E2813 V18 REV
Public Disclosure Authorized Technical Renovation Project of 51,000t Pulp ECF Bleaching System of Hunan Linyuan Paper Co., Ltd.
Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental Management Plan
Public Disclosure Authorized
Construction Institution: Hunan Linyuan Paper Co., Ltd.
Evaluation Institution: Henan Lansen Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. Public Disclosure Authorized Date: December, 2013
1 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP
Contents
1 OVERVIEW ...... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND ...... 1
1.2 PROJECT OVERVIEW ...... 2
1.3 STANDARD AND BASIS ...... 3
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ...... 9
1.5 RELEVANT ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS ...... 11
2 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ...... 22
2.1 MEASURES FOR PREVENTING AND CONTROLLING POLLUTION DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PERIOD ...... 22
2.2 MEASURES FOR PREVENTING AND CONTROLLING POLLUTION DURING THE OPERATION PERIOD ...... 28
3 RISK CONTROL AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ...... 37
3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL RISK IDENTIFICATION ...... 37
3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL RISK PREVENTION AND EMERGENCY MEASURES ...... 53
3.3 ACCIDENT EMERGENCY RESCUE PLAN AND MONITORING ...... 66
4 PUBLIC COMMUNICATION MECHANISM FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ...... 76
4.1 MAIN CONCERNS FROM THE PUBLIC ...... 76
4.2 PUBLIC COMMUNICATION PLAN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ...... 76
5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITY ...... 76
5.1 MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITY ASSIGNMENT ...... 76
5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SUPERVISION...... 76
5.3 MANAGEMENT OF CONTRACTORS ...... 76
6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ...... 76
6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL SUPERVISION PLAN ...... 76
6.2 OBJECTIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ...... 76
6.3 PROJECT SUPERVISION AND CONTROL SCHEME ...... 76
7 ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING PLAN...... 76
7.1 ON-THE-JOB TRAINING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL C ...... 76
7.2 TRAINING FOR CONSTRUCTION PERSONNEL ...... 76
7.3 STAFF TRAINING DURING THE OPERATION ...... 76
8 PLAN CONCERNING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ...... 76
8.1 CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ...... 76
8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MEASURES...... 76
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9 OCCUPATIONAL SANITATION, HEALTH AND SAFETY ...... 76
9.1 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH INSTITUTION SETTING...... 76
9.2 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH EDUCATION ...... 76
9.3 OCCUPATIONAL PROTECTION APPLIANCES ...... 76
10 LEGAL FORCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 76
11 ESTIMATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION INVESTMENT ...... 76
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1. Overview 1.1 Project Background Hunan Linyuan Paper Co., Ltd., the former Luhu Paper Mill was partly put into production on January 1, 1993. In 2003, it was renamed Hunan Linyuan Paper Co., Ltd. Occupying a land area of 219.31 mu added with an outside raw material field of 135 mu, the company has more than 420 employees. The registered capital of the company is 5 million yuan. The company has a chemical-bleaching reed pulp production line with annual capacity of 51,000t, 2 sets of 1760mm paper machine and 1 set of 2640 stationery paper machine. The designed annual production capacity of stationery paper is 51,000t. The main products include writing paper and wood-free paper with a ready market around the country. The company has complete thermal, power and water supply system, sewage treatment system and machinery equipment maintenance, storage, dock and service facilities. In order to improve environmental benefits, reduce effluent volume, the AOX and dioxin pollution in the bleaching system, Hunan Linyuan Paper Co., Ltd. intends to add a oxygen delignification process to the bleaching system and transform existing hypochlorite bleaching into ECF bleaching. According to the requirements of the “Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China”, the “Law of the People's Republic of China on Appraisal of Environment Impacts” and the “Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project Environmental Protection”, Hunan Linyuan Paper Co., Ltd. has entrusted Henan Lansen Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. to conduct the environmental impact assessment of the “Technical Renovation Project of 51,000t Pulp ECF Bleaching System of Hunan Linyuan Paper Co., Ltd.” and prepare the environmental impact statement for this project. According to World Bank Group’s “Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Paper Industry” and other relevant requirements, the Monitoring Plan for Environmental Management should be prepared. 1.2 Project Overview (1) Project name
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Technical Renovation Project of 51,000t Pulp ECF Bleaching System of Hunan Linyuan Paper Co., Ltd. (2) Construction institution Hunan Linyuan Paper Co., Ltd. (3) Nature of construction Technical renovation (4) Construction site and area The existing factory site will conduct technical renovation, and the total area is 219.3 mu. (5) Legal representative Chen Guodong (6) Product scheme and scale The production capacity of chemical pulping system is 51 thousand t/a. (7) Total investment in the project It has a total investment of 67.49 million yuan. 1.3 Standard and Basis
1.3.1 Laws, Regulations and Documents on Environmental Protection
(1) “Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China”, December 26, 1989; (2) “Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution”, which was revised on April 29, 2000; (3) “ Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution”, which was revised on June 1, 2008; (4) “Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Pollution from Environmental Noise”, October 29, 1996; (5) “Law of the People‘s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste”, which was revised on December 29, 2004; (6) “Law of the People's Republic of China on Appraisal of Environment Impacts”, October 28, 2002; (7) “Law of the People's Republic of China on Promotion of Cleaner Production”, July 1, 2012;
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(8) “Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Nature Reserves”, October 9, 1994; (9) “Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project Environmental Protection”, Decree No. 253 of the State Council of the People's Republic of China on November 29, 1998; (10) “List of Construction Projects under Classified Management for Environmental Protection ”, October 1, 2008; (11) “10th Five-Year Plan and 2010 Special Plan for National Forestry-Paper Integration” (2004); (12) “Circular on Several Opinions on Speeding up the Construction of Raw Material Forest Bases for the Paper Industry” ([2001] No.141, SDPC, Ministry of Finance, State Forestry Bureau); (13) “ Catalogue for the Guidance of Industrial Structure Adjustment (2011 Version)”, June 1, 2011; (14) “Official Reply of the State Council on Issues Concerning Acid Rain and SO2 Control Regions”, State Council [1998] No.5; (15) “12th Five-Year Plan for the Building of a Water-Saving Society”, Ministry of Water Resources; (16) “ Plan for Preventing and Controlling Water Pollution in the Lower-and-Middle Section of Yangtze River (2011-2015)” (MEP [2011] No.100); (17) “Decision on Issuing and Implementing the Interim Provisions on Promotion of Industrial Structure Adjustment” (State Council [2005]No.40); (18) “Paper Industry Development Policy” ([2007] Decree No. 71of the State Development Planning Commission); (19) “Interim Regulations on Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment” MEP No. 2006[28]; (20) “Environmental Information Disclosure Measures (Trial)”, Decree No. 35 of State Environmental Protection Administration; (21) “Circular on Strengthening the Administration of Environmental Impact Assessment and Preventing Environmental Risk”, July 3, 2012; (22) “Regulations on Safe Management on Hazardous Chemicals” (Decree No. 591 of the State Council on December 1, 2011);
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(23) “Detailed Rules of Regulations on Safe Management on Hazardous Chemicals” (Ministry of Chemical Industry Ministry of Labour [1992] No. 6777).
1.3.2World Bank’s Safeguard Policies
World Bank OP/BP4.01 (Environmental Assessment) is applicable to this project. The World Bank Group Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines includes General EHS Guidelines, EHS Guidelines for Paper Industry and other applicable guidelines, which are also fully reflected in the contents of this EIA.
1.3.3 Technical Basis
(1) Hunan Adm. Doc. [2006] No.168, “Circular of the General Office of Hunan Provincial People's Government on Strengthening the Management and Protection of Dongting Lake Wetland”, September 28, 2006; (2) “Remediation Plan to Deal with Pollution Caused by Papermaking Enterprises in the Dongting Lake Area” of Hunan Provincial People's Government, December 7, 2006. (3) Circular of Hunan Provincial People's Government, on Transmitting and Issuing the “Plan for Structural Adjustment of Paper Industry in the Dongting Lake Area” Issued by Provincial Economic and Trade Commission and other Departments, Hunan Adm. Doc. [2007] No.186, October 1, 2007; (4) Circular of Hunan Provincial Committee of Economy, on Printing and Issuing the “11th Five-Year Special Plan for Structural Adjustment of Paper Industry in Hunan Province”, Hunan Eco. & Invest. Doc. [2009] No.12, March 5, 2009; (5) Circular on Printing and Issuing the “Interim Provisions on Environmental Permitting of Technical Renovation of Paper Industry in Dongting Lake Area”, Hunan Env. Doc. [2007] No.7, February 1, 2007; (6) “Surface Water Environmental Function Zoning of Major River System in Hunan Province” DB43/023-2005; (7) “Technical Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment - General Principles” (HJ2.1-2013); (8) “Technical Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment - Atmospheric Environment” HJ2.2 - 2008; (9) “Technical Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment - Surface Water
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Environment” HJ/T2.3 -- 93; (10) “Technical Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment - Groundwater Environment” HJ610 - 2011; (11) “Technical Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment - Acoustics Environment” HJ 2.4-2009; (12) “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment on Projects” HJ/T169-2004; (13) “Interim Regulations on Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment”, MEP [2006] No.26; (14) “ Index System for Assessing Clean Production in Pulp and Paper Making Industry” (NDRC [2006] No.87); (15) “Cleaner Production Standard - Production of Bleached Soda Straw Pulp, Paper Industry” HJ/T339-2007 (16) “Norm of Water Intake - Pulp, Paper and Paper Board Production”, January 6, 2003; (17) “Technical Specifications for Pulp and Paper Industry Wastewater Treatment” HJ2011-2012;
1.3.4 Relevant Project Documents
(1) “Feasibility Study Report on Technical Renovation of ECF Bleaching Project with a Pulping Capacity of 51 Thousand Tons in Linyuan Paper Industry” China CEC Engineering Corporation; (2) Letter of authorization for the environmental impact assessment of the “Technical Renovation of ECF Bleaching Project with a Pulping Capacity of 51 Thousand Tons in Linyuan Paper Industry”; (3) Official Reply of the Yiyang Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau on the standard for assessment of this project; (4) “Renovation and Expansion project of Hunan Linyuan Paper Co., Ltd. for an Annual Production Capacity of 51 Thousand Tons of Cultural Paper and the Monitoring Report on the Completion and Environmental Protection Acceptance of Environmental Improvement Project”, 2008; (5) Other relevant materials provided by the construction institution;
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1.4 Objectives of Environmental Protection
The environment sensitive point of this technological upgrading project can be seen in Table 1-1.
Table 1-1 Environmental Sensitive Points Envir Environmenta Orientation Relating to onme l Function and Project Name Function and Scale Proposed Project and ntal Level of Distance Item Protection Caixiazhou Residential area, 30 N, 250m Fourth Team households, 95 people Luhu Middle School, 650 people N, 200m School Third Team of Residential area, 50 N, 1km Qujiatan District households, 152 people Dongjiang School School, 320 people N, 1.3km Residential area, 60 Xiasaihu District N, 2.3km households, 210 people Hexingzhou Sixth Residential area, 62 NW, 1.1km Team households, 190 people Residential area, 80 Huadong Village NW, 850m households, 235 people Caixiazhou First Residential area, 30 W, 500m Team households, 92 people Hexinghzou Residential area, 55 W, 1.2km Air Second Team households, 155 people envir Huafengyuan Residential area, 95 Level III of W, 2.3km onme Village households, 380 people GB3095-1996 nt Residential area, 9 households, 27 people (They Residents to the proposed housing demolition W, 50m west of plant site and relocation in the EIA of current project) Residential area, 3 households, 10 people (They Residents to the proposed housing demolition S, 50m south of plant site and relocation in the EIA of current project) Residents in Luhu Residential area, 40 Reed Farm to the E, 300m households, 140 people east of plant site Dongnaohu Residential area, 40 NE, 800m Second Team households, 150 people Dongnaohu Residential area, 48 NE, 1.7km Fourth Team households, 162 people Wate A stretch of river with a r length of 55.0 km begins in Grade III of Cao Wei River S, 600m envir the west from Cao Wei Town GB3838-2002 onme and ends at Donghunao in the
8 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP nt east, and its belongs to the fishery-used water area
South Dongting SE, about 500m from Lake Wetland Provincial Nature Reserve, the boundary of the and Waterfowl 168,000 hectares Huzhou buffer zone of Grade Ⅲ of Nature Reserve the Nature Reserve GB3838-2002 East Dongting NE, about 6km from National Nature Reserve, Lake National the boundary of buffer 190,300 hectares Nature Reserve zone The raw water is pumped from underground, now it has Grade Ⅲ of Luhuji Town been offered to 1,200 E, 400m Waterworks households, and the daily GB/T14848-1 supply capacity is 300 tons of 993 water. Acou Residents to the 10 people S, 50 m stic south of plant site Grade II of envir Residents to the GB3096-93 onme 27 people W, 50m west of plant site nt
1.5 Relevant Environmental Standards
1.5.1Environmental Quality Standards
1.5.1.1 Ambient Air Quality Standard
As for SO2, NO2, PM10 and TSP, GB 3095-1996 “Ambient Air Quality Standard” and its amendment (February 1, 2000), class 2 standard should be implemented in the project area; as for hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, the maximum allowable atmospheric concentration of harmful substances in residential areas specified in Table 1 of the GBZ1-2010 “Health Standard for the Design of Industrial Enterprises” should be implemented. The specific values are shown in Table 1-3.
Table 1-3 Limits Specified in the Ambient Air Quality Standard Concentration limit (mg/Nm3) Pollutant Name Sampling Time Class 2 Basis Class 1 standard standard
Annual mean 0.02 0.06 Sulfur dioxide “Ambient Air Daily mean 0.05 0.15 SO Quality 2 1-hr mean 0.15 0.50 Standard”(GB Total suspended Annual mean 3095-1996) and its 0.08 0.20 particles Daily mean amendment 0.12 0.30 TSP
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Annual mean Inhalable particles 0.04 0.10 Daily mean PM 0.05 0.15 10 Annual mean 0.04 0.08 Nitrogen dioxide Daily mean 0.08 0.12 NO 2 1-hr mean 0.12 0.24 Maximum Hydrogen sulfide, Once 0.01 allowable H2S atmospheric concentration of harmful substances in residential areas specified in Table 1 Ammonia, NH3 Once 0.20 of the “Health Standard for the Design of Industrial Enterprises” 1.5.1.2 Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water The receiving water of this project is Caowei River, and according to the DB43/023-2005 “Surface Water Environmental Function Zoning of Major River System in Hunan Province” and its Amendment No. 1(April 2, 2007), the water quality of Caowei River should comply with the Grade III water quality standard specified in the GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water. The specific values are shown in Table 1-4.
Table 1-4 Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002) Standard limit of basic item (mg/L, except pH ) Monitoring Item Grade II Grade III The man-made change of environmental water temperature should be limited to: Water Temperature (℃) Weekly maximum temperature rise ≤ 1 Weekly maximum temperature drop ≤ 2 pH value (dimensionless) 6~9 Dissolved oxygen ≥ 6 5 Chemical oxygen demand (COD) ≤ 15 20 Permanganate index ≤ 4 6 Five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) ≤ 3 4 Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) ≤ 0.5 1.0 Total nitrogen (Lake, reservoir, measure in N) 0.5 1.0 0.1 (lakes, reservoirs 0.2 (lakes, reservoirs Total phosphorus (measure in P) ≤ 0.025) 0.05) Petroleum 0.05 0.05 Sulfide 0.1 0.2 Cyanide ≤ 0.05 0.2 Volatile phenol ≤ 0.002 0.005 Arsenic ≤ 0.05 0.05 Mercury ≤ 0.00005 0.0001 Chromium (sexavalence) ≤ 0.05 0.05
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Standard limit of basic item (mg/L, except pH ) Monitoring Item Grade II Grade III Copper ≤ 1.0 1.0 Lead ≤ 0.01 0.05 Cadmium ≤ 0.005 0.005 1.5.1.3 Groundwater Quality Standards As for Groundwater, the Grade III standard specified in the “Quality Standard for Ground Water” (GB/T14848-93) should be implemented (which is on the basis of human health and mainly applicable to centralized drinking water source and industrial and agricultural water). The specific standard values of groundwater quality are listed in Table 1-5. Table 1-5 Standard Limits of Groundwater Quality Unit: mg/L (except pH value) Project Name Grade Ⅰ Grade Ⅱ Grade III Grade Ⅳ Grade Ⅴ 5.5～6.5 pH 6.5～8.5 <5.5, >9 8.5～9 Ammonia nitrogen ≤0.02 ≤0.02 ≤0.2 ≤0.5 >0.5 Nitrate ≤2.0 ≤5.0 ≤20 ≤30 >30 Nitrite ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.02 ≤0.1 >0.1 Volatile phenols ≤0.001 ≤0.001 ≤0.002 ≤0.01 >0.01 (measured in phenol) Cyanide ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 >0.1 Arsenic ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 >0.05 Mercury ≤0.00005 ≤0.0005 ≤0.001 ≤0.001 >0.001 Chromium (sexavalence) ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 >0.1 Total hardness (measure ≤150 ≤300 ≤450 ≤550 >550 in CaCO3) Lead ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 >0.1 Fluoride ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤2.0 >2.0 Cadmium ≤0.0001 ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.01 >0.01 Iron ≤0.1 ≤0.2 ≤0.3 ≤1.5 >1.5 Manganese ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 ≤1.0 >1.0 Total dissolved solids ≤300 ≤500 ≤1000 ≤2000 >2000 Permanganate index ≤1.0 ≤2.0 ≤3.0 ≤10 >10 Sulfate ≤50 ≤150 ≤250 ≤350 >350 Chloride ≤50 ≤150 ≤250 ≤350 >350 Total coliforms ≤3.0 ≤3.0 ≤3.0 ≤100 >100 1.5.1.4 Environmental Quality Standard for Noise The technical renovation project site is located in an existing plant area, the Grade 2 standard specified in the GB3096-2008 “Environmental Quality Standard for Noise” should be implemented around the plant boundary. The specific standard limits are listed in Table 1-6. Table 1-6 Environmental Quality Standard for Noise Unit: Leq [dB (A)] Grade Daytime Nighttime
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2 60 50
1.5.2 Standard for Discharge of Pollutants
1.5.2.1 Emission Standard of Air Pollutants (1) Alkali recovery boiler As for the combustion emissions of alkali recovery, the class 2 standard in Table 2 of the GB16297-1996 “Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants” should be implemented as a reference, and the specific values are shown in Table 1-7.
Table 1-7 Class 2 Standard in Table 2 of the “ Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants” Maximum Allowable Emission Emission Rate of 80m Pollutants Concentration (mg/ m3) chimney (kg/h) Smoke dust 120 151 SO2 550 110 NOx 240 31 （1）Self-contained Heating Boilers As for the waste gases of boiler, the Standard of Time Period Ⅱ of Region Ⅱ specified in the “Boiler Air Pollutant Emission Standards” (GB13271-2001) should be implemented; and the specific values are shown in Table 1-8.
Table 1-8 Standard of Time Period Ⅱ of Region Ⅱ specified in the “Boiler Air Pollutant Emission Standards” (GB13271-2001) Maximum Allowable Emission Concentration (mg/ m3) Smoke Blackness
nd rd (Ringelman Time Period 2 period 3 period Blackness, grade) Implementation January 1, 2005 January 1, 2010 January 1, 2015 January 1, 2004 January 1, 2004 time Smoke dust 200 50 50 50
SO2 1200 1200 400 400 1.0
NOx 650 650 650 450（Vdaf>20%）
(2) Particulate Matter As for the particulate matter emissions, the class 2 standard in the GB16297-1996 “Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants” should be implemented, and the specific values are shown in Table 1-9. Table 1-9 Class 2 Standard in the “ Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants” （mg/m3） （kg/h） Concentration Limit of Fugitive Pollutants Maximum Allowable Maximum Allowable Emission Monitoring (mg/m3)
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Emission Concentration Emission Rate (kg/h) (mg/ m3) Particulate 1.0 (Maximum concentration 120 3.5（15m） matter outside the perimeter) (3) Odor As for the fugitive emissions of odor pollutants, the class 2 standard at boundary of newly-built, rebuilt and expanded projects specified in the GB14554-93 “Emission Standards for Odor Pollutants”, and the specific values are shown in Table 1-10.
Table 1-10 Class 2 Standard at Boundary of Newly-built, Rebuilt and Expanded Projects Specified in the GB14554-93 “Emission Standards for Odor Pollutants” Values of Class 2 Standard for Pollutants Unit Newly-built, Rebuilt and Expanded Projects Ammonia mg/m3 1.5 Hydrogen Sulfide mg/m3 0.06 Odor Dimensionless 20 Concentration 1.5.2.2 Standard of Water Pollutants Discharge As for current production wastewater discharge, other emission limits relating to pulping and papermaking specified in the Table 2 in the GB3544-2008 “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper Industry” should be implemented. The specific values are shown in Table 1-11.
Table 1-11 Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper Industry (GB3544-2008 table 2) Production Type of Enterprises Joint Production of Pulp and Paper
1 pH value 6～9
2 Chroma (dilution ratio) 50
3 Suspended solids (mg/L) 30
5-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand 4 20 (BOD5, mg/L) Emission Chemical oxygen demand (CODCr, limits 5 90 mg/L)
6 Ammonia nitrogen (mg/L) 8
7 Total nitrogen (mg/L) 12
8 Total phosphorus (mg/L) 0.8
9 Absorbable organic halogens (AOX, 12
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mg/L)
10 Dioxins (pgTEQ/L) 30
Benchmark effluent volume per unit product, ton/ton (pulp) 40 Description: 1. The indicators of absorbable organic halogens (AOX) and dioxins are applicable to the conditions with the adoption of chlorine bleaching process. 2. The amount of pulp should be measured in oven pulp. 3. The actual effluent volume of enterprises that engage in joint production of pulp and paper should be checked and identified on the basis of the sum of the enterprises’ pulp yield and its pulp purchased. 4. If the proportion of the amount of self-produced waste paper pulp in the total amount of pulp produced by the enterprises is greater than 80%, the benchmark effluent volume per unit product shall be 20 tons/ton (pulp). 5. If the proportion of the amount of bleached non-wood pulp in the total amount of pulp produced by the enterprises is greater than 60%, the benchmark effluent volume per unit product shall be 60 tons/ton (pulp).
1.5.2.3 Noise Standards During the construction period, as for the noise, the “Noise limits for Construction Site” (GB12523-90) should be implemented, and the specific values are shown in Table 1-12.
Table 1-12 Noise limits for Construction Site Noise Limits dB (A) Construction Phase Main Noise Sources Daytime Nighttime Earthwork Bulldozers, excavators, loaders, etc. 75 55 禁 止 施 工 Piling Various pile drivers, etc. 85 Construction is forbidden Concrete mixers, vibrators, electro-saws, Structure 70 55 etc. Decoration Construction cranes, elevators, etc. 65 55
During the operation period, the Grade 2 Standard in the “Emission Standard for
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Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary” (GB12348-2008) should be implemented, and the specific values are shown in Table 1-13.
Table 1-13 Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary Grade Daytime Nighttime
2 60 50 1.5.2.4 Solid Waste Standards As for solid waste storage site, the GB 18599-2001 “Standard for Pollution on the Storage and Disposal Site for General Industrial Solid Wastes” should be implemented; as for household garbage, the “Standard for Pollution Control on the Landfill Site of Municipal Solid Waste” (GB16889-2008) should be implemented.
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2. Mitigation Measures for Environmental Impact
2.1 Measures for Preventing and Controlling Pollution during the Construction Period
2.1.1 Measures for Preventing and Controlling Wastewater Pollution during the
Construction Period
In order to mitigate the impact of wastewater from construction, the following measures are recommended: (1) The master plan for temporary drainage system within the construction area should be prepared before construction; during the construction period, temporary drainage ditches should be built in the construction site for the discharge of rainwater, and an earth embankment should also be built to prevent the off-site water that flows into the leveled area, so as to prevent the water to affect the stability of side slopes. (2) The water for flushing and concrete curing should be reused as often as possible; during the construction period, the rainwater and sewage, muddy wastewater in piling and water accumulation in the site should be collected and go through precipitation treatment, and then the supernatant should be discharged and the mud should be carried away by mud vehicles. As for the construction sites that generate oily wastewater when washing and repairing vehicles and machines, small grease traps and oil collecting basins should be set up. The drainage should comply with Class 1 Discharge Standard of GB8978-96. (3) All waste water from construction and camp sites should be treated in existing sewage treatment station in the plant site and discharged unless the pollutants are controlled under standards. The oily wastewater generated by the canteen in the construction site should go through grease separation, and after that it should be treated in existing sewage treatment station in the plant site together with common domestic wastewater and discharged unless the pollutants are controlled under standards.
2.1.2 Measures for Preventing and Controlling Pollution of Waste Gases during
Construction Period
In order to reduce atmospheric pollution during the construction, the construction site should enhance the management of production and environment, implement the system of
16 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP civilization construction, and the following countermeasures for prevention and control are recommended to minimize the affected areas: (1) The construction site should have strict rules and regulations: the site should be closed and fenced for construction; the roads under construction should be hardened, and regular watering should be carried out to prevent floating dust; when the wind speed is bigger, the construction should be stopped. The spare open spaces in the construction site should be used for simple greening. (2) The procedures that generate dust easily should be well controlled: the surface exposed in earth-rock excavation should be proper watered; and the earth and rock that are originally removed should be promptly filled or transported to designated places; the original roads in the plant site should be utilized for transportation, and the dust pollution during transport should be reduced; transport vehicles and corridors should be timely cleaned and washed, and the roads should maintain a certain humidity; wheel-washing equipments should be used before the vehicles go out of the construction site; transport vehicles should be driven at low speed and at a speed limit when entering the construction site, so as to reduce the amount of floating dust; the vehicles that transport sandy gravel materials, cement, muck and so on should be covered by tarps for the reason to reduce floating dust; bulk cement containers should be closed for protection. (3) In order to reduce raising dust in the use and storage of materials: the construction materials should be loaded and unloaded carefully; commercial concrete should be adopted, so as to reduce dust pollution; commercial bagged cement should be adopted where possible, bulk cement should be kept in sealed storage, the pneumatic discharge should be adopted, the concrete mixed on site should be avoided; when loading and transporting earth and rock, the earth and rock in truck bed should be lower than the tailgate of the truck; when temporarily stacking earth, rock, sand and other materials, the surface of these materials should be covered by canopies or regularly watered, or other measures should be taken; the muck should be cleaned and shipped as soon as possible; the roads for construction should be timely watered for dust suppression. (4) The construction machines that exhaust heavy should be equipped with smoke consuming apparatus, so as to air pollution in the environment. (5) The transport vehicles and construction machines can generate the most serious exhaust pollution when idling, slowing down and speeding up, and therefore the vehicles
17 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP and part of the construction machines in the construction site should be controlled at a smooth speed, so as to reduce exhaust pollution in traveling. (6) The energy used by the construction workers for living should be clean energy, such as electricity, liquefied petroleum gas and so on.
2.1.3 Measures for Preventing and Controlling Pollution of Solid Wastes during the
Construction Period
In order to reduce the impact of solid wastes generated by the construction on the surrounding environment, the following measures are recommended: (1) The construction sequence should be designed in a reasonable manner, the excavation volume and embankment volume should be balanced where possible, the spoil should be timely backfilled, so as to reduce the time and scope of its influence on atmosphere, soil and ecology. (2) The construction period should be arranged in a reasonable manner, and the construction wastes should be used as fills where possible; the construction wastes should be recycled as much as possible during the construction, so as to reduce the final wastes; the construction wastes should be piled up in special places according to the requirements of local environmental protection departments and relevant departments, and the construction wastes, which need to be classified before stacking, should be sent separately to specified dumps after classification according to relevant provisions. the construction wastes should be timely cleaned, transported and disposed, and random dumping should be strictly prohibited. (3) The temporary garbage collection containers should be established in the construction site and the living quarters for construction workers, the domestic garbage during the construction should be well collected promptly cleaned, and then the domestic garbage should be sent to specified garbage dumps or landfills after centralized stacking, so as to prevent littering and random dumping. (4) As for waste paints, coatings and other volatile components, relevant containers can be used in collection, and then the containers should be sent the qualified institutions that deal with hazardous solid wastes or be submitted to the manufacturers for treatment. Waste paint buckets should be recycled by their original manufacturers after collection, or they should be sold to specialized recycling company, and unauthorized cleaning is not
18 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP recommended.
2.1.4 Measures for Preventing and Controlling Noise Pollution during Construction Period
In order to make the noise at boundary of the enterprise meet the standards, the following measures are recommended: （1）The noise source should be reduced: low-noise equipments should be selected among various construction equipments, for example, such as high-speed vibrator should be adopted, impact stake shall be instead by static pre-stressed pipe pile and jetted cast-in-place pile when piling (little geological damage), and as for fixed machines, excavators and earth moving machines, the noises shall be reduced by using exhaust muffler and through the isolation of vibration components of engines; the quality of equipment installation should be improved, and the main devices should adopt the measures for vibration reduction and prevention; the dynamic machinery equipments should be repaired and maintained regularly, so as to prevent the equipments to increase the sound pressure level when working due to the vibration of loose components or damaged mufflers; the equipments should be shut down after use or when not in use. （2）The layout of construction site should be arranged rationally: a lot of dynamic machinery equipments at the same place should be avoided, so as to avoid high local sound level; noise barrier should be set up around the equipments with high noise level, so as to mitigate noise effect, and the bounding walls with a specified height should be built around the plant boundary. （3）The construction time should be arranged rationally: the equipments with high noise level should not be used simultaneously. Except the processes that need to be operated continuously, such as the drilling, hole cleaning and concrete filling of cast-in-place pile drivers, the foundation pit excavation in earthwork, cast-in-place concrete basement and cast-in-place concrete roof, the nighttime construction should be prohibited under other conditions; any nighttime construction must be reported to the environmental protection administrations for approval. If any noisy construction must be carried out at night, it is recommended to set up some temporary noise barriers around the noisy construction machines, so as to reduce noises. （4）The man-made noises should be minimized: the machines and equipments
19 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP should be operated according to prescribed procedures. The noises that create when the formworks and supports are crashing into each other in loading and unloading process should be minimized; the items should be handled gently, the construction tools should not be thrown about or thrown away; transport vehicles should properly limit speed when entering the site, and whistle should be banned.
2.2 Measures for Preventing and Controlling Pollution during the Operation Period
2.2.1 Measures for Preventing and Controlling Wastewater Pollution
1）Currently, the plant has built a comprehensive sewage treatment station, which is located on the south side of the site, the design capacity of existing comprehensive sewage treatment plant is Q=25,000m3/d, it adopts secondary biological treatment + air floatation process, and it is responsible for the treatment of all wastewater discharged from pulping workshop, alkali recovery workshop, thermal power station in the whole plant and the domestic wastewater discharged from the plant area. At present, the above-mentioned wastewater treatment facilities are working well, and the water quality after treatment can reach the national emission standards. In order to meet the “Discharge Standard of Water
Pollutants for Pulp and Paper Industry”, Lin Yuan Paper Industry transformed its existing sewage treatment station in 2011, horizontal-flow air flotation was added. The existing technological processes of sewage treatment are shown in Figure 2-1.
Blower Returned sludge Sewage O2
Screen Primary Anaerobic tank Anaerobic Aeration tank Secondary
sedimentation sedimentation tank sedimentation Supernatant tank tank Sediment transported Excess sludge outside
Mud cake transported Sludge thickening and dewatering Sludge thickening tank
outside machine Up-to-standard discharge into Caowei River Clear water drain pit Horizontal-flow air flotation
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Figure 2-1 Process Flow Diagram of Existing Sewage Treatment Station
The technical renovation has not increased water discharge; instead, it has reduced water discharge of about 1,016m3/d; after the implementation of this project, the water discharge needed to be treated in the whole plant is 7,834 m3/d, which is far less than the treatment capacity of existing sewage treatment plant, and therefore this technical renovation does not consider the construction of any new sewage treatment plant, and the wastewater discharge should be treated by the existing sewage treatment station and then discharged according to the required standards.
2) In this technical renovation, a small volume of cooling water is consumed in the preparation of chlorine dioxide, and the main pollutant is a small amount of COD, thus the wastewater should be sent to the sewage treatment plant for treatment.
2.2.2 Measures for Preventing and Controlling Pollution of Waste Gases
The non-fugitive waste gases generated in the production process of existing project are mainly the flue-gas of boiler in the thermal power station, the flue-gas of alkali furnace in the alkali recovery system and the dust in workshop for preparing raw materials. ① At present, the thermal power station is equipped with two sets of 35t/h boilers, the flue-gas of the boilers goes to the atmosphere through a 80m chimney after the granite water film dust removal and the desulfunization by alkali solution (Ca（OH）2). ② The alkali recovery system has one alkali furnace with a solid treating capacity of 195t/d, the flue-gas of alkali boiler goes outside through the same 80m chimney used by the above-mentioned boiler after being treated by an electrostatic precipitator. ③ The total waste gas emission generated in the material preparation section is about 37,500 m3/h, the concentration of dust generated is 4,000mg/ m3, the amount of dust generated is 150kg/h; by using the cloth bag dust catcher system with a removal efficiency of 99%, its emission concentration is 40 mg/m3, and its emission amount is 1.5kg/h, so that the waste gas can go outside through a 15m chimney according to the required standards.
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As for the waste gases generated in this technical renovation, the treatment measures are as follows: 1) The off-gas from the absorption tower in chlorine dioxide workshop: the off-gas mainly consists of a small volume of ClO2 and methanol, the off-gas from the absorption tower is absorbed by the water in the cooling tank of vapor ejection pump, and after that, the exhaust gas go outside through a 30m exhaust funnel; the exhaust gas is in a small amount of (500 m3/h) and contains trace organic contaminants, thus the high-altitude emission results in less impact on the environment. 2) The waste gas from pulping workshop: the waste gas exist in the washing, screening and bleaching processes in the pulp workshop, it is a small volume of odor generated in the bleaching and screening processes, a gas-collecting hood is set up in this technical renovation to collect the exhaust gas that goes outside the process system, and then the collected exhaust gas is sent to water-spray washing tower for purification and goes outside through a 15m exhaust funnel according to the required standards; the waste gas collection efficiency is > 90%, the washing removal efficiency is ≥ 90%; the waste gas from pulping workshop results in less impact on the environment after treatment.
2.2.3 Measures for Preventing and Controlling Noise Pollution of Waste Gases
The main noise sources of existing project include the reed cutter and air blower in material preparation workshop, the pulp pump and water pump in pulping workshop, the pulp pump and pulping machine in papermaking workshop, the pump and air blower in alkali recovery workshop, the water pump and air blower in sewage treatment station, the air compressor in compressed air station, etc.. The main noise sources of technical renovation project include the pulp pump, water pump and pressurized screen in pulping workshop, as well as the pumps in chlorine dioxide workshop. The noise level is 80~95dB
(A), and the main measures adopted for noise elimination are sound absorption, sound insulation and shock absorption. (I) Principles of noise control
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Noise control measures taken in the overall design process the following principles: ① It is necessary to start with the control of noise sources, the manufactures should be required to offer the equipments with a noise level no more than the design standard values when ordering the equipments, and the silencers and sound-proof devices should be installed on some equipment when necessary. ② In the design of equipments and pipes, anti-vibration and anti-shock should be considered, so as to reduce the vibration noise, and the state of flow field in gas transportation should be considered, so as to reduce the aerodynamic noise. ③ In the design of plant construction, the main place for working and resting should be kept away from strong sound sources, and the duty room should be established when necessary, so as to isolate and protect the staff from noises. The sound insulation of the plant must be ensured in the plant construction. ④ The overall arrangement in the plant site should be planned as a whole with a rational distribution, and the noise-proof spacing should be considered. The green belts should be extensively established in the plant area, the front area of the plant and the areas inside and outside the plant boundary walls, so as to further reduce the impact of noises on the surrounding environment. (II) Noise control measures （1）Noise control measures in pulp workshop Pulping system and its subsidiary systems, such as compressed air system and vacuum system, are placed in a closed building or isolated rooms. The main noise sources are pressurized screen, pulp pump, water pumps and so on, the reverberation in workshop is up to 95dB(A). The plant has a good sound-proof property, and the sound insulation effect is about 20 decibels. As for the high-noise equipments outside the pulping plant, a combination of double-glazed window, silencing shutter and soundproof door should be adopted in the equipment room. （2）Noise control in chlorine dioxide workshop The main noise sources are pumps in this workshop, and the main measures that are adopted for noise elimination are sound absorption, sound insulation and shock absorption.
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2.2.4 Analysis of Measures for Solid Waste Treatment and Disposal
Currently, the main solid wastes generated by the company in its production include ash and slag, reed residue, waste pulp and paper, white mud residue, green mud, lime slag, sludge, etc. The reed ash residue and reed pulp residue are transported outside to the reed fields of reed farm as fertilizers; the waste pulp and paper are sold to carton plants as raw materials; the coal ash and slag is used in brick making and paving; green mud, lime mud, white mud residue and sludge are dumped in a slag disposal pit on the south side of the plant, the slag disposal pit covers an area of 5,000 m2, and about 20,000 tons of slag has been filled in. The ways of discharge and disposal are shown in Table 2-1.
Table 2-1 List of Waste Slag Generation and Whereabouts
Production No. Name of Solid Waste Discharge (t/a) Disposal way Property Section 7,820 Used as fertilizers in Reed residue Pulping (oven-dry) reed fields of reed farm 1 1,600 Sold to carton plants as workshop Waste pulp and paper (oven-dry) raw materials Papermaking Recycled by 2 Waste polyester mesh 1 workshop manufacturers Green mud 340 (oven-dry) Alkali 1,500 General Lime slag 3 recovery (oven-dry) solid workshop 3,015 Dumped in a slag waste White mud residue (oven-dry) disposal pit Sewage 2,600 4 treatment Sludge (oven-dry) station Coal ash and slag, Contracted to 5 Boiler room desulfurization 9,124 individuals for brick residue making and paving Total 26,000
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3. Risk Control and Emergency Management
3.1 Environmental Risk Identification
3.1.1 Risk Range
The scope of this environmental risk identification includes the risk identification concerning production facilities and the risk identification concerning the materials involved in the production process.
(1) As for this project, the scope of risk identification concerning production facilities mainly refers to the production area, storage and transportation systems, utility system, engineering, environmental protection facilities and auxiliary production facilities within the entire plant.
(2) According to the main raw materials used in this project, the products and the
“three wastes（waste gas, waste water and waste residues）” generated in the production process, the risk identification concerning the materials involved in the production process can be determined.
3.1.2 Risk Substances
According to the Catalogue of Hazardous Chemicals (2002) and relevant substances, the hazardous chemicals involved in the production of this technical renovation are sulfuric acid, sodium chlorate, methanol, hydrogen peroxide and chlorine dioxide, and Table 3-1 ～Table 3-5 show their names, physical and chemical properties, toxicity, etc..
Table 3-1 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Sulfuric Acid Nature GB Code. 81007 CAS No. 7664-93-9 Chinese 硫酸 Name English Sulfuric acid Name
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Alias sulfuric acid Physical Appearan Molecular Pure sulfuric acid is colorless, and H2SO4 ce & Formula transparent oily liquid, odorless Chemica Character l Molecular Vapor 98.08 0.13kPa(145.8℃) Properti Weight Pressure es Melting 10.5 ℃ Boiling point: Solubility Water-miscible point 330.0 ℃ Relative density Density (water=1) 1.83; relative Stability Stable density (Air=1) 3.4 It can be used in the production of chemical fertilizers, and it also has a Hazard Main 20 (corrosive acid) wide range of applications in Label Purpose chemical, pharmaceutical, plastics, dyes, oil refining and other industries. Hazardous characteristics: it can react vigorously with inflammables (such as benzene) and Hazardo organic matters (such as sugar, cellulose, etc.), or even cause a fire. It can react with a us number of active metal powders and liberate hydrogen. In the presence of water, it can characte release lots of heat, even create splashing. It is highly corrosive. ristics Combustion (decomposition) products: sulfur oxide. 3 Acute toxicity: LD5080mg/kg (taken orally by rat); LC50510mg/m , 2 hours (rat inhalation); Toxicity 320mg/m3, 2 hours (mouse inhalation) Invasion pathways: inhalation, ingestion. Health hazards: it can be highly corrosive and irritant to human skin, mucous membranes and other tissues. It can cause conjunctivitis, edema, corneal opacity of eyes, and even result in blindness; it can cause respiratory irritation, and dyspnea and pulmonary edema can occur in Health severe cases; high concentration can cause death due to laryngismus or glottic edema. After Hazards Oral administration, burns and even ulceration occur in digestive tract. In severe cases, there may be gastric perforation, peritonitis, laryngismus, glottic edema, kidney damage, shock, etc.. Chronic effects include dental erosion, chronic bronchitis, emphysema and pneumonocirrhosis. The personnel in leakage contaminated areas should be evacuated to a safe area, all unnecessary personnel should be prohibited to access to the contaminated areas, the Acciden emergency personnel are recommended to wear masks and chemical protecting suits. tal Reasonable ventilation is needed, people should not directly contact with any leakage, and let Release no inflammables (wood, paper, oil, etc.) contact with the leakage, and the leaking should be Measure stopped if it is safe to do so. Water mist should be sprayed to slow down the volatilization (or s spread), but the water should not be sprayed directly on the leakage or the leaking point. The leakage should be mixed with sand, dry lime or soda ash, and then the mixture should be
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collected and transported to waste sites for disposal. It can also be rinsed with plenty of water, and the diluted washing water can flow into the wastewater system. If the leakage is in large volume, barriers should be utilized for collection, and then the leakage should be collected, transferred, recycled or discarded after harmless treatment. Respiratory protection: when it is possible to expose to its vapor or smoke, gas masks or airline helmets must be worn. In cases of emergency rescue or evacuation, it is recommended Protecti to wear self-contained breathing apparatus. ve Eye protection: chemical safety protective goggles must be worn. Measure Protective suit: overalls should be worn (anti-corrosive material). s Hand protection: rubber gloves should be worn. Other: a shower should be taken after working. The contaminated clothes should be stored separately and be reused after washing. Maintain good health habits. Dermal exposure: Remove contaminated clothing, and flush immediately with clean water for at least 15 minutes. Or rinse with 2% sodium bicarbonate solution. Seek medical attention. Eye exposure: immediately hold eyelids open and flush with clean water or normal saline for First Aid at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention. Measure Inhalation: rapidly remove the person from exposure to a place with fresh air. If breathing is s difficult, administer oxygen. The treatment of spray inhalation of 2-4 % sodium bicarbonate solution should be applied. Seek medical attention. Ingestion: If swallow, please drink milk, egg whites, vegetable oil, etc., and do not induce vomiting. Immediately seek medical attention. Extinguishing method: sand. Do not use water. Packagi It should transported by tank vehicle. It should be stored in storage tanks within the plant, and ng and the storage volume is about 50t. Storage Environ The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in the air within workshop is mental (2mg/m3) Standard The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in the atmosphere within s residential areas (one-time value: 0.30mg/ m3, daily average value 0.10mg/m3)
Table 3-2 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Sodium Chlorate Nature GB Code 51030 CAS No. 7775-09-9 Chinese 氯酸钠 Name English Sodium chlorate Name Alias sodium chlorate
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Physical Appearan Molecular Colorless, odorless crystal, It is salty and NaClO3 ce & Formula and cold, and it has deliquescence. Chemica Character l Molecular Vapor 106.45 Decomposition Properti Weight Pressure es Melting It dissolves easily in water, and it is 248～261℃ Solubility point slightly soluble in ethanol Relative density Density Stability Stable (water=1) 2.49 It can be used as an oxidizing agent, and it can be used to make chlorate, Hazard Main 11 (oxidizer) herbicides, pharmaceuticals, etc., and Label Purpose it can also be used in metallurgical ore processing Hazardous characteristics: it is a strong oxidizing agent. An explosion can occur when it Hazardo exposes to intense heat or contacts with strong acids. An explosive mixture can form when it us mixes with reducing agents, organic compounds and inflammables, such as sulfur, Characte phosphorus or metal powder. An explosion can occur when it is heated dramatically. ristics Combustion (decomposition) products: oxygen, chloride, sodium oxide.
Toxicity Acute toxicity: LD501200mg/kg (taken orally by rat) Invasion ways: inhalation, ingestion, percutaneous absorption. Health Health hazards: its dust can irritate the respiratory tract, eyes and skin. It has acute oral Hazards toxicity, which is manifested as methemoglobinemia, gastroenteritis, liver and kidney damage and even suffocation. The leakage contaminated areas should be isolated, and access should be restricted. The Acciden emergency personnel are recommended to wear self-contained breathing apparatus and tal general protective suits. Do not contact directly with leakage, do not let the leakage contact Release with organic matters, reducing agents and inflammables. A small amount of leakage: avoid Measure dust, collect the leakage in a dry, clean, covered container with a clean shovel. A large s amount of leakage: the leakage should be collected and recycled or transported to waste disposal sites. Respiratory protection: when it is possible to touch its dust, it is recommended to wear non-powered air-purifying respirator. Protecti Eye protection: wear chemical safety protective goggles. ve Physical protection: wear polyethylene protective clothing. Measure Hand Protection: wear rubber gloves. s Other: smoking, eating and drinking are banned in work site. Take a shower and change clothes after wording. Maintain good health habits.
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Eye exposure: hold eyelids open and flush with clean water or normal saline for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention. Inhalation: rapidly remove the person from exposure to a place with fresh air. Keep First Aid respiratory tract unblock. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If the victim is not Measure breathing, administer artificial respiration. Obtain medical attention. s Ingestion: drink plenty of warm water, induce vomiting, and seek medical attention. Extinguishing method: fight the fire with plenty of water, and smother the fire with powder extinguishing agent at the same time. Packagi Plastic woven bag lined with plastic sheets, 50kg/bag. It adopts motor transportation. The ng and warehouse should be established within the plant area, with a storage capacity of 25t. Storage Environ Former Soviet Union The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in the air mental within workshop is 5mg/m3 Standard Former Soviet Union (1975) The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in s water body is 20mg/L
Table 3-3 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Methanol Nature GB Code 32058 CAS No. 67-56-1 Chinese 甲醇 Name English methyl alcohol；Methanol Name Wood alcohol Alias
Appearance Molecular Colorless, clear liquid with a CH4O；CH3OH & Formula pungent odor Character
Molecular Vapor 32.04 13.33kPa/21.2℃ Flash point: 11℃ Weight Pressure
It is soluble in water, and it is Physical and Melting -97.8 ℃ Boiling Solubility miscible with alcohol, ether and Chemical Point point: 64.8℃ most organic solvents Properties Relative density (water=1) 0.79; Density Stability Stable relative density (air=1) 1.11 It can be used to make Hazard 7 (flammable Main formaldehyde, fragrances, dyes, Label liquid) Purpose pharmaceuticals, gunpowder,
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antifreeze, etc.
It is flammable, its vapor can form explosive mixtures when mixed with air. In case of fire and intense heat, a combustion explosion can occur. a chemical reaction or combustion can occur when contacting with oxidants. In a fire scene, heated Hazardous containers have a risk of explosion. Its vapor is heavier than air, so it can spread lower Characteristics down to a considerable distance to an ignition source, and backdraft phenomenon will occur when meeting an open fire. Combustion ( decomposition ) products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide. Toxicity: middle toxicity.
Acute toxicity: LD505,628mg/kg (taken orally by rat); 15,800mg/kg (rabbit
percutaneous); LC5082,776mg/kg, 4 hours (rat inhalation); human taken orally 5~ 10ml, the incubation period is 8～36 hours, resulting in coma; in case of 15ml taken orally by human, retinitis and blindness can occur within 48 hours; in case of 30~100ml taken orally by human can cause serious damage to the central nervous system, respiratory failure and death. Subacute and chronic toxicity: 50mg/m3 inhaled by rat, 12 hours/day, 3 months, the Toxicity damage of trachea and bronchial mucosa, and the nutritional disorder of cerebral cortical cells occur within 8～10 weeks. Mutagenicity: microbial mutagenicity: Beer yeast 12pph. Inhibition of DNA: Human lymphocytes 300mmol/L.
Reproductive toxicity: Minimum toxic concentration of rat taken orally (TDL0): 7,500mg/kg (pregnant time is 7～19 days), has an impact on the behavior of newborn
rats. Minimum toxic concentration of rat taken through inhalation (TDL0): 20,000ppm (7 hours), (pregnant time is 1～ 22 days), can result in the abnormalities of musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system and urinary system. Invasion ways: inhalation, ingestion, percutaneous absorption. Health hazards: it has an anesthetic effect on the central nervous system; it has a special selecting toxicity for optic nerve and retina and can causing lesions; it can cause metabolic acidosis. Acute toxicity: short-term over-inhalation can gently irritate eyes and upper respiratory tract (oral administration can cause gastrointestinal irritation); after the Health incubation period, headache, dizziness, fatigue, vertigo, feeling of drunkenness, dim Hazards consciousness, delirium, and even coma can occur. Optic nerve and retinal lesions can occur, blurred vision and diplopia may occur; in severe cases, blindness may occur. When metabolic acidosis occurs, carbon dioxide combining power may loss, breathing may speed up. Chronic effects: neurasthenia syndrome, autonomic nervous dysfunction, mucous membrane irritation, vision loss, etc.. Degreasing of skin and dermatitis may occur.
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The personnel in leakage contaminated areas should be rapidly evacuated to a safe area and be isolated, and access should be restricted. Eliminate sources of ignition. The emergency personnel are recommended to wear positive-pressure breathing apparatus and antitoxic suits. Do not directly touch the leakage. If possible, cut off the source of leakage, and prevent the leakage spread into the sewers, flood ditches and Accidental other restrictive space. A small amount of leakage: it can be adsorbed with sand or Release other non-combustible materials. It can also be rinsed with plenty of water, and the Measures diluted washing water can flow into the wastewater system. A large amount of leakage: build barriers or dig pit for collection; it should be covered with foam, so as to reduce vapor disasters. It should be transferred to tankers or special collectors by using an explosion-proof pump. It should be recycled or transferred to waste disposal sites. Respiratory protection: when it is possible to expose to its vapor, filter type protective masks (half-mask) should be worn. In cases of emergency rescue or evacuation, it is recommended to wear air breathing apparatus. Eye protection: wear chemical safety protective goggles. Protective Physical protection: wear anti-static suit. Measures Hand Protection: wear rubber gloves. Other: smoking, eating and drinking are banned in work site. Take a shower and change clothes after wording. Periodic medical examinations and pre-employment medical examinations should be implemented. Dermal exposure Remove contaminated clothing. Wash contaminated skin with soap and water Eye exposure: hold eyelids open and flush with clean water or normal saline. Seek medical attention. Inhalation: rapidly remove the person from exposure to a place with fresh air. Keep respiratory tract unblock. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If the victim is First Aid not breathing, administer artificial respiration. Obtain medical attention. Measures Ingestion: drink plenty of water and induce vomiting, Gastric lavage with clean water or 1% sodium thiosulfate solution should be performed. Seek medical attention. Extinguishing method: if possible, move containers from the scene to open spaces. Spray water to cool the containers in the fire scene until the end of fire-fighting. If the containers at the scene change color or the pressure relieving devices produce sound, the personnel must be evacuated immediately. Extinguishing agents: Alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide and sand. Packaging and It adopts tanker transportation. The iron storage tanks should be established within the Storage plant area, with a storage capacity of 10t. The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in the air within Environmental workshop is (50mg/m3) Standards The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in the atmosphere
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within residential areas (one-time value: 3.00mg/m3, daily average value: 1.00mg/m3)
Table 3-4 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Hydrogen Peroxide Nature GB Code 51001 CAS No. 7722-84-1 Chinese 过氧化氢 Name English hydrogen peroxide Name
Alias aquae hydrogenii dioxidi
Appearance Colorless liquid with a faint particular Formula H2O2 & Character smell
Molecular Vapor 43.01 0.13kPa(15.3℃) Weight Pressure Physical It is soluble in water, alcohols and and Melting -2℃/water-free Boiling Solubility ethers, and it is insoluble in benzene, Chemica point point: 158℃/water-free petroleum ether. l Relative density Properti Density (water=1) 1.46 Stability Stable es (water-free) It can be used in bleaching, Hazard 11 (oxidizer), 20 Main pharmaceuticals, and it can also be Label (corrosive) Purpose used as an analytical reagent. Hazardous characteristics: it is an explosive strong oxidant. Hydrogen peroxide itself is non-combustible, but it can react with combustibles and emit a lot of heat and gas, and then resulting fire and explosion. Hydrogen peroxide is most stable at pH 3.5～4.5, it decomposes easily in alkaline solution, and it can decompose in the case of strong light, particularly short wavelength. When it is heated to above 100℃, it begins to decompose rapidly. It can form explosive mixtures together with a lot of organic matters, such as sugar, starch, alcohols, Hazardo petroleum products, and the mixtures can explode in case of impact, heat or spark. When us hydrogen peroxide exposes to many inorganic compounds or impurities, it can decomposes Characte rapidly and cause an explosion, release a lot of heat, oxygen and water vapor. Most heavy ristics metals (such as tin, copper, silver, lead, mercury, zinc, cobalt, nickel, chromium, manganese, etc.) and their oxides and salts are active catalysts, dust, cigarette ash, carbon powder and rust can also accelerate its decomposition. In case of hydrogen peroxide with a concentration of more than 74%, vapor explosion can occur in a closed container with a suitable ignition source or temperature. Combustion (decomposition) products: oxygen, water.
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Acute toxicity: LD504060mg/kg (rat skin); LC502000mg/m3, 4 hours (rat inhalation) Mutagenicity: microbial mutagenicity: Salmonella typhimurium 10μL/dish; escherichia coli Toxicity 5ppm. Sister chromatid exchange: hamster lung 353μmol/L. Carcinogenicity: IARC carcinogens comment: animal suspiciously positive. Invasion pathways: inhalation, ingestion. Health hazard: in case of the inhalation of its vapor or mist, it can strongly irritate the respiratory Health tract. Direct eye contact with the liquid can cause irreversible damage, even blindness. Taken Hazards Orally, the victim will show abdominal pain, chest pain, difficulty in breathing, vomiting, temporary movement disorder and sensory dysfunction, fever and so on. In a few cases, visual impairment, epileptic convulsions and paresis may occur. The personnel in leakage contaminated areas should be rapidly evacuated to a safe area and be isolated, and access should be restricted. The emergency personnel are recommended to wear positive-pressure breathing apparatus and anti-acid & alkali suits. If possible, cut off the source of leakage, and prevent the leakage spread into the sewers, flood ditches and other restrictive Acciden space. A small amount of leakage: it can be adsorbed with sand, vermiculite or other inert tal materials. It can also be rinsed with plenty of water, and the diluted washing water can flow into Release the wastewater system. A large amount of leakage: build barriers or dig pit for collection; the Measure vapor should be cooled and diluted by spraying a mist of water, so as to protect on-site s personnel and dilute the leakage into a non-combustible material. It should be transferred to tankers or special collectors by using a pump. It should be recycled or transferred to waste disposal sites for treatment. Waste disposal method: the waste liquor can decompose and release oxygen after dilution, the waste liquor can flow into the sewer after a full decomposition. Respiratory protection: when it is possible to expose to its vapor, self-supported filter type protective mask (full face mask ) should be worn. Protecti Eye protection: it has been done in respiratory protection. ve Physical protection: wear polyethylene protective suit. Measure Hand Protection: wear chloroprene rubber gloves. s Other: smoking is banned in work site. Take a shower and change clothes after wording. Pay attention to personal hygiene. Dermal exposure: Remove contaminated clothing, wash contaminated skin with plenty of clean water. Eye exposure: immediately hold eyelids open and flush with clean water or normal saline for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention. First Aid Inhalation: rapidly remove the person from exposure to a place with fresh air. Keep respiratory Measure tract unblock. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If the victim is not breathing, s administer artificial respiration. Obtain medical attention. Ingestion: drink plenty of water, induce vomiting, and obtain medical attention. Extinguishing method: the fire fighters must wear protective whole body suits. If possible, move containers from the scene to open spaces. Spray water to cool the containers in the fire scene until the end
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of fire-fighting. If the containers at the scene change color or the pressure relieving devices produce sound, the personnel must be evacuated immediately. Extinguishing agents: water, fog water, dry powder, and sand.
Packagi It adopts tanker transportation. The iron storage tanks should be established within the plant ng and area, with a storage capacity of 50 m3 Storage Environ mental Former Soviet Union (1975) The maximum allowable concentration in working environment is Standard 1.4mg/m3 s
Table 3-5 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Chlorine Oxide Nature GB Code ---- CAS No. 10049-04-4 Chinese 二氧化氯 Name English Chlorine dioxide；Chlorine oxide Name Chinese
Alias
It is yellowish red gas with a pungent
smell, it may travel a considerable Appearan Molecular distance along the ground, and it is ClO2 ce & Formula usually diluted into solution with a Character concentration of less than 10% for use Physical and storage. and Molecular Vapor Chemica 67.45 9.9 ℃/97.2kPa (explosion) Weight Pressure l Melting Properti -59℃ Solubility Water-insoluble point es Relative density (water=1)3.09(11 ℃ ); Density Stability Unstable relative density (air=1) 2.3 Hazard Main As bleaching agents, deodorants,
Label Purpose oxidants, etc. Hazardo Hazardous characteristics: it is a powerful oxidizing agent. It can have an explosive us reaction with many chemicals. It is very sensitive to heat, vibration, shock and friction, and Characte it decomposes and explodes easily.
34 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP ristics Combustion (decomposition) products: hydrogen chloride.
Toxicity No Record Invasion pathways: inhalation, ingestion. Health hazards: it is a strong irritant agent. It mainly irritates eyes and respiratory tract after exposure. Inhalation of high concentration can cause pulmonary edema. It can be fatal. Its Health gas with a certain concentration that results in serious damage to the respiratory tract may Hazards irritate the skin. Highly concentrated solutions of this product may cause intense irritation and corrosion after skin contact or ingestion. Long-term exposure can lead to chronic bronchitis. The people in leakage contaminated areas should be rapidly evacuated a place on the windward side, the evacuated people should be isolated until the gas is dissipated. The Acciden emergency personnel should wear positive-pressure self-supported respirators and tal chemical protective suits. Eliminate sources of ignition. Do not let the leakage expose to Release combustible materials (wood, paper, oil, etc.), cut off the gas supply, spray a mist of water Measure to dilute, exhaust gas (indoor) or force to ventilate (outdoor). The leaking containers cannot s be reused, and the remaining gas in the containers should be removed through technological treatment. Respiratory protection: when there is a higher concentration in the air, anti-gas masks should be worn. In cases of emergency rescue or evacuation, it is recommended to wear positive-pressure breathing apparatus. Protecti Eye protection: wear chemical safety protective goggles. ve Physical protection: wear anti-corrosion suit. Measure Hand protection: when it is possible to expose to toxic substances, wear chemical resistant s gloves. Other: smoking is banned in work site. Take a shower and change clothes after wording. Maintain good health habits. Dermal exposure: Remove contaminated clothing, immediately rinse thoroughly with plenty of clean water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention. Eye exposure: immediately hold eyelids open and flush with clean water or normal saline for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention. First Aid Inhalation: rapidly remove the person from exposure to a place with fresh air. Keep Measure respiratory tract unblock. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If the victim is not s breathing, immediately administer artificial respiration. Obtain medical attention. Ingestion: the victims should rinse their mouths, and drink milk or egg whites. Seek medical attention. Extinguishing method: cut off the gas supply. Spray water to cool the containers; if possible, move the containers from the scene to open spaces.
35 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP
Packagi The chlorine dioxide produced and used by this project is absorbed by water, and after it is ng and stored temporarily in storage tanks with a storage capacity of 10 m3 Storage Environ U.S. Workshop health standards 0.3 mg/m3 mental Former Soviet Union (1975) The maximum allowable concentration of harmful organisms Standard in water body is 0.4mg/L s
The sulfuric acid, sodium chlorate, methanol and hydrogen peroxide used in the project and the chlorine dioxide generated in the production process are toxic, flammable and strong oxidizing substances, and the surrounding environment and people might be adversely affected during the accident process; therefore, with a comprehensive consideration of hazardous nature and storage of the substances involved in this project, methanol is identified as the assessment factor of material leaking in this project, and the project’s risk types mainly include fire, explosion and poisoning;
3.1.3 Risk Type
As for this project, the processes that have the risk of accidents include the transportation, storage, production and use of hazardous chemicals, the risk types can be identified as follows: (1) Handling and transportation processes As for this project, the sulfuric acid, sodium chlorate, methanol and hydrogen peroxide used in the production are mainly transported by land, and special vehicles are responsible for the transportation of these raw materials. In the process of handling and transportation, the risk factors mainly include: ① Traffic accidents may happen to the carrier vehicles (such as crashes, rollovers, etc.), and the accidents may result in the leakage of raw materials, which can lead to the poisoning of the driver and the people around, pollute the water body around, and cause serious environmental damage and casualties. ② When loading and unloading, the leakage of materials may occur as a result of the mistakes made by the operators, so that the concentration of toxic and hazardous substances may exceed the threshold limit value and lead to the poisoning of the staff
36 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP around. (2) Storage and production processes The dangerous materials used in the production of this project, such as sulfuric acid, methanol and hydrogen peroxide, are mainly stored in iron tanks. The risk factors existing in the storage and production processes include: ① Liquid methanol is highly volatile, and it cannot catch fire or explode in a short time, but due to the high solubility of methanol vapor in water and body fluids, it can rapidly distributed in human body and result in damage after absorption, and the visual Impairment can develop rapidly into blindness. In severe cases, bradycardia, spasm, shock and other symptoms may occur. ② Methanol can catch fire quickly, and the fire is featured with high temperature and roaring flame, which cannot be extinguished easily, so once it catches fire, it is likely to cause a burn to people and burn down plants and equipment. ③ If a large amount of methanol leakage cannot be controlled timely, the methanol vapor can form an explosive mixture with air, and when the explosion limit is reached, a big explosion can occur in the presence of open fire, electrostatic spark or collision spark. 3.2 Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Measures
As for production safety, China has consistently adhered to the principle of
“prevention is the main concern and security is the first concern”, so the key emphasis in work shall be put on prevention. The implementation of effective risk prevention will reduce the probability of accidents, minimize the possible damages caused by accidents, and mitigate the impact of sudden accidents on the atmosphere, water environment and ecological environment. Stringent environmental safety management should be implemented on the aspect of daily management, thorough emergency measures should be prepared at the same time, so as to respond quickly in the event of an accident, orderly evacuate people and carry out emergency monitoring and rescue.
37 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP
3.2.1 Preventive Measures Concerning General Layout and Architectural Design
In the general layout and the architectural design, relevant preventive measures should be implemented: the seismic fortification intensity of buildings should be 7 degrees; the fire resistance rating of the buildings should not be less than Level II; watery trees are selected to make the plant area green. Hedges and thick bushes should not be planted around production facilities and between roads (especially between firefighting access), and the plant area greening should not hinder firefighting operations; the spacing between buildings within each district and the spacing between different districts should be determined according to the requirements concerning firefighting and fire prevention; there should be safe distance between the warehouse of raw materials and workshop, office and power distribution room, which should comply with the standard requirements of the “Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings” GBJ16-87.
3.2.2 Risk Prevention Strategies and Measures in the Transportation Process
Since the transportation of dangerous materials must be carried out by qualified institutions, it is necessary to be cautious and ensure safety in the transportation process.
To do this, attentions must be paid to the following questions:
(1) Special tanker with good safety performance should be used in the transportation of chemicals, and meanwhile, the tankers must be equipped with necessary anti-poison appliances and fire extinguishers, so as to prevent accidents; transportation routes and time should be arranged rationally. It should avoid densely populated areas and residential areas; meanwhile, the tanker drivers should receive a rigorous training and be qualified.
(2) As for the transportation of dangerous materials, the vehicles and the personnel should be fixed. Fixed vehicles means that the vehicles used to load and transport dangerous materials should be relatively fixed, and specific tanks are recommended to transport different materials. All the containers of hazardous substances, including tank-cars, must be forbidden to carry other things, still more to contain foods. The vehicles
38 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP must be special ones, two-wheeled motorcycle or three-wheeled motorcycle should not be used to carry dangerous materials even in case of emergencies and vehicle shortage. Fixed personnel refers to the fixed personnel involving in management, driving, escorting, loading and unloading, and this arrangement can ensure that the transportation of dangerous materials can always be undertaken by professionals and guarantee the safety of dangerous materials in the transportation process.
(3) As for the dangerous materials, dangerous marks must be pasted on distinct parts the packages according to the “Labels for Packages of Dangerous Goods” (GB190-90), and the dangerous marks should be pasted firmly and correctly. As for the chemicals with a variety of hazardous properties, such as inflammability, toxicity, etc., the corresponding labels for packages should be pasted according to different hazardous characteristics, so that if any problem occurs, a variety of protective measures can be implemented.
(4) In the transportation of dangerous materials, once an accident happens, emergency treatment should be implemented, and at the same time, the accident shall be reported to the public security organs and the environmental protection departments, so as to evacuate the masses and prevent the situation from getting worse, and active assistance shall be given to the public security and transportation personnel and the fire fighters in rescuing the injured and materials, so as to reduce the loss to a minimum.
(5) The drivers and supercargoes of the vehicles that transport toxic and corrosive materials must check whether or not the anti-toxin protective supplies are complete and effective before driving; and they should take initiative actions to prevent the situation from getting worse when finding any leakage in driving; after cutting off the source of leakage, they should report the situation to local public security organ and relevant authorities; if they are not able to deal with the situation, they should promptly report it to local public security organs and relevant authorities and request support.
39 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP
3.2.3 Risk Prevention Measures in the Operation Process
In production process, the “Bans of the Ministry of Chemical Industry on Safety
Production” (41 Bans) issued by the Ministry of Chemical Industry should be strictly enforced. The pipelines used in the production and transportation must be intact, closely connected and leak-free, the remnants in the pipelines must be cleaned periodically, so as to eliminate congestion; when overhauling the pipelines, the sources of material supply and the power for transportation must be cut off, and there shall be the specialized personnel to supervise the maintenance or overhaul sites. During the production and operation processes, safety management must be strengthened, and the measures for preventing accidents must be improved. Sudden pollution accidents, especially major accidents involving toxic chemicals, will cause serious harms to the life and health of on-site people; in addition, such accidents will also directly or indirectly result in huge economic losses, the factors leading to social instability, as well as serious damage to ecological environment. Therefore, it is very import for the enterprises to prevent sudden environmental pollution accidents and improve their emergency treatment and disposal capacity on the aspect of sudden pollution accidents. It is recommended to prepare on the following aspects:
(1) Make a strict check-up on engineering design and construction;
Engineering design includes process design and general plan design. Only rational design can fundamentally improve the working conditions and eliminate major accident potentials. Attentions should be paid to the quality of construction, the arrangement of equipment and the quality of debugging, and the inspection and approval of completed project should be strictly implemented.
In the process design, it should be noted that the automatic and mechanized operations and the remote sensing operations should be adopted for the particularly dangerous and toxic works, and attentions should be paid to the shielding. The selected equipment should comply with the requirements of the “Production Equipment Safety/ Sanitation Design
40 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP
Guideline”, and the management of occupational hazards and supporting safety facilities should be considered.
In the general plan design, attentions should be paid to rational function zoning, some protective belts and green belts should be arranged, and the requirements of the safety regulations should be strictly complied with.
According to the characteristics of this project, this assessment recommends that the following safety precautions should be considered in the future design, construction and operational phases, so as to avoid accidents.
(2) In the design, the national and industrial regulations and standards on labor safety and hygiene should be strictly implemented;
(3) The layout of equipment within the plant should strictly comply with the national norms and regulations relating to fire and explosion protection, adequate safety distance between equipment must be ensured, and the design of fire exits should comply with relevant requirements;
(4) Safe and reliable equipment with advanced technologies should be adopted as much as possible, and necessary safety and health facilities should be established in workshops according to relevant national regulations;
(5) Reliable sealing technology should be adopted on equipment, pipes and pipe fittings, so as to keep the storage and reaction process under sealed conditions and prevent the leakage of materials;
(6) Danger zones should be divided with in the plant in accordance with relevant norms on region classification. The electrical equipment installed in the danger zones should adopt explosion-proof grades according to corresponding regional levels, and all electrical equipment should be grounded;
(7) A fire alarm hotline should be set up in the central control room and the fire protection duty room, so as to ensure unobstructed communication in emergency situations;
41 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP
(8) For the production posts, the cabinets for accident should be set up, and first-aid appliances, lifesaving apparatus, protective masks, goggles, rubber gloves ear plugs and other protective and first-aid tools and supplies should be prepared;
(9) In the places where the facilities is easily polluted by toxic substances, set up emergency washing equipment, eyewash equipment, safety shower heads and other facilities should be installed.
3.2.4 Risk Prevention Measures in the Storage Process
(1) The main plant should adopt an open layout with an enhanced ventilation, the quality control should be strictly implemented when selecting and purchasing a variety of process equipment (valves, flanges, pumps, etc.) and pipelines, and the inspection and maintenance should be strengthened; the “running, emitting, dripping and leaking” of materials in production should be eliminated; the anti-corrosion and explosion-proof electrical equipment should be selected, the power source should be well insulated and well grounded, and electric sparks and static electricity should be prevented.
(2) Before loading and unloading hazardous chemicals, the preparations should be implemented in advance, it is necessary to understand the nature of goods and check whether or not the tools used to load and unload goods are reliable, and the unreliable tools should not be replaced or repaired. If the tools are contaminated by inflammables, organic mattes, acids, alkalis and so on, they must be cleaned before using.
(3) The operator should wear appropriate protective appliances. The protective appliances include overalls, rubber aprons, rubber sleeve cover, rubber gloves, rubber boots, gas masks, filter mouth-muffles, gauze face masks, gauze gloves, goggles, etc..
Before operating, specially-assigned personnel should check whether or not the appliances are in good conditions and are worn properly. After operating, the appliances should be cleaned or disinfected, and then they should be kept in a dedicated bin for safekeeping.
(4) If there is any hazardous chemical spilled on the ground or car plates, it should be
42 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP timely removed; and as for the inflammable and explosive materials, soft material soaked in water should be used to remove these materials.
(5) Drinking or smoking is banned when handling dangerous chemicals. Depending on the working conditions and the nature of dangerous materials, timely wash hands, face, mouth or take a shower after work. Air circulation must be maintained on the scene, if nausea, dizziness and other symptoms of poisoning occur, the victim should immediately go to places with fresh air and have a rest, take off clothing and protective appliances, and wash the contaminated skin; severe cases should be sent to hospital for medical treatment.
(6) For operations in nighttime, there should be explosion-proof or enclosed safety lighting. For operations on rainy and snowy days or frozen conditions, there should be anti-slip measures.
(7) There should be clean water, alkaline agents (such as lime, sodium carbonate, etc.) on the scene, so as to prepare for first aid treatment.
(8) Minimize human contact with the goods’ packages, and after working, wash face and hands and take a shower with soap and water before eating and drinking. The protective appliances and the tools used must be carefully washed.
(9) The emergency acid pump and emergency pool should be set up in the vicinity of the storage tank district, and there should be lime, sand and other emergency supplies.
3.2.5 Hazardous Chemicals Management System
① Purpose: it aims to store, reserve and hand dangerous materials and chemicals in an orderly manner, so as to control the quality and ensure the safety.
② Scope: All hazardous chemicals (sulfuric acid, methanol, etc.);
③ Storage area and environment: as for the storage conditions, darkness, ventilation and moisture protection should be required; the environment under normal temperature
(5~35℃, relative humidity of 45%-85%) is appropriate in the warehouse for storage.
④ Storage regulations: fire-proof, water-proof and pressure-proof; fixed point, fixed
43 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP location and fixed quantity, FIFO (first in first out); the articles should be separated on the shelf or card board, and prevent the packing buckets from rusting. Electric power supply is not allowed in dangerous goods warehouse, and no fire should be allowed in warehouse.
The hazardous chemicals, which have conflicting chemical properties and firefighting methods, should not be kept in the same warehouse (storage room) EJX.
⑤The scrap of hazardous chemicals: the packing buckets, plastic bags and bottles used for hazardous chemicals must be strictly managed after using, they should be recycled and registered in a unified manner and recycled and reused by the suppliers of raw materials; for the scrap of inflammable and explosive goods, an application must be proposed in advance, the comprehensive security measures must be developed, and the scrap must be approved by the safety departments. The waste metal recycling management should be strengthened, all metal containers with hazardous substances should be stored in a dedicated site within the plant area, and they should be recycled and utilized by the raw material suppliers.
⑥Safety measures: in order to store hazardous chemicals, the principle of “three keep away, one prohibit” must be complied with, that is to keep fire away, keep water source away, keep electric source away, as well as prohibit mixed stacking. If hazardous chemicals and combustible and explosive materials need to enter designated areas, special personnel must be responsible for safekeeping. The fire control facilities shall be provided for safety according to the standards promulgated by the fire departments, and monthly checks should be carried out regularly, so as to ensure the effectiveness of function. The storekeepers in dangerous goods warehouse should have a strong sense of responsibility and be specially trained, they should be familiar with the nature of dangerous goods and the common sense of safety management, and there should be protective appliances and instruments according to the scope of the management of hazardous chemicals.
44 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP
3.2.6 Emergency Measures for Accidents
(1) Leakage of sulfuric acid
① Leakage of sulfuric acid: The personnel in leakage contaminated areas should be rapidly evacuated to a safe area and be isolated, and access should be restricted. The emergency personnel are recommended to wear positive-pressure breathing apparatus and acid-proof overalls. Do not directly touch the leakage. If possible, cut off the source of leakage. A small amount of leakage: the leakage should be mixed with sand, dry lime or soda ash, it can also be rinsed with plenty of water, and it should be discharged into the production wastewater collection tank after diluted with water and then reused in the production. A large amount of leakage: it should be transferred into an emergency storage pit by using a pump for temporary storage, and then it can be used in the production or be discharged after neutralizing treatment with alkali.
② Fire protection: when a place with sulfuric acid catch fire, it is better to use water mist, foam, CO2 and dry powder in fire extinguishing, and protective clothing should be worn in the firefighting.
③ First aid: immediately take off the clothes that are stained with sulfuric acid, and wash contaminated skin with water. A severely burned patient should lie in his/her back, keep the whole body warm, and the patient should not be applied medical ointments without the doctor’s permission. If sulfuric acid is splashed into eyes, the eyes must be flushed with plenty of water for more than 15 minutes, and then 2-3 drops of 0.5% tetracaine or other local anesthetics shall be applied into the eyes. If concentrated sulfuric acid is swallowed by mistake, do not induce vomiting; do not put any object inside the mouth of a patient in a state of coma, wash the patient’s mouth with plenty of water after waking up, and then let the patient drink milk mixed with egg whites; the patients in severe cases should be sent to a hospital for medical treatment.
(2) Leakage of methanol
① In case of leakage in large amount, cut off relevant valves as soon as possible, find
45 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP the leaking points, try to stop the leaking, and timely report the situation to relevant departments in workshops and the departments of safety and environmental protection.
② If the leakage of methanol is on fire and the fire is still controllable, cut off the leaking points rapidly, organize evacuation as soon as possible, and call 119 within the plant to obtain on-site assistances of fir department and gas protection department.
③ If there is a large amount of methanol leakage and the leakage is still not on fire immediately, then the situation is more dangerous; the personnel should be calm, wear protective clothing (anti-static suit), and decisively close all valves connecting to the environment outside. Immediately stop the ongoing hot work or high-place operation, and organize evacuation. Block the roads, and rinse the leaking methanol with plenty of water.
④ Once a fire or an explosion occurs, the alarm should be sounded timely, and rational disposal and clear division of labor must be implemented.
⑤ The fire brigade should waste no time in rushing to the site of accident, spray water to cool the burning storage tanks, extinguish the flames within methanol tanks with foam cans, if necessary. Contact the professional local fire-fighting team to participate in on-site firefighting whenever necessary, and control the roads within plant and evacuate vehicles and people.
⑥ The production department (dispatching room) shall be responsible for the communications concerning production when dealing with the accidents, it should ask the workshop sections without any accident to stop production, ensure water supply, gas supply on the accident scene, and control the power supply in the accident area by contacting relevant departments.
⑦ the department of safety and environmental protection shall be responsible for the coordination of rescue, it should collect the raw data on accidents, timely analyze the accident state and the likelihood of accident expansion, and share information, so as to carry out the rescue in an intense and orderly manner.
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3.3 Accident Emergency Rescue Plan and Monitoring
3.3.1 The accident should plan
(1) Counter-measures for chemical risk prevention
The chemical risks of the company mainly occur in the storage, transportation and use of hazardous chemicals, and the company strictly implements the requirements of the
“Regulations on the Safety Administration of Dangerous Chemicals” (2002, Decree No.
344 of the State Council) and the GB15603-1995 “General Principles Concerning the
Storage of Commonly Used Hazardous Chemicals”.
a. The storage sites comply with the conditions for fire control.
b. The production responsibility system concerning specially-assigned persons has been improved. The responsibilities is clarified, enhance the inspections in the areas with inflammable and explosive materials and facilities, such as the areas involving the production of main chemicals, key warehouses and important equipment.
c. The warehouse staff should pass occupational examinations and obtain related certificates before working. Custody staff should check for three times a day, which means that they should check after starting work, at work and before going off from work: They should check whether or not the stacking is firm, whether or not there are leaks in packages, as well as whether or not the power supply is safe. They should identify problems in time and eliminate hidden dangers.
d. The industrial hygiene, environmental monitoring and management systems have been improved. The normal operation of the plant has been managed. When accident occurs, emergency antitoxic monitoring, antitoxic guidance and the rescuing of poisoned people should be carried out.
e. The lightning protection measures for metal tanks should be checked regularly.
f. All pipelines for chemicals should be tested under pressure before the production, so as to ensure no leakage before putting into production; phenomenon; and
47 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP non-destructive test of pipelines should be carried out regularly.
g. A weathercock should be set up in the chemical plant, so as to measure wind speed and direction, and the communication facilities for emergency alarm should also be set up.
( 2 ) Accident in sewage treatment plant
The company has developed the “Emergency Response Plan for Wastewater
Treatment Accidents”, when any accident occurs in the sewage treatment plant, the following steps should be implemented:
The first step: When an accident happens, the water supply and discharge department should immediately report the accident to the company's environmental protection office and the production scheduling room by phone, and the production scheduling room should immediately telephone the chief commander of the emergency rescue headquarters (report to the deputy commander in absence of the chief commander).The chief commander should immediately order the member institutions to rush to the scene of the accident, and different emergency treatments should be implemented depending on the following accident causes.
① The aerobic wastewater treatment facilities may not work correctly due to the faults in coarse bar screen, fine bar screen and equipment for aerobic wastewater treatment, so that there may be accidents caused by direct discharge of wastewater generated in pulping without effective treatment:
A. If the fault cannot be eliminated within 24 hours, then with the chief commander’s approval, the emergency rescue headquarters should arrange the company to shut down the chemical wood pulp production line and the chemical reed pulp production line until the fault is eliminated.
B. If the fault cannot be eliminated within 48 hours, then with the chief commander’s approval, the emergency rescue headquarters should arrange the company to shut down all the pulp production lines until the fault is eliminated.
② Due to the improper control of wastewater treatment process, the discharged
48 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP wastewater may not reach the required standards for more than 24 hours: immediately determine the cause of the failure, and with the chief commander’s approval, the emergency rescue headquarters should arrange the company to shut down the chemical wood pulp production line and the chemical reed pulp production line until the fault is eliminated.
③ Due to abnormal wastewater discharge from relevant production workshops, the pollutant load of wastewater into the wastewater treatment facilities may be too high, thus the discharged wastewater cannot reach the required standards for more than 24 hours: immediately determine the cause of the failure, and with the chief commander’s approval, the emergency rescue headquarters should arrange the company to shut down the production lines in the trouble-causing workshops until the fault is eliminated.
④Abnormal wastewater discharge caused by anaerobic wastewater treatment:
A. Due to the improper control of anaerobic wastewater treatment process, the pollutant load of wastewater into the anaerobic facility may exceed the requirements, thus the discharged wastewater cannot reach the required standards. Immediately determine the cause of the failure, and with the chief commander’s approval, the emergency rescue headquarters should arrange the chemical-mechanical pulping workshop to reduce its output and discharge its wastewater directly into the gutters for aerobic treatment, or stop production.
B. If the fault is caused by the failure in chemical-mechanical pulping, which make the anaerobic treatment cannot work well, the cause of the failure should be determined immediately, and with the chief commander’s approval, the emergency rescue headquarters should arrange the chemical-mechanical pulping workshop to reduce its output or stop production.
The second step: when the accident occurs, the environmental protection office should immediately report it to Yuanjiang Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau by phone.
The third step: after the treatment of any source of accident, the facilities should resume
49 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP operation with the confirmation of the rescue team.
(3) Failure in dust remover
The emergency plan for failure in dust remover is as follows:
The first step: When an accident occurs, the accident should be immediately reported to the company's production scheduling room by phone, the production scheduling room should immediately telephone the chief commander of the emergency rescue headquarters
(report to the deputy commander in absence of the chief commander). The chief commander should immediately order the member institutions to rush to the scene of the accident, and different emergency treatments should be implemented depending on the following accident causes.
① When the following faults occur, immediately stop the faulty equipment until the faults are eliminated;
A. Electrical faults: a. The rectifier transformer produces a lot of heat, or there are obvious flashover, arcing and vibration within the equipment; b. The power supply unit is out of control, and big current impact occurs; c. The electrical equipment is on fire; d. Other situations that seriously threat the safety of personal and equipment.
B. Mechanical failure a. Short circuit; b. The heteropole distance within electric field reduces severely, arc discharge lasts in electric field; c. Failure in ash discharge system.
② Take stopping equipment into account, until the failure is eliminated
A. Electrical failure a. The rectifier transformer produces a lot of heat; b. Biased excitation in power supply unit;
50 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP c. Thyristor produces a lot of heat; d. The insulation on the high-voltage side is lower.
B. Mechanical failure: a. Ash bucket clogging; b. Burning oil in boiler.
The second step: treatment after electric precipitation fault:
A. The electric precipitation operator on duty should report to the workshop immediately and require the run the boiler with lower pressure;
B. Notice the monitor on duty for running boiler;
C. Shut the disc valve of the faulty electric field to prevent the direct smoke emission;
D. The electric precipitation monitor should contact relevant personnel to repair the faulty electric field;
E. Restore normal operation of the electrostatic precipitator as soon as possible;
F. If the thermal power plant cannot eliminate the above faults within 24 hours, the monitor on duty should report to the deputy plant manager in charge of the thermal power plant and the emergency rescue headquarters, and switch to the standby boiler.
The third step: after the treatment of any source of accident, the facilities should resume operation with the confirmation of the rescue team.
3.3.2 Emergency Monitoring
The staff must adhere to the principle of “prevention first, taking the initiative, focusing on prevention” and work earnestly to prepare for emergency monitoring of pollution emergencies, the monitoring personnel should prepare to rush to the scene whenever necessary, the laboratory should prepare for analysis and testing whenever necessary, and the on-site testing equipment should be debugged. All of these preparations can guarantee that in case of pollution emergencies, the personnel can be deployed to rush to the scene and quickly carry out monitoring. The on-site measurement should be done if
51 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP possible, and necessary off-site measurement should be done immediately through the analysis and testing in laboratories according to the samples collected, so as to ensure the timely reporting of data, thus emergency measures can be taken to prevent the accidental discharge and damage.
This project focuses on the air pollution emergency monitoring.
(1) Atmospheric emergency monitoring
Atmospheric emergency monitoring points should be established around the accident polluted area and in the nearby residential areas, key monitoring points should be located within the downwind scope that may be affected by the accident contaminated area, and the evacuation of the masses should be organized, if the monitoring factors at the pollution emergency monitoring points exceed relevant standards of the State.
C. Monitoring time
From the occurrence of the pollution incident to its end, the monitoring should be carried out twice a day.
D. Sampling and analysis methods for monitoring
Implement according to relevant national regulations and standards, so as to meet the data validity.
(2) Surface water emergency monitoring
In case of an accident involving contaminated surface water, the water body should be monitored according to special circumstances, and attentions should be paid to water safety. In case of human and animal water use, the masses should be noticed to suspense the water use, and they should get the water after the elimination of danger.
3.3.3 Emergency Rescue Safeguards
(1) Financial security: special funds for pollution emergency should be allocated, so as to purchase emergency facilities, equipment and apparatuses and carry out daily publicity, training and exercises, and this should be regarded as a safeguard to the emergency funds
52 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP for sudden environmental pollution.
(2) Equipment Support: the plant should prepare a number of emergency relief supplies and be equipped with appropriate safety and fire protection equipment, and it should carry out daily maintenance, so as to provide equipment support to environmental emergency response.
(3) Support to communications and human resources: ensure effective communications within the whole plant, the members of major emergency rescue organization should be equipped with appropriate communication tools, and effective communications 24 hours a day must be ensured, so that the emergency personnel and rescue equipment supplies can be in place in time.
(4) Publicity, training and exercises: the publicity on the prevention of pollution emergencies should be enhanced usually, and local fire department should be invited to give technical guidance and training to the members of the company’s emergency response leading group and staff, the “Environmental Emergency Handbook” should be distributed, and an emergency drills should be carried out every six months. Targeted science publicity, education and training, as well as relevant information should be given to the public around the plant, so as to enhance the masses’ awareness of self-protection, self-help and mutual aid.
3.3.4 Aftermaths of Pollution Accident
After controlling the environmental emergencies, the following aftermaths should be treated simultaneously:
(1) Promptly investigate the cause of environmental pollution accidents, describe the basic situation of pollution incident in a qualitative and quantitative manner, assess the entire incident, and investigate and punish the relevant people for dereliction of duty and causing serious consequences.
(2) Collect relevant data for record, including the nature, parameters and
53 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP consequences of the accident, decision records, and information analysis and so on, and summarize the works, so as to provide a basis for the command authorities to make decisions on preventing environmental emergencies.
(3) Rescue and appease the injured workers or the masses, and formulate the corresponding compensation plans and deal with other aftermaths;
(4) Check and repair the damaged facilities and equipments, resume production when the facilities and equipment are able to work normally again.
4．Public communication mechanism for environmental protection
4.1 Major concerns from the public
(1) The company shall invest adequate capital in environmental protection, be committed to environmental protection projects and make sure that the pollutants can reach the standards. Especially in strengthening the prevention and control of the waste water during paper-making, the company shall guarantee that the waste water discharged meet the standards.
(2) Local environmental protection authorities shall enhance the supervision over the company and urge the company to implement all types of environmental measures during operation.
(3) All the production activities of the company shall be carried out on the premise of not damaging local residents’ health and local environment. If the damages do exist, active and effective measures shall be taken by the local government, environmental protection department and the company to decrease the adverse impact to the lowest point.
4.2 Public communication plan for environmental protection
(1) The company shall strengthen publicity, communicate with the public on the construction situation of the project and environmental protection measures, eliminate
54 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP local residents’ worry about the “the three wastes” pollution, try to win the understanding of them and coordinate the relationship with them.
(2) The company shall carry out all types of environmental protection measures, ensure the capital of pollution prevention and control will be in place, and the special funds shall be used for the intended purpose. After being constructed and put into use, the factory shall ensure that all the environmental protection measures are running and the pollutants meet the standards.
(3) A mailbox and an anteroom shall be set to receive the supervision from the residents of the community. Corrections and management work shall be carried in response to the complaints from the public.
(4) The information of the phone number (0730-2491235) and contact person (General
Manager Yu from Linyuan Paper Industry Co., Ltd.) of the enterprises shall be disclosed to the public as a communication channel with the public during construction and operation period.
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5. Environmental Management Responsibility
5.1 Management Organization and Responsibility Assignment
The project must set up an environmental protection and management institution to fulfill the leading responsibilities. Professional environmental management personnel shall be designated to be responsible for environmental supervision and management, and management personnel shall receive environmental protection training.
The General Manager of, MCC Meili Paper Industry Co., Ltd, the construction company of the project shall continue to take the position of the first person in charge of environmental protection and cleaner production, responsible for the environmental management in the whole factory. Meanwhile, the sub-factory of environmental protection affiliated to environmental protection management department of the company shall continue to be responsible for the coordination and contact with higher level environmental protection department, overall environmental quality, normal operation of environmental protection projects, environmental protection management and environmental monitoring work in technical renovation and project expansion process.
Environmental protection sub-factory designates specific management staffs for material preparation section, cooking section and extraction and screening section, bleaching section of pulp making system, 2#closed screening technology renovation section of pulp making system, evaporation section of alkali recover furnace, chlorine dioxide preparation section, raw material storage yard, chemical storage warehouse, finished products warehouse, heat and power station, waste water treatment station, responsible for the supervision and checking of pollutant source control and environmental protection facilities, which has been incorporated in environmental management system of the construction company. Refer to figure 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 for organizations of environmental protection management and environmental protection sub-factory.
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Transfer environmental management plan
Supervise Leader responsible for implementation of environmental environmental management protection measures Personnel responsible for environmental management in all departments Assistance (implementing environmental Feedback of management plan) implementation result 2-3 people responsible for environmental management
Figure: 5.1.1 Organizations of environmental protection management
Manager of environmental protection sub-factory
Secretary of environmental protection
sub-factory
Vice-Manager of environmental protection sub-factory Chief engineer of environmental protection sub-factory
Pollutant generation unit Pollutant Administrative Material Financial
treatment unit office department department
Figure 5.1.2 Organizations of environmental protection sub-factory.
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5.2 Environmental Supervision
The sub-factory of environmental protection, as comprehensive environmental protection management department, is responsible for supervising and managing the implementation of environmental protection measures of the whole project, undertaking the comprehensive responsibility for the regional environmental quality. Environmental protection sub-factory needs to accept the supervision, inspection and guidance of higher level environmental protection department. The specific functions of environmental protection sub-factory of environmental management include the following:
(1) Responsible for all types of environmental protection work;
(2) Implementing laws, policies and standards concerning environmental protection;
(3) Stipulating and organizing implementation of environmental protection plan;
(4) Based on relevant national and local construction management requirements and
construction operation standards and in considering the characteristics of the
project, stipulating environmental management rules for construction, supervising
the implementation of relevant rules, receiving and solving the opinions of nearby
residents on environmental protection during construction period, and
coordinating with the construction company
(5) Regularly supervising and inspecting the running of environmental protection
facilities, taking the lead in the maintenance work of environmental protection
facilities, such as waste water treatment station, etc.
(6) Organizing the stipulation of rules and systems concerning environmental
protection and management, operation procedures of key pollution positions, and
supervise the implementation.
(7) Organizing professional and technical training on environmental protection, and
conducting regular education and publicity on environmental protection
knowledge so as to improve the environmental protection awareness of staffs and
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the consciousness of staffs to actively protect environment.
(8) Participating in the inspection and acceptance of environmental protection of the
project and investigation of environmental pollution accident.
(9) Promoting the application of advanced technology and experience on
environmental protection.
(10) Responsible for the environment supervision tasks assigned by the higher
department and relative department and solving the contamination problem
together with relative department.
(11) Responsible for the environmental pollution analysis and decision-making
during accidents. If necessary, designing institutions and relevant expert shall be
invited to participate in the analysis and decision.
(12) In addition to the environmental protection work of this project, it shall also
accept the inspection and supervision of environmental protection department and
report the implementation situation of each environmental management work.
5.3 Management of Contractors
(1) The guidelines of “three simultaneities” must be implemented during project construction. The construction company must ensure that the facilities preventing pollution and other public hazard shall be designed, constructed and put into operation at the same time with the main project. Upon the completion of the project, the completion, inspection and acceptance report of specific inspection and acceptance report with the content of environmental protection shall be submitted to environmental protection department. The project can only be used after the inspection of environmental protection department.
(2) Application of pollutant discharge should timely be submitted to local environmental protection department according to national and local provisions on environmental protection. And pollutants shall be discharged based on distributed quotation after approval of environmental protection department.
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(3) The statistics of environmental monitoring data should be enhanced; complete documents on pollution source and materials loss should set up; the total discharge load of pollutants should be controlled so as to ensure the pollutant discharge indicators meet the design requirements.
(4) Strengthen supervision and management of environmental protection facilities; establish complete technical documents on running, maintenance and repair of environmental protection facilities; strengthen technical training to operators of environmental protection facilities; ensure normal running of environmental protection facilities and continuous emission of pollutant after meeting the requirements.
(5) Strengthen monitoring of abnormal working situation such as operation start and stop, and nearby environment, stipulate effective measures to control pollution expansion and prevent pollution accidents.
(6) Take requirements for environmental protection into consideration during the stipulation of products standards, process documents and operation procedures.
(7) Conduct environmental education to improve the environmental awareness of cadre and staff to enable active effort for environmental protection.
(8) Incorporate environmental protection into position responsibility system and uniform scoring, into production dispatch, to enable all departments to complete environmental protection tasks through advance, check, praise, reward and punish with administrative methods.
(9) Incorporate environmental management into overall plan of enterprise management to achieve the goal of pollution reduction, energy conservation and consumption reduction, and environmental protection through running and continuous improvement of environmental management system, thus to improve the environmental and economic benefit of the enterprise.
6. Environmental Monitoring Plan
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6.1 Environmental Monitoring Plan
The key to environmental protection is environmental management. Experience has proved that environmental management is as important as enterprise planning, production, product quality, technology and finance. They are all important parts in enterprise management. Good and effective environmental management plays an active role in improving environment, economic and social efficiency.
The basic task of environmental management is to protect the environment, rely on cleaner production so as to improve productivity and economic efficiency. Therefore, the environmental management shall be strengthened to ensure the facilities dealing with the
“three wastes” operate well so that the company could realize coordinated development and virtuous cycle for economic, environment and social benefit.
Linyuan Paper Industry Co., Ltd has formed a relatively perfect environmental management system. According to the features of production organization and the requirements of environmental protection, the enterprise designates a vice manager to be responsible for environmental protection, supervise the factory’s environmental management and the facilities’ operation. In addition, it sets specific environmental protection office supporting vice manager. The specific contents of environmental protection works consist of the reduction and control of solid wastes, the control and dispose of waste gas and water and the control of the noise.
6.2 Objectives of Environmental Monitoring
With the improvement of the public consciousness on environmental protection, the impact of this project on local environment quality draws the attention from the society.
The environmental supervision and management become more important. To guarantee pollutant dispose of the project strictly follow the requirements of national environmental protection regulations and the EIA Report, the company shall form effective environmental management and monitoring institute or be monitored by qualified units to
61 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP realize coordinating development in environment, production and economy.
6.3 Project Supervision and Control Scheme
Technical renovation project has a large production scale and relates to many relevant production sectors. According to the species and output of the production, the automatic supervision and control plan is the following: based on the framework of the integration of management and control, wide-spread, advanced and reliable DCS system is installed in the workshop of pulping, paper making, waste water treatment and electrical heating project. Meanwhile, a network system is connected with all production control systems and department management systems. The management personnel can know all information in the process of production, pollutant discharge, abnormal discharge (such as spillage, leakage and facility breakdown) through network exchanging data and information. They shall implement production scheduling and maintenance. Each workshop can also exchange information to optimize production, reduce wastes discharge, and ensure the control on pollution and normal function of treatment facilities. This plan will benefit the production process to meet the requirement of workmanship design, give play to the excellent properties of advanced production facilities and benefit management department to meet intended economic and environmental protection effective target.
6.3.1 Present Monitoring Plan
At present, the company monitors the discharge outlets of each workshop and the factory’s waste water five times a week including items of COD of waste water, SS, pH and flow amount. Besides, the enterprise authorizes Yuanjiang environmental monitoring station to monitor the inlets and outlets of the facilities of paper pulp and waste water treatment and monitor the discharge outlet of the enterprise once a season, lasting two days each time. The comprehensive monitoring items are pH, chroma, SS, BOD5, CODcr, ammonia nitrogen, volatile phenol and drainage volume.
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6.3.2 Monitoring Plan during Operation Period after Technical Renovation Technical renovation project includes technical renovation in chemical reed pulp and the construction of a new oxygen production and station and a chlorine dioxide production station. During the running of each production process, they will generate different environmental impact factors such as water, gas and noises. In line with the features of the project and requirements of the environmental management, environmental monitoring plans should be formulated for environmental impact factors like water, gas and noises.
Yuanjiang environment monitoring station is entrusted to conduct daily environmental monitoring. Refer to table 6-1 for the plan of the enterprise after technical renovation. In order to effectively understand and control the “three wastes”, conduct regular monitoring and statistics of the enterprise’s pollutant sources like water, gas, sediment and noise, separate monitoring and statistics of water pollutants (such as pH, CODcr, BOD5, SS, ammonia nitrogen, volatile phenol), the emission amount and concentration of exhaust gas like boiler gas, solid waste volume and noise intensity shall be conducted to provide evidence for the treatment of the “three wastes” and cleaner production. In addition, the frequency of the monitoring shall be added in accidents or abnormal working condition till the surrounding environment quality stabilizes.
Table 6-1 Environmental monitoring content during operation period of the project Monito Expence Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring ring Monitoring factors (CNY) position item frequency institute period constru Two sites at the TSP Once ction Construction dust east boundry of the every two 3000 （one mill months year） Construction / / / Third party wastewater Four sites around LeqdB(A) Once Construction noise the mill every two 2000 months subtotal 5000
63 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP operati pH, SS, 20000 Continuous on CODCr, 企业运行， automatic AOX, 沅江市环境 on-line BOD5, 监测站校验 monitoring NH3-N Inlet and outlet of waste pH, SS, 40000 Once a water treatment station CODCr, （supervi Waste season, four Yuanjiang NH3-N, sory water times a environment AOX, monitorin monitorin year, monitoring BOD5, gby the g random station waste water governm checking amount ent） Moisture 10000 Once a day Yuanjiang contenc Outlet sludge of waste environment Ratio of water treatment station monitoring organic and At random station inorganic Polluti Continuous 20000 on automatic （supervi source on-lie sory monit Chimney of monitoring, Yuanjiang monitorin oring circulating Once a environment gby the fluidized bed season, four monitoring governm boiler times a station ent） year, fugitive Dust, SO 2, random emission NOx check Waste gas 20000 Once a monitorin （supervi Chimney of season, four g sory alkali times a monitorin recover year, gby the boiler random governm check ent） The east, Once a Third party 10000 south, west season, four or Non-fugiti H2S, and north of times a Yuanjiang ve Ammonia, pulping year, environment emission dust workshop random monitoring The east, check station
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south, west and north of waste water treatment station Third party 2000 Equivalent or Noise One meter outside continuous Two times Yuanjiang monitorin factory boundary sound level a year environment g A monitoring station boiler ash 30000 white bole recovered from alkali Comprehen Third party Sludge in pollutant sive Once a or treatment station utilization month Solid Pulp residue in pulping and Yuanjiang wastes workshop treatment environment chlorine dioxide for mirabilite salt monitoring Once a year station 15000 Ground Solid waste landfill or at water random
Environm Air environment in the SO2, NO2, Two times 10000
Enviro ent gas factory TSP, PM10 a year nment One time in 15000 al pH, normal Yuanjiang qualit Chroma, water environment 500 meters upstream to y Surface COD, period monitoring 300 meters downstream monit water NH3-N, and one station of Caowei River oring AOX, time in low
BOD5, SS water period subtotal 182000 total 187000 Considering that Hunan monitoring center is not able to detect dioxin, Linyuan paper promised to entrust qualified unit to monitor dioxin during the demonstration period.
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The monitoring plan on solid wastes is the following:
Linyuan company shall monitor water content of the sludge in the sludge dewatering room of waste water treatment workshop every day, monitor organic and inorganic sludge ratio irregularly, adjust the process of the sedimentation tanks and secondary settling tank timely according to its dehydration situation to ensure the meeting of the requirements of sludge dewatering rate
According to World Bank’s requirements, during the implementation of the project, the tracking and monitoring made by Linyuan Paper Industry Co., Ltd in Yiyang shall hand in its one and a half year’s report every six months and have it be submitted to the
World Bank.
6.3.3 Emergency Monitoring Project after Technical Renovation
The principle of "prevention first, taking the initiative, focusing on prevention" shall be followed, preparation should be made for emergency monitoring of pollution accidents, and monitoring personnel shall arrive at the scene at any time. Laboratory analysis and testing shall be well prepared for use at any time and on-site testing equipment is commissioning well. Once there are pollution accidents, relevant personnel can be transferred to the scene and carry out monitoring work immediately. On-site measurement shall be deployed immediately and samples shall be taken to the laboratory to be analyzed immediately once they could not be tested on site. The data shall be reported to the superior authority in time in order to take emergency measures to prevent the accidental discharge and damages.
7. Environmental Training Plan
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7.1 On-job Training for Environmental Management Personnel The goal of the on-job training for the environmental management personnel is to strengthen environmental management during construction period and operation period, guarantee environmental monitoring quality and practical and effective environmental management and then improve the quality of the project. The environmental management personnel shall have the knowledge to distinguish major environmental problems in construction period and understand the problems and weaknesses in environmental management.
The construction company entrusts qualified institutions to carry out training for the full-time and part-time staff of construction unit and supervision unit. Target participants are technical responsible persons and full-time management personnel of construction and supervision units. The training content shall include the following aspects: relevant environmental protection and water and soil conservation laws, regulations, documents and requirements of the state and Hunan province, environmental protection measures proposed by the company’s design and requirements during the construction period and the environmental protection guideline during construction period of this project. The training course could invite chief leaders of environmental protection bureaus and environmental designing institution, and experts from the supervision and monitoring companies.
7.2 Training of Construction Personnel
Before the commencement of the project, the project construction responsible people and workers from the company which won the bid shall receive systematic training on environment professional knowledge to avoid damaging the environment by wrong operation during the construction period. The goal of training the responsible people is to make clear of the responsibility of the construction company to protect the environment.
The goal of training the workers is to standardize the correct operating mode during the
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construction period and operation period to avoid the unnecessary damages to the
environment by their activities. The training responsibility for the project responsible
people and workers lies with the project environmental protection responsible people.
Their main task is to explain the possible damages during the project’s construction period
and the environmental protection measures and treatment methods for the environment
problems. The project responsible people shall understand their obligations in
environmental protection and the possible outcome brought by environment damages and
the workers shall directly understand protective degree and methods of the sensitive point
of the environment through the training. According to the practical condition, the training
for the workers will last one week.
7.3 Staff Training during Operation
During the operation period of the project, regular environmental protection
knowledge training shall be held to help the staff deal with possible environment problems
and take necessary measures. Each staff shall have the idea to protect the environment.
Environmental protection department shall entrust professors from universities, scientific research institutes and operation management units to provide training to new full-time and part-time environmental protection staffs during operation period. Relevant environmental experts form university and research institutes could be invited to provide training, or the staff can also go to short term training course listed in table 7-1.
Table 7-1 List of trainees and expense during construction and operation period Expense (10 Phase Trainee Number of trainee Content Time thousand RMB) Chief responsible Laws regulations, , person from environmental construction enterprise, protection measures 4 3-7 days before 1 Constructio environmental and requirements construction n period protection and special during construction starts people from Linyuan period, and Workers 50 environmental 2 Supervision engineer 2 protection guidance 0.5 Operation Environmental 5 Laws regulations, , 7-14 day before 1.0
68 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP period management staff environmental operation protection measures and requirements, environmental protection guidance during operation period Laws regulations, , environmental protection measures and requirements, Environmental work regular maintenance 10 1.0 staff of environmental protection facilities, collection and analysis of monitoring data Risk impact, risk Emergency response prevention measures 2 0.5 staff and emergency response plan Organize sum-up, communication, discussion and Regular or Daily training for the All production and report activities of interim 2 enterprise staff management staff the factory, convention workshops and groups Total 8
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8. Plan Concerning Environmental Management
8.1 Corporate Environmental Management
8.1.1Environmental Management Institution
Environmental management is an important part in enterprise management. The development of the society and the globalization of the economy have proposed higher requirement for the environmental management and environment consciousness to develop production, increase economic benefits and protect the environment.
Therefore, conducting research on pollution, monitoring the environment, checking up and understanding current discharge and pollution situation and developing trend of the “three wastes” and establishing pollutant source record shall provide information for solving big environment problems and conducting comprehensive treatment. The enterprise has formed an environmental management committee. The general of the enterprise is the director of the committee and the chief persons from each company are the members of the committee. The chief engineer is in charge of environmental protection while the safety and environmental protection department is responsible for daily environmental protection management including the reduction and control of solid wastes, the control and disposal of waste gas and water and the control of the noise.
8.1.2 Environmental Management System
The enterprise has formed an environmental protection responsibility system. In this system, the project lies with the general manager, inspected and supervised by safety and environmental protection department and routinely inspected by each unit and construction section. It shall form an environmental management network incorporating all the enterprise’s environmental protection facilities and relevant staff so that each environmental facility will be cared by specific people. The working system of the enterprise is that people work four days a week and three shifts a day. The production and environmental protection facilities shall be controlled, on-site inspected and checked daily.
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The problems shall be reported timely to ensure the pollutants discharge can attain the standards.
Enterprise has formulated and perfected environmental management system. It proposes the guideline of “observing the discipline and law, energy conservation, consumption reduction, clean production and realizing sustainable development” and makes relevant environment goal to reward the good and punish the bad according to monthly assessment. In the area of pollution control, the enterprise has formulated a series of environmental protection programmes like Procedures of Identifying and Assessing
Environmental Factors, Waste Water Treatment Control Programme, Boiler Smoke
Emission Control Programme, Noise Control Programme, Solid Wastes Control
Programme, Resources and Energy Conservation and Control Programme, Chemicals
Management Programme, Radiative Device Management Programme, Emergency
Preparation and Respond Programme etc. All these programs are functioning well at present. In addition, to carry out the responsibility of environmental protection responsible people and staff, daily inspection shall be conducted and the appraisal results shall be included in middle-level leader performance.
8.2 Environmental Management Measures
8.2.1 Environmental Management Measures during Construction Period
Environmental management during the construction period includes a three level management system of construction units, construction company and supervision units, and each unit shall attach great importance to environmental protection works: the construction units shall have full consideration of the environmental protection project quality and project advantages in tendering, inspect environmental protection works at any time, eliminate environmental protection risks and be responsible for the coordination with environmental protection department. Supervision units shall not only be responsible
71 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP for the engineering quality, but also designate special personnel to take charge of environmental protection supervision. These staff shall strictly check the construction quality of each environmental protection project according to local and national environmental impact assessment documents and supervise environmental protection measures taken by construction company in construction period. The action of the construction units has a direct impact on the environment, so the construction units shall cooperate with construction units and supervision units to do a good job of environmental protection in project construction, work out a specific environmental protection plan and take measures to mitigate waste water, dust, solid wastes and noise generated in construction period. In addition, the education and training of workers shall be strengthened so as to improve environmental awareness, advocate civilized construction and environment friendly construction.
8.2.2 Environment Management during Operation Period
This project has a relatively high production management requirement with a large number of comprehensive environmental protection treatment facilities. Some of the facilities are advanced ones requiring high level management. Construction units shall regulate the environmental protection management institutes in the whole factory in accordance with the project requirement and improve the factory’s environmental management system. After the project is put into operation, further work should be strengthened in the following aspects in line with the features of this project: (1) Establishing and improving the environmental regulations, establishing environmental protection responsibility system as well as awarding and penalizing measures. (2) Identifying the goal of environmental management of the factory and conduct supervision and assessment on each workshop, department and operating position. (3) Establishing and improving the environmental protection files including EIA report, environmental engineering inspection and acceptance report, pollutant monitoring report,
72 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP environmental protection facilities and their operating record; conducting work of statistics, supervision and monitoring of the environment and the reporting and filing of other environmental materials. (4) Collecting relevant pollutant discharge standards, environmental protection regulations and environmental protection technical materials. (5) Implementing the principle of "three simultaneities" for environmental facilities and conducting on-site environmental protection during the construction period of the project. (6) Improving the coordinated management of environmental protection facilities and main production equipment so that the intactness and operation ratio of pollution prevention facilities could fit with major production equipment. All the facilities and equipment shall be operated and overhauled at the same time. When pollution prevention and control facilities break down, emergency measures shall be taken to make remediation and prevent the expansion of the pollution accident. (7) Responsible for handling sudden pollution accidents and tracing the cause and potential dangers of the accident (8) Responsible for organizing and coordinating environmental protection and environmental monitoring of each workshop; identifying responsibility system of environmental targets according to the requirements from local environmental protection department, and conducting supervision and assessment over each workshop and department. (9) Cooperating with each other to make the comprehensive utilization of the waste, conduct cleaner production and control the total discharge load of pollutants. (10) Conducting regular training on staff safety, environmental protection education and environmental protection technology etc. (11) Conducting the following environmental management work during the construction period of the project: organizing environmental management and monitoring during the construction, formulating periodic environment quality reports and submitting them to the superior environmental management departments, preventing ecological destruction and pollution during the construction, being prepared for sudden accidents; in the late construction period, organizing the recovery and improvement work of ecological
73 Linyuan Paper Mill Renovation EMP environment such as the environment recovery of the construction site and planting trees in the construction area. Refer to 8-1 for the major environmental impact and relevant mitigation measures.
Table 8-1 major environmental impact and relevant mitigation measures Super Project Executing Monitorin Impact area Possible impact Suggesting mitigation measures visio stage unit g unit n unit Design Pulp bleaching / Waste water discharge Apply ECF bleaching technology / period method choosing This project plan to take the position of former machine maintenance yard The occupation and and machine pulp / exploitation of the land workshop which are all located in the factory Huna without occupation of new n land Envir Dust, vehicle exhaust, onme waste water, spoil ntal Hunan Strictly follow on-site regulations, reduce noise Construction problems construction wastes from Prote Environm pollutant sources, make rational layout on-site construction and noise ction ental Linyuan from mechanical facilities Depa Monitorin Paper Dismantle of scrap Environment, safety and Be implemented by qualified unit to ensure safety rtmen g Central Constructi Industry facilities health risks transfer and disposition of the facilities t, Station, on period Co., Ltd Better control the process more likely to produce Yiya Yiyang Air quality control Dust and vehicle exhaust dust, reduce dust in material usage and storage ng Environm Waste water including Envir ental precipitation and well To use car washing water and concrete drainage onme Monitorin drainage water in water, precipitation water during construction ntal g Station Water quality control earthwork stage, concrete period, piling mud water and ponding water shall be Prote drainage water in structure discharge after sedimentation process and the mud ction stage and all kinds of car shall be carried away be car Burea washing water etc. u All kinds of noise from Make rational working schedule and reduce noise Noise control construction machine pollutant sources Solid waste Construction spoil and Make classified collection and have them sent to the management wastes disposal yard in accordance with the regulation Public and occupational Possible epidemics caused Negotiated with construction unit and make
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health by the migration of the effective measures to protect the workers, make workers regular physical examination and make immediate isolation when discover the epidemic Make good prevention measure with construction Public safety, owner, Accident may cause the unit, regulate workers’ operation behavior, workers and injury and death of the implement safety operation behavior, strengthen construction party workers safety checking on-site, establish emergency safety respond and rescue plan Boiling black liquid and Black liquid flow into alkali recollection system, polluted water in pulping, other polluted water goes to waste water treatment Water quality control waste water in paper station and then be discharged after meeting the making, drainage water in requirement Alkali recollection system
Dust,SO2 and NOx from Alkali furnace of After being disposed by static electricity/bag-type Air quality control thermoelectric factory and dust precipitator, discharge will attain standards chemical workshop All types of pump and air compressor in the Noise of the project is far from factory boundary workshop, coal pulverizer, Noise control and has a small impact on the region outside the fan and high pressure air factory exhaust in thermoelectric station Operation Waste bits of wood from Send to the power boiler to recollect thermal period mud and stock material, energy, strengthen the storage management of Solid waste mal-disposal of byproduct glauber salt, and try to reduce storage amount after management of the project glauber salt its melting shall cause solid waste
pollution 1. The discharge of the 1. Adopt additional facilities, strengthen accident pollutants supervision and control, guarantee the operation 2. The pollution of the effect of waste water treatment station surface water and the river 2. Limit storage amount of methanol, concentrated caused by the permeating sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide Risk management of methanol, concentrated which are likely to cause water pollution, strengthen sulfuric acid, hydrogen checking and management, install emergency peroxide, chlorine dioxide reaction facilities to prevent leakage accident and through the surface water strengthen maintenance management, and enhance and waste water discharge the training and examination of workers’ techniques system solution of raw in operating facilities and workmanship
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materials
Distribute occupational protection appliances on Long-term work in one time, having occupational physical examination of position shall cause the workers once a year, strictly follow 8 hours Public and occupational health working time, make necessary post exchanging, occupational health problems like hearing loss regulate and improve working condition of the because of the noise workshop, further perfect occupational health management system Formulate and implement relevant safety protection measures, establish and perfect safety warning sign, safety protection facilities, formulate and perfect Accident may cause the safety facilities and operation regulations, enhance injury and death of the Public safety the training of workers’ safety operation knowledge workers in project and workmanship and facilities operation, operation period strengthen on-site safety checking, establish and implement safety emergency reaction and rescue plan
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9. Occupational Sanitation, Health and Safety
9.1 Occupational Health Institution Setting
Linyuan Paper Industry Co., Ltd. is a large paper making enterprise in Hunan Province with a comprehensive occupational health management organization. The design of occupational health management institute is as follows: The enterprise has formed occupational health and safety management network, established the "Occupational Health and Safety Committee" with legal person of the enterprise in charge and its affiliated occupational health and safety office. Occupational health and safety work of the enterprise belongs to production department which owns two full-time occupational health and safety engineers. They are specifically responsible for the occupational health and safety management within the enterprise, giving out occupational disease prevention appliances, the occupational health and safety education and occupation health data archiving. At present, beside forming a whole set of technological operation specification, the enterprise has formulated the "Operation Document on Environment and Occupational Health and Safety Management System ", established perfect occupational health regulations and operation rules such as "occupational health and safety inspection management approach", "emergency plan of occupational hazard accident " etc. The enterprise often carries out emergency drills of fire safety and occupational poisoning accident to urge the staff to strictly implement occupational health regulations and operation rules formulated by the enterprise. All these measures help to protect the staff’s health, reduce or eliminate the occupational disease and play an active role in production development. The production department of the enterprise has formulated an occupational hazards monitoring plan and assigned the Yuanjiang Disease Control Center to conduct selective test and determination on occupational disease hazard factors. The test results are preserved in the occupational health archive and the results are regularly reported to the responsible leader of the factory.
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9.2 Occupational Health Education
Occupational health education lies with production department and the workshop. All staff shall have pre-job training on occupational health and safety and regular or irregular training on occupational health. Besides, blackboard display is set in the factory to regularly promote laws, regulations and operation rules on occupational disease prevention and treatment, give correct direction to the staff on using occupational disease prevention devices and individual prevention appliances and improve their consciousness on self-protection.
9.3 Occupational Prevention Appliance
To reduce the hazard of occupational disease on workers, guarantee their health, the enterprise shall distribute occupational disease prevention appliances like protective helmet, working clothes and shoes, gloves, elastic earplugs, earmuffs, filter type anti-poison respirator, Xianglao II anti-dust masks, protective glasses, insulation clothes to the workers for individual use. In conclusion, the enterprise has a relatively perfect occupational health management institute and system which can basically meet the needs of occupational health management after the reconstruction and expansion of the project. Our review of the information on this enterprise’s occupational disease hazard indicates that some occupational diseases have not been effectively controlled. Therefore, the enterprise shall strengthen the construction of its production technology renovation and occupational health prevention facilities to minimize the incidence of the disease.
10. Legal Force of Environmental Management Plan Environmental protection action plan is the action guidance of implementing environmental protection measures of the construction unit and the basis of environmental department’s checking and accepting the implementation of the environmental protection measures. Therefore, environmental protection action plan shall have the same legal force as contracts, tender letter etc.
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In the tendering for construction companies, the construction unit shall provide environmental protection action plan as the basic material for the bidding unit and require the inclusion of the action plan in the tender and all types of environmental protection expense included in construction appropriation budget. When examining the tender documents, the construction unit shall consider the implementation of environmental protection action plan as one kind of the service and make clear that the action plan is one factor of the project quality. The damages brought by not implementing the action plan shall be borne by the building company. The chief of environmental department of PMO shall fully understand the meaning of the protection action plan before the start of the project and is responsible for the explanation to the construction company. Project supervision unit shall be the basis of supervising the environmental protection action plan. The project will not accepted if the environmental measures are not implemented. The construction company shall designate specific personnel to take charge of environmental protection action plan, formulate implementation plan and carry out the plan by following the time schedule of the action plan.
11. Estimation of Environmental Protection Investment
Table 11-1 Budget of environmental management plan in construction period
Budget in operation period Capital Item （10 thousand RMB） source Environmental management institute operation(including salary and working and 5 transportation expense) Water monitoring Laboratory analysis 3 Sampling staff salary 3 Construction Water quality analysis 2 capital amount Air quality and noise Laboratory analysis 2 monitoring Sample taking staff / salary
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Air and noise 3 monitoring amount Other monitoring expense Supervision engineer budget 2 Environmental protection facilities operation Environmental management total budget in 20 construction period
Table 11-2 Budget of environmental management in operation period
Budget in operation period Capital Item （10 thousand RMB） source Environmental management institute operation(including salary and working and 20 transportation expense) Water monitoring Laboratory analysis 15 Sampling staff salary 20 Water quality analysis 30 amount Air quality and noise Self-financin Laboratory analysis 10 monitoring g of the Sampling staff salary / enterprise Air and noise 10 monitoring amount Other monitoring expense 5 Environmental protection facilities operation 100 Training budget 15 Environmental management total budget in 210 operation period
80