Vortex Optics, K´Erenda Homet Shelter – Tambopata Madre De Dios –PERU - JANUARY 16 Th 2021

> A Field Report < Of Birding Excursions and the importance of Empowering Women in the Birding Activities for Enviromental Education in Peru and Bolivia.

WOMEN BIRDERS PROGRAM Sponsored by Jacamar Club and Vortex Optics, K´erenda Homet Shelter – Tambopata Madre de Dios –PERU - JANUARY 16 th 2021

Maria Gutierrez1, Ana Amable2, Richard Amable3

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected] www.jacamarclub.com [email protected] [email protected]

The “Women Birders”, a program created to empower women in the good ecological practices of birding & birdwatching in Peru and Bolivia. Though this program the women in the community will be able to increase their leadership and knowledge in conservation and ecotourism. Also, this will make a difference in their communities as they can represent their communities and will lead the changes in local conservation behavior. Finally, it will benefit directly to the conservation of local birds. The Jacamar Club programs perform a series of activities as a preliminary steps to environmental education, ecotourism ideas and conservation of bird habitats in Peru and Bolivia.

Women birders from Madre de Dios – Refugio K´erenda Homet – Photo by Candy Echevarria

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BIRDING LOCALITY OF INTEREST

MADRE DE DIOS – TAMBOPATA- PUERTO MALDONADO The Department of Madre de Dios was founded at the end of the 19th century. At the beginning of this century it has been populated with migrants from the Sierra region. It has an area of 8,5182.63 km2 which represents 6.6% of the National Territory, occupying the third place in extension after the Departments of Loreto and Ucayali. It is subdivided into three provinces: Tambopata, Manu and Tahuamanu. The vegetation that predominates and covers the largest area in Madre de Dios corresponds to the classification of tropical rainforest, which covers almost all of the provinces of Tambopata and Manu. It has a great variety of scenic scenarios, which has allowed it to be declared "Biodiversity Capital of Peru".Among the main tourist attractions are: the Tambopata National Reserve, at the confluence of the rivers La Torre and Tambopata, with an extension of 5500 hectares of virgin forest, where the richness and variety of birds reaches 600 species, 900 species of butterflies and 115 species of dragonflies,

FUNDO K´ERENDA HOMET

K'erenda Homet is located in the buffer zone of the Tambopata National Reserve and is one of the icons of the region. This is an initiative of Victor Zambrano, a world-renowned environmental activist, who wants to share with everyone these forests, in which he has reforested more than 20,000 trees in two decades. Its location From Puerto Maldonado, take the Tambopata highway that leads to the Isuyama Tourist Corridor (km 2.5 or 8 minutes from downtown). It has an area of 35.40 ha, the largest percentage of the area (38.26%) corresponds to "purmas", 24.20% corresponds to an intervened primary forest, 22.88% corresponds to areas where agroforestry systems have been established and is represented by the category "agroforestry areas", 11.57% of the area corresponds to a lowland forest and is represented by the category "protection". Finally, 3.07% corresponds to agricultural areas.

CORREDOR TURISTICO CARRETA ISUYANA

This corridor is an example of perseverance and optimism. A group of Peruvians have dug in to work hard to protect part of the jungle that cuts through the Tambopata River. It is just over 15 Puerto Maldonado City – Photo Maria Gutierrez kilometers long and is home to dozens of people who are conserving the forests by standing strong against illegal mining in the area.

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1Figure 1 Map abd the Birding Locality of Interes, at K´erenda Homet Shelter – Perú ref. Google map

2figure 2 tracking birdeng map at Fundo K´erenda Homet – Perú Ref. Google map. Carretera Isuyana – Photo by Candy Echevarria - 3 -

* = Species heard only Red – IUCN Red List category IOC = International Ornithological Congress SACC = South American Classification Committee

THE LIST TINAMIDAE 1. Gray Tinamou– Tinamus tao – Perdiz Gris Uncommon but widespread, mainly in humid montane forest along east slope of Andes up to 1400 m; locally in terra firme of Amazonia in southeast, especially in hilly terrain. Distinctive combination of large size, blackish head with white freckling behind eyes and on throat, and grayish overall plumage.

2. Undulated Tinamou- Crypturellus undulates – Perdiz Ondulada Common in floodplain forest (including edges of varzea); also regularly in second growth and forest edge with dense understory near low-lying forest, and seasonally (mainly Aug–Mar) on river islands in north. Geographically variable: relatively plain in northern and central Peru (yapura) but regularly barred in southeast (undulatus)

CRACIDAE 3. Speckled Chachalaca– Ortalis Guttata – Chachalaca Jaspeada Widespread and fairly common in eastern Peru, to 1700 m. Originally a bird of river-edge forest that has successfully colonized second growth and forest edge; often persists close to towns and villages if not hunted heavily. Much smaller than Penelope guans, with drabber plumage, and a reduced dewlap.

COLUMBIFORMES COLUMBIDAE 4. Gray-fronted Dove – Leptotila rufaxilla – Paloma de Frente Gris Fairly common and widespread in eastern lowlands up to 1200m, locally to 1700 m. primarily at edge of humid forest, in river edge forest, and on river islands; also enters forest interior, especially along streams. Overlaps with similar white- tipped dove, but is more widespread in Amazonia. Also is more richly colored with buffy (not light grayish brown) sides to face and greater contrast between gray crown and white forehead. At close ranger, orbital skin is reddish (blue in Amazonian white tipped).

5. Smooth-billed Ani - Crotaphaga ani – Garrapatero de Picco Liso common in eastern Peru, up to 2100 m. Found low or on ground, at forest edge, in pastures and fields, and other open habitats. Much smaller than Greater Ani. Very limited overlap with Groove-billed Ani in middle Marañón Valley. Most easily distinguished from Groove-billed by voice, but also is slightly larger, is more common in humid habitats (Groove- billed prefers drier habitats in area of overlap), and bill is smooth with a different shape: deeper, with distinct “hump” along culmen.

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Smooth-billed Ani – Photo by Candy Echevarria

TROCHILIDAE 6. White-necked Jacobin – florisuga mellivora – Colibri de Nuca Blanca Uncommon but widespread in Amazonia, up to 1200 m. Found in humid forest; forages primarily in canopy, but may be lower at forest edges. Spectacular male is unmistakable. Some females also attain this plumage. Immature males and some immature females) similar to adult male, but breast is duller, with conspicuous buff border to throat or to throat and breast. “Standard” female plumage has largely dark tail; heavily scaled below, especially on throat.

7. Reddish Hermit – Phaethornis ruber- Ermitaño Rojizo The smallest, and most widespread, small hermit in east. Fairly common in understory of humid forest. Richly colored below. Sexes similar, but males usually show narrow black breast band and may be slightly more rufous (less buff) below. Central rectrices never are white or projecting as in other small hermits: rounded with very narrow pale tips (male) or slightly longer, more pointed, and with broader pale (whitish or buff) tips (females). Widespread nigricinctus is particularly small; nominate ruber (not illustrated; southeast) is slightly larger (cf. White-browed). Also see Gray- chinned (northern Peru).

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© 2021 Jacamar Club - Perú OPISTHOCOMIFORMES OPISTHOCOMIDAE 8. Hoatzin – Opisthocomus hoazin– Hoatzin Common and widespread in eastern lowlands. Always found over water, usually encountered perched low over still or slow-moving water such as oxbow lakes or sluggish rivers (but may venture deeper into forest when foraging at night). Social; almost always in groups. Note large size, long ragged crest, very broad wings, blue skin on face, buff-streaked upperparts, and rufous-chestnut primaries and belly. Sluggish, ungainly, and clumsy. When perched, often holds wings partially outstretched (especially after landing), as if for balance. Flies with apparent difficulty and only for short distances, deep wingbeats interspersed with short glides. Can be very tame, allowing a close approach, but then.

GRUIFORMES RALLIDAE 9. Gray-breasted Crake – Laterallus exislis – Gallineta de Pecho Gris espread in eastern lowlands, but uncommon and local (or often overlooked). Found in grassy margins of oxbow lakes, marshes, and wet grasslands. Very small. Gray-breasted with contrasting rusty nape. Does not overlap with Black Rail (which also is barred above).

CHARADRIIFORMES JACANIDAE 10. Wattled Jacana – Jacana jacana – Gallito de Agua de Frente Roja mon resident in marshes in Amazonian lowlands (peruviana); also rare in far northwest (scapularis). Nearly unmistakable. Note yellow-green remiges and very long yellow legs and toes. Plumage of scapularis is paler overall, with black scapulars.

PELECANIFORMES AEDEIDAE 11. Striated Heron – Butorides striata – Gacita Estriada Uncommon to fairly common in lowlands of coast and Amazonia (where occurs locally to 800 m); found in marshes and along margins of lakes and rivers. Typically waits motionless at water’s edge. Note small size, dark color, and brightly colored tarsi. Adult has plain neck, which is pale gray but often washed with reddish brown, and sometimes appearing largely that color. Juvenile is more streaked, especially on neck and wing coverts.

THRESKIORNITHIDAE 12. Green Ibis – Messembrinibis cayennensis – Ibis Verde Widespread but uncommon in Amazonia, in forested wetlands: lake margins, rivers, and swamps. Forages singly or in pairs (not in flocks) and primarily is active at night. Frequently perches in trees. Only Amazonian ibis. Also is shorter- legged than other dark ibis.

ACCIPITRIFORMES ACCIPITRIDAE 13. Roadside Hawk – Rupornis magnirostris – Aguilucho Caminero Common in forest- and river-edge; rapidly colonizes open habitats (such as along roads). Wide - spread in east (up to 1600 m, locally to 2600 m), uncommon in northwest. Learn Roadside well, as basis of comparison for rarer species. Frequently perches low. Generally does not soar, but flies from one perch to another, flight interspersed with short glides; often shakes tail from side to side after alighting. Note pale iris, yellow cere, and rufous primaries of adult; upperparts may be gray or brown. Some individuals in southeast (saturatus-like; not illustrated) have brown upperparts and hood, more orange belly barring, and rufous tail bars. Juvenile browner and drabber; note contrast between streaked breast and coarsely barred belly. Cf. Gray and Broad-winged hawks.

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Striated Heron – Photo by Candy Echevarria

TROGONIFORMES TROGONIDAE 14. Blue-crowned Trogon– Trogon curucui – Trogón de Corona Azul Uncommon to fairly common in humid forest (most common in varzea), up to 1500 m; often near edges and second growth. Male has yellow or orange orbital ring and bluish foreparts. Female only red-bellied trogon with slate head and upperparts and gray bill.

CORACIIFORMES MOMOTIDAE 15. Amazonian motmot – Momotus momota – Motmot amazonico – Relojero Amazonico The Amazon Motmot has green upper parts that are associated with blue on the lower back and wings. The lower parts are reddish. The crown is bright blue with a black center. It has a black mask with blue bangs. It has a very long tail with a bare shaft racquet tip. The Amazon Motmot is generally uncommon in floodplain forests.It stands still and can be difficult to see, despite its size.

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GALBULIFORMES BUCOONIDAE 16. Black-Fronted Nunbird – monasa nigrifrons – Monja de Frente Negra Common and widespread in varzea and transitional forests throughout Amazonia below 750 m; usuallyat forest edge or openings, and often forages lower than other nunbirds. Often tame. Bright coral-red bill of adult contrasts strongly with blackish head and slate-gray body. Juveniles browner overall; bill may be pale orange or even yellow. Usually accompanied by parents when in this plumage.

17. Bluish-Fronted Jacamar - Galbula cyanescens – Jacamar de Frente Azulada Common and widespread in Peru south of Marañón and the Amazon, where it replaces White- chinned Jacamar. Found in vine tangles, treefall gaps, and edges of varzea, transitional forest, and river islands, also around Guadua bamboo and landslides in foothills, locally up to 1400 m. Very similar to White-chinned, but crown iridescent blue-green; no known geographic overlap. Belly of female a more washed-out buffy rufous. Some individuals in southeast may show white chin.

PICIFORMES RAMPHASTIDAE 18. Whiwe-Throated Toucan – Ramphastos tucanus – Tucán de Garganta Blanca Common in forest in lowland Amazonia, locally into foothills (mostly below 800 m, locally up to 1100 m). Cf. nearly identical, but smaller, shorter-billed.

PICIDAE 19. Red-stained Woodpecker – Dryobates affnis – Carpintero Teñido de Rojo Uncommon but widespread in eastern Peru, up to 1400 m. More typical of forest interior than is Little Woodpecker. Forages in canopy and subcanopy. Superficially similar to Little, but is larger, and sides of face are plain (lacking weak facial stripes of Little). Also, nape always is yellow, and wing coverts of both sexes are variably spotted with red.

20. Red-Necked Woodpecker– Campephilus rubricollis – Carpientero de Cuello Rojo Fairly common and widespread in Amazonia, up to 950 m, locally up to 1600 m. Singles or loosely associated pairs forage on large trees in forest interior, primarily in terra firme. Note extensive rufous at base of remiges, particularly visible in flight ommon and widespread in Amazonia, up to 700 m, locally to 900 m. Forages from understory to canopy, but most often relatively high. Regularly (and noisily) investigates dead leaf clusters and palm fronds; occasionally forages over army ant swarms. Large, rufescent, with buffy throat and strong, relatively long bill.

FALCONIFORMES FALCONIDAE 21. Laughing Falcon– Herpetotheres cachinnans – Halcon Reidor Heard far more frequently than is seen. Uncommon but widespread in Amazonia, up to 1000 m; rare and local in northwest up to 800 m. Sluggish hawk of forest borders. Perches, often in relatively high open sites, for extende periods watching for prey (primarily reptiles). Does not soar. Flies low with shallow, choppy wingbeats and shor glides on slightly bowed wings; swings up to perch. Characteristically looks large-headed. Adult Yellow-headed Caracara has very different behavior

PSITTACIFORMES PSITTACIDAE 22. Yellow-Crownwed Parrot – Amazona ochrocephala – Loro de Corona Amarilla Uncommon to fairly common and widespread in humid forest of eastern lowlands below 800 m. Frequently occurs with, but typically outnumbered by, the larger Mealy Parrot. Extent of yellow on crown variable, but always conspicuous in the field. Smaller than Mealy, with greener plumage, narrower orbital ring of bare skin and different voice. Cf. also Orange-winged Parrot.

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© 2021 Jacamar Club - Perú 23. Dusky-Headed Parakeet – Aratinga Weddellii – Cotorra de Cabeza Oscura Common and widespread in eastern lowlands, below 700 m, in river-edge forest, varzea, forest edge, and second growth; rarely more than a few hundred meters from a river. Usually in small, noisy flocks of 6–10 individuals (uncommonly larger groups of 20–30); typically twists from side to side in flight. Also attracted to seeding bamboo thickets, where large numbers may gather. Much smaller than White-eyed Parakeet, usually in smaller flocks and flying lower over the forest 24. Chestnut-Fronted Macaw Ara severus – Guacamayo de Frente Castaña Widespread and fairly common in east, up to 1000 m, primarily in forest bordering rivers, oxbow lakes, and clearings. Usually in pairs, occasionally in small flocks (up to 10 individuals); larger numbers (20–40) may congregate in feeding areas and roosts. Often found in isolated trees in small clearings, usually not far from rivers. Note reddish underwings. Larger than Aratinga parakeets.

PASSERIFORMES THAMNOPHILIDAE 25. Plain-winged Antshrike – Thamnophilus schistaceus – Batará de Ala Llana Most common and widely distributed Thamnophilus of Amazonian humid forest, up to 1300 m. Often associates with mixed-species flocks in under- and midstory. Iris reddish. Male gray, with unspotted wings; crown black north of the Amazon, well east of Andes (capitalis), dusky or gray elsewhere. Rufous crown of female contrasts with grayish face and dull brown body.

26. Iherings Antwren – Myrmotherula iheringi – Hormiguerito de Ihering O Local and uncommon in southern Amazonia, below 650 m. Singles or pairs forage mostly at dead leaves and twigs in forest understory; usually with mixed-species flocks. Often restricted to bamboo, where bamboo is present. Wags tail from side to side. Male similar to male Long-winged, but darker gray, with more extensive black throat patch (extending onto malars), and underwing coverts white (not gray or gray and white). Note bold black-and-white wing markings of female.

27. Gray Antwren – Myrmotherula menetriesii – Hormiguerito Gris Fairly common and widespread in mid-story and lower canopy of humid forest of Amazonia, up to 1100 m. Singles or pairs forage with mixed-species flocks; usually higher in canopy than other antwrens but overlaps with Long-winged. Twitches short tail much like Ihering’s. Male paler gray than Long-winged; throat entirely gray (north of Amazon; pallida) or with less extensive black throat patch, limited to center of throat and breast (south of Amazon; menetriesii). Female very similar to garbei female Long-winged, but purer gray above, and deeper buff below.

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Bluish-Fronted Jacamar – Photo by Candy Echevarria

Black-Fronted Nunbird – Photo by Candy Echevarria

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© 2021 Jacamar Club - Perú 28. Yellow-Breasted Warbling- Antbird - Hypocnemis hypoxantha – Hormiguero de Pecho Amarrillo Uncommon to fairly common, and widespread, throughout Amazonia below 1100 m, locally up to 1600 m. Yellow- breasted occurs at base of Andes from Huánuco south, also locally in lowlands of southeast. More widespread Peruvian occupies remaining area, but the two locally overlap in southeast. In forest understory, primarily at treefall gaps, forest borders, in advanced second growth, and along streams; in southern Peru, Yellow-breasted also commonly in bamboo. Typically in pairs; may join mixed-species flocks, but not regularly.

29. Gray Antbird – ceromacra cinerascens - Hormiguero Gris Common and widespread, in midstory and canopy of humid forest, forest borders, and tall second growth below 1150 m. Forages higher than other Cercomacra. Usually in vine tangles and other dense thickets where difficult to see (although easily located by calls). Note long, white-tipped tail and small white spots on wing coverts in both sexes. Male mostly gray; female dull buffy-brown below.

30. White-Browed Antbird – Myrmoborus leucophrys – Hormiguero de Ceja Blanca Common in Amazonia, up to 1400 m, although absent from much of northern and central Peru. Found in understory of transitional forest, successional river-edge forests, and advanced second growth. Males are gray with bold white forecrown and superciliary; there is a tendency in birds from the Río Huallaga Valley for white to cover entire crown (koenigorum). Note the striking head pattern of white-breasted females.

31. Band-tailed Antbird – Hypocnemoides maculicauda – Hormiguero de Cola Bandeada Widespread and fairly common in central and southern Amazonia. Very similar to Black-chinned Antbird, but the two species mostly or entirely replace one another geographically. Both forage in understorey, usually in vegetation overhanging water (typically forest streams, also lake margins and backwater areas). Hop on the ground or on logs at water’s edge, picking at leaves and debris. Tail often bobbed; in low light movement of white tip to tail may give away the bird’s presence. Band-tailed has broader white band at tip of tail (ca. 3–4 mm wide vs. ca. 1 mm) and a white interscapular patch (usually concealed).

32. Plumbeous Antbird – Myrmelastes hyperytrus – Hormiguero Plomizo Fairly common to common, and widespread in Amazonia, below 500 m, locally to 800 m. Found in understory of seasonally flooded forest and along stream margins, on or close to the ground. May follow army ant swarms. Large, plump antbird with prominent light blue skin around eye. Male largely gray (with white-spotted wing coverts); female distinctly bicolored. Cf. the smaller Black- headed, Allpahuayo, Slate-colored, and Spot-winged antbirds.

33. Chestnut-Tailed Antbird – Sciaphylax hemimelaena – Hormiguero de Cola Castaña One of the most common and widespread antbirds of Amazonian forest understory south of the Amazon, up to 1500 m. Note reddish brown tail (both sexes); also black throat and white belly of male, buffy throat and chest of female. Saturation of body plumage variable in both sexes.

34. Black-spotted Bare-eye – Phlegopsis nigromaculata – Ojo-Pelado de Ala Rojiza Widespread, uncommon to fairly common in Amazonia (but apparently absent from northwest) below 800 m. Occurs in understory of humid forest, regularly in transitional forests and less commonly in terra firme. Bright red orbital skin (gray in juvenile); back is brown, prominently spotted with black. Sexes similar.

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White-Browed Antbird – Photo by Candy Echevarria

GRALLARIIDAE 35. Amazonian Antpitta – Myrmothera berlepschi – Tororoi Amazónico Rare to uncommon in central and southern Amazonia, in dense undergrowth of riverine forest, at forest edge and in advanced second growth, locally up to 700 m. Relatively plain, with no strong face pattern (unlike Spotted or White- lored antpittas); also usually more extensively buffy below.

FORMICARIIDAE 36. Black-faced Antthush – Formicarius analis – Gallito-Hormiguero de Cara Negra Most common and widespread Amazonian antthrush. Primarily found in seasonally flooded an transitional forests at lower elevations, but also up to 1150 m in foothills. Crown plain brown, breast gray, vent rusty; also has pale orbital skin (gray or light blue)

FURNARIIDAE 37. Buff-throated Woodcreeper – Xiphorhynchus guttatus – Trepador de Garganta Anteadad Common and widespread in Amazonia, up to 700 m, locally to 900 m. Forages from understory to canopy, but most often relatively high. Regularly (and noisily) investigates dead leaf clusters and palm fronds; occasionally forages over army ant swarms. Large, rufescent, with buffy throat and strong, relatively long bill.

38. Pale-legged Hornero – furnarius leucopus – Hornero de Pata Pálida Common and widespread. Larger paler cinnamomeus, found on coast and in dry Marañón Valley, below 2100 m, is a characteristic bird of riparian woods, orchards, and farmlands; frequently around houses. Amazonian tricolor (to 800 m, rarely to 1700 m) occurs in river-edge forest and scrub. Preferswell-shaded, damp to muddy ground. Iris whitish (cinnamomeus) or chestnut (tricolor).

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© 2021 Jacamar Club - Perú 39. Chestnut-crowned Foliage-gleaner – Automulus rufipileatus – Hoja-Rasquero de Corona Castaña Widespread and fairly common throughout Amazonia, up to 700 m (locally to 1050 m), primarily in understory of seasonally flooded and river-edge forest. Forages in dense tangles and thickets. Crown more rufescent than back. Lacks the buff eyering and throat of Buff-throated Foliage-gleaner. Differs from Ruddy Foliage-gleaner by drab throat and sides of neck, and yellow or orange iris. Brown-rumped Foliage-gleaner has crown concolor with back, redder iris, and contrasting tawny malar

PIPRIDAE 40. Band-tailed Manakin – Pipra fasciicauda – Saltarín de Cola Bandeada Fairly common in Amazonia, below 1000 m. In north only near base of Andes, but more widespread in central and southern Peru (south of range of Wire-tailed Manakin). Understory of varzea and seasonally flooded forests; leks often located in dense understory thickets. Both sexes have white iris. Male always has red crown and largely yellow underparts with red or orangey wash on breast; white band on short tail; and white on inner webs of inner remiges. Male saturata (Huallaga drainage) has extensive red wash on breast and upper belly; red of underparts confined to breast in purusiana of central Peru; fasciicauda of Madre de Dios and Puno has orangey pectoral band and may show complete whitish tail band. Female more yellowish than other sympatric manakins, with distinctly yellow belly.

Pale-legged Hornero – Photo by Candy Echevarria

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© 2021 Jacamar Club - Perú 41. Fiery-capped Manakin – Machaeropterus pyrocephalus – Saltarín de Gorro de Fuego Widespread but generally uncommon in humid forest of Amazonia and foothills, up to 1100 m, locally to 1500 m. There is local overlap with two different subspecies of Striped Manakin: with aureopectus in Mayo Valley, and with striolatus in central Peru; in south, Fiery-capped mostly replaces Striped. Male distinctive. Female distinguished from female Striped by olive breast (lacking faint yellow or reddish wash) and yellow-olive belly (not whitish or pale yellow).

TITYRIDAE 42. White-winged Becard – Pachyramphus polychopterus – Cabezón de Ala Blanca One of the most common and widespread Amazonian becards. Found in mid- and upper levels of river-edge forest, second growth, and edges of humid forest up to 1200 m, locally to 1500 m. Sometimes accompanies mixed-species flocks but often forages apart. Resident males (subspecies tenebrosus, nigriventris) black with white wing bars and tips to tail. Females have extensive rufous- buff wing bars and edgings, brownish back, and relatively plain head pattern with grayish or brownish crown. Male of spixii, an austral migrant to southeast, is sooty gray below; larger and than male Black- capped Becard, with dusky lores. Female spixii similar to resident females.

43. Blanck-capped Becard – Pachyramphus polychopterus – Cabezón de Gorro Negro Uncommon but widely distributed in Amazonia, up to 750 m. More typical of forest interior than White-winged Becard; found in terra firme canopy. Male paler below than spixii White-winged, with pale lores; distinguished from Black-and- white Becard by black back. Female similar to female White-winged but has a more strongly rufous crown and a grayish olive (not light brown) back

TYRANNIDAE 44. Short-tailed Pygmy-Tyrant – Myiornis ecaudatus – Tirano-Pigmeo de Cola Corta A tiny ball of feathers, scarcely larger than a large bee. Uncommon but widespread in Amazonia, up to 1000 m. Found in humid forest, especially transitional forest, forest openings, and forest edge. White underparts are unmarked. More readily located by.

45. Flammulated Pygmy- Tyrant – Hermitriccus flammulatus – Tirano-Pigmeo Flamulado Uncommon but widespread in southeastern Amazonia below 850 m, where usually in bamboo (especially large thickets of spiny Guadua) understory in floodplain forest. Rare away from bamboo, except the isolated northern population in dense understory and second growth of dry forests at 300–600 m. Drab. Similar to White-bellied Tody-Tyrant, but with duller, unmarked wings, dark iris, and pale mandible.

46. White-Bellied Tody-Tyrant – Hemitriccus griseipectus – Tinaro-Todi de Vientre Blanco Most common and widespread tody-tyrant of southeastern Amazonia below 900 m; but apparently only local in central and northeastern Peru. Forages in under- and midstory of forest interior. Note whitish belly, pale iris, and dark mandible. Cf. Flammulated Pygmy-Tyrant. In northern Peru, cf. Zimmer’s and Snethlage’s tody-tyrants, and Double-banded Pygmy-Tyrant.

47. Dull-capped Attila – Attila bolivianus – Atila de Ojo Blanco Uncommon but widespread in eastern lowlands, mostly if not entirely found south of the Amazon. Found in under- and midstory of varzea and transitional forests. Largest, plainest attila. Dull tawny- brown above (not bright rufous as is innamon Attila) with grayer crown; tawny-buff below with wings that are dusky but not blackish.

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Dull-capped Attila – Photo by Candy Echevarria

48. Lesser Kiskadee – Pitangus lictor – Bienteveo Menor Small, slender-billed kiskadee intimately associated with water; perches low over oxbow lakes and relatively sluggish rivers throughout Amazonia, up to 750 m. Usually in pairs. Much less conspicuous than larger Great Kiskadee, and more closely associated with water. Also has slimmer proportions and more slender bill. Bill much longer than in Myiozetetes. Readily identified by distinctive.

49. Gray-capped Flycatcher – Myiozetetes granadensis – Mosquero de Gorro Gris Common and widespread in Amazonia, up to 1400 m, in second growth and at forest edge, especially near water. Forages at all heights, in pairs or in small groups. Head gray with dusky sides, ill-defined whitish superciliary and forehead. Rear crown often looks “ragged” or slightly crested; semiconcealed crown patch reddish orange. Iris often pale gray or gray- brown. Dusky-chested Flycatcher smaller, with blurry streaks on breast. Cf. also Sulphury Flycatcher and Tropical Kingbird, which are larger with heavier bills and do not have whitish forecrown and superciliary.

50. Sulphur-Bellied Flycatcher – Mecocerculus minor – Tiranillo de Vientre Azufrado Fairly common boreal migrant (Sep–Apr). Distribution not well known; perhaps most common in foothills and adjacent lowlands, 350–1200 m, of central and southern Peru but may winter in small numbers farther north and east. Apparently migrates through most of Amazonian Peru. Canopy of humid forest and at forest edge. Very similar to Streaked Flycatcher, but dusky moustachial streaks are heavier and often converge on chin, superciliary whiter, and belly less streaked and deeper yellow. Also, little or no rufous in wings.

51. Eastern Kingbird – Tyrannus tyrannus - Tirano Norteño Common boreal migrant (Sep–Apr) to Amazonia, locally up to 1900 m; rare vagrant to coast. Often in flocks (sometimes very large), in canopy of forest, at forest edge, and in second growth. Communal roosts can number in the hundreds. Largely frugivorous when in tropics, but also sallies for aerial insects. Note 2-toned appearance with white-tipped tail. Juvenile similar but browner above, with more pronounced white scaling on wing coverts and edges to secondaries.

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© 2021 Jacamar Club - Perú TROGLODYRIDAE 52. Thrush-like Wren – Campylorhynchus turdinus – Cucarachero Zorzal Fairly common and widespread in Amazonia, up to 1500 m, in midstory and canopy at forest edge, in adjacent second growth, and at gaps in forest interior. Usually in small (family?) groups that noisily investigate viny tangles and other thickets. Drab gray-brown above, indistinctly spotted dusky. Off-white below, spotted dusky. Unmistakable (and not particularly thrushlike).

53. Buff-breasted Wren – Cantorchilus leucotis – Cucarachero de Pecho Anteado Locally common in Amazonia below 500 m; largely confined to river-edge forest, and similar habitats on river islands. Brown, with buffy underparts. Coraya and Moustached wrens have stronger, black- and-white face patterns and lack barring on wings. Buff-breasted also has relatively shorter tail, and crown concolor with back

TURDIDAE 54. White-necked Thush - Turdus albicolis – Zorzal de Cuello Blanco Uncommon to fairly common in the interior of humid Amazonian forest, up to 1300 m (spodiolaemus). Forages on the ground or in understory. Smallest Amazonian Turdus. Readily recognized by contrast between dark brown upperparts and light gray flanks and breast, white crescent across upper chest, and heavily streaked throat. Has a narrow orange eyering and dark bill. Status and distribution of contemptus poorly known, but apparently a rare austral migrant to Andean foothills, north at least to Puno, possibly further north; note the olive bill and the brown or tawny flanks.

55. Black-billed Thrush – Turdus ignobilis – Zorzal de Pico Negro The widespread thrush of forest edge in Amazonia, up to 1200 m. Fairly common at forest edge, in clearings, and in river- edge forest; avoids forest interior. Drab, with few distinctive features. Note black bill, light grayish brown breast, and only weakly streaked white throat; often shows a narrow white band on lower throat or upper chest.

TURDIDAE 56. Purple-throated Euphonia – Euphonia chlorotica - Eufonia de Garganta Púrpura Common below 1400 m in dry forest of intermontane valleys, especially in Marañón. Also locally common in river-edge forest and second growth in Amazonia, and at edges of savanna on Pampas del Heath. Male brighter, purer yellow than similar male Orange-bellied; note smaller crown patch. Female yellow below with white belly; cf. female Golden-bellied

THRAUPIDAE 57. White-shouldered Tanager – Loriotus luctuosus – Tangara de Hombre Blanco Fairly common and widespread in Amazonia below 1000 m, although scarce or very local in northeastern Amazonian Peru; also fairly common in humid forest in Tumbes. Pairs are frequent members of mixed-species flocks in midstory of humid forest; may prefer dense vegetation such as at forest edge or treefalls in forest interior. Female is similar to female Yellow-crested Tanager but is smaller and brighter yellow below, with whiter throat. Cf. also much larger Gray- headed Tanager.

58. Silver-Beaked Tanager– Ramphocelus carbo – Tangara de Pico Plateado Widespread and common in second growth and forest edge throughout Amazonia, up to 1800 m (but see Black-bellied Tanager in Huallaga Valley). Throat of male crimson; but in poor light bird may appear all dark with white bill. Dull brown female distinguished (except from other Ramphocelus) by silvery mandible.

59. Palm Tanager – Thraupis palmarum –Tangara de Palmeras Widespread and common in Amazonia, up to 1600 m. Often found in or near palms. Color of body can vary from olive to purplish depending upon light; at all times, 2-toned appearance of wings usually is conspicuous.

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Eastern Kingbird – Photo by Candy Echevarria 60. Blue Dacnis – Dacnis cayana – Dacnis Azul Fairly common and widespread in Amazonia, up to 1500 m on lower slopes of Andes. Found in canopy of humid forests, at forest edge, and in second growth. Gleans arthropods from leaf surfaces, often focusing on surfaces with obvious leaf damage. Note female’s small size, blue crown and bill shape; cf. female Green Honeycreeper (often found in same flocks)

61. Blue-Black Grassquit – Volatinia jacarina – Semillerito Negro Azulado Common and widespread throughout lowlands (up to 2400 m); particularly common on coast and in Marañón Valley, widespread but less common in Amazonia. Often in gardens, also fields, pastures, and other open grassy habitats. Small, with conical bill and slightly rounded tail. Male has white underwing coverts. Coastal peruviensis rarely if ever completely blue-black; remiges dusky brown, body usually narrowly scaled rusty or grayish brown. Female has narrowly streaked breast; also note rather pointed bill.

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Blue-Black Grassquit – Photo by Candy Echevarria

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THANKS TO THE PROUD SUPPORTER AND SPONSORS FOR THE BIRDERS WOMEN

• Thanks to Shamus Terry and Vortex Optics for sponsoring with birding gear for the education and training purpose, to help leaders in birding and birdwatching in Perú. • Thanks a lot, to our Jacamar Club team and Alvaro Capa for sharing his experience in the amazonian birding. • Thanks to Mr. Zambrano Herrera, owner of the Fundo K´erenda Homet for providing us with his area for bird watching. • Thanks to the volunteers of Madre De Dios for their enthusiasm, interest, discipline and companionship in the world of birds.

1. Candy Echevarria 2. Meylli Alvarado 3. Maria Gutierrez 4. Cecilia Borda 5. Janet Chavez 6. Junet Maldonado 7. Yadhira Cavero 8. Angela Rafael

FIELD GEAR USED

• Binocular: Vortex Diamondback 8X32mm HD (2) • Binocular: Vortex Viper HD 8X42mm (2) • Binocular: vortex Diamondback 10x42mm HD (1) • Digital Camera: Optica CANON (calidad FULL HD) for photography • Bird of Peru, Aves de Peru (Field Books).

YOU CAN FIND MORE ABOUT JACAMAR CLUB AT

1. The fun Page https://www.facebook.com/JacamarClub/ 2. The website https://www.jacamargroup.com/ 3. Ebird Bio @jacamarclub 4. Instagram Bio @Jacamarclub 5. YouTube Bio https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCszUDj9LXeBb6MGqSnoGD6w 6. If you need contacts us please call us WhatsApp PERU Ana Amable +5174296204 EEUU Richard Amable +1 (513) 575-6064

REFERENCES AND LITERATURES

SCHULEMBERG, T. S.; D .F.STOTZ; D. F. LANE; J. P. O’NEILL & T. A., PARKER III. 2007. Birds of Peru. Princeton Field Guides. Princeton University Press. 304 pp. PLENGE, M. A. Versión [junio/2020] List of the birds of Peru / Lista de las aves del Perú. Unión de Ornitólogos del Perú.

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PICTURES OF THE DAY

Women birders of Madre de Dios Region - Photo by Candy Echevarria

Entrance Kerenda Homet Shelter - Photo by Alvaro Capa - 20 -

The day is end in Kerenda Homet Shelter – Photo Alvaro Capa

THE END

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