Euromodel - Derrfflinger.08.running . July 2020

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An interpretive review of the Derfflinger 17C Dutch Fluyt 1675 Scale 1:80

Checked the Essential Resource

Information File ?

08. July 2020

My interpretive build is based on the supplied drawings, the kit material – and an amount of m aterial.

This work only illustrates how this ship might be built.The level of

complexity chosen is up to the individual

This resource information was based on the original text supplied by Euromodel and then expanded in detail as the actual ship was constructed by the author, Peter Coward. Neither the author or Euromodel have any commercial interest in this information and it is published on the Euromodel web site in good faith for other persons who may wish to build this ship. Euromodel does not accept any responsibility for the contents that follow.

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This is NOT an instructional manual but illustrates my own interpretation based on the drawings and the supplied kit.

• Additional material used was dictated by my own personal choices.

• Greater simplification would be achieved by using the material as it is supplied.

Reference Texts

Historic Ship Models by Wolfram zu Mondfeld (1989) Seventeenth Century Rigging by R.C. Anderson (1955) [almost a complete copy of his earlier book The Rigging of Ships in the Days of the , 1600 – 1720 (1927) ] The Construction and Fitting of the English Man of War 1650-1850 by Peter Goodwin (1984) The Masting and Rigging of English Ships of War 1625 – 1860 by James Lee (1984).

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[To navigate through the contents – use ‘control + click’]

CONTENTS Chapter 1: RIGGING COMMENTS ...... 5 Sequence of Rigging ...... 5 Lines Employed in Running Rigging ...... 8 Height of Yards ...... 10 Rigging to Belaying Points ...... 10 Chapter 2: RIGGING OF BOOMSPRIT YARDS ...... 11 Spritsail ...... 12 Spritsail ...... 12 Spritsail Lift (Spritsail ) ...... 13 Spritsail Standing Lift ...... 13 Spritsail Topsail ...... 14 Spritsail Brace ...... 14 Spritsail Topsail Lift ...... 14

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Illustrations

[The figures below are not hyperlinked]

Figure 1: Main Sheet and Lines ...... 8 Figure 2: Fore Topsail Brace and Lift Lines ...... 8 Figure 3: Running Lines ...... 9 Figure 4: Setting the Yards (no ) ...... 10 Figure 5: Yard Lift Rigging System ...... 10 Figure 6: Focs'le Forward Rail Crowded Belaying Points ...... 11 Figure 7: Forward Focs'le Rail ...... 12 Figure 8: Spritsail Brace ...... 12 Figure 9: Spritsail Lift ...... 13 Figure 10: Spritsail Standing Lift ...... 13

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Chapter 1: RIGGING COMMENTS

Sequence of Rigging

Different builders have different approaches to rigging and the following thoughts expresses the diversity that we see in rigging posts.

In building the Friederich Wilhelm, the masts were fully completed before rigging commenced.

Work proceeds from … to stern … and from … bottom to . However, some builders will work from stern to bow and some will also work from top to bottom (the latter comment allows for work on each without the very wide lower yards in the way). In other words, it really comes down to what each person is comfortable with.

To add to this wide difference in approach, some will tackle the main mast first ! Success is dependent on … tension … and … counter-tension. Consideration must be given to creating a tension in a and then taking into account the counter-tension being exerted by other connecting .

1. Masts (especially ) fitted with any required blocks.

2. Mast Sequencing • start with the bowsprit and then follow through with the fore, main and mizzen

• start with the mizzen and work forwards

N.B. if starting with the bowsprit fixed in position, some prefer to leave off the to lessen the chance of damage. added (including gammoning).

3. Mast Fixing The alternatives for fixing the masts in position include … • permament glueing of the foot into the

• using the standing rigging alone

• using a wax such as ‘Quick-Fix’ placed underneath the heel will definitely hold the mast in a fixed position and yet still allow for a bit of ‘tweaking’

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4. Completed Mast or Not

• lower mast is stepped in position, or

• completed mast is assembled & stepped in position. Sometimes, an old office chair can be useful to rotate the ship instead of the builder moving around and so reducing the chance of causing damage.

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• completed mast is assembled and rigged away from the ship before fixing in position

5. Channels added; lower and chain plates in position.

6. Main, Fore & Mizzen Lower Masts a. Shrouds attached along with . b. Stay lines fixed in position.

7. Backstays (fore, main and mizzen) fixed in position.

8. Topmast shrouds (fore and main) attached along with ratlines.

9. Etc ……

… leave all lines & tackles temporarily fixed … until … all standard rigging fitted.

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Lines Employed in Running Rigging

Sheet lines (green) ... attached to the outer clew on the foot of the to control the lower, moveable corner; released when furling the sail. The main course sheets extend aft almost the full length of the ship.

Tack line (red) … a second line also attached to the clew along with the sheet, but the inboard end may be taken to a suitable point well forward of the sail and pulled taut to tighten the leech into some kind of leading edge; usually a single line rather than having blocks. This additional line on the clew allows for a far greater leverage on the sail when required. In Fig. 1, the main course tack passes over a sheave Figure 1: Main Course Sheet and Tack Lines contained within a chesstree (yellow)

Brace lines (green) ... in pairs, they rotate the yard to allow the ship to sail at different angles to the wind.

Lift lines (blue) ...in pairs, they maintain the correct horizontal line of the yard; brace pendant shown in red.

Figure 2: Fore Topsail Yard Brace and Lift Lines

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Clew lines (dark blue) and bunt lines (purple) ... raise the sail up to the yard arm when furling – clew lines are attached to the bottom corners of the sail whilst the thinner buntlines are attached across the sail foot.

Leech lines (brown) and leechleg lines (green) ... pull the sail in and upwards during furling.

Bow lines (light blue) ... attached to sail via bridles (red)

bunt bunt leech leechleg

clew bridle

bowline

Figure 3: Running Lines

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Height of Yards The yards portrayed in Fig. 32 are set high ready to carry sails. Where sails are not carried, the yards are set much lower down the mast just above the mast cap. This non- lowering of the yards is a common mistake amongst builders. Obviously, the lift ropes will be much longer (yellow line) in the latter case.

Figure 4: Setting the Yards (no sails)

Rigging to Belaying Points

Two belaying points (20 & 21): 1. Convention is ... top figure is starboard; lower figure is port 2. Two figures: i.e. same rigging is also on the opposite side but excluded to simplify the drawing.

Figure 5: Yard Lift Rigging System

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Chapter 2: RIGGING OF BOOMSPRIT YARDS

There were many, many variations in how rigging was applied to these two sails and so different kits of the Derfflinger may well illustrate these differences.

Where appropriate, standing lines are blue whilst running lines are red.

This area of ship rigging goes from being relatively simple if sails are omitted and that is what is shown in Fig. 6. However, the addition of sails requires far more rigging and some ingenuity will be required to accommodate all the lines involved.

Plan Sheet 7 well illustrates this latter point ….

… there are thirteen numbered belaying points to fit along the focs’le rail (Fig. 5) but even so, there are only twelve circles shown.

Figure 6: Focs'le Forward Rail Crowded Belaying Points

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Running ‘standing’ lift lines (blue) pass through the and then belayed to focs’le forward pinrail. Line 7 is indicated but there must be a line ‘7A’ on the other side of the mast

7 3 7 4 7A 7 only SIX lines pass through the fairlead when not adding sails

Figure 7: Forward Focs'le Rail

Spritsail

Spritsail Brace

running brace lines 5 & 6 (red) belayed to the focs’le forward pinrail

Figure 8: Spritsail Brace

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Spritsail Lift (Spritsail Topsail Sheet) This spritsail lift also acted as the sheet line for the spritsail topsail above (Fig. 6). In this kit, the lift line is shown as belayed to the forward focs’le pin rail (points 105 & 106).

However, it was decided to follow Anderson(1955) who describes the alternative belaying to ring bolts on the bowsprit adjacent to the gammoning.

This was two less lines of rigging to accommodate at the forward rail.

Figure 9: Spritsail Lift

Spritsail Standing Lift .

running ‘standing’ lift lines (red) pass through the fairlead and then belayed to focs’le forward pinrail. Line 7 is indicated but there must be a line ‘7A’ on the other side of the mast.

Figure 10: Spritsail Standing Lift

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Spritsail Topsail

Spritsail Brace

Spritsail Topsail Lift

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