1
24
(Center for Korean Studies, Ramkhamhaeng University)
23 2553: 8 92 9:2 (Korea in 2010)
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2
Abstract
Korea in 2010 , documented by Damrong Thandee, revealed changes and persistence taken place in South Korea between 1986-2010 in all spheres of social phenomena. The authorEs close observation during his last visit indicated a unilateral change of the society toward the status of an advanced industrialized country amid turbulent social process caused by internal and international factors. He was impressed by the superb management of this state and it should surely be a good lesson for other countries around the globe. This paper is an academic paper no. 24 of Center for Korean Studies, Ramkhamhaeng university.
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4
23 2553: 8 92 9:2
MN O NPPQR!STU Seoul National University PQ SU XY ZT [ \! ].. 2553 (!.. 2010) b PQ ]RUS" UMZ! cSN " XXdRU ONPY !d "SXePQ !d U ]YMX RO ! YO N Y"N XN ]USc X cfXX"SXc d c S"! ]Ydg c!ddR ]RUS h i " U NP ZSXg dc YcfX Y e " Uc X R Y XX jk
Seoul National University Entrance
PALN9? h]! M cSY Y !MN NP " U ! XR RSd"SXPm ].. 2529 (!.. 1986) (1) cMiUd XcUUP X!N X!X c"X !X cfXSXTX T c XX N X XRUPQPU O] SXX" UR R S " U XSe O NP RU 5
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Seoul subway train - crowded
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Korean Traditional Food
K. ? ON9?>N9 XX Yjt O M"TbT T Sd"SXhSS!T "j !S!YY " Uc! S " US "M MS PkRRT RX " UO X " ! O !jb ] bbX " U !SM !" U!Td X NP"TZ cS d XdRU X ]U !PQ! RUN X PUYR N Xc XPQ OPS ! RUM T Yd]Yc RZ YdZNP ]MS "j" URX XdcPkRRT R N XPQ 9
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!YY PUh" ! Oh! Xg N"X ]Yd Y ( e!! R !R) (ObR) d" U " U dN P iMY N] Md Y Xd M M National Tax Service X PkRRT Oh!N] R 1.6 ] ScPm !.. 1999 PQ X 2 ] Sc !.. 2009
Korean Drinks
N PQ!YY ! Oh!] MdT X !Y P i Oh!N cPm !.. 1999 6.4 S] PQ 46 ScPm !.. 2009 Y X 6 X ddPQ RTfSc MN RSXPU On]UX RPU h o ff!PUd !c c 1 !.. 2004 cMiU dN ] R 10.4 SPQ 25.8 S X ] MdZ 30 X R 38,000 SPQ 1.2 Sc X
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2TI=UN9?>N9? ?V? K? (X 1,000 O S)
Pm (!..) e!! Y ObR
1965 396 73 38
1970 1,213 198 86
1975 1,447 379 170
1980 1,428 495 580
1985 872 772 587
1990 562 1,308 702
1995 246 1,850 762
2000 158 1,731 867
2005 166 1,838 929
2009 261 2,003 930
: National Tax Service, South Korea, 2010.
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Korean Soju
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ON! SSPi RXc " Y Sd o c Xg Md X 240 o O R X ZYSd"SX 10 X!NPRZR !ZY "!SX o c X 1950-1980 Y !Xg jt}S R! Y " UX]S "] p R n 1 cPm !.. 1962 ! eRc] c! eeZPUO M! PQSTPQ ! Yc! Z ! M ] S R O " U ]o ( N) RU MS !R e! ! M! S c ST!c X cP ! Y Md O X X o !T +*/!(! !(-T/,+#7+, 0 !(+:J"K p o ! ( S U! c YN X o ]) PQ o ! Yd M Sd"SXT!O!O bYO bOi (Pm 2333 X! S ) b! o ] YR ScRM! cSd PkRRT N PQ]R"] o " UX M!]Y"cX X o MRYdb ! PQYM\ir SM"SX U!c! !sk PQpPU]yS Pq S c SPUR !fM o MRYd M!! !Y ! SfSX]X" X O !OS S" d]X" XR"XX " UPQYSU SXNP XNe S " !TXc X " U ]c YRU! ! Sf!Ti N XY ! "SXU RU"SSXNPRS X !OSRN XXX c! Y M]X" X O"NPXS ]S SMSh" U MS X heS ]Y X N RTRY!! "RU" ]X" X X "SXXX ] MRU S ]X" Xc T "SXc!deN XN ]USNP X ] PQS X ] oN ]TT c bd !NPq S X]U " U RUT (ZYPQ T ) ]Yc! ]Y PU]id g c! TM"X]X" X bYd X SXPUcPQMM fcT! p XP cPU NPX SXPUNSd"SX 1990 PQS ]X" X RU PQ TX g !Y juNPSXPU ] de PUicSX"" U XXc]Ys" U jk ] X ! Y NMM f ddR g coT RX jtwj " UeTX eNPPUR XcSXPU]Y PQ !!Tc"XX S NPQ! X ]UNZ X c h y cY "SX 19
X ]cRRUY h X Y" "SX!Z RU Z]h N "SXeN XX]RUYN!Z i Rd X RU]!T! h MS RXc U \ !Y c NZ ]"SXc (c!XR"XNZ ] e) "SX! R g PQ! R ! ] X X "0 . J7 ! *8 ! N !!(+9. -...p c!Z N X!X]cR]UZ"XNPYd [. AWQA PkRRT !SX S Xc 1.2 ! (RR PU M PU 50 !) ! XdM cO cMM SXPUSdXc ! R !"SX " U dhR Y (4) d R 29,000 !Sdp]XcPU RUeN X ! T!dNP NP PQ! ! o Md
BQAWQA 9??WP PAL Pm ! .. R (! ) !X SX S (! ) Y (! ) 2005 747,467 (75 ,011) n.a. 2007 1,066,273 (110,362) n.a. 2009 1.168,477 (125,087) n.a. 2010 (ZY ! ) 1,210,756 (138,104) (20,000)
: Korea Herald . February 2, 2010; Countercurrents.org . February 27, 2010; Korea Times. October 6, 2010.
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!c X N XX T " UP!N MRM XRU ff 3 Y "SXRMN X c" UN] PQ!X !X] " U Yc 70,000 XNeS ! N X]cRe! X RMRTfSc NP]X YN " UMc NP SXORU ff XRc Xc " RUN!XR X"SX S Y 2,300,000 dd ]URSR!Z M S \ " XRU N XX Y ! fc XeS XNeS "SX S R S h] XRN X PQo X N X] "dSX !! bXcPUN ! XdNP X "N X 52,000 ! c cPm !.. 2010 ]YNc SXPUX dh" U XYd (6) cSM ] MRUbYd M NPc"XPQh RSc S S ! cSX"PQ Pm
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23 .. GDP (current prices) Per Capita (US$bn/] f) (US$/f)
1962 2.7 103 1987 118 2,813 1990 n.a. 7,400 1995 n.a. 11,450 2000 n.a. 15,220 2005 844.9 17,551 2006 951.8 19,707 2007 1,049.2 21,653 2008 931.4 19,162 2009 832.5 17,074 2010 (IMF/EIU forecast) 991.1 20,265 : Dong-Ki Kim and Linsu Kim (ed.) Management behind Industrialization , 1989; http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/fs/rkor.pdf 33
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36
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h]c"ZR MX X YPUoo Pk RTMd ! RPQ!dcPm !.. 1972 (S po fnb ) c Xg Z R o c M RT ! e"SSXRMp S ]Yc h] " Up SU Nc T"XS RPU S M !XM (30) X Ysz! !eZR" UR !TOPRNSX eZXTi c Ysz!!SNP dhXcSXPU X ! RT NNPXc fPTz "SXeZ!Y ]S O cScPm !.. 1973 c ! MdU XPU h]MUb UbcMiU]!T PqcecPm !.. 1986 MN MNP c!dd " UZiNX! Y h MNNP Y !dc 1990 " U 2000 RZ!dTcPm !.. 2010 Pqi X N X ce "ce X PU Yc! R o h]c"! ! e " U ! Y cS cpUPQ M! N X SX R Ycg SXNP - SX o h]dSdX]YdpMpo f RN X PQ P "P Y ! !f
4. @MSIAW2O O9II@Z RZYN X ! PQPU ] U U X S SU S!X ! S Y X ! e (Cold War) c P PQ!d" Oh]Ob S (cT!d) NT YcM o ] M!! cSPQYd"" U PUYg SXNPc p cpU PUPU o PNSMMM " U c S SXg MdTOX!PU S d PU cO dcTOP j| PP| dN R 16 S XMX c 43
! ! T SX YRP P!PQ! ScPm !.. 1949 RNM X Ob S" U Y!PU S
After the end of World War II, the first explosion of the cold war was dramatic. With Stalin and MaoEs full consent, the Korean PeopleEs Army (KPA) moved in secret towards the international line of division of the 38 th parallel, and on June 25, 1950 launched a full-scale attack. There had been two lines of the division of the world drawn by the U.S. and U.S.S.R. one in Berlin, Europe, and the other on the Korean peninsula, Northeast Asia. With the attack on the latter the first hot war of the cold war era was started [ a true explosion. Washington [ Seoul [ Tokyo vs. Moscow [ Beijing [ Pyongyang (31)
XNeS " ! eRU dT c 1990 "SX! T !PQ ""XT! e!Pq YX " U SXU XO d !X dX OSSX! ]oU XPUch h! SU nY" U! !! T RZT d (32)
. @MSIB R" U cT!c X ! ]oSX"SSXRS dd]U Zi" US "P M On]UX "! TPQ Y" U cSh N RfPTzPQ R! "SSX T i Y c! X Y"X YRR" Uh]Ob S " U"X cSRp " UfPTz Xc "XMd YU XPU PQMd STdRUMo ! ]oU XR Y " UR cS]MP SXNPd
1. B I N? (1) ! ]PU S S !S MRSX YPQ R! ]oMR [ Sd"SX!dOi PQpiMR X OX piPQ! ]oSe NP o " UORRUPQ!T !" " Uc ! P Y]X" Xc"X Y] c"X cMiU RUc ! 44
!]" U Yjk YPQ]X" XY] YR! ]oPQNPc iUd RR X shupang b Zp]]YpcSiS Y Y X RUR X daeguk Zp]Y Y] OU SXPUM No Z Zh]M X Korea, though a dependency of China, is completely autonomous in her politics, religions, and orders, China has never interfered it . cS RPQ S ]]NS S X X cSO T O MfPTz]T NMcR X Y beNSPQX R X M f X R" U PQ!! (China and Korea actually belong to the same family) ! MPQ] YU XR - ! PqXX c T!SM! SS 20 Yc X ! T SXhcSPQi ! M fPTz " U! ]oNU MdcT!! e YR" U YSX cUP!" bPQ! U] cS fPTz p " UPU SU SZYUPU o PNS"T SX cT! ! e Ye ! c R Md dd]UR! PQ Y]cfX!PPu YY RZPkRRT cSM " cSbX PU S S Y" U !S PQ] [ YRcS "SX]ZS ! SS 20 Y cSNP c UP!cUPU o PNS c! ]oR XMdc X " MXSdPUSd"SXPm !.. 1948 SX ! ]oN YRc T Yc ! cSc! U X !.. 1950 [ 1953 Y! dT R [ cSSXPQS dd]Up cS ] Y MS PQ S PUc TX ! Sd dPURN X ! ]o SSXRUZS 1990 YZi YU XPU N"PP NP (2) X YSXfPTzT c X SM! SS 20 fPTz !! T PQi ! S TX SXg dPQszT " Usz SX]]NPT !""!fPTzh Z !R] PP ci M !dcfX Y 1 ! !.. 1919 ! X NSMNPcR On]UX c i"Z " RMR" UNbc "Mb ]Y ! ]]hR !PQi ! Xd" ! Nc "RPQpcSXS R fPTz X .b " UPk N NPp " U 45
NRSd! S Y SRO d ZPU! X Y TX S Yg OX Y TX ! S RSdp ] Z MdcTbN RSdOs S " U] ]Y] ]P T] S PQS PmSX " Xp ] Z X ]UT "S" TX ! S "SXSX]Y e! SXNP " UNS p R!iU S ZfPTzTNP Y " U YRT PQS ! ! YN ]Y RfPTzNU XSXYd YU XPU" U" S cS ON X S Rc c! X Y XR R R" UOb Sb fPTzPQSX X d SX" U" XT MszSRN U c "MR" UNb MOb SPQX cfX RU dT! O !d pPU S S dceZ! ]oXc U XR Y e!Y M Y XZPU S MSU ! c RPQp cSXfPTzSd"SX! R bPQ M! bT N MNP Xc" R SXSfPTzcU XSP 1910 RZS M 1920 SX YM S TS !Y! bTeN Pi oM S RUN! eR !" U YRS dTf!TiR " U ]oXc PQ] YS (3) ! ! PQZiR [ YN ! ]SXX "X O YYdM!dPUc X PQ SX ST !Y p PU]o S " U p TX cS ! Mdc 25 ZT !.. 1950 O YNTM M 38 Y " UTOb N SX ] ]o SM! PU S NT ZTOb !Y" UTPm Y M YN N p ! SM! bTS]]NPX Yb TR SX eZS"S]X S ]]MNPc" RMR" UYMcMSMPUOb S sz ]o SNTSXM " Xd MNPc "MR p Rb] ZPPUMd c XcU! SN]Pm NZYPQRcRT "MRR SX S RNX !PU R ] SU "!M X Y]Y "!Y " UTSXR ZTOb N!d R de Z Y !fS M N Y cTU X] 46
! SMR" U Y ]M!PU S " U cSPQNP XTY cdszf NP RR X N X YM" U PU N N X d! T c]Y "SY!Y R] " U ]o Sd YNU 15 ] PUR 150,000 ! X MRMX 28 ] ] X 280,000 ! ! X RNc X Y YXSe ]Y cszO MNPT d MS"Msz! SN SX ]PU S ZTOb !Y N!d " UMN X ! ScZXMdNPYM 38 RdR RR XPk T R c 27 \! !.. 1953 O 3 ! !Y ] SU f !PU R ! bT f T]PU " U] ! ! ! f T]PU S ! R h SXXTY 3 Pm ! N! fX "Xdsz O S ! S] ]RO! Y!NP cScMiU! cSX SNP Y ] PQX" U P Z X d " U !Xc RXc c ! ! PQ !X 2 [ 3 " fp h ! YS fPkf PQ UR! RSXcjt}jiUPUMd SPUM Y !Y R Ob S" U PUcTOPSU cT!dNc! X Y p R" U! !R OcPm !.. 1953 Rc! X Y 325.5 f" U d YXMdcU X! 72 f cMiUOb Sc! X Y! PQ !X 250 f SX RNc! X Y] Md 517 f Y! PQ U 38 M X YRSXPUd X YPQ X YR S PU! SYg X YMRSX Y X MSd PQ! X Y cfX ! ]" U cRc " UPU Y ZTf!TiMRX Y dd]URNTX d YYd" U] X Y"TS STd ! ]o U XPUdR X! PQ]Y" UX XX Y p R" U YXd
47
2. B I PAL ! ]oU XR cSPQNPXR c X S M ! SS 20 ]UPUdSdS PQPPk SXcT!! e SX cPm 1992 ! ]oU XR cSP "P NPX e ZP! ]oSSXMd "SXPQXS X ]! ]o MdPUd NPQNPc c YPQS X! ]o " h!MPUYg ddRPQ R cS iUPQ i OSXPU RU PQ U"! hcPU cSXPU NP S U"! hc ! XN On]UX SXR Y " UfPTz NPZp cd RU X ZRTYMR SX YO M PQ ]Yceh]MMRcRc! ]o SPUc PUd (1) Zi YU X PU RN MdPQ S o ] c " U h] p RSd"SX 1990 PQS cMiU cS ! ]o Xp (cT!MPUoo O ) c cS ! PQ Uc ! ]oPUY XcS!S]] p c"T c! ]oU XR [ cS PQNPc Md Y RZPkRRT STPQ Xd]U cS P "P d - ! N X]cRSX! ]oN XX p " USXSdp] cPU - ! N X]cRSXS cRMp p cPUe !fg Y - ! N X cOSX Y Op c O"Me cMiU cSSc OXP]Yc YX S h] ! T ]]p OPQ U Mdd c cSP| ! ]oSXPUMS YR Md PQ R " U cS ee PUO MS On]UX PQ" X! T X " UX YRcS SXcYMR To ! c NPR! T RR c cS ! O c! ]R OTS X RPQh!T! XcS cSM ! cSSX ZO ]UR PU X 1,300 !dPQ! SX!sk X RU! S d PQMS RNU TRUN b PUO p R d h R 48
RPQ c X cT!PkRRT ]Yc h PQ!Y Yc c Pu p R T cMiU Rd ZXMPUMSSX! ]Y X RU ] !c S h]" U! X Y p S RPzNd ZS h] (peaceful rise) Mdc! P! ! Y 9 o ! !.. 2003 XRRUNM X X c ! TMc XPU ! M SU " UMO " UPQS " c p R Y " U! !M h h! d RR Z h] SRR (Chinese threat) cNPR! R "SX UPU! R XPQh!T! PQPUP| M [ MT S NX " UcT d! X YXPQ ShcSM\ S c ! M Pq S SXPU]Y c c Xd RR ! c Y cS X " U SU ncS Y X 1950 [ 1970 ]UcT!d TPU X Z SX]PQ X RPQSS T ]o SMRPQ! PQRMp PQ R h X Mh]Ob S ORN XScp [ fPTz R eMch h! SU d ! ]oU XR [ cS RPQNPc" ZZ X !Y RN XNXY!c cSSMRp " UfPTz cMiU cSe! c ]oh]dPU " URX T SRO bS (Robert Sutter [ School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University) N X X p RNP! ]oOPUO p R" UOYg R cScMiU c Sh] YX "X YO f]UPkf ! " UZY!MP ToM Y ZPkfUZZ p RXT"c YO "h f M! bT (SPUoo ) c !.. 1994 RRS ] !SN X "X! T Op RNc! X Y p R" U" P " U YXSXY]YSX! ]o" U! ! Y cMiU e X cS" Uc!dp c" ! S!! T d RNS yS ! Y XN !! " U SMdc X Pm !.. 2002 [ PkRRT (2006) " N X OPQRh]RPU T 6 sz ( Y cS p fPTz b " U R) !d]Y o ] " U PUO MR! T 49
(2) p R" U! SRbSN X SXNP X h ! e dT R ! cRXR Rc! ]o p R cS RUR fS OSdP i" U !X ! X Y" h!cT"MMd PUN" " U ]YPPTc!" U T p N Y" UXPQ " USX"Z Sh] SX Xc " SXS SX" U ]o ST p R" U PUO X ! T ci yS ! YcPm !.. 2002 R " U cSe RTYX RUc RRS Y Xc S " U c X X " P U XR [ cS TZRT !f X !Y X NPYRZ 1.7 !cPm !.. 2002 " U R ] MdcPmZ X X R X 500,000 ! NPY cScPm c !.. 2001 cS X 16,000 ! cZ MR ] PQ 24,000 !c !.. 2002 " UPQ 40,000 X!c !.. 2003 [ 2004 R U XR cS XR U X cSfPTz Oc Pm !.. 2004 X 200 SX S" U " O ] MdYg S SXoT RTS N Md] ! ]o YRcU XPU T P! (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation) !d 3 R MdTOb cPm !.. 1991 SX Y P|! ]oSU XPU XPQcPmZ c! X Y] MdX e " XRUN!! R YeS PUoo ! RT"X cSN !fc ! X Y"]Th!M ASEAN Plus Three OMNcRMX c TX b ReNScSP 1990 c YU Xd p SR RdMR] R UM]!R 7 !N NPYTOb cYST ! !.. 2000 SX YSXU X " UU Xp S XU O !d RUeN X c X ]! ]oU X NXc h]RcSM! P "P NP R RMp cScPm !.. 1996 ] X ! U 47 X RU YRPQ SPUc T cMiU U 24 Yp X RcPm !.. 2000 R !! X RRUPQ S o ] c U 52 cMiU R N X ! Xp RU !fc 50
PUoo O N NPYRPQcPm !.. 2003 PQ PU X 10 PmMZPSMdd PUdN T! X YU X PQX OcPm !.. 2002 !X!SX !XZ 110 ] fp " UcPm !.. 2004 RPQPU cSNP T T O !X TZ 4 ] f SX PUoo R NPX PU T P! YPbM cSRMdcU X 18 [ 19 ]yR !.. 2005 " UPU T T Xc ! X Y" h!cS ! ! p R" U!" UOMd OR PQS XcfXTM cS"S p (3) TP!" U"Pkf " Xch] ! ]oU XR [ cSRU PQNP " U]NPc ] Md X " eS "SXPkfUU U Xe MdPQUUg X R!d"RU ! X ! ]oRUTT ]UPkf! Nsk NPc TX ! PU cS S X X cSP 1990 SRNXU NPM S ! Oh!]U!Z XM c cSPU ]UM SN XN O M cp TS M PU c!ddPQ Y S MX! R cRSY Z]yS M M b RRUXc USX! ]oU XPU iSX e!Y Y S] ]! X X N]NMX]o c R Y 10 S XXRRNPMc " U ph! X N]SU c R RR PUO! MX Xc PU Rp Re X ] h] ! X YZYc !RR dg ]NMX]o c R S Mdc X i N"X RPU X TY T sk]SdXc ih! SU nYMRb XPQMiRO! d XRUPQ "X MRcSS p!]c RcO!h!SU nY YPm !.. 2002 " URMcOPUPQ O cPm !.. 2003 STidN! N X]cR"X cS ]UZY X PQ YPU S SR X iRO! PQX MiRRcS cMiU ZY X PQc iROicT! iR (O! ]eR " Ub M ) c PU RNP PU R R! ! eM! SXRcPm !.. 2004 OZO KBS ] X 51
! ! XRPQ!X"MXM 79.8 PbeS !OO MRRUS c 87.1 PbeS RN XN"!c S 74.1 PbeS RN XNPQ S Xc 58.2 PbeS " XR [ cSP|! ]oSU X " U " P SX cTM d Y p R " U o b dP i" U!Tih]] MdX eN NPX! X YX"X"ju XNeS ! M" U PQ SXR ddRPQ R o PU S S X iRO! PQ MR " UX c! SU X R ToSM NPXPQR (hegemony) " U TXcRPQ (Sino-centrism) M PQ" TXSX S y \SRR (Chinese Threat Theory) Rd cS ! N X"XcRRUXRcPQ]o S"]U ! "! cRPUo! R "X YNNPYRX g cU X 10 [ 18 ! !.. 2006 Op RN XNP|cZS cSPUR XcPURN UN NP Xde!Y U SXPUMRNd SX cSS X Y MYMPUo! N X ! R "SXPUc Y!ddRPQ STi cSPUR X R ! cc R YSXPU MM c ! N X cR X RRUPQ]Y"R ! ffMPU T TM dPU Md !d !YN X]c
K. @MSIJ 92Zb c X ! M! SS 20 N P "P XcfX dc p R" U YU XPU c! ]oU XfPTz! ! T P NP cdRU X "PQ! ]o Y" U cS d (1) fPTz Y YRdPUN X ! ]oSSX S SX ]oc p R Y " U o RN XPq pPQ i dp MdPUSX X" UN XPUO !fcSX OSS X 50 PmSd"SX ! O !dPQS XNeS ! ]oUPU On]UX U X! M Y ! ] Z XcfPTz bX cfXNf S Y d RU ! ]oSXXc O X NP X Y YOX oN XPQ (PQ YX O] M!RcNNPPURcT! R~ST) 52
c TT"X! cfPTzP|Oh " U o Rp " U ! M Y cMiU p fPTzN X Y X ]S ! fPTz !d ! "SXp Y Pq oS cYd Xc ! N XN cRcUp " U! N X]cRSX!fPTz c!Md " N X oT SXOS "SXe ! ] X !NPM OX MPU X fPTzM !NPc MX" UX XMSXNP Y STdXX !U XRPQYPS "SX P i " U !XN X Op MdPUN XNc! cR YZY XPQPUe !f"SXXc i X TPiMSPq i ! M Y d ZXNPRfPTzOXPU RZY M P| ! YPQUUg "XPU ! O "SXeN X cS SXU XP "P NPXc (2) fPTz cS ! cSRU X X R X fPTzPQPUPQ S M " UPQPU! T !S d Xc cRM!O M "T!ON XR PQRUSZST" U cg ddePQZPU S S M MYSd"SX!dOi "SXYRdPU ] "c S " USX ZYP!"PU o PNS" UU p R"T bSXRPU R Y " Uh]Ob S ( YcT!d) Sd PUd c cS" UfPTz ! R PQSX PU ]oSXY cPm !.. 1965 N Ydjt}! ]oMd c XU XfPTz cS Rd ! ]oeN]X e RZPkRRT dPUSXN PUO R" Ud p R Y " U! c"SX UPm ! " UfPTzN NP X 2.8 ! MdPUNX PU T T]YRR " UM! X Y dMRMM" MdS Sd"SXP|PUS Sh] cMiU R] " U Yd]U fPTzNeRY XPQX cRRT!d RUZ! OTiPU MSNcT!fPTz!PQi ! cMiUfPTzeNRX!X"PQOZ T eOP XNeS e! cfPTz X ! MO XPQ!d" !d X dcUPU TMMPU " U p c! ]o YU XPUN X!XYX! dd ]U! Re d ! N R Y X fPTzPQS XR c!dPUSX ! e X fPTz!YS MM S RZPkRRT 53
XNeS RTX M cS [ fPTze!Y ! !! T dd ]UdPUSXSdXc Y!! !" U ! TMc i"Z SU XYg O YN! !T !" U PPuRR" Uh]Ob ScT!! e XNeS cSP M ! SS 20 R" UbNP "P PUc PQ! T Md " U PQ SPU cS" UfPTz ! Y"SX Y! cU ! STMd Y " U!PQh!T! SXPUd Y OR S ]S " U R cfPTz cS " U p SXX Y d Y" U f Yb !!" U] To Th] (weapons of mass destruction) " U Oc c P P X (liberate) cS (" UPUYg ) c T]R UeY! M o T " URPQp TXMp " UfPTz c! S!! T !PqXRZT d !X!R X 40 ] fp " U TMfPTz X R X Xc M] ]!" U TMdPUX dfPTzPQ R p RcfXPQMO " U ! R f !OO c S cfPTzNPT ! cSS X X !X NPT !U X cSp RUX !X NPc fPTz dd]U cR !fM Shir X !YS " U!YR RUZXNPRfPTz ]Yc cSPUPQ ! eRPXNPMSXPU d cSNP T !SXPU Xc eRUSMT !cfPTz MdXd ]U TS M S]] M ! eRPPQ cR !fM !X M X h]c T d ]] !" U TU X" UMPUc ! T"Pb j| (Pacific basin) R XSd!Md !]Y c Sh]" U! R fS OSY O! PQPU o PNS ! ! h!" U! !ch h! STd ! X Y"PQTX U X cS - fPTzRU ""XSXNPc c X fPTzN Sh] RPUoo ! RT ( S "XU XPm !.. 1998-2001) b NPYfPTzXPQU X 7-10 ST ! !.. 1998 h MS "XPQ XPQ Y 25 T h]o Pm PUoo ! N T! eRX YM ZP !S M cS 54
TXXSTi U XPUd MdcSX! O !d (pre-war Japan) PQ fPTzcT! ! (post-war Japan) PU o PNS c c " ST " UZYS h]" U! TMPU]Y PQ X 50 Pm d ! R" ! ]oc XMPQ]o S -fPTzc! S 21 (New Korea-Japan Partnership for the 21 st century) (3) ! ]ocT!c X TX c ]oh]c XdPP ! SXSfPTz XccRM d PQ! P" U! X YfPTz d YPUoo ! Msu!R] OS ]U!N X " ! cRXTbdSTicSfPTzN Ti SX! SX p S! Ob O N X MO SX! ci (painfully deep repentant and heartfelt apology) MO X PQ"Z! R cR fPTz SX dPU S S NU Md b c ! ]]cRcU STd S c XM! ]oMPUdR TXc PQ ]YSdXc " U ! !T!PQX (close and familiar neighbors) "PQ ]YSdX S "SX X (close yet remote) X X X cPU T TU X PUfPTz- cScYST ! !.. 1998 N TMS 43- point Action Plan ]Y] U! ]o" U! X Y" h!cMd dNO!" P S X X - cSTfSc M o fPTzPQ!d" ch]S h]SO ] " US c X (pop culture) " U ! o MfPTz U MNPX cS bcS N XRU N ]Up cS eM X fPTzNP Xc ! o MNPMcPUON X! \ "SX PUc - MS PU fPTz [ cS X (existing Korea [ Japan Fishery Agreement) " Uc MMS c X]Ycdsz PUO X Md - cfPTzX!Y PUOiNPR cS - c] M S !OO " U M cSc MfPTzPQR Md - fPTzNR R 30 ] fS O! Miyazawa Plan ]Y X YPUc P PUPkf yS YPm !.. 1997 cR d cSN X YR 3 ] f 55
- ! X Y p R dd cSMT !fPTzXSXY Sd"SX P|! ]oSSX YPm !.. 1962 PQS " UcPm !.. 1998 cSMT !fPTz 5 ] f ! X YdRUX c cS N PUO !fPTzcX !RTS "SX !X (soft industry involving smaller-scale yet high value-added products) - TMS PQRh]X c "MXMjTS O cPm !.. 2002 fPTzc! !f cSPQ] ddPQ]Uh]c]X M YO M " U ZN X ! Zc S PU o h]M" " U!OO YXfPTz d d NPNcM X SXY semi- conductor " UX PQS fPTzRSPP XSX cScPQ]Y X ] p R TS " U!OO !X!N X " X PQ! ! R f" US]]fPTzT XcS cMiU fPTze cS XPQ!X"MX !f " UN XPU!RUc Y-cS ]U ! T Z PQPU " eRU PQ!X"MX !f SXfPTz dfPTzN XSc "S XPQ c XPU ! S SU R "Xn SX! ] cg M cSUir X RUPQ TX X ASEAN Plus Three, East Asian Vision Group (EAVG), East Asia Study Group (EASG) PQS X !Y fPTzN XPq o "SXeN X"! e]" Uc! X YX"MeMc Y X X cMiUR" UfPTz"MXM]Y"X ! PQ M cT! ! e RS PQU] Y cdPU ! X Y O Y SXU XPk - Ob - OS ]YcOb PQ o ! ! " U p RMh h! SU " UN T R i Y cPQMS p R (Financial and Economic and Cultural hub of Northeast Asia)--- ePQ]! ! eM "SX]sz c p R" U! c X Pm !.. 2000 [ 2003 fPTz!PQPUX ! dPQ ! eRP eRP " UTPi dX NPc ]Y SSX PQ ! eRP d RPQPUNPT ! Sd"SXPm" P|! ]oY X Pm !.. 1999 fPTzXNP 24.14 ] f M 15.86 ] f " UfPTzMNP Tc cS 175 f X !.. 2000 " U 2002 fPTzNPT ! cS 113.62 " U 133.50 f S PQS 56
MT XSXYfPTzN X!XX c cS cR Xc dd YR dX " U ! eRPRfPTz SPQ ! eRP]YXNPM p " UTOP " UNPT ! PU Xd ! X !XNPT !M SXp RUX !X Pc fPTz X !X NPRS YRUPQ !X NPT !d SX YR PQS cfXM ! "p c X S d T ! NRRRUXT !NPcfPTz " X! R f c]TS " UXM RU iUPQ" UOeS "SXeN ] R fPTz ONUT X " X! " UY RUZ! R f cTS !OO O! ! " U e Op TTS Xd TX T ! S " US Sd"SX XSdMdY RZPkRRT R Z Nc"XPUR cP 1990 " USXY RZ Pm 2000 d "SX! O U (Kenichi Ohmae) pS YMfPTz ! ! eNP OMNM! ] ]c X cTOS YY\! !.. 1999 bN Ri X !"# .9+<5--98 #.J "4 ,5 15# # -9"+>T? ?,#*809) (subcontractor) 8,4* L!(:M1+ *{ #9.! *8 100 % O U No X cS PkfO! dd]UM SX!S (absence of future-oriented leaders) c OTS XX d TS M X p RMfPTz NP " U" O eN X Pq PXR R d " RU PQ RTS c c X "SX S f yScPmSXNP N XRRU"NMNOX Y SP|S fPTz" UPU!X"MXYg RUX c PQPkf Mp ! RT SXNP O U X X cSN T]R ySi X i Y P Pm !.. 1999 " Uh] p R MXh UPS " d PQ h]N X ZS ]U jt}S NPQ]UN S Mp " Ue NNTOR S ! "SX c XPQ RPPT]Ydp p R cg Rd T ] MdRUN XY ]URU c!XM "MeMd RUX cXN U" U! NPc "MXMcS O 57
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RNc X o T " Uc ! RO]U "]X ! eRc] p R" U o R b R c 1990 PQ S " U" P Mdc c X Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) PQ!p Nc PQ ]Y" P " U o SX S cMiUdp M ir SXg MR Z " U o X Y Op " U!SXg O c 2000 d !Md S SX! X Y" U" P " U o U X" UPQ !f RPU T U XT!! TUPm U !d " UX Tc NP Y X " UR d SU X c X Pm !.. 2006-2009 M S d SX NP YXPQ SXXSXY T YcS p SjU NPR]Y X ] oP|"MXMO P|yTPk c Pm !.. 2008 " UX ] oM S "XXPQMPUoo cYT h]o 2008 p S ObUNPY cSc 11 ! !.. 2009 PUoo R NPY fPTzc 6 ]y h! !.. 2008 " U cSc 24 ! Pm X NMX ] oP|O P| X" UNPYfPTzh NMS "X PU cSXPQ R RYp PQPU " X STi !fTe!Y ! 0:+:J-J ? Q*+0#,8J,1J>,>/ 0!-#)* C!- T/*1 cYo ! !.. 2008 YjOUMfPTz X PU T T!d NRMdcYST ! !.. 2009 TPk (2) Hard power diplomacy Zc S !Y! csze] c MOR S Y! c ] R ToMNP o ] YS cRMszSM " cPkRRT OR S " U ToRUN X Md "SX"MXMU ToMPUch h!de U XSXY" UM M X " c MMS T S RU]ZT h]M To N c!! " U"Th]cPPuS ! R PQ SZT dddd S U! !fh h! !Y p ! !fc ! T U X TX ! S (R Y " Ub) TX PU o PNS ( cS fPTz NS " Up ) 61
YPQ YS ! SYSU" UPQh!T! S h]" U ! !c"Xh h!d PQPUR X YO " To ! " U To Th] " UN XSXY dN P XR ]YX MdX Y 5 !.. 2009 11.20 . bN! N X ]cRc"XPUc TX PU o PNS!i X Y MP To] N SOP 2 NN ZskwSU SMp fPTzRNS ] MP ToSXS S Sd dX MMP ToM YS c "fPTz cMiU cSS ] ]YPuPU X XdfPTz cS " Up dPUcTOPSXc YTS R ]YX "SX! SM Ye!Y Pq oMd " UPU XRU ! PUcg R MSS cT Ye S "SdN RNXffi X RUN XU cg Y SSXSU M Y " XRUN XPUT YO "XP| RPQ XRe Yc R X R N XNSMMfPTzc X d X YcTS O!c] i. PU T G-20 cSY !.. 2009 T PUy cp SObU "! N X]cRSX Pq M R XNeS P XR X M Y RTXYd R N X TX ! S On]UX RS XYPq M ! O p !c X XRU OSX TX R- YXN ( Y PUO"Me MSPUoo T SX Y-R) cMiU fPTzN"ZS ] cPPuSXSe bePQNPS "c ! o MfPTzS ]" UU To n X MPUYg O cS ! YN cg MfPTzcY ZU (YR PuS R ] " U ToN X ) RUNSXSRR" U cS X X fPTz MX o R RUPQh"SXPU]Y XcT!X" U ! O !d d Zi Mdc X 2000 R PQ PUO SXfPTz X X YeN! SY! YZY NP X M! Z RUX SXM Toc"XPU" U TX S To (SXSp X OR ) cPkRRT" U!S 62
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] ( RNP"] d ]PQS Y Model Workers c]N! eR X RcPkRRT) - PU T T!d 2 U Xp SR RPz PUoo "X cS " Up S OU OS U "XfPTz ! Pk Y 10 ST ! !.. 2009 d PUSXe]RU! Y U X X ! X Y]Yc PUO X XR R " U! !" U ]M X PU T T!d 3 NRMdU R PUoip cU X 29-30 ]y h! !.. 2010 PQ] ! ]o"X"juMd U XPUd Md - Y d M cS Y Cheonan NR ] Y 46 RR d d 104 c 26 ! !.. 2010 cS X X Y] SM Y P|OcXRMPQXcMSXd MS (Northern Limit Line [ NLL) "SX p YPq o X NU X cMiU S RO SU S! X PQ M Y XNeS R Ne]M X M cS "SX YT YXTS Y cSNO U]YMX X RN XNc ! cRSX]yS M Y "SXc ! PQ] ]cX - MdXS "XM YM Y c 27 !.. 2010 ! R (Kim Jong-un) TS ! M! R YN"SXSdc S "XPQ] " UPQPUo!iU o (Central Military Commission) " UPQ c!iU (Central Committee) M]! (WorkersE Party)
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70
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(1) MN fMX Y Trade and Development Policies RO International Development Exchange Program, Korea Development Institute U X 11-20 ZT !.. 1986; ! p, cS: Mpc]PU . T]: O] ] o S, 2530; ! p, PkRR! o X SX]PUM oip . RM ! " ONTR Korea Foundation Yd Hankuk University of Foreign Studies U XPm ].. 2538-2539; ! p, ! http://www.ru.ac.th/korea/article1/article10.pdf; ! p, o , http://www.ru.ac.th/korea/article1/article18.pdf (2) Koreans Rank 4 th in Hard Liquor Consumption, http://english.chosun.com/w21data/htmlEnew...0509130027.html (3) Korean Alcohol Consumption Hits Decade High, Korea Herald. July 6, 2010; ! p, o " U!YY PUh" , c ! " U o . (AN 353) T]: O] ] ! ", 2547, 191-211. (4) North Korea Defectors in South Expected to Surpass 20,000, Korean Times. October 6, 2010. (5) Ben Mc Grath, Abuse of Immigrant Workers in South Korea, Humantraffickorg.com http://www.humantrafficking.org/countries/south_korea (6) Thai Job-seekers Failing Korean Language Tests, Bangkok Post. September 19, 2010 "RU NP c cSZSS \ SXh YdS "NX] U 30 cMiU" " Uj| PP| ! Zh X Z! SNPUR TOb X "NR 29,728 ! c c PkRRT cMiUMX RY] ] Bangkok Post X R Z 52,000 ! (PQd"M PUZ\ " U \ ) Royal Thai Embassy, Seoul, The Relations between Thailand and the Republic of Korea, June 2, 2009. http://www.thaiembassy.or.kr/en/about/thai_rok_relations.htm (7) Narimitsu Onishi, Wed to Strangers, Vietnamese Wives Build Korean Lives, March 30, 2008. http://www.wunrn.com/news/2008/04_08/03_31_0//03310p_south2.htm (8) Aruna Lee, KoreaEs Desperate Housewives: Foreign Wives Find Korea a Bad Fit, New America Media. May 14, 2007; Vietnamese Women Murdered after One Week by Korean Husband, VietnamNet Bridge. July 13, 2010. (9) Cambodia Halts Marriages between S.Korean Men, Cambodia Women, Associated Press. March 19, 2010. (10) Divorces Soar in South Korea among International Couples, Korea Herald. October 10, 2010. (11) Local Election Returns First Foreign-born Councilor, Korea.net June 3, 2010. (12) South Korea: Watchdog Monitors Anti-Migrant Web Posts, Korea Herald. February 2, 2010; Studies Exposes Prejudice against Illegal Immigrants, Korea Herald. August 22, 2010. 71
(13) Koreans over 65 Make up 11 % of Population, Korea Times. September 29, 2010; Korea to Become Most Aged Society in OECD in 2050, Korea Times . October 7, 2010. (14) Taiwan Singer Reopens Issue of Sexual Corruption and Female Entertainers, Korea Herald. August 23, 2010. (15) Sexual Harassment, Assaults Let to Actress Jong Ja-yeonEs Suicide, Extrakorea. March 15, 2009. (16) Sang-mok Suh, Development Strategies: The Korean Experiences, Trade and Development Policies. International Development Exchange Program, Korea Development Institute, Seoul, 1985; Jon Woronoff, KoreaEs Economy: Man-Made Miracle . Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, Inc., 1983; Dong-ki Kim and Linsu Kim (ed.), Management behind Industrialization: Readings in Korean Business. Seoul: Korea University Press, 1989; ! p, ToS]Moip , U ]" U YoiU. X 9 S 9.1 Y M 83705 ir S MpS TOMo o . T]: ] ] TOMo o , 2548 9-4 - 9-23. (17) ! p, " . YXPU o " U]yS p R. (AN. 478 (S)), T]: ] ] ! ", 2536. (18) ! p SU nY, !.. 2006 [ 2009, qph . Pu iR Pm 51 n 2 ( [ ZT 2552). (19) Korean Emigrant Population to Fall below 1,000, Korea Times. October 17, 2010. (20) South Korea Univeils New Policies to Attract More Foreign Tourists, MCOT.net July 15, 2010. (21) Pkf p R" U"NM, c ! p, ! " U o . T]: ] ] ! ", 2547, 103 [ 126. (22) President Lee Myung-bak on the 65 th Anniversary of Liberation, Korea Times. August 15, 2010. PUoo X X |.The Government has already started implementing various, concrete policy measures| policies to make both conglomerates and small and medium-sized enterprises prosperous| (23) cSTX ]Y N X yS p R, . 1 2553.; Government to Create 70,000 Jobs for Young Adults, Korea Times . October 14, 2010. (24) South Korea, CIA Factbook . September 29, 2010. (25) Korea All-out to Secure Cabbages amid Kimchi Crisis, Korea Times. October 1, 2010; Chinese Company to Export 1,500 Tonnes of Cabbage to South Korea, Global Times. October 12, 2010; Chinese Exports Ease Korean Kimchi Crisis, China Daily . October 12, 2010. (26) Sang-hae Han, ESuperwomanE Returns to Voice Working Mom Woes, Korea Times. October 12, 2010; Are Girl Groups Riding Next Hallyu Wave? Korea Times. October 28, 2010; Men Are in Kitchen, Women Are on Mound, Korea Times. October 31, 2010. (27) Charles La Shure, Continuing Education for an Older Population, Koreana. Vol. 24 No. 3 (Autumn 2010), pp. 76 [ 80. (28) ! p, Y . YXPU ! " U o (AN 353 (S)). T]: ] ] ! ", 2546. (29) Benard Wideman, A Cry for Justice, Far Eastern Economic Review. November 19, 1973, p. 17. 72
(30) Torture Allegations Guarantee Dissent, Far Eastern Economic Review. March 21, 1975, p. 23. (31) Myung [ Lim Park, The Requiem for Peace: A Critical [ Constructive Reflection on the Korean War. Kyeonggi-do, Korea: Nanam Publishing House, 2005, p. 68. (32) ! p, SU nY: ! ]oU XR " UfPTz [ RT!OiRZ Pm !.. 2009. Rn i. 23 ! ", 2553. (33) List of Countries by Suicide Rate, Wikipedia P|X 24 ST ! 2553. S MMSXS SRUSXS " XM ciM cS SXS SRUXcSg MO (34) Korea More Vulnerable to China Threats Than Japan, Korea Times. September 27, 2010; Peninsular in Transition, Korea Times. October 11, 2010; North Korea May Become Part of China, Korea Times. November 2, 2010. MX !oSTc X ! SS U XRfPTzR ChinaEs Rare Earth Exports Back on Track, Japan Times. September 30, 2010; Firms Rethink Rare Earth Sourcing, Japan Times. October 2, 2010; Rare Earth Will Not Be Used as Bargaining Chip: Wen, China Daily. October 8, 2010; Maehara, Clinton Unite on Rare Earths, Japan Times. October 28, 2010; Michael Richardson, ChinaEs Big Stick: Trade Reprisals, Japan Times. November 18, 2010. (35) Brahma Chellaney, The Center of AsiaEs Divide, Japan Times. October 1, 2010; Mark Valencia, N.E. Asia Needs a Maritime Code of Conduct, Japan Times. October 6, 2010.
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UPmSdXcMSU YPQ i] ] ]U Y" UcSSX " ] " M"XSX O cS" ] " O! PU S X Northern Limit Line) cMiU YMMSMd X Maritime Demarcation Line c idPQRTSYY SU M"SX UszN sz SM Y! X " XY X d MS"MS "SXYR! "SSXMM Xd M"SX Uszd X c PUUMd !d X cPm ].. 2542 Pm 2547 " U Pm 2552 c f" U S !ddZYPQ!d" YN NPUPQ "M cS " XM YRU X cSPQszP|n X "SXN X " pcg ]YPQ] RMd cSM "SXsz cS pM fSX] Y" UX"R bePQ X STi MdcY ! d SP|OMY Y Y d O M cSRMPQX " U YNP 46 ! dSTi!ddRZYN XPQRcRM YSRU cS "O M PQU T" XRUchN]UM"S X MSjkN XMd S O SX YX N cPUd N " U ]U!PU S N S S ! S " U O !dRSTN MP To" U U ! "SX YeNOT " UPPu Rp R bPQPU SM Y OS d p cSR Nc S !cp Y " URX!X cMiU YY X N XNPQU X "SXSTi! S!! T NTS Xg X!PQ X Y]M cS" Up N b PUR PmU YcSYo ! c iXd MPUO " PQ ""Th] " U]YPQ X U cg eRUZ OSS cMiUp SSXPUp fPTz " U cSN"Z i X RUX Y YTcPU T T S Y 6 o ! c Y N"! N X]cR RPU X X d MNPcMSMS YNX eRUZ OSS U ! PQ ! o ST c O SSX! S! Md! T !dd 74
c 20 o ! cSN b PtcfX UTR RUPm " Ub N NPRZ 22 o ! OPUoo N NP c" ]YPQM f cR ] dY X p ] RU S Z X d o PNS!d PQ"ZO"Me M cSSX YT"TXU "SX! N Y 60 PmX SX cSN b UTR PQ!dcU X 27 [ 31 o ! S skwR 23 RT c X d N YT!Y ! Mp R Y Y USS Ronald Reagan, USS George Washington " U USS Carl Vinson " XXch h! SU nY p Y " UPU dM cS R " U YSXOR Sb" U XSXY OSX X X szSM RT ! M" cMiUR" U Y]TXPuNPp X PQS "P Xc ! S!! T Md XNeS ZiNX! Yp M Y" U cSNPU c 29 o ! X "NMPkfXRUc RR OXRRsz be NTRR X! MX ! d c O ! ! SXZi yS dc X dPm 2010
oUS, ROK, Japan Vow Coordination on Pyongyang,p China Daily . December 7, 2010; oWar Rhetoric Rises Between North and South Korea,p Yahoo News. December 23, 2010; oNew ROK Drills Add to Tension on Peninsula,p China Daily. December 27, 2010; oS. Korean President Faces Conflicting Pressures as He Toughens N. Korea Response,p Washington Post. December 28, 2010; oSeoul Hints at Talks with N.K., Stresses Preparing for Unity,p Korea Herald. December 29, 2010; oN. Korea Calls for Better Ties with South,p Korea Times. January 1, 2011; oDPRK Calls for Better Relations with ROK,p China Daily. January 1, 2011.
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Northern Limit Line (From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)
A: UN forces acknowledged Northern Limit Line since 1953 B: Maritime Demarcation Line claimed by DPRK since 1999 1. Yeonpyeong Island 2. Baengnyeong Island 3. Daecheong Island
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