Vidyabharati International Interdisciplinary Research Journal 1(2) 15-20 ISSN 2319-4979 ______ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF ADAN DAM RESERVOIR, KARANJA (LAD), DIST. (M.S.)

J.G. Patil P.G. Department of Chemistry, Vidya Bharati Mahavidyalaya, (M.S.) . ______ABSTRACT In the present investigation, water samples are collected from different locations of Adan dam reservoir of Karanja (lad) Tahsil Dist. Washim in state of India for physico-chemical analysis for period of November 2011 to February 2012. The laboratory test of the collected water samples were performed for analysis of various parameters such as air temperature, water temperature, transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen, total solids, total alkalinity, chlorides, total hardness, sulphates, phosphates and nitrates. The method employed for analysis as per standard methods recommended by Adoni and APHA. The obtained values are compared with standard units. The results of this study reveal that physico-chemical parameters are within maximum permissible limit of WHO. Hence water is safe and suitable for domestic, irrigation and drinking purposes. ______Key Words: Physico-chemical parameters, Adan dam reservoir, Drinking water standards.

Introduction provides current information about the concentration of various solutes at a given Water is one of the abundantly place and time. Water quality parameters available substances in nature, which man provide the base for judging the suitability has exploited more than any other of water for its designated uses and to resources for the sustenance of life. Water improve existing conditions. For optimum of good quality is required for living development and management for organisms. All living organisms on our beneficial uses, current information is earth are so intimately connected with needed which is provided by water quality water that life on this planet is believed to programmers. Unequal distribution of have evolved in and around water. We water on the surface of the earth and fast need water every day for various domestic, declining availability of usable fresh water irrigation and drinking purposes. are the major concern in terms of water Economy of our country is agro based quantity and quality (Shinde et.al., 2011). economy. Most of the people who live in The freshwater body of India villages get their jobs in agriculture field includes a large number of rivers, ponds, due to irrigation facilities in that sector. dams, impoundments and lakes. The When there is no revolution in industry riverine systems with the constructed dams and agriculture, water quality was near also present a different area of aquatic about good. But due to industrial and environment. The physico-chemical agriculture revolution water which is characteristics are altered or moulded due collected in the various water resources to the activities of the aquatic biota become highly polluted in various ways particularly the metabolism of the aquatic (Kawale & Savale, 2012). Water quality organisms. Any alteration in the ______ISSN 2319-4979 15 www.viirj.org

Vidyabharati International Interdisciplinary Research Journal 1(2) ______environmental parameters may bring in an most important ecological factor which undesirable aquatic condition which may controls the physiological behavior of lead to the aquatic pollution (Waghmare aquatic systems and hence the quality of et.al., 2012). water. In the present investigation, the air An attempt was made to study the temperature of Adan dam reservoir was physico-chemical characteristics of Adan recorded in the range of 26.05 0C to dam water. The Adan dam reservoir is a 28.05 0C, while the water temperature used for irrigation, fish culture, drinking fluctuated in the range of 23.00 0C to and for such other domestic purposes. 26.00 0C. The minimum temperature was recorded in January 2012 while maximum Materials and Methods during February 2012. Savant et.al., (2010) recorded the similar trend of Adan dam reservoir is located near temperature while studying hydrobiology about 15 kms from Karanja (lad) city. In of Atyal pond in Gadhinglaj Tahsil Dist. 1977, Adan dam was built for irrigation Kolhapur (M.S.). Fluctuation experience in and providing drinking water to Karanja air and water temperature may be due to (lad) city. The height of dam is 30.13m the influence of season, location and and length 755m with gross storage difference in the time of collection. Our 3 capacity of 18,789.97m . Adan dam is results are well in agreement with Angadi 0 0 located at 20 24’28.90’’ N, 77 32’42.69’’ et.al., (2005). E, is an earthfill and rockfill dam. Water Monthly transparency of quality assessment of the experimental experimental water body was varied from water body was made by analyzing various 14.30 to 23.20 cm. The high value was physico-chemical parameters from recorded in February 2012 whereas low in different spots of dam. Monthly analysis of November 2011. Mustapha (2009) also various physico-chemical parameters was reported high transparency in summer undertaken for a period of four months i.e. season at shallow tropical African November 2011 to February 2012. reservoir. Parameters like temperature, transparency pH is the measure of the and dissolved oxygen were estimated at concentration of hydrogen ions, which the dam site whereas the other were provides the range of the acidity or estimated in the laboratory by using alkalinity of a solution. During the study methods given by Adoni (1985) and period the value of pH oscillated from 7.00 APHA (1989). to 7.50 which is very close to normal range. Similar findings were recorded by Results and Discussion Sadhwani (2010) while studying the The monthly values of various limnological parameters of Shaha lake, physico-chemicals parameters of Adan Karanja (lad), Dist. Washim (M.S.). dam reservoir water are illustrated in Dissolved oxygen content indicates Table 1. the health and ability of waterbody to There is a close relation between purity itself through biochemical the atmospheric temperature and water processes. Oxygen is also needed for many temperature. Air temperature is one of the chemical reactions that are important to ______ISSN 2319-4979 16 www.viirj.org

Vidyabharati International Interdisciplinary Research Journal 1(2) ______lake functioning, such as oxidation of minima in winter were noted. Karne and metals, decomposition of dead and Kulkarni (2009) reported chloride maxima decaying matters etc. (Ramachandra and in summer while minima in winter from Solanki, 2007). During the study period freshwater bodies in Khatau Tahsil, maximum dissolved oxygen recorded in (M.S.). winter i.e. with the highest value as Total hardness of water is the 11.00 mg/L. Similar trend was also measure of the capacity of water to react reported by (2007). with soap. Calcium & magnesium are the Total solids refer to matter principal cation that imparts hardness. The suspended and dissolved in water. Waters total hardness of water therefore reflects as with high total solids generally are of the sum total of alkaline metal cations et.al., inferior palatability and may induce an present in it (Ramchandra 2006). In unfavorable physiological reaction in the present investigation the maxima of transient consumer (APHA, 1989). In seasonal total hardness was recorded in present investigation total solids of the November 2011 whereas minima was selected experimental water body was recorded in January 2012. Similar findings et.al., recorded maximum in summer (February were also recorded by Patil (2008). 2012). Similar seasonal peak was recorded Sources of sulphates are mainly by Manimegalai et.al., (2010) in Walayar sulphates rocks such as gypsum and reservoir, Pelghat, Kerala. Total solids sulphur minerals such as pyrites and also peak in summer may be due to low water due to air and water pollution. Sulphates flow into water body and higher contribute to the total solids content and in evaporation rate (Karne & Kulkarni, a reduced and anaerobic condition 2009). The present findings are similar produced hydrogen sulphide which gives with that of above authors. rotten egg odour to the water (Ramchanda et.al., Alkalinity is a measure of the 2006). In the present investigation capacity of water to absorb hydrogen ions. the sulphate contents were ranged between During the present study high alkalinity 0.06 to 0.13 mg/L with maxima in summer value was observed in summer season and (February 2012) and minima in post low in post monsoon period. Increase in monsoon season. Similar results were also et. al., alkalinity in summer may be due to reported by Angadi (2005) from concentration of salts in water as a result Papnash pond, Bidar, Karnataka. The of evaporation. A decrease in the value of present results are in conformity with alkalinity during post monsoon period above authors. attributed to heavy monsoon showers that Phosphorous is one of the major resulted in the dilution of water. Similar macronutrients responsible for biological observations were also made by Bhongade productivity (APHA, 1989). All three and Patil (2010). types of phosphorous i.e. total, Inorganic Chloride anion is generally present and organic ware estimated from in natural waters. High chlorides content experimental water body. All types of has damaging effect on agricultural crops phosphorous recorded maximum in (Ramachandra et.al., 2006). In present summer. Similar type of seasonal peak was investigation, the maxima in summer and also reported by Yewale (2011) ______ISSN 2319-4979 17 www.viirj.org

Vidyabharati International Interdisciplinary Research Journal 1(2) ______

Table 1: Physicochemical parameters of Adan Dam Reservoir during November 2011 to February 2012.

Sr. Parameters Nov Dec Jan Feb Min Max No. 1 Air Temperature ( 0C) 26.05 28.00 26.05 28.05 26.05 28.05 +0.14 +0.15 +0.11 +0.10 +0.11 +0.10

2 Water Temperature ( 0C) 24.05 25.40 23.00 26.00 23.00 26.00 +0.12 +0.10 +0.19 +0.18 +0.19 +0.18

3 Transparency (cm) 14.30 16.40 21.80 23.20 14.30 23.20 +0.16 +0.15 +0.40 +0.18 +0.16 +0.18 4 pH 7.50 7.00 7.00 7.22 7.00 7.50 +0.05 +0.10 +0.18 +0.10 +0.10 +0.05 5 Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) 11.00 8.10 9.04 8.05 8.05 11.00 +0.20 +0.17 +0.13 +0.11 +0.11 +0.20 6 Total Solids (mg/L) 650.00 840.00 930.00 980.00 650.00 980.00 +0.40 +0.70 +0.80 +0.90 +0.40 +0.90 7 Total Alkalinity (mg/L) 76.00 77.00 76.40 79.30 76.00 79.30 +0.24 +0.40 +0.30 +0.25 +0.24 +0.25 8 Chlorides (mg/L) 55.40 68.00 57.00 74.45 55.40 74.45 +0.10 +0.20 +0.30 +0.35 +0.10 +0.35 9 Total Hardness (mg/L) 99.40 97.60 96.00 97.37 96.00 99.40 +0.70 +0.55 +0.50 +0.24 +0.50 +0.70 10 Sulphates (mg/L) 0.06 0.08 0.12 0.13 0.06 0.13 +0.002 +0.003 +0.002 +0.003 +0.002 +0.003 11 Total Phosphorous (mg/L) 0.80 1.30 0.97 1.50 0.80 1.50 +0.010 +0.014 +0.009 +0.007 +0.010 +0.007 12 Inorganic Phosphorous (mg/L) 0.05 0.19 0.50 0.07 0.05 0.50 +0.001 +0.004 +0.006 +0.002 +0.001 +0.006 13 Organic Phosphorous (mg/L) 0.80 1.20 0.60 1.80 0.60 1.80 +0.007 +0.010 +0.007 +0.012 +0.007 +0.002 14 Nitrates (mg/L) 0.25 0.15 0.30 0.35 0.15 0.35 +0.006 +0.003 +0.005 +0.008 +0.003 +0.008

The nitrate is one of the most oxidized with maxima in summer. Similar seasonal forms of nitrogen and is an essential plant peak was also recorded by Bhongade and nutrient Nitrate concentration is associated Patil (2010). Summer peak of nitrates may with rain water runoff, sewage, and sludge be due to its negative proportionality to discharge (Jha & Barat, 2003). During dissolved oxygen (Jakher & Rawat, 2003). present investigation nitrates of the present water body ranged from 0.15 to 0.35 mg/L

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Vidyabharati International Interdisciplinary Research Journal 1(2) ______Conclusion reveals that the quality of dam water is though fit for domestic, irrigation and The analysis of water quality drinking purposes, need continuous parameters of Adan dam reservoir showed monitoring of physico-chemical that the values are well within the parameters to improve the quality of water. permissible limits. The result of study

References

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Angadi, S.B., Shiddamallayya, M. & Kawale, A.M. and Savale, P.A. (2012). Patil, P.C. (2005). Limnological studies of Determination of physico-chemical Papnash pond, Bidar (Karhataku). J. Parameters of Deoli Bhorus Dam water. Enviton. Biol. 26(2): 213-216. Pelagia Research Library, 3 (1): 273 – 279. APHA (1989). Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water. Manimegalai, M., Kumari, S.M., APHA-AWWA-WPCF, Washington, DC. Shanthi, K. & Saradhamani, N. (2010). Limnological factors in relation to fungal Bhongade, S.S. & Patil, G.P. (2010). and bacterial numbers of two ponds. Ecological status of Mohgavhan lake Geobios. 5: 15-20. Karanja (lad) Dist. Washim, (M.S.) with reference to pisciculture. Ph.D. Thesis Mustapha, M.K. (2009). Limnological S.G.B. Amravati University , Amravati. evaluation of fisheries potentials and productivity of a small shallow tropical Islam S.N. (2007). Physico-chemical African reservoir, Re. Biol. Trop., Int. J. condition and occurrence of some Trop. priol. ISSN-0034-7744, vol. 57(4): zooplankton in a pond of Rajshahi 1093-1106. University. Research Journal of Fisheries and Hydrobiology, 2(2): 21-25. Patil, G.P., Kedar, G.T. & Yeole, S.M. (2008). Zooplankton biodiversity study of Jakher, G.R. & Rawat, M. (2003). two water bodies in , Studies on physico-chemical parameters of (M.S.). J. Aqua. Biol. Vol.23(1) : 13-17. a tropical lake Jodhpur, Rajsthan. Indian J. Aquabiol. 18(2) : 79-83. Ramachandran, T.V., Rishiram, R. & Kathik, B. (2006). Zooplankton as Jha, P. & Barat, S. (2003). bioindicators : hydrobiological Hydrobiological study of lake Mirik in investigations in selected Banglore lakes, Darjiling, Himalayas, J. environ. Biol. 24 Financial Assistance : The ministry of (3) : 339-344. Science and technology. Govt. of India. Technical Report : 115. ______ISSN 2319-4979 19 www.viirj.org

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