1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- HOUSE 14179

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Wheat Referendum choice to make in the referendum. They use of inactive NavY ships and stored have only two alternatives: (a) The surplus foods for this purpose would, in EXTENSION OF REMARKS present program, which has proven so my opinion, be an extremely practical disastrous insofar as piling up surpluses approach to the problem of assisting the OF and excessively high costs are concerned needy peoples of the world. I am in full HON. CHARLES B. HOEVEN and the likelihood of a continued piling agreement with the quoted comment of OF IOWA up of even greater surpluses, or (b) they my Oklahoma colleague, Congressman IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES can vote for no program since the law En EDMONDSON, that this "makes a lot requires price supports at 50 percent of more sense than some parts of our for­ Thursday, July 23, 1959 parity if there are no marketing quotas. eign aid program." Mr. HOEVEN. Mr. Speaker, today an Farmers still would have to comply with I intend to do my full share in help­ editorial entitled "Wheat Inflation" ap­ allotments. This, of course, is not a fair ing to make the new White Fleet a peared in the Washington Post and or realistic choice to place before the reality. Times Herald. This editorial deserves wheat farmers. Charles Shuman, presi­ the attention of every person in this great dent of the American Farm Bureau Fed­ body. The editorial follows: eration calls it "an absurd farce that The Recent U.S.A.-U.S.S.R Dual Track The country witnesses today another wheat denies producers any realistic choice." and Field Meet at Philadelphia, Pa., referendum in which farmers will choose The wheat farmers should not be between disaster by route No. 1 and disaster blamed for the situation they now find Sponsored by the Philadelphia Inquirer by route No. 2. If they choose to continue themselves in. They are not responsible Charities, Inc:., in Cooperation With the the present program, which they are ex­ for the outmoded and unrealistic laws pected to c!o, the result is likely to be fur­ that are on the books and which have to Amateur Athletic: Union of the United ther excess production. The country already be administered. Their response to leg­ States Is a Splendid Example of the has nearly a 2-year supply of wheat on hand, and taxpayers have nearly $3.5 b1llion tied up islation is only what should be expected. Unceasing Efforts Being Made To Pro­ The farmer is not responsible for the in stored wheat. mote International Good Will Through If farmers should vote against continua­ inaction of the Congress to provide a tion of the existing program, the national workable wheat program. A better pro­ Athletic: Events average support price would drop from $1.77 gram should have been adopted before to $1.18 a bushel-a very drastic reduction. this-before the wheat referendum was They would be relieved of penalt ies for plant­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS held. We should give attention to ob­ OF ing in excess of their quotas but would still taining a workable and acceptable pro­ have to keep within quota limits to obtain the lowered price-support loans. The choice gram. There has been ample oppor­ HON. JAMES E. VAN ZANDT is thus a dismal one. tunity before this. The President OF PENNSYLVANIA Three factors in the pre·sent law have con­ months ago recommended alternative IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tributed to its unfortunate consequences: approaches to the wheat problem. Other It forbids the Secretary of Agriculture _to cut approaches have been submitted this Thursday, July 23, 1959 the total acreage allotments below 55 million session, which, if adopted, would have Mr. VANZANDT. Mr. Speaker, the acres; it allows every farmer to grow up to given the wheat producer a sound, work­ U.S.A.-U.S.S.R. track and field meet held 15 acres of wheat without penalty; and it able program to replace the very un­ at Philadelphia on July 18 and July 19, will not let price supports be fixed at less satisfactory one now operating. The than 75 percent of parity. The result has 1959, and sponsored by the Phila­ been to put a premium on overproduction at Congress should not turn away from try­ delphia Inquirer Charities, Inc., in co­ heavy cost to the taxpayers. ing to get constructive legislation on operation with the Amateur Athletic President Eisenhower again voiced hope wheat this session. The wheat farmer Union of the United States is another at his news conference yesterday that Con­ should not be let down by no remedial fine example of the AAU's people-to­ gress will pass legislation to relieve this most legislation. It is not too late for action. people program in action. critical of the numerous farm problems. For more than 40 years the Amateur This hope must be shared by a vast majority Athletic Union of the United States, of the wheat farmers and by an even larger which is the national governing body of percentage of the taxpayers who must pay New White Fleet Is Sound Idea 19 sports in the United States, in carry­ the bill for the current folly. ing out its people-to-people program has Today is decision day for farmers grow­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS sent many thousands of track athletes, ing wheat. Today there is being held OF swimmers, boxers, wrestlers, weight­ the marketing quota referendum for the lifters, basketball, and other teams to 1960 crop of wheat. HON. DENVER D. HARGIS all parts of the world. At the same time Many Members of this body probably OF KANSAS the AAU has brought hundreds of foreign are unaware that today is voting day for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES athletes to the United States for athletic the wheat program. Probably few here contests such as the U.S.A.-U.S.S.R. realize that most wheat farmers are pro­ Thursday, July 23, 1959 track and field meet last week in Phila­ hibited by existing law from expressing Mr. HARGIS. Mr. Speaker, I was very delphia. their opinions at the polls on what kind favorably impressed by Comdr. Frank It is of interest to state that in the of a program they want. Manson's proposal for a new White Fleet, program to encourage international re­ Today 40 percent of the wheat farm­ as outlined in the July 27 issue of Life lations and proinote peace and good will ers-the bigger ones-can vote in a ref­ magazine, and I am happy to endorse among the nations of the world, the erendum to decide whether there shall and support such a potentially worth­ AAU in 1958 sent more than 300 athletes be wheat marketing quotas for the 1960 while venture. Life's graphic and dra­ to over 30 different countries, several of crop. But 60 percent of the farmers matic presentation of the idea should which are behind the Iron Curtain. growing wheat-those who do not have capture the imagination of a great many At the recent U.S.A.-U.S.S.R. track allotments of more than 15 acres-are readers, and thus assure widespread meet in Philadelphia President Eisen­ ineligible under existing law to vote. popular approval. hower in a message extending his warm This is the only agricultural crop that Certainly the relatively low expendi­ greetings sounded the keynote of the in­ discriminates against the small producer. ture required for preparing and oper­ ternational contest between United This is made mandatory by the law. It ating such a fleet should be a sound States and Russian athletes. The mes­ discriminates against the small family investment, not only from the stand­ sage which was printed in the official farm. This is regrettable. point of invaluable services rendered to souvenir program is as follows: Under present legislation wheat farm­ people in distress, but as a means of Last summer I followed with interest the ers really do not have a very realistic boosting American prestige abroad. The competition between the track and field 14180 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE July 23 teams of the Union of Soviet Socialist Re­ article titled "Thank You, Philadel­ To Philadelphia for its generous hospital­ publics and of the United States at Lenin phia," which appeared in the July 21, ity, I wish to extend my personal thanks. Stadium in Moscow. As these teams meet 1959, issue of the Philadelphia Inquirer: To all those who made our vsiitors' stay here for their return match at Franklin Field in pleasant and agreeable, including particularly Philadelphia this July, it is a pleasure to send THANK You, PHILADELPHIA officials of the AAU and the University of greetings to each contestant. As host city for the United States-Russian Pennsylvania; the management and staffs of A common interest in the field of sports track and field meet sponsored by the Ama­ the Warwick, Sheraton, and Barclay Hotels; helps form a bond of understanding among teur Athletic Union of the United States and and my associates in Triangle Publications, athletes throughout the world. Meetings of the Philadelphia Inquirer Chal"ities, Inc., Inc.: "Thank you." this sort provide an opportunity for strength­ Philadelphia has displayed again its tradi­ WALTER H. ANNENBERG, ening that bond through travel, observation tional warm hospitality. Editor and Publisher, the Philadelphia and the hospitality of host nations. As this The thousands who crowded Franklin Field Inquirer. understanding among individual citizens is on Saturday and Sunday naturally had the increased, we can hopefully assume that Americans as their sentimental favorites, but Mr. Speaker, the following interesting better international relations will also result. they cheered individual performances on article, titled "U.S. Youth Pays Off," also I am delighted to add my best wishes for a their merit. They were rewarded by close and appeared in the July 21, 1959, issue of the fine meet and for the success of every effort thrilling contests; not even a heavy down­ Philadelphia Inquirer and reveals the to promote the ideals of good sportsmanship pour of rain could keep most of them from ages of the winners in the men's running and good will. staying on while a great athlete, the Russian and field events at the Philadelphia track Sincerely, team captain, Vasily Kuznetsov, sought meet. It discloses that American win­ (Signed) DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER. valiantly against handicaps to break his own ners had an average age of 23.6 years Following the recent U.S.A.-U.S.S.R. decathlon record. while the Russian winners averaged 26.3 track meet, in Philadephia, Dmitri Post­ Sports events like this can be most helpful years. The article follows: in promoting better understanding between nikov, director of the Russian team ex­ peoples, and out of better understanding can U.S. YOUTH PAYS OFF pressed the Russians' sentiments when come improved international relations, and Youth paid off for the American men's he said: mutual trust in place of tensions. track and field team in its 127-108 victory We believe this track meet and other cul­ The friendliness shown the visiting Rus­ over the Soviet Union at Franklin Field. tural and sports exchanges between our two sians in Philadelphia, the sportsmanship America's 11 individual winners (including nations contribute to friendship and under­ sprinter Ray Norton who scored a double) demonstrated by spectators as well as par­ had an average age of 23.6. The Russian standing. We hope such exchanges will con­ ticipants at the meet, w111 surely not be lost tinue. winners averaged 26.3. upon these young men and women. The The full list of men's winners in running Philadelphia, the host city for the in­ dividends in good will can be very great. and field events: ternational event, fully lived up to its traditional role as the "City of Brotherly Love" by sparing no pains in providing a Event Winner Age Performance hospitable and friendly atmosphere. The Amateur Athletic Union and the 100------Ray Norton (United States) __ ------21 0:10.3 200 ______Ray Norton (United States)------21 0:20.7 Philadelphia Inquirer Charities, Inc., re­ 400------Ed Southern (United States) ______21 0:46.2 sponsible for the 2-day track and field 800------Tom Murphy (United States)_------24 1:48.5 1,500______Dyrol Burleson (United States)------19 3:49.4 meet added to their laurels as a result of ~·2~~plecbase:------s. Rzhishchln 1 (U.s.s.R.) ______the successful and enjoyable programs 26 8:51.6 which attracted thousands of athletic­ 5,000______A. Artynyuk (U.S.S.R.)------24 14:17.8 10,000------A. Desyatchikov (U.S.S.R.) __ ------24 31:40.6 minded enthusiasts from all over the 110 hurdles______Hayes Jones (United States)_------20 0:13.6 Nation. 400 hurdles ______Josh Culbreath (United States)------26 0:50.5 Pole vault ------Don Bragg (United States) ______24 15-2~ Mr. Speaker, it was my privilege to High jump______R. Shavlakidze (U.S.S.R.) ______Z7 2 6-9 be in attendance at the two-nation com­ 1iroad jum'(J------Greg Bell (United States)------28 26-7 JUIDP------Shotop, putstep,______ParryK. Tsy O'Briengankov 1(U.S.S.R.)------(United States) ______28 52-4 petition in Philadelphia at which time Z7 '63-2!h some of the world's outstanding athletes Discus______Al Oerter (United States)_------22 188-9 Javelin_------Al Cantello (United States) ______28 262-5 gave convincing evidence of their abil­ Hammer------V asily Rudenko (U.S.S.R.) _____ : _____ .: __ ,: ______28 219-0 ity and skill. The event was heralded Decathlon_------Vasily Kuznetsov (U.S.S.R.)_------Z7 8,350 points. as a warmup for the 1960 Olympic games ,to be held next summer in Italy and 1 Won last year in Moscow. • judging from the performance of in­ 2 Decided on number of misses. dividual stars at Philadelphia, interest • Broke world record. in next year's Olympics is certain to increase as a result of the highly enjoy­ able Quaker City program. Health and Hospitalization Program for -to a. health and hospitalization program for Mr. Walter H. Annenberg, editor and Federal employees. Among the bills before publisher of the Philadelphia Inquirer, Federal Employees you is my H.R. 2326, to provide for Govern­ who plays an important role in the suc­ ment contribution toward personal health cessful operation of the Philadelphia In­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS service benefits for civilian officers and em­ quirer Charities, Inc., deserves a large OF ployees in the U.S. service and their de­ pendents, to authorize payroll deductions share of the credit for the fine contribu­ HON. ISIDORE DOLLINGER for participants, and for other purposes. :tion the 2-day program made in pro­ I am pleased that your committee has moting international friendship through OF NEW YORK scheduled action on this long-overdue pro­ better understanding among the peo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gram for assistance to our Federal employ­ ples of all nations and especially the Thursday, July 23, 1959 ees. We know that employees in the Fed­ United States and Russia. Mr. Annen­ eral service have always been underpaid; Mr. DOLLINGER. Mr. Speaker, the their salaries have never equaled salaries berg, who for years has been a stanch _important subject of a health and hos­ paid by private employers for comparable supporter of all forms of athletics, has pitalization program for Federal em­ work; the small pay raises granted Federal a special fondness for track and field workers have never been commensurate with ployees is now under consideration by ever-rising living costs, and at this point, meets with the result that he never .the House Committee on Post Office and misses an opportunity to witness such living expenses have reached~ new high. Civil Service. Our Federal workers, with families to sup­ events regardless of time or distance. Under leave to extend my remarks, I port or other dependents fot whom they From the vantage point he enjoys as am including in the CONGRESSIONAL REC­ must provide, find it barely potsible to meet editor and publisher and as the moving ORD, my statement to the committee on their financial obligations; high living costs spirit in the Philadelphia Inquirer July 21, 1959. plus high taxes prevent saving for the pro­ Charities, Inc., Mr. Annenberg saluted verbial rainy day or the day when a. Fed­ . Mr. Chairman and members of the Com­ eral employee or his dependents suffer a his home city of Philadelphia for its Inittee on Post Office an Civil Service, your serious illness. A critical illness requiring traditional hospitality in the follo_wing committee is considering legislation relating protracted -hospitalization, surgery, costly 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 14181 hospital facilities and medicines, nursing Federal agents to beware of defamatory to Governor Brown is worthwhile reading care, doctors' fees, not only wipes out any public statements about any group. for all citizen-taxpayers: little savings a low- or middle-income em­ I was pleased to note the immediate "DEAR GOVERNOR: Regarding your telegram, ployee may have accumulated through great I am glad the legislature has approved the personal sacrifices over a period of years response of the Attorney General to the California water resources development pro­ but also throws him into debt for years to effect that "to my knowledge there is no gram. You say Cali.fornia must rely upon come. Such a burden becomes intolerable, nationwide ring consisting of criminals and hope for continued and increased Fed­ such worry must lower the morale and effi­ of any particular national origin." The eral pa.rticipation, that the problem is ciency of any human being. The cost of Attorney General stated also "Naturally rapidly becoming critical. This I realize. personal health service insurance is pro­ it is the desire and the duty of the De­ "The San Luis project is important to the hibitive to the millions of Federal employ­ partment to protect the civil rights of development of the State program and you ees in the low or middle salary brackets, any person mistakenly identified with are aslting the Federal Government for mil­ when procured on an individual basis. lions of dollars. To implement this overall The well-being and efficiency of our Fed­ any criminal acts." program will cost near $2 billion and re­ eral employees must be considered and quires not only cooperation of the Federal preserved if we wish to keep our Government and State Governments but also financial offices and other installations operating at assistance from private enterprise when it the peak of accomplishment and effectuality. Trinity Project: Representative Utt Spells is ready, willing, and able to assist. Large private employers have for many years "Private development of the power facili­ helped their employees to obtain benefits Out Taxpayer's Interest ties at Trinity (partnership) would save the which this legislation would now provide Federal Government $300 million over the for Federal employees. To refuse to .give EXTENSION OF REMARKS life of the contract-and yet you insist that this assistance to our Federal employees OF the taxpayers install this facility and give is to withhold reasonable and sound protec­ the power away at one-half the cost of pro­ tion against the high costs of illness. Surely HON. CRAIG HOSMER duction to a few preferred customers. the Federal Government owes to its em­ OF CALIFORNIA "The effect of this would be to completely ployees the same consideration which private deplete the surplus in the Central Valley industry, on the whole, has found it possible IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES project. This surplus was supposed to be to extend to its workers. The legislation Thursday, July 23, 1959 used for additional water conservation and before you provides the needed and neces­ to divert it is a violation of the public trust. sary protection at a cost which employees Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, on July "The partnership development of the and the Government can afford. 7 the Chico, Calif., Enterprise-Record Trinity power resources would be a cash reg­ I urge your committee to take favorable carried an editorial comment based on ister which would pay the entire cost of the action so that our Federal employees may be views of our colleague, the gentleman San Luis Reservoir, which is part of the accorded this sorely needed assistance. overall Central Valley project. from California [Mr. UTT], regarding the "Unless the Trinity power facility is taken Trinity project which is pertinent to off the backs of the taxpayers and made to consideration of this vital issue and par­ work in behalf of the taxpayers (through ticularly relevant to U.S. taxpayers' partnership) I intend to oppose the San High Time for Action pocketbooks .. Luis Reservoir project before the Rules The editorial follows: Committee and on the fioor of the House as being an unnecessary expense to the Ameri­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS WoRTHWHILE READING ON TRINITY PROJECT OF can taxpayers when the cost could well be A week or so ago, Gov. Edmund G. Brown paid from revenues and savings generated HON. JOHN ·V. LINDSAY sent a statement to Washington urging the from private development of the power fa­ Senate Appropriations Committee to ap­ cilities of Trinity. OF NEW YORK prove funds to get the Government started "JAMES B. UTT, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES on Federal construction of the power fa­ "Member of Congress." Thursday, July 23, 1959 cilities on the Trinity River project. In his statement, Governor Brown assailed In our mind, Representative UTT's tele­ Mr. LINDSAY. Mr. Speaker, I would President Eisenhower's partnership plan, gram tersely sums up the issue. Federal recommended by Secretary of Interior Fred .construction (public power) at Trinity like to call to the attention of the Mem­ would be a money-losing venture for the bers of this body, an editorial entitled Seaton, under which the Pacific Gas & Elec­ tric Co. would build the power facilities (at taxpayer because the power would be sold "High Time for Action," reprinted from its own expense) and buy falling water from to a few preference customers for less than the 11 Progresso, which appeared in the Government to generate power. the cost of production. This would frus­ the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of July 20, (Seaton's Department of Interior figures say trate existing Federal law which says that 1959. Its thesis is that it is time to take power from projects should help pay the partnership would save the Government costs of the projects-it is clear that selling notice of the increasing tendency more than $300 million.) power for less than it costs would produce on the part of some magazines and news­ In his statement against partnership, Gov­ no revenue. paper chains to link up a handful of ernor Brown stressed that California is now Partnership, on the other hand, would irresponsible Americans, who happen to under way on its vast water resources de­ save the Government the cost of construct­ velopment program. But he reminded that ing the power facilities-and then would be of Italian descent and who have had the State can't do the job by itself. bad criminal records, with all Americans provide a steady income over the years "This State must continue to seek assist­ through the purchase of falling water. of Italian lineage. Referring to the well- . ance from the Federal Government such as This income would, of course, help pay the known Apalachin meeting, the editorial it has appreciatively received in the past," costs of the Trinity project and others, such states that if the members of this group Brown said. He went on to voice his opinion as the San Luis Reservoir. were meeting for some nefarious under­ that, "The State will not receive this assist­ Governor Brown and others who are plead­ taking, "we not only do not condone ance to the maximum extent required if the ing the cause of public power at Trinity them, but we denounce them and their Pacific Gas & Electric Co. constructs the should examine the issues more closely. ilk, for this tiny group of 60 furnished power elements of Trinity." Representative UTT's telegram should be Along with his statement to the Senate must reading for all of them. the pretext for bringing discredit and committee, Governor Brown also sent tele­ contempt on more than 12 million loyal, grams to Members of Congress urging them law-abiding, decent Americans of Ital­ to work against the partnership plan. ian origin who daily make their valuable Representative JAMEs B. UTT, Republican, contribution to the enrichment of our of Santa Ana, was one of the Congressmen TVA Bond Bill Now on Third Base country in every field of human en­ receiving telegrams. As coauthor of a measure currently before Congress to ap­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS deavor." prove the partnership plan, Representative The editorial commends Senator UTT is in possession of volumes of testimony OF KENNETH B. KEATING and Senator HUGH which in past sessions have established the HON. JOE L. EVINS ScoTT, for directing letters to the Attor­ partnership idea as proper. ney General and the Secretary of the A man who keeps the interest of the tax­ OF TENNESSEE Treasury asking for a statement of pol­ payer always foremost in his mind, Repre­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sentative UTT sent a return telegram to Gov­ Thursday, July 23, 1959 icy designed to protect the civil rights ernor Brown explaining some of the financial of people mistakenly identified with angles-and possible consequences--of the Mr. EVINS. Mr. Speaker, as we once criminal acts and for an instruction to Trinity power controversy. UTT's telegram again take up the TVA self-financing 14182 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE July 23 bill, it may be helpful to review the cir­ With the territorial limitations, with Carrie Davis, has given much time assisting cumstances which have brought on the Treasury Department control, and congres­ Katie Louchheln. necessity for taking up this matter sional control, and Presidential control In the last campaign I asked Carrie to re­ through the naming of the Board members, main in Washington, which she did. Dur­ again, and accordingly I include in the no further control should be desired. ing all that time I was doing everything I CONGRESSIONAL RECORD my newsletter, When we are appropriating millions for could in my own State and in my part of tl1e Capitol Comments, for last week, which the development of water resources through­ country. reviews the situation. out the country-and billions throughout With your repeated attacks on the South, The newsletter follows: the world-surely it is just and fair that the I must state with all frankness that my TVA BOND BILL ON THmD BASE citizens of a great area would be given the wife will no longer be interested in spending privilege of voting bonds for self-financing, her time, talent, and money helping you. Following passage by the Senate of the bonds that are taxable, and bonds that are Very sincerely yours, TVA self-financing bill, this much-needed not included, but outside, the national debt. CLIFFORD DAVIS. and battle-scarred measure has reached, in baseball parlance, third base in the legisla­ I express the hope again that the Presi­ tive game. The bill, however, h as again run dent will be objective and fair and not dis­ into hurdles set up by the diehard oppo­ approve this needed and meritorious legisla­ nents of the TVA. When consent was re­ tion. Such approval would permit the TVA Balanced Budget, Mutual Security, Less to operate in a businesslike fashion, but quested in the House this week to accept the without undue political and partisan influ­ Farm Control Win Top Support in Com­ Senate amendments to the bill, the minority ence and to a large degree eliminate the leader of the House objected and blocked annual congressional fight over TVA's oper­ pleted Second District Poll action on the bill. As a result it will be necessary to take the amended measure ations, and would be in line with statements through the Rules Committee again and on and assurances of the President of his EXTENSION OF REMARKS the floor of the House for further debate and friendship and support for this great agency OF another vote. Friends of the TVA are con­ of the Government. fident that the House will again approve the HON. ANCHER NELSEN measure; but there will be a delay in its OF MINNESOTA enactment as a result of this last-ditch effort IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to block the bill. Chairman Paul Butler's Criticism of Con­ Thursday, July 23, 1959 Meanwhile, the minority leader of the Sen­ gressional Leadership and Attacks on ate has reportedly urged the President to Mr. NELSEN. Mr. Speaker, over the veto the TVA measure. Your Representative Southern Democrats Is Resented last 3 months, I have mailed out a ques­ expresses the hope and the belief that the President will be fair and approve this legis­ tionnaire to many of the residents of the lation. There are many reasons why this EXTENSION OF REMARKS Second Congressional District and the bill should be approved in the public inter­ OF tabulated results show some very signifi­ est, among them: cant trends, which I now call to the at­ First. The President himself first proposed HON. OMAR BURLESON tention of the Congress. this legislation to the Congress in his budget OF TEXAS The Second District of Minnesota is message on January 17, 1955. The President IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES one of the most prosperous in the State, has repeated his request for self-financing legislation for TVA in his budget messages Thursday, July 23, 1959 and the citizens have a fine reputation of of 1956, 1957, and 1958, and again in January being sound, sensible and progressive. of this year-on five separate occasions. Mr. BURLESON. Mr. Speaker, a few The 14 counties inv.olved make it a big Second. Committees of the Congress have days ago, on July 16, to be exact, our District. In 1950, our population was worked for 4 years to write a reasonable and esteemed colleague from Tennessee, the 321,397. By the census of 1960, it is ex­ workable bill. Honorable CLIFFORD DAVIS, wrote a letter pected to exceed 375,000 and to approach Third. Extensive hearings have been to the chairman of the Democratic Na­ 400,000. Following the 1954 census of held-five sets of hearings-on this legisla­ tional Committee, the Honorable Paul agriculture, the Second Congressional tion in both Houses of the Congress. Butler, regarding the latter's attitude Fourth. Both the House and the Senate District emerged as among the 15 richest have acted favorably on this bill and there toward the Democrats in the Southern districts in the Nation in the value of has been 5 years of debate on this meas­ States, and particularly with reference farm products sold. Today, with the ure, both inside and out of the Congress. to his recent attacks on the leaders of farm population decreasing nationwide, Fifth. Both Houses have passed the blll the Congress. the Second District is showing one of the by decisive majorities. Two years ago the Mr. Speaker, the sentiments so ably ex­ lowest percentages of decrease in farna Senate passed it by a vote of 61 to 20: this pressed by Mr. DAVIS is shared by many population anywhere in the State of year the House passed it by a vote of 245 to of us who feel the injustices of Mr. But­ 170, and the Senate by a vote of 73 to 17. Minnesota. Sixth. The bill represents a reasonable ler's actions. I personally wish to asso­ The active interest that the residents compromise of many views. It is considered ciate myself with Mr. DAVIS in serving of the Second District have taken in an­ satisfactory in the main, not only to the notice on the Democratic chairman that swering this poll shows that they follow TVA, but also to the private utility com­ his criticisms of the leadership in the very closely the decisions and the ac­ panies bordering on the TVA area. Congress and his unjustified attacks on tions that we take here in the Congress Seventh. The Secretary of the Treasury southern Democrats, is resented to the of the United States. has expressed his approval of desirable fea­ fullest extent. tures of the financing phases of this bill­ I personally believe strongly in public and indeed all approved the measure except Mr. Speaker, with the consent of my opinion questionnaires. It helps the a limited few who want TVA destroyed and distinguished colleague, Mr. DAVIS, I in­ people back home and it helps those of dismembered. clude in my remarks his letter referred us they have elected as representatives. Eighth. The bill puts a fence around to: The voters have an easy way to inform TVA-a territorial limitation is prescribed­ JULY 16, 1959. their Congressman of their thinking on and not a kilowatt of power can be sold out­ Hon. PAUL M. BUTLER, some of the more important issues facing side the area. ChJairman, Democratic Natiorval Committee, Congress. At the same time, it enables Ninth. The TVA will make a far greater Washington, D.C. return of payments into the Treasury than us to have the views of a wide cross sec­ MY DEAR PAuL: I have been shocked at tion of the voters on the issues we dis­ under the present law. your continued attacks on those of us in the Tenth. TVA is a creature of Congress­ cuss. Certainly, each Member of Con­ will remain under the control of the Con­ Democratic Party who live in the South. gress has the vitally important obliga­ gress. The President can make recommen­ Over all of these years you know full well tion to inform himself of the many views dations for changes at any time and the what southern Democrats have meant to the party. of the people whom he strives to repre­ Congress can enact changes at any time. sent. Eleventh. All three members of the You have gone a long way in reflecting on Board-chairman Vogel, former Congress­ Speaker SAM RAYBURN and Senator LYNDON There are, however, several pitfalls in man Hays, and former Deputy Director of JoHNsoN. You have never heard Speaker interpreting opinion questionnaires. the Budget Bureau Jones, have all been ap­ RAYBURN publicly criticize you, but on the First of all, since the replies are not pointed by the President, and surely they contrary you know how he has been your taken from a scientifically selected sam­ can be depended upon to carry out the pro­ friend in the past. ple, they cannot be touted as foolproof vision of this legislation in a responsible I work hard at this job and believe I am a. measures of opinion. Only general manner. sincere Democrat. You know that my wife, trends can be regarded as significant. 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 14183

Secondly, it is not the sole duty of a tention to the problems of small business­ Sesquicentennia~ of Gile• County, Tenn. Congressman to pile the "yes" answers men; 18 percent think it has; and 31 per­ on one side and the "no" answers on one cent are uncertain. EXTENSION OF REMARKS side and vote for the biggest pile. The Regarding an increase in the gas tax OF citizens always expect a Congressman to provide necessary funds for Federal to do more than find out which way the highways, 36 percent favor it, while 50 HON. ROSS BASS wind blows and vote accordingly. percent are opposed, and 14 percent un­ OF TENNESSEE The Second District questionnaire was certain. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mailed early in this session to all the Regarding amendments to the present rural boxholders in the district, and Federal minimum wage law, there was Thursday, July 23, 1959 several months later to the townspeople general opposition to raising the mini­ Mr. BASS of Tennessee. Mr. who have boxes in their post office. As a mum from $1 to $1.25 per hour; 23 per­ Speaker, last week the fine people of result, a breakdown of opinions by cent were for it, 60 percent were against Giles County, Tenn., whom I have the rural people and townspeople has been it, and 17 percent uncertain. On ex~ honor to represent in this body, cele­ possible. Many of the newspapers in tending coverage to more workers, 42 brated the sesquicentennial aniversary the District also cooperated by printing percent said "yes," 30 percent said "no," of the establishment of the county by the questionnaire for their readers. A and 28 percent were "not certain." the Legislature of the State of Ten­ total of approximately 50,000 question­ The following tabulation shows the nessee. naires went out. Among rural residents complete replies, by percentage, first for During the week-long observance of we had exactly 1,200 replies; from towns­ the full 2,443 returns, then for the rural this anniversary, Giles County was vis­ people there were 1,243 replies for a people in the district, and finally for the ited by the Governor of Tennessee, the grand total of 2,443 responses. townspeople: Honorable Buford Ellington; the two Mr. Speaker, I feel that these replies The Second District questionnaire Senators from Tennessee, the Honorable are very noteworthy. The extremely Estes Kefauver and the Honorable Al­ high percentage of support given for ex­ Per­ bert Gore; our colleague, the gentleman ample to the President's emphasis on a Per- Per- cent Questions cent cent not from Tennessee, Mr. Evins; and many balanced budget is, I believe, highly Yes No cer- other distinguished personages includ­ significant. tain ing former Governors Browning and On the question, "Do you agree with ------1------McCord, many of whom also made ad­ the President's pay-as-you-go emphasis 1. Do you agree with the Presi· dresses to the people of the county. on having a balanced budget," 82 per­ dent's pay-as-you-go emphasis on having a balanced budget? The remarks of our colleague, JoE L. cent of the respondents answered "yes," TotaL______82 6 12 EviNS made on Friday, July 17 were 6 percent said "no," and 12 percent "not Rural.------82 7 11 Town______82 4 14 particularly apt and well received. certain." 2. To provide necessary funds for Prior to 1954 Giles County was appor­ I also call your attention to the ques­ Federal highways it is sug­ tioned to the old Fifth District of Ten­ tions on farm legislation, where the re­ gested that the Federal gas tax be increased from 3 to 4~2 cents nessee, represented at that time by our plies from rural boxholders only repre­ per gallon. Do you favor? colleague [Mr. EviNS] and he spoke, sent the point of view of the rural people Total______36 50 14 Rural------38 51 11 therefore, from a personal and intimate themselves. Town______35 48 17 knowledge of Giles County and its The questionnaire asks whether Fed­ 3. With respect to education, should the Federal Govern- progressive residents. Under leave to eral farm policy should take the general ment- extend my remarks in the RECORD, I in­ direction of lower payments of farmers, (1) consider it a local and clude the address as follows: with fewer controls. Of 1,200 replies State problem? Total._------68 16 16 REMARKS AT GILES COUNTY, TENN., SESQUI­ from rural boxholders 66 percent an­ Rural______72 15 13 swered "yes," 10 percent answered "no," Town______64 17 19 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION BY HoN. JOE L. (2) aid school construction? EVINS, MEMBER OF CONGRESS, JULY 17, 1959 and 24 percent were "not certain." 'l'otaL______31 42 27 RuraL______29 46 25 Mr. Chairman, distinguished guests, When the question was turned around Town______32 38 30 friends of Pulaski and Giles County and to ask whether Federal farm policy (3) help pay teachers' sal- ladies and gentlemen, I am certainly pleased should take the direction of higher pay­ aries? and delighted to be present on this signifi­ 'l'otaL______12 59 29 ments with more controls, the answers RuraL______10 64 26 cant and historic occasion-the celebration were 17 percent "yes", 40 percent "no", Town______14 54 32 of the 150th anniversary of the establish .. and 43 percent "not certain." 4. Has the Federal Government ment of Giles County. given suflirient attention to I With respect to education 68 percent the problems of the small have received several invitations from of the voters thought the Government businessman? your celebration chairman, John R. Total ..------19 48 33 Stephens, and other citizens of Pulaski and should consider it a local and State RuraL------20 45 35 Giles County, to visit and to be in attend­ problem, 16 percent did not think so, Town______18 51 31 5. Please check the general direc- ance at some part of your celebration. I and 16 percent were uncertain. tion which you believe Federal have read with interest the many news­ Asked specifically about Federal aid farm policy should take: paper and magazine stories surrounding this to school construction, 31 percent said (1) lower payments with great occasion and certainly have looked for­ fewer controls? ward with great anticipation at being able they favored it, 42 percent opposed it, TotaL.------69 8 23 and 27 percent were uncertain. RuraL______66 10 24 to be with you. Town______72 6 22 I am pleased to be able to get away from There was less support for Federal aid (2) higher l)ayments with Washington and return again to Tennessee to help pay teacher's salaries. 12 per­ more controls? TotaL_------13 39 48 and Giles County to be with friends-to cent were for it, 59 percent opposed it, RuraL------17 40 43 meet old friends and new friends-and and 29 percent were uncertain. Town______10 37 53 join with all in enjoying this feast of friend­ 6. Do you favor amending the pres- ship and fellowship. The principle of mutual security won ent Federal minimum wage a solid endorsement. In answer to the lawto- Occasions such as this, such as you of question, "In general, do you favor con­ (1) raise the present $1 Giles County have been participating in hourly rate to $1.25 per throughout this week, are not only occasions tinued U.R assistance to other countries hour? TotaL______23 60 17 for renewal of friendships; but the celebra­ in the free world's struggle against Com­ Rural______19 66 15 tion holds forth even greater purposes and munist aggression and subversion," the Town______27 53 20 far-reaching effects-namely, that of renew­ results were, 70 percent "yes,'' 15 percent (2) extend coverage to more ing and refreshing in our minds the growth workers? "no," and 15 percent "not certain.'' I TotaL______42 30 28 of many of our traditions and ideals. must add, however, that there were many Rural______37 36 27 The growth of our democracy. Town______46 24 30 The progress and well-being of our citi­ who wrote in comments on this question, 7. In general, do you favor con­ expressing concern for the number of tinued U.S. assistance to other zens. abuses of the program. countries in the free world's The growth and progress of our agricul­ struggle against Communist ture, our commerce, and the development On small business, the opinion ex­ aggression and subversion? and sense of dedication and devotion of our pressed by the townspeople deserves at­ TotaL.------70 15 15 people to preserving, promoting, and perpet­ tention; 51 percent believe the Federal Town______Rural •• ------6971 15 1614 uating the heritages of our past--the ideals Government has not given sufficient at- and liberties of our citizens. CV--894 14184 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE July 23 I want to commend the members of your and ambitious that he went to the State the name Pulaski has increasingly grown to centennial committee, your county and city legislature in Nashville and had this great symbolize the spirit of strength, of char­ officials-and all of your citizens-all whom county moved into another congressional acter and purpose-for which this patriot have had a part in promoting and further­ district so ile could run for Congress. And, gave his life. We all know the story-Haw­ ing this most worthwhile, historic and sig­ of course, you know that in 1954 Ross BASs thorne's story-of the Great Stone Face­ nificant celebration. did run for Congress and was elected-and the boy continued to look upon the image in Each year on July 4, we as a nation cele­ since then he has been one of my highly the mountains in his midst--until he became brate Independence Day as the birthday of respected and esteemed colleagues in the to look like the great stone face himself. our freedom and independence, and appro­ Congress of the United States. Giles Countians have also looked upon the priately so, to recall to our minds and to Ross, I sure hated to lose Giles County mountain, as it were, and have acquired the instill into our youth the trials of our fore­ from the district I represent, but it is cer­ strength of character which distinguished fathers and the sacrifices they made that tainly good to have in Washington such a Senator Giles, General Pulaski, and their pio­ we might enjoy in prosperity, the blessings distinguished and capable colleague with neer ancestors. They are among our finest of freedom, independence and liberty of this whom I can confer and work together for stock of Tennessee folks-rugged individuals the greatest Nation on earth. Tennessee. . and patriots to the core. Like Pulaski and Just 2 years ago this summer we, as a Na­ As a former Representative of this county, Sam Davis of a later day, they fight for what tion, celebrated the 350th anniversary of the I share with you the glory and joy of this they want and believe in as right. settlement of our first pior1eers at James­ celebration. The history of Giles County Pulaski is a milestone in the TVA story town, Va. This was a great occasion in glows with stories of rugged pioneers, cou­ for this was the first Tennessee municipality which the citizens of the immediate area rageous soldiers, energetic farmers, and hard­ to utilize TVA power. I mention TVA as locally, together with State and National working friendly citizens. We are proud of Giles Countians have not only been pioneers officials and representatives of our allies, this past ·oecause these people worked for in this field but constant and present-day significantly marked the founding of the the things they wanted; they were not fighters to preserve and perpetuate TVA's first permanent English settlement in easily discouraged and didn't hesitate to principles. America. fight--whether it be with gun against the The fight for TVA was not over· when it We as a nation have grown from 13 weak, Indians or with plow and hoe against the was established. We in the Congress and insecure and loosely connected colonies on forest and cane brakes. Yet the early set­ those of you on the homefront have had to the eastern seaboard of this country and tlers of this area did not work and fight fight to preserve it again and again over the with le~s than a million people to a nation only for the betterment of themselves, they years. We have been recently successful in today of 50 States, strong and united, reach­ helped their neighbors and wme interested steering the self-financing bill through Con­ ing across the width and breadth of this in the betterment of the community as a gress during this session and we hope it will land to the ice and snow caps of Alaska to whole. James McCallum, who came here in become law within the next few weeks. the balmy climate of Hawaii in the Pacific 1809, and is apparently Giles County's first However, there are always those who are will­ with 177 million people. historian, has written how all the neighbors ing and waiting to sabotage this project. In this growth and in this progress, would assemble and help build houses for But with constant vigilance, and continued Pulaski and Giles County, to my mind, stand newcomers 1n the early Giles County com­ support from our friends, TVA will be of even out as typical and representative of the munity, and how if the new settlers hap­ greater benefit to our people and the Nation. heart and growth of America. The spirit of pened to arrive late in the spring and were The actual preserving of TVA was a work cooperation, of friendship and of helpful­ not likely to get enough ground cleared of democracy in action in itself. When the ness have been expressive of the character to raise enough corn, the neighbors would enemies of the TVA began their devious of the people of Giles County-from its all work a few days chopping or making planning to thwart and eventually destroy early beginning-throughout the years and rails for them, as McCallum wrote. From TVA, we found friends all over this great even until this very day. the very beginning this county has been Nation. They were willing to fight for an I have never forgotten how warmly the endowed with the spirit of helpfulness, co­ agency they knew would benefit the people people of Giles County received me in 1946 operation, and friendship, on which our great and in whose purposes they believe even when I first ran for Congress-when Giles democracy has been built. though it offered no direct benefit to their County was a part of Tennessee's great Fifth This fine county was named after a man particular area. As Senator Giles came to District. I came in your midst unknown who shared these ideas of helping others the aid of Tennessee in its struggle for state­ and unacquainted and you people received for the betterment of the Nation as a whole. hood, and as Pulaski left his native country me warmly and were exceedingly nice and Senator William B. Giles was a freedom­ to fight for freedom in a strange and faraway gave generously of your friendship and sup­ loving Virginian who helped Tennessee in land, these people came forth in defense of port and we carried the county and won its fight for statehood. This distinguished an idea and were vital in winning the my initial campaign for elective office. I gentleman had nothing to gain personally victory. still feel indebted to you for the support by his efforts except the joy of helping But this has not been a one-way street. you gave me in that first campaign-and for others and of contributing to the strength­ We who represent the TVA area have sup­ the warmth of your friendship over the ening of the democratic tradition. He real­ ported the principle of development of our years. ized that a healthy and properly functioning natural resources in projects throughout the I not only remember with pleasure how democracy must grant self-government to Nation-the St. Lawrence, Great Lakes Sea­ kind you were to me, but I also remember peoples as soon as they are ready and able way, the upper Colorado, Columbia River that I met for the first time two men whom to govern themselves. He also knew that basin, the Bonneville Power Administration, I have grown to respect and admire while freedom-loving people must rise to help and other great resource development pro­ visiting in your county some 10 years ago. their neighbors and friends in securing and grams. Both of these men were also running for protecting this freedom and the privileges Here we have heard the call of an ideal in elective office at that time. One of these it holds. which we believe and have answered with men was in his first statewide race-I be­ Count Casimir Pulaski, the noble Polish firm support, helping other areas develop lieve I met him at Prospect-or maybe at general after whom this city is named, is their resources and in return receiving their Elkton. But anyway, he won that race and one of our greatest examples of an individual help on the TVA. In a great Nation such was elected to the railroad and public util­ willing to work-and to fight for the ideals as ours we cannot take a regional or pro­ ities commission. I have admired Andrew he believed in wherever the call for liberty vincial or selfish attitude but must support ••Tip" Taylor through the years and have might be heard. This young aristocrat those ideas which we know to be good and watched with interest his fine record of pub­ fought well for freedom in his native Poland of benefit to our country throughout the lic service as commissioner and judge and and realizing that tyrants must be opposed country. soldier-since our first meeting. whenever and wherever they raise their Today we are faced with an even broader The other young man was just out of the mighty hand to challenge liberty, he joined problem-that of supporting our ideals of Army, and I think he was wearing his vet­ this Nation in its struggle for independence democracy and freedom on an international eran's service button when I first met him and freedom. scale, and helping other people throughout up near Lynnville. He was a fine, clean-cut Had not such noble patriots as young the world to obtain and retain their freedom young man and ambitious-in fact so am­ Pulaski come to the aid of this Republic and against the threat of Communist tyranny. bitious that he was making his first bid for the democratic principles upon which it was In this task, too, we need the same spirit elective office against one of the most be­ founded, we might never have known the of helpfulness and cooperation-of helping loved and respected citizens of Giles County, complete and individual freedom we share others as the people of Giles County have Gilbert Abernathy. The voters returned Gil today. always exhibited. Abernathy to the courthouse and his job as Each year in Congress a special day is set We must help our friends and neighbors county court clerk. However, I liked this aside for debate and eulogy of the life and throughout the world defend themselves clean-cut young man and you people of character of Count Casimir Pulaski, and on against the cancer of communism. We can­ Giles County seemed to like him; and when several occasions I have participated in these not be provincial. When a fire is spreading there was a vacancy in the office of post­ programs, advising our colleagues that in in a neighbor's house or field-we all must master here in Pulaski, I was happy to nom­ Tennessee we have a fine town named for this join in to put it out before the fire spreads inate and recommend Ross BAss for the great patriot. to engulf us all. position. It has always seemed appropriate to me I am confident that just as working to-­ This young man not only served as an that the people of Giles County should have gether has built up this fine county and this efficient postmaster, but was so energetic Pulaski as the name for its county seat. For fine city, so working with other nations fo~ 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 14185 the ideals in which we believe will in the end of the payment period to 54 years. In its distributors and not by TVA itself result in a triumph of democracy over the substance, it is proposed to partially are concerned, no limitation whatsoever spread and onrush of communism and allay the past criticism that TVA pays is placed upon the transmission, distri­ tyranny. So we see, my friends, here in the history no interest on the taxpayers' money by bution, resale, or use of TVA power out­ of Giles County we have an example of the requiring interest payments on part of side of its existing service area. I be­ way in which our democratic processes and the money advanced to TVA and ap­ lieve the only effective way to keep TVA ideals can work successfully to bring us a parently in return it is proposed to au­ from unlimited expansion is to continue better life. We also have a wonderful ex­ thorize the extension of the time period to require all appropriations to be made ample of how dedication to these ideals and for payment of a reduced amount of by the Congress. the willingness to work together and with principal repayment by 14 years. It is probably safe to say that no Con­ ot hers will contribute to preserving and fur­ thering our ideals and our way of life. The argument that more money would gress is going to be willing to give TVA I am sure that continuing in this great be required to be paid by TVA in the next $750 million or more in additional ap­ tradition, Giles County and Pulaski will con­ year or so than TVA is now paying propriated funds. A willingness on the tinue to move forward, will continue to grow does not stack up against the current part of Congress at this time to give and to build a progressive, forward-looking firm obligation of TVA to pay up a big­ TVA authority to issue up to $750 mil­ community-that expresses the best features ger principal in full within the shorter lion in bonds in .the face of our lack of of our way of life. Certainly, the best advice 40-year time period. enthusiasm for providing additional ap­ that we can give the coming generation o~ propriated funds over a number of years residents of Giles County and indeed the I do not believe Congress is safeguard­ entire Nation is to continue in the same ing the best interests of the people when is indicative of the extent to which the traditions that have made Giles County what it deliberately sets about to abrogate its Congress would be abandoning its direct it is today. That is the best road not only power to initiate annual appropriations control over the scope and direction of to a better community but also to a better for such a controversial and socialistic the TVA power-producing and distribu­ nation and a better world. operation as that of the TV A. Although tion system. I salute you all, my friends, of a great the bill provides the Congress may dis­ While I am willing to concede that county, a grand citizenship; as you cele­ approve, I do not need to tell you that there may be some justification for the brate your 150th anniversary. I wish for you another 150 years of growth and prog­ such disapproval is seldom exercised in Government to generate electric power ress--and more. other instances where back-door-type as a byproduct of its flood-control proj­ I congratulate you-all those who have financing is permitted. Nor probably do ects in the Tennessee Valley, I am firmly helped to make Giles County the great coun­ I need tell you that this minor preroga­ opposed to the further encouragement ty that it is-and commend your noble tive is a far cry from the direct control and uncontrolled expansion of TVA's heritage as we salute those who will in the over TVA we have constitutionally ex­ power-producing activities through future, defend, promote, protect, and per­ ercised in the past through the accepted steampower production facilities. It is petuate your great heritage and the ideals of for the expansion of these steampower freedom, liberty, and demorcacy which your manner of carrying out the people's busi­ county represents and her citizens cherish. ness by direct annual appropriations. facilities that we are being requested As you well know, many of us believe it to authorize the issuance of up to $750 is high time that less rather than more million in bonds and in so doing to re­ loopholes be provided for bypassing the linquish our direct means of control over TVA Self-Financing Legislation, Appropriations Committees of the Con­ the activities of the TVA through the gress in funding the carrying out of oper­ exercise of the annual appropriation H.R. 3460 ations and programs of the executive process. agencies. This bill will not only abro­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS gate the exercise of our full powers but OF will legislatively enact a continuing back­ Eleventh Annual Upper Missouri Basin door operation in the management of a Conference HON. WILLIAM H. MILLIKEN, JR. public enterprise well heeled with some OF PENNSYLVANIA $1.3 billion of the taxpayers' money. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES EXTENSION OF REMARKS The language in the Senate bill does OF Thursday, July 23, 1959 not effectively close the door to the fur­ ther expansion of TVA. The Vinson Mr. MILLIKEN. Mr. Speaker, I am HON. JAMES E. MURRAY firmly opposed to the proposed so-called amendment attempted to close the door OF MONTANA to further expansion by stipulating that IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES TVA self-financing legislation, H.R. 3460. unless specifically authorized by the It is not $1.2 billion of taxpayers' Congress, the present power facilities Thursday, July 23,1959 money we are concerned with but $1.6 and those subsequently acquired by TVA billion, less upward of $250 million Mr. MURRAY. Mr. President, I ask 1 shall not be used for the sale or delivery unanimous consent to have printed in which TVA has paid back. The bill in of power for use outside the service the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a copy of a question concerns itself with provision area of TVA as it existed on July 1, 1957, letter I have written to Mr. Harold for payment of principle and interest on with the one exception that, when eco­ Lorenz, president of the Chamber of but $1 billion of this amount and interest nomically feasible, it is permissible for Commerce of Sidney, Mont., on the oc­ payment on an additional $200 million. TVA to provide service for interconnec­ C31Sion of the 11th Annual Upper Mis­ No provision is made for repayment of tion with other utility systems for ex­ souri Basin Conference on July 23, 1959. the $200 million of appropriated money change power arrangements which were I also insert a copy of an address to the supplied by the taxpayer. Nor is any pro­ in effect on July 1, 1957. This amend­ conference by Commissioner of Recla­ vision made for interest to be paid on the ment has already been abridged in the mation Floyd E. Dominy on that occa­ balance of the $40(} million derived from Senate-approved draft of H.R. 3460 by the use of money provided by the Con­ sion. permitting exceptions in a number of These insertions reflect my views with gress and due the taxpayers, far less the instances. This immediately raises the repayment of the principal involved, respect to reclamation in Montana, and question, Why just these? Why not oth­ I call attention of the Senate to the $400 million in power revenues which was ers? Believe me, if not now, the pressure reinvested by TVA for purposes of in­ urgency of continuing the reclamation will really be on for others in the future program with such examples as the creasing the power potential of TVA if we give the TVA $750 million bond­ facilities. issuing authority. lower Yellowstone project before us. On those moneys with which the bill Furthermore, the language in the Sen­ There being no objection, the letter does concern itself the existing legislated ate version of H.R. 3460 limits only the and address were ordered to be printed obligation of TVA to pay up within a 40- "making of contracts" by TV A and does in the RECORD, as follows: year period is canceled out by providing not purport to place limitation or re­ JULY 17, 1959. legislative authorization for an extension Mr. HAROLD LORENZ, striction whatever upon the resale or President, Chamber of Commerce, 1 TVA had paid Into the U.S. Treasury, use of TVA power by its distributors. Sidney, Mont. from power revenues, a total of $250,131,- Consequently, insofar as transmission, DEAR MR. LORENZ: On the occasion of the 519.36 as of June 30, 1958. distribution, and use of TVA power by 11th Annual Upper Missouri Basin Irrigators 14186 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE July 23. Conference at Sidney on July 23, I extend to green irrigated fields is the accomplish­ were no tractors, trucks, or automobiles, or my congratulations to the participants and ment we are celebrating on the occasion of the other equipment that has made modern especially to the water users of the lower this golden anniversary. mechanized farming considerably easier on Yellowstone project, as well as the good folks There are many milestones associated with the man's back and a woman's patience. of Sidney who are so closely associated with the growth of the 56,000-acre lower Yellow­ There is still a lot of hard two-fisted work this reclamation development. stone project. There is a story of its own connected with farming today, but when the You are indeed fortunate in having as in each and every individual farm within lower Yellowstone project was started it was your principal speaker the Commissioner of the project. There is an equally interest­ all hard work, as I am sure you pioneers who Reclamation, Floyd E. Dominy. No man in ing story in the establishment and growth are seated at the table with me can testify. the active service of reclamation today is of the business communities serving the The 1,800 residents who live on the 322 better qualified to handle this important project area. farms of the 56,000-acre lower Yellowstone job. I have so told Secretary Seaton of my Irrigation, with its intensive development project, the 6,000 or 7,000 people who live in views when he promoted Mr. Dominy. and use of the land, has been an important Sidney and Fairview, and their predecessors I have read advance copies of the Commis­ factor in creation of thriving urban centers on the farms and in the cities have made sioner's speech and I thoroughly agree with built on the increased need for services for this area the self-reliant and confident com­ his recognition of the contribution the lower the rural areas. munity that it is today. To these people go Yellowstone project had made to the econ­ All that we see today as we view this pleas­ the honors for the success the project has omy of eastern Montana. The example it ant valley has taken place because of the enjoyed and is enjoying. And just what is has set should be the forerunner of other availability of water. "Golden Water" is this success? What are these positive ac­ reclamation developments. the story of reclamation throughout the complishments? Just now we are pressing for appropria­ West, and it is particularly true of the Yel­ During half a century of operations, the tions to start the East Bench unit in the lowstone River Basin which has pioneered project has produced crops having a cumula­ Beaverhead Valley and the Yellowtail power much irrigation development. There are 10 tive value of $75,515,000, or about 21 times and irrigation unit in the Big Horn. We Bureau of Reclamation projects within the the net cost of constructing the project are pressing for favorable action at this ses­ Yellowstone River Basin, with a total ir­ which was $3,585,928. And I might add, sion of the Congress to provide funds to rigable area of about 280,000 acres. Last with great gratification, the project's success start these two units. year, the water users of the Shoshone project, is also typified in another manner-the We do not propose to stop there. We will in Wyoming, celebrated their 50th anniver­ landowners of the project have repaid nearly press for reclamation developments else­ sary; the year before, the irrigators of the 83 percent of the reimbursable irrigation where when justified. Huntley project, near Billings, commemorated allocation. In our efforts we appreciate the fine co­ their golden birthday, and today we are ob­ As all of you know, the cumulative gross operation from persons such as the water serving the Golden Year of the Golden Water value of crops grown on the project is but users of the lower Yellowstone project, who for this project. a portion of the full production that has oc­ realize the great value of this important re­ In celebrating this important observance curred on the project. The lower Yellow­ source development. we are, in part, commemorating the efforts stone project has become widely noted for Sincerely, of the thousands of men and women who de­ its production of sugar beets and its large JAMES E. MURRAY, veloped the irrigated lands of the Yellowstone and expanding livestock feeding operations. U.S. Senator from Montana. Basin. Your prosperity is not solely the re­ The project and the concomitant sugar fac­ sult of the efforts of these dedicated people, tory operation are a solid base for permanent THE GOLDEN YEAR OF GOLDEN WATER but irrigation has perhaps been the most success and prosperity of this thriving and important single factor in the ecouomic progressive community. (Address by Commissioner of Reclamation The fattening of lambs and beef cattle, Floyd E. Dominy before the project tour growth of the valley. The lower Yellowstone project has provided which contributes so greatly to the success session of the 11th Annual Upper Missouri of the project, is one of the principal occu­ Basin Irrigators Conference at Sidney, one of the most fascinating chapters in the Mont., Thursday, July 23, 1959) history of the Yellowstone Basin. I realize pations on the lower Yellowstone project. you are well acquainted with your project It is a remarkable story. Tens of thousands The opportunity to join with you in cele­ of feeder lambs and feeder cattle, grown on brating the golden anniversary of the lower but, if I may, I would like to recall very brief­ ly some highlights of its past. rangeland extending from western North Yellowstone project is an honor which gives Dakota to near the Continental Divide in me great pleasure. We are here today to The Reclamation Service, as the Bureau of Reclamation was then known, began its in­ Montana, and into northern Wyoming, are commemorate "the Golden Year of the fattened on this project. The complemen­ Golden Water," a slogan very appropriately vestigation of the lower Yellowstone Valley tary use of irrigated land with dry-farmed selected by the Sidney Chamber of Com­ in 1903, only a year after passage of the orig­ inal Reclamation Act of 1902. A board of land and ranged land, even as far as 300 merce. miles away from the irrigated farms on the The Yellowstone was once the thorough­ consulting engineers examined the proposed project and submitted a report on April 23, lower Yellowstone project, is one of the fare of the explorers, the fur trappers, and significant agricultural developments in the the fur traders. It was on a summer day, 1904. This report served as basis for the au­ Missouri River basin. like this, more than 150 years ago, that Cap­ thorization of the project by the Secretary A study made recently by the Bureau of tain Clark, of the Lewis and Clark expedi­ of the Interior on May 10, 1904. An organi­ zation known as the Lower Yellowstone Water Reclamation, entitled "A Half Century of tion, visited this valley. He wrote in his Progress, Lower Yellowstone Project," pro­ journal on July 24, 1806, when a short dis­ Users' Association was formed during the fall vides some interesting information regarding tance upstream, "• • • for me to mention and winter of 1904 and 1905, and, on May 30, the project, and particularly the facts con­ or give an estimate of the different species of 1905, members of that organization entered cerning the livestock feeding activities of the wild animals on the river, particularly buf­ into a contract with the Secretary of the In­ project. The report shows that the total falo, elk, antelope, and wolves, would be terior to repay the entire cost of construct­ numbers of livestock fed for the market in incredible. I shall therefore be silent on ing the project. Construction activities be­ the last 5 seasons were 41,000 cattle and the subject further." gan in the summer of 1905 and first irriga­ 539,000 sheep. But on July 31, as his men descended the tion water was available April 30, 1909. In 1956, the American people ate 83 pounds Yellowstone-the area that is now the lower Expansion of the project was relatively of beef and 10 pounds of lamb and mutton Yellowstone-the captain could not be silent slow for several decades. One of the reasons per person. The lower Yellowstone project as he watched the immense herds of buffalo. was a widespread reluctance to forsake the shipments of fat beef and lambs in 1956 "I was obliged to let the buffalo cross over, saddle and cowboy boots and take up work therefore provided sufficient beef that year notwithstanding an island of half a mile on foot, with long-handled irrigation shovel for 74,000 persons and enough lamb and in width over which this gangue of buffalo and a pair of rubber boots. Then, too, dur­ mutton for more than 1 million Americans had to pass," he wrote in his journal, ing the second decade of the new century living in many States of the Union. The pro­ "• • • the herd stretched as thickly as there was a great opportunity to homestead duction of sugar beets on the lower Yellow­ they could swim, from one side to the other, larger acreages of dryland which seemed stone project in 1957 was 160,830 tons on and the party was obliged to stop for an more attractive to the man seeking a farm 11,198 acres, producing enough sugar that hour." Below their night's camp, "two other of his own. At that time there was little year for 523)000 persons, on the basis of 100 herds of buffalo, as numerous as the first, knowledge of the advantages of irrigation pounds per person. soon crossed the river." farming, including greatly increased yields The fattening of lambs and beef cattle The wilderness, with its increditable under irrigation and the insurance against surely has contributed to the success of the number of wild animals that Captain Clark occurring drought. lower Yellowstone project. This operation observed in 1806 disappeared many, many Many of the irrigators and dryland farmers provides a local market for the subar beet years ago. The fur traders and fur trap­ were starting a new life in agriculture. They tops and most of the sugar beet pulp. The pers have become only pages of western his­ had been laborers, clerks, white-collar work­ beet tops and dried and pelletized beet pulp tory, and the hundreds of thousands of ers, and even professional men. But all had are supplemented by alfalfa hay, grown cattle that trailed northward from Texas a single goal. They were seeking new oppor­ mainly on the project, and by feed grains to Wyoming and Montana, the era of the tunities in the West. They were ambitious grown both on the project and on dryland open range, are but a remembrance. Today and eager but they lacked farm know-how. farms within a wide radius of the project. we are recalling another later era in the his­ The land was there and the water was avail­ The nutrient content of the crops, and tory of the Yellowstone. From sagebrush able for the irrigation of that land, but there necessarily the food product made from 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 14187- them, is a direct function of soil fertility suits of their discussions, are the ends Labor's Support of Our Position in and is dependent on the annual restora­ whereby full and needed production can be· tion of vital plant nutrients in the soil. reached. I am sure this conference will be Regard to the Berlin Crisis More than $60,000 worth of manure is hauled as useful and productive as the past 11 from feedlots to field annually to help meetings have been. EXTENSION OF REMARKS maintain fertility and organic content of It is appropriate that this conference 1s the soil, thus making for permanently suc­ being held here during the golden anniver­ OF cessful agriculture. sary of the lower Yellowstone project. This While the expanding livestock feeding project has a particularly interesting history HON. ALVIN M. BENTLEY operation, with its all1ed activities, is such in the field of operation and maintenance. OF MICHIGAN an interesting success story that it 1s dif­ An operating agency known locally as the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ficult to stop, it would be well to empha­ board of control, not only operates and main­ size other positive accomplishments of the tains the two irrigation districts of the lower Thursday, July 23, 1959 lower Yellowstone project. For instance, Yellowstone project but also the nearby ad­ Mr. BENTLEY. Mr. Speaker, under the study made by the Bureau of Recla­ jacent Intake project and the Savage unit of leave to extend my remarks in the REc­ mation shows that: the Missouri River Basin project. ORD, I wish to call the attention of this The irrigated land of the lower Yellow­ During today's morning session, officials stone project outproduces adjacent nonir­ of the lower Yellowstone project explained body to the following text of a letter rigated land by about six times. to you the mechanics of their operating with enclosures which I recently received Irrigated land values are 12 times the agency, and how such an organization is from Mr. Jay Lovestone, Department of value of grazing land and 4 times the designed to serve you and your neighboring International Affairs of the AFL-CIO. value of dry cropland. water users. The operating agency concept, I know this strong reaffirmation of The more intensive use of resources, and whether you call it a board of control, the American labor's support of our position concentration of population, both brought water users' round table, or any other in regard to the Berlin crisis will be of about by irrigation, have improved commu­ name, is not some superagency dictating to nity development through expanded hotel the irrigation districts. interest to all Members of this body: and motel facilities for the convenience of It is a servant of the districts, created by AMERICAN FEDERATION travelers, construction of a good hospital them and holding no power and no author­ OF LABOR AND CONGRESS OF which serves ranchers and project farm­ ity not granted by them. It has no hard and INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONS, ers, and better schools. fast organizational structure but can be Washington, D.O., July 17, 1959. Retail sales are four times as great in tailored to the individual needs of a given Hon. ALVIN M. BENTLEY, Richland County, Mont., in which two­ group or area. And in these days of rising House Office Building, thirds of the project is located, as in the costs and the attendant need for skillful, Washington, D.O. nearby nonirrigated county, an area of qualified personnel, it offers an opportunity DEAR CONGRESSMAN BENTLEY; Thank you equal size. for savings and improvement. very much for your letter of July 14. I re­ The lower Yellowstone project has in­ As water users, you have a full realization ceived it with much appreciation, especially creased local employment in business and of the overwhelming importance of water in the tearsheet Of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD professions twentyfold. our lives and the necessity of taking positive which contained a reprint from the AFL-CIO Personal income in the irrigated area is steps to conserve it and use it wisely. To­ Free Trade Union News. three times greater than in the nearby day's national demand for water-250 bil­ Because of your interest in American labor, county of equal size. Residents of the ir­ lion gallons a day-will be double that I am enclosing for your information a letter rigated area enjoy a higher level of liv­ amount in 20 years. As you know, a pos­ written on July 14 by Mr. George Meany, ing than in the comparison area and pay sible remedy close to you is the urgent re­ president of the American Federation of La­ one-third less non-Federal taxes per capita, quirement for reducing water loss attribut­ bor and Congress of Industrial Organiza­ because of the much wider tax base pro­ able to seepage, weeds and other growths, as tions, to U.S. President Dwight D. Eisen­ vided by the agricultural economy. well as any other water wastes that may hower, and President Eisenhower's reply to The project is responsible for providing take place. To the water user, the conserva­ the same. employment to many persons residing in tion of irrigation water and the production of In his letter, Mr. Meany refutes the glaring other parts of the country in the manu­ needed food are inseparable subjects. distortion, concerning the position of Ameri­ facture, transportation, selling, and serv­ We can anticipate that the irrigated can labor and its support of the American icing of project-produced commodities and acreage in Montana, Wyoming, South Government's policy in regard to the Berlin in those industries that produce goods and Dakota, and North Dakota will increase in crisis, which Soviet Premier Khrushchev services to meet the needs of project resi­ years to come. Completion of the mainstem presented to Averell Harriman during the dents, such as farm machinery, automotive storage system on the Missouri River and the latter's recent trip to Russia. equipment, furniture, clothing, to name continuing construction of storage reservoirs I am sure that both letters will prove only a few. Merchandise shipped into the on the tributaries will insure the availability worthy of your attention. area comes from 32 States. of water. With kind regards, I remain. Federal tax revenues from the project area During recent years, hundreds of future Sincerely yours, since 1940 alone equaled nearly twice the potential water users of the proposed mam­ JAY LOVESTONE, Federal cost of project construction. moth 1 million-acre Garrison diversion unit Department of International Affairs. The story of this project has been re­ in North and South Dakota, have visited peated, of course, over and over elsewhere here and have become acquainted with the AFL-CIO President George Meany today all through the West, and each project has accomplishments of the lower Yellowstone released the text of the following letter to a success story of its own made possible project. There are, no doubt, many of you President Eisenhower, dated July 14: through the efforts of each and every water here today from these same areas, and we "DEAR MR. PRESIDENT; According to press user. are glad to have you with us. Your observa­ reports, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev Today, irrigators and prospective irri­ tions of the lower Yellowstone project will has told Mr. Averell Harriman that, though gators from Montana, North Dakota, South be important in determining the value of the leaders of both parties supported your Dakota, and Wyoming are gathered here to irrigation in your communities. The Gar­ position in regard to the Berlin crisis, the take part in a project tour session of the rison diversion unit, With its prospect of American workers did not. 11th annual meeting of the Water Users' intensive irrigation farming, feedlots, and "In view of the reconvening of the For­ Irrigation Conference, an organization spon­ service and processing industries, Will pro­ eign Ministers' Conference at Geneva, I deem sored by region 6 of the Bureau of Recla­ vide opportunities far beyond the fondest it necessary, Mr. President to write you re­ mation. hopes of the western homesteader of half a garding the above. The water users attending this conference century ago. "Mr. Khrushchev's statement is a deliber­ represent about 2 million acres of irrigated Over and over again, reclamation projects ate misrepresentation of the facts rather land within the northern tier of the Mis­ have developed and prospered in all parts of than a mere misconception concerning the souri River Basin States. Within that area the West and the miracle of opportunities, United States. Khrushchev knows very well there are 17 projects constructed by the such as shown on the lower Yellowstone that several months ago, American labor Bureau of Reclamation, serving nearly 500,- project, will happen again as the Garrison publicly pledged its support of every effort 000 acres', or about one-fourth of the total. diversion unit and other potential irriga­ by our country and its NATO allies to save Th~y are, in the main, managers and ir­ tion projects throughout the Missouri River the freedom of West Berlin. On February 20, rigation district officials who operate and Basin are developed. 1959, the AFL-CIO Executive Council con­ maintain one of the largest and most im­ Golden water is the wand whose touch sidered the Berlin crisis and unanimously portant businesses in this area. Annually, brings golden harvests. Golden water is the adopted a statement declaring in part: they spend m1llions of dollars to operate creator of homes, farms, and industries. The "'The Executive Council welcomes the and maintain the irrigation systems that creation of future irrigation projects within fact that the United States, Britain, France, deliver water to these many large and small the basin, similar to the accomplishments so the German Feder~l Republic, and the other projects, the most productive agricultural definitely emphasized by the water users and NATO powers have rejected unequivocally land in this region. The problems they dis­ other businessmen of the lower Yellowstone the Soviet ultimatum that the Allied Forces cuss, the solutions they obtain as the re- project, is a challenge that must be met. get out of Berlin. • • • Neither the freedom 14188 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE July 23 of West Berlin, nor the freedom of the 50 mil­ have been keenly aware and appreciative of To repeat what I said in a previous lion people of West Germany, can be ob­ the firm stand taken by the AFL-CIO in sup­ salute to this valuable ally: "The Repub­ jects of international bargaining. In the in­ port of the Government's refusal to abandon terest of their own security and self-preserva­ either the free people of West Berlin or our lic of Liberia-land of great contrasts tion, the democracies cannot accept any re­ rights and responsibilities respecting that between the primitive and the modern­ unification of Germany which is not reunlfl.­ city. may be the pivot on which will swing the cation in freedom, through U.N.-supervised Your present letter should convince every­ future of Atlantic Africa." free elections.' one, including the Soviets, that in the United Under the courageous, dynamic leader-, "In line with this assessment, the AFL­ States labor is free, and because it is free, it ship of President Tubman, Liberia stands CIO Executive Council presented a 6-point is part of the decision-making process in today as a monument to free world program and called for 'the strongest West­ our country. When free citizens form their ern unity and preparedness for any eventual­ conclusions and convictions on matters that achievement. ity * * *' to 'preserve world peace, save affect America's international position, they Seeking investments, not alms, the Berlin's freedom, and hasten the day when cannot be divided on the basis of vocation, country opened wide its doors to foreign the German people will be united in free­ creed, or partisan politics. The efforts of any investment with a liberal policy that has dom.' outsider to divide America are bound to fail brought vast benefits to both investors "Arrogance rather than ignorance also ex­ when the basic beliefs and the vital interests and Liberia alike. plains the Soviet dictator's telling Mr. Harri­ of this Nation are at stake. With its great store of natural re­ man that the American working class had no I am grateful for your letter, because even voice in the political affairs of the United though I have had no doubt in my own heart sources being developed by some of the States. Only last November, the Soviet press or mind of AFL-CIO solidarity in this matter, world's largest and most respected busi­ recognized the important part played by I salute your entire membership for reaffirm­ nesses, including our own Firestone Rub­ American labor in the last U.S. congressional ing this solidarity before the entire world. ber Co.; B. F. Goodrich Rubber Co.; and elections. Khrushchev knows that through With warm regard. Republic Steel, the country is afire with its independent political activities Amer­ Sincerely, industrial activity. ican labor has become increasingly influen­ DWIGHT EISENHOWER. New roads, harbors, airfields, commu­ tial in the political life of our Nation-not only in regard to social and economic legis­ nications lines, businesses, hospitals, and lation but also in respect to foreign policy. schools are rising throughout the land. Surely, Khrushchev has not forgotten that Liberia Celebrates 112th Anniversary of National income has multiplied. Social it was American labor which prompted the legislation has been enacted protecting United Nations-ILO condemnation of forced Independence the weak. Its diplomatic missions stand labor behind the Iron Curtain. Nor has he majestically in the major countries of yet forgotten the vital role played by Amer­ the world. ican labor in the U.N. condemnation of the EXTENSION OF REMARKS savage Soviet aggression against the Hun­ OF With industrialization underway, the garian people. country embarked upon a program of na­ "When Khrushchev speaks of the Ameri­ HON. ADAM C. POWELL tional unification-uniting in firm, ami­ can working class he thinks of the Commu­ OF NEW YORK able bonds the Republic's estimated 2% nist Party in the United States. Despite its IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES million people, including 28 tribes with enjoying all the privileges and rights of de­ Thursday, July 23. 1959 23 different tribal dialects. mocracy, the Communist Party in the Of these programs, President Tubman United States has been declining and is of no Mr. POWELL. Mr. Speaker, when I has said: serious consequence in the American labor returned from the Bandung Conference movement or political life of the Nation. I announced that I would address the Because of the success of the unification When Khrushchev made the above false as­ and other development prograins, Liberia sertions, he undoubtedly had in mind the U.S. Congress each time there was an has become a place where all Liberians and insignificant Communist organization in the anniversary of one of the 29 nations foreigners alike can live freely under the United States and not the American work­ participating in the Asian-African Con­ law without discrimination, fear or hin­ ing people. ference who are on friendly terms with drance. While these programs have brought "Furthermore, no American citizen or or­ the United States. to our shores persons of all races and nation­ ganization has authorized or requested Mr. Today it is my pleasure to pay tribute alities, I am happy to state that side by Khrushchev to speak in behalf of labor or side we have worked to achieve satisfactory to one of our stanchest friends on the results. Over the years this nation has any other section of the American people. continent of Africa-the Republic of In fact, we are completely convinced that, made progress in health and sanitation; free elections in the U.S.S.R. would show Liberia which celebrates the 112th anni­ transportation and communication; agricul­ that Mr. Khrushchev does not speak even versary of its independence on Sunday, ture; education and other related fields. for the workers of his own country. July 26. I wish to extend greetings to But there is yet need for greater, more ex­ "Mr. President, it is not so much ignorance President William V. S. Tub~an, to the tended and expanded development. or misconception of our democratic way of Government and people of Liberia and to We are not content with our accomplish­ life and its free institutions which prompts His Excellent George Arthur Padmore, ments; for until the whole of Africa is linked the Kremlin to wage the cold war against us by first-class roads, bridges and other means Liberia's Ambassador to the United of transportation; until there are hospitals, and to threaten humanity with an atomic States. conflagration. Khrushchev and his Commu­ clinics, schools and hotels fully equipped nist regime fear and hate democracy, because Founded in 1822 by freed American and staffed by trained personnel; until our they know and understand it is to be the ob­ slaves under auspices of the American communications system spans the entire stacle to their drive for conquering the world Colonization Society, Liberia declared continent and world making contacts easy and remolding it on the Soviet pattern. her independence as a free and sovereign and speedy; until cheap and modern power "In this critical situation confronting our state on July 26, 1847, thus becoming one is made available to attract and encourage country and all mankind, I assure you, Mr. more large-scale industrial activities; until of only two republics in the world gov­ our agricultural products are sufficient not President, that American labor is solidly with erned by Negroes. you in seeking to rally our own and all other only for local consumption but also to reach liberty-loving nations for joint all-out efforts Since then she has quietly and thor­ the world markets and yield adequate re­ to preserve the freedom of the people of West oughly engaged in the great task of turns; until the peoples of our continent are Berlin, to promote the reunification of Ger­ nation building, erecting what was until free and independent to enjoy their inherent many in freedom, and just and lasting world a few years ago the lone Republic in all rights in common with the peoples of other continents, we of this continent cannot be peace. Africa. contented. Neither can we relax our efforts. "Sincerely yours, In many respects, as Ambassador Pad­ This is therefore a great task which re­ "GEORGE MEANY!' more has said often, Liberia is an exten­ quires hard work and earnest strivings. It sion of America onto African soil. Following is the text of a letter received to­ requires patience, tolerance and under­ day by AFL-CIO President George Meany Founded by Americans, her political, standing, not rash and hasty actions. We social, and economic systems follow must learn to work and live together with from President Eisenhower: all races and people as brothers. THE WHITE HoUSE, closely those of the United States. Washington, July 15, 1959. In war and peace she has been our un­ Liberia's program of domestic indus­ Mr. GEORGE MEANY, questionable ally in Africa. trialization and unification referred to President, American Federation of Labor and Over three-fourths of her exports are by President Tubman is now bearing Congress of Industrial Organizations, Washington, D.C. shipped to us. The United States, in fruits. So is her insistence on freedom DEAR MR. MEANY: Thank you very much for turn, has aided materially in Liberia's and independence for the whole of your letter of yesterday. For a long time I economic development. Africa. 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 14189 When Liberia was the lone African re­ I salute Ambassador Padmore for out­ will demonstrate to people everywhere public she consistently voted for and standing performances in representing the peacetime use of atomic energy, sponsored resolutions and measures in so creditably the Republic of Liberia in harnessed for the improvement of hu­ the United Nations condemning the op­ our country. man living." And I think we could have pression and subjugation of her fellow May Liberia continue to enjoy God's had it for the happiness of all mankind. Africans under colonialism and imperi­ blessings of progress and prosperity. The master of ceremonies was Mr. alism. Liberia sponsored resolutions for Harry W. Pierce, vice chairman of the the liberation of Libya, Morocco, Tuni­ board of the New York Shipbuilding sia, the Sudan, and Ghana. She re­ Corp. cently welcomed into the community of Address by Hon. Herbert C. Bonner at the I thought that the Honorable Clarence nations the Republic of Guinea and is Launching of the NS "Savannah" G. Morse, Chairman of the Federal ready to extend the same welcome to Maritime Board and Maritime Adminis­ Nigeria, the Cameroons, Togoland, and trator, as well as Senator Clinton P. Somalia. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Anderson, of New Mexico, also made Though, as Ambassador Padmore has OF great speeches, and we certainly could put it, "Liberia's century-old vigil as the HON. FRANK W. BOYKIN not forget Miss Elaine Malbin, who lone sentinel of African freedom is OF ALABAMA inspired us by singing "God Bless ended," not so her African leadership. America." In free Africa, where the cry for in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Again I want to say there were great dependence has been replaced by the Thursday, July 23, 1959 speeches by our old friend, Congressman cry for unity, Liberia is playing a lead­ Mr. BOYKIN. I ask unanimous con­ OREN HARRIS, of Arkansas, and many ing part in achieving this solidarity. sent to extend my remarks in the REc· other famous people, but to me, Chair­ The Liberian Government has proposed ORD and include therein what I consider man HERBERT BONNER'S speech was the an immediate beginning of cooperation a wonderful speech made by our distin­ best and I believe made the greatest im­ in all :fields where cooperation is possible guished chairman, the Honorable HER· pression on the multitude of people that now. It feels that the precise political BERT C. BONNER, Democrat, chairman of attended this great event. I believe framework within which this coopera­ the House Committee on Merchant Ma­ when you read this message you will tion can be strengthened and continued rine and Fisheries, at the launching of agree with me, but I thought Congress­ should be left for later discussion. the NS Savannah at New York Ship­ man BoNNER delivered it so well, and President Tubman has said that his building Co., Camden, N.J., July 21, 1959. every one of us--and there were acres on aim is cooperation without controversy. I thought our great Chairman BoNNER acres of spectators--could hear dis­ He does not wish to see the aspiration of made one of the best speeches made on tinctly every word that you will read in the masses for united action foundering this famous day, where our First Lady, this speech, and we on the Merchant in a sea of argument over sovereignty, Mrs. Dwight D. Eisenhower, christened Marine and Fisheries Committee, as well leadership, frontiers, and constitutions. this unusual and fabulous ship that is as the entire Congress, I am sure, are A stanch advocate of African unity, not only the United States, but the en­ very proud of Chairman BoNNER and the President Tubman was the only chief of tire world's first nuclear-powered mer­ great work he did there where we had state to attend the conference of inde­ chant ship. people gathered from the four corners of pendent African states at Accra, Ghana. How I wish every Member of this this earth. Because of certain artificial barriers House, who represent every human in Again I will repeat, I only wish all of which have kept African nations apart, America, could have been there and not you could have been there and have Mr. Tubman has said, economic, cul­ only heard Congressman BoNNER's witnessed the entire proceeding that was tural, social, and political intercourse be­ speech, but so many other great talks by so inspiring and which I believe means tween Africans has been negligible. great men; and Mrs. Eisenhower was much to peace and prosperity and will As a start toward rectifying this truly in all of her glory when she so truly be a real help to all mankind. forced estrangement, he has proposed graciously and beautifully christened REMARKS OF REPRESENTATIVE HERBERT C. the formation of the Associated States this the greatest of ships just as it slid BONNER, DEMOCRAT, OF NORTH CAROLINA, of Africa, an organization in which each down the ways into the waters at Cam­ CHAmMAN, HOUSE COMMITTEE ON MER­ CHANT MARINE AND FISHERIES, AT THE nation will be free to retain its autono­ den, N.J. The men and the women and LAUNCHING OF THE NS "SAVANNAH" AT NEW mous status and its peculiar identity, but the boys and the girls all were so thrilled YORK SHIPBUILDING Co., CAMDEN, N.J., in which all of them will be bound to­ and so happy. In all of my long years TuESDAY, JULY 21, 1959 gether by a single convention of friend­ in attending similar occasions in many Mr. Teale, our most gracious sponsor and ship, commerce, and navigation, work­ places all over this country and foreign First Lady, Mrs. Dwight D. Eisenhower, Mr. able for the common good of all con­ countries, too, I do not believe we have Secretary, Mr. Morse, Mr. McCone, and cerned. ever had anything just like this. representatives of the governmental depart­ In a signal tribute to President Tub· The President of the United States ments, my distinguished colleagues in the message said this, and I quote: Congress of the United States, members of man and his government, the Liberian the Diplomatic Corps, friends of the Ameri­ people recently went to the polls and I am confident that the ship will be the can merchant marine, ladies and gentleman: almost unanimously reelected him to an forerunner of atomic merchant and pas­ It is with the greatest pleasure and pride unprecedented fourth presidential senger fleets which will one day unite the that I am privileged to be here today to term-an honor befitting so great a serv­ nations of the world in peaceful trade. take part in the launching of the NS Savan­ ant of his people. (President Eisenhower, Oct. 15, 1956.) nah, the world's first nuclear-powered mer­ While the Liberian people were in the Not only did this gracious, smiling, chant ship. midst of honoring their servants, they wonderful, friendly Mrs. Eisenhower do It is inspiring, indeed, to stand here-a little more than a year since the laying of themselves were being honored in aNi­ such a beautiful job, but she was assisted the keel of this great ship-and witness the gerian newspaper-as the silent servants by another great lady, Mrs. Henry B. fulfillment of a dream made possible through of Africa. Sayler, of Savannah, Ga., as matron of the imagination, the skills, and the energy On this, Liberia's 112th independence honor. Then, too, we had a very un­ of Americans from all walks of life. It is day celebration, I too salute President usual and fabulous fellow from way down incredible to contrast this magnificent work Tubman, his government, and people­ in the Deep South, the one and only of the mind and hand of man With the single for endurance as a nation under adverse Louis E. Wolfson, chairman of the board steel assembly that was laid in place on circumstances, its lone star beaming a of the New York Shipbuilding Corp., this shipway on Maritime Day, 1958, to mark ray of hope to all Africans-for devel­ that built this ship, and in Mr. Louis E. our first step into the nuclear age on the Wolfson's and Mr. Edward L. Teale's seven seas. oping and offering to the free world in­ The dynamic development of the idea of dispensable raw materials that are rap­ messages they said, among many other adapting peaceful use of the power of the idly becoming depleted in other parts inspiring words, to the great group that atom to merchant shipping is equally in­ of the world-and for aiding the conti­ was gathered there, they quoted what credible. nent of Africa to regain its inherent and President Eisenhower said about the We have known that nuclear energy could inalienable right to freedom and inde­ Savannah when announcing plans for its be adapted to ship propulsion ever since the pendence. construction, and I quote: "This ship submarine N autilus proved to be such a 14190 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE July 23 tremendous success. But many were skep· The Barter Program Under Public ally assist in their disposals for cash. And tical about moving ahead with a merchant as you, yourself have very eloquently demon­ ship prototype until years of experience with Law 480 strated, time and time again there has never shore-based plants might indicate imm.edi· been one single instance where a barter ate efficiency and economy. . EXTENSION OF REMARKS transaction prevented a cash sale for dollars. The first proposal to build an atomic· In other words, our total disposals have been powered merchant ship gave no thought to OF increased by the barter program operating the advancement of our merchant marine. before the Department of Agriculture decid­ It would have been a floating showcase of HON. VICTOR L. ANFUSO ed to curtail!t. nuclear devices demonstrating peaceful uses OF NEW YORK The misguided apostles who oppose barter of atomic energy in other fields. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES constantly give the argument that barter disturbs normal marketing. I have already As the idea grew, those of us responsible Thursday, July 23, 1959 for the maintenance and development of an told you what they really mean, but let me adequate American merchant marine under Mr. ANFUSO. Mr. Speaker, under go further. In title I, which is a program our national policy urged that we take the leave to extend my remarks in the REc­ of great magnitude, we carefully wrote re­ idea a step further and build a brand new strictions about the disturbance of normal ORD, I wish to insert the text of a state­ marketings. Title III, even at the level de­ vessel, especially designed in both hull and ment I delivered this morning before the machinery, to secure the maximum advan­ sired by the Congress, is only a fraction of tage from this promising new source of House Committee on Agriculture in con. our governmental disposal program. The power and from which we could learn how nection with the barter program under Congress has felt that in this instance, the to build and operate efficient, working ships Public Law 480. My statement is as danger to normal marketings would never be for the merchant marine of the future. follows: as great as in the title I program. This stems from its small volume and the fact Thus, it was, that the authorizing legisla­ STATEMENT OF REPRESENTATIVE VICTOR L. that at every step of the way, a barter trans­ tion passed by the Congress and approved ANFUSO, OF NEW YORK, BEFORE HOUSE AGRI­ action is precisely the same as a transaction 1956 by the President in directed the con· CULTURE COMMITTEE, THURSDAY, JULY 23, for cash. Every step of the transaction is struction of a practical merchant ship, 1959, ON ruBLIC LAw 480 handled exactly the same way as a cash sale. powered by an advanced type of reactor, Mr. Chairman and my former colleagues The only difference, Mr. Chairman, is that in especially designed for the purpose. The on this committee, while my anatomy may barter the sale of the commodity is tied into President, the Congress, the Government de­ not be on one of those chairs you occupy, my a sale of a material which has made it pos­ partments, and the maritime and atomic heart is still in this room. It was not my sible for our businessmen to sell agricultural energy industries, have every right to feel idea to be taken off this committee, and I commodities abroad on a more competitive great pride and satisfaction in the part they sincerely feel that we were making wonder­ basis than if they were merely selling for have played in the construction of this new ful progress in bringing about better under­ dollars. vessel. Already, lessons learned in the crea­ standing between the producers of agricul­ Mr. Chairman, it has already been pointed tion of the NS Savannah are showing the tural commodities and those who consume out by you and others why the nations of way to the design and production of fully them. May I say also this morning that the the world with whom the United States competitive merchant ships many years farmer also needs the businessmen from the competes in the export of cotton and wheat earlier than ever thought possible. cities to help him dispose of his agricultural have been vociferous in their opposition to Last year, standing in this same spot, I products by barter, as well as cash sales. the bart·er program. It has also been made reviewed the unfortunate history of the old The President of the United States has clear in these hearings and in those we had steamship Savannah, which more than 100 often expressed himself in favor of barter and last year that certain American firms who years ago was the first steamship to cross so has the Secretary of Agriculture and many have large holdings in Mexican cotton have the Atlantic Ocean. I pointed out at that in the department who administer the pro­ been active in building up support within time how this country had ushered in the gram. Congressional leaders of both parties Government against the barter program. age of steam on the seas, and then, through have told the President and the Secretary of At least one of the large grain companies failure to follow up what we had developed, Agriculture that we should do more barter· which, according to the public press, has and by continued adherence to sailing ships, ing. rental contracts for the storage of our sur· we were soon left behind and for a half cen­ Where then is the opposition which has plus grains totaling $13 million annually, tury fell to the status of a third-rate marl· been so effective as to make those rugged has recently become very active in oppo­ time power. American pioneers, who braved all sorts of sition to the barter program. I repeat my admonition of a year ago-­ dangers to bring strategic materials to this Mr. Chairman, I wish I knew, but I don't, "Let us be sure that the lesson of the old country in furtherance of our national secu· why both the Departments of State and Savannah-for which this new ship will be rity and defense, look almost like criminals Agriculture should be listening to those few named-will be well remembered and engaged in a nefarious occupation? It comes who are advancing their own selfish interest studiously observed." from those men in very high places in gov· to the detriment of our national program. The record is clear that it is not pre­ ernment who sincerely but nevertheless Mr. Chairman, I cannot honestly find any mature to proceed with the next steps in misguidedly, believe that it is wrong for this logic or justification in the arguments ad· the development of nuclear-powered vessels country to engage in honest-to-goodness vanced against barter. I know that the for peaceful purposes. competition with our allies; that whenever record shows that as the sales through barter Our pioneering here is already being seri· our competition interferes with the foreign increased, our total exports increased and ously studied by a number of other nations trade of any of our allies, we alone should so did our cash sales. I know that as the who are proceeding vigorously toward the back down and let their products through barter program decreased, so did our total development and construction of advance even though what they are doing always exports and our cash sales until they have nuclear merchant vessels of their own. hurts our taxpayers and many times helps sunk to their present low levels. I know Under our· open policy of sharing nuclear our enemies. that the storage costs for our surplus agri· "know-how", these other countries are able When those who are opposed to barter say cultural commodities now cost approxi­ to start with all the knowledge we have that barter transactions interfere with nor­ mately $2 million per day, and the Depart­ gained from our first ship. mal trade, what they really mean is that ment estimates a considerable increase in Therefore, we in Congress realize that if through barter we are disposing of more the next few years. I know that the mate­ we do not press forward now wtth a pro­ agricultural surpluses than our friendly com· rials that we have been receiving in ex­ gress!ve program we will again be gullty of petitors. change for our surpluses are not only a willful blindness of incalculable cost. We Foreign competitors naturally want us to valuable insurance against a national emer­ cannot afford to forfeit the promising prog­ relax our barter transactions so that they gency, but more importantly, they are mate­ ress that has been made to date. can do more business through direct sales rials which we will urgently need in our I pledge that the Committee on Merchant or barter. future economy, and are, therefore, valua· Marine and Fisheries will do all within its The question then should be asked these ble national assets. I know that the value powers to help retain our initiative in the well-intentioned men: Is it right for our of the materials that we have taken in field of nuclear energy on the oceans with competitors to undersell us and make use exchange for the deteriorating and expen­ its unbounded possibilities. of barter and wrong for us to do the very sive-to-store surplus commodities have in· With this ship, and with those which I same thing? creased significantly since their acquisition. hope will follow soon, we are casting our Mr. Chairman, this barter program is a I know that barter, and barter alone, has bread upon the waters, and I am sure the good one. If properly administered, not only permitted us to acquire materials from many return will be a thousandfold. will it dispose of surpluses equaling the of the underprivileged nations of the world Godspeed to the Savannah when she re­ value of the needed materials which we which they could not privately sell for dol­ ceives the magic of life with the blow of acquire, but we have had ample testimony lars to the United States. And, Mr. Chair· the christening bottle, and the surge of the before this committee from competent ex· man, I know, as you so ably pointed out on water beneath her hull. porters of agricultural commodities to the the floor of the Congress, that since we Thank you. effect that disposals through barter materi- have curtailed our barter sales the Soviet 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 14191 bloc has moved into the vacuum and in­ extremely well-prepared staff study of your that the Congress has felt it necessary to creased their exports to the very nations committee, during the years 1954-58 we ex­ enact legislation to require performance of to which the Department of Agriculture and changed $979.6 million in essentially worth­ a program which it has previously estab­ our State Department will not permit us less farm surpluses for barter materials. On lished by law. This bill is designed to ·rein­ to export through the barter program. March 27, 1959, these materials were worth state a barter program of at least the magni­ Knowing these things as I do, and recog­ $1,035.2 million or $55.6 million more than tude followed prior to the restrictive regula­ nizing that this committee also knows them we paid for them. At the same time, we have tions issued by the Secretary of Agriculture." and has always, on a nonpartisan basis, sup­ been saving more than $100 million a year in In spite of this clear intention of Congress, ported the type of barter program which all storage costs. The Department of Agricul­ this program has continued to be hedged of us advocate, the question is what can we ture estimates the annual cost of storing the about by. restrictions and obstacles which do about it? farm surpluses we have exchanged by barter will prevent it from attaining more than There are pending before this committee would be $109.1 million, while the annual one-third of the volume Congress had in many bills designed either to set the level of storage cost of the materials we have received mind. the barter sufficiently high as to force the in exchange is only $4.4 million. The restrictions are in two general areas: removal of the restrictions presently on the Why in May 1957, the Department of Agri­ movement of commodities or through other culture suddenly brought this highly suc­ (1) Designation of most of the major means to make it mandatory that the Sec­ cessful program to a halt is still a mystery. trading areas of the world as markets into retary carry out the type of barter program The announced reason was that it was inter­ which surplus commodities may be exported which the Congress intends. Any of these fering with cash sales. More recently it has by barter only with a showing of addition­ bills, with a little rewriting, would serve become clear that this means the cash sales ality, and the purpose. of other nations, not ours. In numerous (2) Arbitrary and unnecessary limitation I have read carefully the bill, H.R. 7983, appearances before the House Agriculture on the list of foreign materials which may recently introduced by the chairman of this Committee, Department witnesses have never be imported as part of a barter transaction. committee and believe that the language in been able to submit any proof of significant The Department of Agriculture itself admits section 4 is perhaps the most competent interference with cash sales. On the con­ that it is more difficult to make a barter language which has been prepared to require trary, the Department's records as .shown in transaction under the reinstated program the Secretary to carry out the type of barter your committee staff study show that our than it was under the regulations in effect program that the Congress wants. It may be total exports of agricultural commodities prior to the 1958 amendment of the law. argued by some that the Congress should not have been highest in the years when barter Since the announcement of the reinstated mandate the Secretary to carry on such a exports were the highest. program in November 1958, the Department program. However, experience shows that no A.s I have previously stated, the real rea­ has received, as of June 30, 1959, some 559 other alternative is effective, and I sincerely son for the action was that small groups of formal written offers to enter into barter believe it would remove criticism of both employees in the Department of Agriculture contracts for a total value of $854 million. the Secretary and those who administer the and the Department of State who had al­ However, it has rejected offers amounting to program if the mandate were clear and un­ ways been opposed to the barter program had $493 million and has accepted only offers ambiguous. Otherwise, Mr. Chairman, we succeeded over the years in impressing their with a value of some $156 million. might as well abandon the program. views on those at the policy level. Significantly, the volume of new offers has Now, Mr. Chairman, the history of this Committees of both the House and Senate been drastically reduced so that new con­ program is still relatively new. In 1954, as have tried repeatedly to get the Department tracts will be in a greatly reduced volume. farm surpluses began to pile up in our ware­ of Agriculture to reinstate the barter pro­ For instance, while during November houses, Congress enacted Public Law 480 gram but without success. From May 1957 through February the new offers averaged providing various methods for disposing of until November 1958, after Congress had over 115 per month, since then they have these surpluses abroad. One of these meth­ enacted a new and stronger barter policy averaged only 38 per month. This is basi­ ods was barter for strategic and other ma­ provision, there was virtually no barter busi­ cally because the materials offered were no terials, and services of value to the United ness done. longer eligible for barter because quotas States. The device used by the Department of established by the materials committee had Such authority was not new. It had ex­ Agriculture to prevent barter transactions been reached. isted for many years in the Commodity was to require a showing by the proposed For 3 months the Department refused to Credit Corporation Charter Act (sec. 4(h)) contractor that the exports of surplus com­ accept any offers to barter cotton, although and had been implemented in various other modities involved in the transaction would U.S. cotton. expqrts are running 51 percent statutes. Relatively little use had been made be over and above all possible cash sales below last year and American cotton has of this authority, however, because there of these commodities. Obviously, it was im­ virtually ceased to move on the world mar­ was no clear congressional policy for such possible for private contractors to submit ket because of our export pricing policies. a program. any satisfactory proof of such additionality. Listen to this: It refused to approve the Section 303 of Public Law 480 established It is unfair to place the burden of proof barter of soybeans into West Germany al­ such a policy by directing the Secretary of upon them. though that country is increasing its pur­ Agriculture "to use every practicable means" chase of soybeans from Communist China. to arrange and make such barters or ex­ The insincerity and inconsistency of the It refused to approve barter of feed grains changes whenever he "has reason to believe" Department's position on this matter was into the Benelux countries although their that "there may be opportunity to protect demonstrated by the fact that during the purchases of feed grains from the Soviet bloc the funds and assets" of the CCC by barter fiscal year 1958 the Secretary made agree­ are increasing. It refused to approve a bar­ or exchange of agricultural surpluses for ments to sell surpluses for foreign curren­ ter of cotton and tobacco to France, enter­ "strategic materials entailing less risk of loss cies (under title I of Public Law 480) to at ing instead into a sale of these commodities through deterioration or substantially less least 12 countries into which he refused to for French currency, although the French storage charges." let surplus commodities move under barter were willing to pay for the commodities by The clear intent of this legislation was to transactions without proof a.f additionality, valuable materials instead of with soft cur­ establish the congressional policy that barter although he had the burden of proof under rency, which as times goes on will be re­ did protect the funds and assets of the CCC section lOl(a) of the act to determine that duced in value. It refused to approve a and to establish barter as a priority method sales under title I will be additional to usual multilateral transaction involving movement of disposing of agricultural surpluses, second marketings of the United States before ap­ of American cotton to Japan, although Japan only to cash sales for dollars. proving any such sales. was negotiating and has since entered into, For about 2Yz years, until May 1957, the Over the objections of the Department of its first barter deal with Russia for Soviet­ Department of Agriculture carried out a Agriculture, the act extending Public Law controlled cotton. 480 in 1958 (Public Law 85- 931) embodied a barter program as intended by Congress. While our Department of Agriculture is During this period it exchanged more than revised barter policy section intended to re­ preventing surplus agricultural commodities $900 million of surplus agricultural com­ establish the barter program at the level at from moving into European markets under modities for an equivalent amount of foreign which it was operating prior to May 1957 and the barter program, while our agricultural minerals and other materials of permanent undertaking to prohibit the Secretary from exports are at the lowest point since 1955, value. These materials went into the stra­ requiring a showing of additionality on the agricultural commodities from the Soviet tegic or supplemental stockpile, from which part of the proposed contractor before ap­ bloc are moving into the West European they can be released only by Presidential proving a barter transaction. market in steadily increasing quantities. proclamation or joint resolution of Congress. The policy of Congress that the Depart­ Numerous new trade agreements with the ment of Agriculture should carry on an ag­ Therefore, contrary to the fears expressed by Soviet bloc involving agricultural commodi­ the witnesses from the State Department, gressive and substantial barter program is ties have been signed by West Europea~ these materials cannot be a threat to the clearly set out in the 1958 amendment and market, nor do they affect adversely any do­ is summarized by the House conferees, of countries within the past year. mestic minerals market or production and which I had the honor to be a member, in Under these trade agreements alone, more in fact support domestic prices by drawing the last paragraph of our report on the bill: than an estimated 1.5 million metric tons surplus materials from world markets. "As we have stated above, the substantive of wheat, feed grains, tobacco, cotton, and This is the best business we have ever done changes in the law, while significant, are not rice will move during the calendar year 1959 in disposing of surpluses. As shown in the nearly as significant as the fundamental fact from the Soviet bloc into countries where 14192 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE July 23 the Department of Agriculture will not per­ acquiring materials under the barter pro­ agricultural commodities, are most jealous mit our surpluses to move under barter gram. of any exports from the United States. These without a special and virtually impossible Barter is an effective form of foreign aid: are relatively minor consideratiop.s raised proof of additionality, and I might add that In the case of many of the countries listed against a proven method of increasing our these are the so-called hard-currency coun­ in the staff study, the commodities obtained agricultural exports, reducing our surpluses, tries. by the United States under the barter pro­ assisting friendly nations, and building our The second major impediment to the bar­ gram are subst:?,ntially the only products economic resources-a method which has ter program is the small list of materials those countries have to sell to this country strengthened the United States to wage eco­ which have been designated for importation and· in many instances they are extremely nomic war against the Soviet, and enabled under the program. The 1958 amendment important to the economy of the country in­ us to better protect the very allies who are broadened the base from which the President volved. Under the barter program we were complaining. may designate materials to be received in not only obtaining full value for our agri­ barter so that it could include materials cultural surpluses but we were providing others than the approximately 70 on the the most effective type of aid to the econ­ official stockpiling list. The President as­ omies of the countries from which we were signed the responsibility for recommending acquiring materials. Without $1 of cost to lion. Neal Smith, of Iowa, Proposes New such materials to an interdepartmental the taxpayers of the United States we were Farm Stabilization Program committee and this committee has done the providing these countries with millions of exact opposite of what the Congress recom­ dollars worth of purchasing power and mended. It has designated only a relatively providing it in the place where it does their EXTENSION OF REMARKS few materials which can be received in bar­ economic development the most good, in the OF ter, about 25, and, without specific author­ direct channels of trade and commerce. ity from the President, has placed quan­ Barter stabilized our own minerals in­ HON. HAROLD D. COOLEY titative limits on even these few materials. dustry: Under the barter program, the world OF NORTH CAROLINA The effect is that there are at present only price of lead and zinc was stabilized at a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a relative handful of materials-at best es­ level satisfactory to virtually all concerned. timates about 12 in number-which are ac­ Only after the Department of Agriculture Thursday, July 23, 1"959 tually eligible for importation under the discontinued the barter program and ac­ barter program. quisitions of these metals under that pro­ Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Speaker, under It is reported that representatives of the gram ceased, did the world price of lead and unanimous consent, I include in the Department of Agriculture on the Inter­ zinc drop to the point where assistance had CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a very thoughtful Agency Materials Committee have tried to be provided for the domestic mining in­ statement by Hon. NEAL SMITH, of Iowa, strenuously to get additional materials on dustry. The steps which have had to be embracing a proposal for a farm pro­ the barter list and to have quantitative limits taken to subsidize the domestic lead and gram intended to prevent bankruptcy removed from those now on the list but that zinc industry would probably not have been prices in agriculture and to open to the their efforts have been thwarted consistently necessary had the barter program been con­ by representatives on the Committee from tinued. It is worth noting that now that farm families of America an opportunity the Department of State and the Bureau of there is again a barter program-even on to share equitably in the rewards of this the Budget. In addition, it is reported that a limited scale-the world price of these two Nation's free enterprise system. the Bureau of the Budget representatives minerals is improving. Our colleague from Iowa is serving have put pressure on the General Services Barter is good foreign relations: A large his first term in the House, but he al­ Administration, which established the price part of the unplesantness which Vice Presi­ ready has firmly identified himself to paid for barter materials, to reduce the price dent NIXON encountered in South America this body by his devotion to the well­ levels they will approve, so as to further was the outgrowth of the curtailment of handicap the program. the barter program. Although the quantity being of the farm families across this I repeat that the President has expressed of materials which had been obtained from broad land who produce our food and himself as favoring a substantial barter South American countries was not large, it fiber. He has introduced specific bills on program-probably close to that carried on had been sufficient to provide an important agriculture and he has testified before prior to May 1957-that the Secretary of prop to their economy, not only through the House Committee on Agriculture, Agriculture is not opposed to a substantial direct sales but through stabilization of which it is my honor and privilege to program and that the main impediments to world minerals prices. In the opinion of serve as chairman. this program are being erected by those competent observers, unrest and hardship below the policy level in the Departments related directly to termination of the barter Although it has been impossible in involved. In most instances, those making program provided the environment which this Congress thus far to develop sorely policy can only accept the reports and rec­ made possible organization of the demon­ needed farm legislation which would ommendations of those working under them strations against the Vice President. It is meet with the President's approval, our and if these reports indicate that a program probable that this situation is being repeated colleague has been hard at work; and is being carried out in accordance with the in other countries and other parts of the I am certain that his studies and activi­ intent of Congress, although this is not world. ties will be of value to this House as we the fact, this position will ordinarily be Barter is good business: No other form of accepted by policymaking officials. surplus disposal gives the United States as continue our efforts to deal effectively To me, Mr. Chairman, the collateral bene­ much 1n return for its surplus commodities with the pressing problems now con­ fits arising from a barter program such as as barter. Under barter, surpluses are ex­ fronting our farmers. that carried on by the Department before changed at their full export value for stra­ The statement I am submitting for the May 1957 are even more important to the tegic and other rna terials which (considering RECORD was presented by Mr. SMITH to United States than is the primary benefit of the effects of inflation) are actually worth our Committee on Agriculture. I think disposal of essentially worthless surpluses more than dollars, and the exporter pays it is of such a character as to provoke for valuable minerals. Among these collat­ the ocean freight. Under title I sales, the eral benefits are the following: selling price is frequently discounted by a discussion, looking toward constructive Resistence to Soviet trade expansion: favorable exchange rate, part of the CCC action, on one· of the most important Many of the materials acquired under the dollars go to pay the ocean freight, and the problems of our times: barter program come from economically un­ United States receives in return foreign cur­ STATEMENT OF NEAL SMITH, MEMBER OF CoN­ derdeveloped countries of Africa, Asia, the rencies subject to serious depreciation. Even GRESS, FIFTH DISTRICT OF IOWA, TO HOUSE Near East, and South America. In many cash sales take dollars out of the importing AGRICULTURE COMMITTEE instances, these materials are the major ex­ countries, while barter transactions put dol­ BASIC FACTS port commodites of those countries. Under lars or their equivalent into the countries Seventy percent of our new wealth comes the barter program we were providing these from which the materials are acquired, and from farm-produced crops and 30 percent is countries with a profitable outlet for what the record is convincing that these dollars derived from mining, fishing, and other they have to sell. We were establishing and are immediately spent in the United States­ sources. All of our wealth results from the cementing their trade relations with the thus giving us two full-rate commercial conversion or reconversion of this new United States. We were making it difficult transactions for our surplus commodities. wealth. Unless the standard of living in for Russia to move into this same trade area. In conclusion, Mr. Chairman, I hope that the United States is raised drastically, or un­ With the curtailment of the barter program, this committee and the Congress and, for til the population increases by about 35 per­ we have cut off this trade relationship with that matter, the executive branch, will not cent, the new wealth we have the capacity many of these countries and in so doing are judge the many values of this total program to produce at the present time will furnish aiding and abetting the efforts of the Soviet solely in the light of unproven and now shop­ more raw products than would be converted bloc to extend their sphere of economic in­ worn statements that barter sales displace at a reasonable profit for our use. Except in fluence. Don't take my word for this, look cash sales, or in the light of the objections time of war, the American people have never at your own committee staff study which from friendly foreign countries, who, while been willing to use the Government to the shows the countries from which we were doing extremely well in exporting their own extent necessary to assure distribution of 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 14193 all the products that could be converted than 6 years ago working appr-oximately the HOW CAN WE ADJUST? from the new wealth we are capable of pro­ same 60- to 65-hour week and for less money. If we are to divide production equitably ducing. Farm assets are now ·only 83 cents of each and provide stable prices, we must with~ Through supercorporate combinations, in­ $1 compared to $1.87 for each $1 owed 15 draw and increase either labor, capital, or dustry has the power to limit the produc­ years ago. Thus the farm financial situation land as needed or some combination of the t ion of their goods to the amount that can has become ripe for an integration drive, three for those are the three ingredients be converted and sold at a profit. Through and it is well under way. that produce our food. If we were to with­ the 40-hour week, overtime pay provisions, If we conclude this trend with fewer farm­ draw capital, we would not preserve our and the minimum wage, the work in these ers each working a 65-hour week instead of extra capacity to produce and to expand industries has been divided to a great ex­ a full complement of farm producers each production when needed. In order to with­ tent. Factories where employees worked 60 working a normal workweek, we will have draw labor, we must withdraw land. hours per week during the war now are on failed to preserve the capacity to expand farm It seems to me there are two basic ways a 40-hour week. In spite of the fact that production with the flexibility needed for to accomplish the withdrawal of land and be industry is receiving a huge subsidy from national security and to assure a sustained within the long-term goals for consumers the $40 billion per year defense spending, supply of food and fibre at a reasonable price. and farmers. One is for the Government the steel industry, which converts a large This is true because farmers working a 60- to set the production goals and lease the portion Of the new wealth derived from min­ hour week cannot increase their work week productive land not needed to meet those ing, is now operating at less than three­ very much, and skilled farmers who have goals. This is the soil bank method. The fourths of capacity. Many years ago, An­ moved to the city will not lose their senior­ other way is to set production goals and drew Carnegie and his associates pyramided ity in a plant to return to farm work. offer some insurance that if he withdraws the corporate steel structure and so organ­ HUMANS WILL REPLACE THE HORSES AND MULES some land, the productive land remaining ized the steel industry so that both prices will give an efficient family farmer a reason­ In the past 20 years, there has been one and supplies can be administered, and again able income if he works a reasonable work following World War II, the reduction in principal increase and one principal decrease week. supply to balance the demand available at in the demand for feed grains. The decrease has occurred from the fact that millions of The soil bank method would mean a con­ the administered price was promptly put tinuing large appropriation of Federal into effect. horses and mules have been fed to the dogs and replaced with tractors. The feed they money. The latter method would mean a The farmers have no such structure to cut small total cost to the taxpayer if set up back production. They were asked to and ate must now find a new market that will pay for the gasoline for the tractors. properly. The latter method is embodied in did, during the emergency period, expand H.R. 7710 and in some other bills before their production by using technology that The increase in consumption has occurred your committee. had been known for 50 years but not used as a result of an increase in population. This increase has been so great that it has STABLE SUPPLIES OF FEED GRAINS HELP and by replacing horses and mules and PERISHABLES small machinery with larger machinery. absorbed the increased production. The to­ Since there are millions of farmers without tal of food grains and feed now stor!=!d is It seems to me that proper division of any supercorporate structure, they have no approximately equal to the amount of the the production of basic commodities can go way to reduce their production to the same that the horses and mules would have a long way toward stabilizing the price of amount that can be sold in our economy at eaten if we had used them for draft pur­ basic perishable items such as meats, poul­ a reasonable profit. Farm operators have poses instead of feeding them to our dogs. try, and dairy products-we are now again had no way to divide the production so that This would indicate that if population and seeing feed grain prices at only 65 percent they can reduce their average 65-hour week productivity increases continue at a similar of parity wreck the poultry and pork mar­ back to a 40-hour or even a 50-hour week. rate, the additional productivity will be ab­ kets. Live hogs are already down to $15 per If the farmer's workweek had been so re­ sorbed by the increased population. How­ hundred which is a drop of 25 percent in 1 duced, millions of efficient farmers would ever, almost all agricultural economists agree year and a bigger crop and lower prices are not have been driven from the farm to re­ that the population will increase faster than on the way. The consumer is not getting place city workers or join the ranks of the productivity. The increase in population the benefit from the farmers' loss either. unemployed. Since unempioyment in May should be enough to absorb both increased Loins are $56 per hundred wholesale while of 1959 was 159 percent of the number un­ productivity and the food that can be con­ the live animal brings $15 per hundred. employed 6 years earlier, it is obvious that verted from the feed that horses and mules FEED GRAINS jobs are not waiting for replaced farmers ate when they were used for draft purposes. After that time has arrived, we will have to Lowering the support prices as the method who average more than 50 years of age. of balancing production with consumption Farmers will not be able to reduce their find new land and farmers or face a food has again failed miserably, and the farmer workweek unless ( 1) they can make enough shortage. While we stand amid abundance, is again paying the bill for the costly re­ profit per unit so an efficient farmer can we can predict that during this century and trial of this method. It is also ridiculous to make a living by working a normal work­ during the lives of many of us, American pretend we can advertise our way out of this week, and (2) there is a way to equitably citizens will either be rationed on meats and predicament. On the other hand, the basic divide the production so that a farmer work­ protein products or they will be so high in laws of supply and demand, when properly ing a normal workweek will have such a price that consumption per person will be applied as in the case of tobacco, have market for the units he produces. reduced. In other words, the cereal diet of worked. Experience has shown us that some many countries will begin to replace our improvements can be made, and so far as THE OPEN MARKET protein diet. Expecting an open market alone to do feed grains are concerned, I have attempted Under all these circumstances, it seems to to insert the needed improvements into H.R. this for agriculture is penalizing farmers me that our goal should be to preserve our drastically for increased efficiency by making 7710. H.R. 7710 would briefly operate as fol­ ext ra productive capacity and the family lows: them give away the abundance they pro­ farm structure and release it as it is needed duced and would be expecting too much of 1. Corn, oats, rye, grain sorghum, and to assure an abundance of food. This is barley would be tied together as feed grams an open market. The principal purpose of especially in the interest of consumers. an open market in the present agricultural instead of being under separate programs, The alternative is to have surplus and and each grain would be given a compara­ situation is to efficiently distribute our scarcity alternating just as high profits and abundance. When there is no big shortage tive value according to nutrient value. bankruptcy would alternate. After each 2. Production would be equitably divided or excess of supply of any commodity, the period of bankrupt prices, less farmers would open market can establish a fair price and among farm units and each farmer would be feed the supply efficiently to the consumers; survive until eventually the factory-type, free to raise whichever feed grain or feed but to expect the open market to gage sup­ collective farm would emerge as the average grains he pleases so long as the total feed ply and establish a fair price for basic agri­ farm unit. This would destroy the middle grains raised does not exceed his total cultural commodities under present circum­ income farm structure and substitute for nutrient allotment as measured by compara­ stances is expecting too much of the open it a structure such as exists in agriculture tive units. market and giving it a bad reputation in in so many other countries; namely, a few 3. Wheat raised without an allotment this field that it does not deserve. high-income persons and a lot of low-income would be counted against the feed grain al­ workers. This also would leave agriculture lotment for the farm. This would help OUR ALTERNATIVES in a position where administered prices could avoid hurting the wheat program. Wheat In other words, we have a choice of either replace competitive prices, and for this the farmers and others should also comply with fin ding a way through Government for farm­ consumer would pay dearly. Violent fluc­ a similar provision and quit hurting feed. ers to divide their production and gage it tuations are also hard on consumers who grain farmers. to the Nation's needs or the alternative will are largely on fixed incomes. An example of 4. Support nonrecourse loans would be certainly be that a supercorporate structure this is potatoes which are now just twice as limited to the normal production on the will emerge wherein a relatively few non­ high as they were a year ago. The same acreage allotment for the farm. Bushels, Government nonelected officials determine thing will happen to protein products unless raised in excess of normal yields would not the supply and price of our food. We are some program is devised to help give us the be supported. This discourages heavy use heading toward the latter alternative very reasonable stable prices the President says of artificial productive formulae but permits f ast. There are now 4 million less farmers are in the national interest. some reward for high efficiency. 14194 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE July 24- 5. Since it is a voluntary program, an demand, and while it is set up for a 4-year price under the latter would be approxi­ equalization payment is provided for feed period, it should need little changing when mately 11 percent of parity more although grains fed by a producer so that livestock reviewed and extended. the support price would be 15 percent of and poultry producers will not have to turn WHEAT p arity less. In the latter example, no new their grain over to the Government and buy wheat would be going into Government bins, replacement grain in order to receive some In looking to a long-term program for and the CCC would have a market for 50 security of price for grain raised within an agriculture, I believe we should recognize million bushels of wheat it now ~as in stor­ allotment. This would also encourage farm­ the shift in the importance of support age and at a profit. In the latter case, wheat ers who feed their grain to stay within the prices under certain conditions. So long sold directly through regular channels would allotment. as production exceeds consumption, the bring a great deal more than under the com­ 6. Support loans and equalization pay­ support price is very important; but when a promise bill. Thus the payment-in-kind ments on feed grains fed would be limited to program is adopted to bring production be­ feature in the bill actually took out of one those who stay within their allotment and low consumption, then the market price will pocket what it would have put into the observe cross-compliance. be guided by the price at which the com­ other pocket for farmers who do not have 7. Feed grains in Government ownership modity in the Government warehouse goes storage for all their wheat and who sell to in excess of a 1¥2-blllion-bushel reserve onto the market . the market, and this is most farmers; and would only be sold at the rate of 1 bushel To use an example we have currently con­ the cost to the Government through unbal­ for each $2 spent for meat, dairy, and poul­ sidered, I would like to review the wheat ancing the market would be far in excess of try products purchased by the Government situation. The compromise bill turned down the value of the wheat it would distribute and distributed to the needy, institutions, by the House provided basically as follows: as p ayment in kind. and the school lunch program. Thus, grain 1. A 20-percent reduction in acreage re­ I believe a long-term program should (1) held would pay for more than one-half of sulting in a 16-percent reduction in bushels never let a payment-in-kind gimmi.ck un­ the protein foods cost. We wouldn't think down to a total production of 1 million balance the market; and (2) amend section of raising pigs without a good protein sup­ bushels. 407 so the prices received by the CCC for plement, but hundreds of thousands of our 2. A payment in kind taking 125 million Government-held stocks are set according children are being raised without adequate bushels from the Government bins and mak­ to a desired market price rather than the proteins. The provision would assure the ing a total market supply of 1,125 million percentage of parity at which nonrecourse distribution of some of our feed grains that bushels which is in excess of estimated con­ loans are made. sumption by 75 million bushels. have been converted into proteins to the CONCLUSION people who need more proteins. 3. An increase in the support price from 8. It provides a referendum to let farm­ 75 percent to 80 percent. The provision in I would urge the committee to adopt long­ ers decide whether they prefer this program. that bill for payment in kind would have term programs for basic commodities which Feed grain farmers have never had an oppor­ resulted in an estimated unbalanced market, would- tunity, like many other farmers, to vote for and, therefore, much grain would have gone ( 1) Assure an abundant supply of food through non-recourse loans to the Govern­ and fiber at reasonably stable prices by di­ this type of a program. ment. Under the circumstances, the sup­ I believe the application of H.R. 7710 viding the production of basics needed would: (1) Assure an abundant supply of port rate would have been the guide for the among farmers so that an efficient farmer m arket price and would have been at about can make a living on a 50-hour or less work­ food for a longer time for more stable prices. 80 percent of parity. ing week instead of moving to the city to It would avoid the low productivity and Let us suppose that the provisions of the replace a city worker; scarcity that follows periods of bankrupt bill were the same except ( 1) there was no (2) Depend less upon Government appro­ prices for meat, poultry, and dairy products. payment in kind, and thus the market sup­ priations and more upon the market paying If stable prices are a national goal as Presi­ ply outside of Government stocks would be value for goods produced; and dent Eisenhower has said, then this feed 50 million bushels less than consumption; (3) Provide a formula for converting grains program is certainly in the public in­ and (2) nonrecourse loans were left at 75 terest. (2) It would permit farmers to di­ stocks in Government storage into food and percent of parity, but section 407 was fiber for persons in need and for institutions. vide production so they can make a living on amended to provide that no wheat can be the farm instead of moving to town to re­ I believe the basic provisions of the to­ place city workers. (3) It would certainly sold from Government storage at less than bacco program as amended and improved in cost the Government a lot less than the 90 percent of parity instead of at support H.R. 7710 would provide the general formula present program; and (4) it '\""TOUld provide price plus 5 percent (or 79 percent). for all of the basic commodities. At least for the conversion of feed grains now held Under those circumstances, the price in there should be a referendum to vote on in excess of needs into meat, dairy, and the marketplace would actually be guided having that kind of a program as an alterna­ poultry products for people who need them. by the price at which Government stocks tive to unstable consumer prices and rugged This program applies the law of supply and were available, and therefore, the market individualism.

DESIGNATION OF ACTING PRESI­ secretaries, and he announced that on SENATE DENT PRO TEMPORE July 23, 1959, the President had approved and signed the following acts: FRIDAY, JULY 24, 1959 The legislative clerk read the following letter: S. 660. An act to amend the District of The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown U.S. SENATE, Columbia Business Corporation Act; and Harris, D.D., offered the following PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, S. 726. An act to amend section 11 of the Washington, D.C., July 24, 1959. Clayton Act to provide for the more ex­ prayer: To the Senate: peditious enforcement of cease and desist 0 Thou God of mercy and grace, amid Being temporarily absent from the Senate, orders issued thereunder, and for other pur­ the encircling gloom, grant us wisdom I appoint Hon. MIKE MANSFIELD, a Senator poses. to follow the kindly light of Thy guid­ from the State of Montana, to perform the duties of the Chair during my absence. ance patiently and obediently. CARL HAYDEN, MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE May we never lose sight of the gleam President pro tempore. as it leads us on to the selfless ministries A message from the House of Repre­ that will help to heal the sad world's open Mr. MANSFIELD thereupon took the sentatives, by Mr. Maurer, one of its sores and burn away barriers to a world chair as Acting President pro tempore. reading clerks, announced that the brotherhood of good will where mouths House had passed a joint resolution (H.J. Res. 115) to reserve a site in the District shall not cry for bread, where hands and THE JOURNAL feet shall not be shackled, where speech of Columbia for the erection of a me­ shall not be silenced, where eyes shall On request of Mr. JoHNSON of Texas, morial to Franklin Delano Roosevelt, to not be bandaged, nor minds darkened by and by unanimous consent, the reading provide for a competition for the design distorting falsehoods hiding the light of of the Journal of the proceedings of of such memorial, and to provide addi­ truth. Thursday, July 23, 1959, was dispensed tional funds for holding the competition, In this forum of a free people- with. in which it requested the concurrence of We pledge our hopes, our faith, our lives the Senate. That freedom shall not die; MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT­ We pray Thy guidance, strength, and APPROVAL OF BILLS HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION grace, Messages in writing from the President REFERRED Almighty God on high. of the United States were communicated The joint resolution