INDEX
A social, 7, 146, 160, 208 Aboriginal struggles, 6, 27, 39, 40, 43, student, see activists, student; 44, 46 student movements Academia trade union, 171, 172 competitive individualism 205, 206 Activist educators, 66, 69 managerialism 205 Activists, 1, 2, 7, 8 see also activism marketisation 205, 206 black consciousness, 16–18 pedagogies of solidarity 209, 210 community, 9, 96, 102, 103, 113, 132 Popular Education Network (PEN), economic, 92 207–10 education, 22, 85, 193, 195 solidarity networks 207–209 environmental, 10, 206 solidarity obstacles 203, 205, 206 feminist, 11, 27–29 Actions, 29–32, 36, 37, 67, 85, 109, film, 139–144 128, 187 gender, 37 collective, see collective actions HIV/AIDS, 149, 154, 155 cultural, 209 identity, 167 direct, 54–56 Palestine, 121, 124 mass, 20, 23, 40, 186, 200 peace, 54, 60, 64 obstacles, 128–131, 133, 135 scholar-activists, 10, 11 organisational, 33, 64, 97, 102, 160, social, 7, 73, 76, 160, 214 188–190 social, justice 106 participatory, 35 student, 4, 5, 6, 16, 17, 36, 37, 139 personal, 63, 68, 132 see also student campaigns political, 136 theatre, 19, 117–125, 128, 134 protest, 96, 101, 128, 147, 196 training, 155, 178 solidarity, see solidarity actions water, 105, 108 sustaining, 128, 130 Adult education, 4, 40, 41 tactical, 66 Adult literacy, 39, 40, 43, 44 see also transformative, 86, 90 literacy violent, 66 African National Congress (ANC), 28, Activism, 2 see also activists; scholar- 86, 182 activists All Together in Dignity (ATD) community-based, 11, 39, 96–103, allies, 73 113, 132, 161, 162 approaches, 75–80 feminist, 27–29, 34–37 background, 71, 72 forms, 60 membership, 73 issues-based see campaigns perspectives, 74 political, 40, 123, 124, 208 Alternative economics, 89–91
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Alternatives, 4, 5, 143, 186, 195, 199 health rights, 131, 159–165 Alternatives to Violence Project (AVP), housing, 96–102 8, 9, 58 see also non-violence information access, 96–102 description, 60–62 literacy, 40, 45, 46, 105, 106, pedagogy, 62, 63 150–154, 161–169 principles, 66, 67 living wage, 20 Amazwi Wethu (AW), 140–142 against outsourcing see Anti-apartheid struggles, 15, 40, 44, 49, #OutsourcingMustFall 66 see also apartheid against rape, 36, 37 Black Consciousness Movement water access, 108–110 (BCM), 16–18 Capitalism, 184, 207 People’s Education movement, effects, 198 21–23 global, 5, 46 women’s movements, 27–30, 32–36 racial, 96 workers’ see workers’ movements Centre for Education Research see also trade unions and Transformation (CERT), Anticolonialism, 16, 40, 41, 118, 119 85, 86 Anti-imperialism, 40, 42 Changing Practice course, 106–108 Apartheid, 11, 15–22, 49, 50, 147 see Chartism, 41 also anti-apartheid struggles Cinema see filmmaking education, 16–18, 23 Class, 10, 30, 90, 184, 185 see also geography, 32 working class Israeli, 49, 123 consciousness, 186, 190 legacies, 84 hierarchies, 20 policies, 156, 166 privilege, 30, 34 solidarities, 5, 7, 18, 23, 27, 33, 161, B 182, 207 Beliefs, internalised, 35, 145, 164 struggle, 78, 185 Biko, Steve 17, 85 Collective actions, 6, 9, 10, 16, 62, Black Consciousness Movement 84, 85 (BCM), 4, 15–18, 129 education activism, 16, 85, 194, 199 aims, 16, 18 food security, 91, 92 and education, 16–18, 21 health activism, 136, 161 identity building, 16, 17, 28 obstacles, 110, 133 influences, 16 power of, 69 legacies, 17, 18 Collective identity, 16, 17, 20, 135, 160, Black Women’s Federation, 16 169, 196, 207 Blikkiesdorp, 97–103 Collective learning, 29, 188–190, 196 Colonisation, 27, 30 see also C decolonisation Campaigns Common knowledge, 30, 34–37 education, 194–197 see also student Communal learning, 60, 186, movements Communism, 41, 42, 119, 182, 185
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Community-based activism, 96–103, Decolonising practices see 162, 113 decolonisation Australian, 39 Decolonising solidarity, 15, 27–31, 39 definitions, 29 Dialogues, 6, 7, 34, 62, 74, 145, 198 legacy, 3, 49, 54 with academics, 76, 77 Palestinian, 49 critical, 133 Community-based organisations, 28, confrontational, 79 61, 86, 96, 130, 155 democratic, 2, 60, 62, 85, 112, 113 Community-building, 59, 60, intergenerational, 145 63–66, 91 international, 208 Community Literacy and Numeracy Disrupt, 36 Group (CLING), 84, 85, 91 Disruptions, 30, 37, 59, 67, 131, Congress of South African Trade 132, 134 Unions (COSATU), 19, De Noon, 108–110 182, 184 Durkheim, Emile, 41 Contexts, 2, 3, 31, 204 cultural, 207 E economic, 165 East Timor, 43–45 historical, 3, 129, 185 Economies neocolonial, 5 capitalist, 3 political, 165 first, 88 shared, 144, 209 formal, informal, 87, 90, 91 spatial, 3, 131 global, 3l temporal, 3, 131 illegal, 87 transitional, 64 local, 83, 85, 89, 90, 92 violent, 9, 54, 60, 61, 68 market, 89, 194 Contingencies, 9, 31, 131, 132, 209 neoliberal, 106 Creativity see solidarity, creative sub-economies, 90, 91 Culture, 29, 54, 63, 106, 120, 146, 164, township, 86–92 204, 209 Engagement, 16, 34, 66, 199, 209 community, 134, 146 active, 4, 9 patriarchal, 164, 168 community, 85, 101–103, 112, 113, rape, 27, 36, 37 145, 207 workers’, 19 critical, 135 youth, 146 feminist, 28–31 with power, 164 D Engels, Friedrich, 41, 185 Decolonisation, 1, 3, 52 Environmental injustices, 105–110 Australian, 40 Environmental movements, 105, 106 of education, 3, 18, 21–24 Epistemology, 10 and feminism, 27–32, 34, 35 Eurocentrism, 24, 41 of self, 5, 17, 29, 30 Experiential learning, 19, 59, 62, 103 and solidarity, 15, 27–31, 39 Extreme poverty see poverty, extreme
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F Hope, 1, 2, 5, 9, 85, 169, 193, 196–198 Fanon, Frantz, 1, 6, 16, 17, 52, 85 and storytelling 160 #FeesMustFall, 4, 17, 18, 182 utopian 4 Feminism see feminist popular vs violence 60, 66–68 education; women’s movements Humanitarianism, 49, 51, 133, 137 Feminist popular education, 27–32, 34, 35 I and middle-classes, 30, 31, 34 Identities, 3, 29, 185 Filmmaking, 139–147 activists’, 165, 167 Freedom flotillas, 49, 51, 52 black, 18, 19, 28 see also Black Freedom Park, 84–88, 92 Consciousness Movement (BCM) Freedom Park Research Group (FPRG), collective, 16, 17, 20, 135, 160, 169, 86–92 196, 207 Freire, Paulo, 4, 10, 15–17, 22, 66, 40, cultural, 207 97, 144 gender, 7 dialogue, 62 peace educators’, 64 idealism, 2, 17 women’s, 30 knowledge, 103, 120 workers’, 20 literacy, 42, 45 Illiteracy see literacy love, 67, 137, 198 Imagining, 2, 16, 23, 76, 90, 169, 198 radical pedagogy, 17, 67, 108, 140, Indigenous knowledge. 23, 60, 112, 198 164, 168 FRETILIN, 43 Indigenous people, 29, 39, 40, 52, 54 Inequalities, 11, 45, 51, 68, 88, 207 G Chilean, 193 Gaza, 49–57, 124 class, 27, 30 Gender, 10 Cuban, 45, 193, 194 equity, 28, 35, 36 education, 140, 193, 194 identities, 7 gender, 15, 23, 29, 30, 155, 207 justice, 37, 164 race, 27, 28, 30 oppression, 15, 23, 30, 207 structural, 60, 67, 184, 204 and power, 145 and violence, 51 roles, 145 Injustices, 3, 7, 30, 54, 78, 198 Gender-based violence, 68, 98, 143, 164 apartheid see apartheid Gramsci, Antonio, 1, 11, 34, 186 cognitive, 112 Grassroots activism see community- colonial, 50 based activism environmental, 105, 106, 113 social, 106, 181, 182 H structural, 6, 31, 108, 113 Helicopter solidarity, 8, 102, 103 Interdependencies, 4, 5, 6, 24, 31, 15, HIV/AIDS, 7, 149, 150, 153, 156, 63, 69, 209 see also ubuntu 157 see also Treatment Action International solidarity, 7, 9, 39, 42–46, Campaign (TAC) 65, 97, 106, 160
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Palestine, 49, 50, 54, 57 politics, 79, 90, 203, 204 projects, 118–122, 204, 207, 208 privilege, 8, 151, 154, 155, 209 workers, 18, 39, 41 and solidarity, 5, 6, 9, 122, 124, 131 Intersectionality, 11, 30 Learning, 3, 5, 10, 67, 106, 107, 185, Israeli Occupation Forces (IOF), 49, 51, 198, 199 52, 55, 56, 119 collective, 29, 188–190, 196 communal, 186, 60 J democratisation of, 62 Jana Natya Manch (Janam) dimensions, 186 collaborations, 118–122 embodied, 60 tours, 122, 123 experiential, 19, 59, 62, 103 holistic, 60, 67 K inclusive, 144 Kenya, 61, 62, 65, 68 informal, 174 Knowledge, 103, 120, 159 networked, 113 in academia, 205–210 organic, 20, 23, 97 collective, 20, 179 participatory, 173, 178 see also study common, 30, 34, 35, 36, 37 circles community, 90, 109, 111, 112 social, 10, 107–109, 113 construction, 2, 6, 8, 31, 34, 35, 60, social movement, 29, 42 62, 77–79, 85 transformative, 62 decolonising, 18 LGBTI, 23 emancipatory, 78 Literacy, 42, 85, 165 experiential, 19, 72, 76, 113 campaigns, 9, 16, 42–46, 105, 106 indigenous, 23, 60, 112, 164, 168 Community Literacy and Numeracy Merging Knowledge (MK), 76 Group (CLING), 84, 85, 91 networks, 109, 113 Luxemburg, Rosa, 41 politics of, 10, 20, 23, 30, 71, 76, 103 M poor peoples’, 77, 90, 109, 120 Marginalisation, 23, 120, 128, 129, 160 and power, 11, 54, 111, 120, 159 cultural, 197 sharing, 102, 103, 110, 168, 177 economic, 87, 91, 130 workers’, 85, 182, 184, 185 political, 197 women, 130 L Marikana, 21, 184, 188, 191 LACOM, 19 Marx, Karl, 41, 42, 46, 185, 186 Landless Workers’ Movement, 43 Marxism, 182, 185, 186 Language Moral humility, 32, 34 accessibility, 102, 161 Moral obligations, 7, 136 cinematic, 141, 142 colonisers’, 3, 8 N divides, 23, 27, 33, 150, 163 National Education Crisis Committee policies, 181, 203, 204 (NECC), 21
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Neocolonialism, 3, 5 see also experiential, 59 colonialism participatory, 8, 9, 59, 60, 62 Neoliberalism, 63, 96, 106, 125, 193, reflexive, 9, 10, 209 194, 197, 198, 205 relational, 7, 8, 209 consequences, 182, 184, 185 transitive, 9, 209 economics, 181, 184 People’s Education, 21–23 Non-governmental organisations Perspectives, 32 (NGOs), 2, 22, 49, 106, 162, 183 feminist, 30, 31 Non-violence, 52, 53 see also of the oppressed, 120 Alternatives to Violence Project political, 190 (AVP); peace postcolonial, 68 southern, 3, 60, 67 O Political relationships, 5–7, 10, 29, 132, #OutSourcingMustFall, 4, 10 136, 137 background, 182–184 Political struggles, 9, 16, 28, 137, 171, campaign, 187–190 178, 208 see also activism organising, 188 Popular education, 1–4, 21–24 tactics, 187, 188 and the arts, 1 victories, 189 Asian Pacific, 40, 41 Australian, 40, 41 P commitments, 209 Palestine, 10, 49, 50, 54–57, 118–125 definitions, descriptions, 3, 4 Patriarchy, 18, 34, 68, 96, 145, 163 description, 207 Peace see also Alternatives to Violence history, 41, 42 Project (AVP); non-violence Popular Education Network (PEN), educators, education, 59–62, 67 207–210 movements, 40, 43, 59, 69 purposes, 207, 208 processes, 54 Popular Education Network (PEN), Pedagogies, 131, 132, 199 see also 207–210 popular education Popular Education Programme (PEP), decolonising, 23 130, 131, 134 emancipatory, 108, 113 Popular struggles see activism Freirian, 107 Post-apartheid, 18, 22, 23, 160, 172, humanising, 66 184 participatory, 8, 9, 60, 62 Poverty racist, 18 and beauty, 75, 76 radical, 17, 85, 159, 160, 161, 164, categories, 74 167 cycle, 86, 88 of solidarity see pedagogies of effects, 75, 76, 78 solidarity extreme, 8 10, 71–75 Pedagogies of solidarity, 8–11, 15 see of information, 99 also solidarity livelihood strategies, 87, 88 creative, 9, 10, 209 persistent, 7, 77, 78, 80, 108
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and violence, 59, 66 international, 42–46, 49, 50 Privilege worker–student see class, 30, 31, 34 #OutsourcingMustFall language, 8, 151, 154, 155, 209 South African Communist Party race, 30 (SACP), 182, 184 wealth, 199 South African Student’s Organisation Power relationships, 8, 9, 10, 30, 31, (SASO), 16 85, 111, 168 Southern African Liberation Centre (SALC), 40 R Southern perspectives, 3, 41, 60, 67 Racism, 15,16, 18, 34, 54 see also Spaces, 7, 23, 30, 106, 110–113, 145, apartheid 146, 175 Radical education, 5, 18, 40, 67 communal, 64 Radical vulnerability, 5, 31, 32, 37 curating, 7, 134 Rape, 62, 27, 36, 37, 123 marginal, 204 Rwanda, 61, 65, 72, 74 pedagogical, 134, 173 Reciprocity, 5, 6, 74, 77, 132, 137, 144, performance, 128, 130, 131, 133, 209 135 Reflexivity, 8–10, 31, 34, 107, 209 political, 7, 96 Refugees, 51, 53 public, 92, 97, 120, 134, 197, 198 Right to Know Campaign reflective, 146 (Right2Know), 95–103 safe, unsafe, 9, 66, 77, 78, 103, 134 transitional, 134 S under apartheid, 134 Scholar-activists, 2, 10, 16, 85 see also Stokvels, 83, 91, 92 academia Storytelling, 31, 134, 135, 140, 146, School boycotts, 21, 22 153, 154 Social capital, 6, 205 Street theatre see theatre Social cohesion, 6, 204, 205 Student movements, 16, 17 Social learning, 10, 42, 107–109, 113 Chilean, 5, 6 Social movement learning, 29, 42 Cuban, 194–200 Solidarity, solidarities, 5–8, 15, 207 see #FeesMustFall, 4, 17, 18 also pedagogies of solidarity National Youth Organisation, 17 in academia, 207–210 #OutSourcingMustFall, 4 actions, 21, 30, 31, 50, 80, 91, 103, school boycotts, 21, 22 132 South African Student’s Movement, vs charity, 71, 74 17 creative, 5, 8, 9, 35, 52, 75, 146, 208, South African Student’s 209 Organisation, 16 economics, 1, 83, 90, 92 Student Representative Councils forging, building, 1, 5, 6, 17, 20, 59, (SRCs), 21 60, 64, 65, 177, 178 Study circles forms, 8–11 descriptions, 173–175
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history, 171–173 treatment literacy programme, South Africa, 175–177 162–165 Swedish, 174, 175 writing workshops, 149–156
T U Theatre see also Jana Natya Manch Ubuntu, 63, 68, 137 see also feminist, 136 interdependencies guerilla, 127 Unions see trade unions political, 120–124 United Democratic Front (UDF), 21, 28 protest, 128, 129 University engagement see academia street, 128–136 Universities, 203–206 workers’, 129 KwaZulu-Natal, 66 Third Cinema movement, 143, 144 Rhodes, 2, 36, 37 Timorese liberation party see Technology Sydney, 40 FRETILIN Witwatersrand, 50 Torres Strait Islands, 39 Township economies, 86–92 V Trade unions 18–21 see also workers’ Vanguardism, 8, 10 education Violence, 7, 54 see also Alternatives to Black Allied Workers, 16 Violence Project Congress of South African gender-based, 68, 123 (COSATU), 19, 182, 184 interpersonal, 61, 62 Federation of South African, 28 Israeli, 50–52, 117, 120 National Metalworkers (NUMSA), and poverty, 71–72 21, 182 Rwandan, 61 South African Domestic Workers, 34 structural, 58, 66 Transformation, 2, 5, 62, 69, 186, 187 Vulnerability see radical vulnerability see also Centre for Education Research and Transformation W (CERT) Women’s Boat to Gaza (WBG), 6, 10, of academia, 204, 205 49–57 economic, 90 Women’s Charter, 28, 35 and education, 22, 23, 108, 140, 182 Women’s movements, 27–29, 32–36 personal, 17, 76, 60, 61, 67, 68, 76 ANC Women’s League, 32 of power, 62–66, 68 Federation of Transvaal Women, 28 social, 17, 18, 46, 60, 72, 102, 184, Natal Organisation of Women, 28 203, 204 Timorese women’s movement, 44 Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) United Women’s Organisation background, 160 (UWO), 28, 32–34 campaigns history, 160, 161 Women’s National Coalition (WNC), funding, 165, 166 28, 35, 36 pedagogy, 159, 161, 162, 166–169 Working class political landscape, 165, 166 consciousness, 19
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culture, 19, 20 Writing workshops, 8, 149–151, education, 16, 18–21, 172, 175, 176 154, 156 see also study circles movements, 18–21 Y solidarity Yo, I Puedo! 43–45 Wresinski, Joseph, 71–74, 76, 77, 80
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