DOCSLIB.ORG

Impact of the Dsm-Iv to Dsm-5 Changes on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Impact of the Dsm-Iv to Dsm-5 Changes on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health IMPACT OF THE DSM-IV TO DSM-5 CHANGES ON THE NATIONAL SURVEY ON DRUG USE AND HEALTH DISCLAIMER SAMHSA provides links to other Internet sites as a service to its users and is not responsible for the availability or content of these external sites. SAMHSA, its employees, and contractors do not endorse, warrant, or guarantee the products, services, or information described or offered at these other Internet sites. Any reference to a commercial product, process, or service is not an endorsement or recommendation by SAMHSA, its employees, or contractors. For documents available from this server, the U.S. Government does not warrant or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality Rockville, Maryland 20857 June 2016 This page intentionally left blank IMPACT OF THE DSM-IV TO DSM-5 CHANGES ON THE NATIONAL SURVEY ON DRUG USE AND HEALTH Contract No. HHSS283201000003C RTI Project No. 0212800.001.108.006.026 RTI Authors: RTI Project Director: Cristie Glasheen David Hunter Kathryn Batts Rhonda Karg SAMHSA Project Officer: Peter Tice SAMHSA Authors: Jonaki Bose Sarra Hedden Kathryn Piscopo For questions about this report, please e-mail [email protected]. Prepared for Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland Prepared by RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina June 2016 Recommended Citation: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2016). Impact of the DSM-IV to DSM-5 Changes on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD. Acknowledgments This report would not be possible without the guidance and input of staff from the Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. In particular, at the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration: Janet Kuramoto, Dicy Painter, and Peggy Barker. At RTI International (a trade name of Research Triangle Institute), Mark Edlund, Justin Landwehr, and Jennifer Schoden. ii Table of Contents Chapter Page Executive Summary .........................................................................................................................1 1. Introduction ..........................................................................................................................3 2. Substance Use Disorders ......................................................................................................5 2.1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 5 2.2 Categorization Changes .......................................................................................... 5 2.3 Types of Substances ................................................................................................ 9 2.4 Criteria for Substance Use Disorders ...................................................................... 9 2.4.1 Substance Abuse and Substance Dependence .......................................... 10 2.4.2 Withdrawal Criteria .................................................................................. 11 2.4.3 Severity Criteria ........................................................................................ 15 2.5 Specific SUDs ....................................................................................................... 15 2.5.1 Alcohol Use Disorder ............................................................................... 15 2.5.2 Caffeine Use Disorder............................................................................... 22 2.5.3 Cannabis Use Disorder ............................................................................. 22 2.5.4 Phencyclidine Use Disorder and Other Hallucinogen Use Disorder ........ 24 2.5.5 Inhalant Use Disorder ............................................................................... 29 2.5.6 Opioid Use Disorder ................................................................................. 33 2.5.7 Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Use Disorder ...................................... 44 2.5.8 Stimulant Use Disorder ............................................................................. 50 2.5.9 Tobacco Use Disorder............................................................................... 61 2.5.10 Other Considerations ................................................................................ 61 2.6 Substance Use Disorders in NSDUH .................................................................... 62 3. Mental Illness .................................................................................................................... 65 3.1 Mental Illness in NSDUH and MHSS: Overview ................................................ 65 3.2 Overarching Structural Changes in the DSM ....................................................... 67 3.2.1 Elimination of the Multi-Axial System..................................................... 67 3.2.2 Removal of the GAF score ....................................................................... 68 3.2.3 Disorder Reclassification .......................................................................... 71 3.3 Changes to NSDUH/MHSS Included Diagnoses ................................................. 77 3.3.1 Major Depressive Episode/Disorder (NSDUH and MHSS) ..................... 77 3.3.2 Dysthymic Disorder (MHSS) ................................................................... 80 3.3.3 Manic Episode and Bipolar I Disorder (MHSS) ....................................... 82 3.3.4 Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia (MHSS) ............................................... 91 3.3.5 Specific Phobia (MHSS) ........................................................................... 95 3.3.6 Social Phobia (MHSS) .............................................................................. 97 3.3.7 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (MHSS) ................................................ 98 3.3.8 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (MHSS) .................................................. 100 3.3.9 Generalized Anxiety Disorder (MHSS) .................................................. 104 3.3.10 Anorexia Nervosa (MHSS) ..................................................................... 105 3.3.11 Bulimia Nervosa (MHSS) ....................................................................... 107 3.3.12 Intermittent Explosive Disorder (MHSS) ............................................... 108 iii 3.3.13 Adjustment Disorder (MHSS) ................................................................ 110 3.3.14 Psychotic Disorders (MHSS) .................................................................. 112 3.4 Additional Disorders for Consideration .............................................................. 117 3.4.1 Neurodevelopmental Disorders .............................................................. 118 3.4.2 Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders ....................... 122 3.4.3 Bipolar and Related Disorders ................................................................ 127 3.4.4 Depressive Disorders .............................................................................. 129 3.4.5 Anxiety Disorders ................................................................................... 131 3.4.6 Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders ....................................... 133 3.4.7 Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders ................................................ 138 3.4.8 Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders .............................................. 141 3.4.9 Feeding and Eating Disorders ................................................................. 145 3.4.10 Sleep-Wake Disorders ............................................................................ 149 3.4.11 Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders ............................ 153 3.4.12 Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders ........................................... 157 3.4.13 Personality Disorders .............................................................................. 159 3.4.14 Disorders Due to a Medical Condition, Substance Use, or Medications ............................................................................................. 159 3.4.15 Other Specified Disorders ....................................................................... 160 3.5 Other Disorders in the DSM ............................................................................... 160 3.6 Any Mental Illness, Serious Mental Illness, and Specific Disorders in NSDUH/MHSS ................................................................................................... 166 3.6.1 Impact of DSM Revisions on MHSS Estimates of SMI, AMI and Specific Disorders ................................................................................... 166 3.6.2 Impact on Estimates of Any Mental Illness/Serious Mental Illness ....... 166 3.6.3 Impact on NSDUH Major Depressive Episode Estimates ...................... 171 References ....................................................................................................................................173 Appendixes A Additional Substance Use Disorder Tables: Weighted N among People Aged 12 or Older ..........................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Clearing the Smoke on Cannabis: Regular Use and Cognitive Functioning
    6 Clearing the Smoke on Cannabis Regular Use and Cognitive Functioning Robert Gabrys, Ph.D., Research and Policy Analyst, CCSA Amy Porath, Ph.D., Director, Research, CCSA Key Points • Regular use refers to weekly or more frequent cannabis use over a period of months to years. Regular cannabis use is associated with mild cognitive difficulties, which are typically not apparent following about one month of abstinence. Heavy (daily) and long-term cannabis use is related to more This is the first in a series of reports noticeable cognitive impairment. that reviews the effects of cannabis • Cannabis use beginning prior to the age of 16 or 17 is one of the strongest use on various aspects of human predictors of cognitive impairment. However, it is unclear which comes functioning and development. This first — whether cognitive impairment leads to early onset cannabis use or report on the effects of chronic whether beginning cannabis use early in life causes a progressive decline in cannabis use on cognitive functioning cognitive abilities. provides an update of a previous report • Regular cannabis use is associated with altered brain structure and function. with new research findings that validate Once again, it is currently unclear whether chronic cannabis exposure and extend our current understanding directly leads to brain changes or whether differences in brain structure of this issue. Other reports in this precede the onset of chronic cannabis use. series address the link between chronic • Individuals with reduced executive function and maladaptive (risky and cannabis use and mental health, the impulsive) decision making are more likely to develop problematic cannabis use and cannabis use disorder.
    [Show full text]
  • Paranoid – Suspicious; Argumentative; Paranoid; Continually on The
    Disorder Gathering 34, 36, 49 Answer Keys A N S W E R K E Y, Disorder Gathering 34 1. Avital Agoraphobia – 2. Ewelina Alcoholism – 3. Martyna Anorexia – 4. Clarissa Bipolar Personality Disorder –. 5. Lysette Bulimia – 6. Kev, Annabelle Co-Dependant Relationship – 7. Archer Cognitive Distortions / all-of-nothing thinking (Splitting) – 8. Josephine Cognitive Distortions / Mental Filter – 9. Mendel Cognitive Distortions / Disqualifying the Positive – 10. Melvira Cognitive Disorder / Labeling and Mislabeling – 11. Liat Cognitive Disorder / Personalization – 12. Noa Cognitive Disorder / Narcissistic Rage – 13. Regev Delusional Disorder – 14. Connor Dependant Relationship – 15. Moira Dissociative Amnesia / Psychogenic Amnesia – (*Jason Bourne character) 16. Eylam Dissociative Fugue / Psychogenic Fugue – 17. Amit Dissociative Identity Disorder / Multiple Personality Disorder – 18. Liam Echolalia – 19. Dax Factitous Disorder – 20. Lorna Neurotic Fear of the Future – 21. Ciaran Ganser Syndrome – 22. Jean-Pierre Korsakoff’s Syndrome – 23. Ivor Neurotic Paranoia – 24. Tucker Persecutory Delusions / Querulant Delusions – 25. Lewis Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder – 26. Abdul Proprioception – 27. Alisa Repressed Memories – 28. Kirk Schizophrenia – 29. Trevor Self-Victimization – 30. Jerome Shame-based Personality – 31. Aimee Stockholm Syndrome – 32. Delphine Taijin kyofusho (Japanese culture-specific syndrome) – 33. Lyndon Tourette’s Syndrome – 34. Adar Social phobias – A N S W E R K E Y, Disorder Gathering 36 Adjustment Disorder – BERKELEY Apotemnophilia
    [Show full text]
  • N-Acetylcysteine in the Treatment of Excoriation Disorder: a Randomized Clinical Trial
    This supplement contains the following items: 1. Original protocol, final protocol, summary of changes 2. Original statistical analysis plan, final statistical analysis plan, summary of changes Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 09/28/2021 ORIGINAL PROTOCOL A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of N-Acetyl Cysteine in Pathologic Skin Picking Jon E. Grant, M.D., J.D, M.P.H. University of Minnesota School of Medicine Minneapolis, MN IRB Code #1002M77897 Protocol Version 25 January 2010 TASCS# 100028 assigned to this protocol !1 Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 09/28/2021 A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of N-Acetyl Cysteine in Pathologic Skin Picking This project will take place at the University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry. Dr. Jon E. Grant, MD, JD, MPH is the Principal Investigator and can be phoned at 612-273-9736, email at [email protected] or by mail at 2450 Riverside Avenue, Minneapolis, MN 55454. This clinical trial will be conducted in the spirit of Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and in accordance with this IRB approved protocol. No deviation from the protocol will be implemented without the prior review and approval of the IRB except where it may be necessary to eliminate an immediate hazard to a research subject. In such a case, the deviation will be reported to the IRB as soon as possible. Investigational Agent N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) – 600mg by mouth twice a day for three weeks; 1200mg by mouth twice a day for three weeks; 1200mg by mouth each morning and 1800mg by mouth every afternoon for three weeks.
    [Show full text]
  • Increased Tactile Sensitivity and Deficient Feed-Forward Inhibition in Pathological Hair Pulling and Skin Picking
    Behaviour Research and Therapy 120 (2019) 103433 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Behaviour Research and Therapy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/brat Increased tactile sensitivity and deficient feed-forward inhibition in pathological hair pulling and skin picking T ∗ David C. Houghtona,b, , Mark Tommerdahlc, Douglas W. Woodsb,d a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA b Psychological & Brain Sciences Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA c Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA d Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: An increasing body of evidence has linked pathological body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) to excessive Trichotillomania sensory sensitivity and difficulty modulating sensory inputs. Likewise, neurobiological evidence points to deficits Excoriation disorder in feed-forward inhibition and sensory habituation in conditions with similar symptomatology. There is cur- Psychophysics rently little evidence regarding potential physiological sensory abnormalities in BFRBs. The current study Sensation compared 46 adults with pathological hair pulling and/or skin picking to 46 age-matched healthy control participants on a series of self-report measures and objective psychophysical tests of neurophysiological sensory functions. Persons in the BFRB group reported increased scores on the Sensory Gating Inventory (U=320.50, p < .001) and all of its subscales (all p-values < .001), reflecting abnormal sensory experiences. The BFRB 2 group also showed decreased tactile thresholds (increased sensitivity) (F[1, 76] = 10.65, p = .002, ηp = .12) 2 and deficient feed-forward inhibition (F[1, 76] = 5.18, p = .026, ηp = .064), but no abnormalities in quickly- adapting sensory habituation were detected on an amplitude discrimination task.
    [Show full text]
  • First Episode Psychosis an Information Guide Revised Edition
    First episode psychosis An information guide revised edition Sarah Bromley, OT Reg (Ont) Monica Choi, MD, FRCPC Sabiha Faruqui, MSc (OT) i First episode psychosis An information guide Sarah Bromley, OT Reg (Ont) Monica Choi, MD, FRCPC Sabiha Faruqui, MSc (OT) A Pan American Health Organization / World Health Organization Collaborating Centre ii Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Bromley, Sarah, 1969-, author First episode psychosis : an information guide : a guide for people with psychosis and their families / Sarah Bromley, OT Reg (Ont), Monica Choi, MD, Sabiha Faruqui, MSc (OT). -- Revised edition. Revised edition of: First episode psychosis / Donna Czuchta, Kathryn Ryan. 1999. Includes bibliographical references. Issued in print and electronic formats. ISBN 978-1-77052-595-5 (PRINT).--ISBN 978-1-77052-596-2 (PDF).-- ISBN 978-1-77052-597-9 (HTML).--ISBN 978-1-77052-598-6 (ePUB).-- ISBN 978-1-77114-224-3 (Kindle) 1. Psychoses--Popular works. I. Choi, Monica Arrina, 1978-, author II. Faruqui, Sabiha, 1983-, author III. Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, issuing body IV. Title. RC512.B76 2015 616.89 C2015-901241-4 C2015-901242-2 Printed in Canada Copyright © 1999, 2007, 2015 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the publisher—except for a brief quotation (not to exceed 200 words) in a review or professional work. This publication may be available in other formats. For information about alterna- tive formats or other CAMH publications, or to place an order, please contact Sales and Distribution: Toll-free: 1 800 661-1111 Toronto: 416 595-6059 E-mail: [email protected] Online store: http://store.camh.ca Website: www.camh.ca Disponible en français sous le titre : Le premier épisode psychotique : Guide pour les personnes atteintes de psychose et leur famille This guide was produced by CAMH Publications.
    [Show full text]
  • 22 Psychiatric Medications for Monitoring in Primary Care
    22 Psychiatric Medications for Monitoring in Primary Care Medication Warnings, Precautions, and Adverse Events Comments Class: SSRI Fluvoxamine Boxed Warnings: Suicidality Used much less than SSRIs in the group of eight Indications: Warnings and Precautions: Similar to other SSRIs medications for prescribing, probably because it has no Adult: OCD Adverse Events: Similar to other SSRIs FDA indication for MDD or any anxiety disorder. Still Child/Adolescent: OCD (10-17 years) somewhat popular as a medication for OCD. Uses: Anxiety, OCD Monitoring: Same as other SSRIs Citalopram Boxed Warning: Suicidality. Escitalopram, one of the SSRIs in the group of Indications: Warnings and Precautions: Similar to other SSRIs medications for prescribing, is an active metabolite of Adult: MDD Adverse Events: Similar to other SSRIs citalopram. Escitalopram reportedly has fewer AEs and Child/Adolescent: None less interaction with hepatic metabolic enzymes than Uses: Anxiety, MDD, OCD citalopram but is otherwise essentially identical. Citalopram offers no advantage other than price, as Monitoring: Same as other SSRIs escitalopram is branded until 2012. Paroxetine Boxed Warnings: Suicidality. Paroxetine used much less than the SSRIs for Indications: Warnings and Precautions: Similar to other SSRIs prescribing, probably because of its nonlinear kinetics. Adult: MDD, OCD, Panic Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Adverse Events: Similar to other SSRIs A study of children and adolescents showed doubling Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder the dose of paroxetine from 10 mg/day to 20 mg/day Child/Adolescent: None resulted in a 7-fold increase in blood levels (Findling et Uses: Anxiety, MDD, OCD al, 1999). Thus, once metabolic enzymes are saturated, paroxetine levels can increase dramatically with dose Monitoring: Same as other SSRIs increases and decrease dramatically with dose decreases, sometimes leading to adverse events.
    [Show full text]
  • Benzodiazepine Anti-Anxiety Agents: Prevalence and Correlates of Use in a Southern Community
    Benzodiazepine Anti-anxiety Agents: Prevalence and Correlates of Use in a Southern Community rn- rn Marvin Swartz, MD, Richard Landerman, PhD, Linda K George, PhD, Mary Lou Melville, MD, Dan Blazer, MD, PhD, and Karen Smith, PhD Introduction alence and patterns of benzodiazepine antianxiolytic drug use in the Piedmont re- Benzodiazepine anti-anxiety agents gion of North Carolina during 1982-83, uti- are the most widely prescribed psycho- lizing logistic regression analysis, which al- therapeutic drugs in the United States to- lows prediction of benzodiazepine use day.' First introduced in 1960, these drugs while introducing controls for potential rapidly achieved a lead position in the pre- confounding and mediating variables. scription drug market,2 stimulating public and professional debate over appropriate Method psychotropic drug use.3 Recent evidence, however, suggests that the prevalence and The present paper reports results patterns of psychotropic use, especially from Wave 1 of the Piedmont Health Sur- those of benzodiazepine anxiolytics, may vey, one site of the five-site National In- be changing and resulting in decreased stitute of Mental Health Epidemiologic use.4,5 The first detailed population survey Catchment Area program (NIMH- of psychotropic drug use, the National ECA).'1 The sampling frame for the Pied- Household Sample in 1970-71,6-9 found mont Health Survey (PHS) was a five- that 22 percent of American adults had county area in north central North used prescription psychotropic medica- Carolina, consisting of one urban county tion during the year 1969-70, with higher and four contiguous rural counties. The use among women and the elderly.
    [Show full text]
  • DCF Pamphlet 155-2: Appendix 3
    DCF Pamphlet 155-2: Appendix 3 Appendix 3: The table below shows the ICD9 codes that are acceptable in the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Information System (SAMHIS). This replaces all previous versions of allowable ICD9 codes used in the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Information System. The following are the codes and their meaning. STATUS: 0 = Inactive, code is not usable, 1 = Active, this will show in SAMHIS. PROGRAM CODE: N = Not Active, M = Mental Health Code, S = Substance Abuse Code B = Behavioral Health (can be used for either a mental health or substance abuse diagnosis) NOTE: Codes with ‘N’ (Not Active) in the Program Code are for historical purposes only. ICD9 PROGRAM Code STATUS DESCRIPTION CODE 095.7 0 SYPHILIS OF TENDON/BURSA N 196.8 0 MAL NEO LYMPH NODE-MULT N 259.9 0 ENDOCRINE DISORDER NOS N 269.0 0 DEFICIENCY OF VITAMIN K N 289.9 0 BLOOD DISEASE NOS N 290 0 Senile and presenile organic psychotic conditions N 290.0 0 SENILE DEMENTIA UNCOMP N 290.1 0 Presenile dementia N 290.10 0 PRESENILE DEMENTIA N 290.11 0 PRESENILE DELIRIUM N 290.12 0 PRESENILE DELUSION M 290.13 0 PRESENILE DEPRESSION M 290.2 0 Senile dementia with delusional or depressive feat M 290.20 0 SENILE DELUSION M 290.21 0 SENILE DEPRESSIVE M 290.3 0 SENILE DELIRIUM N 290.4 0 Arteriosclerotic dementia N 290.40 0 ARTERIOSCLER DEMENT NOS N 290.41 0 ARTERIOSCLER DELIRIUM N 290.42 0 ARTERIOSCLER DELUSION M 290.43 0 ARTERIOSCLER DEPRESSIVE M 290.8 0 SENILE PSYCHOSIS NEC N 290.9 0 SENILE PSYCHOT COND NOS N 291 1 Alcohol psychoses S 291.0 1 DELIRIUM TREMENS
    [Show full text]
  • Types of Bipolar Disorder Toms Are Evident
    MOOD DISORDERS ASSOCIATION OF BRITISH COLUmbIA T Y P E S O F b i p o l a r d i s o r d e r Bipolar disorder is a class of mood disorders that is marked by dramatic changes in mood, energy and behaviour. The key characteristic is that people with bipolar disorder alternate be- tween episodes of mania (extreme elevated mood) and depression (extreme sadness). These episodes can last from hours to months. The mood distur- bances are severe enough to cause marked impairment in the person’s func- tioning. The experience of mania is not pleasant and can be very frightening to The Diagnotistic Statisti- the person. It can lead to impulsive behaviour that has serious consequences cal Manual (DSM- IV-TR) is a for the person and their family. A depressive episode makes it difficult or -im manual used by doctors to possible for a person to function in their daily life. determine the specific type of bipolar disorder. People with bipolar disorder vary in how often they experience an episode of either mania or depression. Mood changes with bipolar disorder typically occur gradually. For some individuals there may be periods of wellness between the different mood episodes. Some people may also experience multiple episodes within a 12 month period, a week, or even a single day (referred to as “rapid cycling”). The severity of the mood can also range from mild to severe. Establishing the particular type of bipolar disorder can greatly aid in determin- ing the best type of treatment to manage the symptoms.
    [Show full text]
  • Conversion Disorder in a Depressed Patient: the Analysis of Paralysis
    Jefferson Journal of Psychiatry Volume 16 Issue 1 Article 3 January 2001 Conversion Disorder in a Depressed Patient: The Analysis of Paralysis Michael A. Chen Ph.D. University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI David S. Im M.D. Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI Follow this and additional works at: https://jdc.jefferson.edu/jeffjpsychiatry Part of the Psychiatry Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Recommended Citation Chen, Michael A. Ph.D. and Im, David S. M.D. (2001) "Conversion Disorder in a Depressed Patient: The Analysis of Paralysis," Jefferson Journal of Psychiatry: Vol. 16 : Iss. 1 , Article 3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29046/JJP.016.1.002 Available at: https://jdc.jefferson.edu/jeffjpsychiatry/vol16/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Jefferson Digital Commons. The Jefferson Digital Commons is a service of Thomas Jefferson University's Center for Teaching and Learning (CTL). The Commons is a showcase for Jefferson books and journals, peer-reviewed scholarly publications, unique historical collections from the University archives, and teaching tools. The Jefferson Digital Commons allows researchers and interested readers anywhere in the world to learn about and keep up to date with Jefferson scholarship. This article has been accepted for inclusion in Jefferson Journal of Psychiatry by an authorized administrator of the Jefferson Digital Commons. For more information, please contact: [email protected]. Conversion Disorder in a Depressed Patient: The Analysis of Paralysis 2 Michael A. Chen, Ph.D. I and David S.
    [Show full text]
  • Functional Neurologic Disorders and Related Disorders Victor W Mark MD ( Dr
    Functional neurologic disorders and related disorders Victor W Mark MD ( Dr. Mark of the University of Alabama at Birmingham has no relevant financial relationships to disclose. ) Originally released April 18, 2001; last updated December 13, 2018; expires December 13, 2021 Introduction This article includes discussion of psychogenic neurologic disorders, functional neurologic disorder, functional movement disorder, conversion disorder, and hysteria. The foregoing terms may include synonyms, similar disorders, variations in usage, and abbreviations. Overview Several behavioral disorders are related by (1) their resemblance to other, more familiar neurologic disorders; (2) lack of well-established biomarkers (eg, structural lesions on brain imaging studies, seizure waveforms on EEGs); and (3) aggravation of symptoms with the patient s attention to the disorder. However, the features and causes for these disorders are very different among themselves. This topic reviews functional neurologic disorder, Munchausen syndrome, Munchausen syndrome by proxy, and Ganser syndrome. Key points • Functional neurologic disorders are commonly encountered in general neurologic practices and, hence, knowing their manifestations and treatment is crucial for clinical care. • The disturbance is involuntary, yet at the same time it can be controlled by the patient intermittently. • Despite being self-controllable, the disturbance is generally disabling unless expert professional care is provided. • There is no consistent association between functional neurologic disorder and either posttraumatic emotional stress or sexual abuse. • Functional neurologic disturbances disorder responds best to empathetic concern by the clinician; demonstration that the disorder lacks a structural or permanent etiology; explanation that it can be improved with distraction; and guided attempts to reduce triggers of onset. Cognitive behavioral therapy, combined with physical therapy when warranted, is emerging as a successful intervention.
    [Show full text]
  • Is Cannabis Addictive?
    Is cannabis addictive? CANNABIS EVIDENCE BRIEF BRIEFS AVAILABLE IN THIS SERIES: ` Is cannabis safe to use? Facts for youth aged 13–17 years. ` Is cannabis safe to use? Facts for young adults aged 18–25 years. ` Does cannabis use increase the risk of developing psychosis or schizophrenia? ` Is cannabis safe during preconception, pregnancy and breastfeeding? ` Is cannabis addictive? PURPOSE: This document provides key messages and information about addiction to cannabis in adults as well as youth between 16 and 18 years old. It is intended to provide source material for public education and awareness activities undertaken by medical and public health professionals, parents, educators and other adult influencers. Information and key messages can be re-purposed as appropriate into materials, including videos, brochures, etc. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Health, 2018 Publication date: August 2018 This document may be reproduced in whole or in part for non-commercial purposes, without charge or further permission, provided that it is reproduced for public education purposes and that due diligence is exercised to ensure accuracy of the materials reproduced. Cat.: H14-264/3-2018E-PDF ISBN: 978-0-660-27409-6 Pub.: 180232 Key messages ` Cannabis is addictive, though not everyone who uses it will develop an addiction.1, 2 ` If you use cannabis regularly (daily or almost daily) and over a long time (several months or years), you may find that you want to use it all the time (craving) and become unable to stop on your own.3, 4 ` Stopping cannabis use after prolonged use can produce cannabis withdrawal symptoms.5 ` Know that there are ways to change this and people who can help you.
    [Show full text]