Aerospace World

By Suzann Chapman, Managing Editor

Enduring Freedom Rolls On The war on terrorists in Afghani- stan is still being fought but has now taken a different direction, stated Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld. “The campaign continues without pause,” he told reporters, adding “although in a somewhat different phase.”

“One does not bomb unless there USAF photo by SSgt. Robert E. Minder is something to bomb,” Rumsfeld said in late December. In the Tora Bora area, for instance, he emphasized it would not be appropriate to bomb the area when coalition forces are “crawl- ing around in caves and tunnels.” They are looking for information, people, and weapons. The searches in Afghanistan have resulted in ar- rests across the world and “undoubt- edly have prevented other terrorist activities,” stated the defense chief. It is also still dangerous, he said. South Carolina members at McEntire ANGS, S.C., ready F-16s “There are pockets of resistance for takeoff to a forward location, from which 169th Fighter Wing pilots, main- throughout the country.” tainers, and support personnel will participate in Enduring Freedom.

DOD Continues Air Strikes Coalition forces identified new tar- gets in late December and early DOD Achieves “Additional” Goal January as the search for remain- The Administration has clearly stated ing Taliban and al Qaeda elements its goals in the war on terror, namely to spread beyond Tora Bora. stop terrorism and the nations that But Where Is He? On Dec. 21, AC-130 gunships and harbor terrorists, emphasized Rums- carrier attacked a con- feld. That includes “al Qaeda but not Asked for the nth time if the voy of about 10 to 12 vehicles and just al Qaeda,” he said. Pentagon knew Osama bin the command-and-control compound In Afghanistan, there was the ad- Laden’s status, whether he from which they had departed near ditional goal of ending the Taliban had escaped to another the town of Khowst, which is south government because of its support country or was dead, Defense and west of Tora Bora. for al Qaeda. Secretary Donald Rumsfeld On Dec. 26, heavy bombers and “We have now achieved that one replied, “We hear six, seven, tactical aircraft attacked another tar- goal,” said Rumsfeld, adding this eight, 10, 12 conflicting get near Ghazni, destroying a com- caution: “We still have the al Qaeda reports every day.” pound that contained Taliban leader- network worldwide to deal with, as ship. well as the other terrorist networks, “I’ve stopped chasing them,” On Dec. 28, air strikes targeted a and we intend to do so.” he added, but couldn’t stop compound near Gardez. The problem does not go away there. In his now famous On Jan. 3, USAF B-1Bs and AC- with the capture or death of Osama acerbic style, Rumsfeld noted 130s and Navy F-18s struck the Zhawar bin Laden, he reminded reporters Dec. on Dec. 27: Kili compound near Khowst again. 27. There are any number of people “We do know, of certain And on Jan. 4, adding B-52s, the who could and would continue to op- knowledge, that he is either in USAF and USN aircraft struck it for at erate the al Qaeda network, said Afghanistan or in some other least the third time. Rumsfeld. country or dead. And we know Air strikes continued against Zha- “Now, clearly it’s our goal to chase of certain knowledge that we war Kili during the second week of them and find them wherever they are.” don’t know which of those January. Air Force F-16s and Navy happens to be the case.” F-14s and F-18s struck the complex, Where Next? which officials called “very, very ex- The Administration has left no doubt tensive.” that the action in Afghanistan is just

12 AIR FORCE Magazine / February 2002 the first military step in the war against terrorism. The next likely target: ter- Bush Announces ABM Treaty Withdrawal rorists bases in Somalia. Defense officials have repeatedly President Bush announced Dec. 13 that he was giving formal notice to Russia stated that the mission in Afghanistan that the US plans to withdraw from the 1972 Anti-ballistic Missile Treaty. is not over, while other Administration In remarks in the Rose Garden, Bush explained, “I have concluded the ABM officials have begun pointing to in- treaty hinders our government’s ability to develop ways to protect our people from creased surveillance over Somalia. future terrorist or rogue state missile attacks.” US intelligence officials said that Bush was referring to the US pursuit of a national missile defense program that aerial reconnaissance flights over the could protect the US from a small number of missiles launched by a rogue state north African nation of Somalia in- or by terrorist organizations. The Pentagon has held up some tests of elements of a proposed system creased the first week of the new because the tests might have violated the ABM treaty. year, reported the Washington Times. Russian President Vladimir Putin, in a television appearance, claimed that the US, British, and French spy aircraft US was wrong to abandon the 30-year-old cornerstone of USÐRussia nuclear were gathering information about al strategy. However, he said that the move would not threaten Russia’s national Qaeda terrorist camps. security. Defense Chief Rumsfeld would not Senior Bush Administration officials have pursued closer relations with the speculate on what other country might Russians for some time. And that, they believe, in addition to the President’s be the next military stop in the anti- budding friendship with Putin, has ensured withdrawal from the treaty would not terror war. He did confirm Jan. 3 that lead to a new arms race. In fact, both leaders have pledged to reduce offensive nuclear arsenals further. intelligence gathering had increased. Bush, in his remarks, said the US had pledged “to reduce our own nuclear On Somalia, he told reporters that arsenal between 1,700 and 2,200 operationally deployed strategic nuclear weap- al Qaeda “go in and out.” ons.” “We know there have been training Putin, in turn, called for a reduction of between 1,500 and 2,200. camps there and that they have been President Bush said the era of the ABM treaty was “a much different time.” He active over the years and that they, noted that the hostility that once led both countries to keep thousands of nuclear like most of them, go inactive when weapons on hair-trigger alert, pointed at each other, no longer exists. people get attentive to them.” “As the events of September the 11th made all too clear, the greatest threats Secretary of State Colin Powell re- to both our countries come not from each other or other big powers in the world,” he said, “but from terrorists who strike without warning or rogue states who seek marked to the Washington Times Jan. weapons of mass destruction.” 8 that the US had told several coun- tries to deny support to terrorists as part of a major diplomatic effort. “And one that immediately comes to mind and that has been mentioned ment some time this decade. A key arrangement that officials say has particularly is Somalia,” Powell stated. question is whether USAF will pur- worked well. sue a replacement of its own rather Pentagon acquisition head Edward USAF Considers New Jammer than continuing the present arrange- C. Aldridge confirmed in late Decem- When the Air Force retired its last ment of joint use of a single plat- ber that the EA-6B has experienced EF-111 Raven aircraft in 1998, the form. cracks in the wing section that have Navy’s EA-6B Prowler became DOD’s The Air Force has been sharing restricted its operation. “We’ve got to sole electronic attack platform. Its jammer crews with the Navy and replace the airplane,” he said. age, though, will force a replace- Marine Corps using the Prowlers, an Aldridge told reporters that a NavyÐ Air Force analysis of alternatives had been completed but is under review by service leadership and would “eventually get up to me.” “There’re a lot of things still to be done,” he added. USAF Chief of Staff John P. Jumper had said earlier that the Air Force has a candidate aircraft to replace the EA- 6B, but he also said the issue is “wide USAF photo by SSgt. S.C. Felde open” to alternative solutions. There are concepts that put jam- ming capability on unmanned ve- hicles. There may also be other av- enues that would enable US forces to penetrate aerial threats. “The whole idea of electronic war- fare has to be folded into this entire notion of information warfare,” Jumper emphasized. “We can’t assume that traditional notions” are the only way to pen- etrate threats, he added.

Local news media in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, on Jan. 9 interview members of the Low Rate Production for JASSM 86th Air Mobility Squadron, part of the 86th Contingency Response Group Pentagon acquisition chief Al- setting up operations for Enduring Freedom. (See news item on p. 16.) dridge cleared the Joint Air-to-Sur-

AIR FORCE Magazine / February 2002 13 Aerospace World face Standoff Missile for low rate initial production on Dec. 21. That will enable the Air Force to place the newest cruise missile on board F-16 and B-52 aircraft by 2003, stated USAF officials. Photo by Phil Kocurek JASSM, a joint Air ForceÐNavy program developed and produced by Lockheed Martin, is a 2,000-pound- class weapon that will also eventu- ally be deployed on B-1, B-2, and Navy F/A-18E/F aircraft. With its stealth capability it will be able to penetrate enemy air defenses at more than 200 miles. Air Force Secretary James G. Roche calls JASSM “a flagship pro- gram for acquisition excellence.” It came in under projected dollars and showed such high performance, the Air Force increased its buy from 2,400 to 3,700 missiles. USAF is also considering an ex- Two CV-22 Ospreys have been undergoing testing at Edwards AFB, Calif., for tended-range version. the Air Force. The service wants the CV-22s to replace its aging MH-53J Pave Low helicopters. AFRC Crew Flies First Enduring Freedom Prisoners to Gitmo An Air Force Reserve Command Osprey To Restart Flight Testing C-141 crew from the 445th Wing transported the first Taliban and al Testing will resume for the V-22 Osprey tilt-rotor aircraft in April, Qaeda detainees to Cuba on Jan. 11. Pentagon acquisition chief Aldridge told reporters Dec. 21. The 20 prisoners were delivered to “But,” he emphasized, “this new flight test ... will be much more the US naval facility at Guantanamo comprehensive than that previously planned.” Bay, nicknamed Gitmo, where DOD Just over a year before, the Osprey program suffered its second lethal plans to hold as many 2,000 prison- crash in one year. The first, on April 8, 2000, killed 19 Marines. The ers, if necessary. second, on Dec. 11, 2000, killed four, including the program’s most Southern Command activated Joint experienced pilot and director, Lt. Col. Keith M. Sweaney. Task Force 160 to head the opera- The Pentagon halted flight testing while the entire program underwent tion at Gitmo. The task force includes review by the Marine Corps, the DOD inspector general, and an indepen- active duty members, primarily secu- dent blue-ribbon panel. Though the panel criticized the program, its final rity forces personnel, from each ser- conclusion, presented to Defense Secretary Rumsfeld early last year, vice and reserve personnel. was that the flaws could be overcome with design modifications. Speaking about the first flight, one In May last year, the Pentagon approved changes to hydraulics lines, of the 445th AW Reservists said of poorly designed engine nacelles, and defective flight software. the crew, “Nobody relaxed.” Aldridge stated that production would slow to the minimum sustaining The 445th Reservists, who were level to permit time for periodic reviews of the flight-test results and to all volunteers, are from WrightÐ make changes to the production aircraft, as needed. Patterson AFB, Ohio. The flight crew “I personally still have some doubts, but the only way to prove the case was augmented by several airmen one way or the other is to put the airplane back into flight test.” from the 445th Security Forces Squad- That testing will last about two years. Among factors like shipboard ron. compatibility and landing in dust and debris, it will also explore the Other AFRC units from California, phenomena called vortex ring state, which was cited as the cause of the Maryland, and Wisconsin are also April 2000 crash. taking part in the transport opera- The Marine Corps plans to buy 360 V-22s, and the Navy and Air Force tions. plan to buy 50 each. The Marines have maintained that they need their version of the tilt rotor for rapid deployment into high-threat areas. USAF USAF Grants Most Stop-Loss officials, though asking for far fewer, have also steadfastly cited the need Waivers for the CV-22, the special operations version, to replace aging helicop- Air Force officials said Jan. 8 that ters. more than 80 percent of requests for Despite the aircraft’s problems, two of Rumsfeld’s special defense relief from Stop-Loss have been ap- review panels—the Conventional Forces and Transformation Panels— proved. called the V-22 “critical.” They did not lavish such a term on other USAF activated Stop-Loss last fall systems. to restrict personnel from retiring or Aldridge, in fact, stated that the V-22 “has some very unique capabili- separating during Operations Endur- ties. ... There is no other alternative.” ing Freedom and Noble Eagle and However, he noted, “first thing we have to make sure of is that it’s any associated operations. reliable, safe, and operationally suitable.” Service officials said they had re-

14 AIR FORCE Magazine / February 2002 ceived about 900 waiver requests out of a total of 11,500 personnel affected by the order. Professor Herold Counts the Casualties Major command commanders judge on a case-by-case basis whether per- Dismayed that the Pentagon had not announced the number of civilians killed sonal reasons to leave the service are by the bombing in Afghanistan, Professor Marc W. Herold of the University of New Hampshire decided to make his own count. compelling enough to outweigh the Air His method is to read the international press—he spends 12 to 14 hours a day Force’s need for the individual to stay. on the Internet, gathering “data”—and to derive his tally from the number of As of Jan. 3, said officials, command- deaths reported. By January, Herold had thus calculated a toll of 4,050 noncom- ers had approved 82 percent of en- batants killed. listed requests and 81 percent of Herold says that his “documented high level of civilian casualties” is attribut- waivers for officers. able to “the apparent willingness of US military strategists to fire missiles into and “What’s interesting is that less than drop bombs upon heavily populated areas of Afghanistan.” a thousand of those affected have He has relied considerably on such sources as the Afghan Islamic Press asked for waivers,” said Lt. Col. Rich- Agency, the al Jazeera news network, and newspapers in Pakistan. Herold is an associate professor in the Departments of Economics and ard Binger, chief of retirements at Air Women’s Studies. He received his Ph.D. at Berkeley in 1979. Force Personnel Center. US officials do not have a count of civilian casualties but regard Herold’s “It seems that people are accept- “count” as preposterous. ing that their country needs them Herold’s ongoing study is popular with some Arab leaders and Muslim clerics right now,” he added. who have their reasons for believing his numbers. But he has also begun attracting attention in the Western press. Bush Signs Authorization Bill Michael Evans, defense editor of the London Times, called Herold’s work “an President Bush signed the $343.3 unofficial report by an American academic” and used it to flesh out his own billion National Defense Authoriza- account of “mass civilian casualties” in Afghanistan. The Guardian newspaper in Britain said Herold is conducting “a systematic tion Bill for Fiscal 2002 on Dec. 28, independent study” that demonstrates that “the US and its camp followers are despite a major setback on the base prepared to sacrifice thousands of innocents in a coward’s war.” closure issue. The Washington Post said those “with long experience in such assessments” The authorization bill approved a are skeptical of counts like Herold’s but followed that by noting equal skepticism new round of base closures but not of “the Pentagon’s virtually routine denials” of extensive civilian casualties. as soon as Defense Secretary Rums- The Post quoted Darcy Christen of the International Committee of the Red feld had requested. The bill delays Cross as dismissing statements on casualties by US Secretary of Defense the start until 2005. The Pentagon Donald Rumsfeld as the kind of thing to be expected from “a political actor or had asked for authority to start the military actor.” The Toronto Globe and Mail noted that the death toll of “ordinary Afghans” in process next year. Herold’s study surpassed the number of people killed in the terrorist attacks on There were early indications that Sept. 11. It said that “other organizations, whose monitoring has been less Rumsfeld might ask the President to rigorous, offer lower figures.” veto the bill. Instead, he said he “slept It does not say what methods could possibly be “less rigorous” than Herold’s. on it” and would not recommend a —John T. Correll veto over base closure issues. He said a veto would delay impor- tant legislation for service members, including a sizeable military pay raise and infrastructure improvements. The raise is the largest pay in- its new deployable shelters. But Jumper said, the Air Force has a plan crease in 20 years, according to de- USAF’s top officer wants more proof to pre-position the new bombers in fense officials. the shelters are up to snuff. host countries. Increases range from five to 10 The first of four shelters contracted percent. The pay raises are targeted by the service in September is due Navy Area Missile Gets Ax to certain pay grades, with enlisted this spring. A prototype shelter, com- The Pentagon announced Dec. 14 members receiving a minimum boost plete with a climate controlled envi- that it had canceled the Navy Area of six percent and officers, five per- ronment for maintenance of the stealth Missile Defense Program because of cent. bomber’s special protective coating, excessive cost growth. Certain pay grades for both en- was tested last summer. The Navy missile’s acquisition unit listed members and officers will see Chief of Staff Jumper told report- cost had increased by 57 percent greater increases, officials said, to ers late last fall that he was not con- and average procurement unit cost help with retention. vinced the deployable B-2 shelters by 65 percent. However, Rumsfeld pointed out that will allow the Air Force to maintain Under the NunnÐMcCurdy law, the delay in the base closure pro- the bomber’s low observable capa- passed several years ago, once a gram will waste money and assets. bilities “as well as I expect them to be program’s unit costs increase by 25 “Given the war on terror, we will be maintained.” percent, the Pentagon must certify to doing something even more egregious, He said that does not prevent use Congress that: and that is we will be providing force of B-2s, but is just a question of con- The acquisition program is es- protection on bases that we do not ducting “considerable tests” to prove sential to national security; need,” Rumsfeld said. “It’s a shame.” the shelter capability before he com- There are no alternatives to the mits them to forward locations. acquisition program that will provide Deployable Shelters Not Proved The shelters, he admitted, “have had equal or greater military capability at The 40-plus-hour missions that some problems,” but he added, “I don’t less cost; B-2 stealth bombers flew to Afghani- think that has been the showstopper.” The new estimates of the pro- stan for Enduring Freedom may soon When he has a chance to have that gram acquisition unit cost or procure- be at an end when the Air Force gets maintenance capability proved to him, ment unit cost are reasonable; and

AIR FORCE Magazine / February 2002 15 Aerospace World

The management structure for two new senior civilian posts: an ganization is Maj. Gen. Jeffrey B. the acquisition program is adequate undersecretary of defense for home- Kohler, who also serves as the direc- to manage and control program ac- land security and an undersecretary tor of operational plans in the DCS. quisition unit cost or procurement unit for intelligence. “Several major commands have cost. In a letter to Congress, obtained created homeland security points of Pentagon acquisition head Aldridge by Inside the Pentagon, Rumsfeld contact and some have created small told reporters Dec. 21 he could not said, “It is becoming clear that we offices,” he said. “The focus of this answer yes to all four criteria, “so we are likely to need reorganization in organization will be to bring this all had to stop the program.” two principal areas: intelligence and together with policy and guidance to One key answer was yes, though, homeland security” to conduct a sus- make sure the Air Force is marching Aldridge emphasized. He said that it tained campaign against terrorism. with one vision in homeland secu- was essential to national security. He added that it was not his inten- rity.” The program will be restructured, tion to grow the Pentagon bureau- he said, with the Navy essentially cracy, “so we will find organizational USAF Sets Up Operations From developing a new terminal defense offsets to account for two new under- Kyrgyzstan system that will incorporate new tech- secretaries.” Members of the 86th Contingency nical developments, such as hit-to- Response Group from Ramstein AB, kill technology. USAF Establishes Homeland Germany, deployed to Bishkek, Kyr- Security Directorate gyzstan, late last year to open an Rumsfeld: We Need Two New The Air Force activated the Direc- airfield for Enduring Freedom. Civilian Posts torate of Homeland Security on Jan. Unit personnel from more than 40 Defense Secretary Rumsfeld re- 2 under the Deputy Chief of Staff for Air Force specialties established the quested in late November that Con- Air and Space Operations. initial aerial port operation. They also gress grant him authority to create The interim director of the new or- provided force protection and coordi- nated construction of living, opera- tional, and maintenance areas that would support coalition military per- Stateside CAPs Impact Readiness sonnel flying from Manas Airport in Bishkek to Afghanistan. The services have faced readiness problems for years. Now, however, readi- The 786th Security Forces Squad- ness for the Air Force has taken on a new dimension, one not considered before ron has permanent roving patrols, the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks. plus a quick-reaction force that works The new factor is that USAF is now not only faced with heightened operations with host nation security personnel abroad, said Gen. John P. Jumper, the Air Chief of Staff, but also a new mission to ensure area security. at home—flying Combat Air Patrols over US cities. In early January, a squad of eight That is “something we’ve not had to deal with before,” Jumper told reporters. “We’re in a situation where the increased requirements are at home and overseas from the 786th set out on foot for its at the same time.” first dismounted patrol to cover a “Does this cause us problems? You bet,” emphasized the USAF Chief last fall. seven-mile route. TSgt. John Murphy, The long running readiness issues were created as the services downsized yet patrol squad leader, said, “There are picked up mounting workloads from back-to-back contingencies abroad. Com- no known enemy forces here,” add- pounding the problem were budgets that did not enable them both to modernize ing that the patrol was checking for and recapitalize older systems. spots that might provide any poten- Today’s even higher use rate of USAF’s older aircraft is undercutting their tial enemy an advantage. useful service life. And the toll for the Air Force from flying continuous CAPs for The USAF security forces said they Operation Noble Eagle is seen in people as well as aircraft. It’s a tempo burden, said Jumper, that also cuts into training and funds for were also sharing tactics and tech- training. niques with Kyrgyzstan security per- The Air Force is assessing what the right concept of operations will be for sonnel. homeland defense, according to the Chief. It could include flying continuous The CRG was poised to provide CAPs or perhaps switching to an alert status arrangement. support for 30 days or more. Ending the stateside CAPs could prove a political problem. The public may not be ready to forgo the sense of added security they provide. Bulgaria Hosts US Military Having fighter jets only on ground alert raises a timing issue. As an example, Air Force air refueling aircraft be- some point to the incident of the 15-year-old student pilot who crashed a private gan operating out of Bulgaria in late airplane into an office building in Tampa, Fla., on Jan. 5. He first strayed through the airspace at Tampa’s MacDill Air Force Base, which is home to Central November for missions supporting Command headquarters. Fighters on strip alert at Homestead Air Force Base Enduring Freedom over Afghanistan. outside Miami, about 200 miles away, could not have arrived in time even with Six KC-135 Stratotankers from RAF adequate notification. Mildenhall, UK, were sent to Burgas In this case, the FAA failed to notify NORAD, the military command charged airfield. with managing CAPs and dispatching alert aircraft, until after the teenager About 200 support and operations crashed. FAA officials said they are investigating why there was such a delay in airmen from bases in England, Italy, what is supposed to be a more streamlined notification process. (See “The Return and Germany make up the 351st of NORAD,” p. 50.) Expeditionary Air Refueling Squad- Today, continuous CAPs are flown over Washington, D.C., and New York City, as well as up to six other cities or regions. Otherwise CAPs are flown when and ron. The unit’s primary job is to where needed and fighters remain on ground alert able to scramble within 15 provide aerial refueling for aircraft minutes at about 24 bases around the country. air-dropping humanitarian aid to Af- The Air National Guard provides most of the fighter aircraft for the patrols, with ghanistan. support from active and Air Force Reserve Command forces. US forces have participated in ex- ercises in Bulgaria for several years,

16 AIR FORCE Magazine / February 2002 AIR FORCE Magazine / February 2002 17 Aerospace World

that are increasingly important to war- fighters. The new DCS will be the person, Roche added, who “can say this passes the test for sensible war- fighting architecture.” “We have seen in Afghanistan the blending of systems that exist—the Predator UAV with the AC-130 in an

USAF photo by TSgt. Cedric H. Rudisill effort that put Predator video on board the AC-130,” said Jumper. “Seems like a simple step,” but he added that a few months ago direct integration of stovepipes would not have hap- pened on the battlefield. “The key word here is integration,” A B-1B takes off on an Enduring Freedom mission. he said. The problems the Air Force has are at the seams, between and among the functions of find, fix, track, Warner: Too Soon for B-1s To Retire target, engage, and assess.

Sen. John Warner, ranking Republican on the Senate Armed Services Commit- Congress OKs 60 More C-17s tee, told reporters in midÐDecember that the Air Force’s plan to retire about a third Lawmakers included a provision of its B-1B bombers should be reconsidered after the bomber’s contributions to for purchase of 60 additional Boeing Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan. C-17 transports, beginning in Fiscal Air Force Chief of Staff John Jumper was asked in late November if the service 2002, in the defense authorization had been rethinking the move. “I’m sticking with that decision,” he said. bill it released Dec. 12. USAF officials announced the plan last June as a cost saving measure. They Senior Pentagon officials had told proposed to retire 33 B-1s by the end of 2002. That would have left 60. Congress that the Mobility Require- The decision created a furor, especially among Congressmen whose districts ments Study 2005 cited the need for would be affected. The Air Force’s plan would eliminate B-1B units at McConnell AFB, Kan., 50 to 60 more C-17s than the planned Mountain Home AFB, Idaho, and Robins AFB, Ga. It would consolidate the buy of 120. remaining bombers at Dyess AFB, Tex., and Ellsworth AFB, S.D. The Air Force believes that the Air National Guard units at McConnell and Robins would be most affected. That MRSÐ05, produced early last year, is fact and the “political” consolidations in Texas and South Dakota prompted a already out of date. wave of protests. Although House and Senate conferees indicated their support for the decision, Bush Approves Combat Zone Tax lawmakers did manage to slow the process by including $164.4 million in the Break Fiscal 2002 defense authorization bill to maintain the 33 B-1Bs until the Air Force President Bush signed an execu- completes a number of reviews. USAF officials maintain that by shrinking the force, they can free up about $1.5 tive order Dec. 14 that grants signifi- billion to equip the remaining B-1s with new precision weapons, self-protection cant tax breaks for service members systems, and reliability upgrades. in Afghanistan and the airspace above The Air Force bought a total of 100 of the sleek bombers in the 1980s. Earlier it. attrition claimed seven. An eighth crashed Dec. 12. The B-1B entered service as The order is effective from Sept. a nuclear bomber designed to attack the Soviet Union but was converted for 19, the day troops first started de- conventional munitions. ploying for Enduring Freedom. It also applies to service members directly supporting operations in Afghanistan from other locations if they are re- but this marked the first long-term with Army leadership. Both services ceiving imminent danger pay or hos- stay for US military forces. announced plans to make themselves tile fire pay. Petko Draganov, Bulgaria’s deputy more efficient. The order permits enlisted ser- minister of foreign affairs, said the Pentagon spokesman Rear Adm. vice members and warrant officers move required a difficult constitutional Craig Quigley said the Navy and to pay no federal income tax on all procedure that any country would Marine Corps would discuss similar basic pay and special pay. Officers require before “allowing foreign mili- efforts soon. will pay tax only on that portion of tary to rest on [its] soil.” For the Air Force the agenda was their pay that exceeds the highest He added, “But it all went very to remove stovepipes, to find over- enlisted pay plus the $150 imminent smoothly, and I was really satisfied laps, and to transform the way it leads, danger pay, a figure currently set at by the fact that when it came to par- said Roche. $5,043. liament, 100 percent of the members The third item included establish- Eligible service members also re- of parliament voted for it.” ing a new position—Deputy Chief of ceive an automatic extension to file Staff for Warfighting Integration—to their taxes. USAF Announces Reorganization “worry about the architecture for our Additionally, since the order is ret- Air Force Secretary Roche and fighting forces,” he said. roactive to Sep. 19, officials said eli- Chief of Staff Jumper outlined the The office will integrate command- gible service members will get a re- new look for the headquarters staff and-control and intelligence, surveil- fund of taxes already paid, and future Dec. 18 in a joint press conference lance, and reconnaissance systems withholding will stop.

18 AIR FORCE Magazine / February 2002 BMDO Gets New Name The Ballistic Missile Defense Or- ganization was redesignated the Mis- sile Defense Agency the first week in January. USAF Lt. Gen. Ronald T. Kadish remains as director and continues to report directly to Pentagon acquisi- tion, technology, and logistics chief

Aldridge. USAF photo by TSgt. Dave Ahlschwede In a memo announcing the change, Defense Secretary Rumsfeld stated his four key objectives, which included establishing “a single program to de- velop an integrated system under a newly titled Missile Defense Agency” and assigning “the best and brightest people to this work.”

C-17 Sets 13 World Records A 418th Flight Test Squadron crew from Edwards AFB, Calif., broke 13 altitude and payload world records A1C Jerry Pierson, 555th Fighter Squadron, Aviano AB, Italy, tightens the Nov. 27 for the C-17, bringing the arming wire on a bomb as SrA. Patrick Dull, a load standardization instructor total number of C-17 world records to with Aviano’s 31st Operations Group, watches closely. 33. The crew flew three sorties to set maximum altitude records for pay- Jumper. He is not convinced that it’s miles above the Earth during the loads ranging from no payload to the right system for the job. midcourse phase of the warhead’s 88,200 pounds. Maximum altitudes “My concern is that we don’t go flight. The closing speed for the hit- were achieved by first burning down down a path that might be a rush to to-kill intercept was in excess of to the minimum fuel required to re- failure.” 15,000 mph, officials stated. turn to base and land, and then climb- The Air Force is trying to deter- The interceptor’s Exoatmospheric ing the aircraft as high as possible. mine what is the best combination of Kill Vehicle separated from the rocket An observer from the National Aero- manned, unmanned, and space that booster more than 1,400 miles from nautic Association, the governing will provide the best ground moving the ICBM target warhead. After sepa- body for US record attempts, was on target indicator radar picture. ration, the EKV used onboard infra- board for all three sorties to verify the “Do we go for something in low red and visual sensors, augmented records. Earth orbit or should we wait a few by ground X-band radar data, to lo- One altitude record set was for years and go up to medium Earth cate and track the target. steady horizontal flight, in which the orbit?” asked Jumper. The sensors were able to distin- crew had to maintain a constant air- The real question, he said, is how guish between the target, the shroud speed and altitude for at least 90 you get the best information to com- enclosing the missile, and a decoy seconds. The C-17 maintained an manders rather than whether it is deployed in the test. unofficial level altitude of 44,430 feet done by air or in space. Another intercept system test is with a 22,100-pound payload. Alti- The technical analysis is ongoing, set for this month or March. The Mis- tudes of 43,820 and 45,500 feet were Jumper added. sile Defense Agency has other tests also reached carrying payloads of scheduled for the intercept booster 88,200 and 22,100 pounds, respec- Interceptor Test Successful later this month. tively. The Ballistic Missile Defense Or- The aircraft was ready to keep ganization, now known as the Missile Tanker Lease Up for Negotiation going, said Maj. Chris Lindell, one of Defense Agency, announced Dec. 3 Air Force Secretary Roche told the test pilots. it had scored a successful intercept Defense News on Dec. 21 that a con- “The maximum altitude achieved of an ICBM target. troversial tanker aircraft lease pro- for the lower weights attempted was This was the third successful inter- posal sent to Congress last fall was 45,500 feet, which was based on an cept out of five tests for the Ground- simply hypothethical. operating restriction for the engines,” based Midcourse Defense Segment, House and Senate appropriators he said. “The aircraft could have gone formerly known as National Missile approved a lease plan in December. higher.” Defense. The Air Force proposal was to lease In addition to Lindell, the record- In this test, designated integrated 100 modified Boeing 767s over 10 setting crew comprised test pilots flight test 7, a modified Minuteman years for $20 billion, or $20 million Maj. Todd Markwald, Capt. Chris ICBM target vehicle was launched per aircraft. USAF would buy the air- Morgan, and Boeing’s Norm Howell from Vandenberg AFB, Calif., and a craft for $1 at the end of the lease. and loadmasters TSgt. Tom Fields prototype interceptor was launched The service had planned to begin and Boeing’s Gary Briscoe. approximately 20 minutes later from replacing its aging fleet of KC-135 the Ronald Reagan Missile Site Kwaj- aerial refuelers by the end of this What Is the Best Approach? alein Atoll, about 4,800 miles away in decade. That plan changed after the No decisions have been made yet the Pacific. Sept. 11 attacks. Tankers have been about what to do with the space based About 10 minutes later, the inter- flying virtually nonstop supporting radar, according to Air Force Chief ceptor hit the target more than 140 both Operation Noble Eagle here in

AIR FORCE Magazine / February 2002 19 Aerospace World the States and Enduring Freedom in appropriators were using DOD to dis- The fatal accident took place when Afghanistan. pense corporate welfare to Boeing. Eccleston and one of the other PJs Roche said Congress asked the However, in a letter to the Wash- were being lowered in the raft from Air Force to jump-start the recapital- ington Post, Dec. 21, Roche stated the ship. The raft capsized, throwing ization. Hence the lease proposal. that the Air Force needs to modern- both PJs into the water. After weeks of debate, appropria- ize its tanker fleet and is “considering The other PJ was recovered right tors approved a provision that would all reasonable options.” away, but Eccleston couldn’t be seen. allow USAF to lease 100 Boeing 767s His body was found a few hours later. for 90 percent of their market pur- PJ Dies After Rescue chase price, modify them for tanker SSgt. Doug Eccleston, an Air Force Indiana ANG Extend Tour use, fly them for 10 years, remove Reserve Command pararescue spe- The 181st Fighter Wing of the Indi- the modifications, and return them to cialist assigned to the 920th Rescue ana Air National Guard was asked to Boeing. Group at Patrick AFB, Fla., drowned extend their normal 30-day deploy- The Office of Management and Dec. 7 following a successful rescue ment to support Operation Northern Budget has warned that this plan may mission. Watch to 90 days to fill in for active cost more than buying the aircraft Eccleston, 35, and two other PJs duty units tasked elsewhere. outright. had gone to aid a crew member The wing put out the word and had But, Roche told Defense News, aboard a Malaysian supertanker more volunteers than it could take. “now we’ve got the authority. ... Now about 200 miles southeast of Ber- “After the catastrophic events of we will take a good six months and go muda, said officials. the past few months, of course, there’s see what we can get.” They were flown out on an HC-130 been an even greater surge of patrio- “If we can conclude a satisfactory aircraft, jumped into the ocean, and tism than we’ve seen previously,” said lease [and] if it’s a good lease for the inflated a Zodiac raft to reach the Lt. Col. Greg McDaniel, commander taxpayers, we will permit it,” he tanker. The raft was hoisted aboard of the unit’s 113th Fighter Squadron. added. the tanker with the PJs in it. “We just had more volunteers than At issue for some Congressmen is The PJs stabilized the crewman we had spots for.” the sole source aspect of the ar- and the tanker continued to Bermuda, More than 180 Guardsmen de- rangement. Republican Sen. John where the patient was taken to a ployed to form the 181st Expedition- McCain, for one, claimed that Senate hospital. ary Fighter Squadron and other com- bat support packages. “I could have actually taken the entire unit,” said Col. Gary Peters, 181st FW commander. “I had a thou- Fear of Mistakes Carries High Cost sand members who would have vol- unteered to come out here; unfortu- It seems to have slipped much notice, but a comment by USAF’s top military nately, we could only bring a small leader about a new office being set up to join the seemingly never-ending struggle to improve the acquisition of weapon systems may just be the “I’m not going to portion of our unit.” take it anymore” signal the service has needed. “The employers have to allow these Said Gen. John Jumper: “Our unbridled fear of mistakes is costing us far more folks to take time away from their than any sensible risk taking ever will.” jobs, which puts a burden on their The new office, formally opened Dec. 10 at the Pentagon, is called ACE— companies at the same time,” Peters Acquisition Center of Excellence. said. “But it shows you the tremen- It’s not a replacement for Air Force Materiel Command or Air Force Space dous patriotism and professionalism Command, with its new role in acquisition through the Space and Missile Systems of a Guardsman who does step up to Center. Its charter is to help USAF acquisition professionals do their job—better the plate.” than it’s been done in the past. The plan, which was endorsed by Air Force four-star generals and senior civilians in November, is “to foster a culture of innovation and reasonable risk AFRC Airlift Crews Take On taking,” according to USAF’s new assistant secretary for acquisition Marvin Atlantic Express Sambur. The Atlantic Express continues to If the service can do this, Sambur said, it can “shorten acquisition cycle times, run, courtesy of two AFRC C-141 insert new technologies into systems throughout their life cycles, and deliver units. today’s technologies today.” Volunteers answered the call when The Air Force did not name the individual who would head ACE, saying only said it couldn’t that it would be a member of the senior executive service. However, a report by keep up the thrice weekly flights to Inside the Pentagon just last month said the job had gone to Terry Little. Little is known as a reformer. deliver supplies and equipment to He managed programs like the Joint Direct Attack Munition, USAF’s lead pilot Ramstein AB, Germany, because of program in acquisition reform, and the Joint Air-to-Surface Standoff Missile, Enduring Freedom missions. another acquisition model, that was just approved for low rate initial production. The 445th Airlift Wing, WrightÐ Air Force Secretary James Roche called JASSM a “flagship program.” Patterson AFB, Ohio, and the 459th The task for Little is huge. AW, Andrews AFB, Md., picked up But comments by Darleen A. Druyun, Sambur’s principal deputy assistant the duty to keep the Express line secretary and a leading advocate on cutting red tape, seem to sum up the from backing up. situation: “We need to get on with this. If there’s a consensus on anything in the The Reservists nearly doubled their area of acquisition reform, it is that there’s been enough study. It’s time for action.” normal flying hours. “Sometimes, we are our own worst enemies,” she said. “That is about to change.” RED HORSE Sets Up at Nellis AFRC reactivated the 555th RED HORSE late last year to supplement

20 AIR FORCE Magazine / February 2002 AIR FORCE Magazine / February 2002 21 22 AIR FORCE Magazine / February 2002 AIR FORCE Magazine / February 2002 23 Aerospace World

of a Reusable Launch Vehicle that would take off and land at airport runways and be ready to fly again within days. The result: more reliable and less expensive space transpor- tation than is currently available. The concept actually dates to the 1960s. Some 360 tests of alternative

USAF photo by SrA. Shane Sharp engine configurations over the past four years led NASA to believe it’s a viable concept. The $16.6 million contract award to a consortium that includes Aerojet, Boeing’s Rocketdyne, and Pratt & Whitney calls for completion of con- ceptual design and subsystem test- ing by November.

State Dept. Seeks Cheaper Space Access The head of the State Department’s Office of Space and Advanced Tech- Nero, the German shepherd, and his handler, SSgt. Marshall Cavit, from nology told the Commission on the Peterson AFB, Colo., took part in the biggest marijuana bust yet for DOD’s Future of the US Aerospace Industry Counterdrug Task Force when they worked with US Customs for three months that low-cost access to space is an along the USÐMexico border last fall. urgent matter. “As a nation we have become in- creasingly dependent on foreign the active duty 554th RED HORSE at had already begun its phased draw- launchers, a trend that poses both Osan AB, South Korea. down, forcing the early switch to national security and trade com- The new unit is looking for full-time Ramstein when airlift support for petitiveness risks over the long term,” and traditional Reservists to fill 18 Enduring Freedom took center stage. Ralph Braibanti advised the com- career fields at its home base at Nellis Normally, Ramstein processes 80 mission late last year. AFB, Nev. movements daily, including about 20 The commission was created by Officials said the 555th and 554th strategic aircraft. Since Sept. 11, the the Fiscal 2001 Defense Authoriza- were both formed originally in 1965. strategic missions jumped to about tion Act. It is chaired by former Rep. The 555th was disbanded four years 30 per day. Robert Walker. later. The transition from RheinÐMain to Braibanti noted that the need for The revived 555th, along with the Ramstein, which will pick up 65 per- reliable, low-cost launchers is appar- ANG’s 254th RED HORSE flight from cent of the old hub’s mission, in- ent, but there’s no consensus on how Washington State, will augment volves 14 construction projects, in- to get there. Osan’s squadron to form USAF’s cluding a new runway, repair and first active duty, Guard, and Re- lengthening of the old runway, addi- Weldon: Let USAF Develop RLVs serve RED HORSE unit. tional ramp space, a freight terminal, At the same commission hearing, AFRC’s 555th will also train with a passenger terminal, and numerous Rep. Dave Weldon (RÐFla.) said that the active duty 820th RED HORSE at other projects to upgrade the infra- the Air Force needs to develop RLV Nellis. structure of the base, said US Air technology. He called for an end to Forces in Europe officials. the policy that placed NASA in the Ramstein Gains Hub Title Early They said the transition will be lead role. The actual transition of missions funded through several sources, in- Weldon was the lawmaker who put from RheinÐMain Air Base in Ger- cluding the Frankfurt Airport, USAFE, language creating the commission many, long considered the transpor- NATO, and the Federal Republic of into the Fiscal 2001 defense bill. tation hub for European operations, Germany. “NASA’s recent track record on X to is not sched- Spangdahlem, about 85 miles vehicles has not been good,” he said. uled until Dec. 31, 2005, but the pace northeast of Ramstein, will assume “The Air Force has a much better of the changeover has been over- about 35 percent of the RheinÐMain track record on X vehicles and should come by events. mission. There are 23 construction be given an opportunity to apply that Operation Enduring Freedom in- projects planned for Spangdahlem. experience to RLVs.” creased the number of airlift mis- NASA canceled development of its sions transiting Ramstein by nearly Closing In on an Air-breathing X-33 and X-34 RLVs in March 2001. 50 percent. Rocket Engine Air Force officials at one time thought Since the days of the Berlin Airlift, NASA expects a design contract it that X-33 technology would aid in RheinÐMain had always been the “go awarded in December to a US indus- development of a space operations to” base for airlift contingency opera- try team to lead to a ground test vehicle. tions. With its scheduled closure, all version of an air-breathing rocket en- However, USAF announced last future contingency operations were gine by 2006. fall, after reviewing the program, to transition to Ramstein and Spang- Air-breathing propulsion is the key, that it would not assume manage- dahlem AB, Germany. RheinÐMain according to NASA, to development ment and funding responsibility for

24 AIR FORCE Magazine / February 2002 NASA’s X-33. Instead, it opted to continue to pursue other RLV av- Bush: Changing the Face of Battle enues with NASA. Weldon told the commission that In a Dec. 11 speech at The Citadel in Charleston, S.C., President Bush pursuing an RLV is more critical for continued his Administration’s call for military transformation. the Air Force than for NASA. “We have to think differently,” Bush said. “The enemy who appeared on Sept. “I will even go so far as to posit 11 seeks to avoid our strengths and constantly searches for our weaknesses. So America is required once again to change the way our military thinks and fights.” for consideration that maybe NASA “This revolution in our military is only beginning, and it promises to change the should get out of the newÐRLV busi- face of battle,” he added. ness altogether,” he said. He said that Afghanistan has been a proving ground for this new approach. “These past two months have shown that an innovative doctrine and high-tech Dover Nav Assists weaponry can shape and then dominate an unconventional conflict,” Bush said. A C-5 navigator, Capt. Chris Des- The brave men and women of our military are rewriting the rules of war with longchamp, developed a computer new technologies, he continued. “Our commanders are gaining a real-time program that helped C-17 crews with picture of the entire battlefield and are able to get targeting information from the high-altitude airdrops that were sensor to shooter almost instantly.” “Our special forces have the technology to call in precision air strikes, along in use over Afghanistan. with the flexibility to direct those strikes from horseback in the first cavalry charge Officials said the C-17 mission com- of the 21st century,” Bush pointed out. puter can normally handle high-alti- He cited the Predator Unmanned Aerial Vehicle as an example of the new tude drops, but it was not able to technology. “This Unmanned Aerial Vehicle is able to circle over enemy forces, independently calculate the release gather intelligence, transmit information instantly back to commanders, then fire point for the humanitarian relief drops on targets with extreme accuracy.” using the Tri-wall Aerial Delivery Sys- “Now it is clear the military does not have enough unmanned vehicles,” he tem. The release points needed to be added. manually calculated, until the mis- “Precision guided munitions also offer great promise,” he said. “In the , these weapons were the exception—while in Afghanistan, they have been sion computer can be modified. the majority of the munitions we have used. We’re striking with greater effective- That is where Deslongchamp’s pro- ness, at greater range, with fewer civilian casualties. More and more, our gram, which he created two years weapons can hit moving targets. When all of our military can continuously locate ago, came in. His program, said Maj. and track moving targets—with surveillance from air and space—warfare will be Robert Rhyne of the Air Mobility truly revolutionized.” Warfare Center at Fort Dix, N.J., “pro- Bush emphasized that the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11 had not changed his vided a very quick, convenient method vision of military transformation, just the timeline. for manually calculating a release “What’s different today is our sense of urgency—the need to build this future point.” force while fighting a present war. It’s like overhauling an engine while you’re going at 80 miles an hour,” he said. “Yet we have no other choice.” He added that there was at least Bush called on Congress to not micromange DOD, to let defense leaders one other existing program that could innovate. He also asked for “every constituency ... to sacrifice some of their own have been adapted, but Deslong- pet projects.” champ’s was simpler to work with “Our war on terror cannot be used to justify obsolete bases, obsolete pro- and was based on software familiar grams, or obsolete weapon systems,” he said. “Every dollar of defense spending to C-17 pilots. The C-17 does not must meet a single test: It must help us build the decisive power we will need to have a navigator. win the wars of the future.” Deslongchamp is a special opera- tions low-level II navigator assigned to the 9th Airlift Squadron at Dover AFB, Del.

New Civil Service Rules by going to the Air Force Personnel “Without this change,” said Maj. USAF officials announced in midÐ Center’s Web site on civilian em- Douglas A. Young, chief of the pro- December a new “Job Kit” for civil- ployment (ww2.afpc.randolph.af.mil/ motion and evaluation policy branch ians seeking civil service jobs with resweb). for the Office of the Air Force Re- the Air Force. Those without access to the Inter- serve, “we were prohibiting our home- The kit includes some new rules net can send résumés and supple- grown lieutenants from promotion for those seeking employment. One mental data to HQ AFPC/DPCTDC, consideration until the four-to-five- change is the requirement to have a Attn.: Recruitment Call Center, 550 year mark, while officers in the active résumé on file before applying for C Street West, Suite 57, Randolph duty component were being consid- specific jobs. AFB, Tex., 78150-4759. A recruit- ered with two years time in grade.” “Under the new requirements, if ment representative can be contacted More than 12,000 officers have their résumé isn’t on file, they will not at: 800-699-4473 or 800-382-0893 joined the Reserve in the ranks of be eligible for consideration,” said for TDD users. captain or higher since 1996, Young Hong Miller, acting chief of the Air explained. Those officers had the op- Force Personnel Center delegated “Homegrown” AFRC Officers Get portunity of mandatory promotion to examining unit/recruitment branch at Equity captain at four years time in grade or Randolph AFB, Tex. A policy change the Air Force ap- less. During the same time frame, Another change is that résumés proved Dec. 19 will make promotion only about 2,000 officers who had will only be retained for one year, opportunities for Air Force Reserve been commissioned into the Reserve with updates allowed as necessary. Command lieutenants relatively equal as lieutenants were considered for New résumés must be submitted upon to their active duty counterparts. promotion to captain. the one-year expiration. Officials said The change reduces time-in-grade “This is a fairness and equity issue résumés will no longer be extended. requirements for promotion to cap- —especially in light of the high [op- Applicants can access the Job Kit tain from five years to two years. erations tempo] the Reserve attained

AIR FORCE Magazine / February 2002 25 Aerospace World

Selected USAF aircraft will begin displaying a distinctive nose art design this year. The design was created by SrA. Duane White at Air

USAF art by SrA. Duane White Combat Command and features the words “Let’s Roll,” said by Todd Beamer as he and other passengers moved to fight for control of United Airlines Flight 93 before it crashed in Pennsylvania Sept. 11. Officials believe the airliner was destined to strike either the White House or the US Capitol building. The Air Force Thunderbirds and other demonstration teams will apply the nose art to all their aircraft, said Air Force officials. Major command and wings may each use the design on one aircraft.

in the past few years,” Young added. line officers, chaplains, judge advo- to graduate from the USAF Weapons “The change will result in a one- cates, and biomedical science, den- School at Nellis AFB, Nev. These 11 time increase of about 300 eligibles tal, medical, medical service, and pilots will be the initial cadre for the to the grade of captain,” said Young. nurse corps officers. special operations forces weapons The new time-in-grade policy goes The quota for all competitive cat- school division located at Hurlburt into effect immediately for all Fiscal egories will be reviewed and approved Field, Fla. The graduates were Majs. 2003 captain promotion boards for annually by the Secretary of the Air Ian C. Jannetty, Mike McKinney, all competitive categories within Force before the board convening Lance A. Tilghman, Daniel J. Turner, AFRC. date, based on the needs of AFRC. and Craig J. Walker; and Capts. Mark T. Daley, Oscar E. Espinoza, Kevin Competitive Categories for News Notes D. Huebert, Paul H. Mullis, Robert D. Selected Reserve Marvin R. Sambur was sworn in Sagraves, and Herbert D. Smith. Another policy change estab- as USAF’s new acquisition chief Jan. Brig. Gen. Stephen J. Ferrell be- lished separate competitive catego- 4. He was president and chief execu- came the first Army officer to fill the ries and quotas for officers in the tive officer of ITT Defense. national security space architect po- selected and nonselected Reserve. President Bush signed legislation sition when he was appointed late The change started with the majors Dec. 18 designating Sept. 11 Patriot last year. board this month. Day. The House resolution requires Airmen who are having pay prob- Selected Reserve officers—tradi- the President to issue a proclamation lems that they cannot solve through tional reservists—participate in week- each year and order flags at half staff. their local military personnel flights end and annual drills, are paid, accu- Jane’s Defense Weekly reported or finance offices can contact the Air mulate points, and receive evaluation Jan. 2 that DOD has directed the Air Force Personnel Center via e-mail reports. Nonselected Reserve offi- Force to buy eight additional AC-130 ([email protected]) or cers, on the other hand, fall into two Spectres and to accelerate develop- voice by calling 800-558-1404 or DSN categories: those who participate for ment of a follow-on aircraft. Use of 665-2949. points and evaluation reports only the AC-130 in Afghanistan prompted Air Mobility Command announced and those who earn membership the move. Jan. 2 it was canceling its biennial points only. A USAF RQ-4A Global Hawk UAV international readiness competition— In the past, nonselected Reserve crashed Dec. 30 on a routine mission Air Mobility Rodeo—for this year be- officers were promoted against a for Enduring Freedom. Officials said cause of current operations tempo. quota established for selected Re- the crash was not the result of enemy Rodeo 2003 is planned for June 21Ð serve officers—reducing the number fire and plans were being made to 28 at McChord AFB, Wash. of traditional reservists that could be recover the vehicle. Frank E. Herrelko Sr., an 88- promoted. David Chu, the Pentagon’s per- year-old USAF retiree, carried the Separate quotas and competitive sonnel undersecretary, was named Olympic flame Dec. 21 during a spe- categories “would afford officers with to lead a review of the military mix of cial torch relay event and ceremony similarities in career paths, partici- active and reserve forces, according that paid tribute to veterans of World pation, and documentation a more to a memo obtained by Inside the War II and the Korean and Vietnam equitable promotion opportunity,” said Pentagon. Wars. Herrelko represented all the an AFRC official. Eleven Air Force Special Opera- men and women who served in the The competitive categories include tions Command pilots were the first armed forces during World War II. He

26 AIR FORCE Magazine / February 2002 tion Award (small base); Eglin, Cul- tural Resources Management Award; Patrick AFB, Fla., AFSPC, Pollution Prevention Acquisition Team Award and Natural Resources Conservation Award for Individual/Team Excel- lence. Individual winners of the White Environmental Award were: Joan

USAF photo by MSgt. Lawrence Crespo Albury, Patrick AFB, Environmental Quality for Individual/Team Excel- lence; Beatrice Kephart, Vandenberg AFB, Calif., AFSPC, Restoration Award for Individual/Team Excel- lence. A New Jersey ANG F-16 crashed Jan. 10 in a heavily wooded area in the state. The pilot ejected safely. USAF officials are investigating. The Los Angeles Times reported Dec. 18 that US forces are using their former bases in the Philippines for Members of 820th RED HORSE load equipment in January onto a C-5 bound for refueling and storage for forces par- Enduring Freedom. ticipating in Enduring Freedom. USAF left Clark Air Base and the Navy Subic Bay in 1992, after Philippine legisla- CE Sets Up Bare Base Camps tors refused to allow the US to con- tinue using the bases. Following the Sept. 11 attacks, Air Force civil engineers began deploying to DOD now urges caution in filing countries in Southwest Asia to establish fully functioning bare-base camps that official documents at local court- would support personnel and air operations for Enduring Freedom. houses. For years, officials recom- Civil engineers began setting up or expanding existing tent cities at 13 locations in nine countries neighboring Afghanistan. At the same time, they mended that individuals who were repaired or established airfields for flight operations at 10 of the locations. retiring or separating file documents USAF has prepackaged, transportable bare-base kits, called Harvest Falcon, such as the DD Form 214, which that contain tents, a kitchen, showers, latrines, and electrical power generation contains personal information, with for a 1,100-person encampment. The kits also have everything needed to set up courthouses for safekeeping. Now bare-base airfield operations, including portable aircraft hangars, mobile aircraft DOD is concerned that such action arresting systems, emergency airfield lighting systems and structures, and may open an individual to identity utilities. theft. Officials suggest individuals Even with Harvest Falcon kits, the job was tough. The terrain was rugged. check with their local courthouses to The heavy construction equipment used for the operation came from pre- positioned stocks in Europe and Southwest Asia. Additional heavy equipment, ensure the protection of information like bulldozers, used in the theater was leased from vendors in the region for two contained in military documents. reasons: speed and to keep USAF cargo aircraft free for other critical missions, Defense Secretary Rumsfeld said USAF officials. chartered a Defense Science Board “It was important for us to get our civil engineers in as soon as possible and task force to evaluate Enduring Free- establish forward basing operations because it not only reduced the distance our dom and develop lessons learned, pilots have to fly to bring in supplies, ammunition, and equipment, it reduces the according to a memo obtained by amount of time it takes to turn around aircraft, reload them with munitions, and get Inside the Navy. It will be headed by them back into the fight,” said Lt. Col. Josuelito Worrell, contingency support retired USAF Gen. James McCarthy. director for the Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency. Some of the first civil engineers to arrive in the theater were Prime Base DOD selected Air Force employee Engineer Emergency Forces members from the 366th Wing at Mountain Home Sheila M. Noel among 18 employees AFB, Idaho, and the 820th and 823rd RED HORSE from Nellis AFB, Nev., and with disabilities recognized during the Hurlburt Field, Fla., respectively. 21st annual DOD Disability Awards By December, more than 18,000 Air Force people were living and working in Ceremony on Dec. 11. The Air Force the tent cities in Southwest Asia, and hundreds of aircraft were flying in and out took the trophy for the best military of the expeditionary airfields, according to officials. department. There are approximately 6,500 persons with severe disabilities employed in DOD—more than any other federal agency, said officials. DOD plans to hire 32,000 more dis- was not new to the Olympics, having 2001 Gen. Thomas D. White Envi- abled persons over the next five years. won some 240 medals since he started ronmental Award are: Eglin AFB, Fla., Metro bus service returned to the competing in the Senior Olympics at AFMC, and 181st Fighter Wing, Terre Pentagon in December, operating age 70. Haute, Ind., ANG, for Environmental from the new Pentagon Transit Cen- A reality-based series, “Ameri- Quality Award (nonindustrial); F.E. ter. Regular bus service had been can Fighter Pilot,” follows three Warren AFB, Wyo., AFSPC, Resto- suspended following the Sept. 11 ter- Tyndall AFB, Fla., pilots training in ration Award; Robins AFB, Ga., rorist attacks. The larger, brighter, the F-15. It is scheduled to air this AFMC, Pollution Prevention Award and more security-conscious transit month on CBS. (industrial); Fairchild AFB, Wash., center, a $36 million project funded Facility and unit winners of the AMC, Natural Resources Conserva- by DOD, was designed and planned

AIR FORCE Magazine / February 2002 27 28 AIR FORCE Magazine / February 2002 Aerospace World before Sept. 11 as part of the secu- rity upgrades set for the Pentagon’s Fear of Terrorism Fades With War’s Progress Metrobus and Metrorail facilities. Additional security upgrades at the According to a January Gallup poll, terrorism is no longer uppermost in the Pentagon include construction of a minds of the American public. One reason might be that Americans believe the US new entrance building and new el- and its allies are winning the war. evator and canopy at the Metrorail The January poll revealed that only 35 percent chose terrorism, national entrance—expected to be completed security, and the war when asked what was the most important problem facing the by this fall. US, as compared to 64 percent in October last year. At a Pentagon ceremony Dec. As noted by Gallup, the responses do not necessarily mean that Americans do 14, SMSgt. Andres Alvarez, lead pro- not consider the fight against terrorism important. They may simply have the issue less on their minds now than they did in the months immediately after the Sept. duction superintendent of the 37th 11 terrorist attacks. Airlift Squadron, Ramstein AB, Ger- And the responses are offset by a continued positive assessment of progress many, and Capt. Brian Stuart, a main- in the war on terrorism. When asked in January who is winning the war, 66 percent tenance officer with the 33rd Rescue said the US and its allies. Responses to that question have shown an upward Squadron, Kadena AB, Japan, re- trend since October. ceived the 2001 Gen. Lew Allen Jr. Trophy for top aircraft generation. Who’s winning Jan 2002 Dec 2001 Nov 2001 Oct 2001 A prototype rocket motor booster US and allies 66% 64% 53% 42% system failed after launch from Van- Neither side 25% 28% 33% 44% denberg AFB, Calif., Dec. 13. It was part of the Ground-based Midcourse Terrorists 7% 5% 11% 11% Defense System. No opinion 2% 3% 3% 3% USAF selected 31 future test pi- lots and 11 alternates at a November board. Officials said the selectees have near-perfect flying records and high Grade Point Averages. Com- Americans Expect Long War puted on technical courses only, the average was 3.54 for undergradu- An overwhelming number 2% 5% ates. All but two have technical-field of Americans believe that ■ Acomplished master’s degrees with an average of the neutralization of basic goal 3.74. Two have doctorates in techni- Osama bin Laden is just ■ One step in a cal fields, with 3.88 GPAs. a first step in a long long campaign China tested its newest short- campaign to fight terror- range ballistic missile, the CSS-7, in ism. In a CNN/USA ■ No opinion midÐDecember, as part of ongoing Today/Gallup poll con- tests to improve its accuracy, reported ducted in midÐDecember, the Washington Times. nine out of 10 said there 93% India tested an improved version was more to be done. of its nuclear-capable, surface-to- surface Prithvi missile, also in De- A similar question cember. revealed that more than Air Force Services named its top two-thirds of Americans 3% lodging performers for the 2001 Inn- believe that US forces keeper Awards: MidÐAtlantic Lodge should be used in other from , Azores, and White- countries harboring End military ■ man Inn from Whiteman AFB, Mo., terrorists. Just 30 percent action 30% took best large and small lodging feel that the US should ■ operations, respectively, in the unit bring its troops home if Use military category. Individual honors went to bin Laden is captured or elsewhere 67% SSgt. Sarah Allen, Lajes; SSgt. Car- killed and his terrorist No opinion ■ men Kubiak, Whiteman; SSgt. Eric network in Afghanistan Guitierrez, Andersen AFB, ; and destroyed. Misty Hironaka, Hickam AFB, Hawaii. The Air Force selected 3,408 first lieutenants for promotion to captain, personnel officials announced Dec. lator, the only one outside the US, in a mission-related reason. Major com- 6. The selection boards considered early December. Before, crews had mand senior enlisted leaders rec- 3,428 first lieutenants. to return to the States for training. ommended the change, said CMSAF USAF approved full-rate produc- Officials said the savings in time and Jim Finch, in view of the focus on tion of the Joint Primary Aircraft money add up on both sides of the retention. It is a one-time-only rule Training System, the T-6A Texan II, Atlantic. for re-enlistment eligible airmen. Of- produced by Raytheon, officials an- Personnel officials announced ficials said local personnel flights nounced in December. in December that airmen serving their have more information on the initia- Aerial refueling aircrews at RAF first term of enlistment now have the tive. Mildenhall, UK, got their first taste of choice to extend one year for their USAF awarded Honeywell a con- a new $10 million KC-135 flight simu- “personal convenience,” rather than tract potentially valued at $1.2 billion

AIR FORCE Magazine / February 2002 29 Aerospace World over 15 years for upgrades to the service’s satellite communications Gulf War Vets Exhibit Lou Gehrig’s Disease network. In December, CMSgt. Kenneth DOD and Veterans Affairs have found some evidence that Persian Gulf War F. Van Holbeck, US Transportation veterans are nearly twice as likely as their nondeployed counterparts to develop Command and Air Mobility Com- Lou Gehrig’s disease. mand command chief master ser- Lou Gehrig’s disease is the common name for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. geant, became the first enlisted The Yankees baseball star of the 1920s and 1930s died from ALS, which is a fatal person to accept and deliver a new neurological disease that destroys the nerve cells controlling muscle movement. C-17 airlifter. He accepted the 79th There is no cure for the disease. C-17 from Boeing in Long Beach, Death usually follows diagnosis within three to five years. VA health officials Calif., and flew on the aircraft to its said even with the new findings among Gulf War veterans, the disease is extremely rare, affecting only about one in 25,000 people. Among Gulf War home at McChord AFB, Wash. Hol- veterans, it’s one in 17,500. beck, who retired last month, called DOD provided most of the money for the $1.3 million epidemiological study, it a tremendous honor and said, “It which began in March 2000. The investigation involved nearly 700,000 service is a tremendous weapons system, members who served in Southwest Asia during Operations Desert Shield and but it is the enlisted men and women Desert Storm at some time from Aug. 2, 1990, to July 31, 1991. More than 1.8 ... who make it a weapon system.” million service members who did not deploy to the Persian Gulf were also Air Force officials cleared the interviewed. service’s C-141 transport aircraft to The study was done by researchers at the Durham VA and Duke University fly within days of grounding the fleet Medical Centers in North Carolina. It found 40 cases of ALS among the deployed veterans and 67 cases among the much larger nondeployed group. worldwide in late December after the Although the study had not yet met peer review, VA officials said the VA will wing on a Tennessee ANG C-141 provide compensation because of the progressively fatal nature of ALS. collapsed at Memphis Airport. Engi- The VA said it will contact those who were identified by the study and will help neers decided the problem was unique them file new claims or prosecute existing claims. It will also pay benefits to that airplane. retroactively to the date their claims are filed. Air Force investigators deter- There is no known cause for ALS, and officials said there is currently no mined that human and physiological scientific evidence pointing to what might have caused ALS among Gulf War factors caused the Sept. 5 crash of a veterans. T-37B training aircraft near Pine Bluff, Miss. A student pilot on a solo flight incorrectly performed a GÐawareness exercise and an associated antiÐG coastal patrols, where civilian vol- aided in Typhoon Lingling recovery in straining maneuver, causing him to unteers used privately owned air- the Philippines in November. Two of lose consciousness for several sec- craft to spot enemy submarines along the group’s MC-130 Combat Shadow onds. He then applied right rudder the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. Today, aircraft were in the Philippines, just and entered a spin, at which point he it performs more than 85 percent of two hours from the area hit, and deliv- could not recover the aircraft but inland search-and-rescue missions ered 20,000 pounds of supplies to ejected safely. in the continental US, as tasked by victims. More than 130 persons died Four earned USAF’s 2001 Lance the Air Force. in the typhoon and hundreds fled their P. Sijan Air Force Leadership Award, Crews from the 353rd Special Op- flooded homes, according to the Red said personnel officials. They were: erations Group, Kadena Air Base, Cross. ■ Lt. Col. Carlos R. CruzÐGonzalez, as commander of the 90th Civil Engi- neer Squadron, F.E. Warren AFB, Wyo.; Capt. Shawn W. Campbell, as Index to Advertisers the combat support flight commander for the 52nd Services Squadron at Spangdahlem AB, Germany; MSgt. Timothy A. Gerald from the Air Force Honor Guard, Bolling AFB, D.C.; and AFRC ...... 17 SSgt. Kile W. Stewart, as a rescue AT&T...... 11 crew chief for the 18th Civil Engineer BAE ...... 69 Squadron, Kadena AB, Japan. Boeing ...... 48Ð49 EDO ...... 63 A technical data specialist from GEICO ...... 89 the airborne accessories directorate Harris RF Communications ...... 7 at the Oklahoma City Air Logistics Lockheed Martin ...... Cover II Center, Tinker AFB, Okla., received Lockheed MartinÐAgusta ...... 21 $10,000 from the Air Force Innova- MBDA ...... 28 tive Development Through Employee Motion Models...... 9 Awareness Program for suggesting Northrop Grumman ...... 31, Cover III and developing the use of e-mail for Raytheon ...... 22Ð23 the technical order sales request pro- Rockwell Collins ...... Cover IV Smiths Aerospace ...... 77 cess. TEAC ...... 3 , the official aux- Textron ...... 55 iliary of the Air Force, marked its USAA ...... 5 60th anniversary Dec. 1. CAP be- came famous during World War II for New at AFA ...... 95

30 AIR FORCE Magazine / February 2002