"Centrope" Metropolitan Region

Johannes Gielge City Administration Urban Development & Planning Outline of presentation:

Layers of relationship defining regions: (1) Settlement patterns (2) Infrastructure and connectivity (3) Economic linkages (4) Environmental systems and topography (5) Shared culture and history … and last but not least: (6) Governance, cross-border co-operation (1) Settlement pattern: size and density

population area (km²) Oslo 666.759 454 Akershus 604.368 4.918 Østfold 284.962 4.181 Västra Götalands län 1.652.641 28.778 Hallands län 315.427 5.688 Skåne län 1.306.951 11.302 TOTAL 4.831.108 55.320 Average density: 87 inhabitants / km²

national part of 600 km 300 km region Population Region A 3.784.928 1.840.226Vienna (city = province) 1.653.691Lower (province) 291.011Burgenland (province) CZ 1.175.023 South Moravia (county) SK 1.192.985 633.288Bratislava (county) 559.697Trnava (county) H 709.217 455.217Győr-Moson-Sopron (county) 254.000Vas (county) 6.862.153 Total population (Centrope region) Average density: 153 inhabitants / km²

https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrope Polycentric or monocentric region?

Vienna regains a dominant role

30 times 3 times larger larger Population growth 2003-2016

Trend towards concentration (instead of urban sprawl); 10.000 additional dwellings per year (in average) needed in Vienna

A

SK CZ H Population growth along railways

Share of slovak citizens in Austrian villages (2) Rail links in the Vienna region

4 lines to the (3) 2 4 fast trains 1 regional trains no service

1 4 lines to 2 (3) 4

1

3 2 4 lines to 4 High speed rail network New Vienna TEN node railway station

Austrian and Czech „Railjet“(vmax: 230 km/h) in Břeclav

Former terminus of southern railway lines (to Italy, Slo- Former terminus of venia and Croatia) eastern railway lines (to Hungary, Roumania, Poland and Russia)

Czech „Pendolino“(vmax: 230 km/h) in Vienna (2007) (3) Economic linkages

Major changes since the EU enlargment

OECD recommendations of 2003 Economic Disparities

Regional Policy in Europe: Divergent Trajectories? Review of Regional Policy in Europe, 2010-11 EoRPA Paper 11/1, European Policies Research Centre 17

Figure 1: Regional GDP per head in the EU27 (PPS per inhabitant as % of EU27 average by Figure 3: Regional unemployment NUTS 2 regions), 2008 (p.14) rates (%) in the EU27, 2010 (p.17) Change in GDP / Frontier shift effect

OECD regions at a glance 2016 (p. 77), Figure 2.38: Decomposition of productivity growth between frontier shift and catch-up effect, top 20 regions, 2000-13

Figure 2: Change in regional GDP per head in the EU27 (PPS per inhabitant as % of EU27 average by NUTS 2 regions), 2004-2008 (p.15) Economic growth concentrates in cities

GDP per capita is now even higher in Bratislava than in Vienna. In general, disparities are now greater within countries than between countries. However, wages are still much lower east of the border.

and 2000 A CZ SK N S H

Source: OECD StatLink (Regions at a glance 2016) Relocation of enterprises

Slovakia as „Europe‘s Detroit“: Hungary as „ dentist“: more than a million cars are One dentists per 1000 inhabi- produced per year; this tants in Györ-Moson-Sopron corresponds to 184 cars per instead of 1 : 2000 in Vienna… 1000 inhabitants=world record (4) Environmental systems, landscape Danube National Park

Bratislava (5) Culture and history (6) Regional co-operation platforms

(FUA Vienna) Vysocina CZ Southern Moravia

Western Slovakia Upper Austria Vienna SK A Western Hungary Styria H Transnational Programs

… and projects Priorities in regional co-operation ? Administrative fragmentation

Western Scandinavia Centrope Number of local communities: 129 2.140 Inhabitants per local community: 37.450 3.200 *) *) including Vienna! Bridge projects across Moravia river

4: limited 4 car traffic

3: rejected 3

2

1 2: rejected 1: cyclists only Governing two airports…

OECD review 2003, p. 114: „Since the opening of the border the Vienna- disposes of two international airports within a distance of around 40 kilometres. Yet, this peculiar geography has provided little incentives for both countries to co-ordinate their airport policies…“ Rail links Vienna - Bratislava

Northern line: 17 links single track, Diesel per day, 1 hour 15' to 25-kV/50 Hz Bratislava main station single track, 15-kV/162⁄ Hz 3 Southern line: 15 links per day; 1 hour to Petržalka; change and additional 20 minutes to 2 double track, 15-kV/16 ⁄3 Hz Bratislava main station Vienna main station Bratislava Petržalka