An Updated Checklist of Thyatirinae (Lepidoptera, Drepanidae) from China, with Descriptions of One New Species

Zootaxa 3941 (1): 001–048 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3941.1.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A47DEAEA-2724-426D-B369-7677EC8FBD85 An updated checklist of Thyatirinae (Lepidoptera, Drepanidae) from China, with descriptions of one new species

NAN JIANG1, CHAO YANG1, DAYONG XUE1 & HONGXIANG HAN1,2 1Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 2Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

A total of three tribes, 38 genera and 148 species of Thyatirinae from China are listed together with one dubious record. Of these, one new species, Stenopsestis bruna sp. nov., is described. Macrothyatira danieli Werny, 1966, stat. rev., is restored to specific rank. Cymatophora subampliata Houlbert, 1921, is downgraded to subspecific rank as Tethea (Tethea) albicostata subampliata (Houlbert, 1921), stat. nov. Two genera, four species and three subspecies are recorded for the first time from China (Chiropsestis Laszlo, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2001, Hiroshia Laszlo, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2001, Chirop- sestis rubrocinerea Laszlo, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2001, Hiroshia albinigra Laszlo, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2001, Parapsestis hausmanni Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007, Spica luteola Swinhoe, 1889, Parapsestis cinerea pacifica Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007, Tethea (Saronaga) consimilis aurisigna Bryk, 1943, Nothoploca nigripunctata fansipana Laszlo, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2001). Ten misidentifications in Zhao (2004) are corrected. Illustrations of external features and genitalia of the new taxa and new records are presented.

Key words: fauna, taxonomy, morphology, distribution

Introduction

The Thyatiridae was established by Smith (1893). They were known as Cymatophoridae Herrich-Schäffer, 1847 for a long time. However, the type-genus Cymatophora Treitschke, 1825, is a junior homonym of Cymatophora Hübner, 1812 (Geometridae, Ennominae, type-species: Cymatophora approximaria Hübner, 1812, from North- America), so Cymatophoridae was invalid and replaced by Thyatiridae under the Code (1999, 4th Edition, Article 39). Later, Thyatiridae were downgraded to a subfamily of the Drepanidae by Minet & Scoble (1999) and Kristensen et al. (2007), according to the synapomorphy in the adult, viz. the possession of abdominal tympanal organs associated with the tergosternal sclerites, which connect tergum 1 with sternum 2. The taxonomic position of the Thyatirinae was also supported by molecular data (Wu et al. 2010). Species of Thyatirinae are mainly distributed in Eurasia, especially in the East Asian and Himalayan region (Laszlo et al. 2007). Up to the present, more than 50 genera and 300 species have been recognized in the Thyatirinae, and approximately half of all species recorded in China. Most species of Thyatirinae were identified by different authors during the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. Warren (1912), Houlbert (1921) and Gaede (1930) summarised previous works on Thyatirinae. The most important and basic work on Thyatirinae was finished by Werny (1966) in the mid-twentieth century. He reviewed 180 species globally, belonging to 43 genera in 10 tribes of 2 subfamilies. However, his tribal classification is confusing, and many subspecies were described. Yoshimoto (1982–1996) widely studied the East Asian Thyatirinae, described many new species, and summarised the Taiwanese species in “Lepidoptera of Taiwan” (Yoshimoto 1992). Laszlo with co-authors (1999, 2000, 2001) studied the Eurasian Thyatirinae. After long-term study and examining much material from different sources, Laszlo et al. (2007) published a book titled “The Thyatiridae of Eurasia including the Sundaland and New Guinea (Lepidoptera)”. The book comprehensively summarised the Thyatirinae fauna of Eurasia and south-eastern Asian to Papua New Guinea; 46 genera and 212 species were covered, including more than 40 new species or

Accepted by E. Beljaev: 20 Feb. 2015; published: 30 Mar. 2015 1 subspecies, including many new nomenclature revisions (new synonyms, new combinations, and new status). It is worth mentioning that Laszlo et al. (2007) considered a majority of subspecies in Werny (1966) as synonyms. However, they did not agree with the relegation of the Thyatiridae to a subfamily of the Drepanidae, and believed that the Thyatiridae show a high degree of similarity to some groups of Noctuoidea. Actually, besides the similar tympanal organs, the Thyatirinae shares a special venation (Sc+R1 of hind wing is situated far from the anterior margin of the cell, bending and approaching Rs outside the end of the cell) with the Drepanidae. Tshistjakov (2007), Dubatolov & Dolgikh (2007), Mironov & Dubatolov (2008), Dubatolov (2009) and Dubatolov et al. (2013) studied the Russian Thyatirinae. Chinese authors also studied the taxonomy and faunistics of the Thyatirinae. Wu (1938) summarised 14 genera and 47 species according to the work of Warren (1912). Zhao (1981) recorded 25 Chinese species. Later, approximately 50 species were recorded from many kinds of faunistic surveys by Zhao (1982, 1987, 1988ab, 1992, 1993, 1997, 2002) and Zhao & Lou (2001). At the same time, other authors also reported some Chinese species of the family (She & Wu 1995; Wu 1997; Yang & Zhu 1998; Shi et al. 1998; Shen & Zhao 1999; Shen & Liu 1999; Yang & Wang 2001; Fang 2003). Zhao (2004) summarised the Chinese fauna of the Thyatirinae and described 26 genera with 105 species based on the material and references obtained at that time. Actually, this work was finished in 1996, and some misidentifications were included because of limitations to the working conditions at that time. Later, different authors reported some new taxa and newly recorded species from China (Han 2005; Pan et al. 2010; Zhang & Han 2010; Yoshimoto et al. 2011; Zhuang et al. 1012; Xue et al. 2012). The purpose of this paper is to summarise all Chinese Thyatiridae based on previous works, re-identification of all the collections in IZCAS (including new material obtained during expeditions in the last ten years) and re- examination of the material from SEMCAS, SYSU, and SCAU. In total, the checklist comprises three tribes, 38 genera and 148 species together with one dubious record. One new species is described. One species is restored to specific rank, and one species is downgraded to subspecific rank. Two genera, four species and three subspecies are recorded for the first time from China. Ten misidentifications in Zhao (2004) are corrected. Illustrations of external features and genitalia of the new taxa and new records are provided. Because Thyatiridae is relegated to Thyatirinae in this paper, the primary subfamilies of Thyatiridae are relegated to tribes, viz. Thyatirini, Polyplocini. The ten tribes of Werny's (1966) system were not accepted and only Demopsestini is preserved.

Material and methods

Specimens examined were mainly from the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (IZCAS); Shanghai Entomological Museum, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SEMCAS), China (SEMCAS); Biological Museum, Sun Yat-Sen University, China (SYSU); Insect Collection, South China Agricultural University, China (SCAU). Terminology for wing venation followed the Comstock-Needham System (Comstock 1918) as adopted for Drepanidae by Scoble (1992), and that for the genitalia was based on Klots (1970) and Nichols (1989). Photographs of the moths were taken with digital cameras. Composite images were generated using Auto-Montage software version 5.03.0061 (Synoptics Ltd). The plates were compiled using Adobe Photoshop software.

Abbreviations of type depositories

BMNH The Natural History Museum, London, UK CDS Collection of de Lattin, Saarbrücken CMNH Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, USA CUIC Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA EIHU Entomological Institute, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan HNHM Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum Allattara (Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary) IBSS Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Vladivostok, Russia. ISEA Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Novosibirsk, Russia IZCAS Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

2 · Zootaxa 3941 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press JIANG ET AL. Kim coll. Collection of S. S. Kim, Korea MNHN Museum National d'Histoire Natarelle, Paris, France MNHU Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany MWM Museum Witt, Munich, Germany NHRS Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden NSMT National Science Museum (Natural History), Tokyo, Japan Okano coll. Collection of M. Okano, Japan RMNH Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum (formerly Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie), Leiden, Netherlands UOPJ Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan ZFMK Zoologische Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany ZRAS Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia ZSM Zoologische Staatsammlungen, Munich, Germany

Checklist

Thyatirinae

Thyatiridae Smith, 1893. Type-genus: Thyatira Ochsenheimer, 1816. Cymatophoridae Herrich-Schäffer, 1847. Type-genus: Cymatophora Treitschke, 1825, nec Hübner, 1812.

Tribe Thyatirini Smith, 1893

Thyatirini Smith, 1893. Type-genus: Thyatira Ochsenheimer, 1816

Genus Thyatira Ochsenheimer, 1816

Thyatira Ochsenheimer, 1816: 77. Type-species: Phalaena (Noctua) batis Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation by Curtis, 1825. Thyatira Hübner, 1821: 236. Type-species: Phalaena (Noctua) batis Linnaeus, 1758. Strophia Meigen, 1832: 174. Type-species: Phalaena (Noctua) batis Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation by Fletcher, 1979. Calleida Sodoffsky, 1837: 87. Type-species: Phalaena (Noctua) batis Linnaeus, 1758. Unnecessary Replacement Name. Thyathira Bruand, 1845: 89. Type-species: Phalaena (Noctua) batis Linnaeus, 1758, by monotypy.

Thyatira batis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Phalaena batis Linnaeus, 1758: 509. Type-locality: Sweden, Uppsala.

Remarks. Besides the following two subspecies, there is a third subspecies pallida Rothschild, 1920, which is distributed in Sumatra, Indonesia.

Subsp. batis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Thyatira batis japonica Werny, 1966: 35, fig. 49. Type-locality: Japan, Asamayama. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK). Thyatira batis mandschurica Werny, 1966: 33, fig. 23. Type-locality: China, Manchuria [Heilongjiang], Maoer-shan. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK).

Distribution. China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Beijing, Hebei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang), Russia, Mongolia, Japan, Turkey, Iran, Caucasus, Algeria, Europe.

Thyatira batis rubrescens Werny, 1966: 36, figs 34, 239, 337. Type-locality: China, Yunnan, Li-kiang. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK). Thyatira rubrescens nepalensis Werny, 1966: 38, fig. 45. Type-locality: Nepal. Holotype ♂ (ZSM). Thyatira rubrescens obscura Werny, 1966: 39. Type-locality: Sikkim. Holotype ♂ (BMNH). Thyatira rubrescens assamensis Werny, 1966: 41, figs 41, 43. Type-locality: India, Assam. Holotype ♂ (BMNH). Thyatira rubrescens szechwana Werny, 1966: 42, fig. 35. Type-locality: China, Sichuan, Siao-lou. Holotype ♂ (BMNH). Thyatira rubrescens orientalis Werny, 1966: 42, fig. 40. Type-locality: China, Shaanxi, Tapaishan. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK). Thyatira rubrescens kwangtungensis Werny, 1966: 43, fig. 36. Type-locality: China, Kwangtung, Lin-ping. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK). Thyatira rubrescens tienmushana Werny, 1966: 44, fig. 39. Type-locality: China, Chekiang, West Tien-mu-shan. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK). Thyatira rubrescens vietnamensis Werny, 1966: 46, fig. 48. Type-locality: Vietnam, Tuyen Quang. Holotype ♂ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Henan, Shaanxi, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet), India, Nepal, Vietnam.

Subsp. formosicola Matsumura, 1933

Thyatira batis formosicola Matsumura, 1933: 200. Type-locality: Formosa [Taiwan], Horisha. Syntypes (EIHU). Thyatira rubrescens wilemani Werny, 1966: 46, fig. 42. Type-locality: Formosa [Taiwan], Kanshirei. Holotype ♂ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Taiwan). Remarks. Laszlo et al. 2007 consider the presence or absence of the saccular process in T. batis rubrescens and T. batis formosicola as a variation among individuals. However, after examining of large series of specimens, we find that the specimens from Sichuan and Yunnan (three individuals) (fig. 10) do not have the saccular process, when other specimens (from Henan, Shaanxi, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Guizhou and Tibet) (12 individuals) have distinct saccular process (fig. 11). Possibly taxa rubrescens and formosicola could be partly sympatric distinct species, but further study is needed.

Genus Horithyatira Matsumura, 1933

Horithyatira Matsumura, 1933: 193. Type-species: Thyatira decorata Moore, 1881, by original designation.

Horithyatira decorata (Moore, 1881)

Thyatira decorata Moore, 1881: 328, pl. 37: 1. Type-locality: India, Sikkim, Darjeeling. Syntypes (MNHU).

Subsp. decorata (Moore, 1881)

Horithyatira decorata birmanica Bryk, 1944: 224. Type-locality: Burma. Horithyatira decorata thodungensis Werny, 1966: 140, fig. 74. Type-locality: Nepal. Horithyatira hoenei Werny, 1966: 149, figs 71, 265, 364. Type-locality: China, Yunnan, Li-kiang.

Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Hubei, Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet), Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, India, Vietnam.

Subsp. takamukui (Matsumura, 1921)

Thyatira takamukui Matsumura, 1921: 836. Type-locality: Formosa [Taiwan], Horisha. Type(s) (EIHU).

Distribution. China (Taiwan).

Gaurena Walker, 1865: 619. Type-species: Gaurena florens Walker, 1865, by subsequent designation by Hampson, 1893. Chlorogaurena Houlbert, 1921: 130. Type-species: Gaurena florens Walker, 1865, by subsequent designation by Werny, 1966 Cyclogaurena Houlbert, 1921: 129, 136. Type-species: Gaurena florescens Walker, 1865, by subsequent designation by Werny, 1966. Griseogaurena Houlbert, 1921: 130, 134. Type-species: Gaurena grisescens Oberthür, 1893, by subsequent designation by Werny, 1966.

Remarks. Genus Gaurena was originally placed in the Noctuidae.

Gaurena florens Walker, 1865

Gaurena florens Walker, 1865: 620. Type-locality: India, Darjeeling. Holotype ♀ (BMNH). Gaurena florens oliva Werny, 1966: 82, fig. 59. Type-locality: Burma. Gaurena florens obscura Werny, 1966: 80, fig. 60. Type-locality: Nepal. Gaurena florens yuennanensis Werny, 1966: 79, fig. 61. Type-locality: China, Yunnan, Li-kiang.

Distribution. China (Gansu, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet), India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand.

Gaurena florescens Walker, 1865

Gaurena florescens Walker, 1865: 620. Type-locality: India, Darjeeling. Lectotype ♀ (BMNH). Gaurena florescens albomaculata Werny, 1966: 87, fig. 63. Type-locality: Nepal. Gaurena florescens burmanica Werny, 1966: 85, fig. 64. Type-locality: Burma. Gaurena gemella flavescens Werny, 1966: 90. Type-locality: Nepal.

Distribution. China (Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet), India, Nepal, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Cambodia.

Gaurena gemella Leech, 1900

Gaurena gemella Leech, 1900: 13. Type-locality: China, Yunnan, Sichuan. Lectotype ♂ (BMNH). Horithyatira decorata: Zhao, 2004: 96, fig. 60, pl. 1: 18, 19.

Distribution. China (Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet), Nepal.

Gaurena pretiosa Werny, 1966

Gaurena pretiosa Werny, 1966: 126, figs 68, 261, 359. Type-locality: China, Yunnan, Li-kiang. Holotype ♂ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Yunnan). Remarks. The evidence for the distribution “Sichuan” recorded by Zhao (2004) was not revealed: all known material on this species is from Lijiang, Yunnan. So Sichuan should be deleted from the range area of this species.

Gaurena roesleri Werny, 1966

Gaurena roesleri Werny, 1966: 119, figs 53, 259, 357. Type-locality: China, Sichuan, Omei-shan. Holotype ♂ (CMNH).

A CHECKLIST OF THYATIRINAE FROM CHINA Zootaxa 3941 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press · 5 Distribution. China (Sichuan). Remarks. Laszlo et al. (2007) listed Yunnan as one of the distribution areas, but without any material recorded. We did not find specimen from Yunnan ourselves. So we have omitted this distribution record.

Gaurena nigrescens Werny, 1966

Gaurena nigrescens Werny, 1966: 98, figs 252, 349, 424. Type-locality: China, Sichuan, Sungpan. Holotype ♂ (CMNH).

Distribution. China (Sichuan).

Gaurena grisescens Oberthür, 1893

Gaurena grisescens Oberthür, 1893: 43, pl. 5, fig. 65. Type-locality: China, Sichuan, Ta-tsien-lou. Lectotype ♂ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet).

Gaurena sinuata Warren, 1912

Gaurena sinuata Warren, 1912: 326. Type-locality: China, Sichuan, Pu-tsu-fong. Lectotype ♂ (BMNH).

Subsp. sinuata Warren, 1912

Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan).

Subsp. fletcheri Werny, 1966

Gaurena fletcheri Werny, 1966: 130, figs 67, 263, 361. Type-locality: China, Shaanxi, Taibaishan. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK).

Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Gansu).

Subsp. dierli Werny, 1966

Gaurena dierli Werny, 1966: 133, figs 84, 264, 362. Type-locality: Nepal. Holotype ♂ (ZSM).

Distribution. China (Tibet), Nepal.

Gaurena argentisparsa Hampson, 1896

Gaurena argentisparsa Hampson, 1896: 462. Type-locality: China, Tibet, Yatong. Lectotype ♀ (BMNH). Gaurena argentisparsa eberti Werny, 1966: 114, fig. 80. Type-locality: Nepal.

Distribution. China (Tibet), India, Nepal, Bhutan.

Gaurena olivacea Houlbert, 1921

Gaurena olivacea Houlbert, 1921: 133. Type-locality: China, Sichuan, Ta-tsien-lou. Lectotype ♂ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan).

Gaurena aurofasciata Hampson, 1893: 181. Type-locality: Sikkim. Holotype ♂ (BMNH). Gaurena aurofasciata bryki Werny, 1966: 96, fig. 52. Type-locality: Burma.

Distribution. China (Yunnan), Myanmar, India.

Gaurena watsoni Werny, 1966

Gaurena watsoni Werny, 1966: 123, figs 86, 260, 358. Type-locality: China, Yunnan, Li-kiang. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK).

Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan), Vietnam.

Gaurena delattini Werny, 1966

Gaurena delattini Werny, 1966: 166, figs 56, 255, 352. Type-locality: China, Yunnan, Li-kiang. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK).

Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet).

Gaurena margaritha Werny, 1966

Gaurena margaritha Werny, 1966: 121, figs 65, 256, 354. Type-locality: China, Yunnan, Li-kiang. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK). Gaurena albifasciata likiangensis Werny, 1966: 108, fig. 78. Type-locality: China, Yunnan, Li-kiang.

Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet).

Gaurena albifasciata Gaede, 1930

Gaurena albifasciata Gaede, 1930: 660, pl. 85: c. Type-locality: China, Tibet, Yatong. Lectotype ♀ (BMNH). Gaurena albifasciata nepalensis Werny, 1966: 106, fig. 65. Type-locality: Nepal.

Distribution. China (Yunnan, Tibet), India, Nepal.

Gaurena forsteri Werny, 1966

Gaurena forsteri Werny, 1966: 101, figs 51, 254, 353. Type-locality: Nepal. Holotype ♂ (ZSM).

Distribution. China (Tibet), India, Nepal.

Genus Macrothyatira Marumo, 1916

Macrothyatira Marumo, 1916: 48. Type-species: Thyatira flavida Butler, 1885, by original designation. Haplothyatira Houlbert, 1921: 46 (key), 114. Type-species: Haplothyatira transitans Houlbert, 1921, by original designation. Melanocraspes Houlbert, 1921: 47 (key), 116. Type-species: Thyatira stramineata Warren, 1912, by original designation. Exothyatira Matsumura, 1933: 192. Type-species: Thyatira flavida Butler, 1885, by original designation.

Thyatira flavida Butler, 1885: 131. Type-locality: Japan, Hakodate. Holotype ♀ (BMNH).

Subsp. flavida (Butler, 1885)

Distribution. China (Taiwan), Southeast of Russia, Japan.

Subsp. tapaischana (Sick, 1941)

Thyatira tapaischana Sick, 1941: 2. Type-locality: China, Shaanxi, Taibaishan. Lectotype ♂ (ZFMK).

Distribution. China (Henan, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Sichuan, Yunnan).

Macrothyatira fasciata (Houlbert, 1921)

Melanocraspes fasciata Houlbert, 1921: 120, fig. 32. Type-locality: China, Yunnan, Tsekou. Lectotype ♂ (BMNH). Macrothyatira fasciata shansiensis Werny, 1966: 224, fig. 114. Type-locality: China, Shanxi, Mien-shan.

Distribution. China (Beijing, Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet).

Macrothyatira conspicua (Leech, 1900)

Thyatira conspicua Leech, 1900: 12. Type-locality: China, Sichuan, Pu-tsu-fong. Lectotype ♂ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Hunan, Fujian, Taiwan, Sichuan, Yunnan). Remarks. Zhao (2004) incorrectly included Tibet and Nepal in the distribution areas of this species. The material from Tibet which she included under this species belongs to Habrosyne intermedia conscripta Warren, 1912. These were more probably misplaced entries rather than misidentifications. The species is here recorded from Zhejiang for the first time.

Macrothyatira subaureata (Sick, 1941)

Melanocraspes subaureata Sick, 1941: 3. Type-locality: China, Yunnan, Li-kiang. Neotype ♂ (ZFMK).

Distribution. China (Yunnan). Remarks. Laszlo et al. (2007) treated M. danieli Werny, 1966, described from Nepal, as a subspecies of M. subaureata Sick, 1941 although with some doubts. Although the male genitalia of these two species are different in the shape of the valva and the carinal hooks, they still considered that the discovery of the female of M. subaureata would help to solve the problem. Here we give a figure of the female genitalia of M. subaureata (Fig. 31, Yunnan, Lijiang, Yulongshan, 3200 m, 15.VII.1980, coll. Wang Ziqing, slide no. Drep-00717). It has an elongate signum, in contrast to the almost round one in M. danieli. Thus, we restore M. subaureata danieli to specific rank as Macrothyatira danieli Werny, 1966, stat.rev., bona species.

Macrothyatira flavimargo (Leech, 1900)

Thyatira flavimargo Leech, 1900: 11. Type-locality: China, Sichuan, Pu-tsu-fong. Lectotype ♂ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan).

Thyatira arizana Wileman, 1910: 291. Type-locality: Formosa [Taiwan], Arizan. Holotype ♂ (BMNH).

Remarks. This species was incorrectly treated as a subspecies of M. flavimargo by Werny (1966). The treatment was accepted by Zhao (2004). Laszlo et al. (2007) restored Macrothyatira flavimargo arizana (Wileman, 1910) to specific rank.

Subsp. arizana (Wileman, 1910)

Distribution. China (Taiwan).

Subsp. diminuta (Houlbert, 1921)

Thyatira diminuta Houlbert, 1921: 107, fig. 4014. Type-locality: China, Yunnan, Tsekou. Holotype ♀ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan). Remarks. Laszlo et al. (2007) downgraded it to a subspecies of arizana first, but wrongly marked this nomenclature change as “stat. rev.” instead of "stat. nov.", on the page 84.

Macrothyatira oblonga (Poujade, 1887)

Thyatira oblonga Poujade, 1887: 49. Type-locality: China, Sichuan, Mou-pin. Holotype ♂ (MNHN). Thyatira hoenei Sick, 1941: 3. Type-locality: China, Yunnan, Li-kiang.

Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan). Remarks. Actually this species is known only from Sichuan and Yunnan. Other unsubstantiated records (Hunan, Shaanxi, Myanmar and India, without material examined) by Zhao (2004) should be deleted.

Macrothyatira labiata (Gaede, 1930)

Thyatira labiata Gaede, 1930: 658, pl. 85: b. Type-locality: Burma. Holotype ♂ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan), Myanmar, Thailand.

Macrothyatira transitans (Houlbert, 1921)

Haplothyatira transitans Houlbert, 1921: 114, pl. 488, fig. 4013. Type-locality: China: Yunnan: Tsekou. Holotype ♂ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Yunnan).

Macrothyatira stramineata (Warren, 1912)

Thyatira stramineata Warren, 1912: 324, pl. 55: n. Type-locality: India, Assam, Khasia Hills. Holotype ♂ (BMNH).

Remarks. The nominate subspecies is distributed in India and Thailand.

Subsp. likiangensis (Sick, 1941)

Thyatira likiangensis Sick, 1941: 2. Type-locality: China, Yunnan, Li-kiang. Lectotype ♂ (ZFMK).

Genus Nemacerota Hampson, 1893

Nemacerota Hampson, 1893: 177 (key), 185. Type-species: Asphalia cinerea Warren, 1888, by original designation. Togaria Matsumura, 1921: 842, 843. Type-species: Togaria suzukiana Matsumura, 1921, by original designation. Microthyatira Werny, 1966: 26 (key), 253. Type-species: Polyploca decorata Sick, 1941, by original designation.

Remarks. This genus was included in Zhao (2004) as Microthyatira and with only one species M. decorata (Sick, 1941).

Nemacerota decorata (Sick, 1941)

Polyploca decorata Sick, 1941: 5. Type-locality: China: Yunnan, Li-kiang. Lectotype ♂ (ZFMK).

Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan).

Nemacerota tancrei (Graeser, 1888)

Cymatophora tancrei Graeser, 1888: 151. Type-locality: Russia, Amurland, Raddefka. Holotype ♂ (MNHU). Togaria suzukiana Matsumura, 1921: 842, pl. 61, fig. 4. Type-locality: Japan, Honshu. Syntypes (EIHU). Togaria takaozana Matsumura, 1929: 167. Type-locality: Japan, Honshu. Palimpsestis hoenei Sick, 1941: 6. Type-locality: Japan, Kamikochi. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK). Palimpsestis tokotana Bryk, 1942: 34, pl. 2: 24. Type-locality: Russia, Kuril Islands, Urup, Tokonbai.

Distribution. China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, E. Inner Mongolia), Southeast of Russia, Japan, Korean Peninsula.

Nemacerota mandibulata Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007

Nemacerota mandibulata Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007: 128, fig. 88, pl. 13: 7–9. Type-locality: China, Shaanxi, Taibaishan. Holotype ♂ (MWM).

Distribution. China (Shaanxi).

Nemacerota taurina Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007

Nemacerota taurina Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007: 129, fig. 89, pl. 13: 10, 11. Type-locality: China, Shaanxi, Taibaishan. Holotype ♂ (HNHM).

Distribution. China (Shaanxi).

Nemacerota stueningi Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007

Nemacerota stueningi Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007: 130, fig. 90, pl. 13: 12–13. Type-locality: China, Shaanxi, Tapaishan. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK).

Distribution. China (Shaanxi).

Palimpsestis griseobaslis Sick, 1941: 6. Type-locality: China, Yunnan, Li-kiang. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK).

Distribution. China (Yunnan).

Nemacerota pectinata (Houlbert, 1921)

Palimpsestis pectinata Houlbert, 1921: 149, fig. 4009. Type-locality: China, Sichuan, Ta-tsien-lou. Holotype ♂ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi).

Nemacerota inouei Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007

Nemacerota inouei Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007: 135, fig. 97, pl. 14: 5–6. Type-locality: China, Shaanxi, Taibaishan. Holotype ♂ (MWM).

Distribution. China (Shaanxi).

Nemacerota owadai Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007

Nemacerota owadai Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007: 136, fig. 263, pl. 42: 1–3. Type-locality: China, Shaanxi, Taibaishan. Holotype ♂ (MWM).

Distribution. China (Shaanxi).

Genus Mesothyatira Werny, 1966

Mesothyatira Werny, 1966: 26 (key), 249. Type-species: Melanocraspes simplificata Houlbert, 1921, by original designation.

Mesothyatira simplificata (Houlbert, 1921)

Melanocraspes simplificata Houlbert, 1921: 122, fig. 4021. Type-locality: China: E. Tibet.

Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan).

Genus Tethea Ochsenheimer, 1816

Tethea Ochsenheimer, 1816: 64. Type-species: Noctua or Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775, by subsequent designation by Curtis, 1829. Palimpsestis Hübner, 1821: 237 (as 279). Type-species: Phalaena octogesimea Hübner, 1786, by subsequent designation by Warren, 1912. Bombycia Hübner, 1822: 22, 25, 26, 31, 34, 37, 38. Type-species: Noctua or Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775, by subsequent designation by Harvey, 1874. Ceropacha Stephens, 1829: 42. Type-species: Noctua or Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775, by subsequent designation by Westwood, 1840.

Remarks. The genus Tethea was originally placed in the Noctuidae. There are some mistakes in Zhao (2004) for this genus. For Tethea brunnea Zhao (2004) (nec Leech, 1900), see the remarks under Paragnorima fuscescens Hampson, 1893.

Tethea (Tethea) or (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)

Noctua or Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775: 87. Type-locality: Austria, Vienna district. Noctua ypsilon-graecum Goeze, 1781: 253. Type-locality: Europe. Phalaena (Noctua) gamma-graecum Retzius, 1783: 47. Type-locality: Europe. Noctua consobrina Borkhausen, 1790: 66, pl. 6: 4b. Type-locality: Europe. Noctua octogena Esper, 1791: 388, pl. 128: f5. Type-locality: Europe. Noctua gemina Beckwith, 1794: 4, pl. 1: 4–6. Type-locality: Europe. Palimpsestis rufa Houlbert, 1921: 148. Type-locality: Europe. Lectotype ♂ (BMNH). Palimpsestis or hela Rangnow, 1935: 205, pl. 3: 27a. Type-locality: Sweden, Lappland. Tethea or nigrescens Werny, 1966: 342, fig. 197. Type-locality: Germany, Saarbrücken. Holotype ♂ (CDS).

Remarks. The nominate subspecies is distributed from most part of Europe to Turkey, and represented in the continental part of East Asia by T. or terrosa (Graeser, 1888). Another subspecies, akanensis (Matsumura, 1933), is distributed in Japan.

Subsp. terrosa (Graeser, 1888)

Cymatophora or terrosa Graeser, 1888: 150. Type-locality: Russia, Amurland, Nikolaevsk. Cymatophora intermedia Houlbert, 1921: 178. Type-locality: Russia, Ussuri. Palimpsestis kurilensis Matsumura, 1929: 166. Type-locality: Russia, Kuril Islands, Iturup, Shana. Palimpsestis akanensis koreibia Bryk, 1948: 49. Type-locality: Korea, Motojondo.

Distribution. China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Beijing, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Xinjiang), Southeast of Russia, Mongolia, Korean Peninsula. Remarks. Zhao (2004) used “intermedia” for the Chinese subspecies name, and put the material from Xinjiang under the nominate subspecies. We correct these errors here.

Tethea (Tethea) ocularis (Linnaeus, 1767)

Phalaena (Noctua) ocularis Linnaeus, 1767: 837. Type-locality: Italy. Phalaena (Noctua) octogesimea Hübner, 1786: 13, [34], pl. 1, fig. G. Type-locality: Germany, Augsburg district. Tethea ocularis caucasica Werny, 1966: 332, fig. 179. Type-locality: Russia, S. Ural. Holotype ♂ (ZSM). Tethea ocularis kosswigi Werny, 1966: 336, fig. 185. Type-locality: Turkey, Kayseri. Holotype ♂ (CDS).

Subsp. opa Zolotuhin, 1997

Tethea ocularis opa Zolotuhin, 1997: 309. Type-locality: Uzbekistan. Holotype ♂ (ZRAS). Tethea ocularis ocularis: Zhao, 2004: 165.

Distribution. China (Xinjiang), Uzbekistan.

Subsp. amurensis (Warren, 1912)

Palimpsestis ocularis amurensis Warren, 1912: 327, pl. 56: a (originally as "amurensis B. Haas"). Type-locality: Not stated. Tethea ocularis tsinlingensis Werny, 1966: 337, fig. 181. Type-locality: China, Shaanxi, Tapaishan. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK).

Distribution. China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, Fujian), Southeast of Russia, Mongolia, Korean Peninsula.

Tethea (Tethea) ampliata (Butler, 1878)

Cymatophora ampliata Butler, 1878: 78. Type-locality: Japan. Holotype ♀ (BMNH).

Palimpsestis daisetruzana Matsumura, 1927a: 112. Type-locality: Japan, Hokkaido. Cymatophora ampliata angustimedia Warren, 1912: 329, pl. 49: g. Type-locality: Korea, Gensan. Cymatophora ampliata var. askoldensis Houlbert, 1921: 176. Type-locality: Russia, Askold.

Distribution. China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning), Southeast of Russia, Japan, Korean Peninsula.

Subsp. shansiensis Werny, 1966

Tethea ampliata shansiensis Werny, 1966: 354, fig. 200. Type-locality: China, Shanxi, Mien-shan. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK). Tethea ampliata griseofasciata Werny, 1966: 355. Type-locality: China, Chekiang, Tien-mu-shan. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK).

Distribution. China (Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan).

Subsp. grandis Okano, 1959

Tethea grandis Okano, 1959: 39. Type-locality: Taiwan, Puli-Wushe. Holotype ♂ (Okano coll.).

Distribution. China (Taiwan).

Tethea (Tethea) punctorenalia (Houlbert, 1921)

Cymotophora punctorenalia Houlbert, 1921: 183, fig. 4023. Type-locality: China, Sichuan, Ta-tsien-lou. Holotype ♀ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Sichuan). Remarks. Zhao (2004) treated this species as a subspecies of T. ampliata (Butler, 1878).

Tethea (Tethea) octogesima (Butler, 1878)

Cymatophora octogesima Butler, 1878: 78. Type-locality: Japan, Yokohama. Holotype ♀ (BMNH).

Remarks. Zhao (2004) treated this species as a subspecies of T. ocularis (Linnaeus, 1767).

Subsp. octogesima (Butler, 1878)

Cymatophora intensa Butler, 1881b: 234. Type-locality: Japan, Yokohama. Cymatophora angustata Staudinger, 1887: 231, pl. 17: 6. Type-locality: Russia, Amurland, Askold.

Distribution. China (Jilin, Shaanxi, Zhejiang), Southeast of Russia, Japan, Korean Peninsula.

Subsp. watanabei (Matsumura, 1931)

Saronaga watanabei Matsumura, 1931: 674, fig. 231. Type-locality: Formosa [Taiwan], Horisha. Syntypes (two ♂) (EIHU). Tethea intensa griseomacula Werny, 1966: 362, fig. 207. Type-locality: Formosa [Taiwan], Puli-Wushe. Holotype ♂ (MWM).

Distribution. China (Taiwan).

Tethea (Tethea) longisigna Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007

Tethea longisigna Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007: 110, fig. 70, pl. 11: 1–3. Type-locality: China, Yunnan, Simao. Holotype ♀ (MWM).

Tethea (Tethea) fusca Werny, 1966

Tethea fusca Werny, 1966: 364, figs 209, 325, 414. Type-locality: China, Yunnan, A-tun-tse. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK).

Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan).

Tethea (Tethea) albicostata (Bremer, 1861)

Cymatophora albicostata Bremer, 1861: 571. Type-locality: Russia, Ussuri.

Subsp. albicostata (Bremer, 1861)

Saronaga albicostata koreonaga Bryk, 1948: 47. Type-locality: Korea, Shuotsu. Holotype ♀ (NHRS). Tethea albicostata montana Werny, 1966: 375, fig. 212. Type-locality: China, Shaanxi, Tapaishan. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK). Tethea albicostata japonibia Werny, 1966: 373, fig. 210. Type-locality: Japan, Mt. Nii-yama. Tethea albicostata contrastata Werny, 1966: 377, fig. 211. Type-locality: China, Chekiang, Tien-mu-shan. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK).

Distribution. China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Hebei, Beijing, Shaanxi, Gansu, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan), Southeast of Russia, Korean Peninsula, Japan.

Subsp. subampliata (Houlbert, 1921) stat. nov. Figs 1, 12, 13, 22, 32

Cymatophora subampliata Houlbert, 1921: 179, fig. 4024. Type-locality: China, Yunnan, Tsé-kou. Lectotype ♂ (BMNH). Palimpsestis griseocostata Gaede, 1930: 661, pl. 85: d. Type-locality: Burma. Holotype ♂ (BMNH). Palimpsestis ro-album Bryk, 1943: 12, pl. 2: 20. Type-locality: Burma, Kambaiti. Holotype ♂ (NHRS).

Material examined. 1♂, China, Sichuan, Luding, Guzanjiangju, 1635 m, 21.V.2009, coll. Liang Hongbin, slide no. Drep-00626; 1♀, Sichuan, Dukou, Pingdi, 12.VI.1981, coll. Zhang Baolin; 1♂, Yunnan, Ruili, Wanding, Senlingongyuan, 900 m, 29.IV.2011, coll. Yang Xiushuai and Wangke, slide no. Drep-00887; 1♂, Yunnan, Yongsheng, Liude, 2250 m, 9.VII.1984, coll. Chen Yixin; 3♂1♀, Yunnan, Yongsheng, Liude, 2300–2500 m, 6–31.VII.1979, coll. Wang Ziqing and Yong Shengzu; 1♂, Yunnan, Xiaozhongdian, 3100 m, 6.VII.1979, coll. Yong Shengzu; 1♂1♀, Yunnan, Lijiang, Yulongshan, 2800 m, 6–20.VII.1979, coll. Wang Ziqing; 1♂, Yunnan, Lijinag, Yulongshan, 2800 m, 15.VII.1984, coll. Liu Dajun and Chen Yixin; 1♂, Yunnan, Lijiang, Mingyin, 2700 m, VII.1979, coll. Liyongzu; 1♂, Yunnan, Zhongdian, ChongJianghe, 4.VIII.1986, coll. Chen Yixin; 1♀, Yunnan, Binchuan, Jizushan, 2680 m,VIII.1959, coll. Binchuanzu; 1♂, Yunnan, Yongping, Beidou, Qianmatang, 2200 m, 11.VIII.1980, coll. Yongpingzu; 1♂, Yunnan, Queshan, 2300 m, coll. Queshanzu; 1♂, Yunnan, Wuding, Wansongshan, 2400 m, 17.V.1980, coll. Yongshengzu. Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan), Myanmar. Remarks. Laszlo et al. (2007) treated this subspecies as a species, mentioned its closest related species of T. albicostata, and gave the diagnosis. However, after examining our specimens, we find that the genital characters given in the diagnosis are variable within the species. The socii of T. subampliata sometimes are not slenderer than that of albicostata (fig. 12), the valva of T. subampliata sometimes is not broader (fig. 13), and the signum is not narrower (fig. 32). The external characters in the diagnosis could be considered as distinctions at subspecies level only. So it is reasonable to regard subampliata as a subspecies of T. albicostata.

14 · Zootaxa 3941 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press JIANG ET AL. FIGURES 1–9. Adults. 1, Tethea (Tethea) albicostata subampliata stat. nov., male; 2, Tethea (Saronaga) consimilis aurisigna, male; 3, Chiropsestis rubrocinerea, male; 4, Hiroshia albinigra, male; 5, Parapsestis cinerea pacifica, male; 6, Parapsestis hausmanni, male; 7, Stenopsestis bruna sp. nov., paratype, male; 8, Nothoploca nigripunctata fansipana, male; 9, Spica luteola, male. Scale bar = 1 cm.

Tethea (Tethea) trifolium (Alphéraky, 1895)

Cymatophora trifolium Alphéraky, 1895: 188. Type-locality: Russia, Sidemi. Holotype ♀ (ZRAS). Saronaga japonica Okano, 1952: 29. Type-locality: Japan, North Honshu.

Distribution. China (Heilongjiang, Jilin), Southeast of Russia, Japan.

Subgenus Saronaga Moore, 1881

Saronaga Moore, 1881: 330. Type-species: Thyatira albicosta Moore, 1867, by monotypy.

Tethea (Saronaga) oberthuri (Houlbert, 1921)

Saronaga oberthuri Houlbert, 1921: 194, fig. 52. Type-locality: China, Yunnan, Tsé-kou. Lectotype ♂ (BMNH).

Subsp. oberthuri (Houlbert, 1921)

Saronaga oberthuri monticola Bryk, 1943: 3. Type-locality: Burma, Kambaiti. Holotype ♂ (NHRS). Tethea oberthuri occidentalis Werny, 1966: 386, fig. 233. Type-locality: Sikkim. Holotype ♂ (BMNH). Tethea oberthuri chekiangensis Werny, 1966: 387, fig. 232. Type-locality: China, Chekiang, Tien-mu-shan. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK). Tethea oberthuri fukienensis Werny, 1966: 388, fig. 234. Type-locality: China, Fukien. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK).

Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Hainan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet), India, Nepal, Myanmar, Malaysia.

A CHECKLIST OF THYATIRINAE FROM CHINA Zootaxa 3941 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press · 15 FIGURES 10–15. Male genitalia. 10–11, Thyatira batis rubrescens; 12–13, Tethea (Tethea) albicostata subampliata stat. nov.; 14, Tethea (Saronaga) consimilis aurisigna; 15, Chiropsestis rubrocinerea. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Subsp. taiwana (Matsumura, 1931)

Saronaga taiwana Matsumura, 1931: 676, fig. 331. Type-locality: Formosa [Taiwan], Baibara. Holotype ♂ (EIHU). Tethea oberthuri wilemani Werny, 1966: 384, fig. 217. Type-locality: Formosa [Taiwan], Karapin. Holotype ♂ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Taiwan).

16 · Zootaxa 3941 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press JIANG ET AL. FIGURES 16–21. Male genitalia. 16, Hiroshia albinigra. 17, Parapsestis cinerea pacifica; 18, Parapsestis hausmanni; 19, Stenopsestis bruna sp. nov., holotype; 20, Nothoploca nigripunctata fansipana; 21, Spica luteola. Scale bar = 1 mm.

A CHECKLIST OF THYATIRINAE FROM CHINA Zootaxa 3941 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press · 17 FIGURES 22–30. Aedeagus. 22, Tethea (Tethea) albicostata subampliata stat. nov.; 23, Tethea (Saronaga) consimilis aurisigna; 24, Chiropsestis rubrocinerea; 25, Hiroshia albinigra; 26, Parapsestis cinerea pacifica; 27, Parapsestis hausmanni; 28, Stenopsestis bruna sp. nov., holotype; 29, Nothoploca nigripunctata fansipana; 30, Spica luteola. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Tethea (Saronaga) albicosta (Moore, 1867)

Thyatira albicosta Moore, 1867: 45. Type-locality: India, Assam, Khasia Hills. Lectotype ♀ (BMNH). Tethea albicosta birmanica Werny, 1966: 394, fig. 219. Type-locality: Burma, Kambaiti. Holotype ♂ (RMNH).

Distribution. China (Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Tibet), India, Nepal, Myanmar.

Tethea (Saronaga) consimilis (Warren, 1912)

Saronaga consimilis Warren, 1912: 321, pl. 49: f. Type-locality: Japan. Lectotype ♂ (BMNH).

Subsp. consimilis (Warren, 1912)

Tethea consimilis birohoensis Werny, 1966: 399, fig. 235. Type-locality: Korea, Biroho. Holotype ♀ (ZFMK). Tethea consimilis hoenei Werny, 1966: 405. Type-locality: China, Chekiang, Tien-mu-shan. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK). Tethea consimilis flavescens Werny, 1966: 406, fig. 220. Type-locality: China, Fukien. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK).

18 · Zootaxa 3941 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press JIANG ET AL. Distribution. China (Jilin, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi), Southeast of Russia, Japan, Korean Peninsula.

Subsp. commifera Warren, 1912

Saronaga commifera Warren, 1912: 322, pl. 55: m. Type-locality: India, Sabathu. Holotype ♂ (BMNH). Tethea consimilis szechwanensis Werny, 1966: 407, fig. 221. Type-locality: China, Sichuan. Holotype ♂ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet), India, Nepal.

Subsp. aurisigna Bryk, 1943 Figs 2, 14, 23, 33.

Saronaga commifera aurisigna Bryk, 1943: 4. Type-locality: Burma, Kambaiti. Holotype ♂ (NHRS).

Material examined. 5♂, China, Hainan, Lingshui, Diaoluoshan, 930–945 m, 11–12.XII.2007, 29–31.III.2008, coll. Li Jing et al., slide no. Drep-00541; 5♂, Hainan, Wuzhishan, 727 m, 6.XII.2007, coll. Li Jing; 1♂, Hainan, Jianfengling, 20.I.1982; 7♂2♀, Hainan, Ledong, Jianfengling, Tianchi, 828–982 m, 5.V.2007, 14–17.XII.2007, 23–26.XI.2008, coll. Li Jing et al.; 9♂, Hainan, Ledong, Jianfengling, Mingfenggu, 983 m, 6.XII.2009, coll. Yang Chao, slide no. Drep-00872; 1♂, Hainan, Ledong, Jianfengling, Sichang, 666 m, 5.XII.2009, coll. Yang Chao; 2♂, Hainan, Bawangling, Dong’er Linchang, 1015 m, 19.XII.2007, coll. Li Jing; 2♂1♀, Hainan, Baisha, Yinggeling, 434–619 m, 5.IV.2008, 17–19.XI.2009, coll. Yang Chao et al., slide no. Drep-00871 (♀). (IZCAS) Distribution. China (Hainan), Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia. Remarks. This subspecies is recorded from China for the first time.

Subsp. c-album (Matsumura, 1931)

Saronaga c-album Matsumura, 1931: 675. Type-locality: Formosa [Taiwan], Baibara. Holotype ♂ (EIHU).

Distribution. China (Taiwan).

Genus Tetheella Werny, 1966

Tetheella Werny, 1966: 25 (key), 409. Type-species: Noctua fluctuosa Hübner, 1803, by original designation.

Distribution. Palaearctic Region.

Tetheella fluctuosa (Hübner, 1803)

Noctua fluctuosa Hübner, 1803: pl. 44, fig. 212. Type-locality: Germany. Palimpsestis fluctuosa isshikii Matsumura, 1921: 847, pl. 61: 8. Type-locality: Japan, Hokkaido. Palimpsestis hirayamai Matsumura, 1933: 196, pl. 4: 6. Type-locality: Japan, Honshu, Nikko. Holotype ♀ (EIHU).

Distribution. China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Hebei), Russia, Japan, Korean Peninsula, Europe.

Genus Toxoides Hampson, 1893

Toxoides Hampson, 1893: 177 (key), 185. Type-species: Toxoides longipennis Hampson, 1893, by original designation.

A CHECKLIST OF THYATIRINAE FROM CHINA Zootaxa 3941 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press · 19 FIGURES 31–36. Female genitalia. 31, Macrothyatira subaureata; 32, Tethea (Tethea) albicostata subampliata stat. nov.; 33, Tethea (Saronaga) consimilis aurisigna; 34, Parapsestis cinerea pacifica; 35, Stenopsestis bruna sp. nov., paratype; 36, Spica luteola. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Toxoides undulatus (Moore, 1867)

Osica undulatus Moore, 1867: 45. Type-locality: India, Khasia Hills. Holotype ♀ (BMNH). Toxoides longipennis Hampson, 1893: 186, fig. 116. Type-locality: Sikkim. Holotype ♂ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Yunnan), India, Myanmar, Nepal, Vietnam, Thailand.

Genus Euparyphasma Fletcher, 1979

Euparyphasma Fletcher, 1979: 83. Type-species: Polyploca albibasis Hampson, 1893, by original designation. Lithocharis Warren, 1912: 321. Type-species: Polyploca albibasis Hampson, 1893, by original designation. [Junior homonym of Lithocharis Dejean, 1833 - Coleoptera.]

Euparyphasma albibasis (Hampson, 1893)

Polyploca albibasis Hampson, 1893: 184. Type-locality: Sikkim. Lectotype ♀ (BMNH).

Subsp. guankaiyuni Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007

Euparyphasma albibasis guankaiyuni Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007: 141, fig. 101, pl. 14: 15–17. Type-locality: China, Shaanxi, Taibaishan. Holotype ♂ (MWM).

Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi).

Subsp. cinereofusca (Houlbert, 1921)

Lithocharis cinereofusca Houlbert, 1921: 52, fig. 5. Type-locality: China, Yunnan, Wéi-si-bahand. Lectotype ♂ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan), Vietnam.

Euparyphasma maxima (Leech, 1888)

Cymatophora maxima Leech, 1888: 653, pl. 32: 9. Type-locality: Japan, Oiwake. Lectotype ♂ (BMNH). Euparyphasma obscura: Zhao, 2004: 197.

Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan), Japan, Korean Peninsula.

Euparyphasma obscura (Sick, 1941)

Lithocharis obscura Sick, 1941: 9. Type-locality: China, Yunnan, Li-kiang. Lectotype ♂ (ZFMK).

Distribution. China (Yunnan), Vietnam. Remarks. Zhao (2004) wrongly recorded the distribution of this species as “Hubei, Hunan, Yunnan, Shaanxi; Japan”, on the basis of specimens from Hunan and Shaanxi which were misidentified as E. maxima (Leech, 1888).

Genus Chaeopsestis Le Cerf, 1941

Chaeopsestis Le Cerf, 1941: 94. Type-species: Chaeopsestis ludovicae Cerf, 1941, by original designation.

Chaeopsestis ludovicae Le Cerf, 1941

Chaeopsestis ludovicae Le Cerf, 1941: 94, figs 1–4. Type-locality: Vietnam, Tonkin. Syntypes 2♂4♀ (MNHN).

Distribution. China (Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan), Vietnam, Thailand.

Neotogaria Matsumura, 1933, Insecta matsum., 7 (4): 195. Type-species: Neotogaria saitonis Matsumura, 1931, by original designation.

Neotogaria flammifera (Houlbert, 1921)

Spilobasis flammifera Houlbert, 1921: 154, fig. 4012. Type-locality: China, Yunnan, Tsékou. Holotype ♂ (BMNH). Spilobasis curvata Sick, 1941: 8. Type-locality: China, Chekiang, Ost-Tiem-mu-Shan. Lectotype ♀ (ZFMK).

Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Taiwan, Yunnan), Vietnam.

Neotogaria saitonis Matsumura, 1931

Neotogaria saitonis Matsumura, 1931: 672, no. 313, fig. Type-locality: Formosa [Taiwan], Baibara. Syntypes (EIHU).

Subsp. saitonis Matsumura, 1931

Distribution. China (Taiwan).

Subsp. sinjaevi Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007

Neotogaria saitonis sinjaevi Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007: 148, fig. 106, pl. 15: 10–12. Type-locality: China, Shaanxi, Taibaishan. Holotype ♂ (MWM).

Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Yunnan), Vietnam.

Neotogaria hoenei (Sick, 1941)

Spilobasis hoenei Sick, 1941: 8. Type-locality: China, Yunnan, Li-kiang. Lectotype ♀ (ZFMK). Neotogaria flammifera: Zhao, 2004: 199, pl. 4: 63. Neotogaria anguligera: Zhao, 2004: 200, 4: 200, pl. 4: 64.

Distribution. China (Guangdong, Yunnan), Thailand. Remarks. This species was not included in Zhao (2004). Both Neotogaria flammifera (Houlbert, 1921) and N. anguligera (Hampson, 1893) in Zhao (2004) were misidentifications of N. hoenei (Sick, 1941). The true N. anguligera (Hampson, 1893) has not been recorded in China so far.

Genus Koedfoltos Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007

Koedfoltos Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007: 155. Type-species: Koedfoltos parducka Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007, by original designation.

Koedfoltos hackeri Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007

Koedfoltos hackeri Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007: 157, fig. 114, pl. 16: 18. Type-locality: Jiangxi-Fujian border. Holotype ♂ (MWM).

Distribution. China (Jiangxi, Fujian).

Horipsestis Matsumura, 1933: 193. Type-species: Horipsestis teikichiana Matsumura, 1933, by original designation. Neochropacha Inoue, 1982: 422. Type-species: Polyploca aenea Wileman, 1911, by original designation.

Horipsestis aenea (Wileman, 1911)

Polyploca aenea Wileman, 1911a: 150. Type-locality: Formosa [Taiwan], Kanshirei. Lectotype ♂ (BMNH).

Subsp. aenea (Wileman, 1911)

Horipsestis teikichiana Matsumura, 1933: 193, pl. 4, figs 13, 31. Type-locality: Formosa [Taiwan], Horisha. Holotype ♂ (EIHU).

Distribution. China (Taiwan).

Subsp. minor (Sick, 1941)

Spilobasis minor Sick, 1941: 9. Type-locality: China, Chekiang, West-Tien-Mu-Shan. Lectotype ♂ (ZFMK).

Distribution. China (Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan).

Horipsestis minutus (Forbes, 1936)

Psidopaloides minutus Forbes, 1936: 785, fig. 2, pl. 3:13. Type-locality: China, Sichuan, Kwan-shien. Syntypes (CUIC)

Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Hubei, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan).

Horipsestis mushana (Matsumura, 1931)

Palimpsestis mushana Matsumura, 1931: 674, No. 321. Type-locality: Formosa [Taiwan]. Syntypes (EIHU).

Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Taiwan, Sichuan), Japan.

Horipsestis kisvaczak Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007

Horipsestis kisvaczak Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007: 164, fig. 121, pl. 17: 16–18. Type-locality: Thailand, Changwat Chiang Mai. Holotype ♂ (MWM).

Distribution. China (Yunnan), Vietnam, Thailand, Laos. Remarks. This species was firstly reported from China by Zhang and Han (2010).

Genus Isopsestis Werny, 1968

Isopsestis Werny, 1968: 113. Type-species: Palimpsestis cuprina Moore, 1881, by original designation.

Isopsestis cuprina (Moore, 1881)

Palimpsestis cuprina Moore, 1881: 331, pl. 37, fig. 3. Type-locality: India, Darjeeling. Lectotype ♂ (MNHU).

A CHECKLIST OF THYATIRINAE FROM CHINA Zootaxa 3941 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press · 23 Distribution. China (Tibet), India, Nepal. Remarks. Zhao (2004) included this species with material recorded from Sichuan and Yunnan. The specimens from Sichuan in fact belong to I. naumanni, and no specimens from Yunnan were found, so these distribution records are omitted here.

Isopsestis naumanni Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007

Isopsestis naumanni Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007: 171, fig. 126, pl. 18: 10–11. Type-locality: China, Shaanxi, Tapaishan. Holotype ♀ (ZFMK). Isopsestis cuprina: Zhao, 2004: 202, fig. 118, pl. 4: 66.

Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei, Guangxi, Sichuan).

Isopsestis moorei Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007

Isopsestis moorei Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007: 170, fig. 125, pl.18: 7–9. Type-locality: China, Shaanxi, Tapaishan. Holotype ♀ (MWM).

Distribution. China (Shaanxi).

Genus Ochropacha Wallengren, 1871

Ochropacha Wallengren, 1871: 229. Type-species: Phalaena duplaris Linnaeus, 1761, by subsequent designation by Fletcher, 1966.

Ochropacha duplaris (Linnaeus, 1761)

Phalaena duplaris Linnaeus, 1761: 352. Type-locality: Sweden. Noctua ruficollis Brahm, 1791: 345. Type-locality: Europe. Noctua bicolor Esper, 1791: 70, pl. 197: 4. Type-locality: Europe. Noctua bipuncta Borkhausen, 1792: 627. Type-locality: Europe. Bombyx binotata Fabricius, 1793: 486. Type-locality: Europe. Noctua undosa Hübner, 1804: pl. 44: 211. Type-locality: Europe. Palimpsestis duplaris kamschadalis Sheljuzhko, 1926: 61. Type-locality: Russia, Kamchatka Peninsula, Petropavlovsk. Palimpsestis duplaris subalpina Hartig, 1938: 251. Type-locality: Italy, Madonna di Campiglio.

Distribution. China (Jilin), Russia, Japan, Korean Peninsula, Central Asia to Europe. Remarks. This very widely distributed species was not included in Zhao (2004).

Genus Psidopala Houlbert, 1921

Psidopala Houlbert, 1921: 46 (key), 93. Type-species: Thyatira opalescens Alphéraky, 1897, by original designation. Psidopaloides Houlbert, 1921: 46 (key), 97. Type-species: Thyatira apicalis Leech, 1900, by original designation. Formotogaria Matsumura, 1933: 192. Type-species: Formotogaria shirakii Matsumura, 1931, by original designation.

Psidopala opalescens (Alphéraky, 1897)

Thyatira opalescens Alphéraky, 1897: 135, pl. 9, fig. 7. Type-locality: China: Szechwan, Tchin-Kiai, N. of Ta-tsien-lou. Lectotype ♀ (ZRAS).

Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet), Myanmar.

Thyatira undulans Hampson, 1893: 283. Type-locality: India, Assam, Khasis. Holotype ♀ (BMNH). Psidopala ebba Bryk, 1943: 7, pl. 1: 11, 13. Type-locality: Burma, Kambaiti. Holotype ♂ (NHRS).

Distribution. China (Tibet), Myanmar, India.

Psidopala pennata (Wileman, 1914)

Thyatira pennata Wileman, 1914: 268. Type-locality: Formosa [Taiwan], Arizan. Holotype ♂ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Taiwan).

Psidopala shirakii (Matsumura, 1931)

Formotogaria shirakii Matsumura, 1931: 669, No. 299, fig. Type-locality: Formosa [Taiwan], Musha, Horisha, Funkiko. Syntypes 4♀ (EIHU).

Distribution. China (Taiwan).

Psidopala kishidai Yoshimoto, 1987

Psidopala kishidai Yoshimoto, 1987a: 278. Type-locality: Taiwan, Nantou, Lushan. Holotype ♂ (NSMT).

Distribution. China (Taiwan).

Psidopala roseola Werny, 1966

Psidopala roseola Werny, 1966: 198, figs 100, 282. Type-locality: China, Shaanxi, Tapaishan. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK).

Distribution. China (Shaanxi).

Psidopala paeoniola Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007

Psidopala paeoniola Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007: 181, fig. 137, pl. 19: 19–21. Type-locality: China, Shaanxi, Dabashan. Holotype ♂ (MWM).

Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Gansu).

Psidopala apicalis (Leech, 1900)

Thyatira apicalis Leech, 1900: 11. Type-locality: China: Sichuan, Ni-tou. Holotype ♀ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Gansu, Ningxia, Hubei, Sichuan). Remarks. Zhao (2004) recorded Shaanxi as part of the range area of this species, but without a specimen record. We have not so far found any material from Shaanxi. It is quite possible that this species will be found in this province because we have tens of specimens from Gansu, Ningxia and Hubei, which are all around Shaanxi. However, we have omitted Shaanxi from the range area for the moment.

Psidopala warreni Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007: 183, fig. 135, pl. 19: 14–15. Type-locality: China, Shaanxi, Dabashan. Holotype ♂ (MWM).

Distribution. China (Shaanxi).

Psidopala ornata Leech, 1900

Psidopala ornata Leech, 1900: 12. Type-locality: China, Sichuan, Wassukou. Lectotype ♀ (BMNH). Psidopala ornata yuennanensis Werny, 1966: 183, fig. 96. Type-locality: China, Sichuan, Ta-tsien-lou. Holotype ♀ (BMNH). Psidopala pseudornata Werny, 1966: 185, figs 101, 281, 377. Type-locality: China, Yunnan, Li-kiang. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK). Psidopala pseudornata indecorata Werny, 1966: 188, fig. 102. Type-locality: China, Yunnan, A-tun-tse. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK).

Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan). Remarks. Zhao (2004) pointed out that the type-locality and the morphology of P. ornata yuennanensis was the same as P. ornata Leech, 1900 and hence that the subspecies was not valid. Laszlo et al. (2007) synonymized the name with P. ornata in the nomenclatory sense.

Psidopala tenuis (Hampson, 1896)

Gaurena tenuis Hampson, 1896: 462. Type-locality: China, Tibet, Yatong. Holotype ♀ (BMNH). Psidopala tenuis falkneri Werny, 1966: 263, figs 87, 95. Type-locality: Nepal, Koshi. Holotype ♂ (ZSM).

Distribution. China (Tibet), India, Nepal.

Genus Habrosyne Hübner, 1821

Habrosyne Hübner, 1821: 236. Type-species: Phalaena derasa Linnaeus, 1767, by monotypy. Gonophora Bruand, 1845: 89. Type-species: Phalaena derasa Linnaeus, 1767, by monotypy. Cymatochrocis Houlbert, 1921: 45 (key), 88. Type-species: Gonophora dieckmanni Graeser, 1888, by original designation. Hannya Matsumura, 1927b: 15. Type-species: Thyatira violacea Fixsen, 1887, by original designation (but cited as olivacea, an incorrect subsequent spelling). Miothyatira Matsumura, 1933: 194. Type-species: Gonophora aurorina Butler, 1881, by original designation. Habrosynula Bryk, 1943: 6. Type-species: Habrosyne argenteipuncta Hampson, 1893, by monotypy.

Habrosyne pyritoides (Hufnagel, 1766)

Phalaena (Noctua) pyritoides Hufnagel, 1766: 400. Type-locality: Germany, vicinity of Berlin. Phalaena (Noctua) derasa Linnaeus, 1767: 851. Type-locality: Europe.

Remarks. The nominate subspecies is widely distributed in the greater part of Europe and the Central Asia (N. Iran).

Subsp. derasoides (Butler, 1878)

Gonophora pyritoides derasoides Butler, 1878: 77. Type-locality: Japan, Hakodate. Holotype ♂ (BMNH). Habrosyne pyritoides ochracea Werny, 1966: 262, fig. 174. Type-locality: Russia, Amur.

Distribution. China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Beijing, Hebei), Southeast of Russia, Japan, Korean Peninsula.

Thyatira intermedia Bremer, 1864: 46. Type-locality: Russia, Ussuri “Zwischen dem Noor und Ema”.

Subsp. intermedia (Bremer, 1864)

Distribution. China (Heilongjiang), Southeast of Russia, Japan, Korean Peninsula.

Subsp. conscripta Warren, 1912

Habrosyne conscripta Warren, 1912: 323. Type-locality: China, Sichuan, Wa-ssu-kou. Holotype ♂ (BMNH). Habrosyne conscripta nepalensis Werny, 1966: 268, figs 162, 168. Type-locality: Nepal, Koshi. Lectotype ♂ (ZSM).

Distribution. China (Hebei, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet), India, Nepal.

Habrosyne pterographa (Poujade, 1887)

Thyatira pterographa Poujade, 1887: 135. Type-locality: China, Sichuan, Mou-pin. Holotype ♂ (MNHN). Gonophora thibetana Houlbert, 1921: 81, fig. 19. Type-locality: China, Sichuan, Ta-tsien-lou. Holotype ♂ (BMNH). Habrosyne petrographa (sic!) tapaischana Werny, 1966: 271, fig. 159. Type-locality: China, Shaanxi, Tapaishan. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK).

Distribution. China (Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Hunan, Jiangxi, Hubei, Fujian, Taiwan, Sichuan, Yunnan).

Habrosyne indica (Moore, 1867)

Gonophora indica Moore, 1867: 44. Type-locality: India, Bengal. Lectotype ♂ (BMNH).

Subsp. indica Moore, 1867

Habrosyne fraterna malaisei Bryk, 1943: 6. Type-locality: Burma, Kambaiti. Holotype ♂ (NHRS). Habrosyne fraterna chekiangensis Werny, 1966: 275, fig. 152. Type-locality: China, Chekiang, Tien-mu-shan. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK). Habrosyne fraterna japonica Werny, 1966: 276, fig. 149. Type-locality: Japan, Takao-shan. Habrosyne indica grisea Werny, 1966: 279, fig. 147. Type-locality: Burma, Kambaiti. Holotype ♂ (NHRS). Habrosyne indica flavescens Werny, 1966: 282, fig. 141. Type-locality: Japan, Arima. Holotype ♂ (BMNH). Habrosyne indica aurata Werny, 1966: 280, fig. 145. Type-locality: China, Sichuan, Wa-ssu-kou. Holotype ♂ (BMNH). Habrosyne fraterna: Zhao, 2004: 148, fig. 92, pl. 3: 53.

Distribution. China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet), Japan, India, Nepal, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand. Remarks. Most figures in plate 3 of Zhao (2004) were wrongly numbered. The species “Habrosyne fraterna Moore, 1888” is the figure 53, not figure 40 as labeled on the page 148 and the plate 3.

Subsp. formosana Werny, 1966

Habrosyne indica formosana Werny, 1966: 281, fig. 144. Type-locality: Formosa [Taiwan], Rantaizan. Holotype ♂ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Taiwan).

Habrosyne sanguinea Moore, 1882: 90. Type-locality: India, Sikkim, Darjeeling. Lectotype ♂ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Tibet), India, Nepal.

Habrosyne albipuncta (Wileman, 1911)

Thyatira albipuncta Wileman, 1911a: 30. Type-locality: Formosa [Taiwan], Arizan. Holotype ♂ (BMNH).

Subsp. albipuncta (Wileman, 1910)

Distribution. China (Taiwan).

Subsp. angulifera (Gaede, 1930)

Thyatira angulifera Gaede, 1930: 659, pl. 85: b. Type-locality: Burma. Holotype ♂ (BMNH). Habrosyne albipuncta szechwanensis Werny, 1966: 290, fig. 142. Type-locality: China, Sichuan, Omei-shan. Holotype ♂ (CMNH).

Distribution. China (Fujian, Sichuan, Yunnan), Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand.

Habrosyne violacea (Fixsen, 1887)

Thyatira violacea Fixsen, 1887: 352, pl. 15, fig. 11. Type-locality: Korea. Lectotype ♂ (ZRAS).

Remarks. Werny (1966) named 5 subspecies which were all treated as synonyms by Laszlo et al. (2007), and only the nominate subspecies and the subsp. argenteipuncta Hampson, 1893 were recognised. But Laszlo et al. (2007) wrongly marked Habrosyne violacea argenteipuncta Hampson, 1893 as “stat. nov.” and “comb. nov.”. In fact, Zhao (2004) had already treated it as a subspecies; since its original combination of the name argenteipuncta is with the genus Habrosyne, neither is there any change of status.

Subsp. violacea (Fixsen, 1887)

Habrosyne argenteipuncta chinensis Werny, 1966: 293, fig. 128. Type-locality: China, Chekiang, Tien-mu-shan. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK). Habrosyne argenteipuncta szechwana Werny, 1966: 298, fig. 133. Type-locality: China, Sichuan, Wa-ssu-kou. Holotype ♂ (BMNH). Habrosyne argenteipuncta pallescens Werny, 1966: 299, fig. 129. Type-locality: China, Shaanxi, Tapaishan. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK).

Distribution. China (Jilin, Shaanxi, Gansu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Hainan, Sichuan), Southeast of Russia, Korean Peninsula.

Subsp. argenteipuncta Hampson, 1893

Habrosyne argenteipuncta Hampson, 1893: 179. Type-locality: Sikkim. Holotype ♀ (BMNH). Habrosyne argenteipuncta nigricans Werny, 1966: 294, fig. 127. Type-locality: Nepal, Jiri. Holotype ♂ (ZSM). Habrosyne argenteipuncta burmanica Werny, 1966: 297, fig. 130. Type-locality: Burma, Kambaiti. Holotype ♂ (NHRS).

Distribution. China (Yunnan, Tibet), India, Nepal, Myanmar, Vietnam.

Habrosyne dentata Werny, 1966: 305, figs 134, 302, 399. Type-locality: China, Yunnan, Li-kiang. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK).

Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan).

Habrosyne dieckmanni (Graeser, 1888)

Gonophora dieckmanni Graeser, 1888: 148. Type-locality: Russia: Amur district, Nicolajefsk. Habrosyne roseola Matsumura, 1909: 79, pl. 11: 16. Type-locality: Japan, Hokkaido. Habrosyne dieckmanni urupina Bryk, 1941: 157. Type-locality: Russia, Kuril Islands, Urup, Tokonbai.

Distribution. China (Heilongjiang, Jilin), Southeast of Russia, Japan, Korean Peninsula.

Genus Polydactylos Mell, 1942

Polydactylos Mell, 1942: 302. Type-species: Polydactylos aprilinus Mell, 1942, by monotypy.

Remarks. This genus was not included in Zhao (2004).

Polydactylos aprilinus Mell, 1942

Polydactylos aprilinus Mell, 1942: 302, Abb. 4, figs 1–5. Type-locality: China, Kwantung [Guangdong]. Syntypes 9♂2♀ (MNHU).

Distribution. China (Zhejiang, Guangdong, Hainan), Vietnam.

Genus Mimopsestis Matsumura, 1921

Mimopsestis Matsumura, 1921: 854, 855. Type-species: Palimpsestis basalis Wileman, 1911, by original designation. [(but published by Wileman as Palimpsestes, an incorrect subsequent spelling)] Spilobasis Houlbert, 1921: 47 (key), 151. Type-species: Palimpsestis basalis Wileman, 1911, by original designation.

Mimopsestis basalis Wileman, 1911

Palimpsestis basalis Wileman, 1911b: 282, pl. 30: 24. Type-locality: Japan: Nikko. Holotype ♀ (BMNH).

Subsp. sinensis Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007

Mimopsestis basalis sinensis Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007: 211, fig. 164, pl. 23: 16–18. Type-locality: China, Hubei, Tapieh-shan. Holotype ♀ (MWM).

Distribution. China (Henan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan).

Genus Toelgyfaloca Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007

Toelgyfaloca Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007: 211. Type-species: Spilobasis circumdata Houlbert, 1921, by original designation.

Remarks. Species of this genus were not included in Zhao (2004).

Spilobasis albogrisea Mell, 1942: 301, fig. 6. Type-locality: China, Kwantung [Guangdong]. Syntypes (MNHU).

Distribution. China (Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Sichuan).

Toelgyfaloca circumdata (Houlbert, 1921)

Spilobasis circumdata Houlbert, 1921: 153, pl. 88: 4011. Type-locality: China, Sichuan, Ta-tsien-lou. Holotype ♂ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Beijing, Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan).

Genus Chiropsestis Laszlo, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2001

Chiropsestis Laszlo, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2001: 57. Type-species: Chiropsestis rubrocinerea Laszlo, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2001, by original designation.

Remarks. This genus and the following species are recorded from China for the first time.

Chiropsestis rubrocinerea Laszlo, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2001 Figs 3, 15, 24.

Chiropsestis rubrocinerea Laszlo, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2001: 58, figs 20, 62. Type-locality: Vietnam, Tam Dao. Holotype ♂ (HNHM).

Material examined. 2♂, China, Hainan, Diaoluoshan, 929 m, 11–12.XII.2007, coll. Li Jing, slide nos Drep-00625, Drep-00909; 1♀, Hainan, Jianfengling, 17.I.1983, coll. Gu Maobin (Abdomen missing). (IZCAS) Distribution. China (Hainan), Vietnam.

Genus Hiroshia Laszlo, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2001

Hiroshia Laszlo, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2001: 59. Type-species: Hiroshia albinigra Laszlo, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2001, by original designation.

Remarks. This genus and the following species are recorded in China for the first time.

Hiroshia albinigra Laszlo, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2001 Figs 4, 16, 25.

Hiroshia albinigra Laszlo, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2001: 60, figs 21, 22, 63, 71. Type-locality: Vietnam, Fan-si-pan Mts. Holotype ♂ (MWM).

Material examined. 2♂, China, Yunnan, Shipingba, 1500 m, 15.VI.1975, coll. Liu Qiujin, slide no. Drep-00329. (IZCAS) Distribution. China (Yunnan), Vietnam.

Genus Wernya Yoshimoto, 1987

Wernya Yoshimoto, 1987b: 39. Type-species: Palimpsestis lineofracta Houlbert, 1921, by original designation.

Wernya cyrtoma Xue, Yang & Han, 2012: 350, 355, figs 5, 6, 11, 12, 14. Type-locality: China, Fujian, Mt. Wuyi. Holotype ♂ (IZCAS).

Distribution. China (Jiangxi, Fujian).

Wernya hamigigantea Xue, Yang & Han, 2012

Wernya hamigigantea Xue, Yang & Han, 2012: 350, 353, figs 1, 2, 7, 8. Type-locality: China, Hainan, Ledong. Holotype ♂ (IZCAS).

Distribution. China (Hainan).

Wernya lineofracta (Houlbert, 1921)

Palimpsestis lineofracta Houlbert, 1921: 150, pl. 489, fig. 4002. Type-locality: China: Sichuan, Ta-tsien-lou. Lectotype ♂ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan).

Wernya sechuana Laszlo, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2001

Wernya sechuana Laszlo, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2001: 37, figs 1–2, 49, 65. Type-locality: China, Sichuan, Daliang Shan. Holotype ♂ (MWM).

Distribution. China (Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan).

Wernya rufifasciata Yoshimoto, 1987

Wernya rufifasciata Yoshimoto, 1987b: 42. Type-locality: Formosa [Taiwan], Lantou Shien [Nantou County]. Holotype ♂ (NSMT).

Distribution. China (Taiwan).

Wernya thailandica Yoshimoto, 1987

Wernya thailandica Yoshimoto, 1987b: 46, figs 3, 4. Type-locality: Thailand, Chiang Mai. Holotype ♂ (UOPJ).

Subsp. pallescens Laszlo, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2001

Wernya thailandica pallescens Laszlo, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2001: 48, figs 12–13, 57, 69. Type-locality: North Vietnam, Fan-si- pan Mts. Holotype ♂ (MWM).

Distribution. China (Yunnan), Vietnam.

Wernya griseochrysa Laszlo, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2001

Wernya griseochrysa Laszlo, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2001: 53, figs 18–19, 60–61. Type-locality: North Vietnam, Tam Dao. Holotype ♂ (HNHM).

Wernya griseochrysa hainanensis Xue, Yang & Han, 2012: 350, 355, figs 3, 4, 9, 10. Type-locality: China, Hainan, Bawangling. Holotype ♂ (IZCAS).

Distribution. China (Hainan).

Genus Parapsestis Warren, 1912

Parapsestis Warren, 1912: 329. Type-species: Cymatophora argenteopicta Oberthür, 1879, by original designation. Baipsestis Matsumura, 1933: 190. Type-species: Parapsestis baibarana Matsumura, 1931, by original designation. Suzupsestis Matsumura, 1933: 199. Type-species: Parapsestis albida Suzuki, 1916, by original designation.

Parapsestis argenteopicta (Oberthür, 1879)

Cymatophora argenteopicta Oberthür, 1879: 13. Type-locality: Russia, Askold. Lectotype ♂ (BMNH).

Subsp. argenteopicta (Oberthür, 1879)

Cymatophora plumbea Butler, 1879: 357. Type-locality: Japan, Yokohama. Holotype ♀ (BMNH). Palimpsestis latipennis Matsumura, 1909: 76. Type-locality: Japan, Honshu. Palimpsestis suzukii Matsumura, 1921: 843, pl. 61: 17. Type-locality: Japan, Honshu. Parapsestis albomarginalis Matsumura, 1927b: 14, pl. 5: 41. Type-locality: Japan, Honshu.

Distribution. China (Jilin, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan), Southeast of Russia, Japan, Korean Peninsula.

Subsp. taiwana (Wileman, 1911)

Palimpsestes (sic!) taiwana Wileman, 1911a: 150. Type-locality: Formosa [Taiwan], Rantaizan. Holotype ♀ (BMNH). Parapsestis baibarana Matsumura, 1931, 6000 Illust. Insects Japan-Empire: 675, no. 326, fig. Type-locality: Formosa [Taiwan], Horisha.

Distribution. China (Taiwan).

Parapsestis cinerea Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007

Parapsestis cinerea Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007: 240, fig. 193, pl. 27: 16–18. Type-locality: China, Shaanxi, Taibaishan. Holotype ♂ (MWM).

Subsp. cinerea Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007

Distribution. China (Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Guangxi, Sichuan).

Subsp. pacifica Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007 Figs 5, 17, 26, 34.

Parapsestis cinerea pacifica Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007: 242, fig. 194, pl. 27: 19–21. Type-locality: Korea, Pyongan, Mt. Myohyang-san. Holotype ♂ (HNHM).

Material examined. 9♂1♀, China, Jilin, Changbaishan, 2–11.VII.1982, coll. Zhang Baolin, slide no. Drep-00718 (♂); 1♀, Jilin, Changbaishan, 7.VII.1974, slide no. Drep-00719; 2♂, Liaoning, Caohekou, 5.VII.1958; 2♂,

32 · Zootaxa 3941 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press JIANG ET AL. Beijing, Baihuashan, 1.VIII.1972, coll. Zhang Baolin; 5♂7♀, Beijing, Sanpu, 15.VII–18.VIII.1965, 23–25.VII.1972, coll. Zhang Baolin. (IZCAS) Distribution. China (Jilin, Liaoning, Beijing), Southeast of Russia, Korean Peninsula. Remarks. This subspecies is recorded from China for the first time.

Parapsestis pseudomaculata (Houlbert, 1921)

Spilobasis pseudomaculata Houlbert, 1921: 155, fig. 4026. Type-locality: China, Sichuan, Ta-tsien-lou. Holotype ♀ (BMNH). Mimopsestis determinata Bryk, 1943: 12, pl. 2: 21. Type-locality: Burma. Holotype ♀ (NHRS).

Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan), Myanmar. Remarks. Zhao (2004) placed this species under the genus Tethea and recorded a female from Zhangjiajie in Hunan. Although this species was not included in Zhao (1992), this single female specimen must be part of material from the Institute of Forestry Sciences of Hunan. We did not find this specimen, but nevertheless continue to include this area provisionally. The distribution record of “India” in Zhao (2004) is not traceable, so we omit this area. A male from Wenhai, Lijiang, Yunnan (3097 m, 19.VI.2009, coll. Han Hongxiang, slide no. Drep-00857) has some differences in male genitalia from the typical P. pseudomaculata (Houlbert, 1921). Its valva is somewhat broader, the aedeagus is stouter and shorter, with a quite differently shaped carinal hook. However, there is little external difference between this male and P. pseudomaculata. Its taxonomic position can be fixed only when more material is obtained.

Parapsestis meleagris (Houlbert, 1921)

Parapsestis meleagris Houlbert, 1921: 141. Type-locality: China, Sichuan, Ta-tsien-lou. Holotype ♂ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Jilin, Shaanxi, Gansu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan).

Parapsestis dabashana Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007

Parapsestis dabashana Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007: 234, fig. 187, pl. 26: 17–19. Type-locality: China, Shaanxi, Dabashan. Holotype ♂ (MWM).

Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Sichuan).

Parapsestis wernyaminta Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007

Parapsestis wernyaminta Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007: 235, fig. 185, pl. 26: 10–12. Type-locality: China, Shaanxi, Taibaishan. Holotype ♂ (MWM).

Distribution. China (Henan, Shaanxi, Sichuan).

Parapsestis albida Suzuki, 1916

Parapsestis albida Suzuki, 1916: 70, 80, 81, pl. 3: 16. Type-locality: Japan, Karuizawa. Nemacerota bilineata Matsumura, 1921: 846, pl. 61: 5. Type-locality: Japan, Hokkaido. Holotype ♂ (BMNH). Palimpsestis dysanacrita West, 1932: 209. Type-locality: Japan, Hokkaido. Holotype ♂ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Gansu), Japan.

Parapsestis hausmanni Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007: 237, fig. 191, pl. 27: 10–12. Type-locality: Vietnam, Fan-si-pan. Holotype ♂ (MWM).

Material examined. 1♂, China, Guangxi, Napo, Defu, 1300 m, 16.VIII.1998, coll. He Tongli, slide no. Drep- 00591. (IZCAS) Distribution. China (Guangxi), Vietnam. Remarks. This species is recorded from China for the first time.

Parapsestis implicata Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007

Parapsestis implicata Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007: 238, fig. 192, pl. 27L 13–15. Type-locality: China, Shaanxi, Dabashan. Holotype ♂ (MWM).

Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Sichuan, Hubei).

Parapsestis tomponis (Matsumura, 1933)

Baipsestis tomponis Matsumura, 1933: 191, pl. 4: 4. Type-locality: Formosa [Taiwan], Tompo. Holotype ♂ (EIHU).

Subsp. tomponis (Matsumura, 1933)

Palimpsestes (sic!) taiwana ab. obsoleta Wileman, 1911a: 150. Type-locality: Formosa [Taiwan], Rantaizan. Holotype ♀ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Taiwan).

Subsp. almasderes Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007

Parapsestis tomponis almasderes Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007: 240, fig. 190, pl. 27: 7–9. Type-locality: Vietnam, Fan-si-pan. Holotype ♂ (MWM).

Distribution. China (Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan), Vietnam.

Parapsestis lichenea (Hampson, 1893)

Gaurena lichenea Hampson, 1893: 182. Type-locality: India, Sikkim. Lectotype ♂ (BMNH). Cymatophora condida Houlbert, 1921: 169, fig. 44. Type-locality: India, Sikkim, Pedong. Syntypes (BMNH).

Subsp. splendida Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007

Parapsestis lichenea splendida Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007: 243, fig. 197, pl. 28: 7–9. Type-locality: Vietnam, Mai- chau. Holotype ♂ (MWM).

Distribution. China (Yunnan, Tibet), Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand.

Subsp. tsinlinga Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007

Parapsestis lichenea tsinlinga Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007: 244, fig. 196, pl. 28: 4–6. Type-locality: China, Shaanxi, Taibaishan. Holotype ♂ (MWM).

Genus Stenopsestis Yoshimoto, 1984

Stenopsestis Yoshimoto, 1984b: 27. Type-species: Palimpsestis alternata Moore, 1881, by original designation.

Stenopsestis alternata (Moore, 1881)

Palimpsestis alternata Moore, 1881: 331, pl. 37: 2. Type-locality: India, Darjeeling, Sikkim. Holotype ♂ (MNHU). Stenopsestis alternata bryki Yoshimoto, 1993: 123, pl. 61: 10. Type-locality: Burma, Kambaiti. Holotype ♂ (NHRS).

Distribution. China (Gansu, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet), India, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand.

Stenopsestis bruna Jiang, Yang & Xue, sp. nov. Figs 7, 19, 28, 35.

Description. Head. Antennae yellowish brown mixed with greyish black, lamellate, with dense cilia in male. Frons yellowish white diffused with dark brown laterally. Labial palpi dark brown, paler ventrally, terminal part of second segment and third segment extending beyond frons. Vertex yellowish white. Thorax. Patagia yellowish brown mixed with dark brown on posterior margin; tegula silver grey, dark brown medially; Posterior mesothorax with well developed tuft laterally; tuft brown diffused with black terminally. Forewing length: 20–21 mm. Forewing dark brown with transverse lines blackish brown; a dark grey dot present basally; basal half and area outside postmedial line diffused with reddish-brown scales; antemedial line double, inner line indistinct; area between inner antemedial line and postmedial line pale grey, suffused with dark grey scales on upper part; orbicular macula small and rounded; reniform macula kidney-shaped; medial line forming a protrusion between M1 and CuA2, incurved between CuA2 and 2A; postmedial line nearly parallel to medial line before anal fold, then vertical to inner margin; an arcuate line present outside postmedial line; submarginal line serrate with pale grey scales inside; terminal line crenate; fringes dark brown mixed with black scales at vein ends. Hind wing with indistinct transverse lines; fringes yellowish brown mixed with dark brown at vein ends. Underside of both wings dark brown, transverse lines indistinct. Male genitalia. Uncus undeveloped. Socii rod-like, even in width, flat distally, with long setae at terminal half. Valva ear-shaped, tapered distally; sacculus weakly sclerotized, without any sclerotized structure. Juxta bifurcate to base; lobes of juxta nearly semicircular and setose. Anellus almost invisible. Saccus short and broad. Carinal process of aedeagus hook-like, narrow at terminal half, rounded distally; vesica with an oval area of cornuti, composed of short spines. Female genitalia. Papilla analis quadrate. Apophyses posteriors about three-fifth length of apophyses anteriores. Ostium bursae sclerotized. Ductus bursae membranous. Corpus bursae spherical and membranous, equal to length of ductus bursae, bearing a signum; signum large and elongate, posterior part acute. Diagnosis. The species can be distinguished from other congeners by the following characters: The forewing

R4+5 is not stalked with M1, while it is stalked with M1 in other congeners; the antemedial and postmedial lines respectively forms a large and dark patch on the costa, but other species in Stenopsestis do not have this character; in the male genitalia, the valva is narrower terminally; the sacculus is not obvious and does not have any sclerotized process; the carinal process of the aedeagus is more strongly curved basally. The apophyses posteriores of the female genitalia are shorter, about three-fifths length of the apophyses anteriores, but they are longer, about four-fifths length of the apophyses anteriores in other congeners. Type material. Holotype ♂, China, Hunan, Tianpingshan, 22.VII.1981, slide no. Drep-00321. Paratypes 1♂1♀, same data as holotype, 14, 26.VII.1981, slide no. Drep-00322 (♀); 1♂, Hunan, Dayong, Zhushitou, 18.VII.1988, coll. Chen Yixin; 1♂1♀, Hubei, Shennongjia, Hongping Linchang, 1660 m, 19.VII.1981, coll. Han Yinheng. (IZCAS)

A CHECKLIST OF THYATIRINAE FROM CHINA Zootaxa 3941 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press · 35 Distribution. China (Hubei, Hunan). Etymology. The species is named on the basis of Latin word Brunus, which means brown, referring to the dark brown colour of the wings.

Genus Paragnorima Warren, 1912

Paragnorima Warren, 1912: 329. Type-species: Gaurena fuscescens Hampson, 1893, by original designation.

Paragnorima fuscescens (Hampson, 1893)

Gaurena fuscescens Hampson, 1893: 182. Type-locality: India, Naga Hills. Holotype ♂ (BMNH). Palimpsestis brunnea Leech, 1900: 18. Type-locality: China, Sichuan, Pu-tsu-fong. Holotype ♀ (BMNH). Haplothyatira unipunctata Houlbert, 1921: 115, fig. 4010. Type-locality: India, Sikkim, Lachin Lachoong. Holotype ♀ (BMNH). Haplothyatira unipunctata dubitatrix Bryk, 1943: 13, pl. 2: 25. Type-locality: Burma, Kambaiti. Holotype ♂ (NHRS).

Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet), India, Nepal, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand. Remarks. The entries for Paragnorima brunnea (Leech, 1900) (p. 219) and Tethea brunnea (Leech, 1900) (p. 187) in Zhao (2004) refer to the same species, i. e. Palimpsestis brunnea Leech, 1900, which is a synonym of Paragnorima fuscescens (Hampson, 1893).

Genus Betapsestis Matsumura, 1921

Betapsestis Matsumura, 1921: 850, 851. Type-species: Betapsestis takeuchii Matsumura, 1921, by original designation.

Betapsestis brevis (Leech, 1900)

Palimpsestes (sic!) brevis Leech, 1900: 18. Type-locality: China, Sichuan, Ta-tsien-lou. Holotype ♀ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan).

Genus Nephoploca Yoshimoto, 1988

Nephoploca Yoshimoto, 1988a: 119. Type-species: Polyploca hoenei Sick, 1941, by original designation.

Remarks. This genus and the species N. hoenei (Sick, 1941) were not included in Zhao (2004).

Nephoploca hoenei (Sick, 1941)

Polyploca hoenei Sick, 1941: 4. Type-locality: China, Shaanxi, Tapaishan. Lectotype ♀ (ZFMK).

Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan).

Tribe Polyplocini Werny, 1966

Polyplocini Werny, 1966. Type-genus: Polyploca Hübner, 1821.

Shinploca Kim, 1995: 23. Type-species: Shinploca shini Kim, 1995, by original designation.

Shinploca shini Kim, 1995

Shinploca shini Kim, 1995: 24, figs 1–3. Type-locality: S. Korea, Mt. Soyosan. Holotype ♂ (Kim coll.).

Distribution. China (Jilin, Shaanxi), Southeast of Russia, Korean Peninsula.

Genus Neodaruma Matsumura, 1933

Neodaruma Matsumura, 1933: 194. Type-species: Neodaruma tamanukii Matsumura, 1933, by original designation.

Neodaruma tamanukii Matsumura, 1933

Neodaruma tamanukii Matsumura, 1933: 194, pl. 4: 1, 23. Type-locality: Russia, Sakhalin, Konuma. Syntypes (EIHU).

Distribution. China (Inner Mongolia), Southeast of Russia, Japan.

Genus Achlya Billberg, 1820

Achlya Billberg, 1820: 87. Type-species: Phalaena flavicornis Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation by Tams, 1939. Cymatophora Treitschke, 1825: 77. Type-species: Phalaena flavicornis Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation by Duponchel, 1829. Daruma Matsumura, 1927b: 15. Type-species: Daruma jezoensis Matsumura, 1927, by original designation. Darumona Strand, 1935: 303. Type-species: Daruma jezoensis Matsumura, 1927, by original designation.

Achlya jezoensis Matsumura, 1927

Daruma jezoensis Matsumura, 1927b: 15, pl. 5: 38. Type-locality: Japan, Hokkaido. Holotype ♀ (EIHU). Achlya flavicornis: Zhao, 2004: 231. Achlya longipennis: Zhao, 2004: 232, pl. 5: 78.

Distribution. China (Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia), Southeast of Russia, Japan, Korea Peninsula.

Tribe Demopsestini Werny, 1966

Demopsestini Werny, 1966. Type-genus: Demopsestis Matsumura, 1927. Plusiniini Forbes, 1940. Type-genus: Plusinia Gaede, 1930.

Genus Demopsestis Matsumura, 1927

Demopsestis Matsumura, 1927b: 16. Type-species: Asphalia punctigera Butler, 1885, by original designation.

Asphalia punctigera Butler, 1885: 131. Type-locality: Japan, Hakodate. Holotype ♂ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Jilin, Shaanxi, Jiangsu), Japan, Korea Peninsula.

Demopsestis formosana Yoshimoto, 1984

Demopsestis formosana Yoshimoto, 1984a: 5, figs 2, 14, 16. Type-locality: Taiwan, Hualien, Tayuling. Holotype ♂ (NSMT).

Distribution. China (Taiwan).

Genus Takapsestis Matsumura, 1933

Takapsestis Matsumura, 1933: 199, 200. Type-species: Takapsestis wilemaniella Matsumura, 1933, by original designation.

Takapsestis wilemaniella Matsumura, 1933

Takapsestis wilemaniella Matsumura, 1933: 199, pl. 4: 5, 33. Type-locality: Formosa [Taiwan], Horisha. Type-locality: Formosa [Taiwan], Arizan.

Subsp. wilemaniella Matsumura, 1933

Distribution. China (Taiwan).

Subsp. continentalis Laszlo, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2001

Takapsestis wilemaniella continentalis Laszlo, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2001: 68, figs 26, 27, 73, 75. Type-locality: Vietnam, Fan-si- pan Mts. Holotype ♀ (MWM).

Distribution. China (Fujian), Vietnam.

Takapsestis fascinata Yoshimoto, 1990

Takapsestis fascinata Yoshimoto, 1990: 236. Type-locality: China, Yunnan, A-tun-tse. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK).

Distribution. China (Yunnan), N. Vietnam.

Genus Neoploca Matsumura, 1927

Neoploca Matsumura, 1927b: 16. Type-species: Xylina arctipennis Butler, 1878, by original designation.

Neoploca arctipennis (Butler, 1878)

Xylina arctipennis Butler, 1878: 198. Type-locality: Japan, Yokohama. Holotype ♂ (BMNH). Asphalia nigrofascicula Graeser, 1888: 152. Type-locality: Russia, Amurland, Khabarovsk. Lectotype ♂ (BMNH). Polyploca arctipennis ab. innotata Warren, 1912: 331. Type-locality: Japan. Neoploca misaona Matsumura, 1933: 194, pl. 4: 3. Type-locality: Japan, Honshu, Kyushu.

Distribution. China (Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Jiangsu), Southeast of Russia, Japan, Korea Peninsula.

Nothoploca Yoshimoto, 1982a: 125. Type-species: Polyploca nigripunctata Warren, 1915, by original designation.

Nothoploca nigripunctata (Warren, 1915)

Polyploca nigripunctata Warren, 1915: 157. Type-locality: Sikkim. Holotype ♂ (BMNH).

Subsp. zolotarenkoi Dubatolov, 1987

Nothoploca nigripunctata zolotarenkoi Dubatolov, 1987: 61. Type-locality: Russia, Far East, Primorye territory, “Nature Reserve Kedrovaya Pad”. Holotype ♂ (ISEA).

Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Yunnan), Southeast of Russia, Korea Peninsula.

Subsp. fansipana Laszlo, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2001 Figs 8, 20, 29.

Nothoploca nigripunctata fansipana Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007: 289, fig. 235, pl. 35: 9–11. Type-locality: Vietnam, Fan-si-pan. Holotype ♂ (MWM).

Material examined. 1♂, China, Sichuan, Yajiang, 330 m, 24.VIII.1982, coll. Zhang Xuezhong, slide no. Drep- 00702; 1♂, Gansu, Zhengning, Zhongwan, 29.IX.1979, coll. Wang Xiaohua, slide no. Drep-00703. (IZCAS) Distribution. China (Gansu, Sichuan), Vietnam. Remarks. This subspecies is recorded from China for the first time.

Nothoploca endoi Yoshimoto, 1982

Nothoploca endoi Yoshimoto, 1982a: 128, figs 3, 6, 10, 12. Type-locality: Taiwan, Hualien, Tayuling. Holotype ♀ (NSMT).

Distribution. China (Taiwan).

Genus Epipsestis Matsumura, 1921

Epipsestis Matsumura, 1921: 857, 858. Type-species: Polyploca ornata Leech, 1888, by original designation. Neopsestis Matsumura, 1933: 195. Type-species: Polyploca nikkoensis Matsumura, 1921, by original designation. Sugiploca Matsumura, 1933: 198, 199. Type-species: Sugiploca sugitanii Matsumura, 1933, by original designation.

Epipsestis ornata (Leech, 1888)

Polyploca ornata Leech, 1888: 653, pl. 32: 10. Type-locality: Japan. Lectotype ♀ (BMNH). Polyploca ornata var. unicolor Leech, 1888: 653, pl. 32: 11. Type-locality: Japan. Sugiploca sugitanii Matsumura, 1933: 198, pl. 4, figs 11, 21. Type-locality: Japan, Honshu. Holotype ♂ (EIHU).

Remarks. The nominate subspecies is distributed in Japan. The inclusion of Europe in Zhao (2004) is a mistake.

Subsp. obscurata Tshistjakov, 1987

Epipsestis ornata obscurata Tshistjakov, 1987: 135. Type-locality: Russia, Far East, Primorye territory. Holotype ♂ (IBSS).

Distribution. China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Shaanxi), Southeast of Russia, Korean Peninsula.

Epipsestis manmiaoyangi Laszlo & Ronkay, 1999: 87, figs 33–35, 39–41. Type-locality: Taiwan, Meimu. Holotype ♂ (MWM).

Distribution. China (Taiwan).

Epipsestis nikkoensis (Matsumura, 1921)

Polyploca nikkoensis Matsumura, 1921: 856, pl. 6l, fig. 19. Type-locality: Japan, Honshu. Holotype ♂ (EIHU).

Distribution. China (Jilin, Shaanxi, Hubei, Taiwan), Southeast of Russia, Japan, Korean Peninsula, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand.

Epipsestis castaneata (Warren, 1915)

Polyploca castaneata Warren, 1915: 157. Type-locality: India, Sikkim. Holotype ♂ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Hunan), India, Nepal, Vietnam.

Epipsestis bilineata (Warren, 1915)

Polyploca bilineata Warren, 1915: 159. Type-locality: India, Darjeeling, Sikkim. Holotype ♂ (BMNH). Polyploca acutangula Warren, 1915: 159. Type-locality: India, Sikkim. Holotype ♀ (BMNH).

Distribution. China, India, Nepal. Remarks. The nominate subspecies is from Northern India (Sikkim) and Nepal. Zhao (2004) recorded Tibet as within its range area, but without material: as we have failed to find the material or trace the source of this record, we omit this area from the range for the moment.

Subsp. pallida Yoshimoto, 1984

Epipsestis bilineata pallida Yoshimoto, 1984c: 33. Type-locality: Taiwan, Nantou, Tayuling. Holotype ♀ (NSMT).

Distribution. China (Taiwan).

Epipsestis mediofusca Yoshimoto, 1982

Epipsestis mediofusca Yoshimoto, 1982b: 132, figs 16, 38. Type-locality: Nepal, Solu Khumbu Himal. Holotype ♀ (NSMT).

Distribution. China (Tibet), Nepal.

Epipsestis meilingchani Laszlo & Ronkay, 1999

Epipsestis meilingchani Laszlo & Ronkay, 1999: 80, figs 15–22. Type-locality: Taiwan, Nantou, Tayuling. Holotype ♀ (MWM).

Distribution. China (Taiwan).

Polyploca dubia Warren, 1888: 300. Type-locality: Kashmir, Handar. Holotype ♂ (BMNH). Polyploca nigrifasciata Warren, 1915: 158. Type-locality: India, Sikkim. Lectotype ♂ (BMNH). Polyploca nigrifasciata ab. semifascia Warren, 1915: 158. Type-locality: India, Sikkim. Syntypes (BMNH). Polyploca nigrifasciata ab. nigrilineata Warren, 1915: 158. Type-locality: India, Sikkim. Holotype ♀ (BMNH).

Subsp. dubia (Warren, 1888)

Distribution. China (Hunan, Tibet), India, Nepal, Pakistan, Myanmar, Vietnam.

Subsp. chengshinglini Laszlo & Ronkay, 1999

Epipsestis dubia chengshinglini Laszlo & Ronkay, 1999: 85. Figs 27–32. Type-locality: Taiwan, Ming Chyr. Holotype ♀ (MWM).

Distribution. China (Taiwan).

Epipsestis witti Laszlo, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2007

Epipsestis witti Laszlo, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2007: 309, fig. 249, pl. 38: 13–18. Type-locality: Nepal, Koshi. Holotype ♀ (MWM).

Distribution. China (Tibet), India, Nepal, Vietnam, Thailand.

Epipsestis albidisca (Warren, 1888)

Polyploca albidisca Warren, 1888: 299. Type-locality: India, Berham, Gully. Holotype ♀ (BMNH). Palimpsestis albidisca Moore, 1888: 408. Type-locality: India, Dharmsala. Holotype ♀ (BMNH). Polyploca polychromata Hampson, 1896: 463. Type-locality: India, Sikkim. Holotype ♀ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Yunnan, Tibet), India, Nepal, Pakistan, Vietnam.

Epipsestis stueningi Yoshimoto, 1988

Epipsestis stueningi Yoshimoto, 1988b: 409, figs, 1, 2, 4, 5. Type-locality: China, Yunnan, Li-kiang. Holotype ♂ (ZFMK).

Distribution. China (Yunnan: Lijiang).

Epipsestis nigropunctata (Sick, 1941)

Polyploca nigropunctata Sick, 1941: 5. Type-locality: China, Yunnan, Li-kiang. Lectotype ♂ (ZFMK).

Subsp. nigropunctata (Sick, 1941)

Distribution. China (Yunnan), Nepal.

Subsp. perornata Inoue, 1972

Epipsestis perornata Inoue, 1972: 32, figs 5, 6, pl. 5: 5, 8. Type-locality: Japan, Honshu, Gumma Pref., Akagiyama. Holotype ♂ (BMNH).

Epipsestis cortigera Yoshimoto, 1995

Epipsestis cortigera Yoshimoto, 1995: 241. Type-locality: Taiwan, Ilan, Suyuan-yakou. Holotype ♂ (NSMT).

Distribution. China (Taiwan).

Epipsestis wernyi Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007

Epipsestis wernyi Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007: 317, fig. 243, pl. 37: 4. Type-locality: China, Shaanxi, Taibaishan. Holotype ♂ (MWM).

Distribution. China (Shaanxi).

Epipsestis bisociata Laszlo & Ronkay, 2000

Epipsestis bisociata Laszlo & Ronkay, 2000: 345, figs 8, 9, 22. Type-locality: Vietnam, Fan-zi-pan Mts. Holotype ♂ (MWM).

Distribution. China (Hunan), Vietnam.

Epipsestis peregovitsi Laszlo & Ronkay, 2000

Epipsestis peregovitsi Laszlo & Ronkay, 2000: 341, figs 2–6, 14, 15, 18, 19. Type-locality: Vietnam, Fan-zi-pan Mts. Holotype ♂ (MWM).

Distribution. China (Guangdong), Nepal, Vietnam, Thailand.

Epipsestis renalis (Moore, 1888)

Palimpsestis renalis Moore, 1888: 407. Type-locality: India, Dharmsala. Holotype ♀ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Hunan), India, Nepal, Pakistan, Vietnam, Thailand.

Genus Spica Swinhoe, 1889

Spica Swinhoe, 1889: 424. Type-species: Spica luteola Swinhoe, 1889, by monotypy. Plusinia Gaede, 1930: 662. Type-species: Plusinia aurea Gaede, 1930, by monotypy.

Spica luteola Swinhoe, 1889 Figs 9, 21, 30, 36.

Spica luteola Swinhoe, 1889: 424, pl. 44, fig. 10. Type-locality: India, Sikkim.

Material examined. 26♂10♀, China, Tibet, Co Nag, Mama, 2800–2900 m, 6, 9.VIII.1974, coll. Huang Fusheng, slide nos Drep-00313(♂), 00314(♀); 2♂5♀, Tibet, Bomi, Yi’ong, 2300 m, 1523.VIII.1983, coll. Han Yinheng, slide no. 00317(♂); 1♂, Tibet, Nyingchi, 3000 m, 15.VIII.1983, coll. Han Yinheng, slide no. 00316; 1♂, Tibet, Zayü, Shang Zayü, 1960 m, 22.VIII.2005, coll. Wang Xuejian. (IZCAS)

Spica parallelangula Alphéraky, 1893

Spica parallelangula Alphéraky, 1893: 346. Type-locality: Central Asia. Plusinia aurea Gaede, 1930: 662, pl. 85d. Type-locality: Burma, Hpimaw. Holotype ♀ (BMNH).

Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan), Myanmar.

Dubious record

Genus Euthyatira Smith, 1891

Euthyatira Smith, 1891: 34. Type-species: Thyatira pudens Guenée, 1852, by subsequent designation by Grote, 1895. Monothyatira Werny, 1966: 26 (key), 232. Type-species: Thyatira pryeri Butler, 1881, by original designation.

Euthyatira pryeri (Butler, 1881)

Thyatira pryeri Butler, 1881a: 172. Type-locality: Japan, Yokohama. Holotype ♂ (BMNH).

Distribution. Japan; ? China (Shaanxi). Remarks. Zhao (2004) recorded “Taibaishan, 1♂1♀”, but we have not found these two specimens. Laszlo et al. (2007) considered that this species is endemic to Japan. The record from China is doubtful.

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to all collectors whose contributions made our work possible. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (No. 30870320), the National Science Fund for Fostering Talents in Basic Research (NSFC-J1210002) and a grant from the Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. O529YX5105).

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