2020 JOINT INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH JOI NT INS TI TU T E F O
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R C H DUBNA Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Phone: (+7-49621) 65-059 Fax: (+7-495) 632-78-80 E-mail: [email protected] Address: JINR, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia Web http://www.jinr.ru
Online version: http://wwwinfo.jinr.ru/publish/Reports/Reports_index.html
ISBN 978-5-9530-0553-1 © Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 2021 JOI NT INS TI TU T E F O
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AGREEMENTS ON GOVERNMENTAL LEVEL ARE SIGNED WITH THE FOLLOWING STATES: JOI NT INS TI TU T E F O
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INTRODUCTION ...... 5
GOVERNING AND ADVISORY BODIES OF JINR Activities of JINR Governing and Advisory Bodies...... 11 Prizes and Grants ...... 37
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND SCIENTIFIC COLLABORATION Collaboration in Science and Technology...... 43
RESEARCH AND EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMES OF JINR Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics ...... 83 Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energy Physics ...... 93 Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems ...... 108 Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions ...... 116 Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics ...... 124 Laboratory of Information Technologies ...... 137 Laboratory of Radiation Biology ...... 151 University Centre ...... 158
CENTRAL SERVICES Publishing Department ...... 187 Science and Technology Library ...... 189 Licensing and Intellectual Property Department ...... 191
ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIVITIES Financial Activities...... 195 Staff ...... 196 The year 2020 became the time of hard- Before arriving at Dubna the case with the ship for all of us; the coronavirus infection magnet was transported by sea from the port affected each one, but in the conditions of the of Genoa (Italy) to St. Petersburg. The cryostat COVID-19 pandemic the scientific community with superconducting wiring of the magnet for of JINR continued the implementation of the the MPD detector was designed by Russian sci- planned issues. The pace of activities to develop entists (specialists from JINR and SDPC “Neva- the systems of the NICA collider was not slowed Magnit”) and manufactured in Italy by ASG Su- down. The installation of two new clusters perconductors, one of the world’s few producers of the Baikal neutrino telescope allowed the of the unique equipment for large-scale scientific deep-water detector to reach the effective vo- research projects. lume of 0.35 km3, which made Baikal-GVD one On 20 November, Chairman of the RF Gov- of the world’s three largest telescopes in terms ernment M. Mishustin made the technological of effective area and volume for observation of start-up of the superconducting Booster syn- natural neutrino fluxes and the largest telescope chrotron (Booster), one of the blocks of the in the Northern Hemisphere. The supercom- international megascience project “NICA Com- puter “Govorun” occupied the 22nd position in plex”. Single-charged helium ions were injected the world ranking of the highest productive into the Booster and stable beam circulation data storage systems of the HPC class. The was obtained. The achieved bright result is the user programme of the research nuclear facility completion of long-standing joint work of the IBR-2 continued to be implemented. The first accelerator physicists and engineers of JINR in experiment on the synthesis of moscovium iso- cooperation with partners from NPI SB RAS, topes was started at the Factory of Superheavy INR RAS, ITEP, IHEP NRC KI, and many Elements. Further development of international other Russian and foreign organizations. cooperationwasaimedatdeepeningtheties At the end of December, the check assembly with partner scientific research organizations, of the magnetic core of the solenoid magnet integration of JINR into the global research of the experimental facility MPD of the NICA infrastructure and attracting of young staff. All complex was successfully completed — the final through the year the workout and full discussion upper block was installed. The magnet yoke — of the main trends were held of the strategic 13 blocks, as well as two supporting rings, were plan of JINR development, including the devel- assembled with ultimate accuracy. A collabo- opment of the system of indices for monitoring ration of over 500 scientists from 40 scientific the accomplishment of the strategic plan. centres of five continents takes an active part Today we can state with satisfaction that the in developing detector systems of MPD and tough tasks in the conditions of the pandemic preparation of experimental research at it. of the coronavirus infection did not hinder the Another important result is the workout and JINR community to obtain important results in application of the new experimental method to implementation of the flagship projects of JINR. study the inner structure of the atomic nucleus The key element of the research facility and neutron stars in the BM@N experiment MPD was successfully transported and delivered that registered for the first time all products of to the construction site of the NICA project. the reaction in knocking out nucleons and nu-
5 cleon pairs from atomic nuclei and opened new that allowed bigger effectiveness and scalability scientific prospects for research of the nucleus of the complex. Integration of all computer structure. resources of the Institute was accomplished on First results were obtained at the accelerator the basis of the DIRAC platform as an important complex “The Factory of Superheavy Elements” step in the development of distributed data pro- on the synthesis of isotopes of element 115 cessing at JINR. It is an important contribution (moscovium) in the reaction of interaction of to the development of the digital platform for ions of calcium-48 and americium-243. It gave megascience projects. the start to the unique programme of JINR in Research in theoretical physics has tradi- studying nuclear-physical and chemical proper- tionally been focused both on supporting the ties of superheavy elements scheduled for years. JINR experimental programme and on indepen- Soon experiments will be conducted on the syn- dent theoretical developments. In many areas, thesis of new elements with atomic numbers 119 JINR theorists act as flagships of development and 120 — the first elements of period 8 of the and generators of ideas that determine the world Mendeleev Table. scientific agenda. Among the best achievements The 6th and 7th clusters of the optical mo- over the past year, one can note the determi- dules of the deep-water neutrino telescope of nation of the fundamental constants of quantum the cubic-kilometer scale Baikal-GVD, deve- electrodynamics with record precision based on loped jointly with scientists from INR RAS the study of HD+ molecular ions, the investiga- (Troitsk) in Lake Baikal, were deployed and tion of the effect of nuclear temperature on the putintooperation.Itiswell-knownthatthe process of core-collapse supernova explosions, Baikal-GVD telescope is a flagship project of the development of a statistical method for gen- the JINR neutrino programme and is considered erating fluorinated graphene structures and anal- as a basic facility of the Institute. ysis of their properties, lattice simulations for In 2020, the Institute celebrated 60 years studying characteristics of rotating quark–gluon since the launch of the first pulsed fast neu- matter, the study of the asymmetry of the elec- tron reactor IBR, the only reactor in the world tron–positron pair production in the interaction that works with variable level of criticality. of a high-energy photon with a polarized laser In the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, pulse, the discovery of the mechanism of stag- the stable operation of the IBR-2 reactor for gered radiative decay of long-lived oscillating physics experiments under the user programme states, and many others. allowed the accomplishment of 8 of the planned The programme of research in space radio- 10 cycles. Considerable progress was achieved biology with the Nuclotron beams was actively in designing of a new neutron pulsed source of developed; it attracts much interest in con- the 4th generation in collaboration with leading nection with an opportunity to study radiation scientific organizations, in particular, with those damage in the structure and functions of the of Rosatom. After a number of technological central nervous system in animals, especially systems were seriously upgraded, the IREN fa- in primates. New experimental and theoretical cility started its regular operation. data were obtained that revealed mechanisms of Uninterruptible operation was organized of forming and repair of DNA radiation damage in the net and information-computer infrastructure cell cultures of the nervous system, and estima- oftheInstitute,aswellasofallservices,includ- tions were conducted for radiation pressure and ing videoconference communications. Consider- risks for spacemen. In the same list are studies able results were obtained in the development in astrobiology that revealed new mechanisms of of the unique Multifunctional Information and the synthesis of complex organic biomolecules Computing Complex (MICC), in organization of at irradiation of non-organic substances with systems of distributed data processing for many proton beams in the presence of meteorites as experiments, primarily at the NICA accelera- catalysts. A big cycle of research of fossil tor complex, in development and extending of microorganisms (microfossils) in meteorites was applications of hybrid and parallel calculations, carried out. The first illustrated atlas of micro- in solution of tasks of modelling of complex fossils in the Orgueil meteorite was issued. processes, computer physics and many others. JINR scientists, along with scientific com- Considerable upgrading of the Tier1 level centre munity of the world, made their invaluable con- was carried out for the CMS (CERN) experi- tribution to the struggle against the coronavirus ment owing to extending of the configuration pandemic. Properties of the coronavirus were of storage systems and calculations, and the studied in JINR laboratories. Physicists who transition was accomplished to the new software work in the sphere of blood filters and filters
6 for various gases, substances, liquids, etc., pro- global research infrastructure, agreements were posed to apply filters in fighting the coronavirus signed with the Helmholtz Centre of Heavy infection. Such nuclear membranes can be very Ion Research (GSI, Germany) on participation efficiently used in test systems for quick diag- of scientific organizations of Germany in the nostics of coronavirus. Dubna scientists and implementation of the NICA project and with pharmacists conducted at the IBR-2 reactor a the Ministry of Science and Technology of China very interesting study of the cell walls from the on participation of China in the construction and point of view of their resistance to penetration operation of the NICA complex. of coronavirus through them. The obtained re- In October, the Federation Council Commit- sults have been published and are applied in the tee on Science, Education and Culture held a production of medical anti-coronavirus prepara- guest meeting in Dubna with the agenda of tions. development and efficient use of scientific-tech- In the pandemic conditions, one of the al- nical potential of science cities of Russia. Chair- ternative forms of the JINR University Cen- person of the FC Committee L. Gumerova un- tre activities was the new online programme derlined that the choice of the place for the guest INTEREST (INTErnational REmote Student meeting was determined by the status of JINR Training); 50 students from 14 countries took as an international science centre that knows no part in it last year. The programme allows borders, countries, religions and is united only motivated young people from any country of the by the idea of service for science for the sake worldtocarryoutresearchprojectsatJINR of peace and progress. In this connection it is without leaving their own home. symbolic that the year 2021, a jubilee year for ApresentationofnewauditoriaoftheIT the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, was school “Big Data Analytics” was held at Dubna declared by RF President V. Putin the Year of University under the joint project of the Uni- Science and Technology. versity and JINR for training high-class special- At the November session of the Committee ists in information technologies, primarily, for of Plenipotentiaries of JINR, the leadership of megascience projects of the Institute. the Institute was transferred to new young and In 2020, the Joint Institute ceremonially cel- talented candidates. Academician G. Trubnikov ebrated two significant anniversaries: 110 years was elected JINR Director. By the decision of since the birth of Mikhail Grigorievich Me- the CP, Academician V. Matveev became JINR shcheryakov, one of the founders of the city Scientific Leader. Thus, we doubled our forces and the Institute, leader of the work to develop and the Institute received an impetus for further the first accelerator at Dubna — the synchrocy- development with the support of the Govern- clotron, and 90 years since the birth of Nikolai ment of the Russian Federation and JINR Mem- Nikolaevich Govorun, an outstanding scientist ber States to bring to life the ambitious strategy who was one of the initiators of the elaboration of development that was worked out by leading of algorithms of parallel calculations, in partic- specialists. ular, in studies of lattice models of quantum Anticipating the upcoming 65th jubilee of chromodynamics. the Institute, I would like to express my confi- As a result of fruitful efforts in deepen- dence that no obstacles will prevent us to cele- ing of ties with partner scientific research or- brate this date with our colleagues and friends ganizations and integration of JINR into the in JINR Member States and partner states.
V. MATVEEV Director Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 2020
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A regular session of the Committee of heavy Elements, the Baikal-GVD project, the Plenipotentiaries of the Governments of the IBR-2 reactor with its spectrometer complex, JINR Member States was held on 19 June and the Multifunctional Information and Com- by videoconference. It was chaired by the puting Complex. Plenipotentiary of the Government of the The CP endorsed the measures taken to im- Russian Federation, V. Falkov. plement the recommendations of the Committee Having heard and discussed the report pre- for the analysis of the expenditure and schedule sented by JINR Director V. Matveev, the CP for implementing the NICA complex project. took note of the information about the actions Based on the information on the execution by the JINR Directorate to ensure JINR activ- of the JINR budget for 2019, the CP approved ities under conditions of the pandemic of the the consolidated final adjustment of the budget COVID-19 coronavirus infection, of the deci- income and expenditure. sions on the mode of JINR’s operation set for The CP took note of the information on the the period of suspension of scientific and edu- approval of the revised budget of JINR for 2020 cational activities at the Institute as well as on with the total income and expenditure amount- health protection measures for the staff. The ing to US$ 277 538.4 thousand. It allowed the CP noted the efforts being made by the JINR JINR Director to introduce adjustments to the Directorate towards gradual resumption of JINR JINR budget in 2020, including those to the activities in full, along with careful monitoring expenditure items “Salaries” and “International of the epidemiological situation. cooperation”, within the approved budget in ac- The CP endorsed the work carried out by the cordance with the Regulations for the Introduc- International Working Group on the preparation tion of Adjustments to the JINR budget. of a single, integrated draft of the Strategic The CP supported the proposals of the JINR Plan for the Long-Term Development of JINR, Directorate on ensuring a competitive level of supported the recommendation of the Scientific remuneration for JINR’s highly qualified staff Council for considering the presented draft as a and wished to be informed about the efficiency basis, and commissioned the JINR Directorate to continue work on strategic planning towards of using the Incentive Fund for highly qualified developing the Seven-Year Plan for the Develop- staff. ment of JINR for 2024–2030 taking into account Following the report “Selection of an or- the opinions of the Member States and defining ganization for auditing JINR’s financial activi- precisely their participation in major research ties for 2019” presented by JINR Vice-Director projects and the required human and material R. Lednicky,´ the CP approved, on an exceptional resources. basis in the current year, the audit company The CP took note of the brief overview of LLC AC “Korsakov and Partners” for auditing the development of the scientific programmes JINR’s financial activities for 2019 and identi- of JINR’s major research infrastructure facili- fied the LLC “MS Audit” (Dubna) as a backup ties: the NICA complex, the Factory of Super- company. The CP approved the plan for auditing
11 JINR’s financial activities for 2019 presented by ments and in which the CP appreciated highly the JINR Directorate. the scientific and technological quality of the Having heard the report “Draft Staff Regu- realization of the project to build the DC-280 lations of JINR” by A. Ruzaev, Deputy Director cyclotron and the participation in it of most of JINR for Human Resources, the CP approved JINR Member States, also taking into account the Staff Regulations of JINR enacting them the obtaining of all the licenses necessary for fromthedateoftakingthisdecision. conducting experiments, the CP conferred the Having heard the report “Endorsement of ap- JINR CP Prize upon the JINR team headed by pointments of Vice-Directors of JINR” presented FLNR Scientific Leader Yu. Oganessian. by JINR Director V. Matveev, the CP took note Following the report “Changes in the mem- of the information about the endorsement of ap- bership of the JINR Scientific Council” pre- pointments of First Vice-Director G. Trubnikov, sented by A. Sorin, Chief Scientific Secretary of Vice-Directors S. Dmitriev and B. Sharkov un- JINR, the CP elected A. Aprahamian (Univer- til the completion of the term of office of the sity of Notre Dame, USA) as a new member of JINR Director on 31 December 2021 as well the JINR Scientific Council. as on the issuance of JINR’s Order No. 233 of Based on the information “Resumption of the 20 April 2020 “On the terms of office of the full membership of the Republic of Uzbekistan JINR Directorate members”. The CP expressed in JINR” presented by B. Yuldashev, Plenipo- gratitude to M. Itkis for his many years of work tentiary of the Government of the Republic of as a member of the JINR Directorate, for his Uzbekistan, the CP expressed readiness to re- enormous contributions to the activities of JINR sume full participation of the Republic of Uzbek- and to the development of international scientific istan in the activities of JINR. It commissioned cooperation. the Working Group under the CP Chair for Having heard and discussed the information JINR Financial Issues together with the Pleni- “Calling of the election and nomination of can- potentiary of the Government of the Republic of didates for the position of Director of JINR” Uzbekistan and the JINR Directorate to work presented by CP Chair V. Falkov and JINR Di- out the financial conditions for renewing the full rector V. Matveev, the CP called the election participation of the Republic of Uzbekistan in of the JINR Director for the CP session in the activities of JINR. November 2020; it also commissioned the JINR A regular session of the Committee of Directorate to prepare for this session proposals Plenipotentiaries of the Governments of on instituting the position of Scientific Leader of JINR Member States was held on 23 Novem- JINR, his status and powers. ber in the videoconference format under the Having heard the report “Establishment of chairmanship of the representative of the the Prize of the JINR Committee of Plenipoten- Russian Federation N. Bocharova. tiaries of the Governments of the JINR Member States” presented by A. Sorin, Chief Scientific Having heard and discussed the report pre- Secretary of JINR, the CP accepted the pro- sented by V. Matveev, Director of JINR, the posal by the JINR Directorate to establish this Committee of Plenipotentiaries took note of prize “For initiating, developing, and implement- the information by the JINR Directorate on ing large-scale projects at JINR completed to the operation of JINR under conditions of the the highest international standards and require- COVID-19 pandemic, on the recommendations ments”. The JINR CP Prize is intended to stim- of the 128th session of the JINR Scientific ulate creative teams of JINR staff and their part- Council, on the new scientific and technological ners in Member States for major achievements results obtained at JINR as well as on the most in the development of research infrastructure important events which occurred at JINR in the which open fundamentally new opportunities for second half of 2020. conducting world-class scientific research. The CP noted with satisfaction the signifi- Taking into account the report by the JINR cant achievements of the JINR staff in develop- Directorate on implementing the tasks of the ing JINR facilities and producing new scientific Seven-Year Plan for the Development of JINR results, in particular: for 2019 and the statement of the JINR CP — the pace of work on the construction of dated 25 March 2019, in which the CP noted the NICA collider systems, the completion of the successful completion of the major stage in the installation of equipment for the fast beam the construction of a unique accelerator complex extraction from the booster, the preparation for aimed at obtaining breakthrough results in the the start of cooling of the magnetic structure field of the synthesis of new superheavy ele- as well as the plans to inject and accelerate the
12 first beam in the new synchrotron by the end of The CP endorsed the efforts by the JINR November 2020; Directorate to deepen relations with partner re- — the completion of the operation to trans- search organizations and to integrate JINR into port to JINR the superconducting magnet made the global research infrastructure, in particular, in Italy, which is a key element of the MPD the signing of agreements with the Helmholtz detector of the NICA accelerator complex; Centre for Heavy Ion Research (GSI, Germany) — development and application, by the inter- on the entry of German research institutions national collaboration established at JINR, of a into the implementation of the NICA project and new experimental method to study the internal with the Ministry of Science and Technology structure of the atomic nucleus and neutron of the Peoples’ Republic of China (PRC) on the stars in the BM@N experiment, which made PRC’s participation in construction and opera- it possible for the first time to register all the tion of the NICA complex. reaction products upon knocking out nucleons The CP endorsed the activities of the JINR and pairs of nucleons from atomic nuclei and Directorate for the development and comprehen- to open up new scientific prospects for studying sive discussion of the main directions of the nuclear structure; strategic plan for the development of JINR, in- — the beginning of the first experiment on cluding work on the development of a system of the synthesis of moscovium isotopes at the Fac- indicators for monitoring the implementation of tory of Superheavy Elements; the strategic plan. — the victory of the JINR project “Su- The CP approved the recommendations of perheavy nuclei and atoms: Limits of nuclear the 127th and 128th sessions of the Scientific mass and boundaries of the Periodic Table” in Council and the JINR Topical Plan of Research the competition of the Ministry of Science and and International Cooperation for 2021. Higher Education of the Russian Federation for Having heard and discussed the report “Elec- awarding grants in the form of subsidies for tion of the Director of JINR” presented by realizing large scientific projects in the priority N. Bocharova, Chair of the CP, guided by the areas of scientific and technological development CP’s decision of 19 June 2020 on the calling of Russia; of the election of the Director of JINR for — the installation of two new clusters of November 2020, to hold, at this CP session, the Baikal Neutrino Telescope, whose deep-wa- the election of a new Director of JINR on the terdetectorhasreachedaneffectivevolume basis of the early termination of office of the of 0.35 km3, thus making Baikal-GVD one of the world’s three largest telescopes in terms of current Director from 1 January 2021 in ac- effective area and volume as well as the largest cordance with paragraph 2.1 of the Regulations in the Northern Hemisphere; for the JINR Director, the CP approved Gri- — the further implementation of the User gory Trubnikov as candidate for the position of Programme at the IBR-2 facility under condi- the Director of JINR. The CP endorsed the tions of the COVID-19 pandemic; programme presented by the candidate for the — the impressive statistics on the use of position of the Director of JINR, G. Trubnikov. JINR grid sites contributing to data process- TheCPconductedtheelectionoftheJINR ing by international collaborations — the Tier1 Director by secret ballot using the software and site, which ranks second among the world CMS technical tools of a videoconference. The CP Tier1, and the Tier2 site, the best in RDIG elected G. Trubnikov as Director of JINR for a (Russian Data Intensive Grid) as well as the term of five years taking office on 1 January publication of scientific results achieved using 2021. the “Govorun” supercomputer resources. The CP expressed profound gratitude to Aca- The CP supported the organizational mea- demician of the Russian Academy of Sciences sures being taken by the JINR Directorate V. Matveev for his successful work as Director for the successful implementation of the NICA of JINR. project and endorsed the amendments to the TheCPadoptedthetermsofofficeofthe Regulations for the Supervisory Board of the Vice-Directors of JINR, the Chief Scientific Sec- project “NICA complex of superconducting rings retary of JINR, and the JINR Chief Engineer for heavy-ion colliding beams” regarding the until 1 January 2021 and recommended that the procedure for forming the composition of the newly elected Director appoint acting members Supervisory Board, determining the status and of the JINR Directorate from 1 January 2021. powers of an observer, and the procedure for The CP commissionned the Director to propose, holding meetings and voting. for approval at the CP session in March 2021,
13 the candidatures of JINR Vice-Directors, Chief — the implementation of training pro- Scientific Secretary, and Chief Engineer. grammes; efforts to attract students to research Having heard and discussed the report “On underway at JINR as well as to raise staff qual- the Scientific Leader of JINR” presented by ifications and promote science popularization. N. Bocharova, Chair of the CP, the Committee The CP took into account the objectively of Plenipotentiaries introduced the position of necessary development of the NICA project JINR Scientific Leader for RAS Academician in accordance with the recommendations of V. Matveev and recommended that the newly the scientific advisory committees (MAC, DAC, elected Director of JINR carry out the corre- PAC, Scientific Council) and the decisions of the sponding appointment. Supervisory Board of the megaproject “NICA Having heard and discussed the report “Pro- Complex”, the new regulations on construction gressofimplementationoftheSeven-YearPlan that required a significant change in the build- for the Development of JINR for 2017−2023 ing design to accommodate the NICA heavy-ion and proposals for updating the Plan” presented collider and the corresponding infrastructure by A. Sorin, Chief Scientific Secretary of JINR, complications as well as took into account the the Committee of Plenipotentiaries endorsed the adverse external circumstances associated with efforts by the JINR Directorate to provide a de- COVID-19, which affected the cost and tim- tailed analysis of the progress of implementation ing of the project, and admitted the neces- of the Seven-Year Plan for the Development of sity to sign an additional agreement No. 5 to JINR for 2017–2023 as well as to propose its the general contract with STRABAG JSC (con- updating. tract No. 100/2795 dated 18 September 2015 for The CP appreciated the prepared Brief Re- construction of buildings and structures (per- port on the Progress of the Current Seven-Year manent construction facilities) for the place- Plan for the Development of JINR over 2017– ment of the NICA heavy-ion collider at the 2020 and proposals for its updating for 2021– JINR VBLHEP site in Dubna with a partial reconstruction of building No. 1) with an in- 2023. crease in the cost of the contract in accordance The CP noted with satisfaction the work with the new project documentation, which re- accomplished by the JINR Directorate and staff ceived a positive conclusion from the Federal to implement the Seven-Year Plan for the De- Autonomous Institution “GlavGosEkspertiza of velopment of JINR over 2017–2020 in the main Russia” No. 50-1-1-3-007355-2019 in the USRZ areas of JINR activities, namely: dated 3 April 2019; took note of the esti- — a large volume of work performed on the matedincreaseinthetotalprojectvalueof implementation of the NICA Complex project US$ 61.7 million; agreed with the adjustment in the current seven-year period, including of the commissioning dates for the main fa- within the framework of the Agreement between cilities of the NICA complex presented in the the Government of the Russian Federation and project: booster — 2020; initial configuration of JINR; the collider — 2022–2023; collider design con- — the successful progress of work at the figuration — 2025; development of experimental SHE Factory, in particular, the achievement of zones and channels for NICA complex extracted the design parameters of the Factory’s facility — beams — 2021, launch of the first stage of the DC-280 cyclotron and of the new gas-filled the MPD facility — 2022, commissioning of separator, GFS-2, and the beginning of first the second stage of the MPD facility — 2025, experiments on the synthesis of element 115 commissioning of the initial configuration of the 243 48 (moscovium) in the reaction Am + Ca; SPD detector — the date will be determined — the significant progress with the Baikal- after the project’s approval. GVD gigaton neutrino telescope; The CP supported the proposal by the JINR — the ongoing major activities for further Directorate to organize, in 2021–2023, work on development of the IBR-2 facility and the full the establishment at JINR of an interlabora- implementation of pre-design work on a new tory international Innovation Centre for Nuclear neutron source of JINR; Physics Research (Innovation Centre), the main — the integration of computing resources of tasksofwhichwillbedevelopmentoftechnolo- the HybriLIT platform, including the “Govorun” gies and methods in the field of nuclear and supercomputer, into the distributed data pro- radiation medicine, radiation materials science cessing environment; as well as training of professional personnel — the development of radiobiological re- and advanced training of specialists of JINR search; Member States in the field of radiation biology
14 and medical physics. Taking into account the of Korea, at the expense of other incomes and prospects for the development of technologies receipts of the JINR budget. for radiation materials science and applied re- The CP approved the budget for the use of search with heavy-ion beams for JINR Member the special-purpose funds of the Russian Feder- States, within the framework of the Innovation ation, allocated in accordance with the Agree- Centre programme, the CP supported develop- ment between the Government of the Russian ment of a DC-140 accelerator-cyclotron in the Federation and JINR on the construction and period 2021–2023 and requestd the Directorate exploitation of the NICA complex of supercon- to present a project for the establishment of ducting rings for heavy-ion colliding beams, for this Innovation Centre at the CP session in the year 2021 in the amount of 3 787 442.7 thou- November 2021. sand rubles. The CP endorsed in general the directions The CP approved the consolidated adjust- proposed by the Directorate for updating the ment of the JINR budget for the year 2020 Seven-Year Plan for the Development of JINR in over 9 months and allowed the JINR Director terms of implementing the JINR major projects to index the salary and tariff parts of the com- and requested the final version of the updated pensation package of the staff members, tak- Seven-Year Plan to be presented at the CP ses- ing into account the possibilities afforded by sion in March 2021. the JINR budget in 2021, in accordance with Having heard and discussed the report the JINR Collective Bargaining Agreement for “Draft budget of JINR for the year 2021, pro- 2020–2023. visional contributions of the Member States for The CP approved the directions for using the the years 2022, 2023, and 2024” presented by Incentive Fund in 2021, proposed by the JINR M. Vasilyev, Acting Head of the JINR Finance Directorate. The CP requested the Plenipoten- and Economy Office, the Committee of Pleni- tiaries to consolidate funds for financing the potentiaries approved the JINR budget for the grants of Plenipotentiaries and programmes of year 2021 with the total income and expenditure cooperation between JINR and scientific organi- amounting to US$ 223 811.4 thousand. zations and universities of JINR Member States The CP allowed the JINR Director in 2021 on the main scientific projects implemented at to introduce adjustments to the JINR bud- JINR. get, including adjustments to the expenditure Having heard and discussed the report “Re- items “Salaries” and “International cooperation”, sultsofthemeetingoftheJINRFinanceCom- within the approved budget in accordance with mittee held on 19 November 2020” presented by the Regulations for the introduction of adjust- A. Khvedelidze, Chair of the Finance Commit- ments to the JINR budget. tee, the Committee of Plenipotentiaries approved The CP approved the scale of contributions the Protocol of the meeting of the Finance Com- of the JINR Member States for the year 2021 mittee and commissioned the Working Group and agreed with the inclusion in the JINR bud- under the CP Chair for JINR Financial Issues get for 2021 of the amounts of contributions of and the JINR Directorate to analyse the use the Member States, with respect to which the of the rule of lower limits for contributions decisiononsuspensionofmembershipshadbeen used in calculating Member States’ contribu- taken, in order to preserve the established pro- tions, to prepare proposals to clarify the method portions of contributions of the Member States. of calculating the lower limits for contributions The CP approved the contributions of the andtosubmitthemforconsiderationtothe Member States for the year 2021 and the repay- Finance Committee meeting and the CP session ment of contribution arrears of Member States in March 2021. in 2021. Having heard and discussed the report “Re- The CP determined the provisional vol- sumption of the full membership of the Republic umes of the JINR budget in income and ex- of Uzbekistan in JINR” presented by B. Yul- penditure for the year 2022 amounting to dashev, Plenipotentiary of the Government of US$ 217.4 million, for the year 2023 amount- the Republic of Uzbekistan and President of ing to US$ 222.8 million, for the year 2024 the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of amounting to US$ 228.4 million, as well as the Uzbekistan, the Committee of Plenipotentiaries provisional amounts of the Member States’ con- resolved to resume, from 1 January 2021, the tributions for the years 2022, 2023, and 2024. full participation of the Republic of Uzbekistan The CP resolved to compensate JINR’s bud- in the activities of JINR and to write off the get deficit in 2021, arising from the unpaid con- current arrears of contributions of the Republic tribution by the Democratic People’s Republic of Uzbekistan to the JINR budget for the period
15 GOVERNING AND ADVISORY BODIES OF THE JOINT INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH
COMMITTEE OF PLENIPOTENTIARIES OF THE GOVERNMENTS OF THE JINR MEMBER STATES Republic of Armenia – S. Harutyunyan Republic of Moldova – V. Ursachi Republic of Azerbaijan – N. Timur oglu Mamedov Mongolia – S. Davaa Republic of Belarus – A. Shumilin Republic of Poland – M. Waligórski Republic of Bulgaria – L. Kostov Romania – F.-D. Buzatu Republic of Cuba – A. Diaz García Russian Federation – V. Falkov Czech Republic – M. Vyšinka Slovak Republic – S. Dubnička Georgia – A. Khvedelidze Ukraine – B. Grynyov Republic of Kazakhstan – E. Kenzhin Republic of Uzbekistan – B. Yuldashev Democratic People’s Socialist Republic Republic of Korea – Li Je Sen of Vietnam – Le Hong Khiem
Finance Committee One representative of each JINR Member State
SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL Chairman: V. Matveev Co-Chairman: C. Borcea (Romania) Scientific Secretary: A. Sorin A. Aprahamian – United States of America V. Matveev – Russian Federation F. Azaiez – Republic of South Africa J. Mnich – Federal Republic of Germany Ts. Baatar – Mongolia Sh. Nagiyev – Republic of Azerbaijan U. Bassler – Switzerland D. L. Nagy – Republic of Hungary C. Borcea – Romania N. Nešković – Republic of Serbia M. Budzyński – Republic of Poland I. Padrón Díaz – Republic of Cuba Bum-Hoon Lee – Republic of Korea G. Poghosyan – Republic of Armenia L. Cifarelli – Italian Republic S. Pospišil – Czech Republic A. Dubničková – Slovak Republic I. Povar – Republic of Moldova A.-I. Etienvre – French Republic E. Rabinovici – State of Israel P. Fré – Italian Republic V. Rubakov – Russian Federation S. Galès – French Republic K. Rusek – Republic of Poland P. Giubellino – Federal Republic of Germany V. Sadovnichy – Russian Federation B. Grynyov – Ukraine A. Sergeev – Russian Federation M. Hnatič – Slovak Republic M. Spiro – French Republic M. Jeźabek – Republic of Poland H. Stöcker – Federal Republic of Germany Jiangang Li – People’s Republic of China Ch. Stoyanov – Republic of Bulgaria G. Khuukhenkhuu – Mongolia Gh. Stratan – Romania S. Kilin – Republic of Belarus Tra n Duc Thiep – Socialist Republic of Vietnam M. Kovalchuk – Russian Federation R. Tsenov – Republic of Bulgaria G. Lavrelashvili – Georgia M. Waligórski – Republic of Poland P. Logatchov – Russian Federation I. Wilhelm – Czech Republic A. Maggiora – Italian Republic B. Yuldashev – Republic of Uzbekistan S. Maksimenko – Republic of Belarus M. Zdorovets – Republic of Kazakhstan S. Maskevich – Republic of Belarus G. Zinovjev – Ukraine
Programme Advisory Committee Programme Advisory Committee Programme Advisory Committee for Particle Physics for Nuclear Physics for Condensed Matter Physics Chairperson: I. Tserruya (Israel) Chairperson: M. Lewitowicz (France) Chairperson: D. L. Nagy (Hungary) Scientific Secretary: A. Cheplakov Scientific Secretary: N. Skobelev Scientific Secretary: O. Belov INTERNAL ORGANIZATION OF THE JOINT INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH
DIRECTORATE Director V. Matveev First Vice-Director G. Trubnikov Vice-Director S. Dmitriev Vice-Director V. Kekelidze Vice-Director R. Lednický Vice-Director B. Sharkov Chief Scientific Secretary A. Sorin Chief Engineer B. Gikal
Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics
Director D. Kazakov Director V. Shvetsov Research in Research in – nuclei by neutron spectroscopy methods – symmetry properties of elementary particles – fundamental properties of neutrons – field theory structures – atomic structure and dynamics of solids and liquids – interactions of elementary particles – high-temperature superconductivity – theory of atomic nuclei – reactions on light nuclei – theory of condensed matter – materials by neutron scattering, neutron activation analysis and neutron radiography methods – dynamic characteristics of the pulsed reactor IBR-2
Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energy Physics Laboratory of Information Technologies
Director V. Kekelidze Director V. Korenkov Research in – structure of nucleons Research in – strong interactions of particles – provision of operation and development of the JINR – resonance phenomena in particle interactions computing and networking infrastructure – electromagnetic interactions – optimal usage of international computer networks and – relativistic nuclear physics information systems – particle acceleration techniques – modern methods of computer physics, development – interactions of multicharged ions in a wide energy range of standard software
Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems Laboratory of Radiation Biology
Director V. Bednyakov Director A. Bugai
Research in – strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions of particles, Research in particle structure – radiation genetics and radiobiology – nuclear structure – photo radiobiology – nuclear spectroscopy – astrobiology – mesoatomic and mesomolecular processes – radiation protection physics – particle acceleration techniques – mathematical simulation of radiation-induced effects – radiobiology
Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions University Centre
Director S. Sidorchuk Director S. Pakuliak
Research in – properties of heavy elements, fusion and fission of complex Directions of activities: nuclei, cluster radioactivity, reactions on an isomer – education programme for senior students hafnium target – preparation of qualification papers by students and – reactions with beams of radioactive nuclei, structure of postgraduates neutron-rich light nuclei, nonequilibrium processes – holding international student practice courses and schools – interactions of heavy ions with condensed matter – popularization of achievements in modern science – particle acceleration techniques – advanced training of the Institute personnel
Central Services
– central scientific and information departments – administrative and economic units – manufacturing units from 1 January 2004 to 30 September 2020 in Having heard and discussed the report “Re- the amount of US$ 3271.1 thousand (60% of sults of the audit of JINR’s financial activi- the current arrears) and to approve the sched- ties performed for the year 2019” presented ule of repayment of the remaining part of the by D. Korsakov, Director of the audit company current arrears of the Republic of Uzbekistan to “Korsakov and Partners”, the Committee of Ple- the JINR budget in the amount of US$ 2180.8 nipotentiaries approved the auditors’ report and thousand. the Accounting Report of JINR for the year The CP commissioned the Working Group 2019 taking note of the Plan of measures on under the CP Chair for JINR Financial Issues the follow-up of the audit of JINR’s financial together with the Plenipotentiary of the Gov- activities of the year 2019, prepared by the JINR ernment of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the JINR Directorate to consider the issue of repay- Directorate. ment of the restructured arrears of the Republic The Committee of Plenipotentiaries wel- of Uzbekistan that arose before 1 January 2002 comed the initiative of the Plenipotentiary of in the amount of US$ 1051.7 thousand and the the Government of the Republic of Bulgaria, arrears that arose for 2002–2003 in the amount L. Kostov, to declare 2021 as the Year of Bul- of US$ 1081.8 thousand, and submit propos- gariaatJINRandpresentedadetailedplanof als for consideration at the Finance Committee events to be held in Bulgaria and at JINR at the meeting and the CP session in November 2021. next CP session in March 2021.
SESSIONS OF THE JINR SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL
The 127th session of the JINR Scientific Development in 2022: Status and Prospect” Council took place on 20–21 February. It presented by M. Spiro (France). was chaired by JINR Director V. Matveev The Scientific Council approved the recom- and Professor C. Borcea of the H. Hulubei mendations of the juries on the award of the National Institute of Physics and Nuclear N. Bogoliubov Prize and of the B. Pontecorvo Engineering (Bucharest, Romania). Prize, also on the award of the JINR annual prizes for best papers in the fields of scientific V. Matveev delivered a comprehensive report research, methodology, research and technology, covering the highlights of the year 2019 for andappliedresearch. JINR, the decisions of the latest session of the Election of the Director of FLNR and en- JINR Committee of Plenipotentiaries in Hanoi, dorsement of the appointment of Deputy Direc- Vietnam (November 2019), the current state torsofLRBwereheldatthesession.The of the JINR priority research programmes, the vacancies of positions of Deputy Directors of activities in the area of human resources train- FLNR were announced. ing and staff qualification raising at JINR as General Considerations of the Resolu- well as recent events in JINR’s international tion. Following the report by JINR Director cooperation. V. Matveev, the Scientific Council congratulated The Scientific Council heard reports con- JINR on its active participation in the key cerning progress in implementing the Sev- events of the International Year of the Periodic en-Year Plan for the Development of JINR for Table of Chemical Elements, which ended with 2017–2023 in its major sections, presented by the IYPT Closing Ceremony in Tokyo on 5 De- JINR Acting Vice-Director and VBLHEP Di- cember 2019. The achievements presented by rector V. Kekelidze (NICA project), by JINR JINR within the IYPT emphasized the leading Vice-Director R. Lednicky´ (particle physics), by role of this Institute in the synthesis and study JINR Vice-Director M. Itkis (nuclear physics), of properties of new superheavy elements. and by JINR Vice-Director B. Sharkov (con- The Scientific Council noted with satisfac- densed matter physics, radiation biology). tion the commissioning and the successful tech- The recommendations of the Programme Ad- nological start-up of the Booster of the NICA visory Committees were reported by I. Tserruya complex, which took place on 23 December (PAC for Particle Physics), M. Lewitowicz (PAC 2019, and the ongoing work on the installation for Nuclear Physics), and D. L. Nagy (PAC for of the superconducting MPD magnet in the Condensed Matter Physics). NICA collider hall. The Scientific Council heard the scientific The Scientific Council welcomed the new ag- report “International Year of Basic Sciences for reements on joint activities on the NICA project
18 signed with five Polish and five Mexican re- Technological University with support of the search centres and universities as well as the Moscow Region Government. updatedJINR–GSICooperationAgreementon The Scientific Council welcomed the efforts German participation in the NICA project sig- being made by the JINR Directorate towards en- ned by the partners during the Helmholtz Win- suring a competitive level of salaries for JINR’s ter Readings in Moscow on 6 February 2020. qualified scientists, engineers and specialists. The Scientific Council congratulated the The Scientific Council noted the recent leaders of the NICA project: I. Meshkov on achievements in strengthening JINR’s interna- hiselectionasFullMemberoftheRussian tional cooperation. These include the ongoing Academy of Sciences (RAS) and V. Kekelidze on process of restoration of the full membership of his election as Corresponding Member of RAS. the Republic of Uzbekistan in JINR, the signing The Scientific Council appreciated the com- of the JINR–Serbia Roadmap for Cooperation, missioning, in 2019, of five photodetector clus- the ongoing implementation of the JINR–BMBF ters within the Baikal-GVD project — the lar- Joint Declaration of Intent, the negotiations gest deep-water neutrino telescope in the Nor- held with JINR’s participation within two recent thern Hemisphere with an effective volume of meetings of the Group of Senior Officials on 3 0.25 km as well as the plans for installing two Global Research Infrastructures and on BRICS additional clusters with 576 optical modules in Research Infrastructures. 2020. The Scientific Council welcomed the co- Implementation of the Seven-Year Plan ordination, by the Russian Ministry of Science for the Development of JINR for 2017–2023 and Higher Education, of the cooperation within and Proposals of Updates to the Plan. The the Baikal-GVD project between JINR and the Scientific Council took note of the reports Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian concerning progress in implementing the Sev- Academy of Sciences. en-Year Plan for the Development of JINR for The Scientific Council recognized the signif- 2017–2023. The speakers also presented their icant progress achieved in developing the con- proposals for updates to the Plan which concern, cept of a new neutron source at JINR as well in particular: as FLNP’s activities on continued upgrade and — the schedules for completion and start of development of the IBR-2 facility, its cryogenic operation of the main elements of the NICA moderators and spectrometers. It also noted complex; the successful implementation of the FLNP User — the Neutrino Programme (challenge of in- Programme at the IBR-2 spectrometer complex, creasing the effective volume of the Baikal-GVD which provides a wide range of options for re- 3) search in condensed matter physics and related detector to 0.45 km ; fields. — R&D for a new experimental hall (1st The Scientific Council endorsed the agree- class) for chemistry of superheavy elements and ment signed between JINR and the Rosatom a project for a new separator; State Atomic Energy Corporation on partner- — the topics “Neutron and optical methods ship interactions in some aspects of implement- of research” related to the Plan’s section “Con- ing large projects, including development of the densed Matter Physics”; NICA collider complex and of the Factory of — work on the project “Precision laser Superheavy Elements, exploitation of the IBR-2 metrology for accelerators and detector com- reactor, and development of JINR’s new neutron plexes”; source. — further development of the Multifunc- The Scientific Council appreciated the con- tional Information and Computing Complex. stant attention being paid by the JINR Direc- The Scientific Council endorsed these pro- torate to human resources training and staff posals. At its future sessions, it looks forward qualification raising: the beginning of operation to being informed about further progress in im- of new dissertation councils at JINR on the plementing the Seven-Year Plan and its updates, basis of its right to independently confer aca- suggesting that the format of these presenta- demic degrees and the defence of three PhD tions should be modified in the future to leave theses, the beginning of operation of the JINR more room for discussion. Distinguished Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Draft Strategic Plan for the Long-Term Programme and one year of operation of the Development of JINR. The Scientific Coun- Dubna School of Engineering on the basis of the cil took note of the report of the International Cooperation Agreement between JINR, Dubna Working Group on the draft of the Strategic State University and Bauman Moscow State Plan for the Development of JINR presented by
19 JINR Director V. Matveev and JINR Vice-Di- the report on the infrastructure developments at rector B. Sharkov. The Scientific Council ex- VBLHEP, pointing out sources of delay in civil pressed gratitude to the Working Group for construction and suggesting the need to revise the preparation of a single, integrated document procurement procedures. based on the deep analysis of materials pre- The Scientific Council welcomed the efforts sented by the thematic subgroups describing the of the MPD collaboration to develop the detector overall strategy with its flagship projects and elements with a view to completing the first partnership priorities. The Scientific Council stage of the detector construction and commis- suggestedthattheWorkingGroupshouldtake sioning by 2021. It appreciated the ongoing into account the comments and proposals made efforts of the BM@N team toward completion during the discussion at this session. of the experimental set-up for the heavy-ion run The Scientific Council recommended that the in 2021. JINR Committee of Plenipotentiaries consider The Scientific Council appreciated the the presented draft as a basis and asked the progress made by the JINR group in fulfilling JINR Directorate to continue work on strate- its obligations in the ATLAS upgrade project, in gic planning towards developing the Seven-Year particular, the continuation of mass production Plan for 2024–2030 taking into account the of the MicroMegas chambers for the New Small opinion of the Member States and defining Wheel of the Muon spectrometer. It joined the precisely their participation in major research PAC in reiterating its recommendation to the projects and the required human and material JINR Directorate to consider unifying the two resources. projects, one devoted to physics analysis and Initiative of IUPAP. The Scientific Council operation and the other focused on detector up- took note with interest of the report “Interna- grade and R&D, into a single one. The Scientific tional Year of Basic Sciences for Development Council endorsed the PAC’s recommendation on in 2022: Status and Prospect” presented by continuation of the ATLAS project for the period M. Spiro, President of the International Union of 2021–2023 with first priority. Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) and member The Scientific Council appreciated the efforts of the JINR Scientific Council. of the JINR team in the ALICE experiment in The proposal for the International Year was physics analysis concerning the photoproduction of light vector mesons in ultraperipheral Pb–Pb developed by IUPAP, with the encouragement collisions and, for the first time, the identical and support of UNESCO, the International Sci- charged kaon femtoscopic correlations in p–Pb ence Council and its many members and partner √ collisions at the energy of sNN = 5.02 TeV. institutions, including the International Union Noting the group’s contribution to the main- of Pure and Applied Chemistry. The Scientific tenance and development of the GRID-ALICE Council recommended that JINR actively sup- analysis at JINR and to the photon spectrome- port this initiative. ter upgrade, the Scientific Council encouraged Recommendations in Connection with the further increase of these efforts and supported PACs. The Scientific Council supported the rec- thePAC’srequestthatthegroupsubmitatthe ommendations made by the PACs at their meet- next PAC meeting a detailed plan of its future ings in January–February 2020, as reported at activities with milestones. this session by I. Tserruya, Chair of the PAC for The Scientific Council took note of the con- Particle Physics, M. Lewitowicz, Chair of the tribution of the JINR group in the CMS ex- PAC for Nuclear Physics, and D. L. Nagy, Chair periment to the search for extra gauge bosons of the PAC for Condensed Matter Physics. The and extra dimensions in the dimuon channel as Scientific Council requested the JINR Direc- well as the recent results on searches for extra torate to consider these recommendations while Higgs bosons decaying into pairs of b-quarks preparing the JINR Topical Plan of Research and muons. It commended the work carried out and International Cooperation for the year 2021. by the group in the Phase 1 upgrade project, in Particle Physics. Noting with satisfaction the operation of the Tier1 and Tier2 computer the installation of the magnets of the Booster centresaswellasintheCMSRegionalOpera- synchrotron in the ring and the beginning of tion Centre. commissioning work, the Scientific Council sup- The Scientific Council noted with pleasure ported the active preparatory work for starting that the action plan previously requested from the collider assembly: test of the RF1 system the participants of the NA64 experiment to and progress in the serial production of the improve the ratio of FTE to participants, to collider magnets. It appreciated the openness of attract students and to get involved in data
20 analysis, was satisfactorily addressed in their re- should be carefully compared: modernization of vised proposal. The Scientific Council endorsed the present EG-5 accelerator or purchase of a the PAC’s recommendation to continue JINR’s new accelerator, taking into account the risk participation in the NA64 project for 2021–2023 associated with the proposed upgrade. with first priority. The main goal of the FLNR Factory of Su- The Scientific Council noted that the revised perheavy Elements in 2019 was to commission proposal of the FASA experiment had not an- the DC-280 cyclotron, including obtaining all swered the criticism raised at the previous PAC necessary permits for work and the production meeting. The authors have not convinced the of heavy-ion beams within the design param- PAC that FASA is a detector capable of resolving eters. The operation of the DC-280 cyclotron the open questions of the multifragmentation was officially started on 25 March 2019. Beams process. Furthermore, the FASA detector has of 12C, 40Ar, 48Ca, and 84Kr with intensities limited capability in measuring the full event in of a few particle microamperes (pμA) were ex- 4π geometry. The Scientific Council seconded tracted. In particular, the intensity of acceler- the PAC’s recommendation to reject the FASA ated 48Ca ions exceeded 5 pμA. The acceleration project. efficiency reached 51%. Recognizing the scientific merit of the The installation and commissioning of the charged-lepton flavor violation processes as new gas-filled separator GFS-2 was completed; probes for new physics, the Scientific Coun- test experiments were conducted with beams of cil appreciated JINR contributions to the ex- 40Ar and 48Ca which were delivered to GFS-2 periments Mu2e, MEG-II and COMET. The situated in the experimental hall. The ex- Scientific Council concurred with the PAC that periments showed excellent background event participation in three different experiments with suppression. Experiments with 48Са beams very similar scientific goals and competing with and targets of natYb, 174Yb, 170Er, and 206Pb each other was not fully justified. It supported were carried out; the main goal was to de- the PAC’s proposal to focus effort and resources termine the separator’s transmission and tar- on one single experiment and recommended ap- get stability when irradiated with high-intensity proval of the project with the three experiments heavy-ion beams. Synthesis of Mc isotopes for only one year. in the 48Ca + 243Am reaction will be the first Nuclear Physics. The Scientific Council test reaction for the production of superheavy noted that the Frank Laboratory of Neutron nuclei. The Scientific Council recommended Physics has good prospects for further develop- that the FLNR Directorate complete the test ment of scientific work in the following areas: experiments as soon as possible and start im- research of quantum-mechanic phenomena with plementation of the experimental programme at ultracold and cold neutrons, study of proper- the SHE Factory. ties of the neutron, study of nuclear reactions The observation of nuclei produced in multi- induced by neutrons, and applied research us- nucleon transfer (MNT) reactions with proton ing nuclear physics methods under the theme numbers up to Z = 102 at the separators SHIP “Investigations of Neutron Nuclear Interactions (GSI)andSHELS(FLNR,JINR)showedthat and Properties of the Neutron”. The Scientific these reactions could be considered as an al- Council recommended that the priorities of this ternative pathway to extend the nuclear chart theme be better focused. In particular, special towards the heaviest neutron-rich nuclei. The attention should be given to the development of Scientific Council expects that investigations of key technologies for the new neutron source. MNT reactions will highly benefit from the up- The Scientific Council appreciated the devel- grade of the U400 cyclotron complex, where it opment of activities related to IREN and en- is planned to produce also a uranium beam of couraged an active use of the extracted beams sufficient intensity. for both basic and applied research in order to Condensed Matter Physics. The Scientific make more efficient use of the facility’s operat- Council was pleased with the progress in devel- ing time. oping the concept of DNS-IV — the future neu- The Scientific Council concurred with the tron source for JINR. Two alternative concepts PACthatworkonmodernizationoftheEG-5 of DNS-IV were considered in detail by the PAC accelerator at FLNP is important. In preparing for Condensed Matter Physics: a pulsed neutron a full proposal for this project, expected accel- reactor IBR-3 with 237Np core and an accelera- erator specifications should be clearly identified tor-driven spallation neutron source with PuO2 in accordance with the priorities of expanding core providing a neutron multiplication factor of the research programme. Also, two options about 20–50. Both options had been the sub-
21 ject of a feasibility study at the N. A. Dollezhal ning of implementation of the proposed research Research and Development Institute of Power programme. Engineering (Moscow). The final recommenda- Noting the successful completion of the tion made within this study and based on such project “Development of an open information criteria as achievable neutron characteristics, and educational environment to support re- nuclear safety, engineering complexity, timeline search priorities in material science and struc- and estimated costs is to choose the option of ture of matter”, the Scientific Council supported the pulsed neutron reactor IBR-3 with NpN the PAC’s recommendation on the opening of fuel. This option was selected as the working a new project “Open information and educa- concept for further development of DNS-IV, and tional environment for supporting fundamental a detailed roadmap was developed by FLNP to and applied multidisciplinary research at JINR” implement DNS-IV. for 2021–2023 within the theme “Organization, At the same time, the Scientific Council Support and Development of the JINR Human shared the PAC’s concern about the background Resources Programme”. Given the potential of levels of the new facility and drew attention to the new project, the Scientific Council believes the crucial importance of achieving background that its implementation will help attract a new values at IBR-3 and its instruments correspond- generation of scientists to the JINR research ing to the world-best practice. teams. The Scientific Council also took note of the beginning of JINR’s cooperation with the Common Issues. The Scientific Council A. A. Bochvar High-Technology Research Insti- strongly supported the recommendation of the tute of Inorganic Materials (Moscow) aimed at PAC for Nuclear Physics that all proposals developing a roadmap for fabrication of NpN for new projects and requests for extension of reactor fuel. themes or projects contain full information on The Scientific Council appreciated the required financial and human resources and a wealth of scientific results and new instrumen- SWOT analysis. tation developments in the field of condensed Reports by Young Scientists. The Sci- matter physics at IBR-2 in 2019. It concurred entific Council followed with interest the re- with the PAC that the activities focused on the ports by young scientists, selected by the upgrade of the IBR-2 instruments were impor- PACs for presentation at this session: “Real- tant for providing competitive opportunities for time detection of supernova neutrino signal”, realization of the FLNP scientific programme “Study of No isotopes with the GABRIELA to the external users and for expanding the array”, and “Neutron activation analysis as research areas. a tool for tracing the accumulation of silver The Scientific Council welcomed the regular nanoparticles in tissues of female mice and follow-up by the PAC of the inelastic neutron their offspring”, and thanked the respective scattering research at IBR-2, also the presenta- speakers: A. Sheshukov (DLNP), A. Kuznetsova tion of analytical reports to the PAC on the cur- (FLNR), and I. Zinicovscaia (FLNP). The Sci- rent trends in neutron spectroscopy worldwide entific Council welcomes such selected reports and on the status of inelastic neutron scattering in future. spectroscopy at FLNP. The Scientific Council Awards. The Scientific Council supported took note of the PAC’s conclusion that the two reviewed spectrometers no longer satisfy the the proposal by JINR Director V. Matveev to requirements of some users. In this regard, nominate the team of staff of the Flerov Labora- the Scientific Council supported the preparatory tory of Nuclear Reactions under the leadership work towards opening the new project of devel- of Yu. Oganessian for the Prize of the JINR oping a new inelastic neutron scattering spec- Committee of Plenipotentiaries for the idea, trometer and expects that a detailed proposal for development and successful realization of the this new project will be presented at a future project of the accelerator complex of the Factory PAC meeting. of Superheavy Elements as a major achievement The Scientific Council took note of the in building JINR’s world-class research infras- information about the development of a neu- tructure, which opens unique opportunities for tron radiography and tomography facility at the promoting one of the main areas of the JINR WWR-K reactor of the Institute of Nuclear research programme — the synthesis and study PhysicsinAlmaty(Kazakhstan)incollaboration of properties of new superheavy elements. with FLNP, and the results of this activity. It The Scientific Council approved the Jury’s shared the PAC’s recommendation on the begin- recommendations presented by JINR Director
22 V. Matveev on the award of the N. Bogoliubov (LRB), until the completion of the term of office Prize: of LRB Director A. Bugay. — to D. Kazakov (JINR) for his outstanding Rules of Procedure of the Scientific Co- contributions to the development of quantum uncil. The Scientific Council discussed the field theory, renormalization theory and renor- amendments proposed by the Working Group malization group revealing the renormalization of its members, R. Tsenov, M. Waligorski,´ and properties of supersymmetric field theories; for I. Wilhelm, to the Regulations for the Election of his pioneering papers on multiloop calculations Directors and for the Endorsement of Appoint- in quantum field theory; mentsofDeputyDirectorsofJINRLaborato- — to Dam Thanh Son (Kadanoff Center ries,whicharepartoftheRulesofProcedureof for Theoretical Physics, University of Chicago, the JINR Scientific Council, and decided to con- USA) for his achievements in the fields of quan- tinue the consideration of the Draft Regulations tum chromodynamics, applications of string the- together with the JINR Directorate at the next ory and gauge/gravity duality addressing basic session. questions in strongly interacting many-body sys- The 128th session of the JINR Scientific tems; for his pioneering papers on transport Council took place by videoconference on coefficients, such as viscosity and conductiv- 17 September. It was chaired by JINR Di- ity, and on strongly coupled three-dimensional rector V. Matveev and Professor C. Borcea of gauge theories. the H. Hulubei National Institute of Physics The Scientific Council approved the recom- and Nuclear Engineering (Bucharest, Roma- mendations of the Jury presented by its Chair, nia). A. Olshevskiy, on the award of the B. Pontecorvo V. Matveev delivered a comprehensive report Prize to F. Gianotti (CERN) for her leading con- covering information about JINR’s operation tributions to the experimental studies of funda- during the COVID-19 pandemic, the decisions mental interactions and to the discovery of the of the latest session of the JINR Committee Higgs boson. of Plenipotentiaries held by videoconference in The Scientific Council approved the Jury’s June 2020, recent achievements in science and recommendations presented by JINR Vice-Di- technology in the main areas of JINR activities rector B. Sharkov on the award of JINR annual as well as recent events in JINR’s cooperation prizes for best papers in the fields of scientific with its partner institutions and organizations. research, methodology, research and technology, The recommendations of the Programme Ad- and applied research. visory Committees were reported by I. Tserruya The Scientific Council congratulated (PAC for Particle Physics), M. Lewitowicz (PAC Ts. Tsogtsaikhan, staff member of FLNP from for Nuclear Physics), and D. L. Nagy (PAC for Mongolia, on his successful defence of his PhD Condensed Matter Physics). thesis in physics and mathematics at JINR and The Scientific Council approved the Jury’s on the award of the first PhD Diploma issued recommendation on the award of the V. Dzhe- on the basis of JINR’s right to independently lepov Prize. confer academic degrees. The endorsement of appointments of FLNR Deputy Directors was held at the session. Election, Endorsement, and Announce- General Considerations of the Resolu- ment of Vacancies in the Directorates of tion. Following the report by JINR Director JINR Laboratories. The Scientific Council V. Matveev, the Scientific Council appreciated elected S. Sidorchuk as Director of the Flerov the efforts being made by the JINR Directorate Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (FLNR) for to ensure the stable operation of JINR under a term of five years. The Scientific Council conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic and of thanked S. Dmitriev for his successful tenure as health protection measures for the staff and Director of this Laboratory. visitors. The Scientific Council announced the vacan- The Scientific Council recognized recent cies of positions of FLNR Deputy Directors. achievements in implementing and developing The endorsement of appointments will take place JINR’s major facilities, in particular: at the next session of the Scientific Council in — the progress achieved in constructing the September 2020. NICA megascience complex including a unique The Scientific Council endorsed the appoint- technological accomplishment accompanied by ment of A. Boreyko and A. Chizhov as Deputy obtaining the first scientific results, the regu- Directors of the Laboratory of Radiation Biology lar functioning of the Supervisory Board of the
23 NICA Complex Project and its Cost and Sched- Incentive Fund and developing the correspond- ule Review Committee, the signing of several ing Regulations for its use. dedicated agreements on cooperation between The Scientific Council welcomed the prepa- JINR and the Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion ration by the JINR Directorate of a plan of Research (GSI, Germany), the Federal Ministry activities for the year 2021 dedicated to the of Education and Research (BMBF, Germany), celebration of the 65th anniversary of JINR and the Ministry of Science and Technology of (26 March 2021) both at JINR and in Member the People’s Republic of China; States. — the full readiness of the DC-280 accelera- Recommendations in Connection with the tor for the start of Day-1 experiment, including PACs. The Scientific Council took note of the preparing the americium-243 target, obtaining recommendations made by the PACs at their a calcium-48 beam of high intensity, and per- meetings in June–July 2020, as reported at this forming a series of test experiments as well session by I. Tserruya, Chair of the PAC for as launching a new cross-laboratory project of Particle Physics, M. Lewitowicz, Chair of the FLNR, LIT and BLTP entitled “Superheavy nu- PAC for Nuclear Physics, and D. L. Nagy, Chair clei and atoms: Limits of nuclear mass and of the PAC for Condensed Matter Physics. The boundaries of the Periodic Table” and supported Scientific Council requested the JINR Direc- by the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher torate to consider these recommendations while Education within a grant competition for realiz- preparing the JINR Topical Plan of Research ing large-scale research projects in the priority and International Cooperation for the year 2021. fields of scientific and technological develop- Particle Physics. The Scientific Coun- ment; cil was pleased to note that despite the diffi- — the increased effective volume of the cult pandemic situation, the Nuclotron–NICA Baikal-GVD detector, which reached 0.35 km3 project including the VBLHEP infrastructure after the installation of two new clusters in February–April 2020, and the continuous de- developments advanced well and, basically, at velopment of the entire Neutrino Programme the necessary pace. In particular, in spite of JINR with its new results obtained in the of a two-month delay, the tests of the main experiments with JINR’s participation; Booster systems were completed and preparation — the further development of the User Pro- work for launching the Booster synchrotron was gramme for the IBR-2 spectrometers and the started. The Scientific Council seconded the efforts being made by FLNP to meet the user concern of the PAC for Particle Physics with needs by updating the IBR-2 working schedule, the lack of sufficient manpower for the collider which was shifted due to the COVID-19 lock- magnet construction and tests, and urged the down period; JINR management to take the necessary steps — the progress in development of the Multi- to address this issue that otherwise could seri- functional Information and Computing Complex, ously impact the overall schedule of the NICA including the recent integration, through the project. The Scientific Council endorsed the DIRAC Interware, of JINR’s major computing PAC’s request that the Nuclotron maximum en- resources: Tier1 and Tier2 grid components, the ergy of 4.5 GeV/nucleon should be available as “Govorun” supercomputer, the NICA cluster, the soon as possible. cluster of the National Autonomous University The Scientific Council appreciated the efforts of Mexico, and JINR storage resources. of the BM@N team on upgrading the detector The Scientific Council welcomed the new for the heavy-ion physics runs planned for 2021 initiatives in the cooperation format between and beyond and on completion of the analysis JINR and BMBF, which will focus on three key of short-range correlations of nucleon pairs in fields, each regulated by its steering commit- inverse kinematic reactions measured at the Nu- tee: Heisenberg–Landau Programme, Neutron clotron. Programme, and Young Scientists Programme. The Scientific Council welcomed the steady The Scientific Council also noted a series of progress in the assembly and production of most events and meetings held within cooperation of the MPD detector components foreseen in with Azerbaijan, France, Russia, Serbia, South the first-stage configuration as well as in the Africa as well as with CERN. production of the Inner Tracking System. At The Scientific Council commended the ef- the same time, the Scientific Council shared forts being made by JINR Directorate to en- the PAC’s concern regarding the delay in the sure the competitive level of remuneration for ECAL construction and the resulting impact on JINR’s highly qualified staff by establishing an the physics programme, with only half of the
24 coverage foreseen now at the first stage while in DUNE, both until 2023 with first priority. It the second half is expected at a later stage. also supported the PAC’s proposal to the JINR The Scientific Council appreciated the ongoing Directorate to provide the necessary resources Monte Carlo simulations of the detector and to the DUNE project in order to guarantee vis- physics processes in preparation for the first ible participation of the JINR group and to en- beams in MPD and welcomed the plans to in- courage the group to play the role of bridgehead tensify these efforts. The Scientific Council sup- for the future joining of more groups associated ported the PAC’s recommendation on extension with JINR. of the MPD project until the end of 2025 with Nuclear Physics. The Scientific Council first priority. commended the progress of work on the Fac- The Scientific Council encouraged the JINR tory of Superheavy Elements (SHE Factory) team in the COMPASS experiment to enhance reviewed by the PAC for Nuclear Physics. At its participation in the data analysis and develop present, the “flat-top” system at the DC-280 collaborative work for the physics exploitation cyclotron has been tested, leading to further of the data in order to secure scientific recog- increase in the efficiency of production of nition of the group’s two-decade-long work in heavy-ion beams. A differential pumping system COMPASS. By the project completion in 2022, is being constructed at the GFS-2 gas-filled sep- the group should explore new opportunities like, arator to accept the highest possible ion current e.g., MPD and SPD where its experience is cer- produced by DC-280. All previously scheduled tainly very much needed. The Scientific Council test experiments have been completed. The first endorsed the PAC’s recommendation concerning experiment to produce moscovium isotopes in extension of the COMPASS-II project until the the 48Ca + 243Am reaction at the SHE Factory end of 2022 with first priority. has been prepared. The americium target has The Scientific Council recognized that the been installed and tested. TAIGA project has a solid in-house component The Scientific Council supported the PAC’s with significant international participation. The recommendations on the concluding theme “Im- JINR group is playing an important role in the provement of the JINR Phasotron and Design TAIGA collaboration for the design and produc- of Cyclotrons for Fundamental and Applied Re- tion of the IACTs, but its participation in the search”. As a result of the upgrade of the data analysis should be strengthened. Publica- Phasotron and its beam lines, a stable operation tion of the methodological results obtained by of the accelerator was ensured for an average the group should be carried out more actively. of 1000 hours per year, of which about 80% The Scientific Council endorsed the PAC’s rec- was used for medical research. Research un- ommendation on extension of the TAIGA project der the theme was focused mostly on develop- until the end of 2023 with first priority. ing and improving cyclotrons used in hadron The Scientific Council appreciated the high therapy. The most important activities were quality of the work performed by the JINR carried out in collaboration with the Institute group in the Daya Bay and JUNO experiments. of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sci- The contributions of the JINR group to both ences (Krakow,´ Poland) on the modernization experiments made in many important systems of of the conventional IAC-144 cyclotron and with the detectors are acknowledged and imprinted in the Institute of Plasma Physics of the Chinese the structure of the collaboration management. Academy of Sciences (Hefei, PRC) on the design The Scientific Council supported the plans of the and manufacture of the SC200 superconduct- JINR team in the data analysis of the Daya Bay ing isochronous cyclotron for proton therapy. experiment and in the development, construction A design of the SC230 compact superconduct- and commissioning of the JUNO project. The ing cyclotron with smaller dimensions and the Scientific Council endorsed the PAC’s recom- required magnetic field level was developed by mendation to continue the participation in the the team. JUNO project until the end of 2023 with first The Scientific Council concurred with the priority. PAC’s recommendation that the DLNP Direc- The Scientific Council, taking into account torate should consider continuing the studies the visible role of the JINR group in the planned by the team in the field of develop- NOvA experiment and its solid plans for fur- ment, construction and upgrade of cyclotrons ther advances in forefront neutrino physics re- under one of the themes of this Laboratory. search with the DUNE experiment, supported The Scientific Council recommended that the the PAC’s recommendation on continuation of JINR Directorate make soon a decision on NOvA and approval of the group’s participation the Biomedical Research Centre with dedi-
25 catedprotonacceleratorandJINRcontribu- structural research using synchrotron X-rays at tion to the future medical complex for proton the SOLARIS National Synchrotron Radiation therapy. Centre and agreed with the PAC that these The Scientific Council noted the importance JINR–SOLARIS collaborative efforts in build- of the EG-5 accelerator for JINR and its Mem- ing the SOLCRYS laboratory would extend the ber States, which requires a modernization of range of condensed matter research approaches the existing accelerator or a purchase of a new at JINR. The Scientific Council shared the one with similar design parameters. In the opin- PAC’s opinion that close attention should be paid ionofthePAC,themostcost-effectivesolution to the design details of the SOLCRYS labora- is the modernization of this accelerator. The tory. Scientific Council supported the PAC’s recom- The Scientific Council supported the PAC’s mendation on the preparation and opening of recommendations on themes and projects previ- a project to modernize the existing accelerator ously approved for completion in 2020 as well and associated experimental infrastructure ac- as on new themes and projects. These recom- tivities under the theme “Investigations of Neu- mendations concern: tron Nuclear Interactions and Properties of the — closure of the theme “Investigations of Neutron” with financing from the budget of the Condensed Matter by Modern Neutron Scat- current Seven-Year Plan for the Development of tering Methods” and opening of a new theme JINR, starting in 2021. “Investigations of Functional Materials and The Scientific Council supported the recom- Nanosystems Using Neutron Scattering” for mendation on the opening of the new project 2021–2025 with a new project “Development “Measurement of ordinary muon capture for of inverse geometry inelastic neutron scatter- testing nuclear matrix elements of 2β decays ing spectrometer at the IBR-2 reactor” for (project MONUMENT)” for 2021–2023 with 2021–2023; first priority. This project is aimed at carrying — closure of the theme “Development of out experimental measurements of muon cap- Experimental Facilities for Condensed Matter ture at several daughter candidates for 2β decay Investigations with Beams of the IBR-2 Fa- nuclei. Obtained results would have high impor- cility” and opening of a new theme “Scien- tance for checking the accuracy of theoretical calculations of nuclear matrix elements. The tific and Methodological Research and Develop- measurements of muon capture will be carried ments for Condensed Matter Investigations with out at the meson factory of the Paul Scherrer IBR-2 Neutron Beams” for 2021–2025; closure Institute (PSI) in Switzerland. of the BSD and PTH projects and opening of a new project of this theme “Construction of a Condensed Matter Physics. The Scientific Council noted the results achieved in the tech- wide-aperture backscattering detector (BSD) for nical design of the IBR-3 reactor to be a new the HRFD diffractometer” for 2021–2023; neutron source of JINR as well as the beginning — closure of the project “A system for neu- of JINR’s cooperation with the potential fuel tron operando monitoring and diagnostics of ma- manufacturer. Presently, the technical require- terials and interfaces for electrochemical energy ments for the next stage of designing the new storage devices at the IBR-2 reactor”; neutron source — development of the Technical — extension of the theme “Modern Trends Proposal — have been identified and the contract and Developments in Raman Microspectroscopy for this work is being prepared. and Photoluminescence for Condensed Matter The Scientific Council welcomed the con- Studies” for 2021–2023; closure of the Nanobio- tinuous efforts in experimental studying and photonics project and opening of the Biophoton- modelling of the neutron background at the ics project for 2021–2023; spectrometers of the IBR-2 reactor as well as — extension of the theme and project “Novel in search for means of suppressing the back- Semiconductor Detectors for Fundamental and grounds at its extracted beams. The Scien- Applied Research” for 2021–2023 and of the tific Council supported the recommendation of PAS project for 2021–2023; the PAC for Condensed Matter Physics towards — opening of the new project “Study of deeper elaboration of the IBR-3 technical pro- the radioprotective properties of the Damage posal and continuation of the FLNP activities on Suppressor (Dsup) protein on a model organ- studying and suppressing neutron background at ism D. melanogaster and human cell culture the IBR-2 spectrometers. HEK293T” for 2021–2022 within the theme The Scientific Council took note of the re- “Biomedical and Radiation-Genetic Studies Us- cent developments regarding the joint facility for ing Different Types of Ionizing Radiation”;
26 — extension of the theme and project the completion of the term of office of FLNR “Research on the Biological Effect of Heavy Director S. Sidorchuk. Charged Particles with Different Energies” for Awards and Prizes. The Scientific Coun- 2021–2023. cil approved the proposal by JINR Director V. Matveev to award the title “Honorary Doc- The Scientific Council welcomed further tor of JINR” to M. Spiro (France), I. Tserruya continuation of activities within the theme “Me- (Israel), and I. Wilhelm (Czech Republic), in thods, Algorithms and Software for Modeling recognition of their outstanding contributions to Physical Systems, Mathematical Processing and the advancement of science and the education of Analysis of Experimental Data” which was po- young scientists. sitively reviewed by the PAC. The Scientific Council approved the recom- Endorsement of Appointments of FLNR mendation of the Jury presented by its member, V. Shvetsov, on the award of the V. Dzhelepov Deputy Directors. The Scientific Council Prize to E. Shabalin (FLNP, JINR) for the endorsed the appointment of G. Kaminski´ and development and construction of the world’s A. Yeremin as Deputy Directors of the Flerov unique heterogeneous cryogenic neutron moder- Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (FLNR), until ator at IBR-2.
MEETING OF THE JINR FINANCE COMMITTEE
A regular meeting of the Finance Com- Concerning the report of the JINR Chief mittee was held on 19 November in the for- Scientific Secretary A. Sorin “Progress of imple- mat of a videoconference under the chair- mentation of the Seven-Year Plan for the Devel- manship of the representative of Georgia opment of JINR for 2017−2023 and proposals A. Khvedelidze. for updating the Plan”, the Finance Committee The Finance Committee heard the report recommended the CP that it highly evaluate of the Director of the Institute V. Matveev the prepared Brief Report on the progress in and recommended that the CP note the suc- accomplishment of the current plan of JINR cessful implementation of the recommendations development in 2017–2020 and proposals on its of the JINR Scientific Council on scientific upgrading in 2021–2023, as well as endorse the tasks of the Institute and activities in devel- efforts of the JINR Directorate in implementa- opment and upgrading of JINR basic facili- tion of tasks of the current seven-year period ties; support the activities of the JINR Direc- in development of large parts of scientific re- torate in provision of implementation of tasks search infrastructure and note a great number of of the current Seven-Year Plan of JINR De- outstanding scientific results and scientific-tech- velopment; highly evaluate scientific and sci- nical elaborations in 2017–2020. entific-technical achievements of the Institute Taking into account the development of the in the main trends of research; note and en- NICA project in accordance with the recom- dorse the amendments in the Regulations of mendations of the scientific advisory commit- the Supervisory Board of the project “The tees (MAC, DAC, PAC, Scientific Council) and NICA Complex for superconducting rings at the decisions of the Supervisory Board of the heavy-ion colliding beams” on establishing the megaproject “NICA Complex”, the new regu- strength of the Supervisory Board, determina- lations on construction that required a signifi- tion of the status and authority of an observer, cant change in the building design to accommo- the order of holding meetings and voting; note date the NICA heavy-ion collider and the cor- the development of a new format of coopera- responding infrastructure complications as well tion of JINR with BMBF (Germany) in the as taking into account the adverse external cir- framework of three autonomous directions: the cumstances associated with COVID-19, which Heisenberg–Landau Programme in theoretical affected the cost and timing of the project, the physics, Neutron Programme and Young Sci- Finance Committee recommended that the CP entists Programme; take note of the activities note the calculated enlargement of the total of JINR Directorate in drafting the plan of cost of the NICA project by US$ 61.7 mil- events on the 65th anniversary of the Insti- lion. tute (26 March 2021), at JINR and in Member The Finance Committee recommended that States. the CP endorse the proposed directions of up-
27 grading of the Seven-Year Plan and recom- salary and tariff parts of the compensation pack- mended the JINR Directorate that it present the age of the staff members, taking into account final variant of the upgraded Seven-Year Plan the possibilities afforded by the JINR budget in of the JINR development at the CP session 2021, in accordance with the JINR Collective in March 2021. Bargaining Agreement for 2020–2023 and ap- Regarding the report “Draft budget of JINR prove the directions for using the Incentive Fund for the year 2021, provisional contributions of in 2021, proposed by the JINR Directorate. the Member States for the years 2022, 2023, Regarding the report “Results of the meet- and 2024” presented by M. Vasilyev, Acting ing of the Working Group under the CP Chair Head of the JINR Finance and Economy Of- for JINR Financial Issues held on 29 October fice, the Finance Committee recommended that 2020” presented by A. Khvedelidze, Plenipoten- the CP approve the JINR budget for the year tiary of the Government of Georgia to JINR, 2021 with the total income and expenditure the Finance Committee recommended that the amounting to US$ 223 811.4 thousand, approve CP agree with the proposal of the Government the scale of contributions of the JINR Member of the Republic of Uzbekistan and discuss a States for the year 2021, the contributions of possibility to resume its full participation in the Member States and the repayment of con- 2021 on the following conditions: tribution arrears of Member States in 2021 in — the Republic of Uzbekistan pays a part payment of contributions to JINR budget, as of arrear to the JINR budget in the amount of well as agree with the inclusion in the JINR US$ 30.0 thousand before the CP session in budget for 2021 of the amounts of contributions November 2020; of the Member States, with respect to which the — the CP writes off the current arrears of decision on suspension of memberships has been contributions of the Republic of Uzbekistan to taken, in order to preserve the established pro- the JINR budget for the period from 1 January portions of contributions of the Member States. 2004 to 30 September 2020 in the amount of The Finance Committee recommended that the US$ 3 271.1 thousand (60% of the current ar- CP determine the provisional volumes of the rears); JINR budget in income and expenditure for the — the Republic of Uzbekistan pays the re- year 2022 amounting to US$ 217.4 million, for maining part of the current arrears of the Re- the year 2023 amounting to US$ 222.8 million, public of Uzbekistan to the JINR budget in the for the year 2024 amounting to US$ 228.4 mil- amount of US$ 2 180.8 thousand in 20 years lion, as well as the provisional amounts of according to the schedule endorsed at the CP the Member States’ contributions for the years session in November 2020; 2022, 2023, and 2024. — after assuming the full participation to The Finance Committee recommended that JINR, the Republic of Uzbekistan will pay the CP compensate JINR’s budget deficit in the annual contribution to the JINR budget in 2021, arising from the unpaid contribution by amount approved by the CP. the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and The Finance Committee recommended that the Republic of Uzbekistan, at the expense of the CP discuss the issue of repayment of the other incomes and receipts of the JINR budget. restructured arrears of the Republic of Uzbek- The Finance Committee recommended that istan that arose before 1 January 2002 in the the CP approve the budget for the use of the amount of US$ 1 051.7 thousand and the ar- special-purpose funds of the Russian Federation, rears that arose for 2002–2003 in the amount of allocated in accordance with the Agreement be- US$ 1 081.8 thousand, after the full participa- tween the Government of the Russian Federa- tion of the Republic of Uzbekistan to JINR. tion and JINR on the construction and exploita- Regarding the report “Results of the audit tion of the NICA complex of superconducting of JINR’s financial activities performed for the rings for heavy-ion colliding beams, for the year year 2019 and analysis of implementation by 2021 in the amount of 3 787 442.7 thousand the Directorate of the Institute of the Plan of rubles. Activities on the results of the audit of financial The Finance Committee recommended that activities of JINR in 2018” presented by D. Kor- the CP approve the consolidated adjustment sakov, Director of the audit company “Korsakov of the JINR budget for the year 2020 over and Partners”, the Finance Committee recom- 9 months. mended that the CP approve the auditors’ report The Finance Committee recommended that and the Accounting Report of JINR for the year the CP allow the JINR Director to index the 2019.
28 MEETINGS OF THE JINR PROGRAMME ADVISORY COMMITTEES
The 51st meeting of the Programme The PAC recommended that the authors of Advisory Committee for Condensed Matter future reports on new instrumentation develop- Physics was held on 20–21 January. It was ments at IBR-2 be explicit on possible threats chairedbyProfessorD.L.Nagy. and difficulties of the development or upgrade of each particular facility under consideration. The The Chair of the PAC presented an overview demands of the respective user community for a of the implementation of the recommendations particular instrument should be clearly justified taken at the previous meeting. JINR Vice-Di- and the relevance to corresponding tasks of the rector B. Sharkov informed the PAC about the current Seven-Year Plan for the Development of Resolution of the 126th session of the JINR JINR should be reflected in presentations. Scientific Council (September 2019) and about The PAC heard information presented by the decisions of the JINR Committee of Pleni- D. Chudoba on the statistics of the FLNP User potentiaries (November 2019). Programme at the IBR-2 spectrometers. It The PAC heard a progress report on de- supported further developing the FLNP User veloping the concept of a new neutron source Programme, including the neutron activation at FLNP presented by V. Shvetsov. The PAC analysis facility, and recommended considering noted the results of consideration of two alter- a possibility of changing the application submit- native concepts of DNS-IV: a pulsed neutron ting period for the second round. reactor IBR-3 with 237Np core and an accelera- The PAC heard reports presented by W. Za- tor-driven spallation neutron source with PuO2 j¸ac and D. Chudoba on the current trends in neu- core providing a neutron multiplication factor of tron spectroscopy and on the status of inelastic about 20–50. Both options had been under a neutron scattering spectroscopy at FLNP. It feasibility study at the N. A. Dollezhal Research noted that the two spectrometers mentioned in and Development Institute of Power Engineer- the reports no longer satisfied the requirements ing (Moscow). The final recommendation made of users. The PAC took note of the progress of within this study was based on such criteria work for opening the new project of developing as achievable neutron characteristics, nuclear a new inelastic neutron scattering spectrometer safety, engineering complexity, timeline and es- for 2021–2023 and supported this intention. The timated costs. According to this recommen- PAC expects a detailed proposal for this new dation, the pulsed neutron reactor IBR-3 with project to be presented at the next meeting. NpN fuel was selected as the working concept The PAC heard a report presented by K. Na- for development of DNS-IV. The PAC congratu- zarov on developing a neutron radiography and lated the FLNP Directorate on determining the tomography facility at the WWR-K reactor of working concept of the new neutron source and the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Almaty recommended its deeper elaboration. (Kazakhstan) in collaboration with FLNP. The The PAC noted the beginning of JINR’s co- PAC took note of the description of the main operation with the A. A. Bochvar High-Technol- components of the experimental set-up and of ogy Research Institute of Inorganic Materials the results of the first test experiments, and (Moscow) aimed at developing a roadmap for recommended following up with the implemen- fabrication of NpN reactor fuel as well as wel- tation of the proposed research programme. comed the detailed roadmap for the DNS-IV The PAC considered the report presented implementation presented at the meeting. byYu.Panebrattsevonthecompletedproject The PAC was informed by D. Kozlenko about “Development of an open information and edu- the main results of instrumentation develop- cational environment to support research priori- ments and scientific research in the field of ties in material science and structure of matter” condensed matter physics at the IBR-2 reactor and the proposal for opening a new project in 2019. The PAC considered the activities “Open information and educational environment focused on the upgrade of the IBR-2 instruments for supporting fundamental and applied multidis- to be important for providing competitive re- ciplinary research at JINR”. The PAC noted the search opportunities to the external users and results of the completed project which include, for expanding the research areas. The PAC in particular, the creation of a system of online appreciated the demonstrated examples of the coursesinthemainfieldsofJINRresearchand new scientific results and instrumentation devel- the implementation of the megascience projects. opments at IBR-2 achieved in 2019. Given the potential of the new project, the PAC
29 considered that it could attract a new generation various areas: research of quantum-mechanical of scientists to the JINR research teams. In phenomena with ultracold and cold neutrons, view of the successful implementation of the study of properties of the neutron, study of concluded project, the PAC recommended its nuclear reactions induced by neutrons, and ap- closing and opening the new one for implemen- plied research using nuclear physics methods. tation in 2021–2023. The PAC noted that the research areas within ThePACheardwithinterestthefollowing the framework of this theme were developing scientific reports: “Microscopic mechanism of successfully, and the scientific programme for the spontaneous polarization in strontium hex- the period 2020–2022 is broad and relevant. aferrites”, “Ultrasensitive detection of analyte At the same time, the PAC recommended that molecules at attomolar concentration by Ra- priorities of this theme be better focused, with man spectroscopy”, “Superconductor spintron- particular emphasis on the development of key ics based on Josephson nanostructures”, “TEM technologies for a new neutron source. The PAC examination of the ceramics irradiated with encouraged an active use of the IREN extracted heavy ions of fission fragment energies” and beams for both basic and applied research. “Structural modification of carbon materials by The PAC heard a report on the plans for swift heavy ions” and thanked the speakers modernization of the EG-5 accelerator, presen- V. Turchenko, G. Arzumanyan, Yu. Shukrinov, ted by A. Doroshkevich. The PAC considered V. Skuratov, and A. Olejniczak for their excel- the work on the modernization of the acceler- lent presentations. ator to be very important for maintaining and The PAC took note of the information about developing the scientific potential of FLNP as the international conference “Radiobiological Ba- well as for expanding the field of scientific in- sis of Radiation Therapy” (17–18 October 2019, vestigations. The PAC recommended presenting Dubna) presented by I. Koshlan. a full proposal of the project for EG-5, com- The PAC reviewed 15 poster presentations paring carefully two options: modernization of made by young scientists in condensed matter the present EG-5 accelerator or purchase of a physics and related fields. The poster “Neutron new accelerator taking into account the risk activation analysis as a tool for tracing the accu- associated with the proposed upgrade. mulation of silver nanoparticles in tissues of fe- The PAC heard a proposal for opening a new male mice and their offspring” by I. Zinicovscaia project BECQUEREL presented by P. Zarubin. was selected as the best poster at the session. Despite the fact that studies of nuclear fragmen- The PAC noted two other high-quality posters: tation using nuclear emulsions have a very long “Synthesis and research of magnetic nanopar- history, this method still keeps promising op- ticles of the “core-shell” type for bioapplications” portunities. After a lengthy discussion the PAC by A.Nazarova and “Investigation of the internal recommended that a renewed project proposal be structure and atomic dynamics of pharmaceu- presented at the PAC meeting in January 2021. tical compounds under the influence of high The PAC heard reports on the status and pressure” by N. Belozerova. plans for the Factory of Superheavy Elements (SHE Factory) presented by V. Semin (DC-280 The 51st meeting of the Programme Ad- cyclotron) and V. Utyonkov (GFS-2 separator). visory Committee for Nuclear Physics was The main goal in 2019 was to commission held on 30–31 January. It was chaired by the DC-280 cyclotron, including the approval Professor M. Lewitowicz. of all necessary permits for work and the pro- The Chair of the PAC presented an overview duction of heavy-ion beams within the design of the implementation of the recommendations parameters. To date, beams of 12C, 40Ar, 48Ca, taken at the previous meeting. JINR Vice-Di- and 84Kr with intensities of a few particle mi- rector M. Itkis informed the PAC about the croamperes (pμA) have been extracted. The Resolution of the 126th session of the Scien- installation and commissioning of the new gas- tific Council (September 2019) and about the filled separator (GFS-2) was completed. A series decisions of the Committee of Plenipotentiaries of test experiments for the optimization of the (November 2019). parameters of the separator was conducted with The PAC heard a report on the theme “In- alpha particles and the natYb(40Ar, xn)207−212Ra vestigations of Neutron Nuclear Interactions reaction products. The experiments showed ex- and Properties of the Neutron” presented by cellentbackgroundeventsuppression,andex- E. Lychagin. This report covered the results periments with 48Са beams and targets of natYb, obtained in recent months and the prospects for 174Yb, 170Er, and 206Pb were carried out. The further development of scientific work in the synthesisofMcisotopesinthe48Ca + 243Am
30 reaction will be the first test reaction for the Scientific Council and about the decisions of the production of superheavy nuclei. JINR Committee of Plenipotentiaries. The PAC recommended that FLNR complete The PAC took note of the reports concerning the test experiments as soon as possible and the current preparation of the draft of the Strate- start implementing the experimental programme gic Plan for the long-term development of JINR at the SHE Factory. in its major sections, and in particular those The PAC heard the report “Prospects of in- related to particle physics, heavy-ion physics vestigation of multinucleon transfer reactions” andspinphysics,presentedbyB.Sharkovand presented by A. Yeremin, concerning the current D. Naumov. The PAC looks forward to being status and prospects of studying the structure of informed about the final version of the Strategic heavy nuclei produced in multinucleon transfer Plan. (MNT) reactions. Observation of isotopes with ThePACheardwithinterestthereport proton numbers up to Z = 102 at the SHIP on the progress towards realization of the (GSI) and SHELS (FLNR, JINR) separators Nuclotron–NICA project presented by A. Sido- have shown that MNT reactions can be con- rin. The PAC was pleased to note that all the sidered as an alternative pathway to extend the magnets of the Booster synchrotron had been nuclear chart towards the heaviest neutron-rich installed in the ring, that commissioning work nuclei. The PAC noted that, along with the had started, and active preparatory work was study of new isotopes, the exploration of the underway for starting the collider assembly. MNT-reaction mechanism is of great impor- The PAC appreciated the openness of the tance, and strongly supported the development report on the infrastructure developments at of a specialized set-up dedicated to a compre- VBLHEP presented by N. Agapov, pointing out hensive study of such a mechanism. The PAC at sources of delay in civil construction and recommended presenting as soon as possible a suggesting the need to revise procurement pro- detailed project of a new set-up aimed at mea- cedures. suring features of the MNT reactions and their The PAC took note of the reports on the heavy products. progress towards realization of the BM@N and The PAC heard the scientific reports “Fusion MPD projects presented by M. Kapishin and reactions in nuclear astrophysics” presented by A. Kisiel, and welcomed the collaborations’ ef- V. Sargsyan and “Investigation of prompt neu- forts to develop the detector elements and com- trons from fission induced by resonance neu- plete construction of the detectors. trons” presented by Sh. Zeynalov. The PAC took note of the upgrade plans of The PAC reviewed 13 poster presentations in the ATLAS detector presented by A. Cheplakov. the field of nuclear physics research by young The PAC appreciated the progress made by the scientists from FLNR. The best posters se- JINR group in continuation of mass production lected were “Study of No isotopes with the of the MicroMegas chambers for the New Small GABRIELA array” presented by A. Kuznetsova, Wheel of the Muon spectrometer and the contri- “Effective method of excitation function mea- bution to the development of readout electronics surement for (α, n) reactions at low energies” for the liquid argon hadronic calorimeter. At presented by E. Gazeeva, and “Data acquisition the same time, the PAC is concerned that the and control systems developed for the synthe- JINR ATLAS team is split into two groups, sis of superheavy elements at the experimen- a hardware group and an analysis team. The tal set-up GFS-2” presented by L. Schlattauer. PAC recommended continuation of JINR’s par- Theposter“StudyofNoisotopeswiththe ticipation in the ATLAS upgrade project for the GABRIELA array” was recommended for pre- period 2021–2023 with first priority, reiterating sentation at the session of the Scientific Council its recommendation made at its previous meet- in February 2020. ing to consider unifying the two JINR ATLAS projects, one devoted to physics analysis and The 52nd meeting of the Programme Ad- operations and the other focused on detector visory Committee for Particle Physics took upgrade and R&D, into a single one. place on 3–4 February. It was chaired by ThePACheardwithinteresttherevised Professor I. Tserruya. proposal of the NA64 experiment presented by The Chair of the PAC presented an overview D. Peshekhonov and recommended continuation of the implementation of the recommendations of JINR’s participation in the NA64 project for taken at the previous meeting. JINR Vice-Di- the period 2021–2023 with first priority. The rector R. Lednicky´ informed the PAC about the PAC was pleased to note that the action plan Resolution of the 126th session of the JINR previously requested from the authors to im-
31 prove the ratio of FTE to participants, to attract processes, and in the search for a valence-like students and to get involved in data analysis, nonperturbative component of heavy quarks in was satisfactorily addressed. the proton. The JINR group received an ATLAS The PAC took note of the proposal for the Software Development Grant to participate in FASA experiment presented by S. Avdeev and the development of the event triggers indexing adjusted for the criticism expressed at the pre- infrastructure and implementation of the new vious meeting. The PAC recommended rejection configurations mechanism for the AthenaMT of the FASA project since the authors had not framework. The PAC appreciated the group’s provided convincing arguments that FASA was plans to continue the above-mentioned analyses a detector capable of resolving the open question and expand its participation in the ATLAS soft- of the multifragmentation process. ware development. ThePACheardwithinteresttheproposal The PAC took note of the new results and of a new project “Search for new physics in current activities of the JINR group in the CMS the charged lepton sector” which includes three experiment at the LHC presented by V. Alek- experiments: Mu2e and MEG-II presented by sakhin. The PAC appreciated the contribution of V. Glagolev and COMET presented by Z. Tsa- this group to the search for extra gauge bosons malaidze. The PAC recognized the scientific and extra dimensions in the dimuon channel, merit of the charged-lepton flavor violation pro- the recent results on searches for extra Higgs cesses as probes for new physics; however, it bosons decaying into a pair of b-quarks and considers that participation in three different muons, and the cross-section measurements of experiments with very similar scientific goals Drell–Yan lepton pair production. It also com- and competing with each other is not fully mended the operation and service work carried justified. The PAC proposed that effort and out by the group in the Phase 1 upgrade project, resources be focused on one single experiment, in the operation of the Tier1 and Tier2 computer thus providing better conditions for the JINR centres, as well as the CMS Regional Operation team to achieve stronger impact, visibility and Centre. leadership in that experiment. Realizing the The PAC reviewed 18 poster presentations in complexity associated with such a decision, particle physics by young scientists from DLNP, the PAC recommended approval of the project BLTP and VBLHEP, and selected the poster with the three experiments for only one year. “Real-time detection of supernova neutrino sig- This should allow enough time for the pro- nal” presented by A. Sheshukov to be reported at ponents, in coordination with the DLNP Di- the session of the Scientific Council in February rector and JINR management, to decide on 2020. the long-term involvement in this interesting physics project. The 52nd meeting of the Programme Ad- The PAC took note of the report on the visory Committee for Nuclear Physics was results obtained by the JINR group in the held on 25 June by videoconference. It was ALICE experiment at the LHC presented by chaired by Professor M. Lewitowicz. E. Rogochaya. These concern the photoproduc- tion of light vector mesons in ultraperipheral The Chairman of the PAC presented an Pb–Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV and, for the first overview of the implementation of the rec- time, the identical charged kaon femtoscopic ommendations taken at the previous meeting. √correlations in p–Pb collisions at the energy of JINR Vice-Director S. Dmitriev informed the sNN = 5.02 TeV which showed consistency PAC about the Resolution of the 127th session with the predictions of hydrodynamic models. of the Scientific Council (February 2020) and The PAC appreciated the effort of the JINR team about the decisions of the Committee of Pleni- in physics analyses and requested it to submit potentiaries (June 2020). at the next PAC meeting a detailed plan of its The PAC was informed about the appoint- future activities with milestones. ments of G. Trubnikov as First Vice-Direc- The PAC took note of the report on the tor of JINR, S. Dmitriev as Vice-Director of physics results obtained by the JINR group in JINR, B. Sharkov as Vice-Director of JINR, the ATLAS experiment at the LHC presented and S. Sidorchuk as Director of FLNR. The by E. Khramov. The group’s members have con- PAC wished them a bright future in these new tinued their analyses in defining the structure positions. The Committee also acknowledged of the proton at ultrahigh energies, in searches the excellent work accomplished by the for- for Zγ, Wγ and Hγ resonances in boosted mer FLNR Director S. Dmitriev and the former jet plus photon final states and Supersymmetry JINR Vice-Director M. Itkis who had made in-
32 valuable contributions to the progress of JINR one of the DLNP themes. It also recom- and FLNR. mended that the JINR Directorate make soon The PAC was informed about the status adecisiononthisdirectionandsupportthe of the Factory of Superheavy Elements (SHE realization of an optimized facility for proton Factory) at FLNR. At present, installation of therapy. the “flat-top” system has been completed at the The PAC heard a report on the plans for DC-280 cyclotron and is being tested. A dif- the development of the EG-5 accelerator and ferential pumping system is being constructed its experimental infrastructure at FLNP, pre- at the GFS-2 gas-filled separator; if used in sented by A. Doroshkevich. The PAC noted combination with the “flat-top” system, it will the utmost importance of EG-5 for JINR and allow experiments with the highest possible in- its Member States. The authors compared in tensity of ion beams produced by DC-280. All detail two technical solutions: modernization of previously scheduled test experiments have been the existing EG-5 accelerator and purchase of completed. The first experiment to produce a new accelerator with similar design param- 48 + 243 moscovium isotopes in the Ca Am reac- eters. The choice of the most cost-effective tion has been prepared. solution is modernization of the EG-5 accele- The PAC heard a report on the results of rator. work under the theme “Improvement of the The PAC recommended that the FLNP Di- JINR Phasotron and Design of Cyclotrons for rectorate prepare and open a project to mod- Fundamental and Applied Research”, presented ernize the existing accelerator and associated by G. Karamysheva. experimental infrastructure activities under the DuetotheupgradeofthePhasotronandits theme “Investigations of Neutron Nuclear In- beam lines carried out between 2016 and 2020, teractions and Properties of the Neutron” with a stable operation of the accelerator was en- financing from the budget of the current Sev- sured for an average of 1000 hours per year; of en-Year Plan for the Development of JINR, these, about 80% was used for medical research. starting in 2021. Research under the theme was focused mostly The PAC heard a proposal to open a new on developing and improving cyclotrons used in project “Measurement of ordinary muon cap- hadron therapy. ture for testing nuclear matrix elements of 2β The most important activities were carried decays (project MONUMENT)” presented by out in collaboration with the Institute of Nu- D. Zinatulina. This project is aimed at carrying clear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, on out experimental measurements of muon cap- the modernization of the IAC-144 cyclotron β in Krakow´ and with the Institute of Plasma ture at several daughter candidates on 2 -decay Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences nuclei. Obtained results would be of high impor- (Hefei) on the design and manufacture of the su- tance for checking the accuracy of theoretical perconducting isochronous SC200 cyclotron for calculations of nuclear matrix elements. The proton therapy. Design of the SC230 compact measurements of muon capture will be carried superconducting cyclotron with smaller dimen- out at the meson factory of the Paul Scherrer sions and a required magnetic field level was Institute (PSI) in Switzerland. This applica- developed by the project’s group members. The tion was reviewed and approved by the PSI SC230 accelerator may become a candidate for User Committee in 2020; the beam time was further realization of the biomedical research officially granted for a preliminary study of 136 programme at JINR. Ba with a further experimental programme The PAC noted that for choosing the direc- for three years. This project continues and tion towards the realization of a modern proton extends the previous ordinary muon decay pro- therapy facility at JINR clear criteria needed to gramme proposed and implemented under the be formulated according to which the choice of leadership of JINR researchers from 1998 to the dedicated medical accelerator could be made, 2006. The participants of the project have in particular, to present more details on how therequiredexpertiseandexperienceinthe many patients and fractions for proton therapy field of high-precision nuclear spectroscopy and would be planned. its implementation to study not only rare pro- The PAC recommended continuing the stud- cesses but also muon capture. The PAC rec- ies planned by the team in the field of de- ommended opening the MONUMENT project velopment, construction and upgrade of cy- for 2021–2023 with first priority and pro- clotrons, including cooperation in the field viding the project with full requested fun- of medical cyclotrons within the framework of ding.
33 The 53rd meeting of the Programme Ad- to secure scientific recognition of the group’s visory Committee for Particle Physics took two-decade-long work in COMPASS. By the place on 29 June by videoconference. It was project completion in 2022, the group should chaired by Professor I. Tserruya. explore its possible participation in MPD and SPD where its expertise is certainly very much The Сhair of the PAC presented an overview needed. The PAC recommended extension of the of the implementation of the recommendations COMPASS-II project until the end of 2022 with taken at the previous meeting and highlighted first priority. the Resolution of the 127th session of the JINR The PAC took note of the report on the Scientific Council relevant to the PAC for Par- project “Astrophysical studies in the TAIGA ticle Physics. experiment” presented by L. Tkatchev and rec- The PAC heard a report on the progress ommended extension of the TAIGA project un- towards realization of the Nuclotron–NICA til the end of 2023 with first priority. The project presented by A. Sidorin. The tests of the main responsibility of the JINR group is the main Booster systems were completed. The PAC design of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Tele- welcomed the active preparations for launching scope (IACT), mechanics manufacturing and the Booster synchrotron with beam in August tests. The third telescope was sent to Siberia 2020 but expressed its concern with the lack in April 2020, the fourth IACT will be built of manpower sufficient for the collider magnet during 2021–2023. The PAC encouraged the construction and tests that could seriously im- team, in particular its young researchers, to pact the overall schedule of the NICA project. strengthen their participation in the data anal- The PAC welcomed the progress in the ysis and to publish the methodological results infrastructure developments at VBLHEP pre- obtained more actively. sented by N. Agapov. Despite the difficult pan- The PAC appreciated the report presented demic situation, all areas of infrastructure de- by D. Naumov on JINR’s participation in the velopment are advancing without downtime and Daya Bay and JUNO experiments. The JINR basically at the necessary pace. team will continue the neutrino oscillation anal- The PAC appreciated the progress to- ysis and searches for sterile neutrinos in the wards upgrade of the BM@N detector for the Daya Bay experiment and will contribute to the heavy-ion physics runs planned for 2021, pre- development, construction and commissioning of sented by M. Kapishin. It encouraged the various parts of the JUNO project: high-voltage BM@N team to publish the results obtained units, Top Tracker detector, new test station with the C and Ar beams as soon as possible. forthelargedetectorPMTs,TAOneardetec- The PAC took note of the report on the tor, software packages for data processing and progress towards realization of the MPD project Global Neutrino Analysis. The JINR data centre presented by A. Kisiel and recommended exten- is expected to be one of the three European sion of the project until the end of 2025 with centres managing JUNO data. The PAC noted first priority. The PAC welcomed the steady the high quality of the work performed by the progress in the assembly and production of most JINR group and recommended continuation of MPD detector components foreseen in the first the JUNO project with first priority until the stage configuration. The PAC expressed its con- end of 2023. cern with the delay in the ECAL construction The PAC heard with interest the report on and the resulting impact on the physics pro- JINR’s participation in the NOvA experiment gramme, with only half of the coverage foreseen and on the new results in the study of neutrino now at the first stage while the second half is oscillations, presented by A. Olshevskiy. Since expected at a later stage. The PAC appreciated 2014 the JINR group has made significant con- the ongoing Monte Carlo simulations of the tributions to the experiment, the team members detector and physics processes while preparing arewellinvolvedintheongoingneutrinoos- the first beams in MPD and welcomed the plans cillation analyses and the studies of supernova to intensify this effort. and atmospheric neutrinos, as well as in Dirac The PAC took note of the report on the monopole searches. JINR employees also act in project“Studiesofthenucleonandhadron various leading roles, such as Detector Simula- structure at CERN — Project COMPASS-II” tion Convener, offline and DAQ software release presented by A. Nagaytsev. The PAC encour- managers, DAQ, DDT and ROC experts. aged the JINR team to enhance its participation The JINR group also presented its plans in the data analysis and develop collaborative for the future LBNF/DUNE neutrino project at work for the physics exploitation of the data Fermilab/SURF, with a gradual increase of their
34 participation in this large-scale international ex- tional Materials and Nanosystems Using Neu- periment expected to start after completion of tron Scattering” for 2021–2025. NOvA. The PAC recommended continuation of The PAC supported the proposal for opening NOvA and approval of the group’s participation a new project “Development of inverse geom- in DUNE, both until 2023 with first priority. etry inelastic neutron scattering spectrometer The PAC encouraged the JINR Directorate to at the IBR-2 reactor” for 2021–2023, presented provide the necessary resources to the DUNE by D. Chudoba. The estimated parameters of project in order to guarantee visible participa- the new spectrometer are up to two orders of tion of the group. The JINR group should play magnitude better than those of the NERA spec- the role of bridgehead for the future joining of trometer. The new spectrometer with the pro- more groups associated with JINR. posed parameters is expected to be competitive to similar devices already existing in leading The 52nd meeting of the Programme European neutron laboratories. Advisory Committee for Condensed Mat- The PAC recommended closure of the theme terPhysicswasheldon2Julybyvideo- “Development of Experimental Facilities for conference. It was chaired by Professor Condensed Matter Investigations with Beams of D. L. Nagy. the IBR-2 Facility” as reported by S. Kulikov and opening the new theme “Scientific and Method- The PAC took note of the report on the ological Research and Developments for Con- development of a new neutron source at FLNP densed Matter Investigations with IBR-2 Neu- presented by V. Shvetsov. The PAC noted the tron Beams” for 2021–2025. The PAC noted results achieved in the technical design of the with satisfaction that all work planned under the IBR-3 reactor as well as the beginning of JINR’s concluding theme had been successfully com- cooperation with the potential fuel manufac- pleted. The PAC recommended closure of the turer. The technical requirements for the de- completed BSD and PTH projects, as reported velopment of the Technical Proposal of the new by V. Kruglov and A. Chernikov, respectively, neutron source were prepared in cooperation and opening the new project “Construction of a with the N. A. Dollezhal Research and Develop- wide-aperture backscattering detector (BSD) for ment Institute of Power Engineering (Moscow). the HRFD diffractometer” for implementation in A collaborative workgroup from FLNP’s Depart- 2021–2023. ment of Spectrometer Complex and Department The PAC considered the written report pre- of Neutron Investigations of Condensed Matter sented by M. Avdeev on the concluding project continued activities on the experimental deter- “A system for neutron operando monitoring mination, modeling and search for means of and diagnostics of materials and interfaces for suppressing the backgrounds at the extracted electrochemical energy storage devices at the beams of the IBR-2 reactor. The PAC recom- IBR-2 reactor”. The PAC was pleased to note mended deeper elaboration of the IBR-3 Techni- that the project objectives on wide adaptation cal Proposal and continuation of the activities on of neutron scattering methods and sample envi- studying and suppressing neutron background at ronment systems for studying the evolution of the IBR-2 instruments. the structure of electrochemical interfaces and The PAC took note of the information about electrode materials in operando mode had been developments regarding the joint facility for fully achieved and recommended closure of the structural research using synchrotron X-rays project. at the SOLARIS National Synchrotron Radi- The PAC recommended extension of the ation Centre, presented by N. Kucerka.ˇ The theme “Modern Trends and Developments in Ra- JINR–SOLARIS collaborative efforts towards man Microspectroscopy and Photoluminescence building the SOLCRYS laboratory will extend for Condensed Matter Studies” for 2021–2023 the suite of condensed matter research ap- reported by G. Arzumanyan. Given the success- proaches at JINR. The PAC welcomed the ful realization, the PAC recommended closure progress in constructing the SOLCRYS labora- of the Nanobiophotonics project and supported tory, while recommending paying close attention opening the Biophotonics project for implemen- to the design details. tation in 2021–2023. The PAC took note of the report on the The PAC took note of the report on the concluding theme “Investigations of Condensed concluding theme and project “Novel Semicon- Matter by Modern Neutron Scattering Methods” ductor Detectors for Fundamental and Applied presented by D. Kozlenko and recommended Research” and of the proposal for their exten- opening a new theme “Investigations of Func- sion presented by G. Shelkov. The PAC recom-
35 mended extension of these theme and project for The PAC recommended extension of the 2021–2023. theme and project “Research on the Biological The PAC recommended extension for Effect of Heavy Charged Particles with Dif- 2021–2023 of the PAS project as reported ferent Energies”, as reported by A. Bugay, for by K. Siemek. It noted with satisfaction the 2021–2023. progress in developing the PAS method at The PAC took note of the written progress DLNP including construction of a reactive ion report on the theme “Methods, Algorithms and etching system and development of a system of Software for Modeling Physical Systems, Math- positron ordered flux based on the Cryogenic ematical Processing and Analysis of Experimen- Source of Monochromatic Positrons (CSMP). tal Data” for the period of 2019–2020, pre- The PAC recommended opening the new paredbyG.Adam,andwelcomedfurthercon- project “Study of the radioprotective proper- tinuation of the reviewed activities within this ties of the Damage Suppressor (Dsup) pro- theme. tein on a model organism D. melanogaster and As a general recommendation, the PAC sug- human cell culture HEK293T” presented by gested that the JINR Directorate consider the E. Kravchenko for its implementation at DLNP possibility of encouraging young scientists to in 2021–2022. The PAC noted the novelty of the apply for additional projects to develop their own research proposed and the high methodological ideas in the field of science and instrumenta- level of the planned experiments. tion.
36 The Bruno Pontecorvo Prize for 2020 was olution nuclear emulsion technique, which led awarded to Professor K. Niwa (Nagoya Univer- to identification of the tau neutrino and direct sity, Japan) for the development of the high-res- observation of tau neutrino oscillations.
JINR PRIZES FOR 2020
I. Theoretical Physics Research III. Physics Instruments and Methods First Prizes First Prize 1. “Graphene-based planar tunnel electron- “Measurement of analyzing powers for nu- ics”. cleon-nucleus scattering at momentum range Authors: V. Katkov, V. Osipov. from 1.75 to 5.4 GeV/c”. 2. “Scalar solitons, boson stars and hairy Authors: O. Gavrishchuk, D. Kirillov, J. Mu- black holes”. sinskˇ y,´ C. Perdrisat, N. Piskunov, V. Punjabi, Authors: J. Kunz, I. Perapechka, Ya. Shnir. P. Rukoyatkin, I. Sitnik, E. Tomasi-Gustafsson, R. Shindin. Second Prize Second Prizes “Neutrino mass, double beta decay and nu- clear structure”. 1. “Development and software implementa- Authors: F. Simkovic,ˇ A. Babic,ˇ R. Dvornic- tion of effective methods for modeling, re- ky,˙ H. Ejiri, S. Kovalenko, M. Krivoruchenko, construction and analysis of events in the A. Smetana, D. Stefˇ anik,´ P. Vogel, J. Vergados. MPD/NICA setup”. Authors: V. Vasendina, V. Voronyuk, A. Zin- II. Experimental Physics Research chenko, D. Zinchenko, V. Kireev, V. Kolesnikov, First Prizes A. Mudrokh, J. Aichelin, E. Bratkovskaya. 1. “Investigation of probabilities of formation 2. “Development and application of new ex- and decay of superheavy systems in dependence perimental methods at ACCULINNA-2 frag- on the Coulomb factor Z1Z2 at energies near the ment separator”. Coulomb barrier”. Authors: A. Bezbakh, M. Golovkov, A. Gor- Authors: E. Kozulin, A. Bogachev, I. Voro- shkov, S. Krupko, I. Muzalevskii, E. Nikolskii, biev, M. Itkis, J. Itkis, G. Knyazheva, D. Kumar, G. Ter-Akopian, A. Fomichev, V. Chudoba, K. Novikov, A. Pan, I. Pchelincev. G. Kaminski. 2. “Background-free search for neutrinoless IV. Applied Physics Research double-β decay of 76Ge with GERDA”. First Prize Authors: K. Gusev, I. Zhitnikov, D. Zina- tulina, A. Klimenko, A. Lubashevskiy, N. Ru- “Experimental study and multiscale model- myantseva, A. Smolnikov, M. Fomina, E. Shev- ing of latent tracks structure in radiation resis- chik, M. Shirchenko. tant dielectrics”.
37 Authors: V. Skuratov, R. Rymzhanov, Authors: L. Grigorenko, Yu. Parfenova, A. Volkov, A. Ibraeva, N. Kirilkin, N. Medvedev, N. Shulgina, M. Zhukov. J. O’Connell, A. Janse van Vuuren, J. Neethling, 2. “Development and creation of coordinate M. Zdorovets. detectors based on thin-walled drift tubes for the Second Prize NA64 at CERN”. Authors: E. Vasilieva, P. Volkov, Yu. Gu- “Nanoscale structure of planar and developed sakov, T. Enik, I. Zhukov, G. Kekelidze, V. Kra- electrochemical interfaces for lithium power marenko, V. Lysan, D. Peshekhonov, A. Solin. sources by neutron scattering”. Authors: M. Avdeev, V. Petrenko, I. Gapon, 3. “High-resolution magnetic analyzer A. Ivankov, E. Ushakova, Ye. Kosiachkin, MAVR for studying characteristics of nuclear D. Itkis, L. Yashina, A. Rulev, T. Zakharchenko. reactions”. Authors: V.Maslov, Yu.Penionzhkevich, V. Encouraging Prizes D. Aznabayev, S. Lukyanov, N. Skobelev, Yu. So- 1. “Three-body soft dipole mode and astro- bolev, I. Kolesov, S. Pashchenko, G. Gulbekian, physical applications”. M. Khabarov.
GRANTS
In 2020, for the implementation of a number with ultrarelativistic energies”, together with of scientific projects, the staff members of the the National Centre of Scientific Research Joint Institute for Nuclear Research received of France” (1 project); “Competition for the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Best Projects on Fundamental Research Car- Basic Research (RFBR), the Russian Scientific ried out on the Basis of the Laboratory Foundation (RSF), the Ministry of Science and “Joint laboratory ‘underground’ in Europe”, to- Higher Education of RF, and the Foundation gether with the National Centre of Scien- for the Advancement of Theoretical Physics and tific Research of France” (1 project); “Com- Mathematics “BASIS”. petition for Financial Support for Prepara- RFBR financed JINR projects in the frame- tion and Publication of Scientific Review Pa- work of the following competitions: “Compe- pers” (2 projects); “Competition for the Best tition of Projects of Fundamental Scientific Re- Projects on Fundamental Research Carried search” (19 projects); “Competition of Projects out by Leading Teams of Young Specialists” Accomplished by Young Scientists (“My First (1 project). Grant”)” (8 projects); “Competition of the Best RFBR financed a number of JINR scien- Scientific Projects Accomplished by Young Sci- tific projects in the framework of international entists under the Guidance of Candidates and contests: together with the State Committee Doctors of Science in RF Scientific Organiza- of Science of the Ministry of Education and tions (“Mobility”)” (3 projects); “Competition Science of the Republic of Armenia (1 project); of the Best Projects Implemented by Young together with the Belarussian Republican Foun- Scientists (“Eureka! There is an idea”) held dation for Basic Research (2 projects); together jointlybyRFBRandtheFoundationofSup- with the National Scientific Foundation of Bul- port of Scientific-Design Activities of Students, garia (1 project); together with the Department Postgraduates and Young Scientists (“National of Science and Technology of the Government of intellectual development”)” (1 project); “Compe- India (3 projects); together with the State Foun- tition of the Best Projects in the Topic “Fun- dation of Natural Sciences of China (2 projects); damental Properties and Phase Transformations together with the Ministry of Science, Technol- of Hadron and Quark–Gluon Matter: Facil- ogy and Environment of the Republic of Cuba ity of the Megascience Class Complex NICA” (1 project); together with the Ministry of Edu- (Megascience-NICA)” (10 projects); “Competi- cation, Culture, Science and Sport of Mongolia tion of the Best Projects of Interdisciplinary (2 projects); together with the German Scien- Fundamental Research” (2 projects); “Compe- tific-Research Community (2 projects); together tition of Oriented Fundamental Research in with the National Centre of Scientific Research Urgent Interdisciplinary Topics” (1 project); of France (4 projects). “Competition for the Best Projects on Fun- RSF rendered financial support to scien- damental Research in the Topic “Heavy ions tific projects of JINR in the framework of the
38 competitions “Holding of Fundamental Scien- The RF Ministry of Science and Higher tific Research and Scientific Research in Sepa- Education financed 2 projects: “Creation of a rate Scientific Groups” (4 projects), “Holding of pilot order of modules for the Electromagnetic Fundamental Scientific Research and Scientific CalorimeteraspartoftheMulti-PurposeDe- Research by International Scientific Communi- tector (MPD) experimental facility at the NICA collider complex” and “Superheavy nuclei and ties” (2 projects), “Holding of Initiative Re- atoms: Limits of nuclear mass and boundaries search by Young Scientists” (3 projects), “Hold- of the Periodic Table”. ing of Research by Scientific Groups under The Foundation for the Advancement of The- the Guidance of Young Scientists” (1 project); oretical Physics and Mathematics “BASIS” fi- “Holding of Research on the Basis of Exist- nanced one project in the competition “Visitor” ing Scientific Infrastructure of the World Level” (“Invited Scientist”) under the programme “Sci- (5 projects). entific Mobility”. 2020
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R C H The main results of the international coop- the participants with a brief welcoming speech. eration in science and technology of the Joint BLTP Director D. Kazakov delivered a lecture Institute for Nuclear Research in 2020 are re- on modern particle physics. BLTP staff mem- flected by the following data: ber T. Shneidman told students about theoretical — joint research was conducted with scien- models of atomic nuclei. Yu. Panebrattsev de- tific centres in the Member States, as well as livered a lecture course “Detectors and process- with international and national organizations in ing of signals in nuclear research”. VBLHEP other countries, on 44 topics of first priority and staff members P. Semchukov and K. Klygina or- one topic of second priority; ganized a workshop on processing signals in — to solve cooperation issues and questions nuclear and physical experiments and the vir- of participation in scientific meetings and con- tual laboratory of nuclear fission. N. Sidorov ferences, the Joint Institute sent 655 specialists; read a lecture on colliders and the NICA com- — for joint work and consultations, as well plex being constructed at JINR. V. Belaga and as for participation in meetings, conferences, P. Semchukov held workshops on the analysis and schools held at JINR, 240 specialists were of experimental data with the use of ROOT. received; DLNP staff member and UC Deputy Director — 16 international scientific conferences and A. Zhemchugov delivered a lecture course on schools, 12 workshops, and 7 meetings were Monte Carlo modelling of processes in experi- organized and held. ments on particle physics and organized work- The international cooperation of JINR is pre- shops on the GEANT software complex. The sented in agreements and treaties. Its devel- lecture programme of the School was concluded opment comprises joint experiments at basic with the lecture by UC Director S. Pakuliak facilities of physics centres, the acquisition of about JINR and the UC educational programmes research data, the preparation of joint publica- for students. tions of the joint research results, the supply of equipment and techniques for the interested At the end of January,staffmembers sides, etc. of the Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Prob- lems of JINR M. Lyablin and A. Artikov vis- From9to30January, the second JINR– ited Tashkent on the invitation of President of RSA School was held in iThemba LABS the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan B. Yul- (the RSA) with the participation of the Institute dashev to present the Precision Laser Inclinome- representatives. The School was organized by ter (PLI). the South African Institute for Nuclear Technol- The seminar presentation of the PLI took ogy and Sciences and supervised by Professor place in the G. A. Mavlyanov Institute of Seis- R. Newman. mology of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbek- The participants of the School were 32 stu- istan. During the seminar, M. Lyablin made the dents and postgraduates from 13 South African report “New methods for registration of micro- universities. Head of the JINR International seismic oscillations”. A unique sensitivity of Cooperation Department D. Kamanin addressed the PLI and its ability to register low-frequency
43 angular movements of surface of the earth were In his report on the NICA status, V. Keke- noted. The crucial importance of using the lidze spoke about the plans for major objects: device together with well-known methods of the accelerating complex with the booster cy- earthquake prediction was highlighted. clotron and the collider, the MPD and BM@N After the seminar, there was a meeting with experimental facilities, the computer informa- B. Yuldashev. During the meeting, it was de- tion complex, channels and facilities for applied cided to send two employees to JINR for train- innovative research, as well as the programme inginusingthePLIanditsfurthermaintenance of scientific studies. The plans are constantly in seismic laboratories of Uzbekistan. adjusted in accordance with the work progress. On 29 January, Chairman of the Presid- The speaker then informed in detail the STC ium of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian members about the progress of the development, Academy of Sciences Academician V. Sergienko assembling and adjusting of elements of all the visited the Joint Institute on the invitation of the systems, the construction of new buildings, the JINR Directorate. He met with JINR Director creation of scientific-engineering and research Academician V. Matveev and discussed the is- infrastructure. sues of the development of cooperation between Speaking about participants of the project, scientific centres in the Far Eastern region with V. Kekelidze noted that the programme of sci- the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. entific research was being actively developed by V. Sergienko was acquainted with research theoreticians from numerous scientific centres of conducted at the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear the world, coauthors of the NICA White Paper, Reactions and the accelerator complex of the Russian scientists in the framework of the RFBR FactoryofSuperheavyElements.Hewaswel- projects, participants of established international comed at the Laboratory by FLNR Scientific collaborations of the BM@N, MPD and SPD Leader Yu. Oganessian, FLNR Director S. Dmit- experiments. Agreements with five Mexican riev, Deputy Director A. Popeko and Head of the universities and the memorandum of partici- DC-280 facility K. Gikal. pation of Polish organizations in MPD were signed; the GSI–JINR agreement was activated. On 5 February, Counsellor of the Embassy The GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Re- of the Republic of India in Russia Dr. Sh. Shro- search coordinates the participation of Germany triya, accompanied by staff member of the Po- in the NICA project. The contribution of the litical Division of the Embassy V. Singh, visited country to the project is about 20 million euros. the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. R. Jolos and V. Matveev made comments on the The guests visited the Factory of Superheavy report. Elements and the Nanocentre of FLNR. At The report on the elaboration of the JINR the Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, the development strategy was made by B. Sharkov, guests saw the IBR-2 research reactor, and the a JINR Vice-Director, Coordinator of the In- REGATA and IREN facilities. ternational Working Group established in 2016 At the Directorate, JINR Vice-Director and chaired by V. Matveev, with participation of R. Lednicky´ received the guests. Head of the leading world experts and leaders of the main International Cooperation Department D. Kama- scientific trends at JINR. He noted that the nin, UC Director S. Pakuliak, Advisor to the strategic aim of the JINR development until JINR Director M. Tumanova, and Head of the 2030 as of a world-level scientific centre was BLTP Sector S. Nedelko, as well as Indian to ensure its leading positions in the fields employees of the Institute, took part in the of high-energy physics, nuclear physics and meeting. heavy-ion physics, neutrino physics and astro- At the meeting, the parties noted a high physics, condensed matter physics, radiation bi- level of the existing cooperation between India ology, information technologies and high-perfor- and JINR, expressed their interest in its further mance computing. B. Sharkov also noted the broadening, discussed opportunities in develop- importance of work conducted in the fields of ment of contacts in scientific and educational interdisciplinary research and innovation tech- spheres, and stressed the importance of inform- nologies. The strategic plan for the JINR de- ing the scientific community and official repre- velopment should be the basis for drafting the sentatives of India on modern status of JINR next Seven-Year Plan and adoption of decisions and possibilities for cooperation. leading JINR to new scientific achievements in On 14 February, a regular meeting of the a longer term. All materials are available on JINR Science and Technology Council (STC) the website Indico.jinr.ru. S. Nedelko, D. Peshe- was held, chaired by Professor R. Jolos. khonov, D. Naumov, I. Meshkov, R. Jolos, and
44 V. Matveev took part in the discussion of the tailed presentations made by heads of major sub- report. systemsandobjectsofthecomplexwereheard A. Verkheev, Chairman of the Association and discussed whose development is planned of Young Scientists and Specialists (AYSS) of in the framework of the basic configuration of JINR, presented the report on the AYSS activi- the project according to the JINR Topical Plan ties. He based his report on the sociological sur- and requirements of the Russian national project vey, a survey on scientific indicators and written “Nauka” till the end of 2022. Special attention report on AYSS grants compiled in recent years. was paid to the estimate of the base cost and the In particular, the speaker proposed some correc- cost effectiveness of the project, the estimate tive amendments in the system of grant support of the implementation plans and efficiency of and discussed a number of general issues vital their realization, the estimate of the efficiency of to the majority of young scientists and special- instruments and methods used by managers and ists: opportunities in career, financial status, executors of the project to monitor the costs and lodging conditions, organization and conditions work planning, the main issues of financing, as of labour. A. Verkheev stressed that attracting well as issues related to them and risks caused employees and retaining talented and active staff by technical problems in the implementation of members should be given the highest priority in the project. the Institute. S. Nedelko, M. Hnatic,ˇ B. Sharkov, The Committee noted considerable progress D. Peshekhonov, Yu. Potrebenikov, I. Meshkov, in the implementation of basic elements of the G. Shirkov, A. Tamonov, A. Sorin, and R. Jolos complex achieved over the past two years. The commented on the report. V. Matveev thanked CSRC members also noted great efforts made by the speaker for the informative speech and ex- the management of the project and the adminis- pressed the readiness of the Directorate to help tration of the Institute to provide financial and in solving the problems considered in the report. technical support, as well as the high quality of reports presented at the meeting. On 24–26 February, the first meeting of The Committee paid special attention to the the NICA Cost and Schedule Review Committee necessity to establish the project office with (CSRC) was held. The Committee emerged on clearly defined personal duties of its members the decision of the CP of JINR and the Super- in the fields of development and monitoring of visory Council for the project “NICA Complex”. the adhering to the project’s implementation The Committee was created to consult the schedule, logistics, budget, safety and quality Supervisory Council and the CP on issues re- control of purchased equipment and work done, latedtocostestimateandworkprogressto- determining critical objects of the basic con- wards the implementation of the project “NICA figuration of the complex, the development of Complex”. The Committee, which is headed by the minimization plan and the risk reduction at F. Ferroni (INFN, Italy), consists of recognized its critical objects. The Committee highlighted specialists in the fields of high-energy physics that the estimate of the implementation progress and accelerator physics: I. Mnikh (DESY, should be conducted at least three times a Germany), L. Cifarelli (University of Bologna, month. On 26 February, at a closed session of Italy), F. Bordri (CERN), L. Kostov (Agency the Committee, decisions and recommendations for Nuclear Regulation, Bulgaria), E. Rabinovici were formulated to the Supervisory Council for (Israel), and L. Kravchuk (INR RAS, Russia). the project “NICA Complex” and the CP of The meetings of the Committee were attended JINR. by JINR Director V. Matveev, Head of the project “NICA Complex” V. Kekelidze and Co- On 25–27 February, Vice-Chancellor and Head of the theme “NICA Complex” A. Sorin. Principal of the University of Pretoria (the RSA) First Deputy Minister of Science and Higher T. Kupe visited JINR with an RSA delegation Education of Russia G. Trubnikov, Head of the that included Head of International Coopera- project’s directorate R. Lednicky´ and Deputy tion S. Mokoduwe, Head of Research Capacity Head of the project office Yu. Potrebenikov, Development Department R. Ramoutar-Prieschl, JINR Chief Accountant S. Dotsenko and Deputy Head of the Department of Physics Ch. Theron, Head of the Finance & Economy Office of JINR as well as Professors of the Department of M. Vasilyev participated in the work of the Com- Physics Th. Hltshwayo and S. Rakityanski. mittee. The visit of the delegation coincided with On the first day of the Committee meeting, the 15th International training programme for the participants had an excursion to the objects decision-makers in science and international of the NICA complex. During the meeting, de- scientific cooperation JEMS — “JINR Exper-
45 tiseforMemberStatesandPartnerCountries” represented the Russian Federation and Deputy (JEMS-15). The guests used the opportunities Minister of Education F. Gurbanov represented of the training programme for in-depth acquain- the Republic of Azerbaijan. tance with the Joint Institute, the development The participants discussed the status of co- of its scientific infrastructure and current scien- operationoftheJointInstituteandtheRepublic tific research. of Azerbaijan and ways and opportunities to On 27 February, a meeting of the delegation develop it. One of the milestones of the meeting with the JINR Directorate took place. Vice-Di- was the signing of a four-lateral agreement on rectorsM.ItkisandR.Lednicky,´ and Chief Sci- cooperation among the Institute of Physics of entific Secretary A. Sorin represented JINR at ANAS, Baku State University, the Joint Insti- the event. Executive of the contacts with the tute for Nuclear Research and the Institute of RSA, Head of the International Cooperation De- Nuclear Physics of the Ministry of Energy of partment D. Kamanin, Deputy Director of the the Republic of Kazakhstan. University Centre A. Zhemchugov and Coordi- On 20–21 April, the 5th Collaboration nator of RSA scientists in JINR Arnaud Rossow Meeting of the BM@N Experiment at the also took part in the meeting on behalf of JINR. NICA Facility was held via videoconference at During the meeting, the parties noted a VBLHEP. dynamic development of scientific contacts be- At the meeting, the recent results obtained tween JINR and scientific centres and universi- with C and Ar beams were discussed. The main ties of the RSA. They also discussed practical focus was on the data collected in carbon–nu- steps towards the cooperation enhancement be- cleus interactions for preparation for publication tween the University of Pretoria and the Joint in a refereed journal, and the status of the re- Institute. The meeting at the JINR Directorate sults obtained in the data analyses of argon–nu- was concluded with a singing of the cooperation cleus interactions was discussed. The plans for agreement on carrying out scientific research research in the field of heavy-ion physics were and training scientific and technical staff. reviewed. Organizational issues of the BM@N collaboration were discussed at a separate meet- On 2 March, an opening ceremony of the ing on 20 April. workshop “Prospects of Cooperation with Eura- sian Countries — Members of JINR” took place On 23–24 April, the 5th Collaboration in the Presidium of the Azerbaijan National Meeting of the MPD Experiment at the NICA Academy of Sciences. Facility was held at VBLHEP in the format The delegation of the Joint Institute headed of an online conference. The main purpose of by JINR Director Academician V. Matveev con- the meeting was to assess the level of detec- sisted of FLNP Director V. Shvetsov, DLNP De- tor readiness, including software development, puty Director D. Naumov, Head of Sector of the discussion of physics tasks and results obtained LIT Division of Computational Physics V. Gerdt, by the collaboration, as well as consideration of Deputy Head of the Finance & Economy Of- current organizational issues of MPD. ficeM.Vasilyev,andDeputyHeadoftheIn- The meeting included sessions on physics ternational Cooperation Department A. Kotova. and detector readiness open for all MPD collab- Moreover, Plenipotentiary of the Government of orators, as well as a closed meeting of the MPD the Republic of Kazakhstan to JINR A. Kenzhin collaboration leadership. and Head of the National Group of the Republic On 27 April, the 42nd meeting of the Com- of Uzbekistan in JINR, DLNP Chief Researcher mittee Russia–CERN was held as a videocon- A. Inoyatov took part in the event on behalf of ference — it was the first meeting after the new JINR. Agreement between the RF Government and President of the Azerbaijan National Acade- CERN on scientific-technical cooperation came my of Sciences (ANAS) Academician R. Mehdi- into force. CERN Director General F. Gianotti yev headed the party of the Republic of Azer- headed the delegation from CERN; Co-Chair- baijan. ANAS First Vice-President I. Guliyev, man of the Committee on the side of Russia Plenipotentiary of the Government of Azerbai- was Deputy Minister of Science and Higher jan to JINR N. Mamedov, and representatives Education of the Russian Federation S. Lyulin. of various scientific organizations of Azerbaijan JINR was represented by JINR Director Aca- also took part in the event. demician V. Matveev, JINR Vice-Director Aca- The meeting was attended by representatives demician B. Sharkov and JINR Vice-Director, of ministries as well: First Deputy Minister VBLHEP Director RAS Corresponding Member of Science and Higher Education G. Trubnikov V. Kekelidze.
46 At the meeting, the parties discussed in NICA project is G. Trubnikov, Head of the NICA detail the participation of the Russian Federation project is V. Kekelidze. in the second phase of modernization of the Issue 1 was prepared with active partici- Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and establishment pation of A. Butenko, N. Molokanova, D. Pe- of the High-Luminosity LHC, joint maintenance shekhonov, Yu. Potrebenikov, A. Rassadova and and usage of the LHC detectors, and other prac- A. Sidorin. The next issue of the “NICA Bul- tical issues. letin” was scheduled for October 2020. CERN delegation presented further steps to On 15 June, an extended meeting of the form a European Strategy for Particle Physics. national groups was held as a videoconference, For its part, members of the Russian delegation in which the representatives of the JINR Di- presented information on the implementation of rectorate, the Member States, heads of national the Russian Federation’s initiatives for the fulfil- groups and divisions of the Institute took part. ment of projects in the fields of megascience re- JINR Director V. Matveev addressed the search infrastructure within the national project participants with a welcoming speech. He than- “Science”, in particular, the NICA project. Aca- ked those present for their active work and demician B. Sharkov presented the strategy of stressed that the leadership of the Institute was JINR development until 2030 and beyond to the making every effort to create an atmosphere Committee. that would help the representatives of the par- On 27–29 May, the 11th session of the ticipating countries feel comfortable away from NICA Machine Advisory Committee (MAC) home. was held in the format of videoconference. De- G. Stiforov made a summary presentation about the progress in the implementation of spite the fact that MAC members are specialists the MC2 Club project. Members of the JINR from Japan, Europe, and the USA, the time of Directorate, representatives of several divisions broadcast was chosen acceptable for the Com- and heads of national groups took part in the mittee members. discussion of the presented results of this work. All meetings of the Committee were at- The results of a survey carried out among tended by JINR Director V. Matveev, First Vi- membersofnationalgroupsontheissuesof ce-Director G. Trubnikov, Vice-Director B. Shar- stay of non-Russian staff members in JINR were kov, Head of the project “NICA Complex” presented by the Assistant to Head of the JINR V. Kekelidze and Co-Head of the theme “NICA SO&IC Office W. Chmielowski. 125 staff mem- Complex” A. Sorin. bers were sent a questionnaire of 25 questions. Thirteen reports were presented. V. Keke- Each question was related to a particular area of lidze described organizational structure of the activities: information about JINR in your coun- NICA project and informed the MAC members try, procedures of leaving your country to work about the results of the first meeting of the at JINR, checkpoints, workplace, research facil- NICA Cost and Schedule Review Committee ities, canteens, relations with other employees, (CSRC) held at JINR on 24–26 February 2020. salary, professional development, use of grants, Progress on the NICA Booster commissioning place of living, organizations for children, med- wasreportedbyHeadoftheVBLHEPAc- ical care, pension insurance and taxes, cultural celerator Division A. Butenko. Other reports life and sports, etc. More than 2.5 thousand presented by JINR specialists as well as their reviews were received which are to be analyzed. colleagues from the Budker INP were dedicated D. Kamanin presented information of the Di- to each of the main systems and elements of the rectorate of the Institute about the celebration accelerator facility. Specially for the MAC ses- of the 65th anniversary of JINR and the up- sion, a few videos were prepared under support coming CP session. The issue of filling the of the JINR Scientific Information Department. JINR news website was also raised here. JINR In June,issue1ofthenewsletter“NICA Chief Scientific Secretary A. Sorin called the Bulletin” was published. The availability of pe- Institute community to contribute to the scope and strengthening the information field about riodic information on the JINR flagship interna- the activities of the Institute. tional project “NICA Complex” is in demand by the JINR Member States, international collabo- On 27 June, the festival of technology and rations of the project, and the scientific commu- science GEEK PICNIC started in a new online nity. Most important events in implementation format. The main topic of the event was devoted of the project “NICA Complex” will be discussed to the theme “Multi-Universe”: other dimen- in the bulletin. Head of the directorate of the sions, parallel realities and other worlds.
47 JINR continued the tradition of its partici- holz (DESY), T. Ueltzhoffer¨ (DESY) and A. Ver- pation in the festival, presenting various events ma (German Aerospace Centre — DLR). at its virtual stand. The work of the stand was In his introductory report on the strate- organized by the group of social communica- gic view of the future cooperation, JINR tions of the JINR UC. Deputy Director of DLNP First Vice-Director G. Trubnikov highlighted the D. Naumov, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, main priorities and expectations of JINR: the who is responsible for the Neutrino Programme development of the formal status of Germany at JINR, made a lecture about neutrino as a key in JINR, search for new ways of cooperation, to study secrets of nature. The audience heard tools for attracting and supporting the scien- not only about peculiarities of the ghost particle tific youth, as well as deepening of cooperation but also the latest news about the development in the framework of the megascience project of the deep underwater neutrino telescope in NICA. He also proposed to German colleagues Lake Baikal. to consider the full membership in JINR in the Senior Engineer of VBLHEP D. Ponkin gave future as a format corresponding in practice to an on-line master class for the guests on de- thecurrentstateofthecooperationandnoted signing a printed circuit board and programming other opportunities for joint consideration: in- electronics similar to that used for charged par- formation centres, programmes for improving ticle accelerators. qualification for leaders of science and higher Senior Researcher of BLTP A. Golubtsova education, etc. made an informative lecture on holographic du- Leader of the NICA project V. Kekelidze de- ality and black holes at the virtual stand of voted his report to the state of the cooperation JINR. of the NICA and FAIR projects and its further Researcher of the Sector of Radiation Phys- prospects. iology of LRB Yu. Severyukhin held a video J. Kroseberg presented a report about a new excursion around the Laboratory of Radiation format of bilateral interactions in three main Biology. He showed how behavioral experiments directions, each with its managing committee. The first field is the continuation of the Heisen- on small laboratory animals are conducted and berg–Landau Programme. BLTP Deputy Direc- how the influence of space radiation on mice and tor N. Antonenko and G. Ropke¨ of the University rats is studied. After the excursion he answered of Rostock reported on it in detail. F. Schilling questionsoftheaudienceonline. (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) and FLNP “Multi-Universe” of the festival GEEK Director V. Shvetsov presented information on PICNIC Online united many visitors among joint research in the field of neutron physics. whom were physicists and fans of computer They also suggested to expand the scope of joint games, scientific popular bloggers and experts research. The third one is the most extensive in game industry. For JINR it was a good oppor- cooperationfieldintheframeworkofthenew tunity to demonstrate a wide range of scientific format, namely, the attraction and support of research and its achievements. young scientists under joint research projects on a wide scope of joint work (programmes of On 1 July, the 26th meeting of the Coordi- the JINR University Centre, AYSS schools for nation Committee on the implementation of the young scientists, the JEMS programme, and Agreement between the German Federal Min- some other scientific events for young special- istry of Education and Research (BMBF) and ists). JINR was held as a videoconference. The agenda of the meeting included pre- JINR Director V. Matveev, who headed a sentations by the JINR scientific laboratories. JINR delegation, noted in his welcoming speech DLNP Deputy Director D. Naumov told partic- special importance and rich history of the coop- ipants about cooperation in the framework of eration with BMBF, as well as the importance the Baikal Neutrino Telescope. LRB Direc- of the joint training of staff. tor A. Bugay shared ideas for cooperation with The German delegation, headed by BMBF the Laboratory of Radiation Biology. FLNR Coordinator for cooperation with JINR J. Kro- Deputy Director A. Popeko reported on the op- seberg representing the BMBF Depart- portunities for young scientists at the Flerov ment “Universe and Matter”, included co- Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions. LIT Director speakers G. Ropke¨ (University of Rostock), V. Korenkov represented the Laboratory of In- F. Schilling (Karlsruhe Institute of Technolo- formation Technologies. gy), F. Schreiber (University of Tubingen),¨ The meeting of the BMBF–JINR Commit- K.-D. Gross (GSI), P. Senger (GSI), O. Kuhn-¨ tee was preceded by a set of bilateral online
48 discussions in a round-table format. Their par- the Hotel & Restaurant Complex Management ticipants worked out prospects for cooperation Office, the Administration Services Office, the development on a wide scope of issues: at- Transport Department, and the Security Office. traction of young scientists, organization of the JINR First Vice-Director G. Trubnikov in- JINR–GSI/FAIR school, expansion of the pro- formed the participants of the meeting about the gramme of neutron research, search for ways results of the work of the BMBF–JINR Coor- of cooperation in astroparticle physics and in dination Committee. In particular, he discussed the framework of one of the key JINR projects, the issue of enhancing the status of Germany namely, Baikal-GVD. Some strategic issues of in the project “NICA Complex” as an asso- the cooperation and JINR initiatives were re- ciate member of the supervisory committee with ported on by the JINR delegation at the meeting prospects to make the status of a full member at of the Russian–German joint commission on JINR that would allow implementing the coop- scientific and technical cooperation on 25 June. eration potential to the full extent. V. Shvetsov, In fact, these discussions were continued during B. Sharkov and R. Jolos made their comments. the present BMBF–JINR Committee meeting. JINR Vice-Director S. Dmitriev spoke about On 8 July, staff members of the Flerov the start of preparations for the 65th anniver- Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions and the JINR sary of JINR establishment and the first meet- University Centre held an online meeting with ing of the working group on the jubilee prepa- a video excursion to the FLNR experimental rations. V. Matveev, Yu. Oganessian, G. Trubni- facilities with 125 students of the Governor’s kov, B. Sharkov and V. Korenkov expressed their School for the Sciences and Engineering (GSSE) points of view. of the University of Tennessee (USA). The congratulations were read sent by RF The meeting was encouraged by the Admin- Minister of Science and Higher Education istrator of the summer school J. Moody. The UC V. Falkov and JINR Directorate to the commu- Social Communication Group created a video nity of staff members of the Flerov Laboratory of tour a part of which featured FLNR scientists Nuclear Reactions headed by Yu. Oganessian for talking about and demonstrating their work and the idea, work-out and successful implementa- then they answered questions from the audience. tion of the project of the Factory of Superheavy Elements (SHE Factory). The leaders promoted On 9 July, a regular meeting of the JINR by the Directorate are Yu. Oganessian, FLNR Directorate took place in the International Con- Scientific Leader and Scientific Leader of the ference Hall which was partially held via video- conference. JINR Director V. Matveev spoke project, V. Matveev, JINR Director, Chairman about important results of the first half of 2020, of the Coordinating Committee for the creation including work on the strategy of JINR develop- of the SHE Factory, S. Dmitriev, FLNR Direc- ment up to 2030, the successful transition to the tor (at the time of nomination), Leader of the new system of defending theses, improvement project, Chairman of the Coordination Coun- of the procedure of accepting specialists from cil for the creation of the SHE Factory, and Member States, progress in repair work at the G. Gulbekian, FLNR Chief Engineer, Technical hostel in Moskovskaya street 2, and mentioned Leader of the project. The leading developers plans for the near future. Summing up the main of the project are B. Gikal, Technical Leader of results of the CP session that approved the full the DC-280 cyclotron creation, N. Osipov, Head budget for 2020, the Director mentioned the of the Group for development of design docu- importance of work with staff; in particular, he mentation for the DC-280 systems, I. Kalagin, approved of the questionnaire for staff members Head of the Group for assembling and launch of JINR Member States that was organized by of the DC-280 cyclotron, S. Bogomolov, Head of AYSS and the council of national group leaders. the Group for the creation and launch of the JINR Vice-Director R. Lednickyanalyzed´ ECR source of the DC-280 accelerator complex, the questioning of staff from JINR Member and S. Pashchenko, Head of the Group for the States; remote co-speakers were Assistant to creation and launch of the control system of the Head of the JINR Science Organization & In- DC-280 cyclotron complex. ternational Cooperation Office W. Chmielowski JINR Chief Scientific Secretary A. Sorin, and Head of the International Cooperation De- JINR Vice-Directors R. Lednicky,´ S. Dmitriev partment D. Kamanin. Comments and re- and B. Sharkov informed the participants about marks on questioning results were made by the results of the CP session and summer PACs. A. Ruzaev, A. Kotova, D. Kazakov, V. Kekelidze, Closing statements were made by JINR Director A. Tamonov, M. Vasilyev and representatives of V. Matveev.
49 On 15 July, Vice-Rector of Moscow In- G. Trubnikov, Chairman of the Bulgarian Nu- stitute of Physics and Technology (MIPT) and clear Regulatory Agency, Plenipotentiary of the Acting Director of the Landau Phystech School Government of the Republic of Bulgaria to JINR A. Voronov visited JINR with the aim of dis- L. Kostov, President of RAS A. Sergeev, and cussing the issues of training scientific and Deputy Director General of Rosatom State Cor- engineering employees at MIPT for the im- poration Yu. Olenin. plementation of the JINR large-scale scientific During the meeting, members of the Su- projects. pervisory Board evaluated the progress of the During the meeting at the Directorate, the project and discussed further development, sci- parties discussed prospects for cooperation, as entific programme, and staffing support of the well as further steps in the fields of the staff collider complex, as well as took decisions on training and attracting MIPT students to work changes in the membership of the Supervisory at JINR. The participants paid special at- Board. tention to work with junior-year students of The Leader of the NICA project V. Kekelidze MIPT. presented to participants of the meeting a re- A. Voronov was acquainted with the objects port on the progress in the NICA project, the of the JINR scientific infrastructure: the NICA results of the meeting of the NICA Cost and accelerator complex under construction and the Schedule Review Committee (March 2020), and site for the production of superconducting mag- the detailed plan for the operation of the basic nets at VBLHEP, the SHE Factory and the configuration of the NICA project scheduled for DC-280 cyclotron at FLNR, as well as the site December 2022. The Supervisory Board sup- for assembling detectors of the deep underwater ported the implementation of the programme neutrino telescope Baikal-GVD and the labora- of the 1st Day Experiment at the collider of tory of X-ray microtomography at DLNP. The theNICAcomplex,aswellasemphasizedthe guest was accompanied by Head of the MIPT importance of the staffing support of the project Department of Fundamental and Applied Prob- and assigned to the JINR Directorate the task lems of Microworld, RAS Corresponding Mem- of intensifying this activity. ber D. Kazakov, Deputy Heads of the Depart- The co-reports were made by Leader of ment S. Pakuliak and G. Shelkov. the NICA Project Directorate G. Trubnikov and On 20 July, Director of the Institute Leader of the NICA project V. Kekelidze on the V. Matveev presented JINR diplomas on confer- development of the basic configuration of the ring academic degrees on three applicants who “NICA Complex” project and preparation of the defended their theses: D. Sumkhuu (Mongolia), report for 1 January 2021 on the implementation A. Rutkauskas (Russia) and M. Omelyanenko of Order No. 783-р of 27 April 2016 of the (Russia). Government of the Russian Federation. The awarding ceremony was also attended At the suggestion of G. Trubnikov, the Su- by JINR First Vice-Director G. Trubnikov, JINR pervisory Board decided to invite Director for Vice-Director V. Kekelidze, Chief Scientific Sec- Large Facilities and Basic Research Department retary of the Institute A. Sorin, Scientific Sec- of the Federal Ministry of Education and Re- retary of the Qualification Committee O. Belov, search of Germany Dr. V. Dietz and Scientific and Scientific Secretary of the JINR Disserta- Managing Director of GSI and FAIR Profes- tion Council for Particle Physics V. Arefiev. sor P. Giubellino to join the Supervisory Board Congratulating the recipients of diplomas, as observers. the Director of the Institute noted an important On 26 August, a JINR delegation took part role of the system of academic degrees con- in a solemn opening ceremony of the Year of ferring for the personnel support of the physi- Russian–ChineseCooperationinScience,Tech- cal facilities under construction and planned for nology, and Innovation scheduled for 2021. construction at JINR, as well as the role of JINR First Vice-Director G. Trubnikov repre- supervisors of applicants for the preparation and sented JINR at the official ceremony held as defence of theses. a videoconference. JINR Director V. Matveev, On 29 July,the5thmeetingoftheSu- Leader of the NICA megascience project and pervisory Board of the NICA Complex project JINR Vice-Director V. Kekelidze, as well as was held as a videoconference. The meet- Head of the International Cooperation Depart- ing was attended by representatives of the ment D. Kamanin were present in the video- Directorate of JINR headed by JINR Direc- conference hall at the JINR Directorate as ob- tor V. Matveev and JINR First Vice-Director servers of the event.
50 An Agreement between the Ministry of Sci- dent of the Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main ence and Technology of the People’s Republic B. Wolff, Vice-President of the Helmholtz Asso- of China and the Joint Institute for Nuclear ciation of German Research Centres H. Dosch, Researchwassignedattheeventonthepar- President of the Technische Universitat¨ Berlin ticipation of China in the construction and op- Ch. Thomsen, as well as Russian colleagues: eration of the complex of superconducting rings Vice-President of the Russian Academy of Sci- for heavy-ion colliding beams NICA. The par- ences Yu. Balega, Chairman of the Council ties agreed to establish a Bilateral Coordinat- of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research ing Committee (BCC) with an equal number of V. Panchenko, and NUST MISIS Acting Rec- representatives of the parties. The BCC shall tor S. Salikhov. G. Trubnikov spoke about be responsible for the resolution of technical the INTErnational REmote Student Training and financial issues related to the participa- (INTEREST) programme worked out at JINR tion of Chinese scientific organizations in the to maintain the process of intense exchange construction and operation of the NICA com- of knowledge and experience with talented stu- plex. dents and postgraduates beyond geographical TheAgreementwassignedinthepresence borders, and invited young scientists to join this of high-ranking participants of the solemn open- programme. ing ceremony of the Year at which Deputy Among long-standing directions of Rus- Prime Minister of the Russian Government sian–German cooperation, joint research of T. Golikova headed the Russian party and ocean, near-Earth space and establishment of Vice-Premier of the State Council of China Sun the research infrastructure were mentioned. Chunlan headed the Chinese party. On behalf The winners of the competition “Russia and of the Russian Federation and the People’s Re- Germany: Scientific and educational bridges” public of China, the event was also attended were awarded at the Closing Ceremony of the by representatives of the cabinets, governments, Year. The project “The TAIGA Observatory — administrative bodies, heads of academies of sci- Russia and Germany open a new window to the ences, public and scientific organizations, agen- Universe” was recognized as one of the winners cies and foundations, as well as diplomatic rep- of the competition in the category “Advanced resentatives of the two countries. Research” for successful long-term scientific co- During the opening ceremony of the Year, operation. JINR actively participates in the a Roadmap for Russian–Chinese cooperation TAIGA international experiment, which is one in science, technology, and innovation for of the priority projects of JINR in the field of 2020–2025 was also signed. The document was astrophysical research. signed by Minister of Science and Higher Edu- cation of the Russian Federation V. Falkov and On 15 September,theopeningofSPDDays by Minister of Science and Technology of the in Dubna took place at JINR in a videoconfer- People’s Republic of China Wang Zhigang. The ence format to present to a wide world scientific intention of the parties to support JINR–China community the Spin Physics Detector (SPD) cooperationisalsoreflectedinthisdocument. project, the second-largest experimental facility at the NICA complex, as well as to encourage On 15 September, the ceremony of hy- the establishment of international scientific col- brid format was held for concluding the Rus- laboration around the project. On that day, the sian–German Scientific and Educational Part- first event of the cycle, namely, the international nership Year 2018–2020 where the JINR First meeting “NICA SPD Experiment at JINR”, took Vice-Director G. Trubnikov took part. An ex- place in a mixed format combining a videocon- position of JINR was displayed at the virtual ference with personal attendance. innovation exhibition of leading scientific and Representatives of scientific centres and uni- educational organizations and funds from Russia versities from Bulgaria, Brazil, Croatia, the and Germany dedicated to this event. Czech Republic, Egypt, France, India, Italy, A videoconference “Russian–German dialo- Poland,Russia,Serbia,Slovakia,andtheRSA gue in education and science: Creating fu- participated in the meeting. Representatives ture together” was organized in the frame- of government agencies of some countries also work of the event. The plenary discussion took part in the event. session “Dialogue in science and education: JINR Vice-Director Academician B. Sharkov Prospects for the Russian–German cooperation” opened the meeting, after which some reports on was attended by President of the German Aca- the project were presented. Head of the project’s demic Exchange Service J. Mukherjee, Presi- working group A. Guskov (DLNP) made a re-
51 port on the general concept of the SPD project nese sub-commission for scientific and tech- and plans for the construction and launch of the nical cooperation that was held in a video- physical facility of the experiment. V. Ladygin conference format. The Russian delegation (VBLHEP) presented a detailed description of was headed by Deputy Minister of Science physical characteristics and subsystems of the and Higher Education of the Russian Feder- SPD detector, as well as major tasks of the ation S. Lyulin, and Vice-Minister of Science physical programme of the experiment. The and Technology of the People’s Republic of report by A. Baldin (VBLHEP) presented exist- China Huang Wei headed the Chinese delega- ing developments on the miniSPD stand, the tion. JINR was represented by First Vice-Di- present state and plans for the construction of rector G. Trubnikov, Leader of the NICA mega- the SPD test zone at extracted and secondary science project and Vice-Director V. Kekelidze, beams of the Nuclotron for testing the detectors VBLHEP Deputy Director H. Khodzhibagiyan, and data acquisition systems. The JINR report Head of the International Cooperation Depart- by A. Zhemchugov (DLNP) was devoted to the ment D. Kamanin, and Head of the MPD project development of the data acquisition system, the at NICA V. Golovatyuk. development of software and computing for the The parties shared information and made SPD experiment. decisions on a number of aspects of bilateral co- After the general discussion in a round-table operation between Russia and China, including format, the discussion of participation in the a discussion of issues of the cooperation in the project took place. Vice-President for Culture framework of the megaproject NICA. The par- and Scientific Communication of the Academy ties highly evaluated the Agreement on China’s of Scientific Research and Technology of Egypt participation in the construction and operation (ASRT) G. El-Feky expressed the interest of of the NICA complex signed the day before. The Egypt to become a participant of the SPD Chinese party announced that according to the project, as well as announced the intention to State Plan for priority scientific research, funds launch a corresponding competition on coop- necessary for the implementation of bilateral eration projects within the framework of the projects in the framework of NICA had been Roadmap for JINR–Egypt cooperation develop- allocated. The Russian party in its turn con- ment signed in December 2018. The interest of firmed the intention to provide further support Chilean researchers in the participation in the of the cooperation in these projects. Repre- project on the creation of detectors, electron- sentatives of responsible organizations, namely, ics and heterogeneous computing was expressed Deputy Director of the Institute of Modern by representatives of the Universidad A. Bello Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (UNAB). B. Mellado from the University of the Zhao Hongwei and Deputy Director of the JINR Witwatersrand (RSA), who represented iThemba Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energy LABS as well, informed the audience that the Physics H. Khodzhibagiyan, elucidated the sta- development of data acquisition systems and tus of these projects and the progress in their machine learning is the area of potential in- implementation. terest for RSA scientific organizations in the SPD project. I. Gorbunov (VBLHEP) made pro- On 21–25 September, the Samara Region posals for using capabilities of machine learn- was one of the central regional sites of the 15th + ing. Answering the questions of participants All-Russian Festival of Science NAUKA 0 ,and about the involvement of students in the project, JINR became the official representative of the A. Zhemhugov suggested using opportunities of topical week “Nuclear Physics”. Within its the JINR remote scientific and educational plat- framework, scientists from JINR held online form INTEREST. scientific popular events for Samara National A more detailed discussion of the scien- Research University named after Academician tific component of the project was continued at S. Korolev. Visitors of the exposition could in- thenexteventsoftheSPDDaysinDubna, teractively get acquainted with large-scale sci- namely, in the framework of remote workshops entific tasks and future experiments, the online “Gluon Content of Proton and Deuteron at SPD” competition on nuclear research, etc. (30 September – 1 October) and “Physics Pro- The main theme of the Festival 2020 was gramme for the First Stage of the NICA SPD “Physics of Future” — in connection with the Experiment” (5–6 October). celebration of the 75th jubilee of atomic in- dustry of Russia. The key tasks of the Fes- On 18 September, a JINR delegation took tival were also common — to attract young part in the 24th meeting of the Russian–Chi- people to science, to arouse interest in scientific
52 research through interactive scientific process, tection of the Federal Assembly of the Russian and to establish dialogue between science and Federation N. Sanina visited JINR. society. At the JINR Directorate, N. Sanina was wel- The Festival was continued on 10–11 Octo- comed by JINR Director V. Matveev. The meet- ber in the Expocentre in the Moscow site of ing was also attended by JINR First Vice-Direc- NAUKA 0+, where a stand of JINR was dis- tor G. Trubnikov, JINR Director Assistant for played with mock-up models of almost all opera- radiation medicine G. Shirkov, VBLHEP Deputy tional facilities, lectures and presentations were Director Yu. Potrebenikov, Social Infrastructure made by scientists, master classes were given in Management Office Director A. Tamonov, and physics, chemistry, robotic science, and popular JINR Chief Engineer Assistant E. Uglov. Dur- scientific shows were organized for children. ing the meeting the sides discussed measures for intensifying the cooperation between JINR On 22–23 September,Representativesof and the Federal Biomedical Agency based on the Rosatom State Corporation Yu. Olenin, De- the agreement signed in 2016, and plans for puty Director General for Science and Strategy, the development of proton therapy for cancer V. Ilgisonis, Director for Scientific and Technical based on the extensive JINR experience and the Research and Development, as well as represen- construction of a specialized medical centre for tatives of the Rosatom’s JSC “Nauka i innovat- proton therapy in Dubna. sii” A. Dub, First Deputy Director General, and At the end of the visit to JINR, N. Sanina R. Afanasiev, Managing Director, visited JINR. had meetings with Acting Head of Dubna S. Ku- The delegation visited the Frank Laboratory likov, as well as with heads of the Dubna City of Neutron Physics where they were welcomed Hospital. The participants discussed the issues by FLNP Director V. Shvetsov and his col- of the creation of a cardiovascular department leagues. The guests visited the IBR-2 research in the City Hospital, sanitary and epidemiolog- reactor and learnt about the research fields of ical safety in educational organizations of the the Laboratory. At the Flerov Laboratory of city, preventive examinations at enterprises, aid Nuclear Reactions, the delegation, accompanied to the City Hospital, as well as an opportu- by JINR Vice-Director S. Dmitriev and FLNR nity to renovate the children’s polyclinic in the Director S. Sidorchuk, was acquainted with the right-bank part of the city. FactoryofSuperheavyElementsandtheLab- On 29 September,ameetingoftheCollege oratory’s research in the field of the synthe- of the Ministry of Science and Higher Edu- sis of superheavy elements. The excursion to cation of the Russian Federation was held by the Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High En- Minister of Science and Higher Education of ergy Physics was conducted by VBLHEP Di- the Russian Federation V. Falkov. The meeting rector, Leader of the NICA megascience project was attended by JINR First Vice-Director Aca- V. Kekelidze. The guests learnt about the im- demician G. Trubnikov. Members of the College, plementation of the complex of superconducting representatives of the scientific community and rings at colliding heavy-ion beams NICA, vis- executive authorities of regions discussed the ited the construction site of the project, as well progress in the implementation of the national as the factory of superconducting magnets. projects “Nauka” (Science) and “Obrazovanie” At the end of the visit, the delegation had (Education) in the framework of responsibilities a meeting with representatives of the JINR Di- of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education rectorate at which the guests were welcomed of Russia. by JINR Director Academician V. Matveev. Four federal projects will be included in the The Institute’s party was also represented by single national project: “Development of inte- First Vice-Director G. Trubnikov, Vice-Directors grated processes in the fields of science, higher S. Dmitriev, V. Kekelidze and B. Sharkov, Ad- education and industry” (“Integration”), “Devel- viser to Director G. Kozlov and FLNR Scientific opment of large-scale scientific and technolog- Leader Yu. Oganessian. The sides discussed ical projects on priority research fields” (“Re- wide opportunities to develop cooperation and search leadership”), “Development of the infras- confirmed their readiness to increase interac- tructure for scientific research and staff train- tions in the framework of the agreement be- ing” (“Infrastructure”), “Development of human tween JINR and Rosatom signed in December resources for regions, various fields and the 2019. sector of research and developments” (“Staff”). On 25 September, First Deputy Chairman On 30 September, the 33rd meeting of the of the State Duma Committee on Health Pro- Council of the International Association of the
53 Academies of Sciences (IAAS) was held as a velopment issues be established under the CP videoconference. JINR Director Academician Chair. I. Meshkov, V. Kekelidze, D. Peshekho- V. Matveev and Head of the International Co- nov, B. Sharkov, N. Russakovich, S. Nedelko, operation Department D. Kamanin took part in and R. Jolos took part in the discussion of the the meeting on behalf of the Joint Institute for report. Nuclear Research. According to the discussion results, As a result of the meeting, the IAAS Coun- V. Matveev noted that the presented document cil decided to confer on the Joint Institute for gaveaclearandfullideaonthestrategyand Nuclear Research the status of a Full Member prospects of the Institute development. STC of the IAAS, taking into account great achieve- indorsed the Strategic Plan of the Long-Term ments of the Institute in the fields of science Development of JINR until 2030 presented by and education, as well as the active JINR par- G. Trubnikov. ticipation in the Council’s activities. Moreover, at the meeting, JINR Director V. Matveev was On 22–23 October, the Federation Council unanimously elected Full Member of the IAAS. Committee on Science, Education and Culture In his speech, V. Matveev highlighted the held a guest meeting in Dubna on the topic importance of tasks set by the IAAS and their “Main fields of and prospects for the devel- relevance to the tasks of JINR. He noted in opment of international scientific and technical his report on the JINR activities the following: cooperation in the framework of the implementa- “In 2021, the Joint Institute will celebrate its tion of the Strategy of the Scientific and Techno- 65th anniversary. One of the milestones of the logical Development of the Russian Federation”. upcoming year will be the adoption of the In- Among the participants were members of the stitute’s Long-Term Development Strategic Plan Federation Council, leaders of JINR, governors until 2030. One of its important chapters con- of Tomsk and Novosibirsk regions, representa- siders a further development of international co- tives of RF ministries and departments, lead- operation. So, strengthened contacts between ers of RF constituent entities, heads of science the IAAS and JINR will definitely contribute to cities, members of the Russian Academy of Sci- integration processes in the CIS countries and ences, rectors, and representatives of the SEZ beyond”. “Dubna”. Before attaining the status of a full member, As part of the guest meeting, a number of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research has introductory excursions to scientific laboratories been an associate member of the IAAS since of the Institute were organized on 22 October 1997. Full-fledged IAAS sessions were twice for the FC Committee members and partici- held on the JINR invitations: in 2000 in Dubna, pantsofthemeeting:theguestscouldacquaint and in 2002 in the JINR Hotel “Dubna” in themselves with the status of implementation of Alushta. the megascience project NICA at VBLHEP, the FactoryofSuperheavyElementsatFLNRand On 22 October, a regular meeting of the the project of the deep-water neutrino telescope JINR Science and Technology Council (STC) Baikal-GVD at DLNP, and met with young was held; due to the difficult epidemiological scientists. situation, the meeting had a hybrid format. The agenda of the meeting included issues JINR Director V. Matveev noted that a draft of development and efficient use of scienti- of the Long-Term Development Strategic Plan fic-technical potential of science cities of Russia. of the Institute until 2030 would be presented at Chairperson of the FC Committee L. Gumerova the coming CP session. The second constituent opened the meeting. She noted that one of the of the strategy document was to be discussed, tasks set by the leaders of the country is pro- namely, the plan of the development of the vision of the international leadership in spheres Institute as the international intergovernmental of science and technology and development of scientific and research organization. international scientific-technological cooperation The results of the work of an expert and and international integration in science and tech- analytical Working Group established under the nology. L. Gumerova underlined that the choice Directoratetodiscusstheseissueswerere- of the place for the guest meeting was deter- ported by its chair G. Trubnikov, JINR First mined by the status of JINR as an international Vice-Director. He illustrated the main issues science centre that has no borders, countries, of the strategy of the Institute development religions and is united only with the idea of and mechanisms to implement them, and sug- serviceforscienceforthesakeofpeaceand gested that a Working Group on strategic de- progress.
54 In his greeting, JINR Director V. Matveev The following persons took part in discus- thanked the speaker for the honour to receive sions: Deputy Head of Administration of RF such a representative delegation at the Institute President in scientific-educational policy E. Ne- and for the support of the international scientific chaeva, Deputy Chairman of the FC Committee centre in Dubna and attention to its activities V. Smirnov, members of the FC Committee rendered by the leaders of the country. E. Greshnyakova, N. Kosikhina, O. Khokhlova, JINR First Vice-Director G. Trubnikov in V. Beketov, and S. Mikhailov. his turn addressed the colleagues at the meet- On 28 October, the 19th meeting of ing — governors, vice-governors, heads of sci- the RSA–JINR Joint Coordination Committee ence cities, leaders of universities — and asked started in a videoconference format. The JINR them to regard the Institute as a consulting party was headed by Head of the JINR Inter- coordinating platform from the point of view of national Cooperation Department D. Kamanin. development of international scientific technical Co-chairman on behalf of the RSA party was cooperation in Russian regions, cities, universi- D. Adams, Acting Deputy Director General for ties and scientific research institutions. Research Development and Support at the De- Deputy Head of the Science Organization partment of Science and Innovation of the Gov- and International Cooperation Office D. Kamanin ernment of the RSA. made a report about the international structure FLNR Deputy Scientific Leader M. Itkis of the Institute, JINR Member States and co- made a report on the topical issues of the operation with world scientific and educational Institute’s development. UC Director S. Pa- centres. kuliak told the audience about a recently la- RF Deputy Minister of Science and Higher unched JINR distant educational programme Education S. Lyulin informed the participants INTEREST. At the end of discussions, the of the meeting about financing of scientific parties expressed a common opinion that this research, the importance of participation in programme is a promising platform for the de- international collaborations, implementation of velopment of bilateral cooperation in the edu- projects of the “megascience” class in Russia. cational field. D. Kamanin presented proposals The talk of the Governor of the Novosibirsk on the launch of strategic cooperation projects Region, A. Travnikov, was devoted to the im- developed together with partners from the RSA. plementation of the national project “Science These projects relate to the RSA’s participation and Universities”, support for young scien- in the NICA/SPD collaboration, technological tists and the development of Akademgorodok issues of cooperation in the fields of heavy-ion in Novosibirsk. Head of Administration of In- accelerators, the regional cloud infrastructure ternational Cooperation of RAS S. Malenko pre- on the DIRAC platform for the SKA project, sented the strategy of RAS for the development underground laboratories and the construction of international scientific and scientific-technical of the future neutron source IBR-3. activities. A. Afanasiev, Director General of the SEZ “Dubna”, spoke about the activities On 30 October, the 27th meeting of the of the zone since its establishment in 2005. Coordination Committee on the implementation RF Deputy Minister for Economic Develop- of the Agreement between the German Federal ment O. Tarasenko made a report on establish- Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) ment of innovative scientific-technological cen- and JINR was held in a videoconference for- tres that unite organizations of scientific-tech- mat. The German delegation was headed by nological character. Other speakers were the BMBF Coordinator for cooperation with JINR following: Chairman of the Council of Rectors J. Kroseberg representing the department “Uni- of Southern Russian Universities, President of verse and Matter”. Vice-Director B. Sharkov the Southern Federal University M. Borovskaya, co-chaired the meeting on behalf of JINR. Head of the science city Koltsovo N. Krasnikov, The previous meeting, as the current one, Head of the city district Pushchino A. Vorobyev, and a number of working meetings held this Head of the municipal district of Chernogolovka year focused on the in-depth discussion of the O. Egorov, Deputy Director of the Centre for new format aimed, first of all, at attracting system analysis and advanced elaborations in scientific youth. As a result, the scientific education and science V. Kiselev, Rector of the programme of cooperation will be formed in the North Ossetian University A. Ogoev, Prorector framework of three programmes: the Heisen- in scientific activities of the Moscow Aviation berg–Landau Programme in the field of theoret- Institute Yu. Ravikovich, Acting Head of the city ical physics, the Neutron Programme and Pro- district Dubna S. Kulikov and others. gramme of Young Scientists. Both parties will
55 make special efforts to attract young scientists The height of the case with the transporta- and to promote their scientific careers in the tion platform was 7.6 m, the total weight was framework of the implementation of joint scien- 120 t. The distance of 2.8 km from the Dubna tific projects in the priority areas of cooperation port to the MPD pavilion at VBLHEP was cov- between JINR and German scientific organiza- ered in 3 hours as the transportation of the cryo- tions and universities. A steering committee stat demanded absolute accuracy of the schedule will be formed for each programme. and scrupulous attitude to smallest wavering of The Coordination Committee discussed the the case. Parts of the city communications were financing issues of the programmes, peculiari- temporally dismounted for the smooth and safe ties of work during a two-year period of tran- delivery. sition to a new cooperation format, formation On 11 November, the Joint Institute for of the management committees, the results of Nuclear Research took part in the second Rus- current joint activities and the procedure for sian–German scientific and educational exhibi- reviewing applications for joint projects up to tion at which Russian and German universities, the end of 2020. It is expected to finish applica- scientific organizations and scientific funds pre- tions processing, including for new projects, by sented their joint programmes. mid-December. The exhibition was organized in the frame- The key event of the meeting of the Co- work of the Russian–German Scientific and Ed- ordination Committee was the signing of an ucational Partnership Year 2018–2020 held un- agreement between JINR and FAIR/GSI on the der the patronage of the Minister of Foreign establishment of a series of DD (Dubna–Darm- Affairs of the Russian Federation and the Federal stadt) joint international schools. B. Sharkov Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Federal Re- and FAIR/GSI Science Director P. Giubellino public of Germany, as well as with the support signed the document. In the framework of an of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education 8-day programme of the school, young scien- of Russia, coordinators of the Year, namely, tists from JINR and FAIR/GSI Member States NUST MISIS, the German Academic Exchange will have opportunities to listen to lectures on Service (DAAD), and the German House for the most relevant and most important areas ResearchandInnovations(DWIH)inMoscow. of modern science. Both the experiment and JINR was one of the pioneers of a new the theory are presented covering, in particu- format for the organization of international ex- lar, the topics of hadron and nuclear physics, hibition space and successfully presented a wide atomic physics, plasma physics, materials sci- range of tools for the development of scien- ence, biophysics and radiation medicine, acceler- tific and educational cooperation, from the in- ator physics, detector studies and developments, ternational programme for students INTEREST micro/nanoelectronics, information technologies to cooperation in the framework of the NICA and high-performance computing, etc. An im- megaproject. portant component of the work of the school will be practical classes, in which students will solve On 17 November, Dr. V. Soare, Ambassador real problems under the guidance of lecturers. Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Romania The document provides financing of the school to the Russian Federation, and L. Constantiniu, by both parties. Counsellor on Education and Science, visited the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. They On 6 November, the transportation of the met with representatives of the national group of superconducting magnet for the MPD detector JINR Romanian staff members in the conference to the site of the NICA project in Dubna was hall of the JINR Club of Scientists. successfully finished. Before arriving at Dubna, At the Directorate, they were received by the case with the magnet was transported by JINR Director V. Matveev, First Vice-Director sea from Genoa (Italy) to St. Petersburg. The G. Trubnikov, Vice-Director R. Lednicky,´ LIT cryostat with superconducting winding of the Director V. Korenkov, Deputy Scientific Leader magnet for the MPD detector was designed by of FLNR M. Itkis, Head of the International Russian scientists (specialists of JINR and the Cooperation Department D. Kamanin, Head of “Neva-Magnit” SDPC) and produced in Italy the Romanian staff members group G. Adam, at the enterprise “ASG superconductors”, one and Deputy Director of FLNP O. Culicov. of few manufacturers of unique equipment for Theguestswereinformedabouttheachieve- large-scale scientific research projects in the ments of the Institute and future plans of its world, in particular, for the Large Hadron Col- development; the contribution of Romanian sci- lider at CERN. entists and specialists to the activities of JINR
56 was highly evaluated. In their turn, V. Soare V. Kekelidze, in the framework of the project and L. Constantiniu stressed the important role “NICA Complex”, a megawatt energy storage of the Joint Institute in training scientific staff is being created that has no analogues in the and development of physics in Romania, and world. It is being developed on the basis of the expressed their hope for even more fruitful co- superconducting cable created in Dubna, which operation in future. is at the heart of the entire cryogenic complex of VBLHEP. Besides, it is possible to reproduce On 20 November, during a working visit the entire range of particles of ionizing radiation to Dubna, Prime Minister of the Russian at the NICA accelerator complex. This allows Federation M. Mishustin put one of the main blocks of the megascience project “NICA Com- developing the JINR research into effects of plex” — the superconducting booster syn- space radiation on living organisms, including chrotron (booster) — into operation. during long-distance flights into space. It also The Prime Minister was accompanied by gives an opportunity to develop radiation-resis- Deputy Prime Minister D. Chernyshenko, Min- tant electronics. ister of Science and Higher Education of the The speaker also presented to the members Russian Federation V. Falkov, and Governor of of the Federation Council proposals based on the the Moscow Region A. Vorobyev. milestones of the meeting. It was proposed to The Head of the Russian Government gave take into account the experience of the science starttotheoperationofthesuperconductingac- city of Dubna where a unique model of interac- celerator by pressing a symbolic button. Young tion had formed between federal, regional, and scientists participating in the project’s imple- municipal levels of the government, advanced mentation also took part in the ceremony. science and production, the Special Economic Zone, and the international scientific organiza- On 16 December,VBLHEPDirector, tion — JINR. JINR Vice-Director RAS Corresponding Mem- Speaker of the Federation Council V. Mat- ber V. Kekelidze gave a talk in the Federation vienko noted the necessity to create legal con- Council of the Russian Federation in the frame- ditions for successful development of megapro- work of the “Expert Time” project, a regular jects. The Speaker of the Federation Council meeting of senators with world-renowned scien- instructed Chairman of the Federation Council tists, politicians, directors, and artists. Committee on Science, Education and Culture In his report, V. Kekelidze spoke about sci- L. Gumerova to continue working jointly with entific tasks of the NICA project, its key experi- scientists on drafting a roadmap for updating the mental facilities, as well as plans for the launch legislative framework of the Russian Federation of the complex the construction of which is for the areas of science and scientific and tech- scheduled to be completed in 2021. The speaker nological development of Russia. presented to senators the experience of passing expert examinations by the project, including On 16 December, the JINR Directorate European commissions for science. V. Kekelidze congratulated the national group of the Republic also presented JINR practices on the creation of Kazakhstan on the Independence Day of the and work organization of international scientific Republic of Kazakhstan via videoconference. collaborations in the framework of the MPD and In his congratulatory speech, JINR Vice-Di- SPD experiments at the NICA complex. rector G. Trubnikov noted successes of the co- V. Kekelidze paid special attention to the po- operation of JINR with scientific centres of tential of applied research on the basis of the Kazakhstan, as well as highly evaluated work NICA complex. In particular, he noted that of a young and dynamically developing national compact superconducting magnets, whose tech- group of the Republic of Kazakhstan at the nology was worked out at JINR and which are Institute. The group not only demonstrates high the basis of the complex, are most advanced scientific results but also plays an active role in for development of cost-efficient accelerators at JINR social life. modern centres of ray therapy. Moreover, the Head of the national group of the Repub- speaker noted the capabilities of one of the lic of Kazakhstan D. Aznabayev and his deputy largest and the most efficient cryogenic complex A. Issadykov spoke about the development of the in Russia, which allows conducting large-scale scientific infrastructure at the Institute of Nu- scientific developments using temperatures close clear Physics in Almaty. A number of proposals to absolute zero. For example, it is used for were also voiced for the cultural programme the creation of storage facilities and transporta- of the 65th JINR anniversary: in particular, tion systems for liquid gases. According to to organize an online seminar due to the 15th
57 anniversary of the DC-60 accelerator, built in of the event made speeches in the final part Kazakhstan with the participation of JINR spe- of the opening ceremony. Among them were cialists. Deputy Director of the Institute of Experimen- At the end of December, an online opening tal and Applied Physics of the Czech Techni- ˇ ceremony of the Information Centre of JINR cal University I. Stekl, Director General of the on the platform of the Academy of Scientific Institute of Atomic Physics (IFA) and Pleni- Research and Technology (ASRT) of the Arab potentiary of the Government of Romania to Republic of Egypt (ARE) was held. The event JINR F.-D. Buzatu, Director General of the Arab took place with the participation of representa- Atomic Energy Agency (AAEA) located in Tu- tives of the ARE Government, leaders of JINR, nis S. Hamdi, and others. ASRT, and the North Ossetian State University On 30 December, the extended meeting of (NOSU), as well as some honorary guests from the JINR Directorate was held, at which mile- the Member States and partner countries of stones of the Institute’s activities in 2020 were JINR. A representative international seminar summed up. dedicated to the concept of JINR Information The key issue of the meeting’s agenda Centres was organized on the eve of the opening was the report by JINR Director Academician ceremony. V. Matveev, in which he noted the main re- ASRT Vice-President for Culture and Scien- sults achieved in the laboratories and offices tific Communication G. El-Feky and JINR Di- of the Institute. V. Matveev noted that, in rector V. Matveev welcomed participants of the spite of difficult working conditions caused by meeting. Chief Scientific Secretary A. Sorin, the pandemic, the JINR staff acted as a team, Head of the International Cooperation Depart- managed to implement most of the plans and ment D. Kamanin, Director of the University achieve bright results in the flagship projects, Centre S. Pakuliak, and W. Badawy, Head of such as the launch of the Booster of the NICA the National Group of Egypt at JINR and the collider and the first experiment at the Factory Coordinator of the cooperation with Egypt, took of Superheavy Elements. On the occasion of partintheceremonyaswellonbehalfofthe the expiration of the term of office of the JINR Joint Institute. Director, V. Matveev expressed deep gratitude The event was continued with key presenta- to all members of the Directorate and leaders of tions on the JINR scientific infrastructure and the Institute. opportunities for increasing the cooperation on JINR Director-elect Academician G. Trub- the basis of the newly opened Information Cen- nikov, taking the office from 1 January 2021, tre. JINR Vice-Director B. Sharkov spoke about noted personal merit of Academician V. Matveev the concept of the JINR development until 2030. that the Institute is currently in the excel- ASRT President M. Sakr presented the main lent state. G. Trubnikov conveyed greetings results of the Egypt–JINR cooperation, which from Prime Minister of Russia M. Mishustin included 100 scientific projects and more than and Minister of Science and Higher Education 120 final publications. V. Falkov to the audience on the occasion of the Minister of Higher Education and Scientific first beam at the NICA Booster. The elected Research of Egypt Kh. Abdul Ghaffar congrat- Director highlighted that the changes in the ulated the audience on the opening of the In- Institute’s management structure necessary for formation Centre in Cairo. A. Ogoev, Rector the implementation of these plans should not be of the North Ossetian State University on the revolutionary but evolutionary instead. basis of which the JINR Information Centre was Participants of the meeting, among which opened, passed a symbolic key of the new JINR there were members of the Directorate, heads Information Centre to ASRT. of offices and laboratories of JINR, warmly During the live broadcast from ASRT, thanked V. Matveev for work done as the JINR Minister Kh. Abdul Ghaffar and ASRT Presi- Director and expressed hope to continue joint dent M. Sakr cut the symbolic red ribbon and work in the future with V. Matveev as JINR solemnly opened the plaque of the JINR Infor- Scientific Leader. mation Centre, which marked the official start of Summary information was traditionally pro- operation of the first JINR Information Centre vided by heads of JINR laboratories and depart- on the African continent. ments as well. W. Chmielowski, S. Dmitriev, JINR Vice-Director and Co-Chairman of S.Dotsenko, M.Itkis, D.Kamanin, D.Kazakov, the Joint Coordination Committee on the V. Kekelidze, R. Lednicky,´ B. Sharkov, V. Shve- ARE–JINR Cooperation R. Lednicky´ congratu- tsov, A. Sorin, and A. Tamonov spoke at the lated colleagues from ASRT. Honorary guests concluding meeting of the JINR Directorate.
58 CONFERENCES AND MEETINGS HELD BY JINR
Seven conferences were the largest among obtained in the data analysis of argon–nucleus the scientific conferences and workshops held at interactions was also discussed. The plans for JINR in 2020. research in the field of heavy-ion physics were reviewed. Organizational issues of the BM@N From 27 January to 1 February, the 27th collaboration were discussed at a separate meet- International Conference “Mathematics. Com- ing on 20 April. puting. Education” (MCE-2020),organized by Moscow State University, the Joint Institute On 23–24 April, the 5th Collaboration for Nuclear Research, Dubna State University, Meeting of the MPD Experiment at the NICA the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics Facility washeldatVBLHEPasanonline of RAS, the interregional public organization conference. The main purpose of the meeting “Women in Science and Education” and other was to assess the level of detector readiness, leading scientific centres, was held at Dubna including software development, discussion of State University. physics tasks and results obtained by the col- At the opening of the scientific forum, laboration, as well as consideration of current JINR Director RAS Academician V. Matveev organizational issues of MPD. acquainted the conference participants with the The meeting included sessions on physics JINR scientific programme, Rector of Dubna and detector readiness open for all MPD colla- StateUniversityD.Fursaevspokeaboutthelat- borators, as well as a closed meeting of the est discoveries in cosmology and astrophysics, MPD collaboration leadership. and Director of the Institute of System Analy- On 20–23 October, the international confer- sis and Management of Dubna State University ence “RFBR Grants for NICA” was held at Eu. Cheremisina described the innovative princi- VBLHEP. It was attended by representatives ples of IT education for preparing specialists at of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, ISAM of Dubna University. Leaders of the NICA project, employees of the Since the MCE conference is interdiscipli- Institute and the JINR Member States, respon- nary, the programme was intensive and com- sible for the implementation of works supported prised plenary sessions, oral and poster presen- bytheRFBR.Themeetingswereheldvia tations, round tables, lectures, tutorials, etc. videoconferencing. The conference was of a The following reports are noteworthy: Director summary nature and was aimed at discussing of LIT V. Korenkov introduced a digital platform the results of the performed work and confirm- for megascience projects, Director of VBLHEP ing the practicability of further grant support V. Kekelidze devoted his report to the NICA from the RFBR. megascience project, Director of LRB A. Bugay Ninety-seven applications were submitted dwelt upon the issues of modeling in modern for the competition on the topic “Fundamen- approaches to improving the efficiency of radia- tal properties and phase transitions of hadron tion therapy of tumors, and Scientific Leader of and quark–gluon matter: Megascience facility FLNR Yu. Oganessian reported on the prospects NICA Complex”, which was announced in 2018. for the synthesis of new superheavy elements. Thirty-six projects were supported within the The scientific forum brought together a large competition; that is, 37% of the applications number of participants from different regions were approved by the expert groups of the foun- of Russia and European countries. Next year dation. the traditional conference will take place in The conference was opened by JINR Direc- Pushchino. tor V. Matveev, wishing the participants suc- On 20–21 April, the 5th Collaboration cessful and fruitful work. Head of the Direc- Meeting of the BM@N Experiment at the torate of the NICA project, JINR First Vice-Di- NICA Facility was held via videoconference rector G. Trubnikov noted, in particular, that the at the Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High RFBR supports several dozen projects at JINR, Energy Physics. mainly on the NICA accelerator complex under At the meeting, the recent results obtained construction, and that several hundred scientists with C and Ar beams were discussed. The main from all over the world had joined the collabo- focus was on the data collected in carbon–nu- ration, partly owing to the RFBR support. cleus interactions for preparation for publication At the opening of the conference, Deputy in a refereed journal; the status of the results Chairman of the RFBR Board V. Kvardakov con-
59 veyed greetings to participants of the meet- dedicated to detectors, software and experimen- ing from Chairman of the RFBR Board V. Pan- tal data processing. chenko. V. Kvardakov acquainted the partici- At the plenary sessions on the BM@N ex- pants with the activities of the foundation, cre- periment, the participants actively discussed the ated in 1992. The foundation unites and sup- latest results of experimental data analysis ac- ports today 90 thousand researchers in 66 re- quired by using relativistic beams of carbon gions of the Russian Federation, including and argon ions. During the irradiation of the 10 thousand young scientists and specialists. facility, about 150 million events have been With the support of the foundation, more than registered, the analysis of which allowed obtain- 300 scientific events have been held, more than ing information about the production of strange 250 books and monographs have been published. particles acquired in interactions of “medium” The Joint Institute for Nuclear Research has ion beams with various targets. The report received grants for 266 projects, and in some by scientific partners of the BM@N experiment years, they reached almost a hundred. In total, on the status of the SRC project evoked con- in 2020, the RFBR supported 43 projects of the siderable interest. Studies on the search for Institute. In the list of regions for grants, Dubna short-range nucleon–nucleon correlations in the ranks second after Moscow, in the list of JINR framework of the SRC are carried out using the scientific centres it is in the first place. BM@N detector subsystems. The participants JINR Vice-Director V. Kekelidze, Leader of paid much attention to the discussion of the sta- the NICA project, also welcomed the partici- tus of the preparation for the SRC experimental pantsoftheconferenceandexpressedgratitude programme in 2021. The issues related to the to the leadership of the RFBR and active partic- development of software for detector subsystems ipants of cooperation. of the facility and the experimental data analysis The plenary part of the conference was ope- werediscussedindetailinparallelsections. ned by the reports of Leaders of the NICA In general, the participants of the meeting project. The structure of the project and the noted obvious progress in both experimental progress of its implementation were presented data analysis and the preparation of the facility in the report of G. Trubnikov, A. Kisiel spoke for future runs, the first of which is planned for about the MPD collaboration, P. Senger reported the autumn of 2021. on the physics programme and modernization of The list of reports and presentations are ava- the BM@N facility, and O. Teryaev presented ilable via the link https://indico.jinr.ru/event/ the contribution of JINR theorists to the NICA 1533/timetable/#20201026. physics programme. Several reports were de- voted to the development of the SPD concept. On 28–30 October, the 6th Collaboration In total, 51 plenary reports and 52 in six parallel Meeting of the MPD Experiment at the NICA sections were heard, including reviews of the Facility took place at VBLHEP by videocon- FAIR, LHC and RHIC accelerator complexes. ference. Almost 150 scientists and specialists Proceedings of the conference will be published from Europe, Asia, and the Americas took part in special issues of the journal “Physics of Ele- in the meeting, ensuring lively, interesting, and mentary Particles and Atomic Nuclei” (PEPAN) constructive discussions. At the beginning of in 2021. the meeting, JINR Vice-Director, Leader of the On 26–27 October, the 6th Collaboration NICA project V. Kekelidze welcomed partici- Meeting of the BM@N Experiment at the pants of the meeting. NICA Facility washeldatVBLHEP.At S.Kostrominpresentedareportonthe the meeting, participants considered the issues progress in the creation of the NICA accelera- of international cooperation connected with im- tor complex and described in detail the degree proving the BM@N experimental facility for fu- of completion of each of the numerous project ture work at heavy-ion beams in the framework elements. The speaker concluded that the works of the implementation of the NICA megascience were in full swing to provide the first Run at project. the NICA collider at the end of 2022. The event was opened by Leader of the A detailed report on the status of the MPD NICA project, JINR Vice-Director V. Kekelidze. project was presented by the Spokesperson of The meeting was held as a videoconference so the MPD collaboration A. Kisiel. He noted the that about 120 registered participants from dif- steady growth of the international collaboration ferent countries could take part in the event. and active participation of MPD members in the There were traditionally three plenary sessions preparation for physics analysis in the frame-
60 work of the MPD PWG (MPD Physics Working A plenary lecture at the conference was Groups). given by JINR First Vice-Director G. Trubnikov. The plan of activities was described in de- He devoted the lecture to the JINR long-term tail by the MPD Technical Coordinator V. Golo- development plan. Moreover, the programme vatyuk. Comprehensive reports were given on of the conference included 4 lectures on the the status of major detectors, such as the Time topical issues of modern science. Professor of Projection Chamber (TPC), the Time-of-Flight the Sternberg Astronomical Institute of MSU (TOF) and Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECal). S. Popov spoke about the life of neutron stars An important milestone is the start of pro- with an evolving magnetic field. Professor duction of ECal modules by the Chinese insti- R. Ospanov reported on the discovery of the tutions, thanks to the recent agreement with Higgs boson and some results of the LHC op- the Chinese Ministry of Science and Tech- eration on behalf of the ATLAS collaboration. nology and the allocation of dedicated fund- Candidate of Physics and Mathematics of the ing. Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology On the second day, detailed reports were P. Volkova spoke about the importance of cosmic given on the development of MPD software and computing infrastructure located at VBLHEP as technologies in radiation biology. FLNP Direc- well as at the Laboratory of Information Tech- tor V. Shvetsov closed the plenary part of the nologies of JINR. The Institutional Board of conference with a report on the JINR Neutron MPD approved the allocation of the Common Programme. Records of plenary lectures are Fund for the Collaboration and other important available on the website of the conference and organizational matters during the special ses- on the YouTube channel jinrtv. sion. The participants of the event in their Thelastdayofthemeetingwasdevotedto turn presented 115 oral reports in 9 sec- in-depth reviews of activities in physics analysis tions. The topics of reports covered theoretical planned for the initial operation of NICA. The physics, mathematical modelling and computa- convenorsoftheMPDPhysicsWorkingGroups, tional physics, high-energy physics, accelera- as well as several international collaborators, tors and nuclear reactors, experimental nuclear participated in the discussion. physics, applied research, information technolo- From 9 to 13 November, the XXIV Inter- gies, condensed matter physics, life sciences. national Scientific Conference of Young Sci- The JINR researchers who supervised the sec- entists and Specialists of JINR (AYSS-2020) tions evaluated and selected the best reports, took place in the online format. The number and their authors received honorary diplomas. of participants reached 138, including 108 JINR Despite the online format, the conference employees and 30 colleagues from 23 univer- washeldinafriendlyatmosphere,allowingthe sities and scientific centres of Germany, India, participants to meet colleagues from different Kazakhstan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, countriesandtodiscusstheresultsoftheir Slovakia, Ukraine, and Vietnam. research.
PARTICIPATION OF JINR IN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES
In 2020, scientists and specialists of the the Moscow Branch of the RAS Paleontology Joint Institute for Nuclear Research took part Society “Paleostrat-2020” (Moscow, Russia); in 183 international conferences and meet- 4th EOS Workshop (Geneva, Switzerland); ings. Workshop on Correlations in Patronic and The largest delegations representing JINR Hadronic Interactions (СРHI-2020) (Geneva, attended the following events: 15th JUNO Switzerland); 5th Topical Workshop on Mod- Collaboration Meeting (Nanning, China); ern Aspects in Nuclear Structure (Bormio, LHCOPN/LHCONЕ Workshop (Geneva, Italy); Meeting of Scientific Advisory Commit- Switzerland); 33rd ICP Vegetation Task Force tee FAIR-CZ (Prague, Czech Republic); 3rd Meeting (Riga, Latvia); meeting (scientific All-Russian Scientific and Educational Congress conference) of the Paleontology Section of “Oncoradiology, X-Ray Diagnostics and Ther- the Moscow Society Nature Investigators and apy” (Moscow, Russia); STS Module & Ladder
61 Assembly Retreat (Grasellenbach, Germany); Computer Algebra” (St. Petersburg, Russia); CREMLINplus Kick-off Workshop (Hamburg, 36th CBM Collaboration Meeting (Darmstadt, Germany); 21st Winter Youth School on Bio- Germany); Conference and School for Young physics and Molecular Biology (Repino, Rus- Scientists “Тhеrmorentgenography of Nanoma- sia); 2nd Conference on Neutrino and Nu- terials” (online) (St. Petersburg, Russia); 3rd clear Physics (CNNP2020) (Kleinmond, RSA); International Conference and Exhibition “Mod- NUSTAR Annual Meeting 2020 (Darmstadt, ern Network Technologies” (online) (Moscow, Germany); 38th HADES Collaboration Meeting Russia); 12th International Conference “Car- (Dresden, Germany); session-conference of the bon: Fundamental Problems of Science, Ma- Nuclear Physics Section of the Department terial Science, Technology” (CFPMST 2020) of Physics of RAS (Novosibirsk, Russia); (Troitsk, Russia); 32nd International Workshop 24th International Symposium “Nanophysics on High Energy Physics “Hot Problems of and Nanoelectronics” (Nizhni Novgorod, Rus- Strong Interactions” (оnline) (Protvino, Russia); sia); 54th School on Condensed State Physics International Conference of Students, Postgrad- (St. Petersburg, Russia); 10th All-Russian uates and Young Scientists “Lomonosov-2020” Conference “Information and Telecommunica- (оnline) (Moscow, Russia); 2nd International tion Technologies and Mathematical Model- Turkic World Congress on Science and En- ing of High-Tech Systems” (ITTMM, online) gineering (TURK-COSE 2020; online) (Nur- (Moscow, Russia); 27th Scientific and Prac- sultan, Kazakhstan); 2nd School for Young tical Conference of Students, Postgraduates Scientists “High-Performance Platforms for and Young Specialists (at Dubna University) Digital Economy and MegaScience Projects” (Dubna, Russia); scientific conference “New (Moscow, Russia); All-Russian Scientific and Materials of the XXI Century: Development, Practical Conference “Nature. Society. Man” Diagnostics, Usage” (Moscow, Russia); 16th (Dubna, Russia); 10th Tastes of Nuclear Physics JUNO International Collaboration Meeting (оn- (online) (Bellville, RSA); scientific conference line) (Beijing, China); 40th International Con- “50 Years of the RAS Institute for Nuclear ference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP 2020; Reasearch” (оnline) (Troitsk, Russia); workshop online) (Prague, Czech Republic); Asia-Pacific “New Achievements in Mathematical Physics” Symposium for Lattice Field Theory (APLAT (online) (Bonn, Dubna, Tbilisii, Yerevan); 2020; online) (Tsukuba, Japan); international EUROASIA Congress on Scientific Researches conference “Nanotechnology and Nanomate- and Recent Trends-VII (online) (Baku, Azer- rials” (NANO-2020; online) (Lviv, Ukraine); baijan); conference “Cosmic Rays and Neu- conference “Computer Algebra in Scientific trinos in the Multi-Messenger Era” (online) Computing” (CASC 2020; online) (Linz, Aus- (Paris, France); 32nd Daya Bay Collaboration tria); 7th International Congress on Energy Meeting (online) (Beijing, China); Interna- Fluxes and Radiation Effects (EFRE 2020) tional Conference in Memory of М. K. Polivanov (Tomsk, Russia); 21st International Conference “Polivanov — 90” (online) (Moscow, Russia); “Physical-Chemical and Petrophysical Studies in SAINTS @ tlabs Physics Summer School (2nd the Earth Sciences” (Moscow, Russia); scientific RSA–JINR School at iThemba LABS) (Som- conference “Supercomputer Days in Russia” erset West, RSA); RSA–JINR Workshop on (online) (Moscow, Russia); 2nd International the Roadmap for Collaboration in Theoretical Conference on Molecular Modeling and Spec- Physics (1st RSA–JINR Workshop on Theoret- troscopy (ICMMS2; оnline) (Cairo, Egypt); 5th ical Physics) (Franschhoek, RSA); RSA–JINR International Conference on Particle Physics and Round Table Meeting “Experimental Study Astrophysics (ICPPA-2020; online) (Moscow, with Light RIB at ACCULINNA-2” (Pretoria, Russia); 1st National Congress on Cognitive RSA); 30th Meeting of the Joint Commit- Research, Artificial Intelligence and Neuroinfor- tee on the Collaboration IN2P3–JINR (Paris, matics (CAICS 2020; оnline) (Moscow, Russia); France); workshop “Prospects of Cooperation All-Russian Festival of Science NAUKA 0+ with Eurasian Countries — Members of JINR” (Moscow, Russia); 70th International Con- (Baku, Azerbaijan); Open Days in Serbia (Bel- ference “Nucleus-2020. Nuclear Physics and grade, Serbia); 9th Annual Scientific Conference Elementary Particle Physics. Nuclear Physics of Young Scientists and Specialists of JINR Technologies” (1st part; online) (St. Petersburg, (АLUSHTA 2020) (Alushta, Russia); 20th Russia); International Conference on Computer JINR–ISU Baikal Summer School on Physics of Simulation in Physics and Beyond (CSP 2020) Elementary Particles and Astrophysics (online) (Moscow, Russia); conference “Polynomial (Bolshiye Koty, Russia).
62 DEVELOPMENT OF THE JINR INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION AND RELATIONS OF THE YEAR 2020 1. Number of short-term visits to JINR by specialists from the Member States 113 (not counting Russian specialists) 2. Number of visits of specialists from other countries, 127 including visits of specialists from the Associate Members 63 3. Number of visits by JINR specialists to the Member States 256 (not counting missions within Russia) 4. Number of visits by JINR specialists to other countries, 399 including visits of specialists to the Associate Members 127 5. Number of conferences, schools, and meetings held by JINR 40 6. New cooperation agreements (memoranda of understanding), 180 addenda to existing ones
LIST OF CONFERENCES, SCHOOLS, AND MEETINGS HELD BY JINR IN 2020 *
Number of No. Name Place Date participants 1. SAINTS@tlabs Physics Summer Somerset 9–30 January 61 School 2020 (2nd JINR–RSA West, School at iThemba LABS) RSA 2. 51st meeting of the Programme Advisory Dubna 20–21 January 71 Committee for Condensed Matter Physics 3. Meeting of the Working Subgroup WSG-5 Dubna 21 January 20 of the International Working Group for Preparation of the JINR Strategy Plan 4. RSA–JINR Woprkshop on the Roadmap for Fransch- 26–28 January 40 the Collaboration in Theoretical Physics hoek, (1st RSA–JINR Woprkshop on Theoretical RSA Physics) 5. 26th International Conference Dubna 27 January – 225 “Mathematics. Computer. Education” 1February 6. 51st meeting of the Programme Advisory Dubna 30–31 January 24 Committee for Nuclear Physics 7. RSA–JINR Round Table Meeting Pretoria, 30–31 January 15 “Experimental Study with Light RIB RSA at ACCULINNA-2” 8. 52nd meeting of the Programme Advisory Dubna 3–4 February 44 Committee for Particle Physics 9. 30th meeting of the Joint Committee Paris, 11 February 10 on the IN2P3–JINR Collaboration France 10. 9th Open Robotic Tournament Dubna 14–16 Feb- 67 (CyberDubna 2020) ruary 11. International symposium “Challenges Dubna 19 February 49 and Trends in Strategic Development of Modern Physics” 12. 127th session of the JINR Scientific Dubna 20–21 Feb- 73 Council ruary
* A number of conferences were held jointly with other organizations.
63 Number of No. Name Place Date participants 13. Meeting of the Cost and Schedule Review Dubna 24–26 Feb- 17 Committee for the NICA Project ruary 14. 15th JINR Training Course “JINR Expertise Dubna 25–28 Feb- 13 * for Member States and Partner Countries” ruary (JEMS-15) 15. Workshop “Prospects of Cooperation with Baku, 1–5 March 14 Eurasian Countries — Members of JINR” Azerbaijan 16. Open Days of JINR in Serbia Belgrade, 5–6 March 150 Serbia 17. 5th Collaboration Meeting of the BM@N Dubna 20–21 April 108 Experiment at the NICA Facility (online) 18. 5th Collaboration Meeting of the MPD Dubna 22–23 April 157 Experiment at the NICA Facility (online) 19. 11th session of the Machine Advisory Dubna 27–29 May 28 Committee for NICA 20. Session of the Committee of Plenipotentiaries Dubna 19 June 79 of the Governments of the JINR Member States (online) 21. Kick-off Meeting on the JINR–RSA Project Dubna 23 June 6 “Nuclear Physics Methods in Ecological Research at the Southern Coast of Africa” (online) 22. 52nd meeting of the Programme Advisory Dubna 25 June 70 Committee for Nuclear Physics 23. 53rd meeting of the Programme Advisory Dubna 29 June 51 Committee for Particle Physics 24. 52nd meeting of the Programme Advisory Dubna 2 July 70 Committee for Condensed Matter Physics 25. 32nd Summer International Computer Dubna 20 July – 37 School (online) 1 August 26. Summer School of JINR Young Scientists Dubna 24–26 July 65 and Specialists “Lipnya-2020” 27. 128th session of the JINR Scientific Dubna 17 September 76 Council (online) 28. 9th Annual Scientific Conference of Young Resort 26 September – 64 Scientists and Specialists of JINR Hotel 3October in Alushta (Аlushta-2020) “Dubna”, Alushta, Russia 29. 20th JINR–ISU Baikal Summer School Bolshiye 15–26 October 55 on Physics of Elementary Particles Koty, and Astrophysics (online) Russia 30. International conference “RFBR Grants Dubna 20–23 October 184 for NICA” 31. 6th Collaboration Meeting of the BM@N Dubna 26–27 October 118 Experiment at the NICA Facility (online) 32. 6th Collaboration Meeting of the MPD Dubna 28–30 October 151 Experiment at the NICA Facility (online)
* Only trainees.
64 Number of No. Name Place Date participants 33. Meeting of the Working Group under the Dubna 29 October 36 Committee of Plenipotentiaries Chairman on Financial Issues of JINR (online) 34. 24th International Scientific Conference Dubna 9–13 Novem- 121 of Young Scientists and Specialists ber of JINR (AYSS-2020; online) 35. Meeting of the JINR Finance Committee Dubna 19 November 59 (online) 36. Session of the Committee of Plenipotentiaries Dubna 23 November 83 of the Governments of the JINR Member States
Five meetings of the JINR Science and Tech- Physics and Elementary Particle Physics. Nu- nology Council were also held. Besides, JINR clear Physics Technologies” (1st part, online) was one of the organizers of the 70th Inter- and the 27th International Seminar “Nonlinear national Conference “Nucleus-2020. Nuclear Phenomena in Complex Systems”. The Joint Institute for Nuclear Research is an international intergovernmental JOI scientific NT INS TI research TU T E organization, F O
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Dubna, 23 November. JINR CP session at which Academician G. Trubnikov (left) was elected as Director of the Institute
69 Dubna, 20–21 February. The 127th session of the JINR Scientific Council
70 Dubna, 17 September. The 128th session of the JINR Scientific Council held by videoconference
Dubna, 19 November. A meeting of the JINR Finance Committee
71 Dubna, 30–31 January. Participants of the 51st meeting of the PAC for Nuclear Physics
Dubna, 20–21 January. The 51st meeting of the PAC for Condensed Matter Physics
Dubna, 3–4 February. The 52nd meeting of the PAC for Particle Physics
72 Dubna, 25–27 February. A delegation of the University of Pretoria (RSA) headed by Vice-Chancellor and Principal T. Kupe on a visit to JINR
Baku, 2 March. The workshop “Prospects of Cooperation with Euroasian Countries — Members of JINR”
73 Belgrade (Serbia), 4–7 March. Open Days of JINR in Serbia
74 Dubna, 20 July. The JINR diplomas on conferring academic degrees were awarded. In the photo from right to left: G. Trubnikov, V. Kekelidze, V. Matveev, D. Sumkhuu, A. Rutkauskas, M. Omelyanenko, V. Arefiev, A. Sorin and O. Belov
Dubna, 26 August. The opening ceremony of the Year of Russian–Chinese Cooperation in Science, Technology and Innovation, assisted by the JINR delegation via videoconference
75 Dubna, 18 September. The memorial seminar and laying flowers dedicated to the 110th anniversary of the birth of M. Meshcheryakov
76 Dubna, 25 September. Visit to JINR by First Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Health Protection of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation N. Sanina (centre)
Dubna, 18 September. The JINR delegation participating in the 24th meeting of the Russian–Chinese sub- commission for scientific and technical cooperation, held through videoconference
77 78 Dubna, 22–23 October. A visiting session of the Federation Council Committee on Science, Education and Culture
79 Moscow, 16 December. Speech of Director of VBLHEP, JINR Vice-Director Сorresponding Member of RAS V. Kekelidze in the RF Federation Council (courtesy: Federation Council)
December. An online opening of the JINR Information Centre in the Academy of Scientific Research and Technology of the Arab Republic of Egypt. A welcoming speech by JINR Director V. Matveev via video link 2020
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R C H In 2020, at the Bogoliubov Laboratory of the collaboration with German theorists was Theoretical Physics (BLTP) studies were carried based on the Heisenberg–Landau Program; with out on the following four themes: Fundamental Armenia, on the Smorodinsky–Ter-Martirosyan Interactions of Fields and Particles; Theory of Program; with Polish theorists, on the Bogoli- Nuclear Systems; Theory of Complex Systems ubov–Infeld Program; with Czech theorists, on and Advanced Materials; Modern Mathematical the Blokhintsev–Votruba Program; and with Ro- Physics: Gravity, Supersymmetry and Strings. manian theorists, on the Titeica–Markov Pro- An important component of the BLTP activi- gram. Collaboration with scientists from Wes- ties is theoretical support of experimental re- tern Europe was carried out in the framework search to be carried out within major interna- of the JINR–INFN (Italy) and JINR–IN2P3 tional projects with the participation of JINR (France) agreements. The agreements for col- as well as Dubna-based experimental programs laboration between the Bogoliubov Laboratory of JINR Laboratories. The research resulted in and APCTP (South Korea), ITP CAS (China) about 470 publications in peer-reviewed journals are functioning, as well as an active coopera- and proceedings of international conferences and tion with theorists from CERN. Sixteen re- one monograph. Most of the results were ob- search projects were supported by the RFBR tained in cooperation with scientists from the grants, three research projects, by the RSF. JINR Member States, Brazil, China, Egypt, Traditionally, much attention was paid to re- Germany, India, Italy, France, South Africa, cruiting young researchers, students, and post- and other countries. Every year BLTP is a graduate students to the Laboratory within the venue for scientific events of the highest level. research and education project “Dubna Interna- In 2020, the Laboratory planned to organize tional Advanced School of Theoretical Physics” 13 conferences and workshops and 3 schools (DIAS-TH); however, due to the coronavirus for students and young scientists. However, pandemic, the program for working with foreign due to the pandemic of the new coronavirus, young scientists was significantly reduced. The all these events were postponed to the next Laboratory plays the role of the training center year or canceled. At the same time, the BLTP for young scientists and students from many researchers made over 110 reports at more than countries. Currently, about one third of the 60 conferences and workshops, both in person scientific staff are young scientists and PhD stu- andateventsheldinanonlineformat.The dents. Within the JINR fellowship program for international collaboration was supported by the non-Member States, several researchers from grants of the Plenipotentiaries of Bulgaria, the China, Egypt, India, Iran, Japan, and Tajikistan Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, the Slovak have been working at BLTP on the long-term Republic, Romania, and the JINR Directorate; basis.
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
Fundamental Interactions of Fields and • Quantum field theory and physics beyond Particles. Theoretical investigations in 2020 the Standard Model; • QCDandspin/3Dhadronstructure; were carried out in the framework of the follow- • Strong interaction phenomenology and pre- ing projects: cision physics;
83 • Theory of hadronic matter under extreme scenarios were studied with the corresponding conditions; theoretical predictions provided, which are use- • Theory of electroweak interactions and ful for future experimental studies [5]. neutrino physics. The general properties of the B-meson de- Gauge covariance of the massless fermionic cay form factors F (q2, q2), describing B-meson propagator was studied in three-dimensional decays induced by two currents, e.g., B decays quenched quantum electrodynamics (i.e., wi- into four leptons in the final state, were inves- thout internal fermion loops), within the frame- tigated. The analytic properties of these com- work of dimensional regularization. Assum- plicated objects were studied, and those regions ing the finiteness of the coefficients of pertur- of q2 and q2 were identified where perturbative bative expansion and using the knowledge of QCD can be applied for obtaining predictions for the structure of the Landau–Khalatnikov–Frad- the physical form factors [6]. kin transformation, it was obtained that exactly For the first time, the energies of transi- in three dimensions all odd perturbative coeffi- tions in the molecular ion HD+ were calculated cients, starting from the third, should be zero in with the highest precision of ∼ 10−11 in the any gauge [1]. framework of nonrelativistic quantum electrody- The U(1) extension of the Minimal Syper- namics (QED). Measured rotational transition symmetric Standard Model (MSSM) with frequencies allow one to get the most accu- nonuniversal charges was considered, and a rate test of QED predictions in the three-body possibility to account for flavor anomalies in sector at the level of 5 · 10−11, limited by the B → K∗ll decays was analyzed. A scenario current uncertainties of the fundamental con- was proposed that not only solves the issue stants. The values of the fundamental constant −1 −1 but also predicts certain hierarchy between two combinations R∞me(mp + md ) and mp/me observables RK and RK∗ that indicate lep- were determined with fractional uncertainty of ton nonuniversality of possible New Physics. 2 · 10−11. The results obtained provide a more In addition, the angular observables for the than 20-fold stronger bound for a hypothetical ∗ B → K ll decay, which are sensitive to scalar fifth force between a proton and a deuteron [7]. operators,werestudiedinthecontextofNext- A theorem was proven that generalizes to-Minimal Sypersymmetric Standard Model the Naumov–Harrison–Scott identity to the (NMSSM) with light scalar bosons [2]. case of neutrino propagation through absorbing Nontrivial three-loop computations were car- medium. The derived identity sets up a direct ried out, which allows one to extract running connection between a combination of fundamen- strong coupling and quark masses from lattice tal parameters of the lepton sector of the Stan- results with high precision [3]. dard Model (mixing angles, CP-violating phase, When the relic neutrino background was mass-squared splittings) in vacuum and its ef- generated, it contained equal fractions of elec- fective counterparts in matter which involves tron, muon, and tau neutrinos. It was shown refractive indices, cross sections of inelastic in- that the gravitational field of our Galaxy and teractions of neutrinos with matter and matter other nearby cosmic objects changes this com- parameters. Of certain interest are studies of position near the Solar System, enriching it with transformations of high-energy neutrino beams tau and muon neutrinos. As a result, the relic with a soft boundary spectrum in astrophysi- electron neutrinos are the rarest for a terrestrial cal media (relativistic jets, blast waves, AGNs, observer [4]. etc.), whose optical thickness along the neutrino Measurements of the branching fractions beam is comparable to or larger than the neu- (∗) of the semileptonic decays B → D τντ and trino mean free path [8]. Bc → J/ψ τντ systematically exceed the Stan- Further development of the covariant quan- dard Model (SM) predictions, pointing to pos- tum-field theory of neutrino oscillations was sible signals of New Physics that can violate continued. A number of new results were ob- lepton flavor universality. The unknown origin tained, in particular, a theorem was proven on of New Physics realized in these channels was the factorization of hadronic blocks of a con- investigated using a general effective Hamil- nected macrodiagram at large spatial distances tonian constructed from four-fermion operators between its vertices; the properties of over- and the corresponding Wilson coefficients. A lap tensors (determining the space-time regions fit of the Wilson coefficients was performed of interaction of external wave packets) were using all hadronic form factors from a covariant studied in detail, and their explicit form was constituent quark model. Several new-physics obtained for the major processes of the neu-
84 trino production and absorption, necessary for fields, the existence of infrared divergences was practical calculations of the decoherence effects. shown when calculating quantum field correc- A number of effects potentially observable in tions with acceleration, and the summation of an terrestrial and astrophysical neutrino oscillation infinite series of infrared diverging integrals was experiments were predicted and studied, e.g., a performed, which leads to a finite previously new oscillation regime on superlong (astrono- unknown nonperturbative contribution [13]. mical) baselines was investigated [9]. The paradox of a field of a moving locked A phenomenological method was developed charge (confined in a closed space) was solved for calculating the differential cross sections for with the use of the integral Maxwell equations. quasielastic interactions of (anti)neutrinos with It was shown that the average electric field of nuclei, based on the standard relativistic Fermi locked charges does not depend on their Lorentz gas model and introduction of a two-parameter factors. The average electric field of protons run function MA (Eν) — the so-called “running” moving in nuclei coincides with that of protons axial mass of the nucleon — into the axial being at rest and having the same spatial distri- (dipole) form factor. The parameters of this bution of the charge density. The electric field function were obtained from a thorough statisti- of a twisted electron is equivalent to the field of cal analysis of available acceleration data [10]. a centroid with immobile charges whose spatial The ξ-process implementation applied to the distribution is defined by the wave function of deeply virtual Compton scattering amplitude the twisted electron [14]. was demonstrated to ensure both the QCD and In the framework of the quasipotential me- QED gauge invariance. The presented proof is thod in quantum electrodynamics, the Lamb very important for understanding the contour shift (2P–2S), the energy intervals (1S–2S) and gaugeusedindifferentprocesses.Incontrast (1S–3S) and the isotopic shifts in the case of to the standard axial-type gauge, the contour muonic ions of hydrogen, lithium, beryllium, gauge, being a nonlocal kind of gauges, does not and boron were calculated. The results on the suffer from the residual gauge resulting in many light-by-light contributions to the muon anoma- technical difficulties for calculations [11]. lous magnetic moment (MAMM) were part of − + − + − The processes τ → π π ντ and e e → the detailed review on the MAMM problem + − → π π were investigated beyond the 1/Nc within the Standard Model [15]. approximation. It was shown that taking into The vacuum structure and the spectrum of account the pion interaction in the final state excitations were investigated in the model with plays a very important role in these processes. dynamical symmetry breaking of electroweak The obtained results are in satisfactory agree- interactions. A new approach to studying this ment with the experimental data. The widths problem was suggested, which is based on the of the decays η → π+π−γ and η → π+π−γ Schwinger–DeWitt method. It was shown that, were calculated. The essential ambiguity related in contrast with the wide-spread point of view, with the surface terms of anomalous triangle the top-condensation model is able to describe diagrams was used to satisfy the low-energy the phenomenological values of the Higgs mass, theorems for these processes. Besides, a new top and bottom quarks. This result makes the strategy for extracting the singlet–octet mixing top-condensation scenario more favorable [16]. angle from these processes was discovered [12]. The conductivity of quark–gluon plas- It was found that the hydrodynamic proper- ma (QGP) in external magnetic fields was stu- ties of the relativistic medium associated with died by means of lattice QCD simulations. The acceleration are determined by the phenomenon first estimation of the conductivity in QCD with at the junction of quantum field theory and physical quark masses was obtained. It was gravity — the Unruh effect. This conclusion was foundthatthenonzeromagneticfieldleadstoan based on the calculation of quantum corrections increase in conducivity in the parallel direction, associated with acceleration in the fourth order giving evidence for the Chiral Magnetic Effect. of the perturbation theory of quantum field the- In the perpendicular direction the conductivity ory at finite temperatures: they were shown to is a decreasing function of the magnetic field, exactly satisfy the relations following from the this is the magnetoresistance phenomenon in Unruh effect. A wide range of field theories QGP [17]. was considered: the theory of real and complex The influence of the rotation on the confine- scalar fields in the framework of the usual and ment/deconfinement phase transition in SU(3) conformally symmetric formulations, the theory gluodynamics was investigated using the Monte of Dirac fields, and the cases of massive and Carlo lattice simulations. The calculations were massless fields. In the case of massive scalar performed in the rotating reference frame, where
85 the rotation is introduced using the external netic superfluidity can continue to exist above gravitational field. The Polyakov loop and its the “old” critical phase transition temperature. susceptibility were computed for various values Spin-triplet pairing of charged fermions was also of the temperature and angular velocity. Dif- studied, new phases were found. 3P2 nn pairing ferent types of boundary conditions (periodic, in the matter of neutron stars was considered. open, Dirichlet) were tested in directions or- The pp pairing in the 3P2 state, possible in the thogonal to the rotation axis. The obtained coresofthemostmassiveneutronstars,was results show that the critical temperature of the also considered, as well as the 3S1 np pairing in confinement/deconfinement phase transition in the nuclear systems of finite size: in nuclei and SU(3) gluodynamics increases with a growth in systems formed for a time in nucleus–nucleus the angular velocity. It was shown that this collisions [21]. effect, in general, does not depend on the lattice Phase transition and critical behavior in size and boundary conditions used [18]. SU(N) symmetric field models were investi- Global polarization of Λ and anti-Λ was gated for an arbitrary flavor number N. Nonper- calculated based on the axial vortical effect. turbative expansion of the functional renormal- Simulations were performed within the model ization group equation within the local potential of the three-fluid dynamics. The equations of approximation was presented and large-N anal- state with the deconfinement transition result ysiswasperformed.Thisapproachiscapableof in good agreement with STAR data for both Λ recovering the one-loop β functions of the cou- and anti-Λ polarization, in particular, with the pling constants of the epsilon-expansion. More- Λ–anti-Λ splitting. Predictions for the global po- over, it shows direct evidence that for flavor larization in forthcoming experiments at NICA numbers N>3 the system undergoes a fluctu- energies were made [19]. ation-induced first-order phase transition [22]. Hydrodynamical simulations for a large set of high-density matter equations of state (EOS) Theory of Nuclear Systems. In 2020, in- were used for systematic determination of the vestigations were carried out in accordance with M four projects: threshold mass for prompt black-hole forma- • tion in equal-mass and asymmetric neutron star Microscopic models for exotic nuclei and nuclear astrophysics; mergers. Тhe so far most direct, general, and • accurate method was devised for determination Low-energy nuclear dynamics and proper- of the maximum mass of nonrotating neutron ties of nuclear systems; M • Quantum few-body systems; stars from merger observations revealing . • A new observable signature of quark matter in Relativistic nuclear dynamics and nonli- neutron star mergers was identified from con- near quantum processes. sideration of hybrid EOS with a hadron–quark Electron-capture rates were calculated for N = 78 82 86 phase transition. These findings have direct neutron-rich 50 nuclei ( Ni, Ge, Kr, 88 T = applications in gravitational wave searches, kilo- Sr) at temperature 0correspondingto 10 nova interpretations, and multimessenger con- capture on the ground state and at T = 10 K straints on neutron star properties [20]. (0.86 MeV), which is a typical temperature at Thephasesofcomplexvectorfieldsofneu- which the N = 50 nuclei are abundant during tral and charged bosons were studied. The a supernova collapse. In agreement with recent Zeeman coupling of the vector boson field with experiments, there was found no Gamow–Tel- the magnetic field was taken into account. It ler (GT+) strength at low excitation energies, was shown that under certain conditions such E<7 MeV, caused by Pauli blocking induced by systems can behave as ferromagnetic super- the N = 50shellgap.Itwasshownthatatthe fluids. The response to an external homoge- astrophysically relevant temperatures this Pauli neous static magnetic field H was studied. The blocking of the GT+ strength is overcome by spin-triplet pairing of neutral fermions with the thermal excitations, leading to a sizable GT con- preserved spin was considered, and new phases tribution to the electron capture. These results were found. In the external magnetic field, indicate that the neutron-rich N = 50 nuclei a phase with a zero mean spin turns out to do not serve as an obstacle of electron capture during a supernova collapse [23]. be unstable to the formation of a phase with + a nonzero spin. With a certain choice of pa- The 1 spectrum of 130In populated in the rameters, ferromagnetic superfluid phases are β decay of 130Cd was studied. The coupling formed already at H = 0andarecharacterized between one- and two-phonon terms in the by their own magnetic field h.Itwasshownthat wave functions of 1+ states was taken into ac- for H>Hcr spin-triplet pairing and ferromag- count within the microscopic model based on
86 the Skyrme interaction. The dominant contri- the npDVR based on the Lebedev or Popov 2D bution to the additional 1+ states comes from quadratures substantially accelerates the conver- the [3+ ⊗ 2+] two-phonon configurations con- gence of the computational scheme. Moreover, structed from the charge-exchange 3+ phonons. the fastest convergence was obtained with the A correlation was found between the low- npDVR based on the Popov quadratures that lying E2 transition strengths of the parent have the largest efficiency coefficient [29]. 126,128,130In and daughter 126,128,130Cd isobaric The calculations of the electromagnetic form companions [24]. factors of three-nucleon systems in the static The recent (α, α) data on the Isoscalar approximation were performed for various mod- Giant Monopole Resonance (ISGMR) and Iso- els of electromagnetic nucleon form factors at 2 scalar Giant Quadrupole Resonance (ISGQR) the momentum transfer squared up to 10 GeV . in 92,94,96,98,100Mo were analyzed within a fully The calculation of the relativistic corrections self-consistent Quasiparticle Random Phase Ap- to the form factors of three-nucleon nuclei as- proximation (QRPA) approach with Skyrme in- sociated with the Lorentz transformations was teractions.Itwasfoundthatinthegroundstate also performed. Calculations show a significant the inclusion of pairing correlations and axial contribution of the relativistic corrections to the deformations play important roles. Comparison form factors [30]. The masses of the ground and excited between ISGMR and ISGQR distributions con- states of pseudo-scalar glueballs were calcu- firmed that even at modest deformations there is latedwithinanapproachbasedontherain- a deformation-induced coupling of the monopole bow approximation to the Dyson–Schwinger and and quadrupole modes [25]. Bethe–Salpeter equations with effective param- The production cross sections of the heavi- eters adjusted to lattice QCD data. The struc- est isotopes of superheavy nuclei with charge ture of the truncated Bethe–Salpeter equation numbers 112–118 were predicted in the xn-, with the gluon and ghost propagators as solu- pxn-, and αxn-evaporation channels of the 48 tions of the truncated Dyson–Schwinger equa- Ca-induced complete fusion reactions for fu- tions was analyzed in the Landau gauge. Both ture experiments. A way was shown to produce the Bethe–Salpeter and Dyson–Schwinger equa- n directly unknown superheavy isotopes in the 1 - tions were solved numerically within the same n or 2 -evaporation channels [26]. rainbow-ladder truncation with the same effec- The coexistence of symmetric mass and tive parameters which ensure consistency of the asymmetric charge distributions of fission frag- approach. We found that with a set of parame- ments was examined [27]. ters, which provides a good description of the For the fermionic or bosonic oscillator fully lattice data within the Dyson–Schwinger ap- coupled to several heat baths with mixed statis- proach, the solutions of the Bethe–Salpeter tics, the analytical expressions for the occu- equation for the pseudo-scalar glueballs exhibit pation numbers were derived within the non- a rich mass spectrum which also includes the Markovian quantum Langevin approach. The ground and excited states predicted by lattice role of statistics of the system and heat baths in calculations. The obtained mass spectrum con- the dynamics of the system was studied. The tains also several intermediate excitations be- full coupling of a quantum system to a heat yond the lattice approaches. The partial Bethe– bath usually induces its evolution towards an Salpeter amplitudes of the pseudo-scalar glue- asymptotic equilibrium. It was shown that such balls were presented as well [31]. an equilibrium might never be reached when the The thermodynamic quantities of the ideal system is coupled simultaneously to bosonic and gas of hadrons and the (2 + 1)-flavor lattice fermionic heat baths unless different thermal QCD scaled by the effective degeneracy factors reservoirs are related with each other. The con- of the corresponding models were compared. It ditions under which an asymptotic equilibrium wasfoundthatintermsofthescaledvariables can be reached were discussed [28]. the quark–hadron duality of the lattice QCD and A nondirect product discrete variable repre- the hadron resonance gas (HRG) model disap- sentation (npDVR) was developed for treating pears. However, the scaled variables lead to quantum dynamical problems which involve non- the quark–hadron duality of the lattice QCD and separable angular variables. The npDVR basis the quantum ideal gas of kaons and antikaons, was constructed on spherical functions orthogo- namely, the ideal gas of those hadrons that nalized on the grids of the Lebedev or Popov 2D contain all the three quarks u, d, s and their quadratures for the unit sphere instead of the antiquarks. Despite in the ideal gas of kaons direct product of 1D quadratures. The use of there is no phase transition, in the present cal-
87 culations the scaled thermodynamic quantities nal field generated by the extended crystalline of the ideal gas and the lattice QCD follow surroundings, relevant in the context of recent the same qualitative behavior and are consistent studies on tuning the nature of the ground-state with each other [32]. wave function in the 4f triangular-lattice and For the first time, a comparative analysis pyrochlore compounds. It also makes KCeO2 an of the scattering length of vector meson (ω, interesting model system in relation to the effect ϕ, J/ψ) — proton interactions was performed. of large crystal-field splittings on the anisotropy A nontrivial exponentially strong dependence of of intersite exchange in spin-orbit coupled quan- the scattering length on the quark content of tum magnets [35]. interacting hadrons was found [33]. Nonlinear effects in the antiferromagnetic zigzag phase of the extended Kitaev–Heisenberg Theory of Complex Systems and Advan- model were investigated in a certain limit, which ced Materials. Theoretical investigations in allows the diagonalization of the magnon Hamil- 2020 were carried out in the framework of the tonian analytically. For various parameters of following projects: the spin Hamiltonian, the spectrum and dam- • Complex materials; ping rate of magnons due to the three-particle • Nanostructures and nanomaterials; interaction caused by anisotropic terms in the • Mathematical models of statistical physics Hamiltonian were calculated. It was shown that of complex systems. the damping of spin waves is sufficiently large Small-angle scattering (SAS) of X-rays, neu- andshouldexplaintheobservedbroadeningof trons, and light from asymmetric Janus parti- magnon spectral peaks in neutron scattering cles (AJPs) with tunable structural and physi- experiments [36]. cal properties was theoretically investigated. It The foundational issues of the problem of was shown that identification of AJPs and a time and asymmetry of time were analyzed quantitative description of their morphology can from a unified standpoint. Current theories be achieved by using the method of SAS to- and underlying notions were discussed, includ- gether with a contrast variation. This approach ing the interdisciplinary aspects such as the was illustrated by providing analytic expressions role of time and temporality in quantum and for SAS intensities and for contrast matching statistical physics, biology and cosmology. So- points for two kinds of common multiphase phisticated ideas and approaches for treatment AJPs. The influence of the model parameters of the problem of time and asymmetry of time was presented and discussed, and the structural were compared by considering thoroughly the evolutionofAJPsuponsolventdeuterationwas second law of thermodynamics, nonequilibrium characterized. The results suggest that the com- entropy, entropy production and irreversibility in bination of the SAS technique with multiphase various aspects. The concept of irreversibility modeling provides detailed information about was discussed carefully and reanalyzed to cla- the structural conformation of AJPs, which al- rify the concept of entropy production, which is lows their identification from experimental SAS a marked characteristic of irreversibility. The data. Monte Carlo simulations were performed role of boundary conditions in the distinction both to validate the obtained results and to between past and future was discussed with illustrate the above findings for complex AJPs attention to this context [37]. for which analytic expressions are not avail- Exact formulas of the mean current and dif- able [34]. fusion coefficient were obtained in the q-boson The S = 1/2systemKCeO2 was analyzed, zero range process, which is a stochastic inte- combining complementary theoretical methods. racting particle model with special interparti- The lattice geometry was optimized and the cle interaction responsible for the model being band structure was investigated using density exactly solvable. The analysis of their asym- functional theory extended to the level of a ptotic behavior in the large system size limit GGA + U calculation in order to reproduce the N →∞ showed that for generic values of correct insulating behavior. The Ce 4f 1 states the interaction parameter |q| = 1 the leading were then analyzed in more detail with the help terms of the diffusion coefficient demonstarate of ab initio wave-function-based computations. the N 3/2 scaling expected for models in the Unusually large effective crystal-field splittings Kardar–Parisi–Zhang√ universality class. The of up to 320 meV were predicted, which puts scaling q ∼ exp (−α/ N ) → 1correspondsto KCeO2 in the strong field coupling regime. The the crossover between the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang calculated results revealed a subtle interplay be- and Edwards–Wilkinson universality classes. tween ligand-cage electrostatics and the trigo- Under this scaling, the crossover scaling func-
88 tion was obtained that was previously derived current. This results in strongly reduced energy for the asymmetric simple exclusion process and dissipation. The underlying physical mechanism conjectured to be universal [38]. of the reversal was discussed. The influence Within the framework of stochastic reac- of the magnetic anisotropy on the controllabil- tive molecular dynamics simulations, a statisti- ity of the reversal by the pulse duration was cal method for generating fluorinated graphene investigated. In addition, a way of a simulta- structures with desirable fluorine distribution neous electrical detection of the reversal was was developed. Electronic transport properties proposed [42]. of fluorinated graphene in a wide range of func- tionalization degree and system ordering were Modern Mathematical Physics: Gravity, investigated. A strong correlation was found Supersymmetry and Strings. The topics of the between irregularities in fluorine distribution main focus in the theme in 2020 were: • and electronic properties. In particular, the Quantum groups and integrable systems; • proposed consideration allowed us to reproduce Supersymmetry; • both the experimentally observed electron–hole Quantum gravity, cosmology and strings. asymmetry in transport properties of fluorinated A special representation of the Brauer alge- graphene and a recently revealed conductivity bra was found, which allows one to obtain a new peak at 10% fluoride content [39]. form of solutions of the Yang–Baxter equations Performing exact diagonalization, a ferro- to construct the Behrends–Fronsdal (BF) spin magnetic ground state of the kinetic origin was projectors. Based on the found new tensor rep- shown to emerge in a system of N strongly resentation of the Brauer algebra (in which the correlated electrons on a ring. This phenomenon numerator of the propagator of a massive spin is brought about by the quantum necklace statis- one particle plays a key role), a scheme for con- tics originated from the no-double-occupancy structing generalized D-dimensional projectors constraint leading to a fractional shifted electron of the BF with an arbitrary type of symmetry of momentum quantization. As a consequence of tensor indices was developed (each such a type such a special energy level distribution, the ki- of symmetry corresponds to a certain Young netic ferromagnetism is stable only for N = 3. diagram). Following this scheme, the essence For odd N>3, the fully polarized ferromagnetic of which is to compare the idempotents of the state energy is only a local minimum but it is Brauer algebra and generalized BF projectors, protected by a finite energy barrier that inhibits explicit formulae were written for two asym- one spin-flip processes. The metastable ferro- metric BF operators corresponding to Young magnetic state survives perturbations of small diagrams of the “hook” and “column” type of an magnitude opening up a possibility of being ex- arbitrary length [43]. perimentally observed by an appropriate tuning The conditions were defined for the genera- of the interdot tunneling amplitudes in currently lized fields in the space with additional com- available quantum dot arrays [40]. muting Weyl spinor coordinates, which define The analysis of ultralow temperature heat ca- the infinite half-integer spin representation of pacity of magnetite allowed one to find a unique the four-dimensional Poincare group. Using this contribution that has uncharacteristic behavior formulation, the BRST approach was developed when the magnetic field and temperature are and the Lagrangian was derived for the half-in- changed. This behavior allows one to propose teger infinite spin fields [44]. that the frustrated network of trimerons is the The harmonic superspace approach was ap- origin of this contribution [41]. plied to calculate the divergent part of the Magnetization reversal by an electric current one-loop effective action of 6D, N =(1, 0) pulse in a superconductor/insulating ferromag- supersymmetric higher-derivative gauge theory net/superconductor Josephson junction placed with a dimensionless coupling constant. Having on top of a three-dimensional topological insu- the expression for the one-loop divergences, the lator was studied. It was demonstrated that relevant β function was calculated. The result such a system is perspective for low-dissipative fully matches the one obtained earlier in the spintronics because of the strong spin-momen- component approach [45]. tum locking in the topological insulator surface New static axially symmetric black holes in states. This property provides an ideally strong multi-Skyrmion configurations coupled to Ein- coupling between the orbital and spin degrees stein gravity were constructed in four-dimen- of freedom, thus giving a possibility of efficient sional asymptotically flat space–time. In the reversal of the magnetic moment by current simplest case, the event horizon is located in- pulse with amplitude lower than the critical between a Skyrmion–anti-Skyrmion pair, other
89 solutions represent black holes with gravita- using general modular group SL(2, Z) was con- tionally bounded chains of Skyrmions and an- sidered and its exact evaluation formula was ti-Skyrmions placed along the axis of symmetry proven. This integral represents the partition in alternating order [46]. function of a particular 3d supersymmetric field Based on the systematic Hamiltonian and theory on the general squashed lens space. Its superfield approaches, the deformed N =(4, 8) possible applications to 2d conformal field the- supersymmetric mechanics on Kahler¨ manifolds ory were discussed as well [49]. interacting with constant magnetic field were The problem of cosmological perturbations constructed and their symmetries were studied. in teleparallel gravity was studied within the co- It was shown that the initial “flat” supersymme- variant formulation of teleparallel gravity f(T ), SU( | ) tries are necessarily deformed to 2 1 and which takes into account spin connection. Spin SU( | ) 4 1 supersymmetries, and that the result- connection was calculated that symmetrizes the ing systems inherit all the kinematic symmetries equation for perturbations and splits diagonal of the initial ones. The superfield formulation and nondiagonal part of the equation of motion. of these supersymmetric systems was presented The existence of a minimal solution for spin based on the worldline SU(2|1) and SU(4|1) connection, which leads to zero slip, was demon- superspace formalisms [47]. strated; however, in this case, one additional A special degeneration limit w →−w (or 1 2 equation appears, so the system may become b → i in the context of 2d Liouville quantum field theory) was considered for the most ge- overdetermined. It was shown that a more neral univariate hyperbolic beta integral. This general solution exists, which is incompatible limit was also applied to the most general hyper- with zero slip but allows one to write down the bolic analogue of the Euler–Gauss hypergeomet- equations of motion for cosmological perturba- ric function and its W (E7) group of symmetry tions in a self-consistent way [50]. transformations. The resulting functions were It was found that in effective scalar-tensor identified as hypergeometric functions over the theories at the one-loop level some nonmini- field of complex numbers related to the SL(2, C) mal interactions are universally generated. The group. A new similar nontrivial hypergeomet- mechanism of their generation is similar to the ric degeneration of the Faddeev modular quan- generation of the anomalous magnetic moment tum dilogarithm (or hyperbolic gamma func- of fermions. The influence of quantum correc- tion) was discovered in the limit w1 →−w2 (or tions on the scalar field effective potential was b → 1) [48]. studied,anditwasfoundthatsuchcorrections A univariate beta integral composed from do not generate new nontrivial minima in the general modular quantum dilogarithm functions effective potential [51].
DUBNA INTERNATIONAL ADVANCED SCHOOL OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS (DIAS-TH)
The educational program of the DIAS-TH Collisions and Astrophysics”, Helmholtz Inter- in 2020 was significantly cut due to the coro- national Summer School “Hadron Structure, navirus pandemic. Because of the restricti- Hadron Matter and Lattice QCD”. Neverthe- ons introduced, it was not possible to or- less, seminars for undergraduate and grad- ganize three planned schools for students uate students, including online, continued and young scientists: International School and the DIAS-TH website was maintained. “Advanced Methods of Modern Theoretical Preparations for the Winter School in The- Physics: Integrable and Stochatic Systems”, oretical Physics “Actual Cosmology”, sched- Helmholtz International Summer School “Mat- uled for February 2021 online, were car- ter under Extreme Conditions in Heavy-Ion ried out.
COMPUTER FACILITIES
In 2020, a new server with 36 computing To upgrade computers at workplaces, 10 PCs cores (2 Intel Xeon Gold 6254 processors) and were purchased. Extensions of technical support 1.5 TB of RAM was brought into operation. were purchased, and updated versions were in-
90 stalled for Mathematica, Maple, Origin Pro, In- WiFi network was improved by installation of tel Parallel Studio. The number of Mathematica dual-band equipment. A denser deployment of network licenses increased from 8 to 10. Up- 30 access points was implemented. gradeofpoolofEthernetswitcheswasfinalized.
REFERENCES
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92 In 2020, the activity of the Veksler and complex “Nuclotron–NICA” and MPD, BM@N Baldin Laboratory of High Energy Physics was and SPD experimental facilities. Experiments aimedatconstruction,developmentandcom- were also continued at external accelerators. missioning of separate units of the accelerator
THE MOST IMPORTANT RESULTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NICA COMPLEX
Nuclotron–NICA Project. Booster and • the quench detection and protection system Beam Transport Channels. On November 20, was adjusted and put into operation, the energy 2020, the Prime Minister of the Russian Feder- dump system was tested, the system of cycle ation M. Mishustin made a technological launch setting and the power supply system for the of one of the main units of the megascience Booster magnets were tuned; project “NICA Complex” — a superconduct- • the heavy-ion accelerator HILAc and the ing booster synchrotron, the Booster. By that beam transport channel from HILAc to the moment the assembly of the Booster magnet Booster were adjusted, the injection system cryostat system had been completed. All sub- units were tuned to the design parameters; • systems were installed and tested, the power the beam was injected onto the magnetic supply system for the magnets was tested and field plateau corresponding to the injection en- ergy, a circulating He1+ beam was obtained; tuned under operation at an equivalent load, • the HILAc–Booster beam transport channel was the main systems for diagnostics of the circulating beam and the closed orbit correction constructed, adjusted and tested. By the end system were consistently tested, the intensity of the year, the initial commissioning tests and of the circulating beam is ensured close to the full-scale measurements aimed at testing and design one; tuning of all systems when working with the • 1+ the high-frequency system was tuned, the He ion beam had been performed. Work with adiabatic beam capture mode was tested in the the beam began on December 19, according to acceleration mode, the acceleration of ions up to the approved schedule. energy of 100 MeV/nucleon was ensured; During the run, the following work was • the electron cooling system was switched sequentially performed: on and tested; • the assembly and testing of the vacuum • magnet power systems, cryogenic and system were completed; magnet cryostat systems were tested when op- • the ACS of the Booster was launched, erating in a magnetic field cycle with design a monitoring system designed to monitor the parameters. process of cryostatting was put into operation, The beam circulation mode was obtained the magnet cryostat system was cooled to a without switching on the magnetic field error temperature of 4.5 K; correction system, while the deviations of the
93 beam orbit from the nominal position in the energy recovery of the electron beam with an horizontal plane did not exceed ±15 mm (a few electron current of up to 150 mA was ensured. more in the vertical plane). This is a direct The effect of interaction between the electron confirmation that the quality of production and and circulating ion beams was observed using assembly of the system elements meets the de- an ionization profilometer. A decrease in the sign requirements. During the run, there was a ion lifetime due to recombination with electrons stable operation of the magnet cryostat system in the cooling section, which depends on the with a magnetic field cycle of about 400 h. electron energy, was reliably recorded. The The use of the orbit correction system to- optimum electron energy (the potential of the gether with the tuning of the beam transport electron gun cathode) is in the range of 1.74– channel from HILAc to the Booster and the 1.82 keV, which corresponds to the calculat- tuning of the injection system units made it ed value. possible to achieve the beam intensity at the · 10 1+ At the end of the run, a comprehensive level of 7 10 of circulating He ions (Fig. 1), testing of the magnet power systems, cryogenic whichisequivalentincurrentto109 Au31+ ions. and magnet cryostat systems was carried out The characteristic lifetime of ions due to during operation in a magnetic field cycle with recombination with molecules and atoms of the the maximum consistently achievable parame- residual gas was approximately 1.9 s (Fig. 1). Taking into account the cross sections of the ters. As a result, a cycle with two “plateaus” recharging processes, this value corresponds to corresponding to the injection energy and the the residual gas pressure in the beam chambers energy of electron cooling was set in the area at the level of (3−6) · 10−8 Pa, which corre- of the increasing field. A field of 1.8 T was sponds to the readings of vacuum gauges and to achieved on the upper “plateau”, and a rate of the design value with the starting configuration field change of 1.2 T/s was ensured in the areas of the pump-out system. of increase and decrease of the field (Fig. 2), During three shifts, work was carried out to which fully corresponds to the design parame- test the electron cooling system (ECS). At the ters of the cycle. injection energy using the ECS dipole magnets All tasks of the run were fully completed. and the Booster correction magnets, the orbit For all Booster systems the necessary informa- of the circulating beam was corrected under tion was obtained for their further development the field of the solenoid of the cooling section during the preparation for the run to accelerate up to 0.07 T. In this field, a stable mode of heavy ions.
Fig. 1. Results of measuring the intensity of the circulating beam using a parametric power transformer (PPT) with optimum tuning of all systems. The green curve is the magnitude of the magnetic field in G, the blue curveisthePPTsignal,andtheorangecurveisthenumberofcirculatingparticles.Timealongthehorizontal axis is given in ms
94 Fig. 2. Design cycle of the magnetic field
Collider. The NICA collider complex is ed. 80% of the collider’s dipole and 10% located in building 17. The operation state of the of the quadrupole magnets have been already building by the end of 2020 was as follows: producedandtestedonthehigh-technologyline • piles (100%); for assembling and testing of superconducting • concrete structures (99%); magnets. • metal structure installation (99%); • facades installation (47%); • roofs (70%); • earth works and temporary roads (98%); • brick and foam block partition walls (63%); • load-bearing floors (70%); • finishing works (28%); • wall drainage system (100%); • displacement of water supply networks (90%); • installation of household and storm sewer (15%); • installation of individual heating units (20%). A general view of the construction site is Fig. 3. General view of the construction site of the shown in Fig. 3. According to the civil works collider complex (November 2020) schedule, the deadline for completion of build- ing 17 is December 2021. These terms are Cryogenic Complex. The new cryogenic primarily due to a significant (50%) increase compressor station, for the installation of which in construction volume at the stage of project a separate building is being built, is one of the implementation. The coronavirus pandemic has key elements of the upgraded cryogenic NICA also affected meeting the contract deadlines. complex. Civil works are in progress at a high In 2020, the production and testing of pace and the terms of the contract should be equipment for the collider subsystems continu- met by mid-2021. 95 In general, at the end of 2020, the amount sions with specialists from the Italian company of work performed to develop the design config- ASG Superconductors, which is responsible for uration of the NICA complex was about 70%. the quality of the magnetic field in the MPD detector, the “go-ahead” was received to con- MPD Project. In 2020, the formation of tinue the assembly, and on December 25, 2020, the MPD collaboration, which numbered over the last 28th plate was installed. The final 500 specialists from 39 institutes and 11 coun- measurements of the geometry of the magnetic tries, was completed. Six collaboration meetings circuit again showed the high accuracy of the were held to discuss the progress of the project. production of plates and support rings and their The agreement process of Memoranda of Under- assembly into a single whole (Fig. 4). standing documenting the rights and obligations In November 2020, a complex logistics op- of the participating institutes to construct the facility, including contributions to the general eration for the transportation of the MPD MPD fund, is being continued. superconducting solenoid magnet produced by The MPD detector will be installed in a spe- ASG Superconductors company was success- cial pavilion in the main building 17 of the NICA fully completed. The valuable cargo was deliv- complex. Works on the pavilion are mostly ered by sea and river to Dubna and placed in the completed, and the installation of the incoming MPD pavilion. In 2021, the magnetic circuit equipment has already started. Together with will be partially disassembled to the level of 13 these works, electrical networks (1.2 MV) and plates, the Solenoid will be installed, and the their laying, ventilation system, water cooling magnetic circuit with a total weight of about and heating systems are being installed, techni- 900 t will be completely re-assembled. After cal documentation is being written for the laying connecting the necessary communications, the of gas lines for MPD detectors and cryogenic Solenoid will be cooled. By the end of April, lines (gaseous and liquid nitrogen and helium) itisplannedtocoolittothetemperatureof for the Solenoid. Server units are installed. liquid nitrogen, and by September 2021 — to the temperature of liquid helium. After that, Solenoid Magnet. In July 2020, the main a measuring station with 32 Hall sensors will parts of the magnet yoke (28 plates and 2 sup- be installed to measure the uniformity of the port rings) arrived in Dubna from the Czech magnetic field. To obtain the required field Republic after the test assembly performed at uniformity of 3 · 10−4, it is planned to adjust the HM Vitkovice production plant. In the the currents in the correction coils. After each shortest time possible, 13 plates and support adjustment it will be necessary to measure the rings were assembled with the same high accu- 3D map of the field. At the end of 2021, the racy as that one at the plant: deviations of most installationprocessofMPDdetectorswillstart. of the measured geometric dimensions from the control parameters did not exceed 0.2 mm, with Time Projection Chamber. Time Projection rare exception they were 0.5 mm, taking into Chamber (TPC) is the main tracking detector account a magnetic circuit length of 8970 mm of the MPD experiment. In 2020, the outer and a diameter of 6670 mm. After long discus- TPC cylinder consisting of C3–C4 shells with a
Fig. 4. Measurement results for magnetic circuit assembly
96 diameter of about 2.8 m and a length of 3.4 m FHCal. Each of the two arms of the for- was assembled, the work on the installation ward MPD detector includes 44 modules with of a mechanical structure for fixing thermal dimensions of 150 × 150 × 1100 cm, which are shields was completed on the C4 shell. The 42 alternating layers of lead and scintillator as- main elements of the TPC, such as high-volt- sembled in seven longitudinal segments. FH- age electrode, flanges, rods, etc., are ready for Cal modules and readout electronics are ready assembly; all 24 readout chambers are produced for operation and are being tested with cosmic and tested. 113 sets (8%) of front-end electronic rays. The design of the FHCal support platform cards are produced. The gas system for the has been completed and a tender has been an- TPC is ready. Special ultraviolet lasers and a nounced for its production. laser beam distribution system at a small ra- ECal. The uniqueness and complexity of the dius have been supplied to JINR, the purchase ECal is in the projection geometry of the de- of units for low-voltage and high-voltage TPC tecting modules. At two sites (“Tensor” Dubna systems developed at CAEN has begun. Cooling and Protvino) in Russia, work on the production system, slow control system, DAQ, tools for of modules for an electromagnetic calorimeter is installing the TPC into the MPD facility are going according to the plan. One fourth of all being developed. The assembly of the TPC will modules should be produced in China. In 2020, be completed in early 2021, followed by testing the PRC government financed the construction the detector using cosmic rays. of modules that will be produced by several universities in China, headed by Tsinghua Uni- Time-of-Flight System. MPD Time-of- versity. The entire infrastructure for mass pro- Flight (TOF) system is based on multigap re- duction has already been prepared and work sistive plate chambers (mRPC), 40% of mRPCs has started. The central part of the ECal con- have already been produced. The assembly of sists of 38 400 “towers” with a cross section of TOF modules and their testing with cosmic 4 × 4 cm, the assembly of 16 “towers” forms one rays are underway. All test bench equipment module. Currently, 300 modules have been pro- matches the system that will be used in MPD. duced. This is enough to construct three ECal A part of assembly and installation equipment is sectors. By the middle of the year, modules for being produced. A basic device for transferring another three sectors will be produced in Russia, and adjusting the TOF modules inside MPD and colleagues from the PRC have planned to is currently under development. The purchase produce eight sectors by the end of 2021. of devices and subsystem components is almost Milestones of the MPD Assembling. Mile- completed. TOF gas system is already in opera- stones of the MPD assembling are described in tion in the test bench. the table.
Stage of assembly Deadline Preparing to switch on the solenoid magnet (cryogenics, power supply, etc.) January–September 2021 Magnetic field measurements October–November 2021 Preparing for installation of detector subsystems December 2021 Installation of TOF, TPC, electronics platform, cabling January–June 2022 Installation of a beam tube, FHCal, cosmic ray test system July 2022 Facility tests on cosmic rays July–December 2022 Commissioning December 2022 Beam operation March 2023
MC Simulation and Data Analysis. Prepa- also regularly used by members of the MPD col- ration for physical analysis is carried out in five laboration to analyze this data and evaluate the physics working groups of the MPD project. In performance of the MPD facility. This allowed recent months, large-scale Monte Carlo simu- one to prepare several dozen scientific reports lations have been performed at the “Govorun” from the MPD collaboration for international supercomputer at JINR LIT, each including sev- scientific conferences in 2020. eral million events. A procedure for validating BM@N Experiment. The BM@N collab- Monte Carlo data has been developed. The oration includes 250 physicists and engineers NICA special computing cluster at VBLHEP is from 20 institutes and 10 countries. The aim
97 of the experiment is to study the dynamics of the time-of-flight system. The analysis of the reactions and the properties of hadrons in dense yield of these particles is carried out depending nuclear matter, to investigate the production on the kinematic variables. of strange hyperons close to the threshold and A complete analysis of data in the studied search for hypernuclei in interactions of the interactions of carbon nuclei with a liquid hydro- extracted beams of the Nuclotron with fixed gen target was carried out using the program targets. The project also studies the structure for studying nucleon correlations. Based on the of nuclei at small internucleon distances. resultsofthestudy,apaper“TheTransparent Nucleus: Unperturbed Inverse Kinematics Nu- Data Analysis. In 2020, an analysis of the c experimental data recorded in the interactions of cleon Knockout Measurements with a 48 GeV/ argon nuclei with kinetic energy of 3.2A GeV Carbon Beam” was prepared and accepted for with the nuclei of Al, Cu, Sn, and Pb targets publication in Nature Physics. The quasi-elastic 12 + p → p + 11 was performed. In these interactions the signal exclusive process C 2 Bwiththe of Λ hyperons was obtained in the spectrum of registration of all reaction products (Fig. 7) was effective masses of (p, π−) pairs (Fig. 5). measured,andtheeventsofprotonscatteringby Charged π+, K+ mesons,aswellaspro- correlated nucleon pairs in the carbon nucleus in 12 + p → p + 10 10 +(n/p) tons and light nuclear fragments 3He, d/4He reactions like C 2 B/ Be (Fig. 6), were identified according to the data of were identified. the central and external tracking systems and Experimental Facility Status. According to the development programme of the facility for studying the interactions of heavy nuclei, detectors for the complete BM@N configura- tion were developed (Fig. 8). Tests with cosmic muons of seven GEM detectors with an active region of 163 × 39 cm have been carried out, and readout electronics for these detectors based on chips by IDEAS company (Norway) have been produced. The design was developed and silicon mi- crostrip detectors were produced for three planes of the forward tracking detectors FwdSi, which will be installed immediately after the target; readout electronics based on chips by IDEAS company are being produced. Fig. 5. Signal of Λ hyperons in the spectrum of Silicon detectors have been produced for effective masses of (p, π−) pairsininteractionsofan three Si beam trackers and two Si beam pro- argon beam with energy of 3.2A GeV with various filers, which will be installed before the tar- targets get to measure the beam track and focus the beam on the target; the design of the detectors was developed, the readout electronics are being produced; a trigger detector is being produced based on azimuthal silicon segments. A wide-aperture tracking system consisting of four planes of microstrip silicon STS detectors is being developed together with the CBM col- laboration members; fast electronics for reading and receiving data for these detectors are being developed; a hybrid tracking system based on FwdSi/STS and GEM detectors has been sim- ulated to determine the detection efficiency of cascade decays of hyperons and hypernuclei in Fig. 6. Identification of π+, K+, p, 3He and d/4He interactions of heavy nuclei. by the TOF-700 system in interactions of Ar nuclei Three CSC cathode strip chambers of with energy of 3.2A GeV with different targets: the 133 × 107 cm have been produced in addition to square of the mass distribution of identified particles the one already operating for recording tracks normalized to charge value for the TOF-400 system; the design of two large
98 Fig. 7. Quasi-elastic events (QE) identified by the correlation between the missing Emiss energy in the 12Crest frame and the angle between two scattered protons in the laboratory frame. The contribution of background events of inelastic interactions (IE) and secondary interactions in the initial and final states (ISI, FSI) is also shown
Fig. 8. Complete configuration of the BM@N detectors for studying heavy nucleus interactions
CSC cathode chambers of 219 × 145 cm for the quartz hodoscope has been produced to register TOF-700 system has been developed. Prospec- nuclear fragments in the region of high-intensity tive fast readout electronics for GEM and CSC heavy ion beams. detectors based on VMM3a chips for high-in- In 2021, it is planned to resume research in tensity ion beams (2 MHz) are being developed. the BM@N experiment, and in late autumn, an A beam transport channel in the BM@N experiment is planned to be conducted under the experimental zone up to the target has been research programme for nucleon correlations at produced and installed; a beam transport chan- short distances using a carbon ion beam. nel from thin carbon fiber inside the installation SPD Project. In 2020, SPD CDR, which from the target to the ZDC hadron calorimeter met the requirements of the updated physics to suppress interactions of heavy ions with air programme and external conditions, was pre- is being manufactured; a vacuum target station pared for consideration by the PAC for Particle with several targets has been produced. Physics. The expected performance of the facil- In addition to the FHCal calorimeter for ity was estimated using Monte Carlo simulation measuring the centrality of interactions, a methods.
99 The following prototypes of detectors have ALPOM-2 Project. The research under been constructed and tested. A 16-layer proto- the ALPOM-2 project was aimed at finding the type of the SPD muon system has been devel- analyzing power in inclusive nucleon scattering. oped, electromagnetic calculations for the mag- Three new approaches to the development of netic system have been performed. A proto- polarimetry — switching on a calorimeter to type of the coordinate module of 63 × 63 mm select high-energy nucleons in the final state vertex detector was developed based on the using a charge exchange reaction and replac- use of double-sided silicon microstrip detectors ing a hydrogen-rich light target with heavier and a flat polyimide cable. The prototypes of nuclei — open the way to simpler and more the heterogeneous calorimeter were tested using efficient measurements of nucleon polarization cosmic rays. The first tests with a radioactive in the GeV energy range. source of the VMM3a readout chip for the straw Figure 9 shows the analyzing power as func- tracker prototype were carried out. A prototype tion of the transverse momentum and differ- detector based on microchannel plates for the entthresholdsofenergydepositinthehadron inside part of SPD BBC (Beam–Beam Counter) calorimeter. It can be seen that the analyzing has been successfully tested under ultrahigh power increases by a factor of about 2 when vacuum conditions up to 10−10 Pa. The first the particles with low-energy deposit are sup- version of the prototype of readout electronics pressed. The new data and their interpreta- with the Time-over-Threshold (ToT) option for tion [1] were highly appreciated at the Jefferson the external scintillation unit of the BBC has Laboratory (USA), where, on this basis, at the been tested. CEBAF complex at JLAB an experiment was A miniSPD stand has been constructed for approved to measure the ratio of the electromag- simultaneous irradiation of various SPD detec- netic form factors of the neutron. tors with cosmic muons, which is also used for testing and tuning of systems of data acquisi- tion, slow control, gas distribution, low-voltage and high-voltage power supplies. For the SPD test zone two target stations were developed and produced to locate targets and detectors in the common volume of vacuum of the extracted beam channel, two control rooms were con- structed. Work is underway to produce detect- ing and metrological equipment for a low-energy channel, and simulation is being performed for a high-energy channel. Three remote workshops of the SPD pro- to-collaboration were held for the preparation of the CDR and the physical programme; the draft of the SPD constitution was formulated, Fig. 9. Analyzing power of Ay in relation to the pt the formation of the Collaboration continues. transverse momentum
PARTICIPATION IN EXPERIMENTS AT EXTERNAL ACCELERATORS
Experiments at the Large Hadron Collider. The analysis of femtoscopic correlations of + − ALICE. The main efforts of the JINR group K K pairs for Pb–Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV in data analysis and physics simulation were conducted within the FSI model using a new focused on the study of femtoscopic correlations “Dubna approximation” with traditional param- eters for the contributions of the a (980) states and the production of vector mesons in ultra- 0 (Martin, Achasov) and free parameters for peripheral Pb–Pb collisions. In addition, the f0(980) has been adjusted and completed [2]. staff continued to participate in the maintenance A good correlation was obtained between the and development of the GRID–ALICE analysis experimental data and the model predictions: at JINR. the values of the f0(980) meson mass and width,
100 M =(990 ± 20) MeV/c2 and Г = (39.70 ± New analysis results of femtoscopic corre- ± 7.94 (stat.) ± 11.80 (syst.)) MeV/c2,cor- lations of pairs of identical charged pions and respond to tabular (PDG) data. These re- kaons in pp interactions at 13 TeV were obtained sults were reported by the JINR group at the separately for spherical (ST > 0.7) and jet-like ICPPA-2020 conference. The publication is be- (ST < 0.3) events (ST is transverse sphericity). ing prepared. The main result is a decrease in the radii of The results of the analysis of femtoscopic particle radiation sources with increasing k not correlations for pairs of identical charged kaons only in jet-like but also in spherical events, in Pb–Pb interactions at 5.02 TeV were com- which indicates a nontrivial collective behav- pared with the predictions of the EPOS hydro- ior of particles expected only for nucleus–nu- dynamic model. Figure 10 shows the radii of cleus collisions with the possible formation of R the kaon radiation sources, inv, depending on quark–gluon plasma. the transverse momenta of the pairs, kT ,and The analysis of the coherent production of the centrality of the events. Solid and dotted ρ0 mesons in ultraperipheral Pb–Pb collisions at lines are model predictions with rescattering 5.02 TeV was completed. Differential cross sec- of particles in the final state and without it, tions of their production have been determined respectively. It can be seen that the particle and comparisons with the predictions of the rescattering mechanism is important for a cor- models have been made (Fig. 11). In addition, rect description of the experimental data. The the first measurements of the coherent photopro- results were also presented by the JINR group duction of an object similar to a resonant state at ICPPA-2020 [3]. with a mass of about 1700 МeV/c2 were made. These results were reported at ICHEP-2020 in PragueandpublishedinJHEP[4]. The JINR group continued active research within the framework of the project on upgrad- ing the ALICE PHOS electromagnetic calorime- ter in order to select the optimal photodetector and readout electronics.
ATLAS. Based on the statistics correspond- − ing to the integrated√ luminosity of 139 fb 1 at the LHC at s = 13 TeV, the study of the processofassociatedproductionoftheHiggs boson with W or Z boson and its decay into a pair of b-quarks was continued, and the signal Fig. 10. Radii of sources of pairs of charged kaons significance was observed in the channels with depending on the transverse momentum of the pairs. W or Z boson of 4.0 and 5.3 standard deviations Lines — EPOS model predictions with expected values of 4.1 and 5.1, respectively. The cross section for the associated Higgs bo- son production is measured as a function of the transverse momentum of the gauge boson (Fig. 12) [5]. All cross section measurements are in line with the Standard Model expecta- tions, and overall uncertainties range from 30% at large transverse momenta of the gauge boson to 85% at low values. Also, the restrictions have been put on the parameters of the effective Lagrangian sensitive to the modification of the WH and ZH processes, as well as to the decay of the Higgs boson into b-quarks. Together with colleagues from JINR FLNP, radiation tests of high-speed differential ampli- Fig. 11. Comparison of differential cross sections (by fiers were carried out. The results demonstrated rapidity) of coherent production of ρ0 mesons with good stability up to a neutron fluence value of − predictions of various models ∼ 1 · 1016 cm 2.
101 Fig. 12. Measured cross section VH(bb), V → leptons
CMS. The studies carried out by the JINR of the new heavy boson Z (resonance with spin group in the CMS experiment in 2020 were 1 in the SSM model) of the extended calibra- aimed at searching for signals of New Physics tion sector of the SM, which can be achieved in a channel with a pair of leptons and multi- when the LHC operates in the high luminos- ple production of hard particles, at testing the ity mode (1000–3000 fb−1) based on the latest predictions of extended gauge models with and CMS data [6]. For the SSM model, the onset without lepton flavour violation (LFV), scenar- of the kinematic limit in the range of 7 TeV/c2 ios with additional spatial dimensions, with an at energy of 13 TeV was demonstrated, which extended Higgs sector, as well as at testing corresponds to 7–8 TeV/c2 at 14 TeV. simplified descriptions of interactions of dark A generalizing analysis of the results and matter (DM) with SM matter. Precision tests prospects of searching for multidimensional of the Standard Model were carried out in a gravity signals under conditions of limited LHC channel with a pair of muons, as well as in energy (14 TeV) [7] has been carried out. It has processes of inclusive jet production. been demonstrated that the LHC has reached In the channel with a pair of leptons, pre- the limit of its capability to observe possible sig- dictions were made (Fig. 13) for the mass limits nals from quasi-classical multidimensional black holes of RS- and ADD-type. However, there is still a window of oppor- tunity for the so-called “quantum” black holes (QBH) with a characteristic experimental signa- ture with violation of flavor (eμ/eτ/μτ).The obtained restrictions on the minimum accept- able values of the QBH mass are from 3.6 to 5.6 TeV/c2 depending on the model and the number of additional n dimensions (Fig. 14). In a channel with a pair of oppositely charged leptons, an experimental search for the interaction mediator between the SM fields and the dark matter sector has been carried out. In the absence of a significant excess of the signal over the expected SM background within Fig. 13. Observed mass limits for the hypothetical the simplified DM model (with one DM Dirac gauge boson Z in the SSM model at c.m.s. energies particle and one mediator), upper limits on the- of 7, 8, and 13 TeV as function of the integrated masses of TM particles and axial-vector and luminosity vector mediators have been established [8, 9].
102 Fig. 14. Upper limits of the cross section for QBH production decaying to the final state eμ as function of the threshold value of the QBH mass. Predictions are shown for multidimensional QBH models for several choices of the number of extra dimensions: n = 1(RS)andn = 4, 5, 6 (ADD)
Within the second phase of the CMS up- as in the COMPASS experiment using a CERN grade programme, JINR physicists participated SPS muon beam and 6LiD target [10]. In both in the refurbishment of the electronics and the cases, the amplitudes of modulations cos ϕh CSC cooling system of the ME1/1 muon sta- and cos 2ϕh (Fig. 15) demonstrate strong kine- tion. Tests of the assembled chambers were matic dependences for both positive and negative carried out with cosmic rays. An upgraded charged hadrons. It has been known for some system of readout electronics of the central time that the measured hadronic final states hadron calorimeters (HCal) based on silicon in these experiments receive a contribution to photomultipliers (SiPM) was put into operation. SIDIS from exclusive diffraction processes with A new method for assembling active scintillation the production of vector mesons, which is of elements has been developed and tested on a particular importance at large z values, the frac- prototype module of a highly granular end-cap tion of the virtual-photon energy carried by the calorimeter (HGCal). Studies were carried out hadron. on the radiation hardness of the components and In previous measurements of azimuthal on the optimization of the configuration of this asymmetry, this contribution was not taken into calorimeter. account, since there was no information that In 2021, it is planned to utilize the full it could distort azimuthal modulations. Nowa- statistics of the LHC while focusing at finding days a method has been developed for assessing New Physics and measuring the characteristics the contribution of exclusive reactions to az- of the Drell–Yan process. It is planned to com- imuthal asymmetries. Subtracting this contribu- plete the measurement of the forward–backward tion leads to a better understanding of the kine- asymmetry and slopes, as well as to develop a matic effects, and the residual nonzero cos 2ϕh prototype of an automated data quality control modulation gives an indication of the nonzero system. effect of the Boer–Mulders function. Experiments at the CERN Super Proton Spin density matrix elements (SDMEs) were Synchrotron. COMPASS. Measurement of the measured in the processes of hard exclusive + processes with the production of hadrons in production of ω mesons using polarized μ and − semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) μ beams of 160 GeV/c directed to a liquid of leptons off unpolarized nucleons makes it hydrogen target [11]. The measurement cov- possible to obtain information on the intrinsic erstherangeofinvariantmassesofthefi- transverse momentum of quarks in a nucleon nal hadronic state 5.0 103 AUU 6 Fig. 15. Semi-inclusive asymmetries cos 2ϕh obtained on a LiD target indicate violation of s-channel helicity conser- (HG) and quark–gluon plasma (QGP). A fast vation. A significant contribution of unnatural change of “horn” in the energy dependence of parity exchange (UPE) transitions is observed, K/π in central Pb + Pb and Au + Au has been which decreases with increasing of W .The found, which is explained as a manifestation results obtained make it possible to estimate of deconfinement in nuclear interactions — the the contribution of the UPE transitions in a transition from HG to QGP. The NA61/SHINE model-dependent manner and to evaluate the experiment supplemented these data with new role of spiral-dependent generalized parton dis- measurements in the p + p,Be+ Be and Ar + Sc tributions in the processes of exclusive ω-meson reactions, which showed that the energy depen- production. dence of the slope parameter in p + p interac- NA61/SHINE. The main goal of the NA61 tions has the form of a “step” plateau; the data experiment is to study the features of the onset on Be + Be collisions are close to the results of deconfinement and fireball formation, as well for p + p interactions, and the data on Ar + Sc as to find the critical point. The search for the interactions show a dependence on the collision critical point of strongly interacting matter is energy qualitatively similar to the data for the carried out in the NA61/SHINE experiment by p + p reaction, but the plateau is at a much scanning the phase diagram both in temperature higher level. The results for p + p interactions and in the baryon chemical potential, which is may indicate the manifestation of deconfinement achieved by measuring at different energies and by studying the dependences on the sizes of in small systems. colliding systems. The dynamic properties of Duetotheplanstoincreasetheintensityof the energy dependence of the ratio of kaons the lead ion beam by more than 10 times, the to pions yields and the slopes of the kaons upgrade of almost all detector systems of this transverse mass spectra, well known as the facility has begun at CERN. JINR staff mem- “step” and “horn” structures, were studied. In bers are upgrading the time-of-flight (TOF) sys- Pb + Pb collisions such structures arise during tem based on multigap resistive plate chambers the formation of a mixed phase of hadronic gas (MRPC) with readout strips produced for the 104 NA61 experiment based on the developments eration seven new double-layer chambers made performed at VBLHEP for the NICA project. of 6 mm straw tubes with dimensions of 600 ×· × 1200 mm. In 2020, all planes were produced. NA62 (NA48/2). The NA62 experiment at CERN is aimed at studying the very rare Their instrumentation with electronics and test- decay of a charged kaon into a charged pion, ing are underway. neutrino and antineutrino. A new result in Experiments at RHIC. The VBLHEP em- K+ → π+νν studying the decay was obtained ployees take an active part in the STAR ex- in the experiment based on data recorded in periment in Brookhaven to study collisions of 2018. Sensitivity to a single event at the relativistic heavy ions. Due to the small- . · −11 level of 1 11 10 has been achieved, which ness of the measured difference of relative corresponds to 7.6 events expected within the mass of hypertriton and antihypertriton equal Standard Model. Seventeen candidates for sig- to (1.1 ± 1.0(stat.)± 0.5 (syst.)) · 10−4,itwas naleventswithanexpectedbackgroundlevel concluded that there were no violations of CPT of 5.3 events have been experimentally found. symmetry [13]. The most important scientific Together with the three events previously dis- priority of the STAR collaboration is the Beam covered by the NA62 collaboration in 2016 and Energy Scan II programme. The goal of the 2017 data, this leads to the most accurate programme is to search for signatures of phase measurement of the relative decay probability: + + +4.0 − transitions and a critical point in nuclear matter. BR (K → π νν)=(11.0 ± 0.3syst.) · 10 11, −3.5 The planned measurements were performed at which agrees with the expectations of the Stan- ( . ± . ) · −11 five collider energies (7.7, 9.1, 11.5, 14.6 and dard Model 8 4 0 1 10 . NA62 will re- 19.6 GeV). In 2021, it is proposed to additionally sume registration after a long shutdown of the conduct measurements at the sixth energy of LHC to achieve the originally planned 10% ac- 16.7 GeV. Indications that the energy depen- curacy. dence of “net-baryon” fluctuations may undergo New results of the analysis of the fla- significant changes have been obtained. Data vor-changing decay K+ → π+μ+μ− were ob- analysis is being continued using various mod- tained [12]. The preliminary measured els. When studying the plane of the event, a values of the form factor parameters are nonzero value of ν1 was obtained to estimate a = −0.592 ± 0.015, b = −0.699 ± 0.058, the magnitude of the direct flow in Au + Au and the relative probability for the decay √ + + + − − collisions at energy of sNN = 27 GeV. BR (K → π μ μ )=(9.27 ± 0.11) · 10 8. As part of the preparation of the spin pro- The accuracy achieved in the NA62 experiment gramme at the NICA accelerator complex, the significantly improves the available world data members of the group are developing a ZDC on this decay. calorimeter prototype based on gallium–gadolin- The JINR group also takes an active part in ium garnet crystals and absorbers based on the maintenance and development of the facility; W/Cu composite alloys. Prototype assembly adjustment of the production of straw tubes of and testing with a beam are planned for 2021. small diameter and simulation of the efficiency of particle tracks registration are in progress. In addition, four detectors for a polarimeter based on GaGG crystals with a diameter of NA64. During the reporting period, in the 52 mm and a length of 50 mm were designed NA64 experiment, which was highlighted in and produced to be installed at the output of the 2019 by the CERN Directorate as one of the linear accelerator LU-20. most interesting and promising projects from a scientific point of view, the data on the search Experiments at GSI. HADES. The main for the dark photon A production and decay goal of the HADES experiment is to study the signals collected in 2016–2018 runs on the SPS properties of dense hadronic matter produced CERN e-beam were completely processed and in collisions of heavy ions. The JINR group published. The total statistics were composed of carried out work on the interpretation of the ∼ 4 · 1011 events. The candidates for a signal data obtained in HADES on the production + − corresponding to the dark photon signature were of e e pairs in the pion–nucleon interaction. not found. The OPER model is being modified to simulate The JINR group is responsible for the devel- pp → ppπ+π− and np → npπ+π− processes at opment and construction of coordinate detectors energies of 3.5 and 4.5 GeV. The employees also based on thin-walled straw tubes for the ex- participated in the maintenance of the multiwire periment. The Institute made commitments to drift chambers and in the replacement of the produce, equip with electronics and put into op- recording electronics. 105 CBM. The CBM experiment will be one of the CBM muon system, a trial batch of FEE the main experiments at FAIR, which is being was produced based on the AST1-1 microcircuit constructed. In 2020, the JINR group performed for 50 × 50 cm straw detector prototype, and calculations of the magnet with muon detectors radiation tests of the prototype were carried out. of the CBM facility. An estimate of the forces A 16-channel board with SiPM readout for a acting on the coils of a superconducting magnet hadron calorimeter was produced and tested. and on a muon detector has been obtained. For EVENTS On April 20–21, the 5th meeting of the their achievements. The Committee paid spe- BM@N collaboration was held in Dubna. Over cial attention to the progress in construction 40 reports were presented, and recent results (the MPD hall is almost completed and will on interactions of carbon and argon nuclei with soon be ready for magnetic testing) as well fixed targets were discussed. as the completion of installation of the Booster On April 23–24, the 5th meeting of the and the start of a comprehensive commissioning MPD collaboration was held in a video confer- process. ence format. Twenty-seven reports were pre- On October 20–23, VBLHEP hosted an sented on the development of the MPD detector international conference “RFBR Grants for systems and the results of physics analyses. NICA”, where the grant holders reported on the On August 26, the JINR delegation took results of their studies during the first two years part in the solemn opening ceremony of the of their work on grants. In addition, the first day YearsofRussian–ChineseCooperationinSci- of the conference was full of review lectures by ence, Technology, and Innovation scheduled for leading theorists, presentations by NICA project 2020 and 2021. An Agreement between the leaders, by MPD, BM@N and SPD experiment Ministry of Science and Technology of the Peo- leaders and reports by the representatives of ple’s Republic of China and the Joint Institute experiments at the FAIR, LHC and RHIC accel- for Nuclear Research was signed at the event erator facilities. The conference programme is on the participation of China in the construction available at https://indico.jinr.ru/event/1469. and operation of the NICA accelerator complex. On October 26–27, the 6th meeting of the On September 15–16, the second meeting of BM@N collaboration was held in Dubna. Some the NICA Cost and Schedule Review Committee of the reports were presented in person and (CSRC) was held. The Committee emerged on some of them — via video conference. More the decision of the Committee of Plenipoten- than 25 out of 40 reports were presented by tiaries of the governments of the JINR Mem- young employees at parallel sections. ber States. The Committee noted considerable On October 28–30, the 6th meeting of the progress in the implementation of the NICA MPD collaboration was held in a video confer- project since its last meeting in February and ence format with 151 participants. Forty reports congratulated the team and management on were presented. REFERENCES 1. Basilev S. et al. Measurement of Neutron Prediction // 5th Intern. Conf. on Parti- and Proton Analyzing Powers on C, CH, CH2 cle Physics and Astrophysics “ICPPA-2020”, and Cu Targets in the Momentum Region Moscow, Oct. 5–9, 2020. 3–4.2 GeV/c // Eur. Phys. J. A. 2020. V. 56. 4. Pozdnyakov V. (on behalf of the ALICE Col- P. 26. lab.). Vector Meson Photoproduction in Ul- 2. Mikhaylov K. (on behalf of the ALICE Col- tra-Peripheral Pb–Pb Collisions at the LHC + − lab.). K √K Correlations in Pb–Pb Colli- with ALICE // 40th Intern. Conf. on High sions at sNN = 2.76 TeV by ALICE at Energy Physics “ICHEP 2020”, Prague, July the LHC // 5th Intern. Conf. on Parti- 28–Aug. 6; cle Physics and Astrophysics “ICPPA-2020”, ALICE Collab. Coherent ρ0 Photoproduc- Moscow, Oct. 7, 2020. √tion in Ultra-Peripheral Pb–Pb Collisions at 3. Rogochaya E., Batyunya B., Malinina L., sNN = 5.02 TeV // JHEP. 2020. V. 06. Mikhaylov K., Romanenko G., Verner K. Pion P. 035. and Kaon Femtoscopy in Pb–Pb Collisions at 5. ATLAS Collab. Measurements of WH and 2.76 TeV in Comparison with EPOS 3 Model ZH Production in the H → bb Decay Chan- 106 nel in pp Collisions at 13 TeV with the ATLAS LHC // Nucl. Phys. Engineering. 2020 (in Detector. arXiv:2007.02873v1; Eur. Phys. press). J. C (submitted). 10. COMPASS Collab. Contribution of Exclusive 6. Zarubin A. V., Lanyov A. V., Savi- Diffractive Processes to the Measured Az- na M. V., Shmatov S. V. Physics with Heavy imuthal Asymmetries in SIDIS // Nucl. Phys. Dimuons // Articles on Modern Particle B. 2020. V. 956. P. 115039. Physics/ Gen. ed. V.A.Matveev,I.A.Golut- vin. Dubna: JINR, 2020. P. 290–317. 11. COMPASS Collab. Spin Density Matrix Ele- ments in Exclusive ω Meson Muoproduction. 7. Savina M. V., Seitova D. Program of CMS CERN-EP-2020-169; Eur. Phys. J. C (sub- Experiment to Search for Signals of Multidi- mitted). mensional Low-Energy Gravitation at LHC // 12. Madigozhin D. New Measurement of the Phys. Atom. Nucl. 2021. V. 84, No. 2. + + + − P. 149–155. K → π μ μ Decay at NA62 // 9th In- 8. Zhizin I. A., Lanyov A. V., Shmatov S. V. tern. Conf. on New Frontiers in Physics Search for New Physics in Dilepton Channel “ICNFP 2020”, Kolimvary, Crete, Greece (vir- in CMS Experiment at LHC // Phys. Atom. tual), Sept. 4 – Oct. 2, 2020. Nucl. 2021. V. 84, No. 2. P. 143–148. 13. STAR Collab. Measurement of the Mass Dif- 9. Zhizin I. A., Lanyov A. V., Shmatov S. V. ference and the Binding Energy of the Hy- Search for Heavy Neutral Gauge Bosons in pertriton and Antihypertriton // Nature Phys. Dilepton Channel in CMS Experiment at 2020. V. 16. P. 409. 107 NEUTRINO PHYSICS AND RARE PHENOMENA, ASTROPHYSICS The sixth and seventh clusters of Bai- sensitivity to the sterile neutrinos. Based on kal-GVD (a cubic-kilometre-scale deep under- the time window splitting, we have developed water neutrino telescope currently under con- amethodtosuppresstheuncertaintyofθ13 Δm2 8 /9 struction in Lake Baikal) were deployed and and 32 related to the He Li background. commissioned in April 2020 [1]. With their ThedesignoftheTopTrackersupport putting into operation, the efficient telescope for the JUNO experiment is developed, and volume for the high-energy astrophysical neutri- full documentation is sent to the manufacturer. nos increased to 0.35 km3.Thetelescopehas The manufacturing will start in 2021. The 2016 underwater PMT-based Cherenkov light development of the DAQ software is going detectors and operates in the regime of data on. The mass production of the HV modules acquisition and accumulation. The atmospheric (∼ 25 000 items) developed by the JINR group muon and neutrino flux data are in good agree- was started after several factory tests. The ment with the expectation [2]. The count- detailed tests of 20 000 large PMTs for the ing rate of the first detected high-energy neu- Central Detector and the Veto System come to trino events is in agreement with the data on completion. the flux of astrophysical neutrinos obtained by Within the Borexino experiment, the JINR the IceCube Antarctic neutrino telescope. The group participated in the analysis of the pile-up combined operation of these two largest tele- events and the likelihood profiles for the recently scopes of the Northern and Southern hemi- published paper on the first direct carbon–ni- spheres allows the whole-sky neutrino survey trogen–oxygen (CNO) neutrino detection [3]. and searches for astrophysical sources. The Limits on the neutrino magnetic moment were Baikal-GVD detector participates in the inter- obtained for the paper on neutrinos from as- national multimessenger alert systems in order trophysical sources [4]. A new method of the to search for and study transient astrophysical data analysis using a multilayer perceptron for sources with the techniques of multimessenger the data selection was proposed and successfully astronomy. tested. It was demonstrated that the current The Daya Bay experiment was shut down in limit on the neutrino effective magnetic moment December 2020. The data analysis will continue canbeimprovedwiththismethod. till 2022. The JINR group was assigned a task In 2020, the NOvA experiment performed of developing the format of the analysis, which data analysis with an increased exposure, which may be published together with the analysis now amounts to 13.6 · 1020 POT (protons on code within the long-term data storage pro- target) in a neutrino beam and 12.5 · 1020 POT gramme. Using the Global Neutrino Analysis in an antineutrino beam. Interpretation of dif- (GNA) software developed at JINR, we have ferent oscillation channels allowed one to refine completed the Daya Bay model containing the the parameters of this phenomenon: the best full set of systematic uncertainties, introduced fit value is at the point with the normal order- the CLs method, and estimated the Daya Bay ing, in the upper octant of the angle θ23 with 108 sin2 θ = . +0.03 Δm2 =(+ . ± . ) ×· T 0ν (82Se + → +) > . ×· 23 0 57−0.04, 32 2 41 0 07 was obtained to be 1/2 ,0gs 01 2 3 × −3 2 δ = . +0.24π × 22 νββ 10 eV and CP 0 82−1.0 . Thus, the 10 y at 90% CL, irrespective of the 2 NOvA data prefer the combinations of the decay process (Fig. 1). oscillation parameters leading to the symme- Within the EDELWEISS experiment, a try between neutrinos and antineutrinos, while breakthrough made by creating detectors sen- the opposite combinations (inverse ordering, sitive to the nuclear recoil energy range below δCP = π/2, and normal ordering, δCP = 3π/2) 100 eV opens up completely new possibilities are rejected at the levels of > 3σ and > 2σ, not only for dark matter (DM) search but also for studying neutrinos with CEνNS. In 2020, respectively [5]. 2 Within the NEMO-3 experiment, the results constraints on sub-MeV/c DM particles inter- of the search for the double-beta decay of 82Se to acting with electrons and on dark photons down + to 1 eV/c2 were obtained from the analysis of the 0 excited state of 82Kr were published [6]. 1 the accumulated data [7]. This study was performed using 0.93 kg of en- In 2019–2020, due to synergy between riched 82Se measured for 4.75 y, corresponding · the EDELWEISS and CUPID-Mo experiments, to an exposure of 4.42 kg y. No evidence of world-class results were obtained in the search νββ + the 2 decay to the 01 state was observed, for neutrinoless double-beta decay of 100Mo. T 2ν (82Se + → +) > . · 21 and a limit of 1/2 ,0gs 01 1 3 10 y Twenty Li2MoO4 scintillating crystals were ope- at 90% CL was set. Concerning the 0νββ rated as bolometers in the EDELWEISS cryo- + decay to the 01 state, a limit for this decay stat. Comparison of light and phonon signals Fig. 1. Distributions of two-electron summed kinetic energy in selected 2e2γ events for Phase 1 (a)and Phase 2 (b). Experimental data are compared to the MC simulation for different backgrounds. The dotted red νββ + · 20 line represents the expected signal of the 2 decay to the 01 state for a half-life of 3 10 y Fig. 2. Experimental spectrum of ul- tralow-energy events and expected spec- tra of dark matter particles in the region that has never before been studied with germanium detectors 109 allowed very efficient alpha-to-beta/gamma decrease the cosmogenic background, an active separation and background-free search for the plastic muon veto has been created and installed. 0νββ. With data accumulated during one The DANSS detector detected about 4M re- year (2019–2020), CUPID-Mo set the new actor antineutrinos. After analyzing most of the best limit 1.5 · 1024 yforthe0νββ decay of collected statistics (∼ 3M events), we did not 100Mo [8] (Fig. 2). observe a significant oscillation effect [11]. The Within the GERDA experiment, the anal- largest part (as compared to competitors) of the (sin2( θ ) Δm2 ) ysis of the full data set was completed in phase space of parameters 2 14 , 14 of possible oscillations, including the point of 2020. With a total exposure of 127.2 kg · y the best fit of the reactor antineutrino anomaly (103.7 kg · y in Phase II), no 0νββ signal was excluded at a level of more than 5σ,isex- observed and the world’s best lower half-life cluded [12] (Fig. 4). For four years the re- T 0ν > . · 26 limit of 1/2 1 8 10 y (90% CL) was derived actor power has been monitored with a sta- (Fig. 3) at the unique median sensitivity of 1.8 ×· tistical error of ∼ 1.5% for two days of mea- × 1026 y [9]. In Phase II, GERDA achieved an surements. The applicability of the proposed B = . +1.6 ×· unprecedentedly low background 5 2−1.3 technology for long-term monitoring of the re- × 10−4 counts/(keV · kg · y), thus realizing the actor was confirmed. The sensitivity of the design goal of background-free performance: the DANSS detector to the composition of nuclear mean background expected in the signal re- fuel (the 239Pu-to-235U isotope ratio, changing gion (Qββ ± 2σ) was 0.3 counts. The back- during the fuel campaign) was clearly demon- ground-free regime results in a nearly linear strated in three reactor campaigns. 2 improvement of sensitivity vs exposure [10]. In 2020, the 1-km TAIGA setup should The νGeN experiment is aimed at precise in- be put into operation. Three Imaging Atmo- vestigation of the electroweak sector and search spheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACT) of the TAIGA-IACT array are installed at the ver- for New Physics from detections of coherent tices of a triangle with the sides of 300, 400 elastic neutrino–nucleus scattering (CEvNS) in and 500 m approximately between the TAIGA- full coherency regime. The search for neu- HiSCORE optical stations. The telescopes have trino magnetic moment down to the level of an alt-azimuth mount and a camera in the ( − ) · −12μ 5 9 10 B is also performed. The energy focus of the segmented Davies–Cotton design resolution of 77.99(33) eV (FWHM) is achieved. reflector with the diameter of 4.3 m and focal This allows exploring low-energy events below length of 4.75 m. The preliminary distribution 250 eV. Backgrounds are suppressed by multi- of the detected EASs was obtained from 40-h layer passive shielding of borated polyethylene, observation of a source in the Crab nebula. lead, copper, and nylon. Moreover, to further The distribution is constructed both for events Fig. 3. Energy distribution of GERDA Phase II events between 1.0 and 5.3 MeV before and after analysis cuts for the full Phase II exposure of 103.7 kg · y. The inset displays the analysis window including the background νββ T 0ν = . · 26 level (green line). The blue curve depicts the 90% CL limit for a 0 signal at 1/2 1 8 10 y 110 Fig. 4. Area excluded by the current analy- sis (cyan fill) and the sensitivity area (light purple curve). The 3 + 1model,whichcor- respondstothebestfitaccordingtothe RAA publication (Mention G. // J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2013. V. 408. P. 012025), is shown in different colours depending on the level of confidence (blue/green/red curves for CL = 90/95/99%), while the black star shows the best fit when the telescope is pointed at the source The OPERA experiment data analysis is (ON distribution) and at the background region close to completion. The analysis of the 2018 without the source (OFF distribution). By the DsTau pilot run data is in progress. It is excess of events at small angle the significance aimed at studying the processes of tau neutrino of the signal from the source is determined. The production and search for the internal charm distribution showed a clear excess of events for of the proton in p−A interactions. The JINR ON distributions, which indicates the detection group has developed a Machine Learning algo- ofgammaraysfromtheCrabnebulabythefirst rithm for suppression of the hadronic interaction TAIGA-IACT at the 6.3σ significance [13, 14]. background. ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PHYSICS Within the ATLAS project, a search was sion data samples with the centre-of-mass en- performed for the decay of the SM Higgs boson ergies ranging from 2.000 to 2.644 GeV [17]. into a bb pair when produced in association The corresponding measurements are consis- with a W or Z boson. All the data√ collected tent with those of BaBar but have much im- from pp collisions in the LHC at s = 13 TeV proved precision. The analysis of the cross were used. The production of a Higgs boson in sections revealed a structure with the mass association with a W or Z boson is established M =(2126.5 ± 16.8 ± 12.4) MeV/c2 and width with the observed (expected) significances of Γ=(106.9 ± 32.1 ± 28.1) MeV with an overall 4.0(4.1) and 5.3(5.1)σ, respectively. The cross statistical significance of 6.3σ.Theresonant section measurements are all consistent with the parameters of the observed structure allow it to Standard Model expectations [15]. be identified as ϕ(2170), which is important for Within the BESIII experiment, the e+e− → understanding the internal structure of ϕ(2170). → pp process was studied at 22 centre-of-mass Software development is the main techni- energy values from 2.00 to 3.08 GeV [16]. cal contribution of the JINR group to the The Born cross section of the process was BESIII experiment. Maintenance of the software measured with the energy-scan technique and packages developed earlier by the JINR group, found to be consistent with the previously pub- including the ROOT-based analysis framework lished data but with much improved accuracy. BEAN, was continued in 2020. The support A partial-wave analysis was performed for the of the JINR segment of the BESIII distributed e+e− → K+K−π0π0 process using e+e− colli- computing system was continued as well. 111 Four modules 4.5 m long for the Mu2e Cos- After the modification of the operations with an- mic Ray Veto (CRV) system were constructed ode wires, fast high-voltage tests showed good at the production facilities of the High En- results, which made it possible to successfully ergy Physics Department of the University of carry out the assembly of the modules [18, 19]. Virginia (USA) according to the schedule of Within the COMET project, straw tubes mass production of scintillation detectors for the with the diameter of 4.8 mm and wall thickness Mu2e experiment. Also, the JINR participants of 12 μm were developed in 2020 (Fig. 5). Their in the collaboration took part in the assembly main advantage is a small amount of material of Straw modules for the Mu2e experiment at on the way of charged particles, minimum gas the University of Minnesota (USA). Despite the leakage, and stable operation in vacuum. Those good mechanical elaboration of the assembly parameters were achieved using the ultrasonic technology, there were fundamental miscalcu- lations in the process of installing the anode welding technology that employs a special high- wires, which, in turn, led to deterioration in -frequency generator. By now, 100 straw tubes the quality of the wire as an anode element of with the length of 70 cm have been produced for the tube. As a result, the assembled modules the tracking detector prototype that is currently did not pass the high-voltage tests at Fermilab. under development at JINR. The achieved char- Thanks to extensive experience in mass pro- acteristics of the new straw tubes give them a duction of wire detectors for DELPHI, DZERO, great advantage and an opportunity to be used COMPASS, and other experiments, the partic- in all current experiments with straw tracking ipants have fundamentally solved this problem. detector systems [20]. Fig. 5. New straw tubes for the JINR detector prototype Within the GDH&SPASCHARM project, protons due to the effects from final state inter- the A2 collaboration performed the world’s first actions. This difference was used to estimate the precision measurements of the total cross sec- photoproduction cross section of neutral pions tions and angular distributions for π0 photo- on free neutrons. These data are obtained using production off quasi-free nucleons bound in the the polarized proton (deuteron) target developed deuteron. Significant difference was found be- by DLNP employees [21]. tween the cross sections for free and bound APPLIED RESEARCH AND ACCELERATOR PHYSICS At the DLNP Department of Multiple Had- out with the MPLI prototype on the JINR ron Processes, two prototypes of the modified DLNP site. The microseismic background of precision laser inclinometer (MPLI) were ma- industrial origin was investigated in order to use nufactured and investigated. At present, daily the MPLI at the NICA collider. The results monitoring of angular microseisms is carried of the study show the usefulness of the MPLI 112 network for monitoring angular microseisms interrelation with functional changes at the level during the operation of the collider [22, 23]. of behavior and on molecular mechanisms im- Installation of five PLIs (two on the VIRGO portant for the development of promising drug gravitational antenna and three on CERN Trans- countermeasures against negative effects of ion- port Tunnel No. 1) and transportation of the izing radiation [27]. sixth PLI to CERN were completed. The state In the Section of Molecular Genetics of patent of the Russian Federation was obtained the Cell, the world’s first transcriptome analy- for inventions related to the Precision Laser sisoftheD. melanogaster line of Russian ori- Inclinometer [24]. gin and other lines of various geographic ori- JINR and ASIPP (Hefei, China) have jointly gins was carried out, which made it possible developed the SC200 superconducting cyclotron to identify a number of candidate genes im- for hadron therapy. The commissioning of portant for the adaptation of insects to global the SC200 superconducting cyclotron in Hefei warming conditions [28]. RNA-seq of model is now close to completion. All systems are D. melanogaster, which were in low radiation manufactured and tested. Magnetic measure- background conditions of DULB-4900 laboratory ments and shimming of the magnetic field of (Baksan Neutrino Observatory, INR RAS), was the SC200 cyclotron have been completed. The performed to assess the effect of natural and low beam was successfully accelerated to the final background radiation on the vital processes of a energy of 200 MeV. Work continues with the complex multicellular organism [29]. Metage- beam aimed at improving the transmission co- nomic sequencing of samples from a deep un- efficient, increasing the intensity, and organiz- derground spring of the BNO INR RAS was ing the extraction [25]. As production of the carried out; during the analysis of the data, new cyclotron for Hefei faced a lot of engineering genera and species of extreme microorganisms challenges, some design solutions for the Dubna were discovered, which are of great interest for cyclotron have been reconsidered after careful fundamental and applied research. analysis of the SC200, other projects, and oper- Within the R&D of new semiconductor ating cyclotrons for proton therapy. For the new detectors, the main elements of the operating Dubna SC230 cyclotron project, a low magnetic X-ray tomograph prototype with a rotating sam- field was chosen. The accelerator as a source of ple were installed and commissioned, and its an intense proton beam opens up opportunities adjustment and calibration began. Cooperation for upgrading equipment for precise control and with the international Medipix4 collaboration delivery of high dose rates for investigations of continued. At the Federal Scientific Research the Flash therapy method [26]. Centre “Crystallography and Photonics”, Rus- In 2020, on the basis of the Medico-Techni- sian Academy of Sciences, a unique monochro- cal Complex (MTC) the effect of gold nanopar- mator for X-ray radiation in the energy range ticles (79Au) on irradiation of the A 549 tu- 8–60 keV was developed and manufactured for mour cell culture (human lung carcinoma) with JINR. The study of the background radiation in gamma rays (60Co) was studied. The number the ATLAS mine using semiconductor pixel de- of micronuclei (MNs, markers of chromosomal tectors with gallium arsenide sensors was com- changes in cells) was estimated. Gold nanopar- pleted [30–32]. The first stage of the electron ticles increase the genotoxic effect of gamma linear accelerator was put into operation. A sta- irradiation. Formation of reactive oxygen ble electron beam with energies up to 200 MeV species (ROSs) in the presence of gold nanopar- was obtained. ticles under gamma irradiation was studied. The project “Development of Experimen- Increased ROS formation can lead to oxida- tal Techniques and Applied Research with tive stress. Gamma irradiation in the presence Slow Monochromatic Beams” focuses on ap- of gold nanoparticles increases the formation plied research in solid state physics and mate- of ROSs. rials and surface engineering using the method In 2020, new scientific results were obtained of positron annihilation spectroscopy. In 2020, in the study on the effect of ionizing radia- the investigations were concerned with the self- tion of different quality on the structure and healing materials in which radiation degrada- function of the central nervous system (CNS). tion was drastically suppressed, e.g., the thin New information was obtained about the role of foil system of Nb–Zr [33] and nanostructured functional changes in glutamate receptors and titanium [34], and the materials proposed for the role of neuroglial interactions and brain neu- generation IV nuclear reactors, which have to romodulatory systems in response to ionizing withstand extreme irradiation, namely, carbides, irradiation. In the studies, the focus was on nitrides and tungsten. Irradiation phenomena comparison of various molecular mechanisms in were also studied [35]. 113 REFERENCES 1. Domogatsky G. V. Deep Underwater Neu- ma-Ray Astronomy in the Tunka Valley // J. trino Telescope — Baikal-GVD // The Instr. 2020. V. 15, No. 09. P. 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The total operation time of the accelera- magnet coils. At the same time, a new control tors in 2020 amounted to 15 000 h. system is developed; new components of the The basic facility of the Factory of Super- cyclotron are developed and manufactured. The heavy Elements accelerator complex — DC-280 modernization aims at enhancing the reliability cyclotron — operated for 3700 h, including and stability of the accelerator (replacement of 500 h dedicated to experiments on the syn- the main magnet coils, accelerator vacuum sys- thesis of element 115 (moscovium) in the tem components, control system, and radiation 243Am + 48Ca reaction. We continued working control system) as well as increasing the inten- out accelerating modes for titanium ions. 48Ti sity of heavy-ion beams. beams with an intensity of 1 particle μAwere produced. In September 2020, the construction of a The programme for experimental investiga- new DC-140 accelerator for applied investiga- tions at the FLNR U-400 accelerator complex tions was begun. The new setup will be placed was implemented according to the plan. The where the decommissioned U-200 cyclotron was operation time of the U-400 cyclotron in 2020 located. The U-200 equipment is being disman- amounted to 5700 h. Contract obligations of tled. Design work for preparing the building for FLNR JINR (Roscosmos, track membrane pro- the new accelerator complex is underway. duction) were completely fulfilled on time. The construction of the assembly hall con- The U-400M cyclotron operated for 2900 h tinued, which is important, in particular, for the during the first half of the year. In July 2020, its implementation of the FLNR plans to develop upgrade was begun, which will last about two and upgrade the fleet of cyclotrons. SYNTHESIS OF NUCLEI AT STABILITY LIMITS AND THEIR PROPERTIES Completion of Test Experiments and First gets continued through 2020. These tests were Experiment at the GFS-2 Gas-Filled Sepa- required for preparing for experiments on the rator. Test experiments aimed at defining the synthesis and study of superheavy nuclei (SHN). optimal parameters of the GFS-2 gas-filled se- The experiments showed that for more efficient parator for transporting 48Са reaction products collection of nuclei the detector’s size in the with the natYb, 174Yb, 170Er, and 206Pb tar- focal plane of the separator had to be increased. 116 Fig. 1. Schematic drawing of initially employed vs new detectors of the GFS-2 separator Anewsystemofdetectors48× 220 mm in sults demonstrated high performance capability size (Fig. 1) was manufactured and tested. The of the Factory of Superheavy Elements. system allows an increase in the efficiency of Spectroscopy of Heavy and Superheavy the reaction product collection by a factor of 1.5, Nuclei. In February 2020, experiments aimed at which is of paramount importance for long-run- studyingthecompletefusionreactionsof38,40Ar ning experiments on SHN synthesis. beams and 208Pb, 232Th targets were carried out With the new detectors the optimal setting at the SHELS separator. The experimental in- parameters of GFS-2 were defined, as well as −x vestigation of the 40Ar + 208Pb = 248 Fm + xn dispersion of the dipole magnets, the effect of reaction was aimed at measuring the excitation gas pressure on the separator transmission, and function and specifying the properties of the the equilibrium charge of ions, the products of radioactive decay of the 246Fm nucleus. The the 174Yb, 206Pb + 48Са reactions. 38Ar + 232Th reaction was studied under the Experiments were performed for studying assumption that the 266Sg nucleus and an α par- the stability of the separator Ti entrance window ticle were formed in the exit channel. One event and the target at 48Са beam intensities up to was registered during the ten-day irradiation of 5particleμA, which revealed a need for an the 232Th target with 38Ar ions, which can be increase in the target diameter and for switching attributed to spontaneous fission of 262Rf, the to operation with the differential gas pumping 266Sg α-decay daughter nucleus. Taking into system without the Ti window. The system was account the efficiency of registration of such assembled and tested. events, the yield of 266Sg nuclei in the reaction At the end of November 2020, an experiment under investigation was lower by a factor of 10 was launched to thoroughly study the properties to 30 compared to that we had expected. of Mc (Z = 115) isotopes and their production The properties of the radioactive decay cross sections in the complete fusion reaction of the 249,250,251No isotopes observed in the 43 (48 n)286−289 Am Ca, 2–5 Mc. During the three- 48Ca + 204Pb reaction were studied. In our 288 -weekrun,over30decayeventsofthe Mc experiments, we used the integrated detec- 289 and Mc isotopes were observed, which nearly tion system GABRIELA (α, β,andγ spec- doubled the statistics on these isotopes gathered trometry). The experimental data are proces- at the U-400 accelerator complex for the period sed. In studies of the complete fusion reaction from 2003 to 2012. One of the important pre- 48Ca + 204Pb = 252−xNo + xn, the regularities liminary research results was the registration of were determined for the formation of the nuclei the alpha decay of 268Db, which has never been of 249,250,251No. The data on internal conversion observed before and is leading to the discovery coefficients for the 250mNo isomeric state decay of a new isotope of lawrencium — 264Lr. The re- were supplemented. The half-life and α-decay 117 Fig. 2. a)Themeasuredα spectrum of 249No and its daughter products 245Fm and 241Cf. b) Experimental decay times of the found nuclei and the estimation of half-lives energy were determined for 249No synthesized formation of fragments heavier than 200 u was in the 3n-channel for the first time (Fig. 2). ∼ 15% of all formed fragments with energy loss The current status of SHELS and some of over 40 MeV. The experimentally obtained cross the experimental results are presented in [1–4]. sections and their comparison with theoretical calculations provide evidence which suggests Dynamics of Heavy-Ion Interaction, Fis- that multinucleon transfer reactions are efficient sion of Heavy and Superheavy Nuclei. The for producing new neutron-rich superheavy and investigation of the influence of the entrance heavy nuclei, including those located in the channel on the dynamics of fusion–fission, vicinity of the neutron closed shell N = 126, quasi-fission, and deep inelastic transfer conti- and are extremely important for understanding nued. Experiments were carried out with beams the r-process of astrophysical nucleosynthesis. extracted from the U-400 accelerator using Moreover, we studied the characteristics the double-arm time-of-flight CORSET spectro- of mass and energy distributions of binary meter. fragments formed in the 52,54Cr + 248Cm and A detailed analysis of mass and energy dis- 68Zn + 232Th reactions leading to the forma- tributions of binary fragments formed in the 32 232 tion of superheavy composite systems with S + Th reaction leading to the formation of Z = 264 Z = 120 [6, 7]. The contribution of quasi-fission Sg ( 106) at energies near and above the fragments formed in long-lived composite sys- Coulomb barrier was completed [5]. The bulk tems was found to decrease immensely during of fission-like events were found to form during the transition from systems with Z1Z2 ≈ 2300 quasi-fission: the contribution of the fission of (52,54Cr + 248Cm) to those with Z Z > 2500 the 264Sg compound nucleus to the symmetric 1 2 (64Ni + 238U, 68Zn + 232Th). The main reaction mass region amounted to 72, 80, and 88% at the channels were shown to be few-nucleon trans- interaction energies of 165, 181, and 200 MeV, fer reactions and deep inelastic collisions. The respectively. A high-energy component was ob- fusion probability was found to drop by approx- served in the energy distribution of 264Sg fission imately three orders of magnitude in transition- fragmentsatanexcitationenergyof45MeV, ing from the 48Ca + 238Utothe54Cr + 248Cm which can be attributed to the SuperShort fis- reaction and by more than five orders of mag- sion mode in 264Sg. nitude during the transition to the 68Zn + 232Th In addition, we studied the 136Xe + 198Pt reaction at energies above the Coulomb barrier. (Elab = 710 MeV) reaction, one of the most On the basis of the obtained fusion probability promising combinations of collision partners for for the 54Cr + 248Cm reaction, the production producing neutron-rich heavy nuclei in multi- cross section of superheavy element Z = 120 is nucleon transfer reactions in the vicinity of the expected to be about a few femtobarns, whereas neutron closed shell N = 126. The analysis of in the 64Ni + 238Uand68Zn + 232Th reactions angular distributions showed that the maximum this value will be one and two orders of magni- yield of fragments with masses over 200 u was tude lower, respectively. observed at angles close to those for grazing collisions, as in the case of the 136Xe + 208Pb Structure of Exotic Nuclei. In 2020, re- reaction studied earlier. The probability of the search with radioactive high-quality beams con- 118 Fig. 3. Identification of isotopes in adjusting the ACCULINNA-2 separator to the maximum yield of the 26P and 27S isotopes in the reaction of 32S (51.5 MeV/nucleon) on the Be (1 mm) target tinued at the new ACCULINNA-2 fragment Moreover, an experiment aimed at studying separator of the U-400M heavy-ion accelerator the low-lying states of the 9He isotope in the using cutting-edge detection systems [8–10]. 8He (d, p)9He → n + 8He reaction was carried Experiments were performed both with neu- out. To register protons emitted backward in tron-rich (6He, 8He, 9Li, 10Be, etc.) and neu- the laboratory system in coincidence with the tron-deficient (24Al, 25Si, 26P, 27S, etc.) iso- 9He decay products, notably the 8He nucleus topes produced in fragmentation reactions of and a neutron emitted at forward angles, we the beams of 15N (49.7 MeV/nucleon) and 32S used the technique developed earlier [10]. To (51.5 MeV/nucleon) heavy ions, respectively, define the experimental energy resolution of the reacting with a beryllium target. entire detection system and the normalization of An experiment aimed at searching for 7Н the missing mass spectrum of 9He, triple coin- resonance states in the 8He (d, 3He)7H → t + 4n cidences p–6He–n in the 6He (d, p)7He reaction reaction was carried out [9]. The key in- were additionally measured using a radioactive 6 dicator of 7Нeventswerecoincidencesof He beam. The experimental data are being ana- 9 low-energy 3Не particles (E ∼ 9–30 MeV, lyzed. We expect to obtain a spectrum of He E∗ < θ ∼ 8–26◦ in the laboratory system) with tritons low-lying states at 4 MeV with the expe- ΔE ∼ (E ∼ (70 ± 30) MeV) moving at forward angles rimental resolution 250 keV (FWHM). in a narrow cone (θ 6◦). To improve the A joint experiment with the Warsaw Univer- sity group was carried out to study the rare accuracy of measurements of the specific energy decay channels of the neutron-deficient 26Pand losses of reaction products using 20-micron si- 27S nuclei (beta-delayed emission of several pro- licon detectors, the thickness of the detectors tons) using the optical time projection chamber had to be defined with a precision of about μ ΔE E (OTPC). The high identification quality of the 0.2 m [9]. Using the – method, we ma- radioactive beam attained at the ACCULINNA-2 naged to separate hydrogen, helium and lithium separator (Fig. 3) using the time-of-flight mea- 8 + d isotopes originating from He collisions and surement provided high-statistics data needed measure their energies with a detection thre- for obtaining new information on the decay of shold of about 1 MeV/nucleon. We obtained these nuclei via the βp, β2p,andβ3p channels. 3 380 Не–t coincidence events, which were in The experimental data are processed. line with the kinematics of the 8He (d, 3He)7H reaction and could be well separated from back- Reactions with Beams of Light Stable ground events. The experimental data are ana- and Radioactive Nuclei. In 2020, experiments lyzed. New information about the ground and using the new high-resolution magnetic analyzer first excited states of the 7Нsystemisawaited. (MAVR setup) were launched. 119 Experiments aimed at measuring energy out using the 4πγ-ray MULTI spectrometer spectra of alpha particles in a wide energy range comprising 12 CsI(Tl) and nine CeBr3 scintil- were carried out at the U-400 heavy-ion cy- lation detectors that have high γ-ray detection clotron. efficiency in a wide energy range. On the basis The reactions with the 48Са and 56Fe beams of a newly developed method for experimental accelerated to 6 MeV per nucleon and 238U data analysis, we obtained the total cross sec- and 181Ta targets were studied. The differen- tions σR and their distribution over the γ-ray tial cross sections for the emission of alpha multiplicity [11]. particles at 0◦ were measured as a function of their energy (Fig. 4). Fast alpha particles at energies corresponding to the two- and three- body reaction channels, including those with energies close to the two-body kinematic limit, were observed in the recorded spectra. The analysis of the experimental data con- ducted within the model of moving sources revealed several sources of fast alpha parti- cles. The energy spectra of alpha particles were shown to be mainly characterized by the properties of heavy target nuclei and, to a les- ser extent, by the properties of incident beam nuclei. The investigations of the total cross sections for the reactions of the 6He, 8He, and 9Li beams with the 28Si, 59Co, and 181Ta targets were pur- sued. The energy dependence of the total cross Fig. 4. Energy spectra of alpha particles measured at ◦ sections, σR(E), for the reactions was measured 0 in reactions with the 181Ta target using different in the range of 20–40 MeV per nucleon. The projectiles. The arrows show the energies of alpha cross sections for the interaction of 6He, 8He, particles corresponding to the kinematic limit of the and 9Li with 59Co and 181Ta were measured for two-body reaction channels using 48Ca (left arrow) thefirsttime.Themeasurementswerecarried and 22Ne (right arrow) nuclei RADIATION EFFECTS AND PHYSICAL BASES OF NANOTECHNOLOGY, RADIOANALYTICAL AND RADIOISOTOPE INVESTIGATIONS AT FLNR ACCELERATORS 1. The mechanisms of transformation of la- 2. The interrelation between the electrical, tent tracks into a system of through pores of the osmotic, hydraulic, and structural characteris- subnanometer range were thoroughly studied af- tics of an asymmetrically etched ion-track ter the irradiation of PET film with accelerated nanopore was examined. Several consecutive Xe and Bi ions with the energy losses in the phases of pore evolution were identified. The polymer of 11 and 18 keV/nm, respectively. The temporal dependences of two counter fluxes — evolution of the free volume and accumulation the diffusional flux of the etchant and the volu- me flux of stopping media — were measured of carboxyl groups in the irradiated films at and analyzed in terms of their effect on the different stages of treatment were studied us- nanopore configuration. The osmotic reflection ing gravimetry, IR and UV spectroscopy, con- coefficients of highly asymmetric pores were es- ductometry, and electron microscopy methods. timated under etching conditions and in diluted The permeability and selectivity of the resulting electrolyte solutions. The results allow a new membranes were found to depend on several level of understanding of the phenomena under- critical parameters: energy loss of the bombard- lying the development of asymmetric ion-track ing ion, temperature and pH of the solution used nanopores for their applications in sensors and for extraction, and ion fluence [12]. in various fields [13]. 120 3. The effect of high-energy heavy ions in ethylene as a target for dispersion was shown a nonconducting matrix of graphene oxide and to allow the formation on the membrane sur- fluorinated graphene was studied. The formation face of superhydrophobic coatings with a mor- of graphene quantum dots (QDs) was estab- phologically developed structure. The obtained lished. The number density and diameter of compositemembranescanbeusedinmembrane QDs can be governed by a suitable choice of distillation processes for desalination of seawa- irradiation parameters (ion type, fluence, and ter [17]. energy) [14]. 7. A technique for obtaining chitosan nano- 4. The parameters of latent tracks in poly- fiber deposited on the surface of metallized track crystalline and amorphous silicon nitride were membranes was developed at the pilot electro- studied using high-resolution transmission elec- forming facility. Nanofibers were characterized tron microscopy and molecular dynamics simu- using scanning electron microscopy methods. lation. The threshold levels of electronic stop- The performance characteristics, the electro- ping powers for track formation, their sizes and surface and adsorption properties of composite material density profiles in isolated ion-track membranes were investigated [18]. The obtain- regions were determined [15]. ed materials can be used for membrane-sorption 5. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) extraction of heavy metal ions from water, in- studies revealed the patterns of gas porosity de- 137 velopment during annealing in three experimen- cluding Cs. tal ferritic alloys homogeneously ion-doped with 8. The equipment pool was expanded. New helium: the invariance of the specific surface physicochemical methods for studying (spec- area of bubbles during their thermal growth; troscopy of surface-enhanced Raman scattering, the coarsening mechanism of bubbles; and the dynamic light scattering, measurement of ther- dependence of gas pressure on the bubble size mo-stimulated currents in dielectrics) and syn- at constant temperature [16]. thesizing (electrospinning) nanostructures were 6. Techniques were examined for the forma- introduced into practice. tion of coatings on the surface of a poly(ethylene 9. Analytic work on the certification of ura- terephthalate) track-etched membrane using the nium ore within the CGL503 project carried out method of electron-beam deposition of ultra- at the Central Geological Laboratory of Mongo- -high-molecular-weight polyethylene and poly- lia was done with nuclear physics methods used tetrafluoroethylene in vacuum. Polytetrafluoro- at FLNR JINR. CONSTRUCTION OF NEW AND DEVELOPMENT OF EXISTING EXPERIMENTAL SET-UPS Construction of the Separator Based on vacuum volume. The equipping of the system Resonance Laser Ionization (GaLS Setup). with electrical components has begun. The ex- The development of the GaLS setup has con- pected transport time is 487.2 μs and transport tinued. The facility is based on selective laser efficiency is 97.7%. ionization and was designed for the separation of 3. Preparations were made for installing the heavy nuclides produced in multinucleon trans- mass separator components onto U-400M. fer reactions. The following main results were FLUKA simulations for radiation protection in achieved in 2020: the cabin were performed, and the requirements 1. The ionization channel based on three for optimizing the system in order to ensure solid-state tunable Ti–Sa lasers was tested and radiation safety were outlined. A high-voltage optimized. Testing was conducted covering the platform was developed and launched into pro- entire wavelength range using laser wavelength duction. meters in visible and UV regions. 2. The ion guide was developed, designed, Ion Gas Catcher. The assembly of the cryo- constructed and delivered to FLNR. It comprises genic ion catcher, a new setup of the Factory of a segmented S-shaped RFQ in low-vacuum vol- Superheavy Elements, has begun. The “warm” ume, a micro-RFQ at low/high vacuum tran- component of the chamber was installed and sition, and a segmented linear RFQ in high vented to 10−3 mbar. 121 REFERENCES 1. 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To a Question of Temperatu- by Diglycolic Acid Functionalized Electro- re Driven Gas Swelling in Helium Doped spun Polystyrene Nanofiber from Aqueous Ferritic Alloys // J. Nucl. Mater. 2020. Solution // Sep. Purif. Technol. 2020. V. 533. P. 152089; https://doi.org/10.1016/ V. 233. P. 116059; https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jnucmat.2020.152089. j.seppur.2019.116059. 123 In 2020, the scientific program of the Frank tors”, 04-4-1105-2011/2022, headed by A. V. Be- Laboratory of Neutron Physics was aimed at lushkin, A. V. Vinogradov and A. V. Dolgikh); in obtaining new results within the framework of the development of the IBR-2 spectrometers and seven research themes of the JINR Plan for computation complex (“Development of Expe- Scientific Research and International Scientific rimental Facilities for Condensed Matter Inves- and Technical Cooperation: in condensed mat- tigations with Beams of the IBR-2 Facility”, ter physics (“Investigations of Condensed Mat- 04-4-1122-2015/2020, headed by S. A. Kulikov, ter by Modern Neutron Scattering Methods”, V. I. Prikhodko and V. I. Bodnarchuk); in the 04-4-1121-2015/2020, headed by D. P. Kozlenko, development of the design of a new neu- V. L. Aksenov and A. M. Balagurov; “Multi- tron source (“Development of the Concep- modal Platform for Raman and Nonlinear Opti- tual Design of a New Advanced Neutron cal Microscopy and Microspectroscopy for Con- densed Matter Studies”, 04-4-1133-2018/2020, Source at JINR”, 04-4-1140-2020/2022, headed headed by G. M. Arzumanyan and N. Kuˇcerka); by V. N. Shvetsov and S. A. Kulikov); in the in neutron nuclear physics (“Investigations in development of the SOLCRYS structural re- the Field of Nuclear Physics with Neutrons”, search laboratory in Poland (“Development of 03-4-1128-2017/2022, headed by E. V. Lycha- the SOLCRYS Structural Research Laboratory gin); in the development of the FLNP basic at the SOLARIS National Synchrotron Radia- facilities (“Development of the IBR-2 Facility tion Centre”, 04-4-1141-2020/2022, headed by with a Complex of Cryogenic Neutron Modera- N. Kuˇcerka). CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS In 2020, the IBR-2 reactor operated for phy- and magnetic structure of quasi-2D van der sical experiments within the FLNP User Pro- Waals antiferromagnet FePS3 was studied in gram for 92 days. From November to the a wide temperature range [1]. The geometry end of the year, the program was implemented of the magnetic lattice of these compounds is completely without direct participation of users. similar to that of graphene, and recently, in Eighty-six applications for experiments were re- layered nanostructures of such compounds, the ceived: 23% of them were aimed at solving emergence of magnetic ordering has been re- problems of materials science, 31% were devoted vealed at sufficiently high temperatures within to physical problems, and the remaining 46% a single atomic layer. A wide variety of new covered research in the field of chemistry, geo- physical phenomena, including insulator–metal logical sciences, biology and applied problems. transitions, spin-crossover, and superconducti- Eighty submitted applications were accepted for vity, have also been discovered in these com- realization. pounds with changes in thermodynamic param- Structure Investigations of Novel Oxide, eters (temperature and pressure). Our study re- Intermetallic and Nanostructured Materials. vealed an isostructural phase transition to a new The effect of high pressures on the atomic monoclinic modification at P = 1 GPa, accompa- 124 Fig. 1. Depth profile of the distribution of nanoparticles from a dielectric magnetic fluid on the planar surface of a copper electrode exposed to an external electric field (perpendicular to the surface) using neutron reflectometry data nied by a significant change in the lattice pa- latter are used as thermalizing additives in high- rameters and a change in the nature of the voltage transformers. A magnetic fluid based AFM ordering from quasi-2D (propagation vec- on transformer oil with magnetite nanoparticles tor k =(011/2)) to three-dimensional charac- coated with a single layer of surfactant (oleic ter (k =(010)). acid) was studied. The magnetic fluid was in Structural studies of Fe–Ga magnetostric- contact with a copper thin-film electrode de- tive alloys with a relatively low gallium con- posited on monocrystalline silicon. Using ne- tent (17.5–19.5at.%Ga) were continued using utron reflectometry (GRAINS reflectometer), neutron, electron and X-ray diffraction. It was the formation of several layers of magnetic shown that in disagreement with the exist- nanoparticles was revealed on the electrode sur- ing phase diagrams, the long-term isother- face (Fig. 1). With increasing field strength, mally annealed (at 450–500◦C) Fe–17.5%Ga the near-surface structure undergoes nontrivial alloy has a two-phase structure with two changes in the density depth profile, which is co-existing ferromagnetic phases: bcc A2(or in qualitative agreement with the previously de- its ordered modification D03)asamatrix tected inhomogeneities developing in the bulk of and fcc A1 (or its ordered modification L12) dielectric magnetic fluids exposed to an external with needle-shaped precipitates. For 17.5 and electric field. 19.5%Ga alloys, time-temperature-transforma- Investigation of Carbon Nanomaterials. tion (TTT) diagrams were developed [2], which The anti-amyloid disassembly activity of were used to determine the critical cooling C60 and C70 fullerenes dispersed in 1-me- rates with respect to the transformation between thyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) was demonstrated metastable and equilibrium phases. (Fig.2)[4].Thestudywascarriedoutwith Investigation of Magnetic Fluids and Na- model aqueous solutions of amyloid fibrils noparticles. Studies of the effect of an exter- preformed from lysozyme and insulin using nal electric field on the adsorption of magnetic a combination of different experimental tech- nanoparticles at planar interfaces from dielec- niques. Thioflavin T fluorescence assay and tric magnetic fluids were continued [3]. The atomic force microscopy were applied for moni- 125 Fig. 2. Destruction of amyloid fibrils upon interaction with fullerenes complexed with NMP. SANS data (YuMO, IBR-2) and AFM images are given toring the disaggregation activity of fullerenes. by open pores, the electrodes were wetted with Both types of fullerene-based complexes were a deuterated electrolyte, which made it possible shown to be very effective in disassembling to compensate for scattering by open pores. It preformed fibrils and are characterized by a was found that the used additives change the low deaggregation concentration (DC50) in the porosity of the electrodes to different degrees range of ∼ 22–30 μg/ml. Small-angle neutron and affect the wettability of the material both scattering was employed to monitor different due to the different efficiency of the embedding stages of the fibril disassembly process, includ- of CNTs into the pores and due to changes ing determining the size and morphology of the in the LFP matrix. Thus, the CNT network aggregates. Based on the obtained results, a embedded in the electrode layer provides its possible disassembly mechanism for amyloid fib- greater wettability by an electrolyte compared rils interacting with fullerene/NMP complexes with widely used carbon black. This results was proposed. The study is an important step in in better electrode C-rate performance. The understanding the mechanism of destruction of structural analysis made it possible to improve protein amyloids by fullerenes in living organ- and optimize the manufacturing technology of isms; it also provides valuable information on large-area LFP-based electrodes. It was demon- how macromolecules can be engineered to dis- stratedthattheuseofCNTsasconductive assemble unwanted amyloid aggregates through additives opens up prospects for the production different mechanisms. of electrodes with an area capacity of more 2 Investigation of Layered Nanostructures than 5 mAh/cm . The practical applicability of and Electrochemical Interfaces. On the the considered electrode technology was proven YUMO instrument, using small-angle neutron on a pouch cell prototype with specific energy − − scattering, the study of the effect of conduc- density of 150 Wh · kg 1/295 Wh · l 1. tive carbon additives (soot, graphene, and car- On the REMUR reflectometer, studies were bon nanotubes (CNTs)) on the porous struc- conducted to detect a new electromagnetic ture of positive electrodes based on lithium proximity effect induced by current j re- M rot rot A ≈ π iron phosphate (LiFePO4, or lithium ferrophos- lated to magnetization ( 4 phate (LFP)) was continued (Fig. 3) [5]. To se- (j = c × rot M)/c), which should exist for any parate scattering by closed pores from scattering type of ferromagnetics. The region of the chan- 126 Fig. 3. Structural studies of cathode LFP-based materials with carbon additives using electron microscopy and SANS (YuMO, IBR-2), and the use of advanced materials in the production of prototypes of lithium-ion batteries ge in magnetization in a superconductor in which the change in magnetization should be of this case is much greater as compared to a different sign. the usual direct proximity effect in ferromag- Investigations of Biological Nanosystems, netics of transition elements with conduction Lipid Membranes and Lipid Complexes. electrons and is on the order of the pen- Biomembranes are one of the key objects of etration depth of the magnetic field in the numerous studies in biology and biophysics, superconductor. We studied the structure which are of great importance for medicine. Nb(15 nm)/V(70 nm)/Gd(3 nm)/Nb(100 nm)/ In particular, unusual properties are exhibited Al2O3 where ferromagnetic gadolinium and nio- by thin quasi two-dimensional liquid crystalline bium and vanadium superconductors were used. membranes with bending rigidity of several kBT. The results of preliminary data treatment show The first-order chain-melting phase transition that the magnetization induced in superconduct- of lipid membranes is observed to be accom- inglayersis2–5%ofitsvalueintheferromag- panied by a pseudocritical behavior of mem- netic layer. The size of the induced region is brane physical-chemical properties. However, the investigation of the nature of the anomalous of nanometric dimensions and is on the order of swelling of a stack of lipid membranes in the 20 nm. The obtained values of these parameters vicinity of the transition by different groups suggest that the electromagnetic proximity ef- led to conflicting conclusions about the level of fect actually takes place. Further efforts will be critical density fluctuations and their impact on focused on detailed analysis of experimental data the membrane softening, as well as the con- as well as measurements with structures with tribution of Helfrich’s undulations. To study various thicknesses of the gadolinium layer, for the effect of anomalous membrane swelling, stu- 127 dies were carried out using small-angle neutron previous studies in this area to the general case scattering (SANS) and neutron spin-echo (NSE) of the cluster–cluster aggregation and, in con- techniques [6]. Our SANS data showed the trast to the previous kinetic models, makes it abnormal behavior of the repeat distance be- possible to generate clusters with a continuous tween the membrane lipid bilayers (DMPC in change in the structure, in particular, covering D2O) in the vicinity of the main phase transition the full range of natural mass fractal dimensions due to the increase in the intermembrane dis- between one and three. An example of the tance. The NSE experiments with unilamellar morphological study of numerically generated lipids demonstrated that the bending rigidity of clusters based on the correlation analysis in both lipid membranes decreases in the region of the direct and reciprocal spaces is given. In the anomalous membrane swelling. The presence lattercase,itisdemonstratedthattheuseof of significant critical fluctuations in the vicin- the developed fast algorithm gives an accurate ity of the transition, which induce membrane and self-consistent description of the small-angle softening, was revealed. However, contrary to scattering data. The polydispersity of primary the existing paradigm, the obtained results show particles was shown to be a key aspect for that an increase in the undulation forces cannot widening the fractal dimension range covered explain the anomalous swelling of the membrane in the modeling. The particular cases were stack. We suggested that the observed effect considered to show that the previous algorithms is determined by the dominant enhancement of dealing with monodisperse primary particles are the short-range entropic repulsion. According special cases of the presented approach. Thus, to the theory, an increase in the amplitude of the developed hierarchical procedure allows one the out-of-plane fluctuations of lipid molecules to obtain full self-similarity over an arbitrary leadstoanincreaseinthedecaylengthof wide-size scale. The particle size/structure poly- the short-range forces and therefore membrane dispersity is a common case in practical applica- swelling. tions, so the introduction of particle polydisper- The mechanism of formation of lipid domains sity into modeling of fractal clusters extends the (rafts) in lipid membranes containing cholesterol possibilities for studying correlations in natural was studied [7]. The formation of these domains fractal systems and modeling physical properties in the membrane is an important mechanism of different nanomaterials. for regulating cell life processes. To study the collective dynamics of lipid molecules, high Atomic and Molecular Dynamics. The Q-resolution inelastic X-ray scattering was used. physicochemical properties and vibrational dy- Theobtaineddispersioncurvesofmulticom- namics of methylhexanol isomers were studi- ponent membranes, in addition to the known ed by experimental and theoretical methods in acoustic phonon modes, also contain a new op- a wide temperature range using infrared ab- tical phonon mode associated with the existence sorption spectroscopy and inelastic incoherent of stable lipid pairs consisting of two different neutron scattering. The inelastic scattering types of lipid molecules. The observed gap of spectra of three alcohols with a single phenyl the optical phonon mode suggests a finite size ring were obtained using the NERA inver- of the region of existence of optical phonons. ted-geometry spectrometer at the IBR-2 reac- These regions are stable on the picosecond time tor (FLNP, JINR). The measurements covered scale, since their size does not depend on the a wide temperature range (5–260 K) in seve- component composition of the membrane. This ral cooling/heating cycles. The existence of means that any lipid raft consists of a set of a crystalline state for these systems was not identical lipid domains, the number of which is detected. The vibrational motions of proton determined by the thermodynamic parameters of groups measured at liquid-helium temperature the membrane. This result is unique because it are consistent with the results obtained from the provides insight into the collective dynamics of DFT-based simulation. Data analysis showed G(v) lipid molecules on nanometer space and picosec- that no significant differences in the spec- ond time scales simultaneously. trum were found for 3methylhexan-1-ol and 3methylhexan-2-ol. Differences can be observed Research of Polymeric Materials. Agene- only for 3methylhexan-3-ol. Torsional motions ralized nonkinetic off-lattice algorithm to con- of the functional groups are observed in the struct stochastic fractal clusters of polydisperse G(v) spectra in the region of lattice vibrations particles with tunable cluster parameters includ- due to the low-energy barrier. Thus, it was ing dimension was developed [8]. The model shown that the motion of the proton, described based on a hierarchical procedure extends the by the positions of vibrational bands, is prac- 128 tically independent of the group of neighboring X-coordinate using a small scattering volume atoms. of 2 × 2 × 10 mm, which was defined by ra- Applied Research. Welding is one of the dial collimators. The measured high-resolution key technologies used in most major industries. diffraction spectra were processed applying full- The quality and integrity of welded joints are profile analysis based on the Rietveld method. critical from the point of view of safety for a The obtained experimental data of lattice para- wide range of products and structures, includ- meters and diffraction peak width coefficients as d ing the automobile industry. In the framework a factor of interplanar spacing hkl were used of cooperation with the National R&D Insti- to determine the components of the tensors of tute for Welding and Material Testing — ISIM residual stresses and strains, as well as micro- (Timisoara, Romania), it is planned to develop strains in the specimens under study in the a computer system that, using the available weld area. database, makes it possible to plan the welding The level of residual stresses in the studied process and choose the most suitable combina- specimens is quite moderate and reaches the tion of welding materials, welding technologies maximum values in amplitude (in the range and welding parameters for obtaining a welded from 100 to 300 MPa) in the weld area and structure with desired properties. The aim of surrounding heat-affected zone (HAZ). It should the joint research is to create a database of be noted that the profile of the residual stress residual stresses in welded joints based on the distribution along the X-direction is quite differ- results of neutron diffraction and to determine ent for specimens with different heat treatments. the correlation between the parameters of weld- Additionally, from the broadening of the diffrac- ing processes and the state of residual stresses tion peaks in comparison with the resolution in the resulting welded joints. Careful selection function of the instrument, we obtained informa- of welding parameters and optimization of heat tion on the distribution of residual microstrains input allows one to obtain the mechanical char- in the material. The amplitudes of microstrains acteristics of the joints that are suitable for a are approximately equal in magnitude for all − particular application. specimensandreachavalueof1.13 · 10 3, In order to study the effect of different while the position of the maximum in the dis- welding modes on the distribution of residual tribution of microstrains coincides with the po- stresses and microstrains in welds, a series of sition of the center of the weld. In the future, 20 specimens with a thickness of 2 mm made it is planned to compare the obtained neutron of alloyed fine-grained steel S460MC, which has data with the results of classical nondestructive a wide range of structural applications, was stu- and destructive tests (tensile tests, hardness died using the FSD diffractometer. GMAW (Gas measurements, visual tests, penetrating liquid Metal Arc Welding) butt welds in the specimens tests, etc.) to establish mathematical (statisti- were according to EN 10149-2 standard. In the cal) dependences between the applied welding experiments, scanning across the welds of the parameters and the state of internal stresses in specimens was performed over a wide range of welded joints. MULTIMODAL PLATFORM FOR RAMAN AND NONLINEAR OPTICAL MICROSCOPY AND MICROSPECTROSCOPY FOR CONDENSED MATTER STUDIES The main goal of the theme is aimed at the Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (SECARS) is development of the modern methods for highly currently poorly studied. sensitive detection (single units of molecules) The other important part of the theme is the and chemically selective, contrast visualiza- study of photo- and upconversion luminescen- tion of organic molecules. The method is ce based on promising core-shell nanostruc- based on Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scat- tures. In recent years, core-shell nanoparti- tering (CARS) spectroscopy of molecules ad- cles are at the leading edge of hot research sorbed on plasmonic nanostructured substrates. topics and offer a wide range of applications This method provides Surface-Enhanced Raman in biomedicine, optics, environmental science, Scattering (SERS) employing ultrashort (picose- materials, and so forth, due to their excellent cond)pulsesofIRlaserradiation.Thispheno- properties such as versatility, tunability and sta- menon, known as Surface-Enhanced Coherent bility. The core-shell nanomaterials containing 129 noble metals are plasmonic nanomaterials. They Measurement and Detection of Extremely can be employed for contrast imaging, biomedi- Low Concentrations of Organic Molecules cal applications, etc. with the Use of SERS — Setting up a Method for Microspectroscopy of Single Molecules. Systematic/Regular Experiments on In 2020, we pursued a goal to achieve a reli- SECARS Spectroscopy: Laser Intensity Li- able single-molecule imaging through utilizing mits in Surface-Enhanced Linear and Non- solid SERS-active substrates based on volumet- linear Raman Microspectroscopy. The work ric silver dendrites enriched with a great number was aimed at studying the possibilities of de- of hot spots. The growth of the 3D densely tecting reproducible SERS and SECARS signals packed layer of the silver dendrites was fa- from TNB molecules at the Au NPs/CeO2 cilitated by using a template of macroporous SERS-active surface without destruction of the silicon (macro-PS). DTNB acid was selected surface itself or the conjugates. This will be as an analyte for the detection since it is an in the base of systematic experiments and important reagent in chemical and biomedical measurement on SECARS. Optical damage analysis including but not limited to bacteria thresholds are evaluated for different excitation detection and quantification of protease activity. wavelengths at laser intensity levels acceptable TheuniquefeatureoftheDTNBmoleculeis for Raman diagnostics of reporter molecules, its breaking up to two TNB ions in presence both in continuous wave (CW) and high repe- of atoms of transition metals. These ions are tition rate picosecond-pulse modes of laser known to be adsorbed on the metallic sur- operation. The data provided by linear and face as a monomolecular TNB layer. There- nonlinear modalities of Raman spectroscopy are fore, an informative SERS-spectrum (containing compared in our systematic studies. three main characteristic bands at approximately 1076, 1335, and 1556 cm−1)obtainedfromthe SECARS Excited by 85 MHz Repetition area overlapped with a submicron diameter laser Rate 6-ps Laser Pulses. The intensity lim- spot carries a signature of the TNB products its for CW or quasi-CW ps-pulse laser beams, at the amount attributed to the single-molecule employed in SERS or SECARS detection of concentration. Au-NP-bound TNB reporter molecules, were SERS-Measurements. In 2020, for the first experimentally evaluated. For 85-MHz repeti- time, we experimentally demonstrated that the tion rate sequence of 6-ps laser pulses in the analyte molecules tend to coalescence into the range of 785–1064 nm, the average thresh- DTNB nanoclusters rather than to form the sin- old intensity was evaluated to be less than gle-molecule layer of TNB on the surface of the 0.5 mW/μm2, which corresponds to a peak in- SERS-active substrates at concentrations over tensity of 1000 mW/μm2. The results of the ex- 10−12 M. The DTNB nanoclusters were formed periments demonstrate that extreme care should from the 10−6–10−12 M solutions, while further be taken about the laser power employed while decrease in the analyte molecules down to the using SERS-active structures for analytical pur- attomolar concentration was favorable for the poses in linear or nonlinear Raman experiments. adsorption of the TNB molecules’ single layer. These studies formed the basis and allowed in SERS imaging of the single TNB molecule was the future to carry out regular SECARS mea- demonstrated with the SERS-active silver den- surements. drites kept in the attomolar DTNB solution. NEUTRON NUCLEAR PHYSICS Investigations of the Fission Process. In The experimental data on the ROT effect in the the framework of the FLNP JINR – ITEP – fission of 235U nuclei induced by “hot” polarized PNPI – FRM II collaboration, a series of ex- neutrons with an energy of 0.06 eV were pro- periments were continued to study T-odd effects cessed. From the angular dependence of the T-odd asymmetry of prompt γ rays (Fig. 4), in the emission of prompt γ rays and neutrons 235 233 the value of the rotation angle of the com- in the binary fission of Uand Unuclei pound nucleus 236U∗ was obtained, which was induced by polarized neutrons. The experiments δ = 0.09(2)◦. The rotation angle has the same are carried out using the POLI instrument at sign as the axis rotation angle for ternary fis- the FRM II reactor (Garching, Germany) [9]. sion. 130 Fig. 4. Experimental angular dependence of the co- Fig. 5. New data on the cross section of the efficient of T-odd asymmetry for prompt γ rays in 61Ni (n, α)58Fe reaction in comparison with the exis- the binary fission of 236U∗ ting estimates Research Reactions with Fast Neutrons. lished experimental studies. An illustration for Experimental and theoretical investigations of 24Mg is shown in Fig. 6. The results of the the (neutron-charged particle) reactions induced measurements for 12C, 24Mg and 52Cr were also by fast neutrons were carried out. The exper- compared with the model calculations performed iments were conducted at the Van de Graaff using the TALYS 1.9 code in order to estimate accelerators EG-5 of FLNP JINR and EG-4.5 the dynamics of the discrepancy between the of the Institute of Heavy Ion Physics of Peking calculation and the experiment and check the ap- University. Data on neutron reactions with the plicability of the program for data interpretation. emission of charged particles induced by fast Due to the fact that TALYS 1.9 is a universal neutrons are of much interest for studying the program that includes a number of theoretical mechanisms of nuclear reactions and atomic nu- models (optical model, DWBA, coupled channel clear structure as well as in choosing construc- model, level density models), the use of this pro- tion materials and in performing calculations in gram (after planned code modifications) looks the development of new facilities for nuclear promising for future calculations of the values power engineering. The cross-section measure- measured in our experiments. ments for 14N(n, α)11B, 35Cl(n, α)32Preactions were performed in the neutron energy range Ultracold Neutrons. At the Institut Laue of 3–5.5 MeV, and for 58,60,61Ni(n, α)55,57,58Fe Langevin (France), an experiment was carried theywerecarriedoutintheneutronenergy out to search for the heating of ultracold neu- range of 4.50–5.50 MeV. An upgraded ionization trons (UCNs) by surface acoustic waves excited chamber served as a detector. Data on the on the surface of a lithium niobate single crystal 61Ni(n, α)58Fe reaction in the MeV energy range (LiNbO3). The frequency of the excited wave was 35 MHz, and the neutron energy transfer were obtained for the first time (Fig. 5) [10]. in the inelastic scattering by SAW was about 140 neV. The change in the energy occurred Activities within the TANGRA Project. mainly due to a change in the velocity compo- A study of the reaction induced by the inelas- nent normal to the crystal surface. Neutrons tic scattering of 14.1-MeV neutrons on carbon, were detected by the detector positioned above magnesium and chromium nuclei was carried the sample. The entrance window of the de- outusingthetagged-neutronmethodatthe tector was covered with copper foil; therefore, TANGRA facility based on the ING-27 neutron the detector was sensitive only to neutrons with generator. The energies of visible γ transitions energies exceeding the cut-off energy of copper, occurring in various reactions of neutron inter- E>170 neV. At an average detector count rate action with C, Mg, and Cr nuclei and their of about 25 cps, the difference in the count rate partial cross sections were determined [11, 12]. of the detector upon excitation of a SAW in The results obtained by measuring the angular the sample and in the absence of the wave was distribution of γ rays for 52Cr and 24Mg were (0.139 ± 0.022) cps. Thus, the effect of UCN compared with respective results of other pub- heating by SAW was reliably detected. 131 24 24 Fig. 6. Angular distributions of gamma rays for the transitions in the Mg (n, n γ) Mg reaction at Eγ = = 1368.6(a), 3866.1 (b), 4237.9 (c), 2754.0 (d) and 4642.2 keV (e), as well as gamma rays at Eγ = 350.5keV from the 24Mg (n, α)21Ne reaction (f). In plot a rectangles and triangles are data from other studies. The solid line corresponds to the approximation of the data by Legendre polynomials Analytical Investigations at the IBR-2 mains of medieval Russian nobility and ancient Reactor and the IREN Facility. In 2020, people, masonry mortars, medieval wall paint- a multielement instrumental neutron activation ings, metals, alloys, etc.) [13, 14]. The samples analysis of about 2000 samples was carried were irradiated at the IBR-2 reactor and the out at the REGATA facility in the framework IREN facility. of programs and grants of the JINR Member The development and application of the neu- States and Protocols on scientific and technical tron resonance analysis technique to determine cooperation with the JINR Non-Member States. the elemental composition of samples were con- The objects of investigation included: vegeta- tinued. Being absolutely nondestructive, the tion, soil, air filters, technological and biological methodisbasedonthedetectionofneutron samples, as well as samples of extraterrestrial resonances during radiation capture and mea- origin. A number of studies were performed within the collaborations with other JINR Labo- surement of the yield of reaction products in ratories. The elemental analysis of ∼ 1500 sam- these resonances. In 2020, an ancient Greek ples was performed using a Thermo Scientific vessel for wine (VI–IV centuries BC) from the iCE 3500 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. antique burial ground Volna 1 on the Taman Neutron and related analytical methods Peninsula, a medallion of the Old Russian time (X-ray fluorescence analysis, Fourier transform (XII–first half of the XIII centuries) were found infrared spectrometry) were used for mass anal- during excavations near the Tver Kremlin [15], ysis of the elemental and molecular composition and a number of methodological measurements of various archaeological samples (ceramics, re- were carried out at the IREN facility. FLNP BASIC FACILITIES IBR-2 Pulsed Reactor. In 2020, the IBR-2 Using the VITESS software package for research nuclear facility was operated in a nomi- Monte Carlo simulations, the influence of the nal mode under Rostekhnadzor license valid un- delayed neutron background on data of reflec- til 30.09.2022. Statistical data on the IBR-2 tometry experiments at the IBR-2 pulsed reac- operation are presented in the table. tor was evaluated. The model was based on the 132 No. Period Moderator type Reactor operation cycle for physics experiments, h 1 16.01–29.01 Water 312 2 10.02–19.02 Water 207 3 18.03–30.03 Water 267 4 13.04–24.04 — Cancelled 5 14.05–25.05 — Cancelled 6 09.09–23.09 Water 337 7 01.10–12.10 Water 242 8 19.10–31.10 Water 289 9 10.11–22.11 Cryogenic 257 10 07.12–22.12 Water 312 Total: 2223 time dependence of the fast neutron flux from at a certain point in time corresponds to the the reactor core measured in [16]. In the mea- intensity of fast neutrons at the same point in sured dependence, the main power pulse of the time. On the neutron beam formed in this way, reactor decreases not to zero, but to a certain a model reflectometer was created, including a quasi-constant level due to the emission of de- background chopper, similar to those used on layed neutrons, which, on average over time, other IBR-2 instruments. Figure 7 shows a account for about 8% of the reactor energy model of the source with two moderators and release. The dependence given in this work experimentally measured time dependences of wasusedinthemodelofthesourcewithone the fast neutron flux. difference, which was that the main power pulse IREN Facility. Despite the difficult epi- μ with a width of about 320 s was generated demiological situation and the associated quar- by one virtual moderator, and the remaining antine restrictions in the work of both installa- part (background) was generated by another — tions and entire teams, in 2020, the IREN facil- a background moderator. Operating simultane- ity operated for a total of 1160 h, with 1010 h ously, both moderators generated in the model for experiments. After a fairly long “training” of exactly the same neutron flux that the IBR-2 the accelerating and radiofrequency systems of reactor core generates during its pulse repetition the LUE-200 accelerator, which started in De- period of 200 ms. Thus, by switching the back- cember 2019, an increase in the average electron ground moderator on and off, it is possible to energy by a factor of almost 1.5 was achieved reveal the influence of background neutrons on at a pulsed current of 2 A. At low values of measurement results. In the simulation, it was the pulse current, the energy of some electrons assumed that the intensity of thermal neutrons exceeds 100 MeV [17]. Fig. 7. a)Modelofthesourcewithtwomoderatorsusedinthesimulation.Onemoderator(red)formsonly the main power pulse of the reactor, the other (gray) — only the background component. b) Experimentally measured time dependence of the fast neutron flux from the IBR-2 reactor core. Between the main power pulses of the reactor is a quasi-permanent background level, which accounts for approximately 8% of the time-averaged energy release of the IBR-2 reactor 133 THE PROJECT OF NEW NEUTRON SOURCE In 2019, JINR proposed to build a new are expected by the end of 2022 at the prelimi- advanced neutron source DNS-IV (Dubna Neu- nary design stage of the project. tron Source of the IV generation) on its site. In 2020, in the framework of theme In combination with state-of-the-art moderators, 04-4-1140-2020/2022, work continued on the neutron guides and neutron scattering instru- design of a pulsed reactor with neptunium-based ments, DNS-IV promises to become one of the fuel. Under the contracts concluded with the best neutron sources in the world and will open N. A. Dollezhal Research and Development Insti- up unprecedented possibilities for research in tute for Power Engineering (NIKIET) and the condensed matter physics, fundamental physics, Bochvar High-Tech Research Institute of Inor- chemistry, novel materials and life sciences to ganic Materials (VNIINM), two configurations scientists from the JINR Member States and ofthenewreactorcoreweredeveloped,and around the world. technical specification for the production of fuel TheDNS-IVwillproduceshorterneutron elements of the new source was prepared. FLNP pulses while providing the same flux density specialists carried out a number of detailed cal- as the European Spallation Source (ESS, to be operational in 2024). It will indeed be no worse culations in support of the idea of changing the than ESS for low-resolution experiments and fuel composition of the peripheral fuel elements significantly outperform it for high-resolution of the reactor in order to radically improve the experiments. parameters of the reactor from the point of view From the various concepts studied, a pulsed of reliability and safety. The results of these neutron reactor IBR-3 with 237Np core was cho- studiesformedthebasisforthedesignchanges sen for the DNS-IV project. Therefore, the made by NIKIET specialists. The Laboratory pulsed neutron reactor IBR-3 with NpN fuel has completed the work on the formation of has currently become a working project with a structural unit that will be engaged in the the planned start of the DNS-IV operation in development of the project and the creation of 2036–2037. The approximate cost estimate for the new neutron source; the necessary personnel today is about 440 Me. More accurate figures changes will be carried out in 2021. THE SOLCRYS STRUCTURAL RESEARCH LABORATORY AT THE SOLARIS NATIONAL SYNCHROTRON RADIATION CENTRE The SOLCRYS project for constructing a Another important component of the project JINR–SOLARIS laboratory for condensed mat- is the enlargement of the experimental hall ter research utilizing synchrotron radiation at to accommodate the laboratory. Its technical the Polish National Synchrotron Centre has been project has been prepared recently, and it will started within the framework of the bilateral enter the tender stage soon. Within the con- agreement. The planning phase of this project ceptual design of the experimental beamlines, is progressing into the contracting phase now. it is planned to construct a small-angle X-ray The construction of a superconducting wiggler, scattering end-station operating in the high-in- as one of the project major parts, has been tensity and low-resolution mode and a molecu- contracted mid-year 2020 and is currently un- lar crystallography end-station operating in the derway. high-resolution mode. EVENTS On June 23, at the Frank Laboratory of The international conference “Condensed Neutron Physics, a memorial seminar “60 Years Matter Research at the IBR-2 Reactor” was held of the Launch of the IBR Reactor” was held. from 12 to 16 October 2020. The video confe- The seminar was held in the Conference Hall of rence brought together more than 200 scientists the Laboratory and also in the format of a video from 27 countries from almost all continents, conference. from Australia to South America. 134 The Conference of Young Scientists and Spe- Association of Young Scientists and Specialists cialists of the Frank Laboratory of Neutron of JINR, as well as those applied for Frank Physics was held in an online format from scholarship, Shapiro scholarship, and grants November 30 to December 2, 2020. The partici- from the AYSS JINR. pants presented reports on the grants from the REFERENCES 1. Coak M. J., Jarvis D. M., Hamidov H., Wil- 9. Berikov D., Hutanu V., Kopatch Yu., Ah- des A.R., Paddison J.A.M., Liu C., Hai- madov G., Gagarski A., Novitsky V., Dani- nes C. R. S., Dang N. T., Kichanov S. E., lyan G., Masalovich S., Klenke J., Deng H. Savenko B. 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P. 187–191. 136 In 2020, the studies on two themes of first The LIT activity is aimed at developing the priority “Information and Computing Infrastruc- JINR network, information and computing in- ture of JINR” and “Methods, Algorithms and frastructure, mathematical support and software Software for Modeling Physical Systems, Ma- for research and production activities underway thematical Processing and Analysis of Experi- at the Institute and its Member States on the mental Data” were carried out by the Laboratory basis of the JINR Multifunctional Information of Information Technologies (LIT) within the and Computing Complex (MICC). direction “Networks, Computing, Computational In 2020, the staff of the Laboratory of Infor- Physics”. The LIT staff participated in research mation Technologies published over 170 scien- on 26 themes of the JINR Topical Plan as part tific papers and presented more than 120 reports of cooperation with the other JINR Laboratories. at Russian and international conferences. INFORMATION AND COMPUTING INFRASTRUCTURE OF JINR One of the major directions of the LIT acti- JINR Telecommunication Channels. In vity in 2020 was the development of the JINR 2020, the reliable functioning of the follow- MICC [1] and provision of the reliable function- ing JINR telecommunication channels was en- ing of the JINR network infrastructure, which sured: the Moscow–JINR redundant chan- × during the pandemic was subject to additional nel with a bandwidth of 3 100 Gbit/s; the JINR–CERN direct channel with a bandwidth demands to accommodate remote work of all of 100 Gbit/s and its 100 Gbit/s backup the JINR employees. The MICC development channel, which passes through MMTS-9 in encompassed the continuation of extensive mod- Moscow and Amsterdam, ensuring the oper- ernization of the MICC cooling and power sup- ation of the LHCOPN network for the con- ply systems, which started in 2019, moderniza- nection between Tier-0 (CERN) and Tier-1 tion and development of the MICC computing (JINR) and of the LHCONE external su- resources and data storage systems, develop- perimposed network designed for the JINR ment of the IT infrastructure of the NICA mega- Tier-2 center; direct channels up to 100 Gbit/s science project, expansion of the performance for communication with the collaboration of RUHEP research centers and the Runnet and of the grid components, i.e., Tier-1 and Tier-2, ReTN networks using the RU-VRF techno- extension of the cloud component and creation logy [2]. of an integrated cloud environment for JINR The distribution of the incoming and outgo- experiments, enlargement of the HybriLIT het- ing traffics by the JINR subdivisions in 2020 erogeneous computing platform, including the (exceeding 25 TB by the incoming traffic) is “Govorun” supercomputer. shown in the table. 137 Incoming, Outgoing, The cluster consists of six compute nodes Subdivision TB TB and two data storage systems. The data storage DLNP 425.84 271.81 systems operate under the management of the VBLHEP 208.03 130.76 ZFS file system. The cluster functions in a FLNP 97.70 130.15 24 × 365 mode. The architectural solution en- LIT 93.26 87.99 ables nonstop work during updates of both soft- Hotel and Restaurant ware and hardware components of the network Complex 87.04 27.71 cluster. Dubna State University 86.97 51.16 The functionality of the system for network FLNR 81.98 70.52 traffic analysis was expanded with the help of new written scripts that can identify infected Remote access node 63.91 10.89 and hacked user computers. The support of the JINR Directorate 56.09 90.55 Wi-Fi eduroam network at LIT, the “Dubna” University Centre 31.40 10.59 hotel, the House of International Meetings, the BLTP 24.39 27.85 House of Scientists, and the UC hostel is pro- vided. The status of 560 hosts, of more than The overall incoming traffic of JINR, includ- 150 services and conditions is monitored in the ing the general-purpose servers, Tier-1, Tier-2, network monitoring system. Several types of the computing complex, the “Govorun” super- notifications, namely, e-mail messages and SMS computer and cloud computing, amounted to alerts, are used. 29.91 PB in 2020, while the overall outgoing JINR LAN comprises 8895 network ele- traffic reached 36.94 PB. The traffic with the ments and 16 884 IP-addresses, 7388 network scientific and educational networks, accounting users, 3192 users of mail.jinr.ru, 1419 users of for 97% of the total, is overwhelming. electronic libraries, and 445 users of the remote JINR Local Area Network (LAN). In access service. 2020, the fault-tolerant operation of the back- MICC Engineering Infrastructure. In bone of the Institute’s local area network with a 2020, the work on the replacement and improve- bandwidth of 2 × 100 Gbit/s and the distributed ment of the MICC engineering infrastructure, computing cluster network between the DLNP designed to ensure a reliable, uninterrupted and and VBLHEP sites with a capacity of 400 Gbit/s fault-tolerant operation of information and com- was ensured. To increase the reliability of the puting systems and data storage resources, was optical backbone network, double redundancy in progress. The system of central uninter- was provided. ruptible and redundant power supply based on The work on the development and im- accumulator sources and diesel-generator units provement of the network components of the was put into operation for the MICC hall. The JINR IT infrastructure was in progress. The climate control system, involving a complex of EOS distributed storage network and the net- interconnected equipment with different air and work “Cloud Computing” were connected to the liquid cooling schemes, which creates a tem- RU-VRF/LHCONE external network. The com- perature regime for the MICC functioning in a missioning of the fourth module in the MICC 24 × 365 mode, was partially modernized. hall and its equipping with computing resources were performed together with setting up and JINR Grid Environment. The JINR grid connecting central and rack switches. infrastructure is represented by the Tier-1 center Several systems (Cisco Meeting Server, Big- for the CMS experiment at the LHC and the BlueButton, Videomost, Zoom, etc.) were tested Tier-2 center for processing data from the ex- for video conferencing. For mass use, the Cisco periments ALICE, ATLAS, CMS, LHCb, BES, Webex system was chosen, and 816 meetings BIOMED, MPD, NOvA, STAR, ILC and others. were held in 2020 using it. Both JINR grid sites ensure 100% availability The modernization of the cluster of virtual and reliability of services. services of the JINR network service was in In 2020, the Tier-1 data processing sys- progress. The NOC network service works with tem was increased to 13 376 cores, providing virtual machines that provide key services for a performance of 203.569 kHS06. The storage the entire network infrastructure of JINR: DNS, system, comprising disk arrays and long-term DHCP, relays — intermediate mail servers, net- storage of data on tapes, was expanded. The to- work database servers, the NOC web hosting tal usable capacity of disk servers was increased server, as well as a number of third-party ser- to 13.7 PB. In April, the commissioning of a vices for LIT and JINR University Centre. new tape library IBM TS4500 with a total volu- 138 Fig. 1. Contribution of the world Tier-1 centers to CMS experimental data processing in 2020: a) distribution by the normalized CPU time in HS06 hours; b) number of processed events. Statistics on the use of the JINR Tier-1 center by the CMS experiment by different types of data stream processing in 2020: c) distribution of jobs; d) distribution of events by type of processing me of 40 PB was completed. To date, the data In 2020, at Tier-1 there happened a transi- long-term storage system consists of the IBM tion related, on the one hand, with the end of TS3500 and IBM ТS4500 libraries and is fo- support of the software used for compute ele- cused on servicing the NICA and CMS expe- ments, i.e., CREAM-CE, the Torque batch pro- riments. cessing system and the Maui scheduler, and, on In terms of performance, Tier-1 the other hand, with the fact that the previous (T1_RU_JINR) is ranked second among all the software and systems could not cope with the Tier-1 world centers for the CMS experiment increasedloadandalargenumberofcomputing (Fig. 1, a). In 2020, more than 294 million machines. To replace CREAM-CE, ARC-CE events were processed, which accounts for (Advanced Resource Connector-Computing Ele- 25% of the total number of processed events ment)waschosen;itiswidelyusedinWLCG (Fig. 1, b) and 23% of the total CPU load of all (Worldwide LHC Computing Grid). SLURM, Tier-1 centers for the CMS experiment. an open source, highly scalable, fault-tolerant Figure 1, c, d shows the number of jobs and cluster manager and job scheduler for large events processed at the JINR CMS Tier-1 center clusters, was selected as a resource manager. in 2020 by different types of data stream pro- It enables flexible planning with priorities, fair cessing (reconstruction, modeling, reprocessing, distribution of resources between different users analysis, etc.). and optimization of the utilization of computing 139 Fig. 2. Statistics on the exchange of JINR Tier-1 data with the world data processing centers of the WLCG infrastructure via the dCache-based data storage system: blue color — amount of data transferred from JINR Tier-1 to the other world Tier-1 and Tier-2 centers; red color — amount of transferred data from the world Tier-1 and Tier-2 centers to JINR Tier-1 for writing and processing Fig. 3. Statistics of the JINR Tier-2 operation: a) distribution of the CPU time by the grid sites of the organizations being part of the Russian Consortium RDIG; b) use of the JINR Tier-2 site by virtual orga- nizations of the global grid infrastructure (by the normalized CPU time in HS06 hours) resources. SLURM is also used on the “Govo- the LHC experiments downloaded 26 154.5 TB run” supercomputer. from the Tier-1 storage system, 130 of which One of the main functions of Tier-1 is to transferred 10 655.7 TB of data for writing. provide data exchange with all world sites ope- In 2020, the computing resources of the rating for the CMS experiment and storage of Tier-2 center were expanded to 7060 cores, raw experimental and simulated data. In 2020, which currently provides a performance of the overall volume of data exchange with the 100 kHS06. The total usable capacity of disk dCache-based storage system, taking into ac- servers is 4763 TB for ATLAS, CMS and ALICE count local exchanges, was 106 PB, of which and 140 TB for other virtual organizations 22 PB of new files were written. Figure 2 il- (VOs). The JINR Tier-2 site is the best in the lustrates the statistics of data exchange of JINR Russian Consortium RDIG (Russian Data Inten- CMS Tier-1 with the other grid centers with a sive Grid). In 2020, 55% of the total CPU time volume of more than 100 TB for the outgoing spent on data processing and analysis using the traffic. 192 WLCG data processing centers for RDIG resources were carried out at the JINR 140 Fig. 4. Statistics on the use of the computing cluster: distribution by the CPU time in hours, normalized to 1000 Specint2000, by jobs performed on the local (not grid) computing cluster by the Institute’s subdivisions and user groups Tier-2 site (Fig. 3, a). The data on utilizing the tematic updating of the firmware of the server JINR Tier-2 site by virtual organizations within components, the version of the operating system grid projects in 2020 are shown in Fig. 3, b. kernel and the firmware of the service modules The MICC allows users to perform calcula- of the IDRAC/IPMI servers. tions outside the grid environment. It is nece- Cloud Environment. In 2020, the reso- ssary for some experiments and local users of urces of the cloud infrastructure were enlarged the JINR Laboratories. JINR and grid users due to contributions of the NOvA experiment have access to all computing power via a unified (480 CPU cores, 2.88 TB of RAM, 1.728 PB of batch processing system. The time distribu- disk space for ceph-based storage) and the com- tion of jobs performed on the MICC computing missioning of 2880 CPU cores with 46.08 TB cluster by the Institute’s subdivisions and user of RAM purchased by the JUNO experiment. groups is given in Fig. 4. The total amount of the resources located in the In 2020, the EOS-based data storage system JINR cloud infrastructure is 5000 CPU cores, was extended. At present, 7.12 PB of disk 60 TB of RAM and 3.1 PB of raw disk space space is available for EOS users. Baikal-GVD, in ceph-storage. Figure 5 shows the information DANSS, FOBOS, JUNO, BM@N, MPD, SPD, on the resource consumption of the cloud infras- PANDA are its major users. tructure in 2020. The stable and efficient operation of Tier-1, The JINR cloud is one of the participants Tier-2, storage systems and the required level of the distributed information and computing of cluster cybersecurity were ensured by sys- environment (DICE) based on the resources of Fig. 5. Consumption of the resources of the JINR cloud infrastructure in 2020: a)CPUtime,b)RAMusage 141 A pie chart with the number of jobs successfully performed in 2020 on the resources of all DICE participants by users of all virtual organizations is represented in Fig. 6. In 2020, idle resources of the DICE were involved in research on the SARS-CoV-2 virus within the Folding@Home platform. Figure 7 illustrates a pie chart with the contribution of each of the DICE resource centres. Heterogeneous Infrastructure. The hete- rogeneous infrastructure of the JINR MICC is represented by the HybriLIT component, which consists of the education and testing polygon and the “Govorun” supercomputer, managed by a unified software and information environment. In 2020, the development and implementation Fig. 6. Distribution of the number of successfully of an ecosystem for machine/deep learning completed jobs by users of all VOs on the cloud and high-performance computing (ML/DL/HPC resources of the JINR Member States’ organizations ecosystem) into this environment were com- in 2020 pleted; the ecosystem is actively used to create algorithms based on neural network approaches JINR and its Member States’ organizations. In for solving applied tasks. 2020, cloud infrastructures at North Ossetian In 2020, up-to-date versions of more than 20 State University, Sofia University “St. Kliment software packages, in particular, GSL (BLTP); Ohridski” and the Institute for Nuclear Research FairSoft, FairRoot, PyROOT with add-ons for and Nuclear Energy of the BAS were deployed BmnRoot and MpdRoot, SMASH, Valgrind and connected to the DICE. The deployment (NICA); ABINIT, Wien2k, Amber, AmberTools of cloud infrastructures at Georgian Technical (FLNP); DIRAC, ELPA, FLUKA, LAMMPS University and the Egyptian National STI Net- (FLNR); FreeSurfer, FSL, MRIConvert, GRO- work of the Academy of Scientific Research and MACS (LRB); Expect, FORM, SMILEI (LIT), Technology was started. etc., were implemented into the HybriLIT envi- In 2020, the Baikal-GVD experiment joined ronment and supported at the request of user the utilization of the DICE computing power. groups. Fig. 7. Distribution of contributions of the DICE participants to the study of the SARS-CoV-2 virus via the Folding@Home platform in CPU HS06 hours 142 Fig. 8. Distribution of the resources of the “Govorun” supercomputer by user groups In 2020, to increase the efficiency of solving 118 are from the JINR Laboratories and 39 are user tasks, as well as to expand the efficiency from other organizations of the JINR Member of the utilization of both computing and data States. Moreover, in 2020, 75 new users were storage resources on the “Govorun” supercom- registered. The distribution of the computing puter, an approach to their management, i.e., resources by user groups is shown in Fig. 8. resource orchestration, was elaborated and im- The main users of the CPU component of plemented [3]. This notion means software dis- the supercomputer came from BLTP and the junction of a compute node, i.e., the separation NICA megaproject, in total 75%. User groups of compute nodes and data storage elements from the other Laboratories utilize a quarter of (SSDs) with their subsequent integration in ac- the resources. At the same time, for the GPU cordance with the requirements of user jobs. component, about 80% of the resources of the Thus, the computing elements (CPU cores and “Govorun” supercomputer are used by BLTP and graphics accelerators) and data storage elements 20% — by LRB, which is related to the imple- (SSDs) form independent fields. Due to or- mentation of neural network approaches for the chestration, the user can allocate for his job tasks of radiation biology. a required number and type of compute nodes In 2020, users of the platform published 65 (including graphics accelerators), as well as a scientific papers. The summary report is avail- required volume and type of data storage sys- able at http://hlit.jinr.ru/users_publications/. tems. After the job is completed, the com- In 2020, the work on the development of pute nodes and storage elements are returned to the offline computer complex for data model- their corresponding fields and are ready for the ing, processing, analysis and storage within the next use. This feature allows one to effectively NICA project, which was built on the basis of solve user tasks of different types, enhance the confidentiality level of working with data, and the JINR MICC as a distributed scalable hybrid avoid system errors that occur when crossing cluster, allowing one to organize computing for the resources for different user tasks. the NICA project efficiently and without addi- Within 2020, 491 609 jobs were performed tional labor costs at the request of a different on all computing components by all user groups class of jobs and users, was in progress. The utilizing the resources of the “Govorun” super- integration of distributed computing resources computertosolvetasksintheframeworkof25 was essential in creating such an infrastructure. themes of the JINR Topical Plan. Most of the One of the middleware options is the DIRAC jobs (440 813) were carried out on the Cascade Interware, a product for integrating heteroge- component, 45 411 and 5385 were performed neous computing resources and data storage re- on the KNL and DGX components, respectively. sources into a unified platform, based on the In total, in 2020, over 35 million core-hours use of standard data access protocols (xRootD, were accumulated on the Cascade component. GridFTP, etc.) and pilot jobs. At the end The average load on the computing components of 2020, all the MICC components, the clouds in 2020 was the following: Cascade — 95.7%, of the JINR Member States, as well as the KNL — 89.3%, DGX — 94.1%. cluster of the National Autonomous University The overall number of users of the “Govo- of Mexico (UNAM, within cooperation on the run” supercomputer is currently 157, of which MPD project) were integrated into DIRAC. 143 one to receive information from different compo- nents of the computing complex: the engineer- ing infrastructure, networks, compute nodes, job launch systems, data storage elements and grid services, which guarantees a high level of reliability of the MICC. In 2020, the cloud infrastructure was connected to the common monitoring system. The Litmon monitoring system is modular and distributed. Thus, the addition of new nodes of the monitoring system entails the installation of a new node of the load distribution for the monitoring system. At present, the monitoring system comprises four servers [4]: the central control server litmon-01 and three load distribution nodes (Fig. 10). A number of works on the development and current maintenance of the “Dubna” electronic document system (EDS) were completed. In particular, a module for maintaining the procu- rement plan was worked out, the ability to sign invoices for payment using an enhanced Fig. 9. Statistics on the normalized CPU time in electronic signature was implemented, a sub- HS06 hours used for simulation jobs within MPD on system for the automated formation of supply the DIRAC-based computing resources contracts on the basis of standard forms was developed, a module for monitoring, electronic Using the integration via DIRAC, it was archive storage and search for supply contracts possible to involve the largest amount of com- was elaborated. puting resources for centralized data generation The work on the current maintenance and with the Monte Carlo method for the MPD development of the APT EVM project manage- experiment. The “Govorun” supercomputer, the ment system for NICA was in progress. Specifi- Tier-1/Tier-2 clusters, the NICA and UNAM cally, the integration of Cost Book data with the clusters participated in the calculations. More procurement plan in EDS “Dubna” was imple- than 500 000 jobs were successfully completed, mented. and the amount of generated data exceeded A new version of the CERN DB information 130 TB. All data is registered in the DIRAC file system for registering business trips at CERN, directory and stored in the EOS file system. Fig- managing accommodation and accounting fi- ure 9 illustrates the statistics on the normalized nancial expenses was developed and put into CPU time in HS06 hours used for simulation operation. jobs within MPD on the DIRAC-based comput- The ongoing maintenance and development ing resources. of the following information systems upon users’ A software complex that enables the simu- requests were performed: HR LHEP, ADB2, lation of a distributed computing system for PIN, ISS, Document Base and Electronic Photo acquiring, storing and processing data from the Archive. BM@N experiment of the NICA project under In 2020, a personal account with the possi- different scenarios for launching jobs for the bility of online payment for tenants of the In- next run, which is planned to be held in 2021, stitute’s housing stock was developed and put was developed. The purpose of the modeling into operation. Together with the electronic was the optimal distribution of the flows of document system, a system for processing in- primary data processing for the BM@N experi- voices in an electronic form, for the signing of ment to the compute nodes in order to minimize which an internal certification center was imple- hardware downtime during job execution. Based mented, was created. In the personnel system, a subsystem for accounting electronic employment on the simulation results, one can predict the record books was created, and the system for load of the compute nodes and telecommunica- special job assessment was completely revised. tion channels. The Institute’s management reporting was Monitoring System. The developed inte- improved;aspartofthedevelopmentofproject grated monitoring system of the MICC allows management, a corresponding module, which al- 144 Fig. 10. Scheme of the Litmon monitoring system lows one to track the work progress, to draw a of Elementary Particles and Atomic Nuclei” Gantt chart and assign financial resources, was (PEPAN) and “Physics of Elementary Particles elaborated in the 1C program. and Atomic Nuclei, Letters” (PEPAN Letters) The ongoing training and support of users, (http://pepan.jinr.ru) continued. The traditional as well as the maintenance and modernization of development, creation and maintenance of web 1C programs, were carried out. The work on the sites of conferences, symposia at the request of creation of a system for accounting trip tickets the Laboratories and other JINR subdivisions to the “Dubna” Resort Hotel started; a new were in progress. accounting methodology for the “Dubna” Resort The maintenance of the following servers Hotel was worked out and tested together with and systems of general use was conducted: other services. the infrastructure of site hosting (www.jinr.ru, In 2020, the JINR Information Sys- flnph.jinr.ru, flerovlab.jinr.ru, micc.jinr.ru, mp- tem for Scientific Certification (ISSC) droot.jinr.ru, etc.), the infrastructure of ad- (https://dissertations.jinr.ru/) and the “Visit ministrative servers (pin.jinr.ru, adb2.jinr.ru, Centre” portal (https://visitcentre.jinr.ru/) were sed.jinr.ru, etc.), the automated project manage- maintained. The modernization and support ment system (pm.jinr.ru) and the cloud storage of the web site of the journals “Physics service for the JINR staff (disk.jinr.ru). METHODS, ALGORITHMS AND SOFTWARE FOR MODELING PHYSICAL SYSTEMS, MATHEMATICAL PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA One of the main activities of LIT is to A prototype of the platform for streaming provide mathematical, algorithmic and software analytics using Big Data technologies was de- support for experimental and theoretical re- ployed [5]. The platform was tested on the search underway at JINR. A summary of promi- example of network traffic analysis in the dis- nent results is presented below. tributed network. 145 Geometry and software models for different network traffic monitoring system in ATLAS configurations of the inner tracker system of (NETIS) was modernized. the BM@N experiment, which comprises the The magnetic field modeling involved: inten- coordinate GEM, Forward Silicon and STS de- se research concerning three-dimensional com- tectors, were developed. Algorithms for realistic puter simulation of magnetic systems in the simulations of the passage of charged particles framework of the NICA project for the validation through the sensitive planes of the tracker sys- of the magnetic field uniformity in the working tem detectors were implemented. The required areasofnewphysicalmagnets,aswellasthe characteristics of the gas mixture planned for improvement of design tools for new medical use as a working medium in the gas-filled cham- cyclotrons,computedonthe“Govorun”super- bers of the GEM detector were calculated for computer. future configurations in 2021–2022. In 2020, the JINRLIB library was supple- A software module for simulating data re- mented with programs developed by the LIT construction in the drift chambers (DCH) of specialists for general use: EORP 2020, a pro- the BM@N experiment was elaborated. The gram for computing closed equilibrium orbits required similarity of the process of reconstruct- (http://wwwinfo.jinr.ru/programs/jinrlib/eorp/ ing simulated and experimental data was ob- index.html); Split, a parallel implementation tained. The software was implemented in the BMNROOT software package. The DCH recon- of the numerical solution of a system of alge- struction chain was unified and automated for braic equations with a tridiagonal matrix using processing all types of data from the BM@N the partition algorithm and MPI technology experiment. (http://wwwinfo.jinr.ru/programs/jinrlib/split/ Neural network models RDGraphNet and index.html); SIR-model, the simplest epidemic TrackNETv2, developed for the BM@N expe- process model (http://wwwinfo.jinr.ru/prog- riment with a fixed target, were successfully rams/jinrlib/sir-model/index.html). The SAS adapted for the cylindrical CGEM detector of program, devoted to primary process- the BESIII collider experiment (IHEP, Beijing). ing of small-angle scattering spectra The training on simulated data and subse- (http://wwwinfo.jinr.ru/programs/jinrlib/sas/ quent testing of the RDGraphNet model showed index.html), was updated. promising results, namely, 98% completeness In cooperation with the Joint Institute of and 86% accuracy, as well as 99% completeness High Temperatures of RAS, a model that de- and 77% accuracy for TrackNETv2 [6]. scribes the passage of a multicomponent gas- A further extension of the Monte Carlo condensate mixture through a porous medium generator of heavy-ion collisions DCM-SMM, in the depletion mode was formulated [9]. A which is used to simulate tens of millions of quantitative agreement of the numerical results events for BM@N and MPD (NICA) on the with experimental data on the dynamics of hy- HybriLIT cluster, was performed [7]. drocarbon recovery depending on pressure was The impact of varying parameters in three obtained. The parallel implementation of the al- GEANT4 hadronic physics models on the agree- gorithm enables a 6-fold acceleration of compu- ment with thin-target datasets was investigated, tations on the HybriLIT cluster. and using the Professor model tuning frame- The influence of the inelastic channel and the work the correspondence to these datasets was choice of a model for the distribution density described [8]. It was found that varying parame- of nucleons in 12,14Ве nuclei on the agreement ters produced a substantially improved agree- with experimental data was investigated [10]. ment with some datasets; however, more de- For the density of 12,14Ве nuclei in the form grees of freedom are required for full agreement. of the symmetrized Fermi function, parameters Atestserverforthenewversionofthe 12,14 + 12 EventIndex system being developed was created that improve the agreement of Ве С as part of the project development to prepare differential scattering cross sections with exper- the ATLAS experiment for RUN3. Services for imental data were obtained. The calculations calculating the matrix of intersection of trigger were performed on the HybriLIT cluster. chains were implemented. The creation of a AhybridMPI+ OpenMP model for paral- new Event Picking Service within the ATLAS lelizing the multiple precision Taylor se- EventIndex project was started. The operational ries method was proposed, implemented and monitoring system of the TDAQ system was tested [11]. With the help of this model, a tra- adapted for the new versions of the Grafana jectory for the Lorenz attractor was calculated product. The data visualization service for the in a rather long time interval [0, 7000]. 146 To study strongly interacting nuclear mat- pulses was performed. The dependence of the ter, in particular, in neutron star nuclei, maximum temperature on the sample surface the extended sigma–omega model was inves- and the thickness of the ablation layer on the tigated by means of the Bayesian analysis radiation dose of the incident laser pulse was method. The most probable values of the physi- obtained. Numerical calculations were carried cal parameters of the model were found us- out using the finite difference method [18]. ing state-of-the-art multimessenger astronomi- A method of ultrafast polarization switch- cal observations [12]. ing in ferroelectrics was proposed and numeri- The Lagrange problem of finding all approx- cally studied using the self-acceleration effect imate solutions of the three-body problem on of the polarization dynamics through a feedback the plane, for which the distances between the field [19]. bodies remain constant, was formulated. Two A new algorithm for representing polyno- theorems that reduce the problem to the study mials in problems of computing involutive and of the midpoint scheme properties for a system Grobner¨ bases of systems of nonlinear polyno- of coupled oscillators were proved [13]. It was mial equations was proposed [20]. The new ap- shownthatinthecasewhenthebodiesformed proach enables the delegation of some parts of a regular triangle the approximate solution in- this computational task to GPUs, which opens herited the periodicity property of the exact up new opportunities for solving more complex Lagrange solution. problems. The problem of the quantum-mechanical de- The parameters on a conjugacy class in the scription of the near-barrier fusion of heavy Lie group SL(n) and the parameters on a coad- nuclei, which occurs at a strong coupling of joint orbit in the space sl∗(n) dual to the Lie their relative motion to surface vibrations, was algebra sl(n) were found. In this way the trivi- analyzed [14]. To this end, an efficient finite alization problems for the foliations of the SL(n) element method was proposed for the numeri- group and the space sl∗(n) were solved [21]. cal solution of a system of coupled Schrodinger¨ Three-loop computations of the renormaliza- equations with boundary conditions correspond- tion group function γm, which determines the ing to total absorption. It was found that the behavior of the effective mass of fermions in experimental data could be reproduced with a gauge theories, were carried out [22]. Dimen- Woods–Saxon potential, without introducing re- sional regularization and the ‘t Hooft minimal pulsive cores. It was shown that the fusion subtraction scheme were used. The values of the cross sections at deep sub-barrier energies were sensitive to the potential pocket profile. anomalous dimensions of fermions for quantum The interaction of pulsed ion beams with chromodynamics and electrodynamics were ob- metal targets was modeled by the molecular tained. dynamics method [15]. A numerical study of A new universal symbolic-numerical algo- the dependence of the dynamics of thermal and rithm, which was implemented as the first ver- O( ) × SU( ) structural processes in irradiated targets when sion of 5 1, 1 in Wolfram Mathema- changing the size and inhomogeneities of the tica for computing the orthonormal basis of the structure was performed using the averaged va- Bohr–Mottelson collective model and which can lues of the parameters of ion beams. be implemented in any computer algebra system, The basic parameters and wave functions was elaborated [23]. This kind of basis is widely determining the structure and properties of used to calculate the spectra and electromag- light nuclei with A = 6(6Li and 6He) in the netic transitions in solid, molecular and nuclear α + NN cluster model, which takes into account physics. dibaryon resonances in the nucleon–nucleon in- Algorithms for algorithmic verification of teraction, were obtained [16]. linearizability for nonlinear (ordinary) differen- An original three-center wave function was tial equations were developed. The first algo- constructed by means of the irreducible repre- rithm is based on the construction of the Lie sentations of the D3h point group, which char- point symmetry algebra and calculation of the acterizes the symmetry of the planar equilateral derived algebra; the second algorithm uses the + differential Thomas decomposition and allows triangular H3 molecule[17].Theresultsofthis work and the implementation of computational one not only to verify linearizability but also methods pave the way for further studies of to generate a system of nonlinear partial diffe- complex three-center systems. rential equations that determine the point trans- Numerical simulation of laser ablation of the formation and the coefficients of the linearized material under the action of ultrashort laser equation [24]. 147 In the framework of constructive quantum of the Hilbert–Schmidt, Bures and Bogo- mechanics, the problem of the emergence of liubov–Kubo–Mori ensembles of qubits and qut- geometry from entanglement in composite quan- rits [27]. tum systems was investigated. It was shown The robustness of entanglement in two qu- that the second Renyi´ entanglement entropy bits with maximally entangled mixed states could be useful when applying polynomial com- was studied under quantum decoherence chan- puter algebra to model metric structures in nels [28]. quantum systems with geometry [25]. An algorithm for quantum teleportation of Using the negative property of the Wigner two-qubit maximally entangled Bell states on function, a global indicator of nonclassicality of different five-qubit processors was implemented. the state space of an N-level quantum system To reduce arising errors, several modifications in the Hilbert–Schmidt distribution was intro- of the original teleportation protocol were pro- duced, and its value for N →∞was given [26]. posed. The comparison of the dynamics of The dependence of the global indicator of the results of measuring the output probabili- classicality on the geometry of the space of ties, performed on the IBM Q Yorktown pro- quantum states for a whole family of rep- cessor, demonstrates significant progress in im- resentations of Wigner quasiprobability distri- proving the characteristics of IBM’s quantum butions was investigated using the example hardware [29]. APPLIED RESEARCH Two tasks of image recognition were consi- tion [30]. The results illustrate a huge potential dered: plant disease detection on 25 classes of of this approach when solving the tasks of image five different crops (grape, cotton, wheat, cu- recognition in a small training sample. cumbers and corn — a total of 935 images) and In 2020, an information system (IS) for moss species identification (5 types, 599 ima- the tasks of radiation biology was developed ges). A neural network architecture based on a within a joint project of LIT and LRB using Siamese network with a triplet loss function and the ML/DL/HPC ecosystem of the HybriLIT MobileNetV2 as a base network was proposed. platform (Fig. 11). The IS is aimed at storing The given model showed impressive results in experimental data and analyzing changes in the accuracy for both tasks. The average accuracy central nervous system of mammals on the basis for plant disease detection amounted to over of molecular, pathomorphological and behavioral 98.1%, and 97.6% for moss species classifica- changes in the mammalian brain when exposed Fig. 11. Architecture of the information system 148 to ionizing radiation and other factors. Algo- were designed. The GIS comprises central rithms for experimental data processing based (PostgreSQL-based) and local (SQLite replica) on machine and deep learning were implemented Geometry Databases. The central DB is into the developed system. The IS comprises available on the Apache web server and pro- reliable modern means of authentication and hi- vides all the functions required for detector erarchical delimitation of access to data, a data geometry management. The local DB, be- storage system, as well as components for con- ing part of the software for the NICA ex- venient work and visualization of data analysis perimentsonthebasisoftheROOTenviron- results [31]. ment, is used primarily for loading the detec- A Geometry Information System (GIS), tor geometry in the jobs of modeling, recon- which is configurable during deployment, was struction and physical data analysis. Appli- developed for use in all experiments of the cation programming and web interfaces com- NICA project. The general object model and mon for all NICA experiments were elabo- architecture of the Geometry Database (DB) rated. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION In 2020, within the cooperation agree- ly complete experimental measurement of the ment between JINR and DESY in col- characteristics of Compton scattering at free laboration with the partners of the atoms using the highly efficient method of COLd JOIN2 (Just anOther INvenio Instance) Target Recoil Ion Momentum Spectroscopy project (https://join2-wiki.gsi.de/cgi-bin/view), (COLTRIMS). A theoretical description of this the work on the development of the phenomenon is based on the calculations per- JINR Document Server information sys- formed on the “Govorun” supercomputer [33]. tem based on the JOIN2 software platform In collaboration with colleagues from (https://lt-jds-join2.jinr.ru/) was in progress. Poland, the “horn” effect in the K+/π+ ratio Bibliographic records were downloaded and at a collision energy of ∼ 8GeVwasstudied verified, and authority records, namely, Topical within a 2 + 1 flavor PNJL model. In parallel, Plan, Personalities, Subdivisions, Experiments, to interpret the behavior of bound states in a Grants, were downloaded and updated. This dense and hot medium, the mean-field approxi- makes it possible to link publications with mation (Breit–Wigner) and the Beth–Uhlenbeck relevant funding sources, experiments with approach were considered [34]. It was shown JINR’s participation, etc. User authorization that the best agreement with the experimental based on the Single Sign-On technology was data was obtained when the non-equilibrium implemented for the JINR staff [32]. chemical potential was involved in the calcula- An international research group, includ- tions, and the absence of a critical end point in ing scientists from LIT (O. Chuluunbaatar) and the phase diagram had no critical effect on the BLTP (Yu. V. Popov), conducted a kinematical- position and magnitude of the “horn”. EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM ON THE EDUCATION AND TESTING POLYGON An important aspect of the activity that in- In 2020, tutorials and practical classes were volves the resources of the HybriLIT platform is held on the HybriLIT platform for more than the educational direction related to conducting 1000 students within the following courses: both training courses for JINR employees and “Architecture of Computing Systems”, “Techno- logies of High-Performance Computing”, “Mo- practical classes for students of Dubna State dern Methods of Analyzing Complex Systems”, University, Tver State University and other uni- “Machine Learning and Data Mining”, “Lan- versities. In 2020, tutorials and master classes guages and Technologies of Data Analysis”, were remotely held for students from the Czech “Mathematical Apparatus and Tools for Data Republic and Armenia. Analysis” — using the ML/DL/HPC ecosystem, 149 which allows students to master state-of-the-art whose students are engaged in real scientific technologies for developing parallel algorithms projects of JINR (the results are presented on novel computing hybrid architectures and in a collection of scientific and project ac- tools (libraries and frameworks) for the tasks of tivity reports: http://itschool.jinr.ru/other/Re- machine and deep learning [35]. The platform ports_ITSchool_eng.pdf). In 2020, three PhD resources were also actively used to train IT theses and more than 15 Master’s and Bache- specialists within the International School of lor’s theses were prepared using the resources Information Technologies “Data Science” [36], of the HybriLIT platform. REFERENCES 1. Korenkov V. V. // Nucl. Phys. 2020. V. 83, 17. Chuluunbaatar O. et al. // Chem. Phys. Lett. No. 6. P. 534–538 (in Russian); 2020. V. 746. P. 137304. Korenkov V. // 2020 Intern. Sci. and Techn. 18. Amirkhanov I. V., Sarker N. R., Sarkha- Conf. “Modern Computer Network Techno- dov I. // Discrete and Continuous Models and logies” (MoNeTeC), Moscow, 2020. P. 1–4; Appl. Comput. Sci. 2020. V. 28, No. 4. doi: 10.1109/MoNeTeC49726.2020.9258311. P. 398–405. 2. Baginyan A. et al. // 2020 Intern. Sci. and 19. Yukalov V. I., Yukalova E. P. // Phys. Rev. Techn. Conf. “Modern Computer Network Res. 2020. V. 2. P. 028002-3. Technologies” (MoNeTeC), Moscow, 2020. 20. Yanovich V. A. // Programming Comput. P. 1–5; Software. 2020. V. 46, No. 2. P. 162–166. doi: 10.1109/MoNeTeC49726.2020.9258004. 21. Palii Yu. // J. Math. Sci. 2020. V. 251, No. 3. 3. Belyakov D. et al. // CEUR Workshop Proc. P. 405–418. 2020. V. 2772. P. 1–12. 4. Kashunin I. A. et al. // Part. Nucl., Lett. 22. Tarasov O. V. // Phys. Part. Nucl. Lett. 2020. V. 17, No. 3(228). P. 345–352 (in Rus- 2020. V. 17, No. 2. P. 109–115. sian). 23. Deveikis A., Gusev A. A. et al. // Lect. Notes 5. Belov S. D. et al. // CEUR Workshop Proc. Comput. Sci. 2020. V. 12291. P. 206–227. 2020. V. 2772. P. 52–57. 24. Lyakhov D.A., Gerdt V.P., Michels D. // 6. Ososkov G. et al. //Comput.Res.Modeling. J. Symbol. Comput. 2020. V. 98. P. 3–22. 2020. V. 12, No. 6. P. 1361–1381. 25. Kornyak V. V. // Programming Comput. Soft- 7. Baznat M. et al. // Phys. Part. Nucl. Lett. ware. 2021. V. 47, No. 2. P. 124–132. 2020. V. 17, No. 3. P. 303–324. 26. Abgaryan V., Khvedelidze A., Rogojin I. // 8. Elvira V. et al. // J. Instr. 2020. V. 15. Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 2021. V. 12563. P. 02025. P. 244. 9. Volokhova A. V., Zemlyanaya E. V., Kacha- 27. Abgaryan V., Khvedelidze A., Torosyan A. // lov V. V., Rikhvitsky V. S. // Comput. Res. J. Math. Sci. 2020. V. 251, No. 3. P. 301. Modeling. 2020. V. 12, No. 5. P. 1081–1095 (in Russian). 28. Sharma K. K., Gerdt V. P. // Intern. J. Theor. 10. Zemlyanaya E. V. et al. // J. Phys.: Conf. Phys. 2020. V. 59. P. 403–414. Ser. 2020. V. 1555. P. 012017. 29. Gerdt V. P., Kotkova E. A. // Commun. Com- 11. Hristov I. et al. // Discrete and Continuous put. Inform. Sci. 2021. V. 1337. P. 129–143. Models and Appl. Comput. Sci. (submitted); 30. Uzhinskiy A. et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.14993. http://arxiv.org/abs/2012.07403. 2020. 12. Alvarez-Castillo D., Ayriyan A., Barnafol- 31. CEUR Workshop Proc. 2020. V. 2743. di G. G., Grigorian H., Posfay P. // Eur. 32. Filozova I. et al. // CEUR Workshop Proc. Phys. J. Special Topics. 2020. V. 229. 2020. V. 2790. P. 142–155. P. 3615–3628; https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/ e2020-000106-4. 33. Kircher M. et al. // Nature Phys. 2020. V. 16. P. 756–760. 13. Ayryan E. A. et al. // Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 2020. V. 12291. P. 77–90. 34. Blaschke D., Friesen A. et al. // Eur. Phys. 14. Wen P. W. et al. // Phys. Rev. C. 2020. J. Special Topics. 2020. V. 229. P. 3517–3536. V. 101, No. 1. P. 014618(1)–014618(10). 35. Bashashin M. V., Zemlyanaya E. V., Strel- 15. Puzynin I. V. et al. // J. Surf. Invest. X-Ray, tsova O. I. Fundamentals of the OpenMP Synchrotron and Neutron Techn. 2020. V. 14, Technology on the HybriLIT Cluster: Tutorial. No. 6. P. 1341–1344. Dubna, 2020 (in Russian). 16. Kakenov M., Kukulin V. I., Pomerant- 36. Korenkov V. V. et al. // System Analysis in sevV.N.,BayakhmetovO.// Eur. Phys. J. Science and Education. Online Scientific Pub- A. 2020. V. 56. P. 266. lication. 2020. V. 3. P. 1–7 (in Russian). 150 In 2020, the Laboratory of Radiation Bi- tive Committee of the International Biophysical ology (LRB) continued research under themes Collaboration (INFN, Rome, February 20–21, 04-9-1077-2009/2023 “Research on the Biologi- 2020), programs of biomedical research at the cal Effect of Heavy Charged Particles of Dif- world’s largest accelerator centers have been ferent Energies” and 04-9-1112-2013/2022 “Re- published [1]. The list of the Collaboration’s search on Cosmic Matter on the Earth and in programs includes LRB’s research on the mech- Nearby Space; Research on the Biological and anisms of radiation action on the central nervous Geochemical Specifics of the Early Earth”. Ba- system. sedontheresultsofthemeetingoftheExecu- RADIATION GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RADIOBIOLOGY Research on Clustered DNA Double- ions (the U-400M cyclotron, the Flerov Labora- Strand Breaks (DSBs) Induced by Ionizing tory of Nuclear Reactions) has been studied, and Radiation of Different Quality. In coopera- a comparative analysis of the kinetics of their tion with Czech and German scientists, a new repair in human normal (fibroblasts) and tumor method of ultra-high resolution analysis of the (U87 glioblastoma) cells has been carried out fine structure of clustered DNA DSBs has been (Fig. 1). The proposed approach can yield a new developed based on single-molecule localization insight into the nature of radioresistance of a microscopy. Using this method, the structure of number of tumors [2]. clusteredDNADSBsinducedbyaccelerated15N Fig. 1. A visualization of the structure of 53BP1 repair protein clusters in nuclei of human U87 glioblastoma cells 24 h after exposure to 13 MeV/nucleon 15Nionsatadoseof1.3Gy:a) microscope images, b)software post-processing 151 tively). The sites of colocalization of marker proteins are sites for the formation of clustered DNA DSBs containing modified bases. The data obtained indicate that the repair of a clustered DNA lesion occurs in a complex manner, that is, the repair systems eliminate the clustered lesion as a single complex, rather than repair different types of damage separately, which is confirmed by a similar shape of the kinetic curves of the formation and elimination of 53BP1 and OGG1 foci [3]. Research on DNA DSB Formation and Elimination in Primary Culture Cells of the Hippocampus and Cerebellum of Rats after Exposure to 60Co γ Rays, Protons, and 15N Ions. Patterns of the formation of clustered DNA DSBs in rat brain cells in primary cul- tures of the hippocampus and cerebellum af- ter exposure to ionizing radiations of different quality have been identified and analyzed us- ing the DNA DSB repair markers γH2AX and 53BP1 (Fig. 3). It has been found that in the Fig. 2. Kinetics of OGG1 and 53BP1 foci forma- post-radiation period the yield of radiation-in- tion and elimination in nuclei of normal human skin duced γH2AX/53BP1 foci increases and reaches fibroblasts after exposure to 13 MeV/nucleon 15N its maximum 1 h after irradiation [4]. ions, spread-out Bragg peak protons, and 60Co γ rays Cytogenetic Analysis of Chromosomal at a dose of 1.25 Gy Damage in Mammalian and Human Cells. In collaboration with researchers from the Univer- For the first time, analysis has been per- sity of Szczecin, Poland, a chemically caused formed of the formation and elimination kinetics premature chromatin condensation (PCC) study and structure of clustered 53BP1/OGG1 foci in- of the induction and repair of chromatin breaks duced by spread-out Bragg peak protons, accel- in human normal and tumor cells has been con- erated nitrogen ions with LET of 181 keV/μm, ducted [5]. Earlier, the induction of chromoso- and 60Co γ rays (Fig. 2). The use of specific mal aberrations by radiations with different LET fluorescent antibodies made it possible to visu- was simulated [6, 7]. Chromatid and isochro- alize the repair marker proteins for DNA DSBs matid breaks in G2-phase human lymphocytes and damaged bases (53BP1 and OGG1, respec- were examined immediately (t0) and 12 h (t12) Fig. 3. Clustering of γH2AX/53BP1 foci in the nucleus of a cell of a rat hippocampal neuronal culture 1 h after proton irradiation. Images Z1−Z5 show individual optical sections in the X−Y planes obtained along the Z axis with a step of 0.3 μm, illustrating changes in the number of individual γH2AX and 53BP1 foci in the cluster. The complex γH2AX/53BP1 cluster consists of 7 individual γH2AX and 53BP1 foci. The pictures entitled “Merge” show the resulting image of the γH2AX and 53BP1 foci of the cluster, obtained by superimposing the focal planes Z1−Z5. The γH2AX/53BP1 focus area in the X−Y projection is 0.97 μm2; the length of the focus along the Z axis is 1.96 μm 152 after irradiation with 150-MeV and spread-out ditions, which included synchronous combined Bragg peak protons, 22-MeV/nucleon boron action of antiorthostatic hypokinesia and pro- ions, and 60Co γ rays. Irradiation was performed longed exposure to 137Cs γ rays (the Institute at the medical beam of the Phasotron (JINR of Biomedical Problems, Moscow), followed by DLNP), at DLNP’s 60Co γ-ray Rocus-M facility, irradiation of monkey heads with 12Cionsat and at the U-400M cyclotron (JINR FLNR). a dose of 1 Gy (the Institute of High Energy In all cases, linear quadratic dependences of Physics, Protvino). The control animal group the chromatid break yield on the dose were showed a low level of chromosomal aberrations. observed, boron ions being much more efficient Most of the observed chromosomal lesions (up γ γ than rays and protons (Fig. 4). For -ray and to 70%) were chromatid-type aberrations. The proton irradiation, the PCC break distribution in number of cells with dicentrics and centric rings cells at t and t obeyed the Poisson statistics. 0 12 found in the analysis of control samples did not After boron ion exposure, an excessive variance exceed 0.3 per 100 cells. 24 h after irradiation was observed, and the PCC break distribution with 12C ions (on the 9th day after irradiation in cells was described by Neyman type A statis- 137 tics, which is a combination of two independent with Cs ions), the total yield of dicentrics and Poisson distributions: the probability of n ions centric rings increased 14 times compared with hitting the cell nucleus and the probability of the control. Over time, their number decreased, the formation of k aberrations. and on the 45th day of the study it was still Research has continued on the action of 3.5 times higher than the unirradiated control sparsely and densely ionizing radiation on pri- values. 454 days after the termination of the mates [8]. A cytogenetic analysis of chromo- complex exposure course, the total number of some aberrations in blood lymphocytes of Ma- chromosomal aberrations decreased, but still did caca mulatta monkeys was carried out after not reach the control values and exceeded the complex exposure simulating space flight con- control level by 3 times (Fig. 5). Fig. 4. PCC breaks detected immediately (t0) and 12 h (t12) after irradiation with 150-MeV protons and 22-MeV/nucleon boron ions. At t0,thebreakswereconvertedtoDNADSBs Fig. 5. The yield of cells with chromo- somal aberrations (light columns) and cells with dicentrics and rings (gray columns) 1 and 454 days after the termi- nation of the complex exposure course simulating space flight conditions (hy- pokinesia + prolonged γ irradiation + ir- radiation with accelerated 12Cions) 153 Genetic Effects Induced by Ionizing Ra- The analysis of the nucleotide sequence of diation in a Model Unicellular Eukaryotic 3773 CanR mutations that emerged spontaneo- Organism (the Yeast Saccharomyces cere- usly and after irradiation with ultraviolet light, visiae). The distribution of non-synonymous γ rays, or accelerated ions has been perfor- mutations inactivating the CAN1 enzyme has med. Part of the mutation collection was kindly been studied. The mutation spectrum is influ- provided by R. D. Kolodner (the University of enced not only by the features of the gene’s California, San Diego, the U.S.) and D. A. Gor- nucleotide sequence but also by protein-level denin (the National Institute of Environmental selection. The arginine permease CAN1 belongs Health Sciences, North Carolina, the U.S.). The to the evolutionarily conserved superfamily of enzyme was inactivated by 308 single non-syn- transporters that carry amino acids through cell onymous mutations (single nucleotide polymor- membranes. Despite the dissimilarity of the phisms) causing the substitution of 154 out of sequences, they have a similar structure and 590 amino acid residues. The analyzed muta- consist of 12 transmembrane helices flanking a tions are found both in transmembrane helices hydrophilic tail directed to the cytoplasm. and between them [9]. RADIATION PHYSIOLOGY AND NEUROCHEMISTRY Research on Morphofunctional Indica- on the induction of chromosomal aberrations in tors and Behavioral Responses in Animals CAL51 breast carcinoma cells for different dose Exposed to Ionizing Radiations of Different ranges of exposure to 60Co γ rays (the Rocus-M Quality. The radioprotective effect has been facility, the Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear studied of the officinal drug piracetam on be- Problems). A preliminary assessment of the havioral responses and morphological changes yield of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is in the brain of laboratory rats after total frac- an indicator of the oxidative stress level, revea- 60 tionated exposure to Co γ rays (the Rocus-M led a paradoxical fact: TEMPOL did not decrea- facility, the Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear se, but increased ROS generation in irradiated Problems). For 10-day irradiation at a dose of cells. It has been found that TEMPOL reduces 0.5 Gy per fraction (5 Gy in total), it has been the number of aberrant cells for irradiation at found that radiation exposure leads to reduction dosesof1–2Gyandincreasesthegenotoxicity of passive defensive behavior in rats. These of radiation at low doses of the order of several changes are observed against the background of cGy. The mechanism of TEMPOL’s protective a decrease in the cross section of the granular action under radiation exposure is not associated layer of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus with ROS detoxification. On the contrary, their andanincreaseinthenumberofpositivecells level increases in the presence of this modi- in brain slices with Fluoro Jade B staining. fier. Thus, in irradiated cells, TEMPOL itself Parenteral administration of 0.5 ml of piracetam acts as an oxidant/electrophile. It has been at the dose of 100 g per kg of body weight after each irradiation fraction was marked by the foundthatatalowdoseof0.1Gy,TEMPOL normalization of the passive defensive behavior enhances the activation of the NRF2 protein, of the animals, the conservation of morpho- regulator of the main pathway of the Nrf2-ARE metric parameters of the granular layer of the antioxidant system. However, this increase is dentate gyrus at the level of intact animals, and not accompanied by an increase in the activity a decrease in neurodegenerative changes in the of NQO1, which is under its control. At a central nervous system. Thus, piracetam can high dose of 1 Gy, TEMPOL has no significant be considered a promising drug for the relief effect on Nrf2 expression. It is assumed that the of central nervous system disorders due to radi- protective effect of TEMPOL at high doses may ation therapy, radiation accidents, and manned be due to the expression of the NQO1 protein, space missions [10]. which regulates cellular redox homeostasis and Research on the Generation of Reactive stabilizes the main DNA repair proteins P21 and Oxygen Species and Action Mechanisms of P53. The concentration of this protein increased Antioxidants. Research has continued on the in the presence of TEMPOL at a dose of 1 Gy, modifying effect of the antioxidant TEMPOL but not at 0.1 Gy. 154 MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF RADIATION-INDUCED EFFECTS A biophysical model of the interaction of double-strand break, which indicates a high ra- ionizing radiation with cell structures of the diosensitivity of these cell structures. brain has been developed [11]. Based on the Molecular modeling has been performed of model, it is shown that irradiation with iron the human inosine triphosphate pyrophosphohy- ions with a fluence of 3.2 · 105 cm−2 results in drolase (hITPA) enzyme, which regulates the high local doses (> 100 Gy) in the dendritic nucleotide pool and protects cells from DNA spines of hippocampal neurons, which is not damage. With the use of programs that identify potential sites of chemical modification, the sites achieved with exposure to low- and interme- of phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and sumoy- diate-LET charged particles. For exposure to lation have been determined [12]. Their local- accelerated protons and carbon and iron ions at ization on a 3D structure shows that they are a dose of 0.1 Gy, damage to spines 35, 268, positioned on the surface of the protein and are and 524 has been predicted. After irradiation potentially available to modifying enzymes. The with iron ions at relatively low doses (0.1 Gy), results obtained allow planning further exper- approximately 11% of progenitor cells and 9% of imental verification of the existence of hITPA immature hippocampal neurons were observed modified forms and modeling the effect of chem- to have at least more than one clustered DNA ical modifications on its activity. RADIATION PROTECTION PHYSICS AND RADIATION RESEARCH The U-400M cyclotron-based Genome facil- of the sanitary protection zone of the NICA ity for irradiation of different biological samples complex in terms of the radiation factor, includ- has been upgraded. Distributions of linear en- ing the calculation of the annual effective dose ergy transfer for nuclei in radiobiological ex- from radioactive emissions into the atmosphere periments at the U-400M cyclotron have been from the collider, booster, and Nuclotron and calculated [13]. The design of a radiobiological the justification of the 400-m zone around the channel has continued, and work has begun on Nuclotron for the proton sessions of the com- the development of a space radiation simula- plex. Neutron flux density at the location of the tor at the Nuclotron, the Veksler and Baldin ZDC electronics of the SPD detector has been Laboratory of High Energy Physics (VBLHEP). estimated. Prediction of the radiation conditions and ra- Neutron spectra have been measured with a diation doses received by astronauts inside a multisphere spectrometer at two points at the spacecraft beyond Earth’s magnetosphere has IREN facility, the Frank Laboratory of Neu- continued [14, 15], as well as processing data from radiobiological experiments on laboratory tron Physics, and the spectrometer has been animals for space radiobiology [16, 17]. calibrated in open geometry [19]. Within the At the suggestion of the VBLHEP Direc- framework of cooperation with the Institute of torate, the necessary calculations were made, Space Research, a session was conducted at the and documents entitled “Radiation Safety Jus- proton beam of the Phasotron, the Dzhelepov tification for the Design of the NICA Booster” Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, to refine the and “Radiation Safety Justification for the Op- tagged proton method [20]. At the DAN stand eration of the NICA Complex” have been pre- with radionuclide neutron sources and neutron pared [18]. Calculations have been carried out generators, ADRON instruments were tested and materials have been prepared for the project with a planetary soil model. STUDYING COSMIC MATTER ON THE EARTH AND IN NEARBY SPACE In cooperationn with scientists from Italy has been studied. As a result of the exposure, and the Czech Republic, the formation of com- a complex mixture of oxygen-containing and plex prebiotic compounds under 170-MeV pro- oligomeric derivatives was obtained, which in- ton irradiation of simple organic compounds in cluded polyhydroxy derivatives, isomeric dimers the presence of meteorite matter as a catalyst containing benzofuran and benzopyran frame- 155 Fig. 6. Images of fossilized microorganisms in the Orgueil meteorite works, and derivatives of quinones and perylene. The first illustrated atlas of microfossils in A new mechanism has been suggested that pro- the Orgueil meteorite has been published [22]. motes the formation and processing of insoluble Some aspects of prebiological evolution (the organic matter in meteorites and during prebi- chronology of the formation of molecules in the otic processes [21]. earlystagesoftheexistenceoftheUniverse) In the course of scanning electron mi- and the transfer of life in space (the theory croscopy-based micropaleontological studies of of panspermia), as well as the diversity of mi- the Orgueil, Murchison, Aguas Zarcas, Sutter’s crofossils in carbonaceous chondrites and the Mill, and other meteorites, various microfossils problem of contamination, have been consid- have been found on fresh cleavages (Fig. 6). ered [22, 23]. CONFERENCES AND EDUCATION In 2020, the Laboratory’s staff participated 40 students and seven postgraduates. Four in ten online scientific conferences. students successfully completed their education Academic activity has continued at the De- programs and got their Master’s degrees in partment of Biophysics, Dubna State University. physics. The Department’s current enrollment includes REFERENCES 1. Patera V., Prezado Y., Azaiez F., Battis- pair Foci and Clusters Detected along Particle toni G., Bettoni D., Bugay A., Cuttone G., Damage Tracks // Front. Phys. 2020. V. 8. Dauvergne D., de France G., Graeff C., P. 578662. Haberer T., Inaniwa T., Incerti S., Nasono- 3. Shamina D., Boreyko A., Zadneprianetc M., vaE.,NavinA.,PulliaM.,RossiS.,Van- Hramco T., Krupnova M., Kulikova E., devoorde C., Durante M. Biomedical Research Pavlova A., Smirnova E., Filatova A. The Programs at Present and Future High-Energy Complexity of Clustered DNA DSBs in Hu- Particle Accelerators // Front. Phys. 2020. man Fibroblasts under the Action of Low V. 8. P. 380. and High-LET Radiation // AIP Conf. Proc. 2. Hausmann M., Neitzel C., Bobkova E., (in press). Nagel D., Hofmann A., Chramko T., Smir- 4. Khramko T. S., Boreyko A. V., Krasavin E. A., nova E., Kopecnˇ aO.,Pag´ a´covˇ aE.,Bo-´ Krupnova M. E., Pavlova A. S., Smirno- reyko A., Krasavin E., Falkova I., Heer- va E. V., Filatova A. S., Vasilyeva L. A. In- mannD.W.,PilarczykG.,HildenbrandG., duction and Repair of DNA Double-Strand Bestvater F., Falk M. Single Molecule Lo- Breaks in a Primary Culture of Rat Hippocam- calization Microscopy Analyses of DNA-Re- pal Cells after Exposure to 60Co γ Rays and 156 Accelerated Protons // Part. Nucl., Lett. 2021 14. Timoshenko G. N., Gordeev I. S. Simulation of (in press) (in Russian). Radiation Field inside Interplanetary Space- 5. KowalskaA.,NasonovaE.,CzerskiK.,Ku- craft // J. Astrophys. Astron. 2020. V. 41. tsalo P. Initial Radiation DNA Damage Ob- P. 5. served in Prematurely Condensed Chromo- 15. Timoshenko G. N., Gordeev I. S. Estimation of somes of G2-Phase Human Lymphocytes and the Astronaut’s Doses inside the Spacecraft Analytical Model of Ion Tracks // Eur. Phys. Habitable Module in Deep Space // Phys. J. D. 2020. V. 74. P. 17. Part. Nucl. 2020. V. 51, No. 5. P. 988–993. 6. Czerski K., Kowalska A., Nasonova E., 16. Abdullaev S., Bulanova T., Gaziev A., Timo- Kutsalo P., Krasavin E. Modeling of Chromo- shenko G. Increase of mtDNA and Its Mu- some Aberration Response Functions Induced tant Copies in Rat Brain after Exposure to by Particle Beams with Different LET // Ra- 150 MeV Protons // Mol. Biol. Rep. 2020. diat. Environ. Biophys. 2020. V. 59. P. 79–87. V. 47, No. 6. P. 4815–4820; https://doi.org/ 7. Pereira W., Kowalska A., Czerski K., Na- 10.1007/s11033-020-05491-7. sonova E., Kutsalo P., Valerievich L. E. De- 17. Ivanov A. A., Krylov A. R., Molokanov A. G., viation from Poisson Statistics Observed in Вushmanov A. Yu., Samoylov A. S., Pav- Chromosome Aberrations Induced by 252Cf lik E. E., Mytsin G. V., Shvidky S. V., Timo- Neutrons // Acta Phys. Polon. 2020. V. 51, shenko G. N. Modeling of Laboratory Animals No. 3. P. 881–886. Exposure Conditions behind Local Concrete 8. Stemberg A. S., Klotz I. N., Belyaeva A. G., Shielding Bombarded by 650-MeV Protons // Blokhina T. M., Yashkina E. I., Osipov A. N., Med. radiologiya i radiat. bezopasnost. 2020. Bazyan A. S., Kudrin V. S., Perevezen- V. 65, No. 5. P. 77–86 (in Russian). tsev A. A., Koshlan N. A., Bogdanova Yu. V., 18. Timoshenko G. N., Gordeev I. S. Forecast- Koshlan I. V., Timoshenko G. N., Lapin B. A. ing Radiation Environment around the NICA Hematologic, Biochemical, and Molecular Ef- Booster // Phys. Part. Nucl. Lett. 2020. fects of Monkey Head Irradiation with High- V. 17, No. 3. P. 379–388. Energy Krypton Nuclei // Aviakosm. i ekol. 19. Timoshenko G. N., Krylov V. A., Pavlik E. E. meditsina. 2020. V. 54, No. 1. P. 38–45 (in Calibration of a Multisphere Neutron Spec- Russian). trometer in Open Geometry. JINR Preprint 9. Koltovaya N. A., Zhuchkina N. I., Dusha- P16-2020-12. Dubna, 2020 (in Russian). nov E. B. Distribution of Mutations in the 20. Mitrofanov I. G. et al. Gamma Spectrometry Molecule of the Yeast Arginine Permease of Composite Models of Planetary Matter at CAN1 Protein // Aktual’nyye voprosy biol. the JINR’s Accelerator Proton Beam Using fiziki i khimii. 2020. V. 5, No. 4. P. 644–651 the Tagged Proton Method // Phys. Part. (in Russian). Nucl. Lett. 2020. V. 17, No. 3. P. 348–357. 10. Severyukhin Yu. S., Lalkovicovˇ aM.,Koles-´ 21. Bizzarri B. M., Manini P., Lino V., Ischia M., nikova I. A., Utina D. M., Lyakhova K. N., Kapralov M. I., Krasavin E. A., Mrazikova K., Gaevsky V. N. The Effect of Piracetam on Be- Sponer J., Sponer E., Di Mauro E., Sal- havioral Reactions of Adult Rats and Morpho- adino S. High-Energy Proton-Beam-Induced logical Changes in the Brain after Whole Body Polymerization/Oxygenation of Hydroxynaph- Fractionated Gamma Irradiation — An Ex- thalenes on Meteorites and Nitrogen Tran- ploratory Study // Radiat. Environ. Biophys. sfer from Urea: Modeling Insoluble Organic 2020. V. 60, No. 1. P. 73–86; doi: 10.1007/ Matter? // Chem. Eur. J. 2020. V. 26. s00411-020-00886-3. P. 14919–14928. 11. BatmunkhM.,BayarchimegL.,BugayA.N., 22. Rozanov A. Yu., Hoover R. B., Krasavin E. A., Lkhagva O. Computer Simulation of Radiation Samylina O. S., Ryumin A. K., Kapralov M. I., Damage Mechanisms in the Structure of Brain Saprykin E. A., Afanasyeva A. N. An Atlas Cells // AIP Conf. Proc. (in press). of Microfossils in the Orgueil Meteorite / 12. Koltovaya N. A. Simulation of a Mutant Form Ed.-in-Chief A. Yu. Rozanov, M.: Paleontol. of Human Inosine Triphosphate Pyrophospho- Inst., Russ. Acad. Sci., 2020. 130 p. (in hydrolase P32T-ITPA and Its Potential Regu- Russian and English). latory Chemical Modifications // Aktual’nyye 23. Rozanov A. Yu., Hoover R., Ryumin A. K., voprosy biol. fiziki i khimii. 2020. V. 5, No. 4. Saprykin E. A., Kapralov M. I., Afanasye- P. 637–643 (in Russian). va A. N. New Finds of Microfossils in the 13. Timoshenko G. N., Gordeev I. S. Calculation oftheLinearEnergyTransferDistribution Orgueil Meteorite // Paleontol. Zhurn. (in in Radiobiological Experiments at the U400M press); doi: 10.31857/S0031031X21010116 Cyclotron // Phys. Part. Nucl. Lett. 2020. (in Russian). V. 17, No. 7. P. 951–957. 157 In 2020, all training at the JINR UC was with the main areas of the Institute research, mainly carried out remotely both due to the helps to find a scientific supervisor for one’s COVID-19 prevention measures introduced in thesis, as well as raises chances of participants Russia and worldwide and so as to follow the to get selected for JINR onsite internships in JINR Order on the suspension of all educational the future. Each stage of the Programme called events. Wavelastsfor4–6weeksgivenforremote implementation of projects developed by the In- JINR-Based Education. In 2020, the edu- stitute staff members. The event programme cational process for BSc’s, MSc’s, and PhD’s of includes an introductory lecture and optional the JINR-based departments of Russian techni- online tours to the Institute laboratories. Ac- cal universities was organized online. tive work is underway to improve the website Over 2020, 23 applicants from Belarus, http://interest.jinr.ru and attract project super- Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, Ukraine, visors who could develop new projects to be and Vietnam were attached to JINR to pre- implemented online. pare their PhD theses without studying at PhD Wave 1 was attended by 24 students from courses. Out of 23, 8 students chose the spe- Egypt, India, Cuba, Poland, Russia, Romania, cialty “Physics of charged particle beams and Uzbekistan, France, and the Czech Republic. accelerator technology”; 6 students — “Physics The projects for the participants were offered by of the atomic nucleus and elementary particles”. the staff members of BLTP, VBLHEP, FLNR, The distribution of applicants by laboratories is FLNP, LIT, and DLNP. as follows: VBLHEP — 8 people, DLNP — 5, Twenty-six students from Belarus, Brazil, FLNP — 4, FLNR — 3, BLTP — 2, LIT — 1. Great Britain, Egypt, India, China, Mexico, Po- Laboratory works developed by the UC Sci- land, Russia, Romania, Uzbekistan, and Ukraine entific and Engineering Group for undergraduate took part in Wave 2 of the Programme. Par- and postgraduate students from the JINR Mem- ticipants included students who had previously ber States, as well as for school students, are participated in the Summer Student Programme available on the UC website (uc.jinr.ru), now and International Student Practice. Students also in English. were offered 18 projects, for which 103 appli- New All-Year-Round Programme cations from 43 people had been received. The INTEREST. The onsite format of participation rules allow students to participate in the Pro- in JINR student events became temporarily gramme more than once, provided they choose impossible — the International Student Practice another project, the research area of which cor- did not take place, and the participants of the responds to their field of interest. Three partici- Summer Student Programme approved by the pants used this opportunity. Organizing Committee in 2020 were invited to Wave 3 of INTEREST was scheduled for come to JINR in 2021. February 2021. However, in September 2020, a new all-year- The new online student programme round programme INTEREST (INTErnational INTEREST was presented at the regular REmote Student Training) was launched by the 19th session of the RSA–JINR Joint Coordi- JINR UC. It allows students to get acquainted nating Committee, as well as on the virtual 158 platform of the second Russian–German scien- As before, excursions are aimed at school tific and educational virtual exhibition organized and university students, as well as mentors of in the fall of 2020 within the framework of science clubs. This allows the target audience the Russian–German Year of Scientific and not only to learn important scientific news but Educational Partnerships 2018–2020. also to see the facilities, the access to which is JINR–RSA School at iThemba LABS. restricted most of the time. On 9–30 January 2020, representatives of In 2020, filming and editing the video tours JINR took part in the second JINR–RSA to the following basic facilities of the JINR SAINTS@tlabs Physics Summer School hosted Laboratories were completed: • by iThemba LABS. Eight employees of BLTP, LRB Sector of Radiation Physiology; • VBLHEP, DLNP, and UC delivered lectures on LRB Martian soil pavilion; • the JINR fields of research and gave master VBLHEP Superconducting Magnets Hall; • classes. The School was organized by the South- LIT Computing Center; • ern African Institute for Nuclear Technology FLNP REGATA facility; • and Sciences. Thirty-two undergraduate and FLNR (in English). postgraduate students from 13 South African Social Networks. The UC Social Commu- universities were selected from 66 applicants. nications Group continues to post JINR news Events. The JINR University Centre promo- on Vkontakte, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter. In tes science by drawing attention to the work of order to raise interest in science and increase the scientists and demonstrating the results of the awareness of the target audience of the oppor- Institute research. tunities to start a scientific career at JINR, the The UC Social Communications Group rep- JINR UC youth information channel “Dubnium” resented JINR at various outreach events for is available. school and university students and a wider au- Among the significant events, it is worth dience of different ages and occupations: mentioning: rebroadcasting of live streams of • Forum “Start of a Career” at NRNU the Nuclear Physics Week as part of the Samara MEPhI (7–8 April); regional platform of the 15th All-Russian Sci- • MIPTjobfairheldonline(4–6June); ence Festival; rebroadcasting of lectures from • Science and Technology Festival “Geek the forum “Start of a Career: Autumn” by Picnic” (27 July, 6–8 August); NRNU MEPhI; a short video review of the • The 5th Summer School “Physics. Math- JINR exhibition stand at the 10th annual “Geek ematics. Informatics” for high-school students Picnic” festival, and broadcasting of the online held at Dubna State University (5–30 July); excursion (in English) to the Flerov Labora- • Science Festival NAUKA 0+ in Samara; tory of Nuclear Reactions for 125 participants online week “Physics of the Nucleus” of the Governor’s School for the Sciences and (21–26 September); Engineering (GSSE) held at the University of • Science Festival NAUKA 0+ in Moscow, Tennessee (Knoxville, USA). “Expocenter” (10–11 October), online lectures In 2020, 19 videos were made and uploaded from the MSU Library (10–11 and 17–18 Octo- to the “Dubnium” sites by the efforts of the UC ber); Social Communications Group. • MIPT “Career Day” (30 October – 2 No- Development of Brochures and Informat- vember); ion Materials. Updating visual materials about • Open Day at Dubna State University the Institute is always relevant. To popularize (7–8 November); fundamental and applied research, achievements • Forum “Start of a Career: Autumn” at and discoveries of JINR in 2020, the following NRNU MEPhI (9–13 November). materials were developed and printed: • Live Streaming — Online Excursions. brochure about JINR for students (in Rus- Due to the new online format, the scenario of sian); • online excursions launched by the UC last year JINR banner with the dates of world-scale hadtobeupdatedinordertocreateimmersive discoveries made at JINR; • virtual tours. Video excursions were made from motivational videos for students and gradu- the video footage filmed at the JINR Laborato- ates of science and engineering faculties on how ries. After the excursions participants viewed to start a career at JINR (in Russian). the video materials, the researchers of the Insti- Development of the Content for the JINR tute answered the questions of the audience in Outdoor Interactive Digital Billboard. At the real time. end of 2020, as part of the all-Institute group, 159 the employees of the UC Social Communica- from Dmitrov, Dolgoprudny, Dubna, Moscow tions Group took part in the development of and 13 mentors. The first half of the day was content for the JINR outdoor interactive digital devoted to a general discussion of the projects billboard. As a result, through joint efforts, performed, the second — to individual work. a 20-minute video was made to be shown to At the final conference, video reports on all Dubna residents during the New Year holidays. conducted studies were presented and discussed. Summer School “Physics. Mathematics. Yandex.Lyceum. The first year of studies Informatics”. On 25–30 July 2020, the V Sum- at the Yandex.Lyceum came to its end. Twen- mer School “Physics. Mathematics. Informa- ty-five students who graduated with good and tics” was held online. Sixty-three school stu- excellent results will start their second year. dents from Volgograd, Yekaterinburg, Krasno- They will continue to learn Python under the dar, Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Tagil, Penza, programme “Basics of Industrial Programming” Ufa, and 20 more Russian cities passed the and implement individual creative projects. Stu- competitive selection in order to take part in it. dents of 8–9 grades, who successfully passed The event programme consisted of popular the entrance tests, began their first-year studies science lectures and teamwork on the projects. in 2020–2021. Classes in Dubna are supported The topics of the projects were developed by by JINR and are held twice a week at the university lecturers, researchers and engineers Flerov Lyceum No.6. Yandex.Lyceum classes of JINR. The participants had to tackle at real are held in more than 160 cities in Russia and professional tasks in electronics, physics, neural Kazakhstan. networks, and programming. Interschool Phys&Maths Open Class- JINR and Dubna State University support room. In 2020/21, the Interschool Phys&Maths talented school students who further on will be Open Classroom offered school students of able to study the unique curricula of the Inter- 10–11 grades classes in experimental physics national School of Engineering and the School and preparation for the Unified State Exam in of Big Data Analytics. Physics. The website teachers.jinr.ru, which coordi- The winners and prize-winners of the nates the organisation of programmes for teach- XXVIII Open Olympiad in Physics and Mathe- ers and school students and is used by thousands matics for students of 6–7 grades organized by of teachers from theJINR Member States, is the Interschool Phys&Maths Open Classroom currently being upgraded. An extensive archive in September were students of Lyceum No. 6, of presentations and videos accumulated over 10 Gymnasium No. 11, and School No. 9. years of running scientific schools for teachers will be restructured. This will make it easier Lectorium. The year 2020 made changes to find the required materials and will attract to the usual format of JINR UC interactions. new users and participants to the UC teacher For school students, the “live” format of lec- programmes. tures delivered by JINR staff members in the framework of the UC Lectorium was updated Tournament “CyberDubna-2020”. On with online elements. It made it possible to 14–16 February, the IX Open Robotics Tour- attract a new audience not only from Russia but nament “CyberDubna-2020” was held in Dubna. also from other countries. One of the tools for About 80 students of 4–11 grades took part popularizing science and JINR achievements is in the tournament, as well as students of the UC Lectorium for school students “COOL secondary vocational education from Dmitrov, Science — Science at s’COOL”. The Lectorium Dolgoprudny, Dubna, Korolev, Likino-Dulyovo, gives students the opportunity to learn about Protvino, Pushkino, Moscow, St. Petersburg, the advanced scientific and technical discoveries Eldigino and Pravdinsky villages (Pushkino dis- and achievements of JINR first-hand. In 2020, trict of the Moscow Region). within the framework of this project, about Organizers of the tournament were JINR, 400 school students attended 8 lectures by JINR MIPT sports robotics club, Interregional Com- specialists, as well as popular science lectures puter School (Dubna), and “Citadel” Information at the events and festivals for a wider audience. Technology Center (Yakhroma). Visits. In January – March, JINR UC or- International Computer School 2020. On ganized excursions for groups of school and 19 July – 2 August 2020, the 32nd International university students (160 people) from Vladimir, (interregional) Computer School was held on- Vologda, Moscow, Tambov, Pushkino, and Ze- line. The School was attended by 23 students lenograd. 160 Skill Improvement. JINR-based training Online foreign language groups comprised was organized for 10 students of Dubna Univer- 82 JINR employees: English — 57 people, sity College and MRATС. French—9,German—8,Russian—8foreign 108 JINR staff members were trained and specialists. certified by the JINR central qualification com- At the request of DLNP, JINR UC staff members have developed an English course for mission in the basics of fire safety under the the personnel of the DLNP Design Department programme “Basics of fire safety for workers involved in the international collaborations be- performing gas welding and other hot works”. tween JINR and CERN. The course covers Ten staff members responsible for the safe ex- grammar, translation, mastering the necessary ecution of the works related to using lifting minimum of special technical terminology, and devices completed their training. making presentations. JINR is developing as a large multidisciplinary JOI international NT INS TI scientific centre TU T E incorporating F O basic research R N in the field of U C L modern E JINR A R nuclear physics, R E S E A R C development H and application of high technologies, and university education in the relevant fields of knowledge. The Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics. Junior researcher E. Mardyban, a winner of a grant of the President of the Russian Federation in 2021–2023 for young scientists and graduate students The Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics. The laboratory staff discussing the renormalization group approaches in high energy physics 165 The Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energy Physics. The NICA complex construction site Dubna, 24–26 February. The first meeting of the NICA Cost and Schedule Review Committee 166 Dubna, 29 July. The 5th meeting of the Supervisory Board of the NICA Complex project via videoconference Dubna, 15 September. The opening of the SPD Days in Dubna via videoconference 167 The Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energy Physics. A general view of the automated stand for testing the time projection chamber of the MPD facility The Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energy Physics, July. Participants of the assembling of the MPD detector magnet 168 Dubna, 6 November. The superconducting magnet for the MPD detector has been delivered to the construction site of the NICA project 169 The Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energy Physics. The assembling of the electrostatic septum of the system of beam injection into the NICA collider Booster The Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energy Physics, 30 December. Part of the team of the accelerator department on the day of completing the launch session of the NICA Booster 170 The Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energy Physics, 20 November. Prime Minister of the Russian Federation M. Mishustin launched the Booster The Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energy Physics. The Booster of the NICA collider and a diagram of the beam circulation 171 Lake Baikal (Russia). Mounting the central part of the new, seventh cluster of the telescope Baikal-GVD Participants of the 2020 expedition to develop the deep-water neutrino telescope Baikal-GVD (photo by B. Shajbonov) 172 Dubna, October. Photo exhibition “Baikal. Neutrino Hunters”. The author of photos is B. Shajbonov, a participant of the Baikal international collaboration The Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems. Setting up sequencing reactions to determine the DNA sequence of the 16S RNA gene in new extremophilic species of microorganisms found in the underground hot spring of the Baksan Neutrino Observatory 173 The Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems. The Precision Laser Inclinometer (PLI) —― an innovative device for measuring the inclinations of the Earth surface in time with a sensitivity of 2.4 ― ∙ 10–11 rad/Hz1/2 in the frequency range of 10–3― – 12.3 Hz. The PLI is currently used at the VIRGO interferometric gravity antenna and at the LHC The Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems. Preparation of the read-out panel before the assembling of the Micromegas detector for the ATLAS experiment 174 Dubna, 29 January. Chairman of the Presidium of the Far East Branch of RAS Academician V. Sergienko on a visit to JINR. The meeting with FLNR Scientific Leader Academician Yu. Oganessian Dubna, 15 July. Vice-Rector of MIPT and Acting Director of the Landau Phystech School A. Voronov (centre) on an excursion at the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions 175 The Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions. A scientific seminar of Academician of RAS Yu. Oganessian The Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions. The transmission electron microscope Talos F200i for the study of radiation effects in solids and nanotechnological applications 176 The Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions. The installation and testing of the assembly of semiconductor detectors for GFS-2 The Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions. Measurement of photoluminescence spectra of samples of LiF and Al2O3 crystals after heavy-ion irradiation 177 The monument to I. Frank and F. Shapiro near the administration building of the Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics 178 The Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, 23 June. The all-laboratory memorial seminar “The 60th Anniversary of the IBR Reactor Start-Up” Dubna, 5 February. Counsellor of the Embassy of the Republic of India in RF Dr Sh. Shrotriya (2nd from left) on an excursion to FLNP during his visit to JINR 179 The Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, 21 September. The participants of the scientific seminar with leading employees of the Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology A. Oganov and D. Semenok Dubna, 22–23 September. Representatives of the Rosatom State Corporation on an excursion to the Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics during their visit to JINR 180 The Laboratory of Information Technologies, 16 September. The scientific and memorial seminar dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of N. Govorun 181 Dubna, 14 October. A presentation of classrooms of the IT School in the Dubna State University to train specialists in the field of information technologies and for megascience projects of JINR The Laboratory of Information Technologies. The assembly operations on the “Govorun” supercomputer 182 The Laboratory of Radiation Biology. Analysis of chromosome The Laboratory of Radiation Biology. aberrations using the mFISH method A stand for studies of the petrified microorganisms in meteorites The Laboratory of Radiation Biology. Carrying out the histological studies 183 Lipnya Island, 24–26 July. XXIV Summer School for Young Scientists and Specialists (Lipnya-2020) Johannesburg (RSA), 9–30 January. Participants of the second JINR–RSA School Moscow, October. The JINR stand at the jubilee All-Russian Science Festival NAUKA 0+ 2020 JOI NT INS TI TU T E F O R N CENTRAL SERVICES U C L E JINR A R R E S E A R C H In 2020, the Publishing Department issued clei, Letters”) that included 150 papers were 43 titles of publications and 35 titles of official published. Issue 4 comprises the Proceedings documents. of the XIII International Scientific Workshop on The Proceedings of the XXVII International Problems of Charged Particle Accelerators in Seminar on Interaction of Neutrons with Nu- Memory of Professor V. P. Sarantsev (Alushta, clei (ISINN-27) (Dubna, 10–14 June 2019), Crimea, Russia, 3–8 September 2019). the Proceedings of the student poster session The information bulletin “JINR News” was of the VIII International Pontecorvo Neutrino continuedtobepublishedinRussianandEn- Physics School (Sinaia, Romania, 1–10 Septem- glish. ber 2019) and the Book of Abstracts of the Fifty issues of the JINR weekly newspaper international conference “Condensed Matter Re- “Dubna: Science, Cooperation, Progress” were search at the IBR-2” (Dubna, 12–16 October published in 2020. A series of booklets “Library 2020) were issued. The JINR Annual Report for of Weekly Newspaper ‘Dubna’ ” was started. the year 2019 (Russian and English versions) Two booklets were issued: “Discovery of Anti- and the JINR Long-Term Development Strategy sigma-Minus Hyperon” by A. A. Kuznetsov and up to 2030 and beyond (in English) were pub- “A. A. Tyapkin: ‘Through the Iron Curtain’. lished. From the History of International Cooperation”. Among the publications issued in 2020 are In the framework of exchange of scientific the collection “Articles on Modern Particle Phy- publications, the organizations in over 40 coun- sics”editedbyV.A.MatveevandI.A.Golutvin, tries of the world that cooperate with JINR the second edition of the book of memories received the following JINR publications: JINR “F. L. Shapiro: A Scientist and a Man”, the preprints and communications, the information book “Vadim Vasilievich Volkov: Warrior. Cit- izen. Scientist” edited by Yu. Ts. Oganessian bulletin “JINR News”, JINR Annual Reports, and S.N.Dmitriev, the book by Yu.E.Penion- the journals “Particles and Nuclei” and “Parti- zhkevich and E. M. Molchanov “Exotic People cles and Nuclei, Letters”. and Nuclei. EXON: 30 Years of History”, and The Publishing Department forwarded a booklet by Yu.A.Shitov, V.B.Brudanin and 62 papers and reports on the results of re- M. V. Fomina “Amazing Neutrino Transforma- search conducted by JINR scientists to the edi- tions”. torial boards of journals, to various conferences, In 2020, six issues of the journal “Physics symposia, meetings and schools held both in of Elementary Particles and Atomic Nuclei” the JINR Member States and in other coun- (brief name “Particles and Nuclei”) that in- tries. Papers by JINR staff members were cluded 125 papers came out. Issue 4 com- submitted to the journals “Nuclear Physics”, prises the Proceedings of the international Bo- “Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: golyubov conference “Problems of Theoretical Physics”, “Instruments and Experimental Tech- and Mathematical Physics” (Moscow–Dubna, niques”, “Nuclear Physics and Engineering”, 9–13 September 2019). Seven issues of the jour- “Crystallography”, “Journal of Surface Investi- nal “Physics of Elementary Particles and Atomic gation. X-Ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Tech- Nuclei, Letters” (brief name “Particles and Nu- niques”, and other periodicals. 187 To keep readers of the Science and Tech- At the request of the laboratories and other nology Library (STL) timely informed about departments of JINR, the Publishing Depart- new publications received, express bulletins of ment performed binding services and photocopy- STL are issued by the Publishing Department. ing of scientific-technical and engineering-de- “The Bibliographic Index of Papers Published sign documentation. Over 118 thousand various by JINR Staff Members in 2019” was issued. forms were printed. Publication of express bulletins of the Licens- The printing equipment base was updated. ing and Intellectual Property Department was The book sewer SMYTH FX-30, which allows continued. The Publishing Department contin- for high durability of issued publications, was ued uploading the periodical and nonperiodical put into operation. The following new equipment publications issued at JINR in the database was purchased: the ROWE engineering sys- of the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) tem for photocopying and printing large-format on the platform of Scientific Electronic Lib- documents, Es-Te Fold 3000 folder, as well as rary. monochrome and color A3 MFP. 188 In 2020, the JINR Science and Technology lished by the JINR Publishing Department. Library (STL) rendered services to 2000 read- The Index is available on the library web- ers. An electronic loan system has been imple- site in the section “Services” http://lib.jinr.ru/ mented. 2700 copies of publications were given buk/2016/bibl_uk.php. One biobibliographic in- out. As of 1 January 2021, the library stock dex has been prepared. The database of papers amounted to 430 465 copies, 194 686 of them of JINR scientists is Internet accessible. being in foreign languages. 138 publications 2400 JINR preprints and communications ordered by readers were received via the inter- have been scanned and added to the electronic library loan system. 141 requests from other catalogue. libraries were completed. On the whole, the The STL received 109 titles of periodicals. library received 1640 copies of books, period- DuetotheLibrarysubscriptiontotheforeign icals, preprints and theses from all acquisition journals, JINR scientists have access to full-text sources, including 631 publications in foreign electronic versions of these journals. languages. All the new publications were reg- Scientific Electronic Library is used by the istered in the central catalogues, branch cat- readers very actively. The total number of re- alogues and in the information system “Ab- quests to the electronic journal versions through sotheque”. Scientific Electronic Library and sites of foreign 128 issues of the express bulletins “Books”, publishing houses was 150 000. Due to the “Articles”, “Preprints” were published includ- national electronic subscription of the RFBR, ing 6749 titles. Electronic versions of the JINR scientists are provided with the electronic bulletins are distributed among 100 addresses access to the full-text versions of journals of the via e-mail. Subscription is available via the following publishing houses: Elsevier, Springer, scientific library web site in the section “Ser- American Physical Society, American Institute vices” http://lib.jinr.ru/ntb_mail/newslist.html. of Physics, Wiley, IEEE Digital Library as well The exhibitions of new acquisitions of books, as journals “Nature”, “Science” and information preprints, periodicals and theses were arranged retrieval databases Web of Science, MathSciNet regularly, where 1263 publications were dis- and Scopus. played. Five topical exhibitions were organized. Within the framework of the project “His- The electronic catalogues of books, journals, tory of JINR and Dubna in Books, Jour- articles, preprints and theses are accessible nals and Central Newspapers”, 76 new bibli- in Internet at the address: http://lib.jinr.ru: ographic records have been introduced. The 80http://lib.jinr.ru:8080/OpacUnicode/80/Opac information system “Literature about JINR Unicode. The total number of requests to Scientists” (959 records) was put into ser- the electronic catalogues was 15 500. In the vice which is available on the page of the electronic catalogue in the personal account the site of JINR STL “Publications about JINR” readers can order requested literature and look http://who-is-who.jinr.ru/catalog3/main.html. through their reader’s register forms. In 2020, in exchange for JINR publications “The Bibliographic Index of Papers Publi- printed by the JINR Publishing Department, the shed by JINR Staff Members in 2019” (1554 ti- Library received 294 publications from 13 coun- tles) was prepared by the JINR STL and pub- tries. Among them 27 issues were from Russia, 189 13 from Romania, 5 rom Ukraine, 35 from coauthors from other countries with the usage Moldova, 149 from Germany, 8 from France, of Web of Science, Scopus, RSCI have been 19 from Japan, and 12 from CERN. prepared. In 2020, within the framework of the in- Bibliometric Factors of Publication Ac- formation system “Absotheque”, the input of tivity of JINR Staff Members (by Web of documents to electronic catalogue was for: Science Database on 29.01.2021) books — 215 titles, journals — 1307 numbers, JINR publication statistics in 2020 was as preprints — 3014 titles, theses and author’s follows: abstracts — 60 titles, book articles – 371 titles, • Total number of publications: 1 260; and journal articles — 6698 titles. • Total number of citations: 1 424; As of 1 January 2021, the total number of • Excluding self-citations: 1 084; records in the information system “Absotheque” • Average citations per article: 1.13; was 318 579. • h-index: 12. On requirements of the JINR Directorate, Joint publications of JINR authors and auth- briefing notes and statistics of indicators of pub- ors from different countries are presented in lications activity of JINR scientists and their Tables 1–3. Table 1. Joint publications with Table 3. Joint publications with authors from other states authors from JINR Member and regions States ∗ Number of ∗ State / Region State / Region Number of State ∗ Number of publications publications publications USA 385 Israel 91 Armenia 201 France 341 Ecuador 90 Azerbaijan 160 China 315 Lithuania 90 Belarus 209 England 308 Estonia 89 Bulgaria 183 Switzerland 290 Ireland 89 Cuba 46 Turkey 257 Malaysia 89 Czech Republic 315 Brazil 245 Latvia 88 Georgia 170 India 234 New Zealand 88 Kazakhstan 81 Austria 224 Qatar 88 Moldova 21 Spain 220 Argentina 79 Mongolia 51 Greece 215 Slovenia 78 Poland 362 Japan 191 Morocco 75 Romania 222 Taiwan 188 Sri Lanka 72 Slovakia 185 Portugal 187 UAE 71 Ukraine 203 Sweden 181 Montenegro 65 Uzbekistan 28 Australia 175 Palestine 46 Vietnam 32 Pakistan 170 Indonesia 43 Colombia 168 Peru 43 ∗ In alphabetical order. Netherlands 168 Saudi Arabia 30 South Korea 158 Venezuela 10 Croatia 152 Tajikistan 9 Finland 148 Algeria 3 Table 2. Joint publications with Mexico 139 Wales 3 authors from JINR Associate Members Norway 137 Lebanon 2 Thailand 135 Uganda 2 ∗ Denmark 122 Bangladesh 1 State Number of publications Canada 113 Botswana 1 Egypt 122 Belgium 112 Cameroon 1 Germany 451 Scotland 101 Iraq 1 Hungary 243 Iran 94 Laos 1 Italy 369 Chile 93 Nepal 1 Serbia 180 Cyprus 93 North Macedonia 1 South Africa 144 Uruguay 1 ∗ ∗ In alphabetical order. Inorderofdecreasingnumberofpublications. 190 In 2020, the activities of the Licensing and — “Method for prediction of risk of de- Intellectual Property Department (LIPD) were veloping diseases associated with level of im- conducted in the following areas. munoglobulin E (IgE) in human blood serum” by A. Ivanova, A. Rusakovich, E. Kravchenko; Industrial Intellectual Property Protec- — “Solid-state capacitor-ionistor with dielec- tion. In this area, in cooperation with the tric layer made of dielectric nanopowder” by Federal Institute of Industrial Property (FIIP) A. Doroshkevich, A. Shilo, T. Zelenyak, T. Kon- of the Federal Service of the Russian Federa- stantinova, A. Lyubchik, A. Tatarinova, E. Gridi- tion for Intellectual Property (Rospatent), work na, N. Doroshkevich; was done on applications for JINR patents that — “Device for measuring angles of inclina- had undergone the formal FIIP expertise of tion of surface” by Yu. Budagov, M. Lyablin; Rospatent in 2018–2020. Arrangements were — “Device for resonance charge of capacitor” done; changes, alterations and clarifications by S. Dolya, V. Smirnov. were agreed upon and included in the appli- Three computer programs were registered in cation documents according to the comments Rospatent: rendered by FIIP experts. Expert evaluation — “Structural nanopowders analyzer based on small-angle scattering data” by A. Nezvanov; was conducted for a number of project elabo- — “Control system of the cryogenic modera- rations of JINR staff members for the purpose tor of the IBR-2 reactor” by T. Petukhova; of patentability, which included objects of le- — “Program of adjusting neutron reectome- gal protection and their classification according ters ICE” by A. Kirilov, I. Gapon. to the International Patent Classification (IPC); In 2020, 80 JINR patents were supported. analogues and prototypes were searched. Re- ports on patent studies were prepared jointly Patents and Information. In 2020, 36 is- with laboratory staff; for nine elaborations, in sues of the bulletin “Inventions. Utility Models” collaboration with the authors, packages of sub- of the federal state institution “Federal Institute mission documents were prepared and forwarded of Industrial Property” were received at JINR. to RF Rospatent for patents on inventions: The information published in the bulletin was —“Gas-filleddetectorforsmall-anglescat- processed according to JINR topics. The pro- tering of thermal neutrons” by A. Bogdzel, cessing results were presented in 12 issues of V. Milkov, Ts. Panteleev; the LIPD bulletins “Patents”, which were sent — “Hybrid pixel detector of ionizing radia- to subscribers of the Institute in both electronic tions” by D. Kozhevnikov, G. Shelkov, P. Smo- and paper format. The electronic database of lyanskij; LIPD bulletins is also available on the depart- — “Method of forming equilibrium trajecto- ment website (https://oliis.jinr.ru/). ries of particles in a cyclic accelerator with a Information lists of LIPD are produced on constant radius of an orbit” by G. Dolbilov; obtaining new patents by the Institute and — “Induction synchrotron magnetic sys- state registration of objects of industrial intel- tem with magnetic field constant in time” by lectual property. This information is regularly G. Dolbilov; included in the chapter “Patents” on the JINR 191 website (http://www.jinr.ru/posts/category/ The database and automatic search for NDs, patents-ru/). The LIPD page on the JINR which is in the collection of the LIPD library, website is updated. was updated. The access is supported to the database of the standards library that contains Standardization. Standard library was sup- about 11 600 positions on the LIPD internet plemented: 21 new intergovernmental and state page. RF standard documents, 12 GOST directories “The Index of Norm Acts and Norm Docu- and standard information directories for 2020; ments Used by the Joint Institute for Nuclear directories of national standards and techni- Research to Exercise Activities in Use of Atomic cal conditions, guidelines, recommendations and Energy” (JINR Index AE-2017) was updated as regulations issued in 2020. Twenty-five alter- of 1 January 2021. The current version is posted ations were introduced in relevant documents of on the LIPD site. the standard library files and subscribers’ copies Information on technical regulations in force on the basis of these norm documents (NDs). in Russia, intergovernmental standard doc- Thirteen GOST official copies were distributed uments (GOST), Russian National Standard in departments for permanent use. Information (GOST R) and other regulatory and technical about new NDs and alterations in them was documentation in force at the Joint Institute for regularly distributed to departments. Nuclear Research were updated as of 2020. 2020 JOI NT INS TI TU T E F O R N ADMINISTRATIVE U C L E JINR A ACTIVITIES R R E S E A R C H Execution of the JINR budget in 2020 in incomings in total 221.3 million US dollars Execution of the JINR budget in 2020 in expenditure in total 204.1 million US dollars Scale (in %) of contributions of JINR Member States in 2020 State % State % Republic of Armenia 0.13 Republic of Moldova 0.07 Republic of Azerbaijan 0.35 Mongolia 0.09 Republic of Belarus 0.83 Republic of Poland 5.01 Republic of Bulgaria 0.80 Romania 1.69 Republic of Cuba 0.64 Russian Federation 80.86 Czech Republic 2.73 Slovak Republic 1.59 Georgia 0.16 Ukraine 1.72 Republic of Kazakhstan 1.51 Republic of Uzbekistan 0.58 Democratic People’s Republic 0.25 Socialist Republic 0.99 of Korea of Vietnam Total: 100.00 195 As of 1 January 2021, the total number robinsky, G. Shirkov; Members of other state of the staff members at the Joint Institute for Academies of Sciences I. Zvara, G. Zinoviev, Nuclear Research was 5215. B. Yuldashev, O. Chuluunbaatar; 50 Professors, Working at JINR are: RAS Academicians 26 Assistant Professors, 236 Doctors of Science, V. Matveev, I. Meshkov, Yu. Oganessian, M. Os- and 620 Candidates of Science. trovsky, G. Trubnikov, B. Sharkov; RAS Cor- In 2020, 372 people were employed and 333 responding Members V. Aksenov, L. Grigorenko, people were discharged because of engagement D. Kazakov, V. Kekelidze, E. Krasavin, A. Sta- period expiry and for other reasons. AWA R D S For the services for JINR and international orary Diploma was awarded to 5 staff members; cooperation the Honorary Diploma of RAS was the JINR Honorary Certificate was awarded awarded to 1 staff member; the Honorary to 7 staff members; the title “Honorary JINR Diploma of the Mayor of the Dubna city was Staff Member” was conferred on 1 staff mem- awarded to 7 staff members; the JINR Hon- ber. JOI NT INS TI TU T E F O R N U C L E A JINR R R E S E A R C H DUBNA Responsible for the preparation of the Annual Report: B. Starchenko The Annual Report was prepared by A. Andreev N. Boklagova A. Cheplakov D. Chudoba O. Derenovskaya S. Dotsenko N. Golovkov E. Ivanova A. Karpov I. Koshlan S. Pakuliak A. Shabashova I. Shcherbakova Yu. Shimanskaya I. Titkova L. Tyutyunnikova A. Vasiliev Yu. Zolina Translation by E. Asanova T. Avdeeva S. Chubakova I. Kronshtadtova M. Potapov L. Ramzdorf Yu. Rybachuk G. Sandukovskaya S. Savinykh Design by Yu. Meshenkov Photography by I. Lapenko E. Puzynina Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. 2020 Annual Report 2021-10 Редакторы: Е. И. Кравченко, Е. И. Крупко Технический редактор Е. Н. Водоватова Корректор Т. Е. Попеко Подписано в печать 18.05.2021. Формат 60ґ84/8. Печать цифровая. Усл. печ. л. 22,90. Уч.-изд. л. 25,58. Тираж 180 экз. Заказ № 60144. Издательский отдел Объединенного института ядерных исследований 141980, г. Дубна, Московская обл., ул. Жолио-Кюри, 6. E-mail: [email protected] www.jinr.ru/publish/