2017 International Conference on Arts and Design, Education and Social Sciences (ADESS 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-511-7

Measurement and Evaluation of Convergence Development Level of Tourism Industry and Cultural Industry in Province

GUOFAN XING and SHUANG WANG

ABSTRACT

Tourism industry and cultural industry are closely linked. Hainan Province is a culturally week province, but tourism is the dominant industry. It is of great practical significance to coordinate the relation between two large industries to realize convergence development. According to data about the development of two large industries in Hainan Province from 2000 to 2014, a model for measurement and evaluation of convergence coordination degree is built to make an empirical research on convergence development level as well as convergence coordination degree and type of two large industries in Hainan Province so as to draw a conclusion that tourism industry and cultural industry in Hainan Province have been adjusted to current superior convergence status from initial imbalanced status after 15 years of development but cultural industry in Hainan Province is obviously lagged behind in development compared with tourism industry.

KEYWORDS Tourism industry, cultural industry, convergence, entropy weight method.

INTRODUCTION

Tourism industry and cultural industry are closely linked. As a national strategy, construction of Hainan International Tourism Island has internationality and is great opening to the entire world while culture has aboriginality and nationality and Hainan Province is still a culturally week province. Thus, if in-depth convergence development of tourism industry and cultural industry in Hainan Province can’t be realized, the development of cultural industry will become the “short slab” for the development of modern service industry and also restrict the depth and width of tourism development. Tourism industry is the dominant industry and cultural industry is the important developing industry in Hainan Province. It is of certain theoretical value and practical significance to develop these two large industries to realize coordinated development and make empirical measurement and evaluation. Marx pointed out that industry convergence would occur when division of labor was developed to a certain degree. The idea of industry convergence was formed until the middle 19th century while academic researches on industry convergence reached the climax in 1990s. Yoffie (1997) semiconductors, computers, calculators and electronic products in other forms would be converged to an industry with the arrival of digital era and it was exactly technique convergence while industry convergence is ______

Guofan Xing, Shuang Wang, School of Economics, University of , Sanya,

75 Reintegration of originally independent products through utilization of digital technique. Masu (2001) held that industry barriers could be reduced; industry convergence could be generated and competitive-cooperative relation between each other industry could be developed ultimately through extension of the limitation and innovation of the technology. Jonas (2004) proposed the definition of convergence that convergence did not refer to that independent industries were merged into a large industry but that a complete ecological system for new professional industry segmentation was created. How to realize convergence development of tourism industry and cultural industry has been a hot issue attracting the attention of scholars at home and abroad. Bob and Hilary (2002) pointed out that cultural tourism was firstly a kind of tourism activity presenting the culture or heritage in the destination to tourism consumers and cultural tourists wanted to have various kinds of cultural experiences, so the convergence of culture and tourism could promote consumption. Greg (2007) pointed out that cultural tourism was the result of the development of globalization and cultural tourism appeared as heritage tourism, religious tourism and cultural festival tourism so it was the convergence of culture and tourism. Tolina (2011) found through studying the sustainable convergence of cultural heritage and tourism that 15 synthetic factors, including participation degree of local residents, education and training, tourism management, comprehensive planning, market and product classification could effectively realize the sustainable convergence development of cultural heritage and tourism. Hou and Zhou (2015) took 16 cities in Yangtze river delta area as research objects and built an analytic model for industry convergence to make an empirical research and the result showed that convergence degree of cultural industry and tourism industry in Yangtze river delta area was not high and basically on the verge of imbalance and in the status of mild imbalance, and cultural industry was lagged behind tourism industry in aspect of development. Wen and Li (2016) built a model for measuring the convergence of tourism industry and cultural industry according to panel data of 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China and the result showed that the convergence degree of tourism industry and cultural industry was relatively low, regional development was unbalanced, and polarization was obvious. To sum up, it is still short of empirical researches on the convergence of tourism industry and cultural industry in the entire Hainan Province and its interior three large regions at present. Therefore, this paper takes Hainan Province and its interior three large regions as research objects and makes an in-depth analysis and comparison of the convergence degree of two large industries in Hainan Province through establishing a mode for measurement and evaluation of convergence coordination degree.

EMPIRICAL RESULTS AND ANALYSIS OF HAINAN PROVINCE

Selection of evaluation index

According to the research on existing literatures, evaluation indexes for the development of tourism industry and cultural industry are firstly set up on basis of Culture and Related Output Classification 2012.

76 Data source

Data of tourism industry from 2000 to 2014 comes from China Tourism Statistic Annual and Hainan Tourism Statistic Annual and data of cultural industry from 2000 to 2014 comes from China Cultural Relics Statistic Annual and Hainan Cultural Relics Statistic Annual. Because statistical caliber of data about tourism industry and cultural industry has a relatively large change after 2000, this paper adopts panel data from 2000 to 2014 as data sample in order to keep the same data caliber and guarantee data reliability and reachability.

Analysis on comprehensive development levels of tourism industry and cultural industry in Hainan Province

On basis of formula (1) to formula (8), evaluation function values of comprehensive development levels of tourism industry and cultural industry in Hainan Province can be gained and shown in table 1.

TABLE 1. Evaluation Function Values of Comprehensive Development Levels of Tourism Industry and Cultural Industry in Hainan Province from 2000 To 2014. Year Tourism F(x) Culture G(y) Tourism F(x)- Culture G(y) 2000 0.1588 0.2059 -0.0471 2001 0.1260 0.1527 -0.0267 2002 0.1533 0.1089 0.0444 2003 0.1529 0.1172 0.0357 2004 0.2050 0.1391 0.0659 2005 0.2707 0.1344 0.1363 2006 0.3701 0.1879 0.1822 2007 0.4699 0.2843 0.1856 2008 0.5745 0.1977 0.3768 2009 0.6293 0.3812 0.2481 2010 0.5495 0.4228 0.1267 2011 0.5987 0.4990 0.0997 2012 0.6103 0.6525 -0.0422 2013 0.7403 0.6586 0.0817 2014 1.7099 0.6546 1.0553 Mean Value 0.4880 0.3198 0.1682

Figure 1. Trends of Comprehensive Development levels of Tourism Industry and Cultural Industry in Hainan Province from 2000 to 2014.

77 Seen from Table 1 and Figure 1, at first, comprehensive development levels of tourism industry and cultural industry in Hainan Province from 2000 to 2014 are on the rise in general. Thus, comprehensive development levels of both industries get obvious promotion. Moreover, for 15 years, comprehensive development level of cultural industry is slightly higher than that of tourism industry merely in 2000, 2001 and 2012, and the development level of tourism industry is higher in the rest 12 years. Furthermore, the development gap between tourism industry and cultural industry is gradually expanded at first, reduced afterwards, and rapidly expended all of a sudden in 2014. Seen from the entity and mean values, comprehensive development level of tourism industry is obviously higher than that of cultural industry.

Analysis on convergence coordination degree of tourism industry and cultural industry in Hainan Province

Seen from table 2, D values of convergence coordination degree of tourism industry and cultural industry in Hainan Province from 2000 to 2014 are on constant rise. D value is the lowest, 0.37 in 2001 while the highest, 1.00 in 2014. Tourism industry and cultural industry are developed from initial status of imbalance between both industries to superior coordination in 2014. At this time, essential productive factors of two large industries are expressed by superior status of convergence and resonance. Thus, it can be seen that tourism industry and cultural industry in Hainan Province has been adjusted from the status of imbalance between both industries to current status of superior convergence after 15 years of development and it is necessary for Hainan Province to hold such status.

TABLE 2. Evaluation Criterion and D Values of Convergence Coordination Degree of Tourism Industry and Cultural Industry in Hainan Province from 2000 to 2014. Year D Value Evaluation Criterion 2000 0.4252 Nearly imbalance 2001 0.3724 Mild imbalance 2002 0.3595 Mild imbalance 2003 0.3659 Mild imbalance 2004 0.4109 Nearly imbalance 2005 0.4367 Nearly imbalance 2006 0.5135 Barely coordination 2007 0.6046 Elementary coordination 2008 0.5805 Barely coordination 2009 0.6999 Elementary coordination 2010 0.6943 Elementary coordination 2011 0.7393 Medium coordination 2012 0.7944 Medium coordination 2013 0.8356 Favorable coordination 2014 1.0000 Superior coordination

78 Analysis on types of convergence coordination degree of tourism industry and cultural industry in Hainan Province

Seen from table 1 and table 3, at first, from the perspective of mean values of both industries, xF )( mean value of tourism industry is 0.49 and xF )( mean value of cultural industry is 0.32, indicating that average development level of tourism industry is higher than that of cultural industry in Hainan Province. Moreover, type analysis shows that the development of tourism industry has been lagged behind for 3 years among 15 years, but lagged extent is relatively low and gap is not large compared with the development of cultural industry. Cultural industry has been lagged behind for 12 years in development from relatively lagged status, expanded lagged status to obviously lagged status. In 2014, it is expressed that cultural industry is abnormally lagged behind tourism industry in development and development gap between both industries is extremely large. Seen from comparison of xF )( and yG )( values, development level of cultural industry is obviously lagged behind that of tourism industry in Hainan Province and it will restrict the expansion of tourism industry in depth and width. Therefore, the development level of cultural industry shall be improved as soon as possible, the convergence of cultural industry and tourism industry shall be deepened as usual, and the cultural attribute of tourism industry shall be intensified at the same time to finally promote the mutual development of both industries.

TABLE 3. Types of Convergence Coordination Degree of Tourism Industry and Cultural Industry in Hainan Province. Year Type 2000 Tourism industry is relatively lagged behind 2001 Tourism industry is relatively lagged behind 2002 Cultural industry is relatively lagged behind 2003 Cultural industry is relatively lagged behind 2004 Cultural industry is relatively lagged behind 2005 Cultural industry is obviously lagged behind 2006 Cultural industry is obviously lagged behind 2007 Cultural industry is obviously lagged behind 2008 Cultural industry is obviously lagged behind 2009 Cultural industry is obviously lagged behind 2010 Cultural industry is obviously lagged behind 2011 Cultural industry is obviously lagged behind 2012 Tourism industry is relatively lagged behind 2013 Cultural industry is relatively lagged behind 2014 Cultural industry is abnormally lagged behind

79 POLICY SUGGESTIONS

On the whole, comprehensive development level of tourism industry is obviously higher than that of cultural industry in Hainan Province; tourism industry and cultural industry in Hainan Province have been adjusted from the status of imbalance between both countries to current status of superior convergence and it is necessary or Hainan Province to hold such status; however, the development of two large industries in Hainan Province is not synchronized and the development level of tourism industry is high and the speed is fast while the development level of cultural industry is low and the speed is slow. Therefore, in order to promote the expansion of tourism industry in depth and width, Hainan Province shall seize the strategic development opportunity of “New Silk Road” to emphatically improve the development level of the entire cultural industry in Hainan Province. Hainan Province shall achieve mastery through a comprehensive study to create a new-type culture to lead the trend of the times and be a the creator and leader of new-type culture and shall also pay more attention to that industrial distribution shall stick closely to the strategic positioning at aerospace culture, convention and exhibition, celebration and sightseeing of Hainan international tourism island to realize the combination of features of “culture” and “tourism”, show and give full play to unique cultural comparative advantage of Hainan Province.

REFERENCES

1. Greg, R. (2007). Cultural Tourism Global and Local Perspectives. Binghamton: Haworth Hospitality Press, 1-341. 2. Hou, B. and Zhou, X.Q. (2014). Assessment and Evaluation of Integration of the Culture Industry and Tourism Industry in Yangtze River Delta. Economic Geography, (11), 211-217. 3. Karl, M. (2004). Capital: 1st Volume. Beijing: People’s Publishing House, 392-395. 4. Lind, J. (2004). Convergence: History of Term Usage and Lessons for Firm Strategies. London: Stockholm School of Economics, Center for Information and Communications Research, 1-14. 5. Wen, G.M. and Li, L.Y. (2016). The Coupling Coordination Degree and Spatial Correlation Analysis on International Development of Tourism Industry and Cultural Industry in China. Economic Geography, (1), 178-185.

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