(Future) Networks Architecture: Thinking out of the Box Prof. Dimitra Simeonidou, Director Smart Internet Lab, Co-Director Digital Futures Institute, University of

bristol.ac.uk/smart Smart Internet Lab: Who Are We?

• 200 academic and researchers, and growing… • Founded by three research groups • Communication Systems & Networks • https://www.bristol.ac.uk/engineering/research/csn/ • High Performance Networks • https://www.bristol.ac.uk/engineering/research/csn/ • Classical Photonics • http://www.bristol.ac.uk/engineering/research/pho/ • Combined expertise across optical, wireless, IoT and cloud technologies. • Extensive expertise on hardware, software and co-design • End-to-end Networking • Real world deployments and large scale experimentation http://www.bristol.ac.uk/engineering/research/smart/

Smart Internet Lab Our “5G” Technical Approach • 5G and B5G is a Networks of Networks • Integrating heterogeneous technologies (specific focus on fibre and wireless technologies) • Needs to be future proof (i.e. design to evolve and change and not to be replaced) • New business opportunities meeting the requirements of large range of use cases and service providers (enabling verticals, neutral hosting)

5G PPP View on 5G Architecture – (White Paper), https://5g-ppp.eu/white-papers/

Smart Internet Lab 5G testbed West of England Region July’17 -Sept’19 Five Primary Sites • Smart Internet Lab, University of Bristol • , Bristol • M-Shed Museum, Bristol/SS Great Britain • The Pump Rooms, Bath • KCL and Digital Catapult, London Heterogeneous Networking • 60 GHz and 26 GHz mmWave mesh network from CCS • LTE-A and 5GNR Cellular from Nokia • SDN and network slicing from Zeetta • MEC and cloud compute via Openstack and Nokia • End-to-End orchestration through OSM • Network monitoring tools • Slice creation and management for use-cases 5G Use-cases • Low latency remote rendering • Dynamic networking and Slicing • MEC based video rendering

Smart Internet Lab 5G Smart Innovations

Smart Internet Lab Consortium 5G Enabled Use -Cases Members

#1 – User Experience • Attractive use cases that engaged the industry and public

#2 – 5G NR & Mobile Edge Computing • Integration of MEC and network edge (programmable hardware) • AI and Image processing at the edge

#3 – Network Slicing & Service Orchestration • Dynamic network slices enable partitioning, protection and prioritisation of services • End-to-end service orchestration-multidomain

#4 – Wireless & Fibre Backhaul • High performance, elastic high bandwidth backhaul

Smart Internet Lab Roman Baths March’19: Window Back in Time

Smart Internet Lab Festival – July’19, Bristol, UK

Inclusion and public safety

Smart Internet Lab On -Demand High -Definition 360 0 Streaming from 3 Stages

Application Application Access Network Edge Compute Connectivity Network Slicing

783 Concurrent 4,000 Users over 360° Stream at Edge Backhaul 3 Slices: Media, Users 48 hours 100Mbps per user Processing 60GHz mmW Retail & Safety

Smart Internet Lab 5G Network Slicing for Public Safety

5G CreateTechnologies on-demand used in ‘networkSafety Use slices’ Case: with guaranteed QoS & full control to • 5G Networksupport Slicing media applications, CCTV video analytics & Digital Signage • Providing visitors venues with their own “network slice” to acquire & deliver dedicated content • On-demand generation of an “first responders’ slice” in case of emergency providing instant Dynamicallyconnectivity re-configure to compliment the existing network networks on external triggers e.g. emergency • mmWave or fibre Backhauling • 4G/5G Small Cell and Wi-Fi seamless access connectivity High Resolution, Immersive Media CCTV Video analytics CCTV Digital Signage

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-47800751 Smart Internet Lab Key Research Contributions/Prototypes

Smart Internet Lab Infrastructure Control

Network Virtualisation Node Slicing Bandwidth Slicing

Network Abstraction VSwitch AI & ML Analytics VSwitch Dynamic Abstraction VSwitch VSwitch VSwitch Information Model Real time Monitoring- Monitoring Plane Ontologies\ Cataloging

SDN Agent

EPSRC TOUCAN

Smart Internet Lab Synthesizable/ Programmable Edge Nodes

EPSRC TOUCAN

Smart Internet Lab Generic Border -Node Interface

LTE-A/5G

Border Node = = = PON = t t t t t t t t t t = = = 3 2 1 0 ======2 1 0 = = = 2 1 0 == = = Optical WiFi Interfaces

LiFi

Multi -Access and Multi -protocol interfaces • Support for multiple access technlologies • Multi-protocol support (i.e. CPRI, eCPRI, IP, Ethernet, OTN, propriatry …) • Dynamic, low latency aggregation through advanced packet processing engines at the border node EPSRC TOUCAN • Elastic bandwidth allocation: frequency, time dimensions

Smart Internet Lab Enhanced Network Edge Functionality

• Manage KPI trade-offs (latency, throughput, location accuracy, density…)

• Traffic management • Address local traffic dynamics and network load

• Infrastructure slicing and virtualization: • Elastic bandwidth allocation • Programmable packet processing (queuing virtualization, flow isolation, delay/jitter guarantees)

• Synchronization capabilities (inband)

• Enabler for MEC-assisted cloud operations • Execution of AI/ML models at the edge

Smart Internet15 Lab Control and Virtualization: Focus on Open Source

• NFV platform • Open Source Mano (OSM) • Interrogation with Open stack • OSM monitoring tools deployed and extended • ML integration with the orchestration platform

• SDN control framework • NetOS SDN controller • Integration with OSM and physical layer

Smart Internet Lab Multidomain Resource Brokering: The 5G Exchange

• 5G Exchange: • ETSI standard based multi-domain orchestrator • Dynamic network interconnection and Virtual Network Service deployment across multiple network domains • Supports L1/ L2/L3 Network services • Quantum Secured

• Marketplace of VNFs, Nses

• AI-based inter-domain orchestration

• Smart contracts • Automatic and on-demand creation, negotiation, verification and enforcement of agreements tailored to vertical requirements

Smart Internet Lab Public Showcase: Orchestrating the Orchestra

• Three Locations: • Millennium Square in Bristol • Digital Catapult London (King’s Cross) • King’s College London (Strand)

• A concert was performed by distributed orchestra: • Piano, 2 violins & vocals Violinist in Bristol Pianist at King’s College London Violinist & Vocalist at Digital Catapult

Smart Internet Lab Orchestrating the Orchestra Live Demo, 16 March’19

Smart Internet Lab The World’s First 5G Music Lesson with Jamie Cullum

• Three Locations: • Roman Amphitheatre London • Bristol • Birmingham

• Three Networks: • UoB 5GUK Test Network • KCL 5GUK Test Network • BT/EE 5G Network

• The lesson was performed • By Jamie Cullum, London • To: Keyboard player, saxophone player & vocalists at Bristol Drams player and 2 electric guitar players at Birmingham

Smart Internet Lab ETSI OSM PoC

https://osm.etsi.org/wikipub/index.php/OSM_PoC_7_-_Orchestrating_The_Orchestra

Smart Internet Lab B5G Network Vision

Smart Internet Lab Future Evolution • Pervasive (everywhere, all services, all industries/verticals support) • Multitenancy, multi-ownership, neutral hosting… • 5D sliceable (lambdas, wireless spectrum, space, time, e2e) • Monetizable/Tradeable • Disaggregation of SW and HW functions - full commoditisation of HW • Moving more functionality to the edge • Advanced very large scale monitoring (for AI, ML, DL…) • Programmable • Automated and Autonomous network management and operations • Resilient and secure -physical layer security • Ultra low delay with high reliability • 100 Gbps connectivity to the end-user • Geolocation accuracy better than 1 cm

Smart Internet Lab Architecture Principles

• Disaggregated and composable network infrastructure • Micro-service based composable networking • Machine learning assisted network service and function composition

• Technology enablers Service Topology Micro Service Micro Service M A M A • Deep network programmability VNF PNF I C I C Virtual Network D K • Data plane as a micro-service Q KD Service D Q QK Micro Service KD • ML assisted automation Q KD M A Micro Service Q Micro Service VNF I C M A M A • Composable via real time monitoring and data analytics PNF VNF I C I C

• Key differentiators • Programmable Hardware & Network HW Function Virtualization • Quantum secured function chaining

Smart Internet Lab Network Disaggregation

• To allow any service to mix-and-match and use compute, storage and network resources upon request (at atomic level and on-the-fly) • To support high scale: on demand levels (services, users); devices (IoT, bodynets, etc.); points and types of technologies of access • Distributed/decentralised solution focusing at the edge where requests arrive (access, service, etc.) • Targeted, customised solutions tailored for local network conditions and dynamics (temporal and space locality) • Enable high network dynamics: variable amounts and types of traffic; devices (IoT, etc.); on-the-fly service composition

Smart Internet Lab Dynamic QKD Networking

A Natural QKD Network Evolution

Smart Internet Lab QKD technology - state of the art

• Point-to-point QKD links

• Connected through Trusted Nodes • Requires key management

• QKD network overlay to classical data-plane

Tokyo QKD network, 2011

Smart Internet Lab QKD technology - Missing parts of the puzzle

• Develop dynamic QKD networking scenarios • Overcome physical transmission/switching limitations

•Compatibility with classical optical networks • Allow co-existence of classical-quantum channels • World record co-existence 11.2Tbps

• Integrated with the 5G SW stack (SDN-QKD, OSM-QKD)

Smart Internet Lab Field -Deployed Dynamic QKD Testbed

Encryption/Decryption SDN Control of Quantum Key As a QKD and Classical Management • 1st logical step Virtual Function

High-Speed CL2A1 BVT Programable BVT Encryption towards true QKD Server Encryption/Decryption Encryption Server networking: CL3A DEMU MUX CL2B1  The first to deploy optical X switches in DVQKD links OXC OXC OXC

High-Speed Programable DC Encryption/Decryption DC • Induced losses limit power budget 5GUK High-Speed NDFF TEST NETWORK Programable Encryption/Decryption (typically 10dB) Encryption OXC OXC Server • Increase functionality CL2A2 CL2B2 CL3B High-Speed Programable Encryption/Decryption

Smart Internet Lab DROP q-ROADM PORTS Q-ROADM: Ultimate QKDQ CL switchingBYPASS PORT WSS WSS

Q 1 BYPASS PORT Q DROP DROP Q CL PORTS PORTS CL WSS Q1 BYPASS PORT

WSS BYPASS PORT QCL DROP PORTS

OFS Optical Fibre Switch EDFA Multiple EDFA BVT Bandwidth Variable Transceiver Q2 • 3 WSS Wavelength Selective Switches Smart Internet Lab 0 Dashed Components are not implemented Multidomain VNF migration with QKD-secured channels

Deploy Deploy inter- inter-island island NS Quantum Secured & Optical Network Aware NS? Multi-Domain NFV Orchestrator

NS Deploy NS

VNF 11 VNF 12 VNF 21 VNF 22

Inter-island VM 21 VM 22 VM 11 VM 12 Optical Network

HPN OFC PDP 2019 QKD QKD

Smart Internet Lab Multi -layer Network -Aware & Quantum-Aware Multi - domain NFV Orchestrator

OFC PDP 2019 Smart Internet Lab Field -Deployed Dynamic QKD Testbed

Bradley Stoke NDFF NSQI lab 23.7 km

5GUK HPN lab TEST 23km NETWORK 1.2 km 2 km Sustainable co-existence for: 1.9 km - 4x 100 Gb/s PM-QPSK channels 1 Cathedral Sq. - Cl- channels unamplified - Cl- channels close (0.5nm) to Q-channel - Through switched QKD netwotk

We The Curious

Smart Internet Lab Beyond Technology

Smart Internet Lab Beyond Technology Innovation

Smart Internet Lab The Bristol Digital Futures Institute

• Announced July 2019 • Directors: • Prof Dimitra Simeonidou (Engineering) & Prof Susan Halford (Sociology) • Research England RPIF Bid: £29M 27 current partners with plans to grow the partnership ecosystem • Co-investment: £71.9M over 5 years • University of Bristol contribution: 20 academic posts • To build the UK’s first fully Instrumented facility for sociotechnical research

Smart Internet Lab Research Ecosystem & Partnership

Smart Internet Lab Bristol Digital Futures Institute (BDFI) • Co-location and co-creations across research teams from Engineering, Computer Sciences and Social Sciences • Challenge-driven research targeting: • Digital technologies and applications • Major societal challenges • Transformational business models, • Bringing technologies into use • Open Innovation based on two pillars: • Knowledge co-creation and co-production across academic disciplines in partnerships with industry and communities; • Making it real: • Through experimental research platforms of representative scale driving research and innovation through experiences • Through in-depth knowledge and understanding of social contexts and pathways to use

Smart Internet Lab Thank you

Smart Internet Lab