation around the world, and makes les- published in 2015. A video outlining the dilemma of sons available to policymakers, third-party mediators, women’s participation in peace processes can be viewed and a broader audience interested in resolving conflicts. by scanning the QR code below. Since 2012, IPI has also supported the joint initiative of the governments of Morocco and Spain on Mediation in the Mediterranean Region, aimed at promoting the Video: practice of mediation at the regional, national, and local Time to Re-Set the Peace Table levels. In 2014, IPI provided substantive advice in support of the third meeting in the series, in Slovenia, focusing on fostering a culture of mediation and prevention.

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Shedding Light on the Evolving Role of Photos: 1. Participants at IPI’s 2014 Advanced Course in Negotiation and the UN Security Council Conflict Resolution 2. Adam Lupel, IPI’s Director of Research and Publications 3. Roméo Dallaire, Former Force Commander of the UN Assistance Mission IPI’s edited volume The UN Security Council: From the for Rwanda and Founder of the Roméo Dallaire Child Soldiers Initiative Cold War to the 21st Century published in 2004 has 4. Amina Mohammed, Special Advisor to the Secretary-General on Post-2015 Development Planning 5. Panelists at an IPI discussion of the role and influence become an important reference tool about the UN of small states in multilateral arenas Security Council. Ten years later, IPI has engaged forty- eight authors and experts to produce a sequel on the Security Council in the twenty-first century, which will be published in 2015. In 2014, IPI also provided integral support to the fifth UN Security Council Istanbul Retreat, organized by the government of Turkey, which focused on potential avenues for enhanced cooperation between the Security Council and regional organizations on issues concerning international peace and security, including conflict prevention, peace operations, counterterrorism, and humanitarian crises. 3 Improving the Efficacy of Sanctions United Nations sanctions are an important tool for reinforcing international norms, including nonprolif- eration of weapons of mass destruction. However, a wide gap exists between the technical texts of UN sanctions resolutions on Iran and North Korea and the actionable information needed by those responsible for implementing sanctions along international borders. To bridge these gaps, IPI issued two publications in 2014: “United Nations Sanctions on Iran and North Korea: An Implementation Manual” and “Sanctions 4 Implementation and the UN Security Council: The Case for Greater Transparency.” The project was a joint effort of IPI, Security Council Report, and Compliance and Capacity International. IPI also published an analysis of the UN Security Council’s current approach to drawing down sanctions in intrastate war situations, which contributes to the development of a new set of best practices for the 5 efficient termination of multilateral sanctions.

13 Bolstering Peace and Health 1 In 2014, thanks to a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, IPI continued its work on peace and health with a special focus on polio eradication in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nigeria, and Somalia. IPI’s Vienna office is coordinating fieldwork in the respec- tive countries, identifying and analyzing barriers to polio eradication, and developing and updating strategies on how to overcome these barriers. With the outbreak of the Ebola virus, IPI is also looking at how to improve international coordination to better prepare and respond to pandemics. Tackling Transnational Organized Crime Since the end of the Cold War, organized crime has moved from being a marginal problem in a few cities and regions to being a mainstream threat to national stability and international peace and security. While the threat has become transnational, the multilateral response has not kept pace. In 2014, IPI’s Vienna office produced the third in a trilogy of publications as part of its Peace without Crime project: “From the Margins to the Mainstream: Toward an Integrated Multilateral Response to Organized Crime.” The publication sug- gests concrete steps for enhancing the international response to illicit trafficking and other activities of 2 organized criminal groups. Supporting Small States at the Photos: 1. Adama Dieng, Under-Secretary-General and Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on the Prevention of Genocide 2. IPI’s Vienna office staff with United Nations IPI President Terje Rød-Larsen: Andrea Pfanzelter, Maximilian Meduna, Kathrin Small states make up the majority of UN member states, Kaisinger, Indira Abeldinova, Johanna Borstner, Terje Rød-Larsen, Walter Kemp, and Michael Sarnitz 3. IPI’s ninteenth annual New York Seminar on “Organized Crime and they are among the strongest advocates for the rules- and Conflict in the Sahel-Maghreb” 4. Helen Clark, Administrator of the United based multilateral system. Yet many of these states face Nations Development Programme (UNDP) challenges in advancing their interests at the United Nations. IPI’s policy report “Small States at the United Nations: Diverse Perspectives, Shared Opportunities,” launched in 2014, identifies opportunities for strategic cooperation among small states and offers practical recommendations for addressing their shared challenges.

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The report draws on the insights and ideas of fifty-four small states’ diplomatic missions to the UN, collected through interviews and ambassadorial roundtables. It was the culmination of a research project in partnership with the Permanent Mission of New Zealand to 4 the UN.

Informing Humanitarian Action in-depth information on inter-religious and intercul- In 2014, IPI’s Humanitarian Affairs program provided tural activities across the globe. critical thinking and reflection in the lead-up to the Training Policy Professionals for a 2016 Humanitarian Summit by encouraging research Changing World and dialogue on two themes: humanitarian principles in a changing world and humanitarian action in situa- Diplomats from Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas tions of conflict. Through its Humanitarian Affairs event gained new skills for meeting the challenges of today’s series, the Institute offered a platform to discuss timely changing security environment at IPI’s third annual issues and specific crises in depth. Topics included the Advanced Course in Negotiation and Conflict humanitarian crises in Mali and the Central African Resolution. The Institute’s nineteenth annual New Republic; the humanitarian crisis in and around Syria; York Seminar deepened its forty participants’ expertise the Nansen Initiative on natural disasters and displace- on the nexus of transnational organized crime and vio- ment; child soldiers; and humanitarian law and the lent extremism, focusing on the Sahel-Maghreb region. protection of civilians. IPI also organized a roundta- Ten scholars from eight African countries joined IPI’s ble in partnership with the International Committee 2014 African Junior Professionals Fellowship program of the Red Cross and the Harvard Kennedy School for a one-month academic and training program in focused on the refugee crisis emanating from Syria. the UN community in New York. Since 2008, IPI has Promoting Inter-Religious Dialogue teamed up with King’s College London to prepare emerging African leaders for Africa-focused and glob- In 2014, IPI continued to cooperate closely with the ally informed careers on their continent. King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz International Centre for Interreligious and Intercultural Dialogue (KAICIID), Driving Policy Forward with Data which opened its headquarters in Vienna in 2013. IPI IPI’s Data Lab was launched in 2013 with the aim of Vienna has worked with KAICIID to strengthen its leveraging data science into IPI’s policy research. relations with the United Nations and relevant regional Using techniques such as data mining, visualization, organizations; raise the profile of KAICIID within the and machine learning, the Data Lab helps drive new international community; and promote KAICIID’s insights on how multilateral and local actors can objectives of fostering a culture of peace. In particular, approach complex crises and vulnerabilities related IPI is working with KAICIID on the Peace Mapping to the lack of peace, security, stability, development, project, a tool and research environment that combines and health. a wide variety of complex datasets of worldwide conflict trends and vulnerability indicators with

15 Where We Work

NEW YORK Headquarters

VIENNA Europe & Central Asia NEW YORK Headquarters MANAMA Middle East & North Africa

• Research on Africa, the Middle East, conflict prevention, peacebuilding, and women, peace, and security • New Brian Urquhart Center for Peace Operations • Secretariat for the Independent Commission on Multilateralism • More than 100 meetings held in 2014 • Training for diplomats and emerging African leaders

16 International Peace Institute 2014 Annual Report • Research on Europe and Central Asia, peace and health, transnational organized crime, and energy and security • Peace Mapping project for inter-religious dialogue • “Breaking the Ice” on frozen conflicts • Symposium on “1814, 1914, 2014: Lessons from the Past, VIENNA Visions for the Future” Europe & Central Asia • Forty-fourth annual Vienna Seminar

MANAMA Middle East & • Fourth annual Jakarta North Africa International Defense Dialogue on maritime security • Expert seminar in Singapore • Expert-level retreat in Amman on Cities Under Stress: on humanitarian assistance for Building Urban Resilience Syrian refugees • Strategic advice for regional • Fifth UN Security Council cooperation in Central Asia Istanbul Retreat • Arab Forum for Citizenship in Transition in Egypt, Libya, • Regional meetings in Dakar and Tunisia, and Yemen Addis Ababa on Leveraging Local • Dialogue on state-society Knowledge for Peacebuilding and relations and religious political Statebuilding in Africa movements • Field research in Mali, Niger, and Senegal • Seminar in Rabat on peacebuilding in the Sahel and Maghreb • Roundtable in Accra on Effective and Inclusive Governance

17 Independent Commission on Multilateralism

As the United Nations system approaches its seventieth anniversary, the world is undergoing major transformations at unprecedented speeds, putting great stress on our institutions of global governance. As each day brings new social, political, and economic challenges, many are asking: Is the multilateral system still fit for purpose? In September 2014, the International Peace Institute launched the Independent Commission on Multilateralism (ICM) to address this question. The Commission is composed of an Eminent Persons Council; a Ministerial-Level Board; an Ambassadorial-Level Board; and a Secretariat staffed by IPI. The Commission is chaired by Kevin Rudd, former prime minister of Australia, and co-chaired by Børge Brende, foreign minister of Norway; Patricia Espinosa Cantellano, former foreign minister of Mexico; José Manual Ramos-Horta, former president of Timor Leste; and Hanna Tetteh, foreign minister of Ghana. Its secretary-general is Hardeep Singh Puri, former permanent representative of India to the United Nations. Over the course of a two-year period, the ICM seeks to identify policy proposals that enhance the multilateral system’s ability to respond to existing and evolving global challenges across sixteen issue areas relevant to global security. More information is available at www.ICM2016.org.

18 International Peace Institute 2014 Annual Report 1814, 1914, 2014: Lessons from the Past, Visions for the Future The International Peace Institute examined the interna tional system through the prism of history in 2014, marking the bicentenary of the 1814 Congress of Vienna and the centenary of the 1914 outbreak of World War I. While the leaders of the Congress of Vienna served as architects of a new international system after the Napoleonic wars, the leaders of 1914 have been described as sleepwalkers, stumbling into conflict. IPI explored the question, are today’s leaders architects or sleepwalkers?

Together with the Salzburg Global Seminar, IPI hosted a symposium in Salzburg, Austria, to consider how the lessons of 1814 and 1914 can help the international community deal with emerging threats and reduce the risk of future conflicts. The Institute created a short documentary film on the topic titled Architects and Sleepwalkers, which can be viewed by scanning the QR code below.

In Manama, Bahrain, IPI brought together senior gov ernment officials, diplomats, and academics to discuss the legacies of World War I for the Middle East, examin ing the effects of the 1916 Sykes-Picot Agreement and the 1920 San Remo Conference on the region today.

Documentary film Architects and Sleepwalkers on the past and future of international affairs

19 Publications

BOOKS Le manuel de gestion pour les missions de terrain onusiennes, French translation of The Management Handbook for UN Field Missions, edited by Adam C. Smith and Arthur Boutellis. The Search for Peace in the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Compendium of Documents and Analysis, edited by Terje Rød-Larsen, Nur Laiq, and Fabrice Aidan (Oxford University Press). POLICY PAPERS Engineering Peace: The Critical Role of Engineers in UN Peacekeeping, Arthur Boutellis and Adam C. Smith. United Nations Sanctions on Iran and North Korea: An Implementation Manual, Enrico Carisch and Loraine Rickard-Martin. Terminating Security Council Sanctions, Kristen E. Boon. The Political Economy of UN Peacekeeping: Incentivizing Effective Participation, Katharina P. Coleman. Small States at the United Nations: Diverse Perspectives, Shared Opportunities, Andrea Ó Súilleabháin. Responding to Insecurity in the Gulf of Guinea, Patrice Sartre. From the Margins to the Mainstream: Toward an Integrated Multilateral Response to Organized Crime, Walter Kemp and Mark Shaw.

The Union of South American In Light of the Intellectuals: The Role of Novelists in the Nations MAPPING MULTILATERALISM IN TRANSITION NO. 3 Arab Uprisings, Jose Vericat. SANDRA BORDA MAY 2014

The global architecture of multilat- Regional politics in Latin America today are defined by a variety of trends: eral diplomacy is in transition and a Brazil continues to grow, but its leadership in the region has substantially comprehensive understanding of decreased during the administration of Dilma Rousseff, which began in 2011; the new dynamics, players, and several countries—including Argentina, Bolivia, and Venezuela—have chosen capacities is needed. The Mapping to “Latin-Americanize” their foreign policy, discarding their former Rethinking Peacebuilding: Transforming the UN Multilateralism in Transition series alignments with the United States; left-leaning governments, clearly critical of features short briefing papers on US power in the region, have tried to consolidate organizations such as the established but evolving regional Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America (ALBA) to increase their organizations and select crossre- autonomy vis-à-vis the United States; right and right-center governments gional organizations. The papers have responded by deepening their commercial links with the United States and the European Union (EU) and by organizing the Pacific Alliance, a aim to: (1) identify the key role and traditional arrangement for free-trade and freedom-of-movement; and, Approach, Michael von der Schulenburg. features of the organizations; (2) finally, many countries in the region are adopting—independently of their assess their current dynamics; and ideological and political orientations—increasingly diversified foreign (3) analyze their significance for the policies. At the same time, the presence of extra-regional actors has become overall regional and global geopolit- increasingly visible. ical context. In this context, the region has begun to create multilateral mechanisms that This paper examines the Union of reflect a growing autonomy vis-à-vis the United States. The Union of South South American Nations, a principal American Nations (UNASUR), ALBA, and the Community of Latin South American regional organiza- American and Caribbean States (CELAC) are the principal examples of this Improving United Nations Capacity for Rapid tion composed of Argentina, Bolivia, new breed of multilateral forum that excludes the US and that, especially in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, the case of ALBA, serves as a form of explicit resistance to US influence and Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, power. The emergence of these institutions has been accompanied by the Uruguay, and Venezuela. growing decay and ineffectiveness of the Inter-American system’s institutions. Among them, the Organization of American States (OAS) has been particu- Sandra Borda is an associate larly weakened by the region’s deep ideological divisions and by the decline in professor in the Department of Deployment, H. Peter Langille. US power. The Rio Treaty (TIAR) has, for a long time, lost much of its Political Science at the Universidad relevance. de Los Andes in Bogotá, Colombia. In this context, UNASUR was created under Brazil’s leadership as a The author thanks this project’s mechanism to create and implement regional solutions to regional problems. research assistant, Andres Aponte, However, the need to maintain, above all, national sovereignty and self- for his collaboration. determination, combined with the current political polarization between The views expressed in this publica- right- and left-wing governments, has turned it into a less ambitious and more limited multilateral project. tion represent those of the author Mediating Transition in Yemen: Achievements and and not necessarily those of the International Peace Institute. IPI owes a debt of thanks to its donors who make publications like this one possible. Lessons, Steven A. Zyck. The Intervention Brigade: Legal Issues for the UN in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Scott Sheeran and Stephanie Case. Effective Governance in Challenging Environments, Mireille Affa’a-Mindzie, George Mukundi Wachira, and Lucy Dunderdale. Libya’s Political Transition: The Challenges of Mediation, Peter Bartu.

20 International Peace Institute 2014 Annual Report IPI Online

ISSUE BRIEFS Sanctions Implementation and the UN Security Council: The Case for Greater Transparency, Astrid Forberg Ryan. Mapping Multilateralism in Transition No. 3: The Union The International Peace Institute is constantly innovating its use of of South American Nations, Sandra Borda. communications technology to reach a growing global audience with Mapping Multilateralism in Transition No. 4: East Africa its insights for peace. After the Institute introduced a new responsive and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development, design to its Global Observatory website in 2014, traffic increased by Solomon Dersso. 50 percent, bringing new readers to the site’s timely analyses of international affairs. Mentions of IPI on Twitter were sent to more than 6.3 million MEETING NOTES individuals in 2014. Insecurity in the Gulf of Guinea: Assessing the Threats, Preparing the Response, Mireille Affa’a-Mindzie and IPI’s flagship website, www.ipinst.org, continues to offer in-depth Fiona Blyth. research reports and insights from events for those who cannot attend Security Council Istanbul Retreat: The Security- in person. In 2014, forty-nine IPI events were broadcast live online, and Development Nexus in Conflict Prevention and videos of IPI events were viewed 53,924 times. Resolution in Africa, Mireille Affa’a-Mindzie. Beyond Haiti: Enhancing Latin American Military and Police Contributions to UN Peacekeeping, Bianca Selway. Peacebuilding and Postconflict Recovery: What Visits to IPI’s websites have doubled since 2011 Works and What Does Not? Robert Muggah and Christian Altpeter. (in thousands)

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0 Events

IPI facilitates dialogue on a wide range of issues in peace, security, and development through its events and meetings. The Institute’s onsite conference facility, the Trygve Lie Center for Peace, Security & Development, provides a unique venue for frank discussions across the street from UN headquarters in New York. Since opening additional offices in Vienna and Manama in 2010 and 2013, IPI has enhanced its convening power in Europe and the Middle East. The Institute also continues to organize a variety of meetings on challenges and opportunities for peace, security, and development in Africa, Asia, and beyond. In 2014, IPI hosted more than 120 events on four continents, a selection of which are outlined below.

Ministerial Meetings High-Level Meetings Building Peace and Development in Working Together for Peace: UN How to Scale up Geothermal Power in the Sahel and Maghreb: The Role of Security Council and Regional the Developing World: The Cooperation Women, Youth, and the Elders Organizations between Iceland and the World Bank Rabat, Morocco Co-organized with the government Featuring Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, Effective Governance in Challenging of Turkey President of Iceland Environments Sixth informal ministerial dinner in The Role of the OIC Today: Accra, Ghana Luxembourg on the Middle East Challenges and Opportunities Leveraging Local Knowledge for Co-organized with Foreign Minister Featuring Iyad Madani, Secretary Peacebuilding and Statebuilding Jean Asselborn of Luxembourg and General of the Organisation of in Africa Foreign Minister Sheikh Abdullah Islamic Cooperation Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Bin Zayed Al Nahyan of the United The New Security Reality in Europe Being a Peacekeeper: Enhancing the Arab Emirates Featuring Toomas Hendrik Ilves, Participation of the Western Balkan Ninth informal ministerial working President of the Republic of Estonia Countries in UN Peacekeeping dinner on the Middle East Operations International Events Co-organized with the foreign Belgrade, Serbia ministers of Luxembourg and Middle East in Transition: Catalysts EU-UN Partnerships in Crisis United Arab Emirates for Regional and International Management and Peace Operations: Contemporary Conflict and UN Cooperation in Humanitarian Affairs Best Practices and Next Steps Peacekeeping: A High-Level and Development Rome, Italy Amman, Jordan Dialogue on the Way Forward for UN Geneva Launch of the Independent Peacekeeping Operations Meeting of IPI’s Energy and Security Commission on Multilateralism Co-organized with Foreign Minister Task Force Geneva, Switzerland Erkki Tuomioja of Finland and Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Foreign Minister Luis Almagro Cities under Stress: Building Urban Trainings of Uruguay Resilience Weapons of Mass Destruction Seventh Annual Trygve Lie Singapore Sanctions Implementation Symposium on Fundamental Leveraging Local Knowledge for Nineteenth Annual New York Freedoms: Human Rights up Front— Peacebuilding and Statebuilding Seminar: Organized Crime and Preventing Human Rights Crises in Africa Conflict in the Sahel-Maghreb— Worldwide Dakar, Senegal Understanding the Linkages, Featuring Børge Brende, Foreign Nagorno-Karabakh: New Approaches Responding to the Threat Minister of Norway after Twenty Years? Advanced Course in Negotiation and Bern, Switzerland Conflict Resolution

22 International Peace Institute 2014 Annual Report Photos: 1. Participants of IPI’s 2014 African Junior Professionals Fellowship Program 2. Yun Byung-se, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Korea 3. Derek Plumbly, then UN Special Coordinator for Lebanon 4. Mary Anne Feeney, IPI’s Director of Events

African Junior Professionals Fellowship Twenty Years after the Genocide: Effective Governance in Challenging Program What are the Lessons Learned from Environments Rwanda? Policy Fora Expert Roundtable Discussions, Launch of the Guiding Principles on Workshops, and Conferences Accountability in Syria Young People’s Participation in Peacemaking in South Sudan: Lessons Peacebuilding Promoviendo la participación de Learned, Opportunities, and Challenges América Latina en el mantenimiento Protecting Journalists in Times of de la paz de las Naciones Unidas Children and Armed Conflict: A Unrest and Conflict Discussion on Security Sector Security Council–Mandated Voices from South Sudan: Perspectives Benchmarks in the Context of UN Preparedness for Prevention and from Civil Society on a Way Forward Response in the Field Mission Transitions The International Criminal Court Code of Conduct for the Use of the Veto Integrating a Gender Perspective in and Africa Crisis Management and Peacekeeping: Cities under Stress: Building Urban Recent Experiences and Future Small States at the United Nations: Resilience Challenges Diverse Perspectives, Shared Opportunities Roundtable Discussion on UN Restoring Peace in the Central Peacekeeping African Republic: The Role of Faith Protecting Civilians in Peace Featuring Ine Eriksen Søreide, Leaders Operations: Best Practices and Minister of Defense of Norway Emerging Issues Launch of Africa’s Peacemakers: Meeting with Experts on Sectarianism Nobel Laureates of African Descent, Critical Conversations on and Radicalization in the Middle East Peacekeeping and Peacebuilding edited by Adekeye Adebajo Leadership Orientation Workshop The Conflict, Disaster, and Relapse into Conflict: The Central on the Role of the Chairs of PBC Displacement Nexus: Implications African Republic and the Future of Country Configurations UN Peacebuilding for Protection and Resilience in the Preventing Mass Atrocities: Why We Horn of Africa EU-UN Partnership in Peace Fail and What Can Be Done about It Middle Income Country Series: Operations: Lessons Learned and the Way Forward Leading the Way toward Peace: A International Development—Ideas, Conversation with Syrian Women Experience, and Prospects Engaging Young People on Democracy Seminar on Technology and Building Peace and Development in Innovation in Peacekeeping the Sahel and Maghreb: Enhancing Is Humanitarian Law Still Fit for Women and Youth Political Purpose? Implications for Protection Participation and Humanitarian Effectiveness

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Asymmetric Threats/Nonstate actors: The Protection of Civilians in Distinguished Author Series A Conversation with Troop Contributors South Sudan Gary Bass, author of The Blood to UN Peacekeeping Operations in Featuring Hilde Johnson, Special Telegram: Nixon, Kissinger, and a the Middle East Representative of the Secretary- Forgotten Genocide International Expert Forum, Twenty- General for South Sudan Marwan Muasher, author of The First-Century Peacebuilding: A Speaker Series Second Arab Awakening and the Seminar on Building Peace at the The Korean Peninsula and Peaceful Battle for Pluralism Nexus of Organized Crime, Conflict, Angela E. Stent, author of The Limits and Extremism Reunification Diplomacy Featuring Yun Byung-se, Minister of Partnership: U.S.-Russian Leveraging Local Knowledge for of Foreign Affairs of the Republic Relations in the Twenty-First Century Peacebuilding and Statebuilding of Korea Shadi Hamid, author of Temptations in Africa Challenges in the Middle East: The of Power: Islamists and Illiberal Developing Innovative Approaches to Palestinian-Israeli Peace Process Democracy the Needs of Refugees from Syria and Syria Seyed Hossein Mousavian, author Size and Influence: How Small Featuring José Manuel Garcia- of Iran and the United States: An States Influence Policymaking in Margallo, Minister of Foreign Affairs Insider’s View on the Failed Past and Multilateral Arenas and Cooperation of Spain the Road to Peace SRSG Series Human Rights in Ukraine: A discus- Howard W. French, author of China’s Second Continent: How a Million Lebanon Today: The Impact of the sion on the findings of the latest Migrants Are Building a New Empire Syrian Crisis report of the UN Human Rights Featuring Derek Plumbly, United Monitoring Mission in Ukraine in Africa Nations Special Coordinator Featuring Ivan Šimonović, United Nazila Fathi, author of The Lonely for Lebanon Nations Assistant Secretary-General War: One Woman’s Account of the for Human Rights Struggle for Modern Iran Mali One Year Later: Building an Enduring Peace through Stabilization, The African Union: Democracy, Humanitarian Affairs Series Reform, and Development Elections, and Governance Featuring Aisha Laraba Abdullahi, Syria: Beyond the Refugee Crisis Featuring David Gressly, Deputy Featuring Amin Awad, Director of Special Representative of the African Union Commissioner for Political Affairs the Middle East and North Africa Secretary-General in Mali Bureau of the UN High International Order: Theory Recent Developments in Myanmar Commissioner for Refugees Featuring Vijay Nambiar, Special and Practice Adviser to the Secretary-General Featuring Vaira Vīķ-Freiberga, on Myanmar President of the Club of Madrid and former President of Latvia

24 International Peace Institute 2014 Annual Report Photos: 1. Ameerah Haq, then Under-Secretary-General, UN Department of Field Support 2. José Manuel García-Margallo, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Spain 3. IPI Roundtable on Preventing Mass Atrocities: Why We Fail, and What Can Be Done About It 4. International Expert Forum on “Building Peace at the Nexus of Organized Crime, Conflict, and Extremism” 5. Nazila Fathi, author of The Lonely War: One Woman’s Account of the Struggle for Modern Iran, at an IPI Distinguished Author Series event

The Central African Republic: A Re-Imagining Peacemaking: Inclusive 1814, 1914, 2014: Lessons from the Forgotten Crisis under the Spotlight Peace Processes in Practice Past, Visions for the Future Featuring Abdou Dieng, former Re-Imagining Women, Peace, and Schloss Leopoldskron, Salzburg Senior Humanitarian Coordinator Security: Inclusive Peace in a Religious Political Movements: for the Central African Republic Changed Global Environment The Muslim Brotherhood Protection Challenges in Current Special Events The Islamic State: A Roundtable Conflict Situations Discussion Featuring Volker Türk, Director of IPI’s Third Annual Retreat: Building Resilience to Risk and Insecurity A New Generation of Peace International Protection for the UN Operations? New Challenges and High Commissioner for Refugees Retreat of the UN Secretary-General’s Opportunities for the OSCE in a The Security Council and the High-Level Independent Panel on Changing Security Environment Peace Operations Protection of Civilians in Armed Enhancing Women’s Share in Peace Conflict: Reflections and the Sigh of Relief Party: A Reception on and Security Way Forward the Occasion of the 69th General Assembly On the Front Lines of Peace: Women, Peace & Security Series Monitoring and De-escalating the Inaugural Event of IPI’s 777 Club: Discussion with Leymah Gbowee, Crisis in Ukraine A series of informal receptions for Featuring Ertuğrul Apakan, Chief 2011 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate and members of the United Nations and Founder and President of the Gbowee Monitor of the OSCE Special wider diplomatic community in Monitoring Mission to Ukraine Peace Foundation Africa New York Inclusive Peacemaking: Challenges Vienna Launch of the Independent and Opportunities Vienna Office Events Commission on Multilateralism Combatting Sexual- and Gender- Forty-Fourth Annual Vienna Seminar: Regional Office for the Middle Based Violence in Postconflict and War and Peace in a Digital Age East and North Africa Events Crisis Contexts Rules for Control of Use of Force for Opening Reception of the International Women and Forced Migration: A Private Security Companies Peace Institute’s Middle East Regional Workshop in Advance of the 2014 Enhancing Partnership through the Office Open Debate on Women, Peace, Helsinki +40 Process Lessons from the Past, Visions for the and Security Resolving the Crisis in and around Future: The Middle East After 1914 Women and Forced Migration: Ukraine Religious Political Movements: Challenges and Responses to Featuring Andriy Deshchytsia, Acting Islamism in the West Unprecedented Displacement Foreign Minister of Ukraine Religious Political Movements: Hizbullah

25 Statements of Financial Position

December 31, 2014 and 2013

2014 2013 ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,575,217 $ 1,515,136 Unconditional promises to give Unrestricted 2,030,236 523,688 Restricted to future programs and periods 6,038,809 4,927,818 Accounts and other receivables 43,601 41,381 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 74,496 72,550 Investments 3,102,803 6,175,501 Property and equipment, at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization 3,367,461 2,899,545 Security deposits 132,477 120,472 Total Assets $16,365,100 $16,276,091 LIABILITIES AND NET ASSETS Liabilities Accounts payable and accrued liabilities $ 486,019 $ 404,405 Net Assets Unrestricted 8,439,138 8,146,354 Temporarily restricted 6,582,276 6,867,665 Permanently restricted 857,667 857,667 Total Net Assets 15,879,081 15,871,686 Total Liabilities and Net Assets $16,365,100 $16,276,091

2014 EXPENSE RATIOS

86.4% Program Services 7.5% General & Administrative 6.1% Fundraising

26 International Peace Institute 2014 Annual Report Statements of Activities

Years Ended December 31, 2014 and 2013

2014 2013 CHANGES IN UNRESTRICTED NET ASSETS Revenue, Gains, and Support Contributions $ 8,193,285 $ 5,171,688 Donated services and materials 46,887 104,017 Investment income 12,153 19,226 Gain (loss) on foreign currency exchange (51,141) 35,201 Miscellaneous income 24,499 30,978 8,225,683 5,361,110 Net assets released from restrictions Satisfaction of time and program restrictions 3,894,112 1,192,370 Total Revenue, Gains and Support 12,119,795 6,553,480 Expenses Program Services 10,218,653 8,322,502 Supporting Services General and administrative 882,634 894,791 Fundraising 725,724 696,724 Total Supporting Services 1,608,358 1,591,515 Total Expenses 11,827,011 9,914,017 Increase (decrease) in unrestricted net assets 292,784 (3,360,537) CHANGES IN TEMPORARILY RESTRICTED NET ASSETS Contributions 3,608,723 3,661,596 Net assets released from restrictions (3,894,112) (1,192,370) Increase (decrease) in temporarily restricted net assets (285,389) 2,469,226 Increase (decrease) in net assets 7,395 (891,311) Net assets, beginning of year 15,871,686 16,762,997 Net Assets, End of Year $15,879,081 $15,871,686 Audited financial statements prepared on accrual basis; complete statements and notes available at www.ipinst.org.

27 Who We Are

BOARD OF DIRECTORS Ibrahim Gambari Jean Marc Hoscheit Chancellor, Kwara State University, Permanent Representative of Luxembourg Ban Ki-moon, Honorary Chair Abuja, Nigeria to the United Nations Office in Geneva Secretary-General, United Nations Claude Heller Yerzhan Kh. Kazykhanov Rita E. Hauser, Esquire, Chair Ambassador of Mexico to Japan Ambassador of Kazakhstan to the President, The Hauser Foundation Sylvie Lucas United Kingdom Mortimer B. Zuckerman, Vice-Chair, Permanent Representative of Maria-Pia Kothbauer, Secretary, and Treasurer Luxembourg to the United Nations Princess of Liechtenstein Chairman of the Board, Ambassador of Liechtenstein to Austria Boston Properties Thomas Mayr-Harting Chairman and Editor-in-Chief, Head of the Delegation of the Richard Kühnel US News & World Report European Union to the United Nations Head of Representation, European Commission in Germany Kevin Rudd, Vice-Chair Olara A. Otunnu Former Prime Minister and President, LBL Foundation for Children Johannes Kyrle Labor Party Leader, Australia Geir O. Pedersen Former Secretary-General, Austrian Federal Ministry for European and Richard P. Brown, Jr. Permanent Representative of Norway International Affairs Counsel, Morgan, Lewis & Bockius to the United Nations Michael W. Doyle Ghassan Salamé Katja Pehrman Harold Brown Professor of International Dean, Paris School of International Affairs Permanent Representative of Finland Affairs, Law & Political Science, at Sciences Po, and Joint Professor at to the OSCE Columbia University Columbia University Liselotte Plesner Whitney MacMillan Brian E. Urquhart Ambassador of Denmark to Austria Chairman Emeritus, Cargill, Inc. Former Under-Secretary-General for Christian Strohal Special Political Affairs, United Nations Ann Phillips Permanent Representative of Austria Member of the Board, Karel Jan Gustaaf van Oosterom to the OSCE World Policy Institute Permanent Representative of the Alexa L. Wesner Member of the Advisory Board, Council Netherlands to the United Nations Ambassador of the United States of on Global Initiatives of the New School Christian Wenaweser America to Austria James P. Rubin Permanent Representative of Hubert Wurth Visiting Scholar, Rothermere American Liechtenstein to the United Nations Ambassador of Luxembourg to Austria Institute, Oxford University VIENNA ADVISORY COUNCIL Kandeh Yumkella Brigitte Wertheimer Chair of UN Energy President, Project Peace by Tourism Mohammed A. Al-Salloum CEO of Sustainable Energy for All Terje Rød-Larsen Ambassador of Saudi Arabia to Austria President, International Peace Institute Bente Angell-Hansen STAFF Ambassador of Norway to Austria Indira Abeldinova, Policy Analyst INTERNATIONAL Gertraud Auer Borea d’Olmo Beatrice Agyarkoh, Events Coordinator ADVISORY COUNCIL Secretary-General, Bruno Kreisky Forum Waleed Alhariri, Research Assistant for International Dialogue Prince Turki Al-Faisal Robert Artuz, Accountant Chairman, King Faisal Center for Erhard Busek Research and Islamic Studies Former Vice Chancellor of Austria Johanna Borstner, Office and Events Manager, Vienna Office Prince Zeid Ra’ad Zeid Al-Hussein Nils Gustav Daag UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Ambassador of Sweden to Austria Mary Anne Feeney, Director of Events Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Yury Viktorovich Fedotov Mohammad Saleem Hashim, Office Minister for Foreign Affairs, Director General, United Nations Office Manager, Middle East and North Africa United Arab Emirates in Vienna; Executive Director, United Nations Regional Office Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim bin Jabr Al-Thani Office on Drugs and Crime Zelia Herrera, Director of Human Resources Former Prime Minister and Benita Ferrero-Waldner Kathrin Kaisinger, Office and Events Foreign Minister, State of Qatar Former European Commissioner for Assistant, Vienna Office Marc Perrin de Brichambaut External Relations and European Walter Kemp, Senior Director for Europe Former Secretary-General, Organization Neighbourhood and Central Asia for Security and Co-operation in Europe Thomas Greminger Lamii Moivi Kromah, Research Fellow Vitaly Churkin Permanent Representative of Switzerland Adam Lupel, Director of Research and Permanent Representative of Russia to the United Nations Office in Vienna Publications to the United Nations and the OSCE

28 International Peace Institute 2014 Annual Report Marisa McCrone, Assistant Production Editor Maximilian Meduna, Policy Analyst Jilla Moazami, Executive Assistant to the President Amanda Murchison, Administrative Assistant Thong Nguyen, Program Administrator Donors Omar El Okdah, Senior Policy Analyst Marie O’Reilly, Editor and Research Fellow The International Peace Institute extends special gratitude Andrea Ó Súilleabháin, Senior Policy Analyst to its donors, whose partnership and generosity make IPI’s Andres Peña Paz, Facilities Assistant work on international peace and security possible. Andrea Pfanzelter, Senior Director of Vienna Office and Resource Development In 2014, IPI worked to deepen existing partnerships and Hardeep Singh Puri, Secretary-General of the develop new strategic partnerships to further strengthen Independent Commission on Multilateralism the Institute’s financial base. and IPI Vice President Maureen Quinn, Senior Director of Programs Camilla Reksten-Monsen, Special Assistant to IPI wishes to recognize the following the President major donors in 2014: Apolinar Reynoso, Information Technology Administrator GOVERNMENTS AND MULTILATERAL ORGANIZATIONS Terje Rød-Larsen, President Annie Schmidt, Data and Design Coordinator African Union King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz Adam Smith, Senior Fellow and Director of the Commission International Centre for Brian Urquhart Center for Peace Operations Australia Interreligious and Intercultural Michael Snyder, Research Assistant Austria Dialogue (KAICIID) Ramy Srour, Assistant Web Editor Bahrain Liechtenstein Jill Stoddard, Director of Web & Multimedia Canada Luxembourg and Web Editor Denmark Mongolia Taimi Strehlow, Program Administrator Finland Netherlands Ana Tangarife, Facilities Manager France New Zealand Dianna Tavarez, Financial and Administrative Indonesia Norway Assistant International Organisation Sweden Marvin Eliza Trujillo, Events Administrator of La Francophonie Switzerland Allison White, Development Officer Italy Thailand Margaret Williams, Policy Analyst Kazakhstan Turkey David Witt, Senior Director of Operations United Arab Emirates United States of America ADVISERS Alex Bellamy, Non-resident Senior Adviser Arthur Boutellis, Non-resident Adviser CORPORATIONS, FOUNDATIONS, AND INDIVIDUALS Craig Charney, Non-resident Senior Adviser Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Mona Christophersen, Senior Adviser Carnegie Corporation of New York Pamela Corn, Adviser for Development The Hauser Foundation John L. Hirsch, Senior Adviser WEM Foundation Warren Hoge, Senior Adviser for Mortimer B. Zuckerman External Relations Emmanuel Letouzé, Non-resident Adviser Youssef Mahmoud, Senior Adviser Francesco Mancini, Non-resident Senior Adviser Michael Sarnitz, Adviser Jose Vericat, Adviser Paul Williams, Non-resident Senior Adviser

(Reflects IPI board, advisory councils, staff, and advisers as of December 31, 2014) International Peace Institute

2014 ANNUAL REPORT

New York Vienna Manama Headquarters Europe & Central Asia Middle East & North Africa 777 United Nations Plaza Freyung 3 51-52 Harbour House New York, NY 10017-3521 1010 Vienna Bahrain Financial Harbour United States Austria P.O. Box 1467 Tel: +1-212-687-4300 Tel: +43-1-533-8881 Manama, Bahrain Fax: +1-212-983-8246 Fax: +43-1-533-8881-11 Tel: +973-1721-1344

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