sociology of islam 5 (2017) 112-137 brill.com/soi Gulf Response to the Syrian Refugee Crisis Facts, Debates and Fatwas Sari Hanafi Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Media Studies, American Univer- sity of Beirut; Vice President of the International Sociological Association (for National Associations); Editor, Idafat: the Arab Journal of Sociology
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[email protected] Abstract This article will focus on how the Gulf, state and society, reacted to the Syrian crisis and the role of religious leaders in Gulf area and beyond in addressing when a Muslim should opt for migration as a response to the deterioration of their living conditions and how should behave in the host society. After examining statistics that contradict the Gulf’s official declarations concerning the number of Syrian refugees hosted by their countries, I will review briefly the debates in favor and against receiving Syrian refugees in the Gulf societies through conventional and social media. Finally, through the analysis of fatwas issued since 2011, I will argue that the landscape of religious scripts provides contradictory messages about migration, modes of migrant’s incorpo- ration and hospitality. Some of these messages call upon Muslims to receive refugees in distress while others are either silent or discouraging refugees to go to non-Muslim countries. Keywords Gulf countries – Fatwas – Syrian refugees – migration policy – integration – hospitality Introduction In migration studies there is a general lamentation of the eroding of “politics of compassion” and the development of what Hannah Arendt (1991) and Rony © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2017 | doi 10.1163/22131418-00503005 <UN> Gulf Response to the Syrian Refugee Crisis 113 Brauman1 (1996) called “politics of pity” that the has replaced compassion, empathy and justice.