Influenza Vs. Cold Vs. Pertussis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Influenza vs. Cold vs. Pertussis Symptom Influenza ("Flu") Colds (Viral URI) Pertussis Usually present & high (102-104°F or Uncommon Uncommon Fever 39-40°C); typically lasts 3-4 days If present, typically low-grade If present, typically low-grade Chills Common Uncommon Rare Headache Very common Uncommon Uncommon Aches and pains, muscle Very common Slight to Moderate Uncommon aches, chest discomfort Often severe Mild; Moderate - severe; Fatigue and weakness Mild Usually appears well between can last up to 14-21 days coughing attacks Extreme exhaustion Very common early in illness Extremely Rare Rare Stuffy or runny nose Common Very common Common, early in the disease Sneezing Sometimes Common Common, early in the disease Sore throat Common Common Uncommon Variable character; fits / paroxysms and Hacking cough, often nocturnal cough are common; generally Non-productive ("dry") cough is Character productive; usually responds to not responsive to cough medications; typical cough medications "whooping" may or may not occur Variable; mild to severe; Severity Moderate Mild to Moderate infants appear quite ill and may present Cough with cough or apnea Persistent cough, almost always >1 Typically 3-7 days; Duration Typically 3-7 days week, usually 2-6 weeks, sometimes occasionally to 14 days 10+ weeks Paroxysms Common; Uncommon Rare (coughing fits) often leads to vomiting or gagging From start of catarrhal phase (before 1 day before symptom onset Variable; typically 4-7 days after cough) to 21 days after cough onset* Infectious Period and 3-7 days after symptom onset; can be longer Most efficient spreading after cough onset *or until taking 5 days of appropriate anti-pertussis antibiotics Iowa Department of Public Health 12/10/04.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

(RSV) Infection? an Analysis Using the Pediatric Investigators Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada (PICNIC) RSV Database
Does Ribavirin Impact on the Hospital Course of Children With Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection? An Analysis Using the Pediatric Investigators Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada (PICNIC) RSV Database Barbara J. Law, MD*; Elaine E. L. Wang, MDCM‡; Noni MacDonald, MD§; Jane McDonald, MDi; Simon Dobson, MD¶; Francois Boucher, MD#; Joanne Langley, MD**; Joan Robinson, MD‡‡; Ian Mitchell, MD§§; and Derek Stephens MSc‡ ABSTRACT. Objectives. To determine the relation- 20.6%, 20.9%, 15.5%, 15.2%, and 13.3%, respectively. ship between receipt of aerosolized ribavirin and the Across the subsets ribavirin use ranged from 36% to 57% hospital course of high-risk infants and children with of ventilated patients and 6% to 39% of nonventilated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory infec- patients. For nonventilated patients in each subset the tion (LRI). median RSV-attributable hospital length of stay (RSV- Methods. The 1993–1994 Pediatric Investigators Col- LOS) was 2 to 3 days longer for ribavirin recipients and laborative Network on Infections in Canada (PICNIC) the duration of hypoxia was significantly increased. Du- RSV database consists of prospectively enrolled children ration of intensive care unit (ICU) stay was also increased with acute RSV LRI, admitted to nine Canadian pediatric for all ribavirin-treated subgroups except those with tertiary care centers. After excluding cases with compro- CHD. In contrast, for ventilated patients, ribavirin ther- mised immunity and/or nosocomial infection, subsets apy was
[Show full text]
Anorexia/Cachexia Heart Failure Symptom Management Guideline for Adults, Age 19 and Older in British Columbia
Anorexia/Cachexia Heart Failure Symptom Management Guideline For adults, age 19 and older in British Columbia What is anorexia? Anorexia is a syndrome characterized by some or all of the following symptoms: loss of appetite, nausea, early satiety, weakness, fatigue, food aversion, and significant physical and/or psychological symptoms. Causes of anorexia are multifactorial and include fatigue, dyspnea, medication side-effects, nausea, depression, anxiety and sodium restricted diets, which may all be found in patients with heart failure. What is cachexia? Cachexia is a syndrome characterized by severe body weight, fat and muscle loss and increased protein catabolism due to underlying disease. The prevalence of cachexia is 16–42% in the heart failure population and is associated with a 50%, 18 month mortality risk independent of variables such as ejection fraction, age and functional ability. How is cachexia diagnosed? Chronic condition with >5% weight loss in <12 months; or body mass index (BMI) <20kg/m2; and 3 out of 5 additional criteria: 1) Fatigue, 2) Decreased muscle strength, 3) Anorexia, 4) Low muscle mass, 5) Abnormal biochemistry *Blood testing to diagnose cachexia in advanced stages of disease is not advocated. Reminder: Malnutrition also affects prognosis in patients with heart failure and is often found in early transitions of the disease. However this symptom management guideline will focus on the assessment and treatment of anorexia and cachexia. Approach to Managing Anorexia/Cachexia Assessment History: When did weight loss begin? How much weight was lost? Obtain baseline (dry) weight. How is [the patients] appetite? What do they eat or drink on a typical day? How has weight loss affected mood? Ask about: nausea, early satiety, dyspnea, poor oral hygiene, dysphagia, malabsorption, bowel habits.
[Show full text]
Myalgia As the Revealing Symptom of Multicore Disease and Fibre Type Disproportion Myopathy C Sobreira*, W Marques Jr, a a Barreira
1317 J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp.74.9.1317 on 21 August 2003. Downloaded from SHORT REPORT Myalgia as the revealing symptom of multicore disease and fibre type disproportion myopathy C Sobreira*, W Marques Jr, A A Barreira ............................................................................................................................. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003;74:1317–1319 toms of CFTDM are more uniform. However, some patients Background: Multicore disease and congenital fibre type exhibit unusual phenotypes such as rigid spine syndrome,10 11 disproportion myopathy are diseases assigned to the signiﬁcant dysmorphic features,12 or very mild symptoms.13 heterogeneous group of congenital myopathies. Although Cramps are uncommon complaints in patients with multi- hypotonia and muscle weakness appearing in early life core disease or CFTDM and exercise related muscle pain has are the commonest manifestations of these diseases, not been associated with multicore disease. Aimed at contrib- distinct phenotypes and late onset cases have been uting to better delineating the phenotypic expression of these described. myopathies, we present the clinical cases of patients suffering Objective: To report the occurrence of myalgia as the late onset, generalised muscle pain, whose muscle biopsies revealing symptom of multicore disease and fibre type dis- revealed the distinguishing features of either multicore proportion myopathy. disease or CFTDM. Methods: The clinical cases of three patients with fibre type disproportion myopathy and one with multicore CASE REPORTS disease are described. Skeletal muscle biopsies were Patient 1 processed for routine histological and histochemical A 24 year old man was referred to a neurologist owing to studies. exercise related myalgia involving both the upper and lower Results: The clinical picture was unusual in that the symp- limbs.
[Show full text]
Sinusitis, NIAID Fact Sheet
January 2006 Sinusitis OVERVIEW You’re coughing and sneezing and tired and achy. You think that you might be getting a cold. Later, when the medicines you’ve been taking to relieve the symptoms of the common cold are not working and you’ve now got a terrible headache, you finally drag yourself to the doctor. After listening to your history of symptoms, examining your face and forehead, and perhaps doing a sinus X-ray, the doctor says you have sinusitis. Sinusitis simply means your sinuses are infected or inflamed, but this gives little indication of the misery and pain this condition can cause. Health experts usually divide sinusitis cases into • Acute, which last for 4 weeks or less • Subacute, which lasts 4 to 8 weeks • Chronic, which usually last up to 8 weeks but can continue for months or even years • Recurrent, which are several acute attacks within a year, and may be caused by different organisms Health experts estimate that 37 million Americans are affected by sinusitis every year. Health care providers report nearly 32 million cases of chronic sinusitis to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention annually. Americans spend $5.8 billion each year on health care costs related to sinusitis. What are sinuses? Sinuses are hollow air spaces in the human body. When people say, “I'm having a sinus attack,” they usually are referring to symptoms in one or more of four pairs of cavities, or sinuses, known as paranasal sinuses . These cavities, located within the skull or bones of the head surrounding the nose, include • Frontal sinuses over the eyes in the brow area • Maxillary sinuses inside each cheekbone • Ethmoid sinuses just behind the bridge of the nose and between the eyes • Sphenoid sinuses behind the ethmoids in the upper region of the nose and behind the eyes Each sinus has an opening into the nose for the free exchange of air and mucus, and each is joined with the nasal passages by a continuous mucous membrane lining.
[Show full text]
(CATR) Practice 4 “Cold Or Flu?”
CUNYASSESSMENT TEST IN READING (CATR) Practice 4 “Cold or Flu?” Read the passage below and then answer the multiple choice questions which follow. Check your answers with the answer key. Every winter, at least in cold climates, people begin to become ill, with sneezing, sore throat, and stuffed-up head a few of the most common symptoms. Sometimes other conditions, such as severe cough, are also present, and people wonder whether they have simply caught a cold or are suffering from flu. Since the two illnesses have several common characteristics, the confusion is understandable. Colds are generally rather mild annoyances, but flu can be quite serious and lead to pneumonia. So it is wise to be aware of the differences. Sneezing, stuffy nose, and sore throat are the most common symptoms of colds, and they are often, but not always, present with flu as well. Chest discomfort and coughing may also accompany both ailments, but in flu they have a tendency to become severe, with heavy, hacking coughing that may last for weeks afterward. The symptoms which mark the presence of flu, which are rarely if ever present with the common cold, are headache, high fever, aches and pains all over the body, a general weakness, and exhaustion. Often the illness begins with vague body pains and headache, then quickly escalates as the victim’s temperature becomes elevated and extreme fatigue sets in. Sufferers may find themselves in bed for several days, sleeping much of the time and battling temperatures of 102-104 degrees. Waking moments may be spent coughing uncontrollably.
[Show full text]
2019-Weakness-And-Fatigue.Pdf
Scottish Palliative Care Guidelines – Weakness and Fatigue Weakness and Fatigue Introduction Fatigue is a persistent, subjective feeling of tiredness, weakness or lack of energy related to advanced chronic illness. It has many contributory causes, although the exact aetiology is poorly understood. Patients may use many terms to describe their experience of fatigue. Fatigue is a common symptom in progressive chronic disease. The severity and impact of fatigue may change in the course of the disease trajectory. It is frequently regarded as more distressing than pain by patients. It is often under-recognised by professionals. Fatigue may be unrelated to level of activity and not fully alleviated by rest or sleep. It is multidimensional, affecting physical function, cognitive ability, social, emotional and spiritual wellbeing. Reduced physical function limits participation in preferred activities and activities of daily living. Cognitive involvement limits activities such as reading, driving and social interaction. Fatigue can influence the patient’s decision-making about future treatment and may lead to refusal of potentially beneficial treatment. It is important to recognise that towards the end of life there will be a time point when intervention is no longer appropriate and may be distressing. At this stage, fatigue may provide protection and shielding from suffering for the patient. Assessment • All palliative care patients should be assessed for fatigue and its effects. • Explore the person’s experience and understanding of fatigue. • Acknowledge and validate the reality and significance of the symptoms. • Be aware that patients may have multi-morbidities impacting on fatigue, for example cardiac/respiratory disease, renal or hepatic impairment, malignancy, hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, adrenal insufficiency, neurological conditions.
[Show full text]
Sinusitis a Lot of People Mistake a Particularly Bad Cold for Sinusitis
COURTESY Sinusitis A lot of people mistake a particularly bad cold for sinusitis. Many of the symptoms are the same, including headache or face pain, a nasty runny nose and nasal congestion. Unlike a cold, some cases of sinusitis are bacterial infections that often require antibiotics. While mild cases of sinusitis may go away without medical intervention, sinusitis also can be serious and can require surgery if left untreated. A bad cold, on the other hand, won't respond at all to antibiotics. About 31 million people develop sinusitis in the United States each year. Frequently, sinusitis follows an upper respiratory infection or a normal cold. People who have allergies, asthma, physical abnormalities in the nose or sinuses, or a compromised immune system are at greater risk. What Is Sinusitis? Sinusitis is an inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the facial sinuses. The inflammation is often caused by a bacterial infection, although viruses and fungi also are implicated. People who have weakened immune systems can develop bacterial or fungal sinusitis. Some allergic individuals, who are not immunocompromised, can have "allergic fungal sinusitis." Acute sinusitis lasts three to eight weeks. Sinusitis lasting more than eight weeks is considered chronic. The sinuses are air-filled cavities in the skull. Normally, they are lined with a thin layer of mucus that traps dust, germs and other airborne particles. Tiny hairs in the sinuses called cilia sweep the mucus (and whatever is trapped in it) towards openings in the top of the sinuses called ostia. The ostia lead to the back of the throat where mucous slides down to the stomach.
[Show full text]
Getting the Facts: Cancer-Related Fatigue
Getting the Facts Helpline: (800) 500-9976 [email protected] Cancer-Related Fatigue Overview When healthy individuals experience fatigue, it can be relieved by • Shortness of breath sleep and rest. Cancer-related fatigue is a daily lack of energy or • Difficulty performing simple tasks (such as cooking, cleaning, strength and unusual or excessive whole-body exhaustion that, making the bed, or taking a shower) unlike tiredness, is not the result of activity or exertion and cannot be Difficulty concentrating or making decisions relieved by rest or sleep. Cancer-related fatigue is the most common • symptom experienced by cancer patients. Most patients consider • Moodiness, frustration, and/or irritability fatigue to be one of their most distressing symptoms, which can often • Waking up tired after a full night’s sleep disrupt a patient’s normal routine and even cause changes in their work status. Historically, cancer-related fatigue was underreported, It is important that patients inform their physician about their fatigue, underdiagnosed, and undertreated; however, a renewed focus by so it can be evaluated. Although not all causes of cancer-related the healthcare community is helping to address this lapse. fatigue are well understood, the patient’s physician may want to perform tests to try to determine what might be causing the fatigue. One of the challenges in managing cancer-related fatigue is Patients should be as specific as possible about their level of fatigue being able to distinguish it from other issues such as depression. and when it occurs (such as in the morning, after treatment, etc.), Cancer-related fatigue often occurs with other symptoms, such as as well as the activities that cause the most difficulty.
[Show full text]
Influenza Sampler
Influenza Sampler Presenting sample chapters on influenza from the Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 12th Edition, Chapter 86 “Influenza Viruses” by Robert L. Atmar This chapter discusses seasonal influenza strains as well as novel swine and avian influenza strains that can infect people and have pandemic potential. Chapter 83 “Algorithms for Detection and Identification of Viruses” by Marie Louise Landry, Angela M. Caliendo, Christine C. Ginocchio, Randall Hayden, and Yi-Wei Tang This chapter outlines technological advances for the diagnosis of viral infections. Chapter 113 “Antiviral Agents” by Carlos A.Q. Santos and Nell S. Lurian This chapter reviews antiviral agents approved by FDA and their mechanism(s) of action. Photo Credit: CDC/ Douglas Jordan, Dan Higgins Influenza Viruses* ROBERT L. ATMAR Send proofs to: Robert L. Atmar Email: [email protected] and to editors: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 86 TAXONOMY The segmented genome of influenza viruses allows the The influenza viruses are members of the family Orthomyxo- exchange of one or more gene segments between two viruses viridae. Antigenic differences in two major structural pro- when both infect a single cell. This exchange is called teins, the matrix protein (M) and the nucleoprotein (NP), genetic reassortment and results in the generation of new and phylogenetic analyses of the virus genome are used to strains containing a mix of genes from both parental viruses. separate the influenza viruses into four genera within the Genetic reassortment between human and avian influenza family: Influenzavirus A, Influenzavirus B, Influenzavirus C, virus strains led to the generation of the 1957 H2N2 and and Influenzavirus D.
[Show full text]
Influenza Importance Influenza Viruses Are Highly Variable RNA Viruses That Can Affect Birds and Mammals Including Humans
Influenza Importance Influenza viruses are highly variable RNA viruses that can affect birds and mammals including humans. There are currently three species of these viruses, Flu, Grippe, Avian Influenza, designated influenza A, B and C. A new influenza C-related virus recently detected in Grippe Aviaire, Fowl Plague, livestock has been proposed as “influenza D.”1-6 Swine Influenza, Hog Flu, Influenza A viruses are widespread and diverse in wild aquatic birds, which are Pig Flu, Equine Influenza, thought to be their natural hosts. Poultry are readily infected, and a limited number of Canine Influenza viruses have adapted to circulate in people, pigs, horses and dogs. In the mammals to which they are adapted, influenza A viruses usually cause respiratory illnesses with Last Full Review: February 2016 high morbidity but low mortality rates.7-29 More severe or fatal cases tend to occur mainly in conjunction with other diseases, debilitation or immunosuppression, as well as during infancy, pregnancy or old age; however, the risk of severe illness in healthy Author: humans can increase significantly during pandemics.7,9,11,12,14,20,30-47 Two types of Anna Rovid Spickler, DVM, PhD influenza viruses are maintained in birds. The majority of these viruses are known as low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses. They usually infect birds asymptomatically or cause relatively mild clinical signs, unless the disease is 7,46,48-56 exacerbated by factors such as co-infections with other pathogens. However, some LPAI viruses can mutate to become highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses, which cause devastating outbreaks of systemic disease in chickens and turkeys, with morbidity and mortality rates as high as 90-100%.50-52 Although influenza A viruses are host-adapted, they may occasionally infect other species, and on rare occasions, a virus will change enough to circulate in a new host.
[Show full text]
Severe Hypophosphataemia in Anorexia Nervosa A.K
Postgrad Med J: first published as 10.1136/pgmj.70.829.825 on 1 November 1994. Downloaded from Postgrad Med J (1994) 70, 825 - 827 ) The Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine, 1994 Severe hypophosphataemia in anorexia nervosa A.K. Cariem, E.R. Lemmer, M.G. Adams, T.A. Winter and S.J.D. O'Keefe Gastrointestinal Clinic, Department ofMedicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, E23, E-Floor, Observatory 7925, South Africa Summary: In addition to well-described acid-base and electrolyte disturbances, anorexia nervosa may be complicated by severe hypophosphataemia. We report a case of anorexia nervosa complicated by life-threatening hypophosphataemia manifesting as generalized muscle weakness and bulbar muscle dysfunction, resulting in an aspiration pneumonia and cardiorespiratory arrest. Introduction Anorexia nervosa is a complex psychosocial all present but depressed. A mild peripheral sen- disorder which, when severe, is associated with sory neuropathy was present. Chvostek's and well-described metabolic and endocrine distur- Trousseau's signs were negative. The only investi- bances. Reviews on acid-base and electrolyte gations available at the time revealed a haemo- disturbances that may accompany this disorder globin of 11.1 g/dl (reference range (RR) 11.6- have concentrated on hypochloraemic alkalosis 15.6), white cell count 3.5 x 109/l (RR 3.7-5.3), and depletion of sodium and potassium.' We wish platelets 68 x 109/l (RR 164-432), sodium 131 to draw attention to severe life-threatening hypo- mmol/l (RR 135-145), potassium 3.8 mmol/I (RR by copyright. phosphataemia which may also occur. 3.5-5.5), urea 8.9 mmol/l (RR 1.7-6.7), creatinine 70 ILmol/l (RR 75- 115).
[Show full text]
CLINICAL REVIEW Statin Induced Myopathy
For the full versions of these articles see bmj.com CLINICAL REVIEW Statin induced myopathy Sivakumar Sathasivam, Bryan Lecky Department of Neurology, Walton Since their introduction for the treatment of hyper- with exercise. In a small retrospective study of 45 Centre for Neurology and cholesterolaemia in 1987, the use of statins has grown patients, the mean duration of statin therapy before onset Neurosurgery, Liverpool L9 7LJ to over 100 million prescriptions per year.1 About of symptoms was 6.3 (SD 9.3) months (range 1 week to Correspondence to: S Sathasivam sivakumar. 1.5-3% of statin users in randomised controlled trials 4 years). In this study, the mean duration of myalgia after sathasivam@thewaltoncentre. and up to 10-13% of participants enrolled in prospec- stopping statin therapy was 2.3 (SD 3.0) months (range nhs.uk tive clinical studies develop myalgia.1-4 As a conserva- 1 week to 4 months).7 Muscle symptoms that develop in a Cite this as: BMJ 2008;337:a2286 tive estimate, at least 1.5 million people per year will patient who has been taking statins for several years are doi:10.1136/bmj.a2286 experience a muscle related adverse event while taking unlikely to have been caused by these drugs. a statin. In this review we discuss statin induced myopathy and its management in the light of recent What are the proposed mechanisms of statin induced epidemiological studies, randomised controlled trials, myopathy? and guidelines. The mechanism of statin induced myopathy is unknown. One proposal is that impaired synthesis of How common
[Show full text]