APPENDICES

David Barrett

APPENDIX 1: RESULTS OF THE GENERAL ELECTION, 26 FEBRUARY 2016

© The Author(s) 2016 293 M. Gallagher, M. Marsh (eds.), How Voted 2016, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-40889-7 294 APPENDICES – 4,985 5,177 4,181 8,926 8,725 5,364 7,823 9,798 2,930 4,322 4,958 15,367 18,723 25,831 11,294 21,625 33,567 17,936 14,325 14,022 12,510 13,278 12,234 11,004 13,530 Others 428 769 644 388 806 836 915 752 1,297 1,730 3,478 1,024 2,621 4,529 1,588 1,251 1,011 2,783 1,700 1,485 1,693 1,541 4,122 1,410 1,354 2,064 Green PartyGreen – – – – – – – – – 721 981 781 6,520 9,775 6,645 2,702 1,728 1,017 2,067 4,629 1,999 1,434 8,041 4,374 1,732 12,246 AAA–PBP – – – 4,378 6,445 5,192 5,675 4,391 4,531 4,205 3,220 2,092 4,813 6,009 4,472 4,087 2,146 6,949 4,277 2,750 3,723 2,856 4,048 3,297 2,417 3,035 Labour 9,590 6,034 3,167 8,566 8,700 2,683 3,774 5,755 5,770 9,458 5,228 4,216 3,205 9,782 5,358 4,267 8,242 2,858 3,238 9,971 6,986 3,656 20,178 16,126 10,008 10,004 Sinn Féin

9,647 6,917 4,575 2,508 6,971 4,750 4,220 5,441 8,482 22,731 11,143 11,367 28,267 12,364 17,952 15,629 12,504 14,185 17,580 13,802 12,858 13,375 14,286 13,626 16,256 23,141 Fianna Fáil 9,321 3,226 4,642 9,105 6,130 11,243 21,306 14,517 19,147 13,597 11,966 18,957 15,437 16,939 12,180 14,707 11,553 11,365 15,038 11,101 12,603 12,573 15,106 14,746 14,384 13,803 73,303 41,952 59,238 73,625 70,009 45,238 39,703 59,650 64,271 23,686 79,273 60,388 57,000 48,935 43,104 52,806 36,786 37,009 51,174 38,868 41,099 46,958 42,857 67,271 55,682 43,258 Valid votes Valid 64,639 92,248 68,432 74,326 90,618 46,028 93,486 83,660 77,609 69,388 83,236 59,162 60,406 81,609 63,295 62,340 67,589 74,666 84,482 63,583 109,516 107,023 103,704 112,751 105,420 117,675 Electorate Electorate, valid votes and for each party

Table A1.1 Table Constituency West Dún Laoghaire Dublin Bay North Carlow– East Dublin Bay South Cavan–Monaghan Galway West Dublin Central Kerry Dublin Clare Kildare North Dublin Mid-West Dublin Mid-West East Kildare South Dublin North-West Dublin North-West Cork North-Central Laois Dublin Rathdown Cork North-West Cork North-West Dublin South-Central Dublin South-West Dublin South-West Cork South-Central Cork South-West Cork South-West Donegal APPENDICES 295 3,752 9,608 9,504 5,960 7,368 3,436 31,991 11,986 10,360 14,799 15,485 23,655 97,069 16,107 24,495 490,941 132,792 111,487 149,593 964 603 311 629 766 525 286 ), the Communist Party irect Democracy Ireland 1,341 2,237 1,102 1,056 3,187 1,350 1,421 5,554 57,997 22,320 15,890 14,233 – – – – – 506 576 982 4,584 1,768 1,646 1,472 3,462 1,780 4,343 84,168 50,139 10,703 18,983 – – – 5,227 1,829 7,746 2,268 4,817 6,143 2,634 2,270 1,166 1,211 10,574 46,237 43,215 40,650 10,791 140,893 5,894 3,347 5,724 9,739 5,270 7,260 6,414 5,780 9,442 4,804 3,075 11,103 19,490 11,151 74,748 87,611 67,620 65,334 295,313

9,279 8,819 12,999 20,177 12,276 18,604 10,603 15,596 19,106 12,521 17,633 81,724 10,818 10,585 15,760 519,353 162,735 159,589 115,305 6,838 6,812 gures. A further 18,398 votes were deemed invalid 13,341 17,247 16,492 12,542 14,850 13,156 16,708 13,222 18,955 32,434 14,386 12,555 544,230 121,972 150,224 156,307 115,727 46,761 62,335 44,412 77,948 51,703 55,246 71,661 67,529 68,804 63,646 41,388 38,605 44,034 45,680 rst preference fi 529,932 581,865 606,975 414,123 2,132,895 75,568 95,911 67,633 81,819 89,241 97,858 92,958 65,588 64,600 65,636 64,235 112,615 109,861 104,696 852,463 904,569 914,545 633,533 3,305,110 : The number of votes obtained refers to fi In this and all other tables ‘Others’ includes the Social Democrats (64,094), (46,552), Independents 4 Change (31,365), D Party (3242), Catholic Democrats (2013), Fís Nua (1224), Irish Democratic Party (971), Postmasters’ Union (930 (6481), Workers’ (185) and independents (333,884), which includes the Independent Alliance (89,828) City Notes Limerick Waterford Longford–Westmeath Longford–Westmeath Wexford Louth Wicklow Mayo Dublin Meath East Rest of Leinster Meath West Meath West Munster Offaly –Ulster Total Total Roscommon–Galway –Leitrim 296 APPENDICES 8.7 8.0 0.0 8.0 6.0 9.0 8.4 8.9 35.1 22.5 36.8 29.7 18.1 33.8 32.3 28.5 22.8 11.9 25.0 33.6 42.3 28.7 25.1 18.6 23.4 31.3 25.5 Others 1.4 2.7 4.6 0.9 2.5 3.3 1.9 4.1 5.9 1.7 2.5 1.3 3.0 2.3 4.0 2.1 3.7 2.1 3.0 1.5 3.3 2.9 3.7 1.7 0.6 11.4 10.0 Green PartyGreen 9.0 4.4 3.0 3.4 3.9 0.0 0.0 1.6 1.2 1.6 0.0 0.0 9.8 3.9 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 3.1 0.0 0.0 10.7 10.2 18.2 15.5 16.5 15.7 AAA–PBP 7.7 8.8 5.0 7.4 9.8 7.7 6.5 8.8 5.0 6.1 8.4 7.3 6.3 0.0 7.8 7.3 0.0 4.3 7.0 0.0 10.6 10.0 15.4 10.0 11.6 11.2 13.2 Labour 9.5 8.7 7.0 5.3 5.9 9.0 6.5 7.4 6.9 8.5 11.6 24.4 22.7 27.0 23.3 14.3 14.4 11.9 11.6 21.2 12.6 12.4 27.0 10.1 19.5 12.5 27.5 Sinn Féin

15.4 11.5 10.6 23.5 16.2 12.8 10.3 12.7 14.3 16.5 18.8 27.3 24.3 15.8 28.2 36.4 35.1 27.8 Fianna Fáil 40.4 30.1 30.8 24.3 27.9 34.6 41.6 19.6 31.0 19.7 30.1 13.6 20.2 26.4 12.5 30.6 14.3 21.9 22.2 36.0 30.1 24.0 21.4 23.6 30.2 32.4 28.5 Fine Gael 27.3 31.8 25.8 28.5 17.8 32.2 25.8 31.9 15.3 67.2 53.4 51.5 64.6 62.1 61.3 65.9 57.4 63.8 64.9 64.2 66.1 62.0 70.3 63.1 62.2 61.4 61.9 Turnout Turnout 65.4 65.8 68.1 63.4 62.7 69.5 65.9 68.0 62.3 Turnout and percentage votes for each party Turnout

Dublin Bay South Dublin Central Dublin Fingal Dublin Mid-West Dublin North West Dublin Rathdown Dublin South-Central Dublin South-West Dublin West Dún Laoghaire Galway East Galway West Kerry Kildare North Kildare South Laois Limerick City Table A1.2 Table Constituency Carlow–Kilkenny Cavan–Monaghan Clare Cork East Cork North-Central Cork North-West Cork South-Central Cork South-West Donegal Dublin Bay North APPENDICES 297 9.4 8.9 27.0 26.8 14.1 17.8 36.6 53.6 15.4 41.0 20.0 21.6 34.4 25.1 19.2 24.6 23.4 23.0 Workers’ Party Workers’ st Party of Ireland 0.7 2.0 4.7 1.0 1.9 3.7 1.2 0.6 1.0 1.7 4.3 1.5 2.0 4.2 2.7 2.3 1.3 2.7 0.0 0.9 5.1 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 2.8 0.0 3.2 2.1 2.6 9.5 1.8 3.1 1.0 3.9 0.0 8.7 9.1 0.0 5.5 3.0 0.0 2.7 2.9 9.9 4.4 3.8 8.7 7.4 6.7 2.6 6.6 14.8

7.5 9.5 6.7 7.3 28.9 10.1 14.0 24.5 10.9 17.8 18.8 10.1 16.2 14.1 15.1 11.1 15.8 13.8 27.6 28.2 18.5 27.7 26.1 27.4 35.8 19.3 32.4 23.9 20.5 26.7 13.5 15.4 28.0 26.3 27.8 24.3 37.1 23.8 19.6 51.0 34.8 32.5 15.5 14.9 27.7 16.1 28.7 23.3 27.5 23.0 25.8 25.8 27.9 25.5 65.7 61.9 64.5 68.5 63.1 59.8 67.1 71.1 65.0 69.2 63.2 65.2 70.3 62.2 64.3 66.4 65.4 64.5 : Others include the Social Democrats (3.0 %), Renua (2.2 %), Independents 4 Change (1.5 %), (0.3 %), Limerick County Longford–Westmeath Louth Mayo Meath East Meath West Offaly Roscommon–Galway Sligo–Leitrim Tipperary Waterford Wexford Wicklow Dublin Rest of Leinster Munster Connacht–Ulster Total Notes (0.2 %), Catholic Democrats (0.1 %), Fís Nua (0.1 %), Irish Democratic Party (0.05 %), Postmasters’ Union (0.04 %), the Communi (0.01 %) and independents (15.7 %), which includes the Independent Alliance (4.2 %) 298 APPENDICES 1–3 2–10 Others 0–7 2–7 0–4 0–7 1–7 1–9 1–6 0–2 0–6 1–7 0–6 0–7 0–8 0–6 1–5 1–8 1–4 1–3 2–9 1–6 1–10 0–4 0–3 0–1 0–1 Green PartyGreen 1–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 1–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 AAA–PBP 0–1 0–1 0–2 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 1–1 1–1 0–2 0–1 0–2 1–1 1–2 1–1 1–1 0–1 0–1 Labour 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 1–1 1–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–2 1–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 Sinn Féin 0–1 1–1 1–1 1–1 0–1 1–2 0–1 1–1 1–1 0–1 1–1 1–2 1–1 0–1 1–1 1–2 0–1 1–3 1–2 0–1 1–2 1–2 0–1 0–1 1–2 1–3 Fianna Fáil 1–1 1–2 2–3 0–1 2–2 2–3 1–3 1–2 1–2 2–2 1–1 1–1 1–1 2–2 2–2 0–1 1–1 2–2 1–2 0–1 0–1 1–1 1–1 0–2

1–2 2–3 Fine Gael 2–2 1–3 2–3 1–1 1–2 1–2 2–3 1–3 1–2 1–2 1–2 1–2 1–2 1–2 1–2 1–1 1–2 1–2 1–3 1–2 1–1 1–3 1–2 3–3 5–20 Total Total 4–14 5–16 5–15 3–15 4–14 4–15 4–16 4–15 5–15 3–9 3–6 4–14 4–15 3–13 4–15 3–11 3–11 5–16 5–20 3–9 4–13 5–21 4–11 4–12 3–10 Seats and candidates by party

Galway West Galway West Constituency Dublin Bay South Table A1.3 Table Kerry Carlow–Kilkenny Dublin Central Kildare North Cavan–Monaghan Clare Cork East Dublin Fingal Kildare South Laois Cork North-Central Dublin Mid-West Cork North-West Cork North-West Cork South-Central Dublin North West Cork South-West Cork South-West Donegal Dublin Bay North Dublin Rathdown Dublin South-Central Dublin South-West Dublin South-West Dublin West Dublin West Dún Laoghaire Galway East APPENDICES 299 rty 3–4 0–4 0–5 1–5 1–9 1–7 0–6 0–8 0–6 0–3 0–6 1–6 2–5 8–70 0–7 4–55 8–62 6–48 26–235 ndidates (one DDI, one sisting of 21 Independent 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 2–11 0–1 0–1 0–11 0–11 0–7 2–40 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–2 0–1 5–12 0–1 0–8 1–7 0–4 6–31 1–1 0–1 1–1 1–1 0–2 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 2–12 0–1 2–11 1–1 3–9 0–4 7–36 ve Independents 4 Change (four elected), 19 Direct Democracy 1–1 1–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 2–2 1–1 0–1 0–1 1–1 1–1 0–1 7–15 1–2 7–12 0–1 6–12 3–11 23–50

1–1 1–1 1–1 1–2 1–3 1–2 1–2 2–2 1–1 1–1 1–2 1–2 6–14 2–3 14–21 1–3 13–19 11–17 44–71 1–2 1–2 2–2 1–3 2–3 2–2 2–3 2–3 2–2 1–2 1–1 0–1 14–22 1–3 16–25 0–3 12–26 8–16 50–89 4–11 4–12 3–10 4–18 5–17 5–16 5–16 4–16 3–12 3–9 3–11 3–12 44–156 4–18 43–143 5–13 43–146 28–107 158–552 ve Workers’ Party (none elected), three Catholic Democrats (none elected), two Fís Nua one Irish Democratic Pa ve Workers’ : Others includes 14 Social Democrats (three elected), 26 Renua (none fi (none elected), one Irish Postmasters’ Union Communist Party of Ireland (none elected) and independents con Alliance (six elected), and 137 other independents (13 elected) Limerick City Figures include outgoing Seán Barrett (FG), automatically re-elected in Dun Laoghaire. They also include two ca independent) who each stood in two constituencies Notes Ireland (none elected), fi Waterford Waterford Limerick County Longford–Westmeath Wexford Wexford Louth Wicklow Mayo Meath East Meath West Offaly Roscommon–Galway Dublin Sligo–Leitrim Rest of Leinster Tipperary Munster Connacht–Ulster Total Total 300 APPENDICES

APPENDIX 2: MEMBERS OF THE 32ND DÁIL APPENDICES 301 )

a – 8,041 9,775 8,156 9,099 6,583 7,195 5,361 9,827 9,792 6,071 5,358 5,681 6,445 6,130 7,414 9,402 8,447 7,123 9,366 11,151 10,603 10,818 10,661 10,489 continued ( First pref First pref votes in 2016 1 2 1 1 1 4 1 6 1 3 1 1 5 1 3 2 1 3 1 2 2 3 1 10 10 Times Times elected 2016 2011 2016 2016 2016 2002 2016 1992 2016 2007 2016 2016 1992 2016 2007 2007 2016 2007 2016 2011 2011 2007 2016 1981 F1982 First elected

62 73 67 75 63 47 44 63 57 53 57 75 82 48 69 49 56 55 58 66 75 66 77 65 73 Aug- Nov- Jul- Mar- Jun- Mar- Jun- Aug- Oct- Mar- Jun- Date of birth Feb- Oct- Feb- Sep- Feb- Jun- May- May- Dec- Sep- Oct- Apr- Nov- Aug- Journalist Teacher Carpenter Pharmacist School principal architect Farmer, Company director Teacher Barrister Economist Accountant Occupation Builder Accountant Accountant Retailer chef Homemaker, Solicitor Farmer Employee of Chambers Ireland Lecturer Publican Barman Farmer ground staff Insurance broker AAA–PBP AAA–PBP SF FF FF FG FG I4C FF FG FG Party SF FG Lab FF FG FF FF FF IA FG SF FF FG FG Mick Barry (Cork North Central) (Dun Laoghaire) John Brady (Wicklow) John Brassil (Kerry) Declan Breathnach (Louth) (Clare) (Dublin South-West) Broughan (Dublin Bay North) Tommy James Browne (Wexford) (Dublin Bay North) TD (constituency) Pat Buckley (Cork East) (Longford–Westmeath) (Dublin West) (Waterford) Catherine Byrne (Dublin SC) Thomas Byrne (Meath East) (Tipperary) (Mayo) Seán Canney (Galway East) Ciarán Cannon (Galway East) (Clare) (Louth) Bobby Aylward (Carlow–Kilkenny) (Dun Laoghaire) Seán Barrett (Dun Laoghaire) 302 APPENDICES 4,877 6,520 7,641 7,798 6,765 7,370 6,195 9,480 6,045 6,971 8,231 9,739 3,226 6,917 6,974 8,869 6,830 6,289 6,562 6,838 7,965 12,276 10,215 14,348 10,585 12,366 10,300 First pref First pref votes in 2016 2 1 2 4 3 2 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 1 1 2 1 3 2 1 6 2 1 2 2 3 5 Times Times elected 2011 2016 2002 2007 2007 2016 2011 2011 2011 2007 2002 2007 2016 2016 2011 2016 2002 2011 2016 1989 2011 2016 2011 2011 B-2014 B-2010 B-1998 First elected

55 90 86 67 73 57 61 72 67 70 58 69 75 67 67 68 78 61 60 74 63 72 63 71 60 74 77 Apr- Apr- Jan- Nov- Oct- Mar- Mar- Feb- Feb- Dec- Jun- Apr- Jul- Jun- Feb- Aug- Jul- Sep- Nov- Mar- Feb- Apr- Apr- Jun- Jul- Jan- Date of birth Mar- Mar- Jun- Aug- Feb- clerk Teacher Teacher Company director Barrister US congressional aide Lecturer, accountant Lecturer, Farmer Farmer Teacher Trade unionist Trade Farmer An Post Company director IT and publishing salesman Barrister Car parts manager Sales & marketing director Medical student Printing operative Management consultant Journalist Farmer Civil engineer Sales director Hotelier Manager of family business Auctioneer Farmer AAA–PBP FG Ind FG FF FG Ind FG I4C FG I4C FF FF FF SF FG FF SF SD FF FG SF FG FF FG FF FG Kennedy (Offaly) (Dublin West) Ruth Coppinger (Dublin West) Marcella Corcoran- (Galway West) Catherine Connolly (Galway West) John Deasy (Waterford) (Limerick County) Michael D’Arcy (Wexford) Michael Collins (Cork South West) Michael Collins (Cork South West) (Cork South-West) (Dublin Fingal) Andrew Doyle (Wicklow) Joan Collins (Dublin SC) John Curran (Dublin Mid-West) (Clare) (Mayo) (Waterford) (Dublin Central) Jack Chambers (Dublin West) Jack Chambers (Dublin West) Seán Crowe (Dublin South-West) (Wicklow) (Meath West) Shane Cassells (Meath West) (Cork North-West) (Donegal) (Meath East) TD (constituency) Party Occupation (continued) (Wicklow) (Cork SC) (Offaly) (Carlow–Kilkenny) APPENDICES 303 ) 8,007 7,452 9,991 8,370 4,629 8,629 6,408 9,028 9,750 7,746 8,306 9,458 9,674 7,514 7,696 7,187 8,123 7,571 7,851 8,700 6,147 continued 13,626 13,318 10,819 14,286 10,574 12,391 10,198 20,378 ( 5 5 4 1 7 1 1 2 2 4 2 2 2 4 5 2 2 4 4 4 8 2 9 2 2 1 2 13 10 1997 1992 2016 1987 2016 2016 2011 2011 1992 2011 2011 2002 1997 2011 2011 2002 2002 2002 1987 2011 1981 2011 2011 2016 1981 2011 B-2000 B-2014 B-1975

62 56 61 56 50 50 78 52 82 48 45 77 65 86 52 58 78 51 81 67 72 55 68 73 52 75 Aug- n/a Jan- Feb- Nov- Nov- Jan- Jul- n/a May- Apr- Apr- Oct- Aug- Jul- Jan- Mar- Mar- Jan- Mar- Mar- Dec- 1963 Jan- Dec- Feb- May- Mar- Mar- Oct- Aug- Apr- Apr- Mar- Mar- organiser union organiser Trade Hospital administrator Businessman, contractor Shop and plant hire owner Accountant Full-time public representative Solicitor Care assistant Medical doctor Contractor, farmer Contractor, Regional business manager Teacher Teacher Political aide Social worker Semi-state e-business manager Radio operator Fisherman Farmer Publican Estate agent Credit union manager Sales representative Company director Accountant Teacher Teacher Fish exporter Television repairman Television Farmer Agricultural contractor SF Ind Ind Ind FF FF FG AAA–PBP Ind IA FG FG FG FG Lab IA SF FF FG FG FG FG Ind FG Lab FF SF FG FG n (Kerry) (Carlow–Kilkenny) Séamus Healy (Tipperary) Danny Healy-Rae (Kerry) Michael Healy-Rae (Kerry) Seán Fleming (Laois) Seán Haughey (Dublin Bay North) Charlie Flanagan (Laois) (Dublin Mid-West) Gino Kenny (Dublin Mid-West) Michael Harty (Clare) Michael Fitzmaurice (Roscommon–Galway) (Louth) (Mayo) Simon Harris (Wicklow) Frances Fitzgerald (Dublin Mid-West) Frances Fitzgerald (Dublin Mid-West) (Tipperary) John Halligan (Waterford) John Halligan (Waterford) (Kerry) (Cork North Central) Brendan Griffi (Dublin Fingal) (Cavan–Monaghan) (Wexford) (Galway West) Noel Grealish (Galway West) (Meath West) Damien English (Meath West) (Wexford) Brendan Howlin (Wexford) Pat ‘the Cope’ Gallagher (Donegal) (Dublin North-West) Dessie Ellis (Dublin North-West) (Kildare South) (Kildare North) 304 APPENDICES 5,039 5,878 5,770 7,556 4,122 6,668 8,856 7,461 6,172 5,264 9,647 8,412 7,332 8,829 6,136 7,586 8,924 6,356 10,817 11,237 11,346 12,533 13,064 11,108 10,528 11,795 First pref First pref votes in 2016 2 3 1 4 7 2 2 1 2 1 8 1 1 2 2 1 3 5 1 3 2 5 1 1 1 3 Times Times elected 2011 2007 2016 2002 1989 2011 2016 2011 2016 1987 2016 2016 2011 2011 2016 2007 1997 2016 2011 1997 2016 2016 2016 2007 B-2013 B-2005 First elected

70 69 69 75 64 60 76 76 54 55 69 77 69 53 67 59 58 86 72 53 49 68 73 71 Jun- Sep- May- Jun- Apr- Aug- May- Sep- Oct- May- Mar- Mar- Jul- Aug- Jan- n/a Sep- Dec- Nov- Jul- n/a Jan- May- Mar- Apr- Apr- Date of birth Oct- Aug- School principal Plant hire contractor Assistant team leader Political aide, bank employee School principal Teacher Productivity consultant Teacher Farmer, political organiser political organiser Farmer, Solicitor Company director Estate agent Barrister Sales representative Optician shop assistant Clerical worker Catering entrepreneur Psychotherapist Teacher Engineer Farmer Agri-environment consultant Transport company director Owner of taxi company Community project coordinator Accountant FG Ind SF FG IA FF SF Green FF FG Ind FF FF FG SF SD FG FF FG FF FF FG FF IA SF FF Kevin ‘Boxer’ Moran (Longford–Westmeath) Kevin ‘Boxer’ Moran (Longford–Westmeath) Mary Mitchell O’Connor (Dun Laoghaire) Mattie McGrath (Tipperary) (Dublin Bay North) Helen McEntee (Meath East) Finian McGrath (Dublin Bay North) Micheál Martin (Cork South-Central) Mary Lou McDonald (Dublin Central) Catherine Martin (Dublin Rathdown Charlie McConalogue (Donegal) (Dublin Rathdown) (Tipperary) Marc MacSharry (Sligo–Leitrim) James Lawless (Kildare North) McLoughlin (Sligo–Leitrim) Tony (Louth) Catherine Murphy (Kildare North (Cork North Central) (Dublin South-West) John Lahart (Dublin South-West) Joe McHugh (Donegal) (Cork North-West) Aindrias Moynihan (Cork North-West) Michael Moynihan (Cork North-West) Seán Kyne (Galway West) Seán Kyne (Galway West) John McGuinness (Carlow–Kilkenny) TD (constituency) Party Occupation (continued) (Sligo–Leitrim) Michael McGrath (Cork South-Central) APPENDICES 305 ) 6,469 6,814 8,479 7,568 4,817 7,294 9,539 6,639 5,227 1,990 8,013 4,804 5,399 6,341 4,567 5,228 4,575 6,906 8,482 9,782 7,965 6,813 9,005 6,231 8,264 4,529 continued ( 10,826 12,999 10,060 13,936 4 4 2 2 2 6 6 5 5 3 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 10 11 2002 2002 2011 2011 2007 1992 1981 1996 2002 2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 1997 2016 1997 2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 2011 2016 2011 F1982 B-1998 B-2009 B-2013

43 57 77 63 52 56 64 77 51 50 71 58 89 60 83 67 64 82 48 78 50 75 53 73 73 80 68 72 74 Apr- Apr- Sep- Mar- Mar- Sep- Jul- Nov- Dec- Mar- Aug- n/a May- Jun- Aug- Sep- Jan- May- May- Sep- Sep- Jun- Jan- May- Apr- Apr- Apr- Jan- Feb- Oct- Dec- Apr- Apr- Apr- rm manager cial Farmer Teacher Teacher Teacher Teacher Barrister Insurance fi Accountant, barrister Teacher Teacher Barrister School principal Teacher Cooperative manager Teacher Teacher, business consultant Teacher, Pharmacist Company head of operations Teacher Teacher Bank offi unionist Trade Research scientist Senior Counsel Primary school teacher Political aide to MEP Special needs assistant Policy advisor Political aide Radio presenter Community worker Farmer Speechwriter FF FG FG FG FF FF Lab Ind Lab SF FG FF SF FG FG FF FG SF SF Ind FF FF AAA–PBP FF SF SF FF FF FF FG Kevin O’Keeffe (Cork East) Seán Ó Fearghaíl (Kildare Seán Ó Fearghaíl South) Fergus O’Dowd (Louth) Fergus Jonathan O’Brien (Cork North-Central) Patrick O’Donovan (Limerick County) (Carlow–Kilkenny) Darragh O’Brien (Dublin Fingal) Willie O’Dea (Limerick City) Jan O’Sullivan (Limerick City) Maureen O’Sullivan (Dublin Central) (Longford–Westmeath) (Offaly) Michael Noonan (Limerick City) Éamon Ó Cuív (Galway West) Éamon Ó Cuív (Galway West) Aengus Ó Snodaigh (Dublin South-Central) Tom Neville (Limerick County) Tom Kate O’Connell (Dublin Bay South) Frank O’Rourke (Kildare North) (Galway West) Hildegarde Naughton (Galway West) Caoimhghín Ó Caoláin (Cavan–Monaghan) Louise O’Reilly (Dublin Fingal) (Roscommon–Galway) Jim O’Callaghan (Dublin Bay South) Fiona O’Loughlin (Kildare South) Paul Murphy (Dublin South West) Paul Murphy (Dublin South West) Margaret Murphy O’Mahony (Cork SW) Eoin Ó Broin (Dublin Mid-West) Eoin Ó Broin (Dublin Mid-West) Donnchadh Ó Laoghaire (Cork SC) (Roscommon–Galway) (Dublin Bay South) 306 APPENDICES 6,949 7,917 5,874 8,247 4,529 6,009 9,442 7,171 4,642 8,242 6,928 6,268 5,894 8,775 4,374 6,220 4,463 11,653 10,202 11,275 10,540 First pref First pref votes in 2016 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 5 1 2 1 6 1 1 6 1 2 6 1 Times Times elected 2007 2011 2007 2007 2002 2011 2011 2011 2011 1997 2016 2011 2016 2016 2016 1992 2016 2011 1992 2016 B-1994 First elected rst elected at a by-election

76 55 87 53 68 72 53 70 53 57 54 74 56 79 82 61 67 54 63 49 Dec- Nov- Jul- Jan- Jul- Jan- Feb- Jun- Jul- Feb- Dec- Nov- Jan- Oct- n/a May- Jan- Jun- Date of birth Aug- Apr- Nov- cer Political aide Builder and property developer Butcher, auctioneer Butcher, Medical doctor Environmental consultant Postmaster Food chemist Management consultant Stockbroker, journalist Stockbroker, Teacher Auctioneer Political aide builder driver, Truck Financial advisor unionist Trade Arts and Education Offi Travel agency manager Travel Ministerial advisor Water treatment plant manager Water of the deaf Teacher Lecturer Ind Lab I4C FF FG Green FF Lab SF IA FG FG FG SF FF AAA–PBP FF SF FF Ind SD : Most TDs are full-time public representatives. For such TDs, the occupations given here are those previously followed (Dublin South-West) Seán Sherlock (Cork East) (Wexford) Éamon Scanlon (Sligo–Leitrim) (Dublin West) (Dublin Bay South Robert (Longford–Westmeath) Troy Brendan Ryan (Dublin Fingal) (Meath West) Peadar Tóibín (Dublin Rathdown) (Cork East) (Mayo) (Dublin North-West) Brian Stanley (Laois) (Galway East) Bríd Smith (Dublin South Central) (Cavan–Monaghan) (Limerick City) Brendan Smith (Cavan–Monaghan) Notes Seán Barrett was returned automatically as the outgoing Ceann Comhairle There were two general elections in 1982, February (F) and November (N). ‘B-’ indicates that deputy was fi TD (constituency) Party Occupation (continued) Thomas Pringle (Donegal) Róisín Shortall (Dublin North-West APPENDICES 307

APPENDIX 3: THE GOVERNMENT AND MINISTERS OF STATE

A government was elected by the Dáil on 6 May 2016, 70 days after elec- tion day (see Chapter 11 ). It consisted of ministers of Fine Gael together with some independent deputies. Enda Kenny’s nomination as was supported by 59 TDs; 50 Fine Gael deputies plus Seán Canney, John Halligan, Michael Harty, Michael Lowry, Finian McGrath, Kevin ‘Boxer’ Moran, Denis Naughten, Shane Ross and Katherine Zappone. It was opposed by 49 TDs. Fianna Fáil and the abstained on the vote. The cabinet consists of:

Enda Kenny FG Taoiseach and Minister for Defence Frances Fitzgerald FG Tánaiste and Minister for Justice and Equality Richard Bruton FG Minister for Education and Skills Simon Coveney FG Minister for Housing, Planning and Local Government Michael Creed FG Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine Paschal Donohoe FG Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform FG Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade Simon Harris FG Minister for Health Heather FG Minister for Regional Development, Rural Affairs, Arts and the Humphreys Gaeltacht Mary Mitchell FG Minister for Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation O’Connor Denis Naughten Ind Minister for Communications, Climate Change and Natural Resources Michael Noonan FG Minister for Finance Shane Ross Ind Minister for Transport, Tourism and Sport Leo Varadkar FG Minister for Social Protection Katherine Zappone Ind Minister for Children and Youth Affairs (Máire Whelan Attorney General) Ministers of state, their departments and areas of special responsibility Regina Doherty FG Taoiseach (Government Chief Whip) Pat Breen FG Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation (Employment and Small Business) Catherine Byrne FG Regional Development, Rural Affairs, Arts and the Gaeltacht; Health (Communities and the National Drugs Strategy) Seán Canney Ind Public Expenditure and Reform (The Offi ce of Public Works and Flood Relief) Marcella Corcoran FG Health (Health Promotion) Kennedy (continued ) 308 APPENDICES

(continued )

Andrew Doyle FG Agriculture, Food and the Marine (Food, Forestry and Horticulture) Damien English FG Housing, Planning and Local Government; (Housing and Urban Renewal) John Halligan Ind Education and Skills; Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation (Training and Skills) Paul Kehoe FG Taoiseach, Defence (Defence) Seán Kyne FG Regional Development, Rural Affairs, Arts and the Gaeltacht; Communications, Climate Change and Natural Resources (Gaeltacht Affairs and Natural Resources) Helen McEntee FG Health (Mental Health and Older People) Finian McGrath Ind Health; Justice and Equality; Social Protection (Disability Issues) Joe McHugh FG Taoiseach, Foreign Affairs and Trade (Diaspora and Overseas Development Aid) Dara Murphy FG Taoiseach; Foreign Affairs and Trade; Justice (European Affairs, Data Protection and the EU Single Market) Eoghan Murphy FG Finance; Public Expenditure and Reform (Financial Services, eGovernment and Public Procurement) Patrick FG Transport, Tourism and Sport (Tourism and Sport) O’Donovan Michael Ring FG Regional Development, Rural Affairs, Arts and the Gaeltacht (Regional Economic Development) David Stanton FG Justice (Equality, Immigration and Integration)

Note : Regina Doherty, as chief whip, and Paul Kehoe and Finian McGrath, as ‘super-junior’ ministers, attend cabinet meetings

APPENDIX 4: THE ELECTORAL SYSTEM

Proportional representation by the single transferable vote (PR-STV) is the electoral system used in Ireland for Dáil elections, for Seanad elec- tions, for local elections and for elections to the . Internationally it is relatively rare; Malta is the only other country to employ it for elections for the lower house of a national parliament. It is also used for elections to the Australian Senate and for the Assembly. Ireland does not use a national constituency in order to elect parlia- mentary deputies (TDs). Rather the country is divided into 40 separate constituencies. The district magnitude of these districts in Dáil elections varies between three and fi ve. There is a constitutional minimum constitu- APPENDICES 309 ency size of three. There is no maximum size, but since 1948 no constitu- ency has returned more than fi ve TDs. In 2016, there were 13 three-seat constituencies, 16 four-seat constituencies and 11 fi ve-seat constituencies. In the 2016 election these 40 constituencies returned 157 deputies, with another—the Ceann Comhairle—being returned automatically. All Irish and British citizens, provided they are resident in Ireland, are entitled to vote. Ballot papers are arranged in alphabetical order by the surname of the candidate. This will be accompanied by their photograph, a party label if applicable and usually an occupation (though this is often simply ‘public representative’) and address. Independents cannot describe themselves as such but may use the designation ‘non-party’ (see p. 208 above). Voters rank candidates in their order of preference, so they would write ‘1’ next to the name of the candidate they would most like to win, ‘2’ for their second choice and so on; only a fi rst preference is required to render the vote valid, and after that the voter may rank as many or as few of the other candidates as they wish. There are no constraints as to what criteria voters may use in order to rank the candidates, so they are free to vote across party lines with their preferences if they wish. In most cases, polling sta- tions are open from 7:00 AM to 10:00 PM. Voting before polling day is restricted to those living on offshore islands and those very few who are entitled to postal votes. A candidate is deemed elected if they reach a number of votes equal to the Droop quota at any point in the election count. The Droop quota is calculated as follows: it is the smaller integer greater than the result of dividing the total number of votes cast by the number of seats in the con- stituency plus one. For example, if there were a fi ve-seat constituency with 60,000 votes cast, the quota would be ((60,000/(5 + 1)) + 1) = 10,001. This number has the property that it is the minimum number of votes that only fi ve candidates can possibly attain. Unlike in many countries, the counting of votes does not commence immediately after the closing of polls. Instead, the ballot boxes are taken to a counting centre and opened at 9 the following morning. At the end of each stage of the counting process, the constituency returning offi cer announces the result. If a candidate exceeds the quota on that count they are deemed elected. If all seats are not fi lled at the end of the fi rst stage the count proceeds to a second stage, and so on. Assuming that no candidate reached the quota at the fi rst stage the candidate with the lowest num- ber of fi rst preferences is eliminated and each of their votes is distributed 310 APPENDICES according to the second preference marked on it. If a candidate exceeds the quota their surplus—the number of votes they had over and above the quota—is calculated and distributed according to the proportion of sec- ond preferences marked for each of the remaining candidates. (For a full explanation of exactly how the system works see ‘Further reading’ below.) This continues until all seats are fi lled by candidates reaching the quota, or until, even if the highest-placed remaining candidate is still below the quota, it is not mathematically possible for them to be overtaken even if they receive no votes from each remaining elimination. In 2016, the shortest count was Laois (three stages) and the longest was Dublin South West (16). Candidates whose vote total reaches a quarter of a quota at any point in the count may claim back expenses, to a maximum of €8700. The transfer of votes is the distinctive feature of PR-STV. It allows voters to convey very detailed information as to what they really prefer—uncon- strained by party or any other criteria. This allows us to assess many factors that are otherwise diffi cult to measure, such as how close parties stand to each other in the minds of voters and the importance of non-party- based candidate characteristics, such as geography or gender, for voters.

FURTHER READING Department of the Environment, Guide to Ireland’s PR-STV Electoral System, available at http://www.environ.ie/sites/default/fi les/ migrated-files/en/Publications/LocalGovernment/Voting/ FileDownLoad,1895,en.pdf Gallagher, Michael, ‘Ireland: the discreet charm of PR-STV’, pp. 511–32 in Michael Gallagher and Paul Mitchell (eds), The Politics of Electoral Systems (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008). Sinnott, Richard, ‘The electoral system’, pp. 111–36 in John Coakley and Michael Gallagher (eds), Politics in the , 5th ed (Abingdon: Routledge and PSAI Press, 2010). APPENDICES 311

APPENDIX 5: RETIREMENTS AND DEFEATED INCUMBENTS FROM THE 31ST DÁIL

Members of the 31st Dáil who did not contest the election to the 32nd Dáil

John Browne Wexford FF Michael Colreavy Sligo–Nth Leitrim SF Michael Conaghan Dublin South-Central Lab Dublin Mid-West Lab Roscommon–Sth Leitrim FG Tom Fleming Kerry South Ind Éamon Gilmore Dun Laoghaire Lab Dublin West AAA–PBP Seán Kenny Dublin North-East Lab Séamus Kirk Louth FF Michael Kitt Galway East FF Dinny McGinley Donegal South-West FG Sandra McLellan Cork East SF Olivia Mitchell Dublin South FG Limerick County FG Ruairí Quinn Dublin South-East Lab Dublin South-West Lab Wexford FG Kildare South Lab Brian Walsh a Galway West FG a Walsh had resigned his seat in January 2016, and it was vacant at the time of the 2016 general election

Members of the 31st Dáil who were defeated at the 2016 election Longford–Westmeath FG Tom Barry Cork East FG Meath West FG Cork South-Central FG Dublin South-Central Lab Waterford FG Áine Collins Cork North-West FG Seán Conlon Cavan–Monaghan Ind Paul Connaughton Galway East FG Waterford Lab Tipperary FG Joe Costello Dublin Central Lab Dublin Bay South Renua Kerry FG Anne Ferris Wicklow Lab (continued ) 312 APPENDICES

(continued )

Terence Flanagan Dublin Bay North Renua Meath East Lab Noel Harrington Cork South-West FG Tom Hayes Tipperary FG Kevin Humphreys Dublin Bay South Lab Dublin Mid-West FG Galway East FF Kildare North FG Ciarán Lynch Cork South-Central Lab Kathleen Lynch Cork North-Central Lab John Lyons Dublin North-West Lab Pádraig MacLochlainn Donegal SF Éamonn Maloney Dublin South-West Ind Peter Matthews Dublin Rathdown Ind Michael McCarthy Cork South-West Lab Gabrielle McFadden Longford–Westmeath FG Michael McNamara Clare Lab Mayo FG Louth Lab Galway West Lab Kieran O’Donnell Limerick City FG John O’Mahony Galway West FG Joe O’Reilly Cavan–Monaghan FG Aodhán Ó Ríordáin Dublin Bay North Lab John Perry Sligo–Leitrim FG Carlow–Kilkenny Lab James Reilly Dublin Fingal FG Dublin Rathdown FG Arthur Spring Kerry Lab Kildare North Lab Wicklow Renua Dublin Mid-West Lab Dublin Rathdown Lab INDEX

A Andrews, Chris, 151 Aardal, Bernt, 182n2 Anglo–Irish Bank, 5, 23 Aarts, Kees, 184n19, 289n4 Anti-Austerity Alliance–People Before Abedi, Amir, 225n16 Profi t (AAA-PBP) abortion, xxiii, 16, 18, 63, 87, 132, background, 6, 18, 73, 84, 87–8 140, 141, 173, 195, 270, 273 in campaign, 104, 105, 132, 137, Adams, Gerry, xxii, xxiii, 27, 82, 84, 159, 165, 193, 194 92, 178, 179, 193, 257, 258, 264 candidates, 52, 64–5, 68, 69, 72, Adshead, Maura, 290n14 186, 191 age and government formation, 264 of ministers, 272 in party system, 148, 235 of TDs , 103, 132, 153–4, 199, support, 135, 138, 166, 172, 175, 204n27 180 and voting behaviour, 164, 180, TDs , 197 182n4 Áras an Uachtaráin, xxi, 1, 2, 90, Agricultural Science Association, 232 264 Ahern, Bertie, 11, 121, 220, 221, 284 Ardagh, Catherine, 149, 189 Aldrich, John, 226n32 Arkins, Audrey, 24n9 Alternative für Deutschland, 86 Arnold, Tom, 252n30 Anderson, Christopher J., 183n10, Australia, 222, 229, 288, 308 184n14 Austria, 260, 261, 281 Andeweg, Rudy, 289n4 Aylward, Bobby, 20, 301

Note: Page number followed by “n” denote footnote.

© The Author(s) 2016 313 M. Gallagher, M. Marsh (eds.), How Ireland Voted 2016, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-40889-7 314 INDEX

B budgetary process, 2, 195, 267, 269, Bacik, Ivana, 243, 244, 253n32 270, 274, 286 Bale, Tim, 80 Bulgaria, 126 ballot access, 49, 225n16 Bulsara, Hament, 287, 291n22 banking , 7, 21–3, 45n19, 108, 230, Burke, Colm, 55, 239 245 Burke, Deirdre, 243 Bannon, James, 100, 311 Burke, Peter, 99–102, 151 Barcelona FC, 122 Burke, Ray, 12 Bardon, Sarah, 276n14, 276n16, Burton, Joan 276n23 becomes Labour leader, 17–18, Barrett, Seán (senator), 244, 245 84–5 Barrett, Seán (TD), 153, 204n26 in campaign, xxiv, 2, 90, 104–6, Bauer, Nichole, 204n18 114, 193, 194, 196, 258 Begg, David, 244 in government, 6, 200 Belgium, 261 as Labour leader, 22, 73, 85, 89, Belton, Jack, 225n20 137, 258 Belton, Patrick, 225n20 resignation, xxvi Bergman, Torbjörn, 226n34 Butler, Margaret, 196 betting market, vi, 125, 148–51, Butler, Ray, 239 156n16 Buttimer, Jerry, 108, 111, 239, 311 Bille, Lars, 72n1 by-elections, 7, 8, 17–20, 58, 84, 112, Bjarnegård, Elin, 203n12, 203n13 120, 138, 154, 199, 225n20, Black, Frances, 237, 240 237, 252n23, 271, 306 Blais, André, 184 Byrne, Alfi e , 209 Blaney, Neil, 224n7 Byrne, Alfi e Jr. , 225n20 Bochel, John, 73n9 Byrne, Aoife, 58 bondholders, 7, 28, 34, 39 Byrne, David, 91 Boyd Barrett, Richard, 88, 138, 264, Byrne, Derek, 203n14 301 Byrne, Elaine, 25n26, 252n30 Boyhan, Victor, 237 Byrne, Kevin, 275n4 Boylan, Lynn, 17 Byrne, Patrick, 224n5 Brancati, Dawn, 224n9 Byrne, Thomas, 225n20 Brennan, Séamus, 113 Brophy, Ed, 85 Broughan, Tommy, 16, 65, 142, 149, C 214, 216, 301 Cahill, Máiría, 82, 258 Browne, Vincent, 109, 123n2, 301 Calleary, Dara, 250, 253n36, 301 Bruton, Richard, 5, 6, 54–6, 142, Callinan, Martin, 13 144, 187, 301, 307 Cameron, David, xxiv, 78, 79 Buckley, Fiona, 202n1, 202n9, Cameron, Deborah, 203n17 204n23, 204n28 Campbell, Ollie, 122 Buckley, Pat, 59 Campbell, Rosie, 73n10 INDEX 315

Canada, 222, 224n3, 228 Clifford Lee, Lorraine, 58, 238 candidates Clinton, Bill, 77, 96n2 background of, 66–71, 190–2, 213 Clonan, Tom, 244 campaigning techniques, 99–123 Coakley, John, 24n7, 25n21, 224n12, as election factor, 179–81 250n1, 251n4, 251n16, 252n27, fates, 127–9, 196–9, 215 253n34, 291n17, 291n22 selection of, 17, 47–73, 76, 80, Coffey, Paudie, 239, 311 100–1, 103, 104, 121, 133, Coghlan, Eamonn, 252n20 145, 186–92, 201 Collins, Joan, 65, 193, 197, 214 selection of (Seanad), 118, 231–5 Collins, Michael (independent TD), and vote choice, 179–81 214, 217 Canney, Seán, xxvi, 214, 301, 307 Collins, Michael (pro-Treaty leader), Cannon, Ciarán, 55, 226n37, 301 2, 23n4, 31 canvassing, 72n2, 81, 101–6, 108–10, Collins, Stephen, 43n2, 226n26, 115, 118, 119, 121–3, 142, 144, 276n14, 276n20 235–6, 241 Communist Party (Italy), 258 Carney Boud, Cathleen, 60 Communist Party of Ireland, 141 Catholic Democrats (National Party), Conlan, Seán, 72n5, 141, 215 52, 141 Connolly, Catherine, 149, 197, 216, Ceann Comhairle (speaker of Dáil), 302 xxiv, 40, 204n26, 263, 274, consensus model, 286–8 284–7, 309 Conservative Party (UK), 78–80, 94, Chaisty, Paul, 275n8 148, 167, 203n10 Chambers, Jack, 58, 103–6, 154 Constitutional Convention, 20, 40, Chambers, Lisa, 151, 196 252n30, 291n16 Chari, Raj, 290n15 constitution, xxii, xxiii, xxv, 16, 20, Cheeseman, Nic, 275n8 49, 51, 61, 66, 120, 189, Chiaramonte, Alessandro, 283, 195, 208, 227, 229, 230, 290n10 232, 233, 242, 247–9, 262, child benefi t , 27 270–3, 284, 286–8, 290, childcare, 83, 86, 109, 194, 195 291n16, 308 Childers, Nessa, 16 Conway, Joe, 237, 252n17 Childs, Sarah, 203n10 Conway-Walsh, Rose, 240 Chopra, Ajai, 39 Coonan, Noel, 239, 311 Chubb, Basil, 223n1, 290n11 Coppinger, Ruth, 17, 18, 104, 106, citizens’ assembly, 270 138, 193, 197, 302 , 137 corruption, 12, 223 , 137 Costello, Pat, 117, 119 class, and vote choice, 4, 6, 92, 127, Costello, Rory, 43–5 131–3, 137, 165–8, 170, 172, Coughlan, Cathal, 225n20 175–6, 180–2, 212 Coughlan, Clement, 225n20 clergy, 102 Coughlan, Mary, 200 316 INDEX

Coveney, Simon, 6, 29, 76, 108, 111, de Valera, Éamon, 229 263, 272, 302, 307 Devlin, Cormac, 58, 189 Cowen, Brian, 5 diaspora, 240 Cowley, Philip, 73n10, 156n13 Dillon, James, 212 Craughwell, Gerard, 20, 66, 214, 237 Direct Democracy Ireland, 52, 140–1 Creighton, Lucinda, xxvi, 16, 18, 63, disproportionality, 128, 133–4 87, 140, 142, 193, 197, 204n19, Ditonto, Tessa, 203n18 311 Dittmar, Kelly, 203n16 crime, 12, 91, 94, 105, 106, 193 Doherty, Regina, 200, 272 cronyism, 3, 18–21, 87 Dolan, John , 237 Crowley, Brian, 17 Dolan, Kathleen, 203n18 Crown, John, 243 Donnelly, Paul, 104, 151 Cuffe, Jennifer, 238 Donnelly, Stephen, xxiii, 18, 139, 215, Cumann na nGaedheal, 126, 275n7 302 Cummins, Maurice, 238 Dooley, Timmy, 238, 302 Curran, Tom, 77 Dorgan, Seán, 80, 82, 93 Czech Republic, 128 Dowds, Robert, 60, 73n6 Downs, Anthony, 132, 155n5 Doyle, Kevin, 275n2 D Droop quota, 127, 129, 151, 215, Dáil Éireann 309 background of members, 152–4, Duch, Raymond M., 183n10 196–7, 199 Dunne, Seán, 224n7 functioning of, 32, 87, 263, 267, Durand, Claire, 182n2 273–4, 283–9 Durkan, Bernard, 100, 154, 303 size, 33, 48, 127 Dalton, Russell J., 184n24 Daly, Clare, 65, 193, 197, 214, 215, E 302 Ecker, Alejandro, 275n5 Daly, Martin, 244 Economic Management Council, 7 Dansatch, Ferdinand, 192 economy D’Arcy, Jim, 252n20 record of, v, 2, 9, 14–15, 23, 34–5, Davis, Mary, 9 77–9, 81, 90–1, 94, 95, 105, debt, xxii, 7, 9, 23, 110, 168, 169, 139, 168 268 and voting behaviour, 21, 168–71, Deenihan, Jimmy, 151, 311 174, 181, 216, 218, 282 Democratic Left, 4, 5 effective number of parties, 126, Denmark, 126, 169, 228 155n1, 260, 261, 275n6, 282, Denver, David, 73n9 283, 290n8 de Róiste, Daithí, 189 electoral system, 49, 145, 211, Deslauriers, Melanie, 182n2 224n10, 229, 234, 287, Desmond, Barry, 219 308–10 INDEX 317

Emanuele, Vincenzo, 283, 290n10 pledge fulfi lment , 27–42 Enghien, Duke of, 97n14 and Seanad election, 233–8 Estonia, 126 Fine Gael European Central Bank, 1, 23 bases of support, 131–2, 159–84 European Parliament, v, 6, 12, 16–17, candidate selection, 49, 50, 52–6, 47, 68, 76, 84, 88, 116, 117, 186–8, 191 126, 135, 154–5, 163, 308 in election campaign, 75–80, 90–1, , 1, 7, 42, 87, 168, 94–6, 99–102 208 election results, 125–33, 277–8 Evans, Geoffrey, 183n5 and election slogan, xxiii, xxxii, 1, expenses, electoral, 127–9, 139, 140, 78, 111–7 142, 151, 157, 310 government formation, xxv, 255–76 inter-election developments, 3–23, 89–90 F manifesto, xxiii family links in politics, vi, 70–2, 141, pledge fulfi lment , 27–45 153, 199 and Seanad election, 234–9, 243, 246 Fanning, Martha, 155n4 Finland , 126 Farmers Party, 137 fi scal space, xxi, 90 Farrell, David M., 32, 44n11, Fís Nua, 52 224n10, 289n2, 289n4, Fitzgerald, Frances, 52, 76, 91, 187, 290n13, 291n16 193, 199, 272 Farren, Ronan , 85 FitzGerald, Garret, 226n28, 262, Fay, Sandra, 65 275n11 Feeney, Kate, 58 Fitzmaurice, Michael, 19, 65, 87, 214, Felle, Tom, 290n14 216, 271 Fennelly, Nial, 13, 26n38 Fitzpatrick, Mary, 58, 189, 238 Fianna Fáil Five Star movement, 86, 223 bases of support, 159–84 Flanagan, Luke ‘Ming’, 16, 19 candidate selection, 49, 50, Flanagan, Terence, 16, 87, 142 52, 56–9, 80, 133, 186, Flannery, Frank, 52, 53, 72n4 188–91 Flannery, Pearce, 243 in election campaign, 80–2, 92–3, Fleming, Seán, xxiii 103–6 Fleming, Tom, 66, 73n8, 214, 225n18 election results, 125–30, 133–4, Flynn, Beverley, 224n7 277–8 focus groups, 77, 81 European Parliament group, 17 formateur, 262 and government formation, xxv, 80, Fouché, Joseph, 97 255–76 fragmentation of party system, vi, inter-election developments, 3–23 126–8, 155, 255, 260, 278–9 manifesto, xxii, 19, 30, 31, 38, 105, Franklin, Mark, 183n6 194 freedom of information, 284 318 INDEX

Freeman, Joan, 246 Grealish, Noel, 214, 216, 224n7 Front National, 86 Greece, 86, 282, 287 Funes, Ireneo, 13, 70 Green Party bases of support, 166, 175, 180 candidate selection, 52, 61–2, 186 G in election campaign, xxii, 88, 114, Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA), 194 113 election result, 115, 139–40, 196–7 Gallagher, Michael, 43n5, 72n3, in government, 4 155n2, 156n10, 156n15, and government formation, vi, 262, 251n13, 275n6, 282, 291n22, 264, 265 310 history, 113, 277 Gallagher, Seán, 9 inter-election developments, 17 Galligan, Yvonne, 202n4 in party system, 148 Galvin, Tony, 156n11 in Seanad election, 116–20, 228, 241 Gannon, Gary, 139, 216 Greenpeace, 116, 118 gardaí, 12–13, 91 Gregory, Tony, 120, 121, 211, Garry, John, 24n10, 182n5, 289n4 226n28 Gavan, Paul, 232 Guerin, Seán, 13–14 gender quotas, 50, 53–8, 60, 63, 64, 66, 70, 71, 100, 185–205, 283 gene pool independents, 6, 69, 162, H 260, 270 Halligan, John, 66, 214, 270 geographical factors, 50, 51, 54, 55, Hamilton, Allison, 203n18 57, 58, 61, 66, 100, 101, 104, Hanafi n, Mary, 58, 189, 200 126–7, 142, 146, 169, 187, 192, Hansen, Martin E., 226n27 197, 273, 310 Harkin, Marian, 16 Gerety-Quinn, Connie, 189, 190, Harmer, Emily, 203n17 238 Harmon, Laura, 244 Gillane, Deirdre, 93, 266 Harney, Mary, 200, 212 Gilligan, Robbie, 224n6 Harris, Clodagh, 291n16 Gilmore, Éamon, 2, 5–7, 11, 17–18, Harris, Simon, 2, 272 20, 24n15, 26n45, 60, 84, 85, Harty, Michael, 128, 153, 214–6 93, 113, 152 Haughey, Charles J., 133, 211 Girvin, Brian, 274n1 Haughey, Seán, 70 Gogarty, Paul, 214 Hayden, Aideen, 241 Gorecki, Maciej A., 72n2 Hayes, Brian, 52, 53, 76, 114, 115 government formation, xxii, xxiii, xxv, Hayes, Desmond, 63 xxvi, 2, 3, 6, 21, 126, 154, Hayes, Maurice, 252n29 176–8, 181, 207, 212, 213, 218, Hayes, Tom, 151 219, 227, 255–76, 307 health, as policy issue, xxii, 31, 81, 83, as election issue, vi, 172–3, 218, 105, 109–11, 153, 172, 174, 257 225, 244 INDEX 319 health insurance, 27, 28, 31, 34, 43n9 69, 79, 88, 102, 120–3, 127, Healy, Gráinne, 26n51 132, 138, 141–2, 155n1, Healy-Rae, Danny, 141, 216, 265 159–84, 191, 195, 207–26, Healy-Rae, Jackie, 220 224n9, 228, 234, 237–8, Healy-Rae, Michael, 141, 216, 265 241–2, 243–5, 282 Healy, Séamus, 216 Independents 4 Change, 52, 65, 141, Hearne, Rory, 244 155n1, 193, 214 Hernández, Enrique, 282, 290n7 independent TDs, vi, vii, xxv, xxvi, Hickey, Donal, 226n30 4, 19, 132, 148, 154, 197, Higgins, Alice-Mary, 243, 244 200, 207–26, 224n5, 256, Higgins, Joe, 104, 152 263–76, 277, 280, 282, 283, Higgins, John, 243 285 Higgins, Lorraine, 241 consequences for political system, Higgins, Michael D., 8, 9, 244 218–23 Higgins, Sabina, 244 index of coalition diffi culty , 261 Hillery, Patrick, 262 informateur, 262 Hobbs, Eddie, 62 International Monetary Fund (IMF), Hogan, John, 290n15 1, 29, 32, 34, 39, 42, 94, 282 Hogan, Phil, 6, 19, 52, 53, 72n4, Irish Conference of Professional and 132, 186 Service Associations, 232 Hogan–O’Higgins, Brigid, xlv Irish Congress of Trade Unions, Holmberg, Sören, 183n8 232 Hopkins, Maura, 239, 252n23 Irish Greyhound Owners and Breeders housing , xxii, 83, 105, 109–11, 172, Federation, 232 193, 194, 265 , 25n34, 25n35, Howlin, Brendan, xxvi, 7, 9, 90, 137, 26n53, 42n1, 91–2, 105, 144, 284 226n37, 252n22, 275n2 Humphreys, Heather, 20, 196, 200 , 36, 123n5 Humphreys, Kevin, 241 Irish Museum of Modern Art, 20 Hussey, Gemma, 244 Irish Nationwide, 23 Hutch, Eddie, 91 Irish Parliamentary Party, 209 Hutch, Gerry, 91 Irish Republican Army (IRA), xxi, xxii, 8, 258 Irish Water, 14, 18, 19, 26n48, 31, I 251n5, 263, 267, 268 Independent Alliance, 48, 52, 65–6, Irwin, Jonathan, 63 86–7, 141, 176, 197, 214, 221, , 224n3, 283 249, 265, 271–3, 276n13, issues and vote choice, 17, 50, 105, 292n24 110, 171–8, 181, 194–5, 217, independent candidates, vi, 3, 6, 8, 218 9, 16, 20, 52, 58, 59, 63, 66, Italy, 86, 223, 279, 283 320 INDEX

J Kitt, Tom, 113 Japan , 209, 224n3 Korea, North, 188 Jobstown, 65, 73n7 Kramer, Gerald H., 184n16 judiciary, 8 Kriesi, Hanspeter, 282, 290n7 Krouwel, André, 45n22

K Karvonen, Lauri, 226n35 L Kavanagh, Adrian, 15, 26n44, Laakso, Markku, 126, 155n1, 275n6, 204n22 290n8 Kavanagh, Dennis, 156n13 Keane, David, 189 bases of support, 159–84 Keaveney, Colm, 16, 142, 144 candidate selection, 49, 60–1, Kehoe, Paul, 273 186–7 Kelleher, Billy, 93 in election campaign, 79, 84–6, 89, Kelleher, Colette, 246 93–5, 112–16 Kelly, Alan, xxvi, 19, 137 election results, 125–30, 136–8, Kelly, Fiach, 276n14 277–8 Kelly, Michael, 96n2 and government formation, xxv, 85, Kennedy, Fiachra, 182n5, 289n4 256–9, 263, 265 Kennelly, Mark, 77, 89 inter-election developments, 3–23, Kenny, Enda 84–6 in campaign, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, 2, 79, manifesto, xxiii, 194, 195 89, 90, 94, 114, 115, 178, pledge fulfi lment , 27–45 179, 193 and Seanad election, 233–6, 241, dissolution of Dáil, 1, 6, 21–2, 89 243 as FG leader, 5, 6, 11–14, 53, 70, Labour Party (UK), 66, 78, 79, 94, 130, 199, 268, 274 148, 167 and government formation, Landy, Denis, 241 xxiii–xxiv, 256, 258, 262–8, Latvia, 126 270–4 Laver, Michael, 24n9, 182n5 longevity as TD, 152 Lavery, Lesley, 203n15 resigns as Taoiseach, xxiv–xxv Lawless, Billy, 246 and Seanad, xxvi, 227, 246, 284, Lawlor, Anthony, 239 286 Leahy, John, 140 Kenny, Meryl, 203n203 Leahy, Pat, 24n16, 226n31, 276n22 Kenny, Seán, 60, 73n6 least squares index, 128 Kiewiet, D. Roderick, 183n12 Lee, George, 112 Kinder, Donald R., 183n12 Left Party (Sweden) 167 Kissane, Bill, 287, 291n22 left–right self-placement, 175 Kitt, Michael, 152 Lenihan, Brian, 7, 103, 105, 121, 134 INDEX 321

Lewis-Beck, Michael S., 183n10, Mann, Manfred, 152 183n12 Mansergh, Lucy, 44n13 Liberal Democrats (UK), 78, 79, 85 Marana, Ermes, 81 Lijphart, Arend, 286–9, 291n21, Mariani, Mack, 204n28 291n22 Markievicz Commission, 57, 186, lobbying, regulation of, 284 189, 202n4 local government Marsh, Kathryn, 156n7 elections, v, 6, 12, 14–17, 47, 50, Marsh, Michael, 24n19, 43n5, 72n2, 53, 57, 58, 60, 65, 76, 80, 81, 156n8, 182n5, 183n12, 184n15, 84, 85, 88, 99, 100, 103, 107, 184n18, 184n21–23, 184n25, 120, 163, 189, 213, 216, 238, 289n2, 289n4 240, 246 Martin, Barry, 65 as route to parliament, 68–9, 138, Martin, Catherine, 115, 118, 139, 197 140, 152–4, 186, 199, 201, Martin, Micheál 213, 214, 232, 233, 239, 240 in campaign, xxiii, xxv, 28, 43, 92, and Seanad, 234–6, 237–9, 249 93, 108, 178, 179, 184, 193 localism, 50, 174, 211–12, 217 as FF leader, 11, 57, 81, 103, 105, Lowry, Michael, 10, 216, 224n7, 260 106, 133, 285 Lynch, Ciarán, 22, 108 and government formation, xxii, Lynch, Kathleen, 204n19 xxv, 258, 262–7, 274 and Seanad, xxvi, 245, 246 Martin, Shane, 26n43, 250n2, M 275n10, 291n18 MacCarthaigh, Muiris, 26n43, 250n2, Mathews, Peter, 16, 114, 142, 251n5, 287, 291n18, 292n23 215 MacDonagh, Peter, 93 McAleese, Mary, 8 Mackie, Thomas, 183n6 McAllister, Ian, 224n10 Mackin, Martin, 93 McAuliffe, Paul, 238 MacLochlainn, Pádraig, 151, 152, McCabe, Maurice, 13 202n6, 239, 240 McCarthy, Kieran, 59 Madigan, Josepha, 114, 115, 196 McConnell, Daniel, 252n19 Magner, Pat, 252n29 McConville, Jean, 82 , 11–12 McDonald, Mary Lou, 27, 42n1, 193, Mair, Peter, 24n6, 42, 45n23, 141, 196, 204n19 156n9, 182n5, 277–8, 279, McDowell, Andrew, 77, 89, 266 289n1 McDowell, Brian, 85 Maloney, Éamonn, 112, 142, 215 McDowell, Derek, 85 Malta , 308 McDowell, Michael, 244 manifestoes, xxii, xxii, 19, 27–45, 105, McElroy, Gail, 289n2 140, 193–5, 227, 269 McEntee, Helen, 199 Manning, Maurice, 120, 247, 249, McFadden, Gabrielle, 100, 225n20 251n5, 285, 286, 292n23 McFadden, Nicky, 225n20 322 INDEX

McGee, Harry, 26n48, 43n4, 44n12 Mortell, Mark, 77, 78, 89 McGing, Claire, 202n9, 204n23, mortgages, 86, 169, 268, 274 204n28, 204n29 Moynihan, Michael, 57 McGrath, Finian, 66, 86, 214, 216, Mulherin, Michelle, 196 273 Mullen, Rónán, 243–5 McGrath, Mattie, 214, 216, 224n7 Müller, Wolfgang C. 226n34 McGrath, Michael, xxiii–xxiv, 108, Mulligan, Lorraine, 17 258 Mulligan, Paddy, 122 McGuinness, David, 58 Munster, Imelda, 197 McGuinness, Mairéad, 101 Murnane–O’Connor, Jennifer, 238 McGuinness, Martin, 8, 84, 135 Murphy, Catherine, 18, 193, 215 McLellan, Sandra, 59, 60, 190 Murphy, Dara, 55 McLoughlin, Tony, 55 Murphy, Eddie, 244 McMorrow, Denise, 189 Murphy, Gary, 24n8, 25n30, 26n40, McNulty, John, 20, 232, 237 26n46, 290n15 McParland, Pat, 93 Murphy, Mary C., 252n30 McShane, Ian, 155n4 Murphy-O’Mahony, Margaret, 196, McShea, Darragh, 93 197 media, coverage of election by, xxii, 2, Murphy, Paul, 18, 19, 73n7, 84, 88, 28, 31, 54, 55, 58, 60, 62, 63, 138 81, 83, 84, 87, 88, 91–2, 93, 95, Murphy, Thomas ‘Slab’, xxi 101, 102, 104, 106, 108, 114, 115, 118, 121, 122, 178, 186, 192–4, 246, 267 N Messina, Jim, 79 Nash, Ged, 241 Meyer, Thomas M., 275n5 National Asset Management Agency Mikhaylov, Slava, 184n18 (NAMA), 30 Miloti, Lucie, 166 National Centre Party, 137 Minihan, Mary, 276n16 National University of Ireland (NUI), minimum wage, 33, 91 229, 241–5 ministers National Women’s Council of Ireland, appointment of, 6–7, 17–18, 272–3 194, 204n21 backgrounds of, 199–200, 207, Naughten, Denis, 142, 214, 216, 212, 272 224n7, 225n21, 272 electoral record, 128–9 Naughton, Hildegarde, 151 factor in vote choice, 257 , 169, 260, 261, 279, impact on policy, 36 283 Mitchell, Gay, 8 new politics, vii, 176, 246–7, 249–50, Mitchell O’Connor, Mary, 200 274, 283–9 Mohan, Brian, 57, 58, 189 New Zealand, 116, 224n3, 228 Moldova, 126 Ní Riada, Sorcha, 122 Moran, Kevin ‘Boxer’, xxvi, 214 Nolan, Carol, 135, 151 , 10–11 Nolan, Derek, 85 INDEX 323

Noonan, Michael, xxi–xxii, 7, 9, 23, O’Reilly, Louise, 60, 128, 153 89, 90, 153, 265, 272 Ó Ríordáin, Aodhán, 241, 252n21 Norris, David, 9, 244 O’Rourke, Mary, 203n14, Northern Ireland, 8, 82, 136, 246, 252n29 252n25, 252n29, 290n16, 308 O’Rourke, Seán, xxiii, 276n21 Nulty, Patrick, 7–8 Oscarsson, Henrik, 183n8 Nyblade, Benjamin, 226n34 O’Sullivan, Grace, 116–20, 238, 241, 251n14 O’Sullivan, Jan, 137, 196 O O’Sullivan, Maureen, 120–3, 127, Obama, Barack, 79 197, 216, 265 O’Brien, Denis, 10, 11 O’Toole, Joe, 252n29 O’Brien, Flann, vi O’Brien, Jonathan, 59 O’Brien, Ronan, 85 P O’Brien, Stephen, 96n6 party identifi cation, 146, 179–81, 212, Ó Broin, Eoin, 135, 305 279, 289n4 O’Callaghan, Jim, 266 party leaders Ó Céidigh, Pádraig, 244, 246 televised debates, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, 27, Ó Clochartaigh, Trevor, 149, 240 83, 89, 92, 94, 102, 114, 178, O’Connell, John, 224n7 184, 193, 194 O’Connell, Patrick, 122 and voter decisions, 85, 92, 93, O’Connor, Jack, 93 178–9 O’Connor, Niall, 252n22 party system, 4, 24n7, 75, 125–7, Ó Cuív, Éamon, 70, 258 133, 134, 146–8, 155n1, O’Donnell, Marie-Louise, 246 160, 164, 166, 210, 212, Ó Donnghaile, Niall, 240, 252n25 259, 278–83, 286, Ó Fearghaíl, Seán, xxiv, xlviii, 264, 288, 285 party whip, 7, 16, 87, 140, 221, O’Gorman, Roderic, 117, 119 225n21, 245, 287, 292n24 O’Halloran, Marie, 252n21, 252n28 Penrose, Willie, xxiv , inquiries by, 8, 21–3, 245, pensions, 91, 114 284 People Before Profi t , 6, 49, 64, 65, Ó Laoghaire, Donnchadh, 60, 138, 186, 194 107–11, 135, 154 Perry, John, 55, 56 O’Leary, Chris, 60 personalism, 50, 211, 212, 217 O’Loughlin, Fiona, 197 pledge fulfi lment , 27–45 O’Malley-Dunlop, Ellen, 244 Podemos , 86, 223 O’Malley, Eoin, 23n5, 24n20, 25n21, Poland , 128 45n21, 226n37, 275n4, 275n9, political culture, 211–12, 271 276n15, 276n17 political parties, fi nance of, 49–51, 61, Ó Muirí, Naoise, 55, 142, 144, 187 62, 117, 138, 139, 186 324 INDEX

political reform, vii, 28, 38, 87, 117, Redlawsk, David, 203n18 119–20, 186, 194, 223, 228, Redmond, George, 12 242, 244, 248–9, 250, 253, 263, Redmond, Paul, 155n3 278, 283–9, 290n13, 290n16 referendums, vii, xxii, xxiii, 8, 16, 20, polls, use by parties, 50, 52–5, 57, 59, 21, 26n51, 117, 140, 182n4, 61, 77, 81, 82, 85–6, 104, 106, 228, 242, 244, 248, 250n2, 268, 121, 142, 144 284, 285 , 83, 218, 223, 282, 285 Regan, John, 155n3 Portugal, 128, 282 Regan, Stephanie, 54–5, 144, 187 Power, Averil, 64, 186, 202n3, 244, Reidy, Theresa, 24n19 245, 251n14 Reif, Karlheinz, 154, 157n20 Power, Timothy, 275n8 Reilly, James, 6, 16, 76, 128, 246 presidential election (2011), 8–9, 135 Reilly, Kathryn, 240 President, xxi, xxiv, 1, 244, 256, 262, Renua Ireland, xxiii, xxvi, 3, 18, 48, 264, 271 53, 62–4, 68, 69, 87, 139, 140, Pringle, Thomas, 217 142, 166, 191, 193, 194, 197, programmes for government, 16, 28, 214 32, 37, 38, 249, 250, 265–7, Reynolds, Albert, 133 269, 270, 273, 276, 283, 292 Reynolds, Gerry, 55 (PDs), 4, 18, Right 2 Change, 138, 214 24, 75, 87, 137, 139, 226n29, Ross, Shane, 66, 86, 114, 141, 214, 244, 262, 280 217, 272 property tax, xxii, 12, 14, 17, 40 rotating Taoiseach, 266 Royal Irish Academy (RIA), xxii Royed, Terry J., 43n7 Q RTÉ , xxiii, xxiv, 9, 12, 43, 95, 112, Quinlan, Stephen, 156n12 132, 139, 160, 163, 164, 179, Quinlivan, Aodh, 26n42, 235 182n1, 193, 225n15, 225n25, Quinn, Feargal, 66, 214, 243 253, 263, 276n21 Quinn, Ruairí, 5, 6, 9, 27, 30, 60, Ruane, Lynn , 243–5 73n6, 151 Ryan, Brendan, 245 Ryan, Eamon, 17, 62, 88, 116–18, 139 R Rabbitte, Anne, 144, 196 Rabbitte, Pat, 5, 27, 60, 73n6, 112, S 115, 152 same-sex marriage, 20, 21, 26n51, 29, Rafter, Kevin, 24n11, 25n21 182n4 rainbow coalition, 4 Sanchez, Omar, 290n6 Rainbow Warrior, 116 Sanders, Bernie, 223 redistricting, 48, 53, 58–9, 105, 108, Scallon, Dana Rosemary, 9 112, 113, 120–1, 131, 152 Scandinavia, 167, 183n7 INDEX 325

Schmitt, Hermann, 154, 157n20, Sinnott, Richard, 24n9, 182n5, 184n19 224n13, 275n1, 289n4, 310 Schwirz, Laura, 184n23 Siptu , 93, 232 Scottish Nationalist Party, 79 Smith, Bríd, 197 Seanad Éireann Smith, Michael, 238 abolition referendum, vii, 16, 117, Smith, Paddy, 152 228, 241, 284 Smyth, Carrie, 61 composition, 229 Smyth, Mary, 63 election of, xxv, xxvi, 20, 116–20, Smyth, Niamh, 151, 199 123, 227–53 Social Democrats election results, 236–45 in campaign, xxiii, 193–5 ministers from, 271 candidate selection, 48, 63–4, 69, nomination of candidates, 231–4 191 reform, vii, 119–20, 228, 242, election performance, 137–40, 142, 247–50, 278, 285 197, 198, 216 role, 229, 249, 278, 286, 288 and government formation, xxiii, Taoiseach’s nominees, xxvi, 245–7 262, 265 Seanad Reform Working Group, 120, origins, 3, 18, 137, 159, 214, 215 228, 232, 242, 246, 248–9, 253, Seanad election, 118, 241 285, 286 voter preferences, 148 second-order elections, 154–5 Social Democrats (Sweden), 167 Serbia, 126 Socialist Party, 17, 64, 87, 104, 138, Shatter, Alan, 6, 12–14, 114, 115, 152 197 social media, 8, 47, 101, 102, 106, Shaw, George Bernard, 23n4 115, 122, 123, 189, 235 Shaw, Sylvia, 203n17 Spain, 86, 128, 223, 282 Sheehan, Brian, 26n51 , xxi, xxii, 193 Sherlock, Seán, 137 Spiers, Madeline, 232, 251n7 Shortall, Róisín, 6, 16, 18, 142, 193 Spring, Dick, 5 Sinn Féin stag hunting, 34 bases of support, 159–84 Staines, Anthony, 243 candidate selection, 49, 59–60, 187, Staunton, Ciarán, 240 190 Stegmaier, Mary, 183n10 in election campaign, 82–4, 91–2 Stevenson, Randy, 183n10 election results, 125–30, 135–6 Strøm, Kaare, 226n34 and government formation, 83–4, Suiter, Jane, 24n19, 32, 44n11, 258, 259, 267 291n16 inter-election developments, 3, 5–6, super junior ministers, 272–3, 308 16–17, 19 Swanwick, Keith, 238 manifesto, xxii, 194, 195 Sweden, 167, 228 pledge fulfi lment , 27–45 Switzerland, 126, 224n3 and Seanad election, 234–6, 238–42 Syriza, 86 326 INDEX

T Universal Social Charge (USC), Taagepera, Rein, 126, 155n1, 224n4, xxi–xxii, xxiii, 86, 91 275n6, 290n8 university fees, 27, 30, 39, 43 strategy, 274n1, 287 university representation in Seanad, Talleyrand, 94 241–5 taxation , xxii, xxiii, 9, 64, 68, 77, 81, Upton, Mary, 225n20 83, 86, 87, 90, 91, 105, 110, Upton, Pat , 225n20 111, 132, 136, 168, 169, 174–5, 181 . See also property tax Thomson, Robert, 43n6, 43n7, V 44n13, 45n20 Valen, Henry, 183n6 Tilley, James, 184n15 Valois, Isabel, 182n2 Timmins, Billy, 16, 87, 142 Varadkar, Leo, xxiv, 6, 43n9, 76, 104, Tormey, Aoibhinn, 187 106, 245, 266, 268–9, 272 trade unions, 67, 68, 137, 153, vocationalism, 229–30, 232, 238, 245, 232 248 transfers of votes, xxiv, 65, 85, 88, volatility, 16, 126, 138, 159, 160, 111, 114, 115, 119, 120, 122, 162–3, 165, 181, 210, 279–82, 123, 125, 139, 142, 145–9, 197, 289n5 211, 216, 239, 241, 244, 310 vote management, 131, 142–5, Treacy, Seán, 224 238–40 Trichet, Jean-Claude, 23 Trinity College, University of Dublin, xxv, 103, 104, 225, 229, 241–5, W 267 Waldahl, Ragner, 182n2 troika , 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, 12, 18, 94, 139 Wallace, Mick, 12, 65, 88, 214, 215 Troy, Robert, 189 Walsh, Brian, 16, 72n5, 156n17 Trump, Donald, 223 Walshe, John, 25n22 turf-cutting, 271 Warfi eld, Fintan, 239, 240 turnout, 14, 16, 20, 56, 71, 76, 111, Warnock, Jerry, 64 130, 164, 182n4, 228, 243 water, xxii, 3, 12, 14, 17–19, 26n48, Twitter, 1, 2, 9, 101, 106, 189, 237 27, 31, 34, 39, 64, 69, 71, 84, 88, 110, 138, 140, 163, 172, 214, 251n5, 263, 267–9 U Webb, Paul, 203n10 unemployment, 15, 67, 78, 103, 168, Weeks, Liam, 24n7, 223–6, 251n13 172, 181 Weldon, Steven, 184n24 , 66, 68, 95, 148, Westminster model, 278, 283, 286 167, 183n5, 222, 228, 287 Whelan, Máire, 200, 272 United Left Alliance, 6, 64, 138 Whelan, Noel, 26n51, 156n7, of America, 222, 223, 157n18, 291n19 229, 246, 288 whingers, xxiii, 94, 97 INDEX 327 whistle-blowers, 12, 13, 284 in government, 199–200, 272 White, Alex, 17, 22, 29, 85, 112–16, party policies, 194–5 128 and Seanad, 246 White, Mary, 114, 197 Workers Party, 141 White, Timothy J., 204n28 Worre, Torben, 183n7 Whitmore, Jennifer, 118, 119, 241 Wilson, John, 13 women Z in Dáil , 153, 196–200, 283 Zappone, Katherine, 64, 197, 200, as Dáil election candidates, 50, 216, 265, 267, 270, 272 53–65, 70, 129, 185–92