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Traditional, Women, Veterans, Learn More At VOL. 29, NO. 3–4 | MARCH-APRIL 2019 Holes in the Bottom of the Sea: History, Revolutions, and Future Opportunities GSA MEMBERSHIP 2019 www.geosociety.org/members Take Advantage of the following GSA Partnerships with your 2019 Membership Geofacets FREE Supercharge your research with Geofacets—web-based research tool to access thousands of georeferenced maps. Search by keyword, map coordinates, scale, map type, and more. Journal of Geoscience Education (JGE) Special Offer Peer-reviewed publication for geoscience education research concerning the pedagogy, assessment, and philosophy of teaching and learning—published for the National Association of Geoscience Teachers (NAGT) by Taylor & Francis. Online subscription US$45 including archives (US$35 savings). Interior Federal Credit Union Membership (IFCU) Special Offer IFCU funds the first US$25 deposit into a savings account to establish membership. IFCU also offers a young adult account—ideal for GSA student and early career professional members. Mappt Standard Special Offer Powerful mobile GIS and data collection app for Android. Easily map and capture data offline in the field using a tablet or mobile phone. Mappt integrates with all major desktop GIS software. EARTH Magazine FREE As an AGI member society, GSA members are eligible for a free digital subscription to EARTH magazine, published by AGI. Go to https://digital.earthmagazine.org to sign up. The planet is at your fingertips for free! MARCH-APRIL 2019 | VOLUME 29, NUMBER 3–4 SCIENCE 4 Holes in the Bottom of the Sea: History, Revolutions, and Future Opportunities GSA TODAY (ISSN 1052-5173 USPS 0456-530) prints news Suzanne OConnell and information for more than 22,000 GSA member readers and subscribing libraries, with 11 monthly issues (March- Cover: International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) ships (left April is a combined issue). GSA TODAY is published by The to right): the Chikyu, a riser-equipped platform coring in the western Geological Society of America® Inc. (GSA) with offices at 3300 Penrose Place, Boulder, Colorado, USA, and a mail- Pacific; the JOIDES Resolution, which recovers cores throughout the ing address of P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140, USA. ocean; and a Mission Specific Platform (MSP) drilling vessel. Dotted GSA provides this and other forums for the presentation lines—representative depth. Left: Methanogenic microbial communities of diverse opinions and positions by scientists worldwide, recovered by the Chikyu during 2012 Expedition 377, Site C0020, more regardless of race, citizenship, gender, sexual orientation, religion, or political viewpoint. Opinions presented in this than 2 km (1.25 mi) beneath the sea floor in a Miocene coalbed 80 km publication do not reflect official positions of the Society. (50 mi) off of the Shimokita Peninsula, Japan. Center: Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum cores recovered by the JOIDES Resolution. Left core is from Site 1209, Shatsky Rise, Pacific, taken in © 2019 The Geological Society of America Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright not claimed on content prepared 2387-meter-deep water (mbsl). Right core is from Site 1262, Walvis Ridge, South Atlantic, taken at wholly by U.S. government employees within the scope of 4755 mbsl. Color change shows carbonate dissolution. Right: MSP Expedition 364, Site M0077, cored their employment. Individual scientists are hereby granted through the rim of the Chicxulub impact crater. Shown is suevite that contains clasts and melted rocks. permission, without fees or request to GSA, to use a single Photo credits: left: JAMSTEC/IODP; center and right: IODP. 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Nonmembers and institutions: 13 National Park Service Geoscientists-in-the-Parks (GIP) Opportunities GSA TODAY is US$102/yr; to subscribe, or for claims for non-receipt and damaged copies, contact gsaservice@ 14 Get into the Field with These GSA Awards geosociety.org. Claims are honored for one year; please allow sufficient delivery time for overseas copies. Peri- odicals postage paid at Boulder, Colorado, USA, and at 15 GSA Minority Student Scholarships additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to GSA Sales & Service, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, 15 On To the Future Travel Awards CO 80301-9140. GSA TODAY STAFF 16 Thinking about Your Geoscience Career Path? The AGI Student Executive Director and Publisher: Vicki S. McConnell Exit Survey Can Help You Make Informed Decisions Science Editors: Mihai N. Ducea, University of Arizona, Dept. of Geosciences, Gould-Simpson Building, 1040 E 4th 17 2019 GeoCareers Section Meeting Programs Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA, [email protected] .edu; Peter Copeland, University of Houston, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Science & Research 18 2017–2018 GSA-USGS Congressional Science Fellow Final Report: Building 1, 3507 Cullen Blvd., Room 314, Houston, Texas Hill Essentials for Science Policy: Data, Communication, Relationships, 77204-5008, USA, [email protected]. and Kindness Member Communications Manager: Matt Hudson, [email protected] 20 Thompson Field Forum Report Managing Editor: Kristen “Kea” Giles, [email protected], [email protected] 25 In Memoriam Graphics Production: Emily Levine, [email protected] Advertising Manager: Ann Crawford, 26 Call for Nominations: GSA Scientific Division Awards +1-800-472-1988 ext. 1053; +1-303-357-1053; Fax: +1-303-357-1070; [email protected] 27 Call for Committee Service: Help Shape the Future of Geoscience GSA Online: www.geosociety.org GSA TODAY: www.geosociety.org/gsatoday 30 Elections: GSA Officers and Councilors Printed in the USA using pure soy inks. 34 Geoscience Jobs & Opportunities 35 GSA Foundation Update 36 Groundwork: The AGeS2 (Awards for Geochronology Student research 2) Program: Supporting Community Geochronology Needs and Interdisciplinary Science 39 2019 GSA Section Meetings Holes in the Bottom of the Sea: History, Revolutions, and Future Opportunities Suzanne OConnell, Professor of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA, [email protected] ABSTRACT about plate tectonics, ocean chemistry, (Scripps Institution of Oceanography No other international scientific col- evolution, life in harsh environments, [SIO]) and Harry Hess (Princeton laboration has contributed as much to our and climate change. University), both AMSOC members, knowledge of Earth processes as scientific Scientists from across the world have proposed to drill a deep hole to sample ocean drilling (SOD). These contributions benefited from and contributed to the pro- Earth’s mantle below a zone of seismic include geophysical surveys, core sam- gram. Geophysical site survey data, cores, velocity change, the Mohorovicic ples, borehole well logs, and sub-seafloor and associated information are available to Discontinuity (Moho): “Project Mohole.” observatories. After more than half a the global scientific community to study The National Science Foundation (NSF) century, involving thousands of scientists and sample. More than 1000 international may have been in favor of the project, from around the world, SOD has been scientists, ranging in age from early career because the 1957 International Union of instrumental in developing three geosci- to retired, are proponents on active propos- Geodesy and Geophysics Resolution 11 ence revolutions: (1) plate tectonics, als for upcoming drilling. recommended that the Moho be drilled. (2) paleoceanography, and (3) the deep This article, by no means comprehen- The Soviet Union said they had the equip- marine biosphere. Without SOD, it is sive, highlights parts of the history and a ment and were looking for a place to drill unlikely that our current understanding few major discoveries of SOD. More (Bascom, 1961). They had just launched of Earth processes could have developed. complete histories are available in Ocean the Sputnik satellite. Their technological Building upon prior scientific results, Drilling: Accomplishments and Challenges advance alarmed many Americans the current science plan is guided by four (National Research Council, 2011), Earth and spurred investment in U.S. science interlinked themes: Planetary Dynamics, and Life Processes Discovered from and technology. Climate and Ocean Change, Biosphere Subseafloor Environments: A Decade of Despite the difficulties of SOD, Frontiers, and Earth in Motion. SOD has Science Achieved by the Integrated Ocean AMSOC, with NSF funding, took on the also been a leader in international collabo- Drilling Program (IODP) (Stein et al., challenge. Many technological improve- rations and the open sharing of samples, 2014), and Koppers et al. (2019). GSA Data ments were necessary for such a project: data, and information. Results from
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