Taxonomy of the Lichen Cladonia Rei and Its Status in Poland

Biologia 63/4: 493—497, 2008 Section Botany DOI: 10.2478/s11756-008-0092-1

Taxonomy of the lichen Cladonia rei and its status in Poland

Magdalena Syrek & Martin Kukwa

Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gda´nsk, Al. Legionów 9,PL-80–441 Gda´nsk, Poland; e-mails: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract: Cladonia rei (Cladoniaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), a species recently synonymised with C. subulata, deserves to be treated as a separate taxon. Since C. rei was very much neglected in Poland and most previous records referred to C. glauca and C. subulata, its distribution and habitat requirements in the country are reviewed. It is commoner in the eastern part of Poland, becoming rarer towards the west. Information on its chemical variation and general distribution are also provided. Key words: Cladonia rei; Cladonia subulata; lichen taxonomy; Poland

Introduction According to Nowak & Tobolewski (1975), C. rei re- acts P+ yellow or P–; however, when fumarprotoce- The lichen genus Cladonia Hill. comprises 71 species traric acid is present, the reation is P+ red (Purvis & in Poland (Faltynowicz 2003). Due to their size and James 1992; Burgaz & Ahti 1994; Hammer 1995). visibility in the field, they are frequently collected; al- Recently C. rei was synonymised with C. subulata though easily recognizable at the genus level, their tax- by Spier & Aptroot (2007), being reduced to a chemo- onomy and determination at lower taxonomic ranks type, since they did not find any morphological, ecolog- cause many problems. All taxa are morphologically ical or distributional correlation with the chemistry of quite variable due to their high plasticity caused by the two species. Their conclusions were based on mate- environmental factors. For a long time determination rial mostly from the Netherlands, with rather scanty of Cladonia species was based on morphological anal- representatives from other countries. In our opinion, yses and the chemistry was checked with simple spot this is not justified and much too early a solution for test reactions (see Motyka 1964), but the latter lacks this species complex. Therefore, we prefer to treat them precision for the correct determination of lichen sub- still as separate taxa, especially since have been shown stances, a very important character in Cladonia;this to be genetically different (Stenroos et al. 2002). resulted in a rather weak knowledge of species distribu- The aim of this paper is to provide evidence for re- tion in Poland, especially in those groups with similar taining C. rei as a separate entity based on the studies morphology and chemistry. However, thin layer chro- of literature and herbarium material from Poland. Our matography (TLC) provides enough chemical informa- research demonstrates that many specimens of C. rei, tion for the correct identification of most species (see depending on their reaction with P, were classified as e.g. Burgaz & Ahti 1994). However, to date, this has C. subulata or C. glauca and thus the frequency and only occasionally used for the determination of Polish distribution of C. rei were very much underestimated. Cladonia species (e.g. Kukwa 2000, 2005; Kowalewska Therefore, we provide information on its real distribu- & Kukwa 2003, 2004). tion in Poland, along with habitat requirements, chem- This is also true for very rarely reported Cladonia ical variation and general distribution. rei Schaer. and morphologically similar and common C. glauca Flörke and C. subulata (L.) Weber; these dif- Material and methods fer morphologically in some respects (e.g. C. rei has a more or less corticated basal part to the podetia; see All available specimens determined as Cladonia glauca, C. Swinscow & Krog 1988, Purvis & James 1992), but the rei and C. subulata were revised from the following herbaria: most significant differences are in the chemistry. C. rei KRA, KRAM, KTC, LOD, OLTC, POZ, SLTC, UGDA and herb. Kukwa (abbreviations follow Mirek et al. 1997 and produces homosekikaic acid, usually with sekikaic acid, Holmgren et al. 2003). Specimens were firstly examined un- and frequently also fumarprotocetraric acid. The last der a stereomicroscope, followed by chemical analyses using substance is the only main lichen metabolite in C. sub- thin layer chromatography (TLC) in solvent system A and ulata,whereasC. glauca contains squamatic acid (Ham- C according to Orange et al. (2001). For each sample, infor- mer 1995; Burgaz & Ahti 1994; Purvis & James 1992). mation on habitat requirements, chemistry, previous deter-

c 2008 Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences 494 M. Syrek & M. Kukwa

distributions (see below) and morphology. Many C. rei specimens had a more or less distinctly corticated base to their podetia, sometimes even up to the half of its length. Such specimens reminded one of C. cornuta (L.) Hoffm., but the cortex and podetia were more delicate than in the latter. A similar variability of cortex devel- opment is also known for other Cladonia species, e.g. C. digitata (L.) Hoffm. and C. ochrochlora Flörke (e.g. Purvis & James 1992), and we think it is acceptable in C. rei as well. The cortex was only rarely observed in C. subulata; however, compacted old soredia frequently formed a rough layer at the base of podetia, giving the impression of a cortex. As pointed out by Spier & Aptroot (2007), similar chemical variation as that found in the C. rei – C. subulata complex is also known in other species. However, to date no-one has proved that the chemotypes do not de- serve species rank, as the chemistry can be much more important in Cladonia and the taxonomy more complex (see Stenroos et al. 2002). This is exemplified by Fig. 1. Known distribution of Cladonia rei in Poland. samples of the so-called C. chlorophaea group as inves- tigated by Stenroos et al. (2002), among which were two specimens of C. grayi G.Merr., representing chemotypes minations, and collectors were noted. All examined localities with and without fumarprotocetraric acid (both with are mapped according to the modified ATPOL grid square grayanic acid), both collected in Finland, but rather system (Cie´sliński & Faltynowicz 1993; see also Kukwa et distantly related; also the seemingly distinctive C. me- al. 2002) (Fig. 1). rochlorophaea Asahina, a supposed synonym of C. grayi (see Aptroot et al. 2001), is a separate taxon. Therefore, Results we prefer to retain the chemically well-characterized C. rei at species rank. After the revision of almost 800 specimens of the group, 228 samples of C. rei were determined, of which over Chemistry 90% had been incorrectly referred to C. glauca or C. According to Purvis & James (1992), C. rei produces subulata. Clearly, many records of those two species are homosekikaic acid, but Hammer (1993) reported also doubtful, even if both taxa can still be considered as sekikaic acid. Those two substances, in combination common in the country (Syrek 2006). with subulate, powdery sorediate and usually corticated at the base podetia, which rarely end with irregular Taxonomy cups, distinguishes the species from other members of Spier & Aptroot (2007) considered C. rei to be merely the genus. It may also contain fumarprotocetraric acid, achemotypeofC. subulata. Their decision was based but this is not present in all individuals, at least in Eu- on material of both species coming mostly from the rope (Purvis & James 1992; Hammer 1993). Netherlands. They did not find any significant cor- In the case of Polish material, ca. 70% of speci- relation of morphology, ecology and distribution with mens contained fumarprotocetraric acid (with traces of the chemistry of the two species, and therefore united related substances), sometimes in minor, or even trace both taxa. They also found the UV-test to be unreli- amounts. We also found some variability in the produc- able for the detection of homosekikaic acid, leading to tion of homosekikaic and sekikaic acids. In ca. 66% of many misidentifications. They corroborated their de- studied individuals both substances were detected; ca. cision with the fact that similar chemical variation is 26% specimens produced only homosekikaic acid and alsoknowninotherCladonia taxa and no species rank ca. 8% only sekikaic acid. When the two substances is used for the chemotypes in such cases. Additionally, occur, their concentrations varied in different speci- in their opinion, the North American specimen used in mens, and sekikaic acid was found in high, low or trace DNA sampling for the cladistic study (see Stenroos et amounts. From our observations, one can conclude that al. 2002) might have been represented by a still unde- variability does not depend on habitat since we found scribed and distinct species; hence it was speculatively no correlation in between environment and chemistry. placed in a different clade than C. subulata (but the specimen was not studied by Spier & Aptroot 2007). Distribution and habitats in Poland We are of the opinion that their point of view is Cladonia rei was reported for the first time from Poland not fully supported and it is too early to unite both by Lettau in 1919 (see Cie´sliński 2003), since when it taxa. Although both taxa are indeed very similar, in has been recorded several times (Faltynowicz 2003 and Poland we found them to have some differences in their literature cited therein), but in many cases, reference Taxonomy of the lichen Cladonia rei 495 material was not available for this study. First con- NofGo´sciszewo village, 18.03.2001, leg. M. Kukwa109 firmed information was provided by Kukwa (2000) and (UGDA-L–12522). [Ac–72] –Lebień village byLupawa a few additional records are found in Cie´sliński (2003) river, 22.10.1992, leg. A. Kozlowska (SLTC). [Ad– and Kukwa (2005). In total, records from only 23 Polish 83] – Junoszyno, 29.09.1978, leg. H. Rams (UGDA- localities have been corroborated by chemical analyses. L–1230). [Ad–84] –K˛aty Rybackie nature reserve, Nowak & Tobolewski (1975) considered the species to 20.04.1995, leg. M. Kukwa (UGDA-L–9415). [Ad–85] be rare in the lowlands, but our investigation has shown – Krynica Morska village, 19.09.1981, leg. E. Budzbon that it occurs in both mountains and lowlands. How- (UGDA-L–1998). [Af–86] –RomnickaForest,forest ever, the sites are more numerous in eastern and central sections Nos 316 & 267, 1985, leg. S. Cie´sliński,Z.To- Poland (Fig. 1). Both C. glauca and C. subulata are bolewski (KTC). [Bc–31] – 5 km NW of Lipczynek equally distributed in both western and eastern parts village, on mosses over concrete, 03.11.1988, leg. W. of Poland (Syrek 2006). The differences in distribution Faltynowicz (UGDA-L–4059). [Bd–42] –Bialy Dwór of C. rei and C. subulata in Poland are in contrast to forest division, forest sections Nos 241 & 249, 1996, leg. the results obtained by Spier & Aptroot (2007). M. Kukwa (UGDA-L–9408, herb. Kukwa 53). [Bd– According to Cie´sliński (2003), C. rei is epigeic, 43] – Ca. 2 km S of Nowa Wie´s village, 11.12.1994, as confirmed by our research, with 92.5% of specimens leg. M. Kukwa (UGDA-L–9412). [Bd–96] –K˛aciki vil- being collected from soil; only very occasionally was it lage, 23.09.1975, leg. L. Olesiński (KRAM-L–30687). found on other substrata, such as tree bark, old straw, [Be–12] –2.5kmNWofLaniewo village, 11.05.1989, wood, rocks or mosses over rocks. From all available, leg. S. Cie´sliński (KTC). [Be–42] – Olsztyn city, Las but not necessarily complete, data collected from la- Miejski forest, Le´sna street, 22.08.2002 & 09.2004, leg. bels, we concluded that C. rei grows most frequently in D. Kubiak (OLTC). [Be–50] –StareJablonki vil- dry and sunny places. It seems to prefer more anthro- lage, 20.09.1994, leg. S. Cie´sliński (KTC). [Be–62] pogenous habitats than ecologically similar C. subulata. –Zaro´sl village near Stawiguda village, 09.05.1974, Interestingly, C. rei was reported from heavy metal- leg. J. Nowak (KRAM-L–31169 & 31451). [Be–69] contaminated habitats in Slovakia (Hajdúk & Lisická – Pilska Forest, forest section No. 224 03.09.1987, 1999), which may suggest that it has a high tolerance leg. S. Cie´sliński (KTC). [Be–70] –Drw˛eck village, to pollution. 03.10.1974, leg. L. Olesiński (KRAM-L–36825). [Be– 72] – 2 km NNE of Nadrowo village, 23.06.1996, leg. General distribution S. Cie´sliński (KTC). [Bf–19] – W of Flakowo vil- The species is widely distributed in Europe, e.g. Aus- lage, 30.08.1995, leg. S. Cie´sliński (KTC). [Bf–37] –1 tria (Hafellner & Türk, 2001), Belgium and Luxem- km W of Dlugie village, 01.09.1988, leg. S. Cie´sliński burg (Diederich & Sérusiaux 2000), Czech Republic (KTC). [Be–56] – Rutkowo village, 25.10.1975, leg. (Vězda & Liška 1999), Estonia (Randlane & Saag 1999), L. Olesiński (KRAM-L–30835). [Bf–46] –2.5kmE Lithuania (Motiej¯unait˙e 1999), Norway and Sweden of Pisanica, 31.08.1988, leg. S. Cie´sliński (KTC). [Bf– (Santesson 1993), Slovakia (Pišút et al. 1996) and Spain 50] –SmolakDu˙zy peatbog near Wierzby village, (Burgaz & Ahti 1994). Elsewhere it is known from on Betula sp., 08.08.1978, leg. J. Nowak (KRAM-L– Africa (e.g. Swinscow & Krog 1988; Hafellner 1995), 25011). [Bf–51] – 1 km NE of Szczechy Wielkie vil- Asia (Kurokawa 2003), Australia (Feuerer 2006), North lage, 07.09.1988, leg. S. Cie´sliński (KTC). [Bf–58] – America (e.g. Hammer, 1995) and South America (e.g. Near Tajno lake, 31.08.1995, leg. S. Cie´sliński (KTC). Motyka 1964). [Bf–63] – 3.5 km E of Biala Piska town, 26.08.1990, leg. S. Cie´sliński (KTC). [Bf–89] – 2.5 km NNE Selected specimens examined of Jasionówka village, 25.08.1991, leg. S. Cie´sliński (on soil, if not otherwise stated) [Ab–85] – Bukowno (KTC). [Bf–95] – 0.5 km of Kubrzany village, N of Split, between D˛abki and D˛abkowice villages, 10.07. Jedwabne town, 21.08.1990, leg. S. Cie´sliński (KTC). 1986, leg. W. Faltynowicz (UGDA-L–2828 & 2830). [Bg–11] – Augustowska Forest, 12.09.1986, leg. S. [Ad–83] –Biebrzański National Park, by Barwik set- Cie´sliński (KTC). [Bg–60] –1kmNNEofGrymiaczki tlement, 53◦2158N/22◦3233E, 14.09.2005, leg. M. village, 28.08.1990, leg. S. Cie´sliński (KTC). 2.5 km Kukwa 4604 (UGDA-L–12410). [Ad–83] – Vicinity of E of Suchowola village, 27.08.1995, leg. S. Cie´sliński Jantar village, 21.07.1978, leg. H. Rams (UGDA-L– (KTC). [Cb–51] – Stare Bielice village, 08.08.1984, 1226). [Af–97] – Szeszupka, 07.2000, leg. M. Kukwa leg. K. Czy˙zewska (LOD-L–7612). [Cd–83] – Pinczata- (UGDA-L–9405 & 9406). [Bb–98] – Barniewko vil- Jantekla village, 30.07.1984, leg. K. Czy˙zewska (LOD- lage near Okonek village, 09.08.1987, leg. D. L. Szla- L–7149). [Cd–96] – BetweenL˛ ack and Lucień villages, chetko (UGDA-L–3760). [Bc–25] – Ca. 0.5 km W 10.06.1983, leg. K. Czy˙zewska (LOD-L–6998).[Ce–77] of Schodno village, 16.06.2003, leg. M. Kukwa1841 – Grabowiec village near Pultusk town, 29.06.1984, (UGDA-L–10645). [Bc–68] – Stara Rzeka village, leg. K. Czy˙zewska (LOD- L–7536). [Cf–01] –Do- 53◦3846N/18◦1817E, 13.06.2004, leg. M. Kukwa brylas village, 14.05.1985, leg. K. Czy˙zewska (LOD- 3298 (UGDA-L–11776). [Bc–89] – 0.5 km W of Sul- L–8724). [Cf–36] – 2 km NW of Chojane–Sieroci˛eta nówko village, 23.06.1995, leg. M. Kukwa (UGDA-L– village, 01.09.1990, leg. S. Cie´sliński (KTC). [Cf–37] 9417). [Bc–97] – Czarnia nature reserve, 20.05.1975, – 2 km SW of Olszyna village, 27.08.1991, leg. S. leg. W. Faltynowicz (UGDA-L–968). [Bd–23] –1km Cie´sliński (KTC). [Cf–56] – 1 km NNW of Dzikowiny 496 M. Syrek & M. Kukwa village, 01.09.1990, leg. S. Cie´sliński (KTC). [Cf–66] – Swi˛´ etokrzyskie Mts, Jeleniów village, 05.09.1959, leg. – E of Tymianki village, 20.08.1990, leg. S. Cie´sliński G. Motyka (KTC). [Ef–85] – Janowskie Forest, S of (KTC). [Cg–03] – 1.5 km SW of Grodzisk village, Maliniec village, 50◦4210N/22◦1130E, 09.09.1999, 04.08.1994, leg. S. Cie´sliński (KTC). [Cg–11] – Bag- leg. L. Sliwa,´ B. Krzewicka (KRA). [Ef–94] – Lipa vil- nówka village near Bialystok town, 16.08.1983, leg. lage, 21.07.1984, leg. K. Czy˙zewska (LOD-L–7397 & K. Czy˙zewska (LOD-L–8201). [Cg–23] –3.5km 7378). [Ef–97] – Porytowe Wzgórze hill, 18.07.1984, NNW of Topolany village, on Betula sp., 28.06.1991, leg. K. Czy˙zewska (LOD-L–7299, 7316 & 7319). [Eg– leg. S. Cie´sliński (KTC). [Cg–33] – Narew village, 91] – Guciów village, SE of Zwierzyniec town, on 21.06.1987 & 25.06.1987, leg. K. Czy˙zewska (LOD- straw, 30.06.1952, leg. Z. Tobolewski (POZ). [Fb– L–7302 & 7400). [Cg–52] – 0,5 km E of Treszc- 13] –GóryStolowe Mts, near Du˙ze Torfowisko Ba- zotki village, 29.08.1991, leg. S. Cie´slinski´ (KTC). torowskiego peatbog, 24.08.1952, leg. Z. Tobolewski [Cg–62] – Kleszczele-Piaski village, 26.06.1987, leg. (Tobolewski, Lichenoth. Polon. No 22, sub. Cladonia K. Czy˙zewska (LOD-L–9003). [Cg–64] – Czerlonka subulata; LOD-L–9, UGDA). [Fd–38] –Golaczewy village, 29.03.2001, leg. M. Kukwa403 (UGDA-L). village near Wolbrom town, 09.1956, leg. J. Nowak [Cg–72] – W of Bialowieska Forest, Jelonka na- (KRAM-L–193). [Fd–77] – Przeginia Duchowna vil- ture reserve, 03.05.1979, leg. S. Cie´sliński,A.Don- lage, Wzgórze Kajasówka hill, alt. 260 m, 01.03.1992, ica (KTC). SW of Bialowieska Forest, near Jelonka leg. J. Nowak (KRAM-L–26387). [Fd–99] – Tokar- village, 1980, leg. S. Cie´sliński (KTC). [Cg–80] – nia village, Jaworzyna settlement, alt. ca. 700 m, Hornowo village, 12.08.1992, leg. S. Cie´sliński (KTC). 13.10.1996, leg. J. Nowak (KRAM-L–43482). [Fe– [Db–09] –Poznań town, 02.06.1999, leg. W. Rakowski 35] – Harmonijny village near Nowy Korczyn village, (UGDA-L–9418).[Dd–68] –Grzmi˛aca Stara village, 07.11.1963, leg. J. Nowak (KRAM-L–17991). [Fe–42] 07.1999, leg. K. Czy˙zewska (LOD-L–10910). [Dd–91] – –Ko´scielec village near Chrzanów town, 09.11.1995, Chalupki village, 13.05.1983, leg. K. Czy˙zewska (LOD- leg. J. Nowak (KRAM-L–42281, 42289, 42285, 42293 L–6409). [De–40] – Dzierzgów village, 17.05.1999, leg. & 42294). [Fe–52] – Ispina village, 18.08.1960, leg. J. K. Czy˙zewska (LOD-L–10650 & 10599). [De–73] – Kiszka (KRAM-L–6607). [Fe–72] –Stanislawice vil- Rawa Mazowiecka forest inspectorate, forest section lage, 18.10.1959, leg.J.Kiszka (KRAM-L–6620). [Fe– No. 98, Tr˛ebacz range, 21.09.1970, leg. K. Czy˙zewska 84] – Krasna Góra Mt., alt. 350 m, 24.03.2000, leg. P. (LOD-L–680). [Df–01] – Niemirów village by Bug Stolarczyk (KRA). Lipnica Murowana village, alt. 350 river, 01.08.1997, leg. S. Cie´sliński (KTC). [Df–09] m, 30.07.1999, leg. P. Stolarczyk (KRA). [Fg–00] – – Wólka village by Bug river, 09.08.1986, leg. K. Terespol town, 19.07.1984, leg. K. Czy˙zewska (LOD- Czy˙zewska (LOD-L–7440). [Dg–00] –2kmofMiel- L–7305). [Gd–05] – Zakocierz village near Kocierz nik town, 12.08.1996, leg. S. Cie´sliński (KTC). [Ec–59] stream, alt. ca. 600 m, 10.08.1960, leg. J. Nowak – Kowale village near Praszka town, 25.06.1964, leg. (KRAM-L–6536). [Gd–09] – Tokarnia village, val- J. Nowak (KRAM-L–12957). [Ed–09] – Smaradzewice ley of Proszkowców Potok stream, alt. ca. 420 m, forest inspectorate, forest section No. 216j, 16.10.1974, 04.10.1996, leg.J.Nowak (KRAM-L–43219). [Gd–14] leg.K.Czy˙zewska (LOD-L–3394). [Ed–14] –Ro´zdzina – Kiczora Mt. on Przyl˛eków village, alt. ca. 720 m, village, 15.04.1985, leg. K. Czy˙zewska (LOD-L–8688). 23.09.1964, leg. J. Nowak (KRAM-L–15307). [Gd–15] [Ed–21] – Szynkielów village, 03.06.1964, leg. J. – Mutne village, alt. ca. 450 m, 17.09.1965, leg. J. Nowak (KRAM-L–13196). Ibidem, 12.07.1977, leg. I. Nowak (KRAM-L–13504). [Gd–24] – Milówka village, Gó´zd´z (LOD-L–4304). [Ed–23] –Stanislawów I village, alt. ca. 800 m, 27.09.1964, leg. J. Nowak (KRAM-L– 26.07.1983, leg. K. Czy˙zewska (LOD-L–6901). [Ed– 16579). [Gd–33] – Vicinity of Rycerka Górna village, 34] – Faustynów village 25.08.1981, leg. K. Czy˙zewska Srubita´ stream valley, alt. ca. 760 m, 12.12.1964, leg. (LOD-L–5658). [Ed–41] –Góra´sw. Genowefy Mt., J. Nowak (KRAM-L–14424). [Ge–00] –Nied´zwiedzia 23.06.1964, leg. J. Nowak (KRAM-L–11980). [Ed–46] Góra Mt. near Tenczyn village, on wood, 12.04.1956, – Radomsko forest inspectorate, forest section No. 14, leg. J. Nowak (KRAM-L–5720). [Ge–22] – Twaroga Fryszerka range, 17.08.1970, leg. K. Czy˙zewska (LOD- Mt., alt. ca. 800 m, 09.09.1960, leg. K. Glanc (KRAM- L–2937). [Ed–48] –B˛akowa Góra village, 10.09.1981, L–29065). [Ge–23] – Tylmanowa village, alt. 410 m, leg. P. Witoslwaski (LOD-L–5773). [Ed–51] –Pa- on rocks, 29.08.1990, leg.L.Sliwa´ (KRA). [Ge–24] rzymiechy village, 05.06.1964, leg. J. Nowak (KRAM- – Roztoka Ryterska village, alt. 400 m, 21.07.1990, L–12468 & 124747). [Ed–67] – Gidle forest inspec- leg. L. Sliwa´ (KRA). [Ge–25] – Makowica Mt., alt. torate, forest section No. 222, Zytno˙ range, 08.11.1972, 850 m, 02.08.1989, leg. L. Sliwa´ (KRA). [Ge–26] – leg. K. Czy˙zewska (LOD-L–2945 & 2945). [Ed–70] Labowiec village, alt. 510 m, 12.07.1989, leg. L. Sliwa´ – Kotowe village near Oleszno village, 19.06.1974, (KRA). [Ge–34] – Potok Sielski stream valley, alt. 620, leg. K. Czy˙zewska (LOD-L–3389). [Ed–96] – vicinity 29.06.1965, leg. M. Olech (KRA). [Ge–35] –Kicarz Janów Bystrzanowice village, 15.07.1988 & 17.09.1977, Mt., alt. 590 m, 29.04.1989, leg. L. Sliwa´ (KRA). [Ge– leg. D. Kowalska,K.Czy˙zewska (LOD-L–10124 & 36] –WierchomlaMala village, alt. 550 m, on stone, 10130). [Ee–00] – Teofilów village near Spala village, 04.09.1989, leg. L. Sliwa´ (KRA). [Ge–46] – Muszyna 07.06.1983, leg. K. Czy˙zewska (LOD-L–6990). [Ee–72] town, s.coll. (KRAM-L–20773). [Gf–02] –Prz˛adki na- – Swi˛´ etokrzyskie Mts, Miedzianka Mt. near Zaj˛aczkowo ture reserve, alt. 460– 520 m, 49◦4430N, 21◦4840E, vilage, 06.09.1976, leg. Z. Tobolewski (POZ). [Ee–77] 05.05.1999, leg. L. Sliwa,´ B. Krzewicka (KRA). [Gf– Taxonomy of the lichen Cladonia rei 497

58] – Bieszczady Mts, Smerek Mt., alt. ca. 820 m, Kowalewska A. & Kukwa M. 2004. New records of Cladonia on wood, 22.06.1955, leg. K. Glanc (KRAM-L–29060). monomorpha (Cladoniaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) from 17: [Gf–69] – Bieszczady Zachodnie Mts, NE of Polonina Europe. Herzogia 103–105. Kukwa M. 2000. Porosty i grzyby naporostowe zachodniej cz˛e´sci Caryńska pass, alt. ca. 780 m, 23.09.1958 & 24.09.1958, Pojezierza Ilawskiego (Polska pólnocna). Fragm. Florist. leg. K. Glanc (KRAM-L–28845 & 28846). Geobot. Ser. Polonica 7: 281–297. Kukwa M. 2005. Nowe stanowiska rzadkich i interesuj˛acych porostów na Pomorza Gdańskim. Cz˛e´sć I. Acta Bot. Cassub. Acknowledgements 5: 95–111. Kukwa M., Motiej¯unait˙e J., Rutkowski P. & Zalewska A. 2002. We would like to thank the curators of herbaria for the New or interesting records of lichenicolous fungi from Poland. 15: loan of the specimens, anonymous reviewers for valuable Part I. Herzogia 129–139. Kurokawa S. 2003. 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