DOCSLIB.ORG

Nico Ti an A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

NICO TI AN A PROCEDURES FOR EXPERIMENTAL USE isagji^- Mil *^yr ^^^ UNITED STATES TECHNICAL PREPARED BY [(ÜjJ) DEPARTMENT OF BULLETIN SCIENCE AND ^^ AGRICULTURE NUMBER 1586 EDUCATION ADMINISTRATION Contributors L. G. Burk T. Murashige SEA, USDA Department of Plant Sciences Tobacco Research Laboratory University of California Oxford, N.C. 27565 Riverside, Calif. 92502 J. F. Chaplin G. Schaeffer SEA, USDA SEA, USDA Tobacco Research Laboratory Cell Culture and Nitrogen Fixation Laboratory Oxford, N.C. 27565 Beltsville, Md. 20705 G. B. Collins L. Sequeira Department of Agronomy Department of Plant Pathology University of Kentucky University of Wisconsin Lexington, Ky. 40506 Madison, Wis. 53706 R. D. Durbin M. Shabde-Moses SEA, USDA Department of Plant Sciences Department of Plant Pathology University of California University of Wisconsin Riverside, Calif. 92502 Madison, Wis. 53706 T. A. Shalla R. W. Fulton Department of Plant Pathology Department of Plant Pathology University of California University of Wisconsin Davis, Calif. 95616 Madison, Wis. 53706 H. H. Smith J. P. Helgeson Department of Biology SEA, USDA Brookhaven National Laboratory Department of Plant Pathology Upton, N.Y. 11973 University of Wisconsin Madison, Wis. 53706 J. R. Stavely SEA, USDA M. J. Kasperbauer Tobacco Laboratory SEA, USDA Beltsville, Md. 20705 Department of Agronomy University of Kentucky H. M. Wilson Lexington, Ky. 40506 Department of Plant Pathology University of Wisconsin L A. Mastrangelo Madison, Wis. 53706 Biology Department New York University New York, N.Y. 10003 Abstract R. D. Durbin, ed. Nicoiiana: Procedures for Experimental Use, U.S. Department of Agri- culture, Technical Bulletin 1586. Background information and procedures for using the genus Nicoiiana as experimental subjects are presented. Each chapter first surveys a topic, then, in detail, presents the associated experimental techniques. The topics include plant propagating and hybridizing; cytogenetical techniques; organ, tissue, cell and protoplast culture; protoplast fusion and organelle transfer; selection of biochemical cell varients; virology; disease resistance; and bacterial hyper- sensitivity. In addition, a genetical overview is given of the genus. Keywords: Nicoiiana, tobacco, tissue culture, protoplast, disease resistance, haploids, protoplast and organelle fusion, organ culture, and bacterial hyper- sensitivity. Trade names and the names of commercial companies are used in this publication solely to provide specific information. Mention of a tr^de name or manufacturer does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or an endorsement by the Department over other products not men- tioned. 449575 Foreword Advances in botanical research have often depended upon the proper choice of an experimental plant. In this regard, the genus Nicotiana has been pre- eminently successful. A few such advances in which it has played a crucial role include photoperiodism, whose study has contributed much to our knowl- edge of flowering and other aspects of plant growth, and which was first elucidated in Maryland Mammoth tobacco by Garner and Allard (Journal Agricultural Re- search 18:553) ; the discovery of cytokinins as a class of plant growth substances depended upon tobacco tissue cultures ; and quantitative virus assays were revo- lutionized by Holmes (Phytopathology 28:553) when he used leaves of N, glu- tinosa as a local lesion indicator for tobacco mosaic virus. Pioneering research in haploid plant production, quantitative genetics, incompatibility systems, and parasexual hybridization also have used tobacco as the experimental plant of choice. Because of its many advantages, the prospect for the continued and even expanded employment of Nicotiana in theoretical biology seems assured. How- ever, the necessary background information and procedures for taking full ad- vantage of its attributes have never been brought together and, in some cases, are not published. Hence, the reason for this volume. Our hopes in presenting this information are that it will benefit experimenters in various disciplines and that they will continue to find Nicotiana useful. Suppliers of the specialized materials mentioned (plants, chemicals and ap- paratus) are listed in the Appendix. The Index contains all references to Nicotiana spp. in the text, but it does not include those mentioned in figures or tables. R. D. Durbin Science and Education Administration USD A; University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. Ill Contents Foreword iv R. D. Durbin 1 The genus as a genetic resource 1 H. H. Smith 2 Cytogenetic techniques 17 G. B. Collins 3 Hybridization 23 L. G. Burk and J. F, Chaplin 4 Plant propagation 28 J. F. Chaplin and L. G. Burk 5 Haploid plant production and use 33 M. J. Kasperbauer and H. M. Wilson 6 Organ culture 40 M. Shabde-Moses and T. Murashige 7 Tissue and cell suspension culture 52 J. P. Helgeson 8 Protoplast isolation and culture 60 T. A. Shalla 9 Protoplast fusion and organelle transfer 65 I. A. Mastrangelo 10 Selection of biochemical variants from cell culture 74 G. Schaef f er 11 Nicotianas as experimental virus hosts 79 R. W. Fulton 12 Disease resistance 87 J. R. Stavely 13 Bacterial hypersensitivity Ill L. Sequeira Appendix-Suppliers 121 Species index 122 Issued January 1979 IV THE GENUS AS A GENETIC RESOURCE H. H. Smithi Introduction 1 The species 2 Polyploidy, aneuploidy and the origin of Nicotiana tahacum .. 3 Biometrical studies 6 Biochemical genetics 6 Alkaloids 6 Isozymes 7 Genetic tumors 7 Evidence for genetic control 7 Physiological characteristics 8 Some unique advantages of Nicotiana for future genetic research 9 Built-in selective system at the cell level 9 Fraction I protein : a molecular genetic marker 9 Consequences of interspecific gene transfer 10 References 12 Introduction The genus Nicotiana has been used widely in genetic postulating the origin of N, tahacum, establishing a series research, and in related botanical disciplines, largely be- of monosomes, interspecific transferring of genes for disease cause of the great variation and different stages of evolu- resistance, and clarifying cytogenetic and phylogenetic re- tionary divergence that species offer. Within a species, lations among species. Reviews on the cytogenetics of the genetic studies are aided by the simplicity of controlled genus Nicotiana have been published by East {42), Kos- pollination and the abundant yield of seeds and progeny toff {76), Goodspeed {53) and Smith {133, 139). (ch. 3). Between species, hybridizing has revealed dis- Throughout the 1950^s and 1960's, parallel to the study tinctive, cytogenetic relationships, and hereditary char- of tobacco cytogenetics, a separate discipline of single cell actetristics such as genetic tumors, differences in bio- culture was being developed, which made extensive use of chemical traits of alkaloids and isozymes, markers for Nicotiana spp. (ch. 7). Several investigators clearly dem- chloroplast deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and certain so- onstrated that whole tobacco plants could be differentiated matic instabilities that are used to demonstrate the genetic from single somatic cells {157). In the late 1960*s fungal control of gene expression. The applications that have cellulases, hemicellulases, and pectinases became commer- been made in the past suggest that, as new techniques and cially available from Japan. Techniques for their wide- concepts evolve, Nicotiana spp. will continue to find use scale use in isolating protoplasts rapidly advanced (ch. 8). in and to be applied to arising problems. In 1969-70 Takebe and his associates {106, 156) isolated The favorableness of Nicotiana spp. for experimental re- protoplasts from tobacco leaves that underwent mitotic search did not escape the notice of the pre-Mendelian hy- division and regenerated into whole plants {152). bridizers. Kolreuter, the first to undertake systematic, sci- With the consolidation of the fields of cell culture and entific hybridizing in plants, succeeded in obtaining the plant genetics using such model systems as Nicotiana cross N. rustica X N. paniculata, describing it in 1761 {138), the significance and potential of somatic cell plant more than 100 years before MendePs results were pub- genetics became recognized. Research with tobacco is in a lished {109, 151),'' Throughout the first half of the 20th better position than with any other crop plant to take ad- century, Nicotiana spp. were used in many studies aimed vantage of the new developments in genetic engineering at establishing the basis of classical genetics. These ad- {141). Not only is this because the cells and tissues of to- vances in genetics included forming the multiple factor bacco are inherently relatively easy to culture, but the hypothesis, producing new species through amphiploidy and techniques themselves have been developed to a consider- able extent by using species of the genus Nicotiana. Also, ^Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, N.Y. 11973. as noted above, the phylogenetic structure of the genus ^Italic numbers in parentheses in each chapter refer to "References" provides a rich reservoir of genetic resources for experi- listed at the end of each chapter. ments. 1 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1586, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE The Species A taxonomic monograph of the genus Nicotiana is in- chromosome number of each. N. sanderae is not included cluded in Goodspeed's book (53), It is classified into 3 in the table because it is a horticultural species
Recommended publications
  • Characterisation of an Intron-Split Solanales Microrna

    Characterisation of an Intron-Split Solanales Microrna

    Characterisation of an intron-split Solanales microRNA Zahara Medina Calzada A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of East Anglia School of Biological Sciences September 2017 This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived there from must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or extract must include full attribution “Doing science is very romantic… when it works!” (the friend of a friend of mine) 2 Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a distinct class of short endogenous RNAs with central roles in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression that make them essential for the development and normal physiology of several groups of eukaryotes, including plants. In the last 15 years, hundreds of miRNA species have been identified in plants and great advances have been achieved in the understanding of plant miRNA biogenesis and mode of action. However, many miRNAs, generally those with less conventional features, still remain to be discovered. Likewise, further layers that regulate the pathway from miRNA biogenesis to function and turnover are starting to be revealed. In the present work we have studied the tomato miRNA “top14”, a miRNA with a non-canonical pri-miRNA structure in which an intron is in between miRNA and miRNA*. We have found that this miRNA is conserved within the economically important Solanaceae family and among other members of the Solanales order also agriculturally relevant, like in sweet potato, while its peculiar intron-split pri-miRNA structure is exclusively kept in the more closely related genera Solanum , Capsicum and Nicotiana .
  • Nitrogen Containing Volatile Organic Compounds

    Nitrogen Containing Volatile Organic Compounds

    DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit Nitrogen containing Volatile Organic Compounds Verfasserin Olena Bigler angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Pharmazie (Mag.pharm.) Wien, 2012 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 996 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Pharmazie Betreuer: Univ. Prof. Mag. Dr. Gerhard Buchbauer Danksagung Vor allem lieben herzlichen Dank an meinen gütigen, optimistischen, nicht-aus-der-Ruhe-zu-bringenden Betreuer Herrn Univ. Prof. Mag. Dr. Gerhard Buchbauer ohne dessen freundlichen, fundierten Hinweisen und Ratschlägen diese Arbeit wohl niemals in der vorliegenden Form zustande gekommen wäre. Nochmals Danke, Danke, Danke. Weiteres danke ich meinen Eltern, die sich alles vom Munde abgespart haben, um mir dieses Studium der Pharmazie erst zu ermöglichen, und deren unerschütterlicher Glaube an die Fähigkeiten ihrer Tochter, mich auch dann weitermachen ließ, wenn ich mal alles hinschmeissen wollte. Auch meiner Schwester Ira gebührt Dank, auch sie war mir immer eine Stütze und Hilfe, und immer war sie da, für einen guten Rat und ein offenes Ohr. Dank auch an meinen Sohn Igor, der mit viel Verständnis akzeptierte, dass in dieser Zeit meine Prioritäten an meiner Diplomarbeit waren, und mein Zeitbudget auch für ihn eingeschränkt war. Schliesslich last, but not least - Dank auch an meinen Mann Joseph, der mich auch dann ertragen hat, wenn ich eigentlich unerträglich war. 2 Abstract This review presents a general analysis of the scienthr information about nitrogen containing volatile organic compounds (N-VOC’s) in plants.
  • Genome Skimming for Phylogenomics

    Genome Skimming for Phylogenomics

    Genome skimming for phylogenomics Steven Andrew Dodsworth School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK. Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy November 2015 1 Statement of originality I, Steven Andrew Dodsworth, confirm that the research included within this thesis is my own work or that where it has been carried out in collaboration with, or supported by others, that this is duly acknowledged and my contribution indicated. Previously published material is also acknowledged and a full list of publications is given in the Appendix. Details of collaboration and publications are given at the start of each chapter, as appropriate. I attest that I have exercised reasonable care to ensure that the work is original, and does not to the best of my knowledge break any UK law, infringe any third party’s copyright or other Intellectual Property Right, or contain any confidential material. I accept that the College has the right to use plagiarism detection software to check the electronic version of the thesis. I confirm that this thesis has not been previously submitted for the award of a degree by this or any other university. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author. Signature: Date: 16th November 2015 2 Frontispiece: Nicotiana burbidgeae Symon at Dalhousie Springs, South Australia. 2014. Photo: S. Dodsworth. 3 Acknowledgements Firstly, I would like to thank my PhD supervisors, Professor Andrew Leitch and Professor Mark Chase.
  • Appendix Color Plates of Solanales Species

    Appendix Color Plates of Solanales Species

    Appendix Color Plates of Solanales Species The first half of the color plates (Plates 1–8) shows a selection of phytochemically prominent solanaceous species, the second half (Plates 9–16) a selection of convol- vulaceous counterparts. The scientific name of the species in bold (for authorities see text and tables) may be followed (in brackets) by a frequently used though invalid synonym and/or a common name if existent. The next information refers to the habitus, origin/natural distribution, and – if applicable – cultivation. If more than one photograph is shown for a certain species there will be explanations for each of them. Finally, section numbers of the phytochemical Chapters 3–8 are given, where the respective species are discussed. The individually combined occurrence of sec- ondary metabolites from different structural classes characterizes every species. However, it has to be remembered that a small number of citations does not neces- sarily indicate a poorer secondary metabolism in a respective species compared with others; this may just be due to less studies being carried out. Solanaceae Plate 1a Anthocercis littorea (yellow tailflower): erect or rarely sprawling shrub (to 3 m); W- and SW-Australia; Sects. 3.1 / 3.4 Plate 1b, c Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade): erect herbaceous perennial plant (to 1.5 m); Europe to central Asia (naturalized: N-USA; cultivated as a medicinal plant); b fruiting twig; c flowers, unripe (green) and ripe (black) berries; Sects. 3.1 / 3.3.2 / 3.4 / 3.5 / 6.5.2 / 7.5.1 / 7.7.2 / 7.7.4.3 Plate 1d Brugmansia versicolor (angel’s trumpet): shrub or small tree (to 5 m); tropical parts of Ecuador west of the Andes (cultivated as an ornamental in tropical and subtropical regions); Sect.
  • The Two A-Dox Genes of Nicotiana Attenuata: Overlapping but Distinct Functions in Development and Stress Responses

    The Two A-Dox Genes of Nicotiana Attenuata: Overlapping but Distinct Functions in Development and Stress Responses

    Steppuhn et al. BMC Plant Biology 2010, 10:171 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2229/10/171 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The two a-dox genes of Nicotiana attenuata: overlapping but distinct functions in development and stress responses Anke Steppuhn2†, Emmanuel Gaquerel1†, Ian T Baldwin1* Abstract Background: Plant fatty acid a-dioxygenases (a-DOX) are oxylipin-forming enzymes induced by biotic and abiotic stresses, which also participate in developmental processes. In Nicotiana attenuata, herbivory strongly induces the expression of an a-dox1 gene. To determine its role, we silenced its expression using Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation with an inverted repeat construct. More than half of the transformed lines showed a severe dwarf growth phenotype that was very similar to the phenotype of tomato plants mutated at a second a-dox isoform. This led us to identify the corresponding a-dox2 gene in N. attenuata and examine the regulation of both a-dox genes as well as the consequences of their silencing in plant development and anti-herbivore defense. Results: The transformed lines exhibiting a dwarf growth phenotype are co-silenced for both a-dox genes resulting in a nearly complete suppression of a-DOX activity, which is associated with increases in ABA, JA and anthocyanin levels, all metabolic signatures of oxidative stress. The other lines, only silenced for a-dox1, developed similarly to wild-type plants, exhibited a 40% reduction of a-DOX activity resulting in a 50% reduction of its main product in planta (2-HOT) and showed no signs of oxidative stress. In contrast to a-dox1, the expression of a-dox2 gene is not induced by wounding or elicitors in the oral secretions of Manduca sexta.
  • Use of Several Natural Products from Selected Nicotiana Species to Prevent Black Shank Disease in Tobacco* By

    Use of Several Natural Products from Selected Nicotiana Species to Prevent Black Shank Disease in Tobacco* By

    Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/ Contributions to Tobacco Research Volume 27 @ No. 3 @ July 2016 DOI: 10.1515/cttr-2016-0013 Use of Several Natural Products from Selected Nicotiana Species to Prevent Black Shank Disease in Tobacco* by Antoaneta B. Kroumova, Ivan Artiouchine, and George J. Wagner Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center (KTRDC), College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA SUMMARY tion by both races by 50–60% and delayed the disease by 6–10 days. Phylloplanin was least suppressive in both Black shank is a major annual disease threat to all types of tobacco cultivars. We consider sclareol to be the best tobacco worldwide. It is caused by the fungus Phytoph- candidate for future studies due to its antifungal properties thora parasitica var. nicotianae (PPN). The major tobacco and availability. cis-Abienol, despite its good antifungal growing areas in US - Kentucky, Tennessee and North activity, is not feasible for large-scale use due to the Carolina can experience devastating losses, reaching in production and stability limitations. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. some fields up to 100%. Thus far, the main approaches to Int. 27 (2016) 113–125] control this disease have been creation of resistant varieties, fungicide treatments, and crop rotation. Some fungicides are reported to have negative effects on the environment. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG The goal of this work was to test the antifungal activity of several natural products that are synthesized by certain Die Stängelgrundfäule stellt jährlich eine der größten Nicotiana species, and secreted to the leaf surface. We Bedrohungen für alle Sorten von Tabak weltweit dar. Sie hypothesized that phylloplanin, cis-abienol, labdenediol wird durch den Pilz Phytophthora parasitica var.
  • Arab Journal of Plant Protection

    Arab Journal of Plant Protection

    Under the Patronage of H.E. the President of the Council of Ministers, Lebanon Arab Journal of Plant Protection Volume 27, Special Issue (Supplement), October 2009 Abstracts Book 10th Arab Congress of Plant Protection Organized by Arab Society for Plant Protection in Collaboration with National Council for Scientific Research Crowne Plaza Hotel, Beirut, Lebanon 26-30 October, 2009 Edited by Safaa Kumari, Bassam Bayaa, Khaled Makkouk, Ahmed El-Ahmed, Ahmed El-Heneidy, Majd Jamal, Ibrahim Jboory, Walid Abou-Gharbieh, Barakat Abu Irmaileh, Elia Choueiri, Linda Kfoury, Mustafa Haidar, Ahmed Dawabah, Adwan Shehab, Youssef Abu-Jawdeh Organizing Committee of the 10th Arab Congress of Plant Protection Mouin Hamze Chairman National Council for Scientific Research, Beirut, Lebanon Khaled Makkouk Secretary National Council for Scientific Research, Beirut, Lebanon Youssef Abu-Jawdeh Member Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon Leila Geagea Member Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Holy Spirit University- Kaslik, Lebanon Mustafa Haidar Member Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon Walid Saad Member Pollex sal, Beirut, Lebanon Samir El-Shami Member Ministry of Agriculture, Beirut, Lebanon Elia Choueiri Member Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, Tal Amara, Zahle, Lebanon Linda Kfoury Member Faculty of Agriculture, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon Khalil Melki Member Unifert, Beirut, Lebanon Imad Nahal Member Ministry of Agriculture, Beirut,
  • Heterochrony of Floral and Mating System Characters Between Nicotiana Longiflora and N

    Heterochrony of Floral and Mating System Characters Between Nicotiana Longiflora and N

    HETEROCHRONY OF FLORAL AND MATING SYSTEM CHARACTERS BETWEEN NICOTIANA LONGIFLORA AND N. PLUMBAGINIFOLIA A Thesis presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School at the University of Missouri-Columbia In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts by JACOB W. SOULE Dr. Timothy P. Holtsford, Thesis Supervisor MAY 2007 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the thesis entitled HETEROCHRONY OF FLORAL AND MATING SYSTEM CHARACTERS BETWEEN NICOTIANA LONGIFLORA AND N. PLUMBAGINIFOLIA presented by Jacob W. Soule, a candidate for the degree of Master of Arts, and hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Professor Timothy P. Holtsford Professor J. Chris Pires Professor Bruce A. McClure ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis would not have been possible without my advisor Dr. Tim Holtsford. His insight and thoughtful comments helped me to bring this to completion. He helped me focus my project into something worthwhile. I had a lot of help from my lab mates Rainee Kaczorowski, Sherry Ellberg, Dulce Figueroa-Castro and Chris Lee; their discussions helped me to get past many difficulties for which I am grateful, as well as for their willing help with watering and care of plants. I would like to thank Paul Walker for his enthusiastic help with lab work and for the hours he spent measuring flowers for plastochron calibrations. The terrific feedback given to me by my committee members Dr. J. Chris Pires and Dr. Bruce A. McClure greatly improved the final product. Finally, I never would have made it through this without the love and support of my parents, Robert and Judith Soule, and of my fiancée Danielle A.
  • Detecting Tobamoviruses Using LED

    Detecting Tobamoviruses Using LED

    ENZA ZADEN CLICK TO START Detecting Tobamoviruses using LED Jeroen Reintke – Enza Zaden Seed Operations B.V. Friday, 17 May 2019 ENZA ZADEN Detecting Tobamoviruses using LED ENZA ZADEN Outline • Introduction / Background • Technical • Before and After ENZA ZADEN Introduction / Background Seed Health method development Goal: To develop seed health protocols Align with vision: more, quicker, better Focus on molecular methods and standardization of detection methods Higher throughput • Pre-screen molecular assay • Automation of detection Better standardization over assays for improved reliability • Automation of detection • Standardized spikes and controls Validation for NAL accreditation for phytosanitary purposes Troubleshooting Routine Seed health ENZA ZADEN Tobamoviruses Tobamo virus, family of Virgaviridae Single positive stranded genomic RNA 6.3-6.6Kb genome size Figure 1.Tobamovirus. (Left) Model of particle 37 species in Tobamovirus group of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Also shown is the RNA as it is thought to participate in the Consists of two groups assembly process. (Right) Negative contrast electron micrograph of TMV particle stained Tobamovirus group 1 - solanaceae with uranyl acetate. The bar represents 100 nm. Tobamovirus group 2 – Cucurbit viruses Virus is very stable >10 yrs in seed Thermal inactiviation point 90C for 10 min in plant sap ENZA ZADEN Tobamoviruses – epidemiology Virus spreads: Mechanically Tobacco/cigarettes Tabasco/Sambal Fresh fruits Water Irrigation water Pollen Bees Seeds Co-infections with other viruses make symptoms worse and plants more susceptible Up to 30% yield loss ENZA ZADEN Detection of Tobamoviruses Bioassay for determination of presence and infectiousness Tobamoviruses infecting Solanaceae are detected in bioassay Rub inoculate leaf and/or seed materials (12x250) Based on the ability of producing necrotic lesions on tobacco leaves Nicotiana tabacum L.
  • A Molecular Phylogeny of the Solanaceae

    A Molecular Phylogeny of the Solanaceae

    TAXON 57 (4) • November 2008: 1159–1181 Olmstead & al. • Molecular phylogeny of Solanaceae MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS A molecular phylogeny of the Solanaceae Richard G. Olmstead1*, Lynn Bohs2, Hala Abdel Migid1,3, Eugenio Santiago-Valentin1,4, Vicente F. Garcia1,5 & Sarah M. Collier1,6 1 Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, U.S.A. *olmstead@ u.washington.edu (author for correspondence) 2 Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, U.S.A. 3 Present address: Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt 4 Present address: Jardin Botanico de Puerto Rico, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Apartado Postal 364984, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico 5 Present address: Department of Integrative Biology, 3060 Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A. 6 Present address: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, U.S.A. A phylogeny of Solanaceae is presented based on the chloroplast DNA regions ndhF and trnLF. With 89 genera and 190 species included, this represents a nearly comprehensive genus-level sampling and provides a framework phylogeny for the entire family that helps integrate many previously-published phylogenetic studies within So- lanaceae. The four genera comprising the family Goetzeaceae and the monotypic families Duckeodendraceae, Nolanaceae, and Sclerophylaceae, often recognized in traditional classifications, are shown to be included in Solanaceae. The current results corroborate previous studies that identify a monophyletic subfamily Solanoideae and the more inclusive “x = 12” clade, which includes Nicotiana and the Australian tribe Anthocercideae. These results also provide greater resolution among lineages within Solanoideae, confirming Jaltomata as sister to Solanum and identifying a clade comprised primarily of tribes Capsiceae (Capsicum and Lycianthes) and Physaleae.
  • How Does Genome Size Affect the Evolution of Pollen Tube Growth Rate, a Haploid Performance Trait?

    How Does Genome Size Affect the Evolution of Pollen Tube Growth Rate, a Haploid Performance Trait?

    Manuscript bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/462663; this version postedClick April here18, 2019. to The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv aaccess/download;Manuscript;PTGR.genome.evolution.15April20 license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Effects of genome size on pollen performance 2 3 4 5 How does genome size affect the evolution of pollen tube growth rate, a haploid 6 performance trait? 7 8 9 10 11 John B. Reese1,2 and Joseph H. Williams2 12 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 13 37996, U.S.A. 14 15 16 17 1Author for correspondence: 18 John B. Reese 19 Tel: 865 974 9371 20 Email: [email protected] 21 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/462663; this version posted April 18, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 22 ABSTRACT 23 Premise of the Study – Male gametophytes of most seed plants deliver sperm to eggs via a 24 pollen tube. Pollen tube growth rates (PTGRs) of angiosperms are exceptionally rapid, a pattern 25 attributed to more effective haploid selection under stronger pollen competition. Paradoxically, 26 whole genome duplication (WGD) has been common in angiosperms but rare in gymnosperms.
  • PEREGRINO-THESIS-2017.Pdf (6.329Mb)

    PEREGRINO-THESIS-2017.Pdf (6.329Mb)

    Biochemical studies in the elucidation of genes involved in tropane alkaloid production in Erythroxylum coca and Erythroxylum novogranatense by Olga P. Estrada, B. S. A Thesis In Chemical Biology Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCES Approved Dr. John C. D’Auria Chair of Committee Dr. David W. Nes Co-chair of Committee Mark Sheridan Dean of the Graduate School May, 2017 Copyright 2017, Olga P. Estrada Texas Tech University, Olga P. Estrada, May 2017 AKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my mentor and advisor Dr. John C. D’Auria, for providing me with the tools to become a scientist, and offering me his unconditional support. Thanks to the members of the D’Auria lab, especially Neill Kim and Benjamin Chavez for their aid during my experimental studies. And of course, thank you to my family for always giving me the strength to pursue my goals. ii Texas Tech University, Olga P. Estrada, May 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS AKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................................... ii ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................. vi LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... vii CHAPTER I .........................................................................................................................