DOCSLIB.ORG

Galaxy Portal Cross-Platform App Development and Dissemination Master's Thesis Claus Børnich

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Galaxy Portal Cross-Platform App Development and Dissemination Master's Thesis Claus Børnich UNIVERSITY OF OSLO Department of Informatics Galaxy Portal Cross-platform app development and dissemination Master’s thesis Claus Børnich Spring, 2015 Abstract This thesis presents the development of an app for mobile devices intended to access the Galaxy bioinformatics service to monitor the status of running analysis jobs. The Galaxy service is widely used in bioinformatics and uses a web-interface, but the interface design did not anticipate the rapid adoption of mobile technologies, such as smartphones and tablets, and so is difficult to use on a small touchscreen device. A bioin- formatics project in Galaxy can often involve several steps where each step depends on the results of previous computations. The analysis processes for such computation jobs can run for a long time, potentially days or weeks. Further progress often depends on the result, and may require new such jobs, creating a chain of analysis processes building upon previous results. The Galaxy Portal app developed in this thesis provides a way for researchers to easily monitor the status of their jobs on a mobile device as a more con- venient and efficient way to track progress than returning to a computer at regular inter- vals. The app was developed as free and open source software using the GNU General Pub- lic License (GPL), using a cross-platform framework, with the source history, binary re- leases and user guide freely available on the GitHub code repository. A completed version of the app was also distributed on multiple operating system platforms, including the Android and Apple's iOS marketplace, and so is freely available to be installed on an iPhone, iPad or any Android device. The app is currently on version 1.1 with focus on monitoring running jobs, but also provides additional functionality for inspecting results and metadata. Developing a mobile app using the GPL open source license created legal challenges that were overcome by dual licensing the software and underlying framework. As part of this thesis a short paper was written and submitted to a scientific journal, and additional authors from the faculty at the university of Oslo and the Galaxy team in the US were invited to participate. Preface With my thesis I wanted to develop not just a proof of concept app, but a complete product available for researchers to install and use. Before starting my master I did not have any experience developing mobile apps and so I had to learn all aspects of the pro- cess and I have tried to share the key insights of this learning in this thesis. In order to achieve my goal of creating and distributing an app there were many prac- tical hurdles that had to be overcome, such as purchasing developer licenses for those platforms, creating marketplace screenshots and descriptions, setting up forums for invit- ing testers, filling out forms to obtain content ratings and so on. I also decided to write a user guide to illustrate how to use the app and what it could do, and in order to use the open source GNU General Public License (GPL) I had to ensure that the source would be available with each release. Using the GPL caused its own problems which was only solved by obtaining a commercial license for the Qt framework the app is built on and dual licensing the app. My supervisor was very supportive and helped me arrange for the University to cover the costs, but this created its own practical problems of transferring license ownership. Taken together all the many small and large practical steps that had to be taken to get the app out into the wild added a lot of extra work and time that is not easy to account for. However, going through the process, reaching out to potential users and exchanging emails with Qt support and sales has been enlightening, and provided me with a much better insight into what it takes to turn an idea into a software product. When presented with the idea by my supervisor of publishing in a scientific journal I jumped at the chance, but it did mean adding a second goal to this thesis. The plan that was agreed and followed was for me to write an initial version without any external guid- ance or input to include as my own work, and then to invite co-authors to contribute to a revised version for submission. There is a lot of code written for the app and readers are encouraged to investigate the source, report any bugs found, and if so inclined do a fork and develop it further. Thank you for reading. Acknowledgements Geir Kjetil Sandve – My supervisor for giving me the freedom to find my own way while offering advise, support and direction when needed. For organising the weekly Mas- ter student group meetings at the BMI department so that we could learn from each oth- er and encouraging a friendly and fun learning environment. For participating in and helping to organise the collaboration on the Bioinformatics journal paper. For assisting in getting developer accounts and licenses, and not least for lending me both his iPhone and iPad to enable the release of an iOS version of the app. Martin Čech - Galaxy Team Member from Pennsylvania State University for testing the app, contributing to the scientific journal paper and providing valuable feedback pointing out bugs, a better way to log in and not least who’s encouragement helped mo- tivate further development at an early stage. Jonas Paulsen and Eivind Hovig – For agreeing to work with me on the scientific journal paper and providing suggestions for both the paper and the app. Sveinung Gundersen and Morten Johansen – For help getting started with Galaxy when I did not know anything about how to use the API. Wolfgang Leister and Trenton Schulz – For taking the time to answer my ques- tions about licensing, and to Wolfgang and Nils Damm Christophersen for teaching a very interesting and incredibly useful course on the subject of licensing and FOSS. Nils Damm Christophersen – For being interested, encouraging and contributing to make the university a friendly place. Family – Last, but certainly not least. Making it possible for me to do a degree by providing me with invaluable support, understanding and not least assuming both the night and day shift on countless occasions in the loving care of our baby daughter so that I could work on my app, journal and thesis. Contents Part I - Background 17 1 Introduction 19 1.1 Goals..............................................................................................................................21 1.2 Overview......................................................................................................................21 1.2.1 Part I - Background..........................................................................................................................21 1.2.2 Part II - Implementation..................................................................................................................21 1.2.3 Part III - Dissemination....................................................................................................................21 1.2.4 Part IV - Discussion..........................................................................................................................22 2 Mobile Technologies 23 2.1 Mobile Applications....................................................................................................23 2.2 Mobile Software Platform Market.............................................................................24 2.3 Cross-Platform Deployment......................................................................................27 2.4 App Design Considerations.......................................................................................28 3 Licensing 30 3.1 Open Source Software.................................................................................................30 3.2 Licensing of the Software Ecosystem.......................................................................31 3.2.1 GPL and LGPL License....................................................................................................................31 3.2.2 MIT License.......................................................................................................................................32 3.2.3 BSD License.......................................................................................................................................32 3.2.4 Apache License.................................................................................................................................33 3.2.5 Academic Free License....................................................................................................................33 4 Mobile Development 34 4.1 Mobile Platform Development..................................................................................35 4.1.1 Android App Development............................................................................................................35 4.1.2 iOS App Development.....................................................................................................................39 4.1.3 Windows Phone...............................................................................................................................40 4.2 PhoneGap.....................................................................................................................41 4.2.1 Background.......................................................................................................................................41
Load more

Recommended publications
  • SGP Technologies Et INNOV8 Annoncent Le Lancement En Avant-Première Mondiale Du Smartphone BLACKPHONE Dans Les Boutiques LICK
    PRESS RELEASE SGP Technologies et INNOV8 annoncent le lancement en avant-première mondiale du smartphone BLACKPHONE dans les boutiques LICK Paris (France) / Geneva (Suisse), 5 Juin 2014. Blackphone, le premier smartphone qui permet la sécurité de la vie privée des utilisateurs, sera lancé en avant-première cet été en France chez LICK, 1er réseau de boutiques 2.0 dédié aux objets connectés. SGP Technologies (Joint-Venture entre Silent Circle et Geeksphone) créateur du BLACKPHONE a choisi le groupe INNOV8, pour dévoiler le premier smartphone qui respecte la vie privée, à l’occasion de l’ouverture de LICK (Groupe INNOV8), le premier réseau de boutiques 2.0 dédié aux objets connectés, le 5 juin au Concept Store des 4 Temps à la Défense. Dès cet été, LICK sera le premier réseau de magasins autorisé à distribuer cette innovation technologique. La distribution sera ensuite ouverte à d’autres canaux en France via Extenso Telecom (Leader de la distribution de smartphones, accessoires et objets connectés en France) afin de proposer au plus grand nombre cette innovation technologique en phase avec les attentes des clients soucieux du respect de leur vie privée et de leur sécurité. "La France est connue pour être très ouverte à l’innovation. Nous sommes heureux de travailler avec le groupe INNOV8 pour lancer le Blackphone sur ce marché important en Europe et d'offrir aux utilisateurs de smartphones une solution inégalée pour la protection de leur vie privée et de leur sécurité», a déclaré Tony Bryant, VP Sales de SGP Technologies. « Nous sommes convaincus que la technologie devient un véritable style de vie.
    [Show full text]
  • Simple Plotter Documentation Release 0.0.0
    simple_plotter Documentation Release 0.0.0 Thies Hecker Mar 30, 2020 Contents: 1 Getting started 3 1.1 Desktop..................................................3 1.2 Android..................................................3 1.3 Configuration options..........................................4 1.4 Requirements...............................................4 1.5 Source code...............................................4 2 User guide 7 2.1 Overview.................................................7 2.2 Defining an equation...........................................7 2.3 Creating a plot..............................................8 2.4 Adjust the plot appearance........................................8 2.5 Constants.................................................9 2.6 Plotting curve sets............................................ 10 2.7 Plot labels................................................ 11 2.8 Load, save and export.......................................... 12 2.9 Advanced usage............................................. 12 3 Licenses 17 3.1 simple-plotter............................................... 17 3.2 simple-plotter-qt............................................. 18 3.3 simple-plotter4a............................................. 18 3.4 simple-plotter4a binary releases (Android)............................... 18 4 Contributing 43 4.1 Concept.................................................. 43 4.2 Package versions............................................. 43 4.3 Building conda packages........................................
    [Show full text]
  • How the Rise of Big Data and Predictive Analytics Are Changing the Attorney's Duty of Competence Peter Segrist
    NORTH CAROLINA JOURNAL OF LAW & TECHNOLOGY Volume 16 | Issue 3 Article 6 3-1-2015 How the Rise of Big Data and Predictive Analytics Are Changing the Attorney's Duty of Competence Peter Segrist Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncjolt Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Peter Segrist, How the Rise of Big Data and Predictive Analytics Are Changing the Attorney's Duty of Competence, 16 N.C. J.L. & Tech. 527 (2015). Available at: http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncjolt/vol16/iss3/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology by an authorized administrator of Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NORTH CAROLINA JOURNAL OF LAW & TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 16, ISSUE 3: MARCH 2015 HOW THE RISE OF BIG DATA AND PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS ARE CHANGING THE ATTORNEY’S DUTY OF COMPETENCE Peter Segrist* If the legal profession had been able to foresee in the late 1990s and early 2000s, prior to the meteoric rise and ensuing cultural ubiquity of social media, that every tagged spring break photo, 2:00 a.m. status update, and furious wall post would one day be vulnerable to potential exposure in the cold, unforgiving light of civil and criminal litigation, attorneys would have been well-advised to discuss the ramifications of such actions, statements, and disclosures with their clients. Today, a similar phenomenon is looming in the form of the collection, aggregation, analysis and sale of personal data, and it will be the prudent attorney who competently advises his clients to stay ahead of the curve.
    [Show full text]
  • Kivy Documentation Release 1.9.2-Dev0
    Kivy Documentation Release 1.9.2-dev0 www.kivy.org CONTENTS I User’s Guide3 1 Installation 5 2 Philosophy 25 3 Contributing 27 4 FAQ 39 5 Contact Us 43 II Programming Guide 45 6 Kivy Basics 47 7 Controlling the environment 53 8 Configure Kivy 57 9 Architectural Overview 59 10 Events and Properties 63 11 Input management 71 12 Widgets 77 13 Graphics 97 14 Kv language 99 15 Integrating with other Frameworks 109 16 Best Practices 113 17 Advanced Graphics 115 18 Packaging your application 117 III Tutorials 137 19 Pong Game Tutorial 139 i 20 A Simple Paint App 151 IV API Reference 161 21 Kivy framework 163 22 Adapters 249 23 Core Abstraction 257 24 Kivy module for binary dependencies. 283 25 Effects 285 26 Extension Support 289 27 Garden 293 28 Graphics 295 29 Input management 363 30 Kivy Language 381 31 External libraries 401 32 Modules 403 33 Network support 413 34 Storage 417 35 NO DOCUMENTATION (package kivy.tools) 423 36 Widgets 427 V Appendix 621 37 License 623 Python Module Index 625 ii Welcome to Kivy’s documentation. Kivy is an open source software library for the rapid development of applications equipped with novel user interfaces, such as multi-touch apps. We recommend that you get started with Getting Started. Then head over to the Programming Guide. We also have Create an application if you are impatient. You are probably wondering why you should be interested in using Kivy. There is a document outlining our Philosophy that we encourage you to read, and a detailed Architectural Overview.
    [Show full text]
  • Tii Internet Intelligence Newsletter
    TODDINGTON INTERNATIONAL INC. TII INTERNET INTELLIGENCE NEWSLETTER MARCH 2014 EDITION IN THIS EDITION FEATURED ARTICLES: WELCOME TO THE MARCH EDITION OF THE TII ONLINE • Tor Project Updates RESEARCH AND INTELLIGENCE NEWSLETTER • Smart Phone Spying for the Masses • Secure Communications: Silent We’d like to thank all of those who attended last month’s 3-day Circle and Geeksphone Release Internet Intelligence workshops in Vancouver and Toronto. With a “Blackphone” full compliment of delegates from Canada, the US, the Caribbean, • Deanonymizing Documents and Europe and the Middle East, the workshops represented a great Identifying Authorship Through learning and networking opportunity, as well as a chance to see two Stylometry of Canada’s most beautiful cities. • Changing Our World: The Internet of With updated curriculums, our next Canadian-based 3-day Things Advanced Internet Intelligence Training conferences will be in Vancouver at the Pan Pacific Hotel September 22 - 24, 2014 and UPCOMING EVENTS: Toronto at the Royal York Hotel October 6 - 8, 2014. • OSIRA Inaugural Conference - We will also be conducting a 2-day Advanced Online OSINT London: May 7th - 8th workshop in Hong Kong April 2nd to 3rd, 2014, and presenting our bi-annual 3-day Internet Intelligence Training conference at RESOURCES FOR INVESTIGATORS & INTELLIGENCE the University of Cambridge in conjunction with our friends at the PROFESSIONALS: International Chamber of Commerce, Commercial Crime Services, April 7th to 9th, 2014. • eLearning “Using the Internet as an Investigative Research Tool” Congratulations to our students who have completed our e-Learning • Useful Sites & Resources for courses in the last two months: Paul Smith, Annette Scheer, Laureen Investigators Molulu-Knight - Custom House, Frank Sirianni - Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation, Chris Pyer - UK, Steve Ganyu - RBC, Michelle • Also of Interest Cameron - RCMP and Alexandra Phillips - Australian Defence.
    [Show full text]
  • Python-For-Android Documentation Release 0.1
    python-for-android Documentation Release 0.1 Alexander Taylor Jun 04, 2020 Contents 1 Contents 3 1.1 Getting Started..............................................3 1.2 Build options...............................................7 1.3 Commands................................................ 11 1.4 distutils/setuptools integration...................................... 12 1.5 Recipes.................................................. 14 1.6 Bootstraps................................................ 21 1.7 Services.................................................. 22 1.8 Working on Android........................................... 23 1.9 Troubleshooting............................................. 26 1.10 Launcher................................................. 29 1.11 Contributing............................................... 30 1.12 Old p4a toolchain doc.......................................... 30 1.13 Indices and tables............................................ 56 2 Indices and tables 57 Python Module Index 59 Index 61 i ii python-for-android Documentation, Release 0.1 python-for-android is an open source build tool to let you package Python code into standalone android APKs that can be passed around, installed, or uploaded to marketplaces such as the Play Store just like any other Android app. This tool was originally developed for the Kivy cross-platform graphical framework, but now supports multiple bootstraps and can be easily extended to package other types of Python app for Android. python-for-android supports two major operations;
    [Show full text]
  • KIVY - a Framework for Natural User Interfaces
    KIVY - A Framework for Natural User Interfaces Nik Klever Faculty of Computer Sciences University of Applied Sciences Augsburg Source of all Slides adopted from http://www.kivy.org Nik Klever University of Applied Sciences Augsburg Kivy - Open Source Library Kivy is an ● Open Source Python library for ● rapid development of applications that make use of ● innovative user interfaces, such as multi-touch apps. Nik Klever University of Applied Sciences Augsburg Cross Platform Kivy is running on ● Linux, ● Windows, ● MacOSX, ● Android and ● IOS You can run the same code on all supported platforms. It can use natively most input protocols and devices like ● WM_Touch, WM_Pen on Windows, ● Mac OS X Trackpad and Magic Mouse on MacOSX, ● mtdev, Linux Kernel HID, TUIO on Linux. A multi-touch mouse simulator is included. Nik Klever University of Applied Sciences Augsburg Business Friendly Kivy is 100% free to use, under LGPL 3 licence. The toolkit is professionally developed, backed and used. You can use it in a product and sell your product. The framework is stable and has a documented API, plus a programming guide to help for in the first step. Nik Klever University of Applied Sciences Augsburg GPU accelerated The graphics engine is built over OpenGL ES 2, using modern and fast way of doing graphics. The toolkit is coming with more than 20 widgets designed to be extensible. Many parts are written in C using Cython, tested with regression tests. Nik Klever University of Applied Sciences Augsburg Philosophy - 1 Fresh Kivy is made for today and tomorrow. Novel input methods such as Multi- Touch have become increasingly important.
    [Show full text]
  • Zapdroid: Managing Infrequently Used Applications on Smartphones Indrajeet Singh Srikanth V
    ZapDroid: Managing Infrequently Used Applications on Smartphones Indrajeet Singh Srikanth V. Krishnamurthy Harsha V. Madhyastha UC Riverside UC Riverside University of Michigan [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Iulian Neamtiu UC Riverside [email protected] ABSTRACT More generally, users may only interact with some down- User surveys have shown that a typical user has over loaded apps infrequently (i.e., not use them for prolonged a hundred apps on her smartphone [1], but stops using periods). These apps continue to operate in the back- many of them. We conduct a user study to identify such ground and have significant negative effects (e.g., leak unused apps, which we call zombies, and show via exper- private information or significantly tax resources such iments that zombie apps consume significant resources as the battery). Unfortunately, users are often unaware on a user's smartphone and access her private informa- of such app activities. We call such seldom-used apps, tion. We then design and build ZapDroid, which enables which indulge in undesired activities, \zombie apps." users to detect and silo zombie apps in an effective way In this paper, we seek to build a framework, ZapDroid, to to prevent their undesired activities. If and when the identify and subsequently quarantine such zombie apps user wishes to resume using such an app, ZapDroid re- to stop their undesired activities. Since a user can change stores the app quickly and effectively. Our evaluations her mind about whether or not to use an app, a zombie show that: (i) ZapDroid saves twice the energy from un- app must be restored quickly if the user chooses.1 wanted zombie app behaviors as compared to apps from the Play Store that kill background unwanted processes, The classification of an app as a zombie app is inher- and (ii) it effectively prevents zombie apps from using ently subjective.
    [Show full text]
  • Gradle and Build Systems for C Language 28.4.2014 FI MUNI, Brno
    Gradle and build systems for C language 28.4.2014 FI MUNI, Brno Juraj Michálek http://georgik.sinusgear.com Grab the source code https://github.com/georgik/fimuni-c-cpp-examples.git Who am I? SDL Gradle CMake Nuget tiobe.com - programming lang. index Let’s start with something cool The Battle for Wesnoth Multiplatform SDL officially supports Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, iOS, and Android. SDL versions 1.2 stable - rock solid 2.x development - new features Some basic concepts SDL_init(flags) SDL_INIT_TIMER - The timer subsystem SDL_INIT_AUDIO - The audio subsystem SDL_INIT_VIDEO - The video subsystem SDL_INIT_CDROM - The cdrom subsystem SDL_INIT_JOYSTICK - The joystick subsystem SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING - All of the above SDL_INIT_NOPARACHUTE - Prevents SDL from catching fatal signals SDL_INIT_EVENTTHREAD - Runs the event manager in a separate thread Quit application SDL_quit() Window SDL_CreateWindow("Hello World!", 100, 100, 640, 480, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN); Load bitmap SDL_Surface *bmp = NULL; bmp = SDL_LoadBMP("./smajlik.bmp"); Visual data SDL_Renderer SDL_Texture Keyboard SDL_PollEvent(SDL_Event *event) event.key.keysym.sym Timer SDL_TimerID SDL_AddTimer( Uint32 interval, SDL_TimerCallback callback, void* param) Mouse SDL_GetMouseState(*x, *y); Text Not implemented Extensions extension for many languages: C++, Java, Lua, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby Made with SDL Autiomation Evolved Domain Specific Language gradle tasks build.gradle gradle tasks gradle hello Plugin system ● focussed functionality is added by plugins ● reuse patterns and practices ● avoiding
    [Show full text]
  • Building Android Apps in Python Using Kivy with Android Studio with Pyjnius, Plyer, and Buildozer
    Building Android Apps in Python Using Kivy with Android Studio With Pyjnius, Plyer, and Buildozer Ahmed Fawzy Mohamed Gad Building Android Apps in Python Using Kivy with Android Studio Ahmed Fawzy Mohamed Gad Faculty of Computers & Information, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom, Egypt ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4842-5030-3 ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4842-5031-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-5031-0 Copyright © 2019 by Ahmed Fawzy Mohamed Gad This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Trademarked names, logos, and images may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, logo, or image we use the names, logos, and images only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made.
    [Show full text]
  • Untraceable Links: Technology Tricks Used by Crooks to Cover Their Tracks
    UNTRACEABLE LINKS: TECHNOLOGY TRICKS USED BY CROOKS TO COVER THEIR TRACKS New mobile apps, underground networks, and crypto-phones are appearing daily. More sophisticated technologies such as mesh networks allow mobile devices to use public Wi-Fi to communicate from one device to another without ever using the cellular network or the Internet. Anonymous and encrypted email services are under development to evade government surveillance. Learn how these new technology capabilities are making anonymous communication easier for fraudsters and helping them cover their tracks. You will learn how to: Define mesh networks. Explain the way underground networks can provide untraceable email. Identify encrypted email services and how they work. WALT MANNING, CFE President Investigations MD Green Cove Springs, FL Walt Manning is the president of Investigations MD, a consulting firm that conducts research related to future crimes while also helping investigators market and develop their businesses. He has 35 years of experience in the fields of criminal justice, investigations, digital forensics, and e-discovery. He retired with the rank of lieutenant after a 20-year career with the Dallas Police Department. Manning is a contributing author to the Fraud Examiners Manual, which is the official training manual of the ACFE, and has articles published in Fraud Magazine, Police Computer Review, The Police Chief, and Information Systems Security, which is a prestigious journal in the computer security field. “Association of Certified Fraud Examiners,” “Certified Fraud Examiner,” “CFE,” “ACFE,” and the ACFE Logo are trademarks owned by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners, Inc. The contents of this paper may not be transmitted, re-published, modified, reproduced, distributed, copied, or sold without the prior consent of the author.
    [Show full text]
  • Ace-Q1-Sep-2016
    P1 / MOBILE P2 / NANOSTRUCTURED P3 / SCREENLESS P4 / THE REAL 4G COLLABORATION CARBON COMPOSITES DISPLAY Such breakthroughs could The app synchronized his New techniques to Holographic colour video give networks some 30 times Recyclable contributions with everyone nanostructure carbon fibres display with the resolution as much capacity as LTE- else’s for novel composites of a standard TV. Advanced. Thermoset Plastics Called poly(hexahydrotriazine)s, or PHTs, these can be dissolved in strong acid, A new kind of plastic to cut landfill waste breaking apart the polymer chains into component monomers that can then be NEW HORIZON COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Plastics are divided into thermoplastics and reassembled into new products. Like thermoset plastics. The former can be heated and traditional unrecyclable thermosets, these shaped many times and are ubiquitous in the new structures are rigid, resistant to heat ADVANCED CONTEMPORARY and tough, with the same potential modern world, comprising everything from applications as their unrecyclable children’s toys to lavatory seats. Because they can forerunners. EMERGING TECHNOLOGY be melted down and reshaped, thermoplastics are Although no recycling is 100 percent generally recyclable. Thermoset plastics, however, efficient, this innovation—if widely can only be heated and shaped once, after which deployed—should speed up the move DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ACE / Q1 / SEP 2016 molecular changes mean they are “cured,” impossible to recycle. As a result, most thermoset toward a circular economy, with a big reduction in landfill waste from plastics. We retaining their shape and strength even when polymers end up as landfill. Given the ultimate expect recyclable thermoset polymers to subjected to intense heat and pressure.
    [Show full text]