Please Note:

This dictionary was intended to further understanding between English and Turkmen speakers. It may be freely distributed for educational purposes. It may not be sold for profit without the express written permission of its authors. Please direct all comments and inquiries regarding this dictionary to the following e-mail address: [email protected]

Helpful feedback and suggestions are always appreciated.

Greg Lastowka Charlottesville 1999 Introduction ii

TURKMEN - ENGLISH

DICTIONARY

a SPA project of Peace Corps Turkmenistan

Contributing Editors:

Jonathan Garrett Greg Lastowka Akgul Muhammetmuradova Jahan Myradova Kimberly Naahielua Meena Pallipamu Muhammed Rustamov Meretgul Sharipova Aynabat Yaylymova

© 1996 Garret, Lastowka, Naahielua, Pallipamu Introduction iii

Introduction

This dictionary is, to our knowledge, the first comprehensive Turkmen/English dictionary to be printed. It consists of over 10,000 words and definitions and is intended as a general-purpose dictionary. This dictionary was conceptualized, researched, and written as a secondary project of Peace Corps volunteers living in Turkmenistan, aided by Peace Corps staff and local counterparts. Its first printing was funded by a Small Project Assistance grant from the United States Goverment through Peace Corps Turkmenistan. We hope that it will aid in communication and mutual understanding between the people of our two countries. Please direct any comments, corrections, or ommissions to Turkmen Dictionary Project, c/o Peace Corps Turkmenistan, P.O. Box 258, Krugozor, Central Post Office, Ashgabat 744000. Introduction iv

Acknowledgements

This dictionary was a cooperative effort. We would like to extend our thanks to: Ainabat Yaylymova for her enthusiasm and dedication to the project; Muhamet Rustamov of Bairam Ali for his expertise and assistance in translating obscure phrases and usages; Mehri Karkulova and Zuhre of the Peace Corp Staff in Ashgabat for their proofreading and general assistance; Berdi and Gulya Orazahatov of Bairam Ali for their encouragement and support; Sofia Esenovna Bagirova of Buzmein for her encouragement; and special thanks to Atgul Muhammetmuradova for her assistance throughout the project. The authors also wish to acknowledge the contribution of V. Mesgudov, whose Turkmen/Russian Student's Dictionary was an important resource. Above all, the authors would like to thank our Turkmen friends, families, and co-workers, who taught us their language and made this book possible.

Jonathan Garrett Greg Lastowka Kimberly Naahielua Meena Pallipamu

Ashgabat, September 1996 Introduction v

Abbreviations

adj. adjective adv. adverb anat. anatomical bot. botanical col. colloquial fig. figurative use geol. geological geom. geometrical gram. grammatical i.e. for example mat. mathematical med. medical mil. military n. noun, or noun-adjective poet. poetic language r. denotes that the word in question is either exists in the Russian language, or is derived from a word that exists in the Russian language. v. verb zool. zoological

Notes on Method

Every attempt was made to find the most reasonable and accurate translation for all words. In cases where a single Turkmen word has no single equivalent in English, multiple possible translations are separated by a comma, i.e.:

çekisme discussion, debate

When a word has various meaning in Turkmen, the multiple meanings are separated by numbers, i.e.:

gujak 1. embrace 2. armfull

When a two completely different words are spelled alike, their different meanings are separated by Roman numerals, i.e.:

saz I. music, musical II. accurate, intact Introduction vi

Where two words are spelled alike, but differentiated by a long vowel (see Appendix), they are listed as above, with the long vowel indicated by the vowel letter in brackets, i.e.:

at I. horse II.[a:] 1. name 2. vowel

Occasional examples of usage are given to help readers understand the word in context, or understand how the word is used in an idiomatic way. In this case, the illustrated word is followed by a colon, which is followed by the example, i.e.:

dek like, as: Bu burç dek ajy = This is hot as a pepper

In most cases, part of speech is obvious and ommitted in the interest of conserving space. However, when the part of speech is would otherwise be ambiguous, it is indicated. When single-word translations are impossible, or clarification of usage is necessary, editorial text is written in italics. For short one or two word comments, parentheses are used. Introduction vii

Printer's Note

At the time of this printing, a complete computer-based font of the new Turkmen alphabet characters was not available to the general public. As a result, three characters have been substituted with close equivalents. These characters are as follows:

Official Character Substitute Character

¥ / ÿ

£ / £

? / ?

Turkmen/English Dictionary 1

agdar-duñder etmek to ajyga ajyga, a spicy turn upside-down Turkmen salad or sauce A agdarmak to overturn, push made from potatoes, garlic, over peppers, and onions agdyk overmuch ajykmak to be hungry, abadançylyk well-being agdyklyk predominance hunger abadanla?dyrmak to make aglaba often, the greater ak white well part akaba flowing abadanla?mak to be made aglamak to cry, weep akar stream, flow well agralmak 1. to grow heavy, akdyrmak to release, let abanmak to lean over weighten 2. to advance in flow water or any other abat intact pregnancy liquid abatlyk intactness agram weight akgöwünli honest, open- abraÿ reputation agramly heavy hearted abuna subscription agsak lame aklamak to whiten, white- abunaçy subscriber agsamak to limp wash abzal tool ag?amky adj. evening aklawçy lawyer abzallar instruments ag?amlyk nahar dinner akmak 1. foolish, stupid 2. abzalla?dyrmak to make a agtarmak to search, to look to flow tool for akmaklyk stupidity aç göz greedy agtary? search, quest akrobat r. acrobat aç open agtyk grandchild aktiw r. active aç-açan freely, frankly : Aç- agy weeping, crying aktÿor r. actor açan aÿtsana = Please agyl pen, enclosure akÿuzli pale speak frankly agyr heavy akyl mind açar key agyrlyk weight akyldar intellectual açgözlylyk greed, fighting agyrmak to hurt akylly smart, clever by greedy people agyrtmak to hurt, cause akylsyz stupid açmak to open pain akylsyzlyk stupidity açyk adj. open agyry 1. ill 2. troubles akym stream, flow açyly? opening agyz beklemek to fast akytmak to pour ada island agyz mouth al pink adaglamak to betrothe agyzzyryk horse's bit ala multi-colored (2 colors) adagly betrothed agza member alabahar early spring adalat fairness agzala disjointed alabeder multi-colored (3 or adalatly fair, just agzamak 1. to mention more colors) adalatlylyk justice someone else 2. to give alaç exit, escape adalatsyzlyk injustice voice to alaçsyz inescapable adalga term, title agzybir friendly alaçsyzlyk inevitability, adam person, man agzybirlik friendship unavoidability adamkärçilik philanthropy ah darn! alada cares, troubles adamzat humanity aha aha! alada etmek to care for, go adatça normal, okay ahlak moral (of a story) to trouble over adatlanmak to adapt ahmyr etmek to regret, aladalanmak to care for, go adaty usual lament to trouble over admiral r. admiral ahmyr regret, lament aladaly troubled, adres r. address ahwalet adverb preoccupied adykmak to acquire ahyr 1. trough 2. end, exit aladandan in the pre-dawn adyl lavish, wealthy ahyrky last, final alahekik magpie adyñdaky named after ahyryn last, final alahuberen alahuberen, a affiks r. affix ajal death species of white and gray afi?a r. poster ajamak 1. to be spoiled 2. snake afrikaly African to be fermented alaja talisman of camel hair aga 1. older brother 2. ajatmak 1. to spoil 2. to alajy purchaser, customer (Balkan dialect) uncle ferment alaka rat agajet withered, wrinkled ajaÿyp wonderful, beautiful alamat mark, sign, signifier agaran 1. creamy froth of ajdarha dragon alamatlandyrmak to signify çal 2. foam, froth 3. ajöze on an empty stomach alañ hill lightened, whipped up ajy spicy, peppery, hot alarmak to dazzle Turkmen/English Dictionary 2 alarylmak to stare anonom anonymous arheologik r. archeological threateningly, to glare ant oath arhitektura r. architecture angrily anyk obvious arhiw r. archive alasarmyk cloudy, anyklamak to make clear arka back (physical) uncertain anyklyk clarity arkadaÿänç brace, support alaÿaz early spring: ol añ mind, thought arkalanmak to hope alaÿaz ÿaly boldy = he añ-bilim education, arkala?mak to give a hand came out of his bad mood knowledge to, assist alçak friendly, sociable añ-dü?ünje prospect, vista arkala?yk mutual aid aldamak to lie añalmak to wonder arkala?yk support aldanmak to deceive añkarmak to look over arkaly supported, helped by oneself añkaw stinker arkan prone aldaw deception, lie añkawmak to emit an arkaÿyn bolmak to count aldawçy liar, rascal, faker unpleasing odor on aldygyna to the best of añlatma expression, arkaÿyn safe (my, its, his) ability : Men formula arkaÿynlamak to quiet, to buni aldyguna etdim = I añlatmak to express, make still tried my best to do this signify arman impossible fantasy aldym-berdimli hard- añly sober armyt pear fought, give-and-take añmak to feel, understand arpa barley algy debt añry opposite arryk skinny aljyramak to be insecure añsat easy arryklamak to get skinny aljyraññy insecure, añsyrmak to understand arslan lion uncertain, afraid to act añzak frost artdyrma increase, multiply aljyratmak to make ap-ak whitest artilleriÿa r. artillery someone/something a apbasy two-sided artist r. artist, actor nervous wreck ar almak to take revenge artmak 1. to increase 2. to alkym chin ar revenge peel allanäme wonderful ar-namys integrity artyk extra alma 1. apple 2. (as a ara interval, middle artykmaç 1. extra 2. very: command) Don't take it! araba cart (animal driven) artykmaç gyz = very good almak to take arabaglan?yk tie, girl alñasamak to hurry, make connection ary bee haste araçäk border arza declaration alñasan hurried araçäkde? bordering arzan inexpensive alñasatmak to hasten araçy intermediary arzuw dream, wish altmy? sixty arada recently arzuw etmek to wish alty six aradan çykmak to die arzuwlamak to wish altyn gold aradan since then as lizard aluw-satuw commerce aragatna?yk tie, connection asfalt r. asphalt alyjy buyer arak vodka asgyç hanging peg alym scientist arakesme recess, break. asgyn weak alymlyk science (degree) time-out asgynlamak to weaken alyn forehead, way, lead aralamak to take apart asgynlyk weakness alyndaky fore arala?mak to attack asgyrmak to sneeze alyndañy head scarf aralyk 1. distance, interval aslynda generally alyp gelmek to come 2. middle-sized asmak to hang up taking, to bring aram moderately asman air, sky alys far aram-aram sometimes, aspirant r. graduate alysda distant now and then student aly?-çaly? exchange arassa clean assa gently aly?mak to exchange arassalamak 1. to clean 2. assistent r. assistant amal action to peel assyryn secret aman 1. health, safety, ardynjyramak to cough up assyrynlyk secretiveness wholeness 2. safe argaç woof, weft (carpet- ast bottom, below amanat unknown property making term) astronom r. astronomer amatly comfortable, handy argyn tired astronomiÿa r. astronomy amatsyz uncomfortable argynlyk weariness asuda peaceful angyz spicy plant arheolog r. archeology, asudalyk peace anna friday archeologist Turkmen/English Dictionary 3 asyl tribe, kin : siziñ atÿuzli narrow aÿlanmak 1. to go around, aslyñiz kim? = Who are atyjy shooter turn your kin? atym fingerful (about a aÿlañ-saÿlañ a little stroll asylly noble tablespoon) aÿlar seasons asylmak to hang atyr scent aÿlaw 1. circle 2. racetrack asylyp durmak tohang, be aty?mak to shoot down aÿlawly circular, curvy, hanging atyz garden bed winding asyr century auditoriÿa r. auditiorium aÿlyk 1. salary 2. monthly a? food aut out (as used in sports) aÿmança fence a?a too much aw hunt aÿna window, glass, mirror a?ak below : aÿagyñ awamak to hunt aÿnadan reflective a?agynda bolmak = to be awatmak to hunt aÿnalamak to make glassy underfoot (something) aÿra singular, unique a?aklamak to lower awçy hunter aÿralyk loneliness, a?aky beggar, low-life awlamak to hunt separation a?gar lye awu?amak to hunt aÿratyn specific, particular a?gazan stomach (something) aÿratynlyk specificity a?mak to cross : Köçeden awy poison aÿry different a?dym = I crossed the aÿ 1. moon 2. month aÿrylmak 1. to get out 2. to street aÿa palm complete 3. to die a?pez cook aÿaguç geo. foot, bottom aÿy bear (animal) a?yk sheep knee-bones aÿak leg, end aÿyl-saÿyl obvious (used in a children's game aÿakçy mosquito (lit. aÿylganç fright, horror like dice) "legger") aÿyp worthy of blame a?yr somersault aÿakgap footwear aÿypgyç accusative (gram.) a?yrmak to get across aÿakgap shoe aÿyplamak to blame at 1. horse 2. [a:] first aÿaklamak to finish aÿyrmak to complete name 3. [a:] noun 4. (as a aÿakly leggy, fast az little, few command) shoot! aÿakÿalañaç barefoot az-azdan little by little at calysma pronoun aÿal wife, woman az-oblak a little bit at capysyk horse race aÿamak to take care of aza ill at ÿatak stable aÿan obvious azalmak to lessen at-abraÿ authority, aÿat memorial ceremony azap torment, torture reputation aÿawly cautious azar bermek to give ata grandfather aÿaz frost trouble, pain ata-baba forefather aÿba-aÿ every month azar trouble, pain ata-ene parents aÿbogda? "Indian style" : aza?mak to get lost atagzy 1. mouthful, bite 2. Aÿbogda?yñy gurup azat free pliers otyrÿarys = We're sitting azatlyk freedom atanak cross "Indian style" azgyrylmak to holler atanaklaÿyn upon the cross aÿdylmak to pronounce : azmak to get spoiled atarmak to get started By söz nähile aÿdilÿar? = azot r. nitrogen (about cooking) How do you pronounce this azyk food atda? namesake word? atgulak 1. wedding gifts 2. aÿdyly? pronunciation a kind of grass aÿdym song atlandyrmak to name, call aÿdymçi singer atlaÿyn 1. [a:] namely 2. aÿdyñ 1. moonlit, moon on top (adj.) 2. obvious atlaz 1. r. atlas 2. r. satin aÿdyñla?dyrmak to make atletika r. athletics clear, explain atly 1. [a:] namely 2. [a:] aÿgyr stallion topmost 3. [a:] famous 4. aÿgyt determination on horseback aÿgytly determined atmak 1. throw 2. put 3. aÿlag 1. circle 2. gulf shoot (a weapon) 4. to aÿlamak to turn, reflect add drink or food aÿlanjyramak to stroll, atmosfera r. atmosphere saunter atom r. atom aÿlanma rotation atÿatak stall, booth Turkmen/English Dictionary 4

baky? glance : ogryn baky? basyrganmak to rant and = a furtive (stolen) glance rave B bal honey basyrmak to close, cover bala baby basy? pressure balak pants ba? 1. head 2. [a:] boil, baba grandfather balçy bee-keeper abscess babatda on the part of baldak stable ba? egme worship babatdan from that, that's baldyz younger sister-in-law ba? egmek to worship why balet r. ballet ba? tutan boss, chief bada initially balkon r. balcony ba?a-ba? one on one bada-bat immediately balkyldamak to glisten, ba?agaÿ 1. vain 2. busy badamjan eggplant glitter ba?agaÿlyk vanity badyna immediately ballistik r. ballistic ba?arjan efficient bag 1. tree 2. lace, balyk fish ba?armak to be able to shoelace banderol r. package ba?arnykly able, capable bagaj r. baggage bank bank ba?arnyklyk ability bagana sheep skin banka r. jar ba?a?ak the very height, the bagjyk lace bap chapter tippy-top baglamak to join, connect bar to exist : Seniñ kelläñ ba?da in the beginning baglany?yk joint, unison barmy? = Are you ba?dan from the very start baglany?ykly united thinking? (Do you have ba?dan-aÿak from head to baglaÿjy united, joined your head?) toes bagly bolmak to depend on barabar equal, equally ba?ga other bagly dependent barada about ba?ga zat other things bag?y singer barda?ly healthy ba?gaça 1. differently 2. bagt luck bardy-geldi if something otherwise bagtly happy (with luck) comes up : Bardy-geldi ba?lamak to begin bagyr liver siz gerek bolsanyñiz... = ba?langyç primary bagyr-öÿken lungs If it happens you need beginning bagy? devoted something... ba?ly-barat orderliness bagy?lamak 1. to forgive 2. barha all ba?lyk boss, hetman to dedicate, devote barlag check-up bat span baha mark, grade, price barlag i? quiz batalion r. battallion bahana excuse barlagçy examiner batareÿa r. battery bahanlamak to find an barlamak to check, batga 1. slime, mud 2. excuse for examine swamp bahar spring barly rich in possessions, batlandyrmak to stretch, bahyl envious abundant extend bahyllyk envy barlyk being batmak to sink, fall bahym soon (dialect of barly?yk coming, meeting, batnyksyz meaningless, basym) gathering silly baja wife's brother barmak 1. finger, toe 2. to batyr courageous, bold bajak cousin go batyrlyk courage, boldness bajy husband's sister (rarely barrikada r. baracade baÿ rich used) bars r. snow leopard baÿ-bow good golly! bajyp significant, important barÿer r. barrier sheesh! bak tank, vessel bary all, everyone, baÿan enriched, become baka straight toward: Ol everything, entire: Bary rich maña baka ÿörär gelÿärdi ?umy? = Is this all? baÿanmak to become rich = she came straight to me bary-ÿogy all in all baÿdak flag bakaleÿa r. grocery store, baryp again baÿgu? owl groceries basgalamak to trample baÿla?dyrmak to enrich bakaly well, c'mon : Aÿt basgançak step(s) baÿlyk wealth bakaly = well, tell me basmak to press baÿrak prize, reward already basseÿn r. pool baÿram festival bakja melonfield bassyrma awning baÿry old, great bakmak to graze animals basybalyjy agressor baÿrynmak to rely, be bakteria r. bacteria basylmak to lose, be protected, be supported baky eternal defeated baÿtal mare bakyna colonial basym soon baÿyr hill Turkmen/English Dictionary 5 baza r. base, foundation berÿoza r. birch bäsle?ik rivalry bazar bazaar bes enough bä? five : Bä? barmagymyñ be wow! oh! gosh! beslemek to decorate ÿaly bilÿärin = I know it bede hay bet bad like my five fingers beden body betbagt bad luck bä?lik 1. "A" student 2. n. beden terbiÿe physical betbagtlyk accident, five, fiver training misfortune biabraÿ shameful bedenterbie gym, exercise beter worse biabraÿlyk shame: Gör, bedre pail beterlemek to worsen : Ÿel nähile biabraÿlyk! = What bedroÿ ugly beterleÿärdi = The wind a shame! begenç joy got worse biagyry careless, carefree begendirmek to gladden betgel?ik ugly bialaç willy-nilly, begeÿik gusset betlik badness, mischief involuntarily: Biz bialaç begres coat betnebis greedy razyla?dyk = We agreed bejergi 1. treatment 2. betnebislik greed against our will design, pattern betniet malevolent, plotting biçak very, extremely : bejermek to treat, repair betnysan ugly Sizde biçak uly pi?ik bar = bekemek to harden, beton r. concrete You have an extremely big strengthen betpäl malevolent, plotting cat beklemek to block, seal off beÿan etmek to describe, biçim cut, fashion bela disaster retell, relate biçimçi tailor belent big, tall, majestic beÿan tale biçmek to cut, tailor belentlik height beÿanama tale biderek 1. useless, belet acquainted beÿemçi manager worthless 2. dangerous beletçilik acquaintance beÿemçilik etmek to bidin without permission belgi sign manage bidüzgün undisciplined belgilemek to signify, make beÿgelmek to grow taller biedep discourteous or place a sign beÿhu? unconscious biedeplik discourtesy belka squirrel beÿi quince bigaÿrat incapable belke a noodle dish beÿik great, grand bigünä innocent belki apparent beÿikli-pesli high and low, bigünälik innocence bellenme nomination one and all bihabar misinformed bellenmek to nominate, beÿiklik height bihepbe a do-nothing, make known beÿle 1. so, such : Beÿle lazybones belli well-known zady nireden aldyñ? = bijaÿ 1. uncomfortable bellik sign Where did you get such a bije lot, fate, fortune : Bijeli bent dam, dyke thing? 2. that side oglan aglamaz ˜ Accept bentlemek to dam up beÿleki the other, a your fate benzin r. gasoline different bikanun lawless berbat destroyed, beÿläk there : Ol beÿläk bikär idle destruction gitdi = He went there bil waist berç tumor beÿni brain bilagyry rheumatism berçikmek to satiate bezeg decoration bilbag belt berçin rivet bezemek to decorate bilbil nightingale berekella clever, "way-to- bezemen well-dressed bildiri? announcement go" bezmek same as bezikmek bildirmek to make known, bereket abundance bezzat little rascal to report upon bereketli abundant bä golly, wow bile together berentak some bäbek baby bilek fore-arm bergi debt bägül rose bilele?ik association bergidar debtor bähbit advantage, gain, bilelikde together berhizli on a diet profit bilen with : Çaÿy gant berjaÿ fulfilment : Men bälçik merry bilen iç! = Drink the tea buÿrugy berjaÿ etdim = I bälçiremek to make merry with sugar! fulfilled the order bälçire?mek to joke around bilesigeliji curious, prying berk firm, strong bäri 1. here 2. since, this bilesigelijilik curiousity berkitme reinforced, side of bilet r. ticket reinforcement bärik here : Bärik geliñ = bilezik bracelet berkitmek to fortify Come here bilge?leÿin on purpose berklik firmness, strength bäsde? rival bilgu?ak sash, girdle, belt Turkmen/English Dictionary 6 bilim education, knowledge birmeñze? identical bolmak, often used with bilimli educated, birnäçe some animals : Bol! = Stay! knowledgeable birsydyrgyn consecutive, bolelenlik sufficient bilmek to know, to be able : uniformly distributed bolgusyz meaningless, Men ÿüzüp bilmeÿärin = I birsyhly continuous : absurd, ridiculous can't swim Çagajyk birsyhly aglardy bolmak to be, happen bilmezden unknown = The kid was crying bolmasa if not, or else : bilmezlik unknowing constantly Gowy oka, bolmasa bimamla wrong : Sen birtaraplaÿyn one-sided instituta girip bilmersiñ = bimamla = You're wrong. birwagt a long time ago, Study well, or else you bimaza sleepless once won't enter the institute. bina building birÿyllyk adj. one-year boluçlyk abundant binamys shameless bisarpa thriftless, bolu? 1. behaviour 2. bintlemek to screw in uneconomical victory binÿät? eternally joined (?) bi?-du? meal bolÿar okay, good biografiÿa r. biography bi?irmek to cook, prepare a bomba r. bomb biologiÿa r. biology dish : meniñ ejem çörek bombalamak to bomb biparh indifferent, careless bi?irdi = my mother made boran snowstorm biperwaÿ indifferent bread (çörek) borç duty biperwaÿlyk indifference bi?mek to be cooked borçlanmak to take a duty bir bar eken, bir ÿok bitarap neutral upon oneself eken traditional story bitaraplyk neutrality borona r. harrow (in a opening, like our "Once bitaÿ pairless, odd: bitaÿ field) upon a time... "(lit. One jorap = odd sock bor? r. borscht (soup) says it was, one says it bitewi sole bort r. beehive wasn't) bitin whole, entire bosaga threshold : bir menzes identical bitirmek to fill up bosagadan ätlemek = to bir one, a bitmek to become full, to cross a threshold biraz a little be fulfilled: Onuñ islegi bosmak to flee birazajyk a little bit bitdi = His desires were bo? free, empty, unused birbada from the beginning fulfilled bo?atmak to empty, unload birçak long ago biwagt at the wrong time bo?luk emptiness birden suddenly biwepa faithless, untrue botanika r. botanical birdenka all of a sudden biwepalyk faithlessness botlamak to birth, to calve birehim heartless, biygtyÿar involuntary boÿ height worthless biynjalyk uneasy boÿag paint birek-biregi each other biz 1. we 2. awl boÿamak to paint birhili 1. strange, bizar bolmak to get sick of, boÿdan-ba?a from start to somewhat 2. grow tired of: Siziñ finish monotonous, boring gürrüñleriñizden men boÿda? 1. girlfriend 2. biri one of : kitabyñ biri = bezigipdirin = I've grown person of the same height one of the books tired of your talk boÿun almak to admit, birigün day after tomorrow blank r. form confess birikmek to unite bloknot r. notepad boÿun neck birin-birin from start to bogaldak mast boÿunça on, along, finish bogaz 1. inlet 2. throat according to : Plan birinji first bogmak to tie, bind boÿunça i?ledik = We biriñilik priority bognamak to saw: Agajy worked according to the birkemsiz irreproachable bognadym = I sawed plan birle?dirmek to unite wood boz fallow, untilled : boz birle?en united bogulmak to suffocate erler = virgin lands birle?ik union bogun syllable bozgak trouble-maker birle?mek to be united : bok feces bozgaklyk trouble, sedition Ähli ÿurtlaryñ proletary boks r. boxing bozguç eraser birle?iñ! = Workers of the boksçy boxer bozmak 1. to erase 2. to world, unite! bokyrdak throat ruin birlik 1. unit 2. oneness 3. bol 1. full of, rich with : By bozulan out of tune, out of only derÿada balyk bol = This whack birlikde together, as one river is full of fish 2. bozylmak to be ruined birmahal a long time ago Command form of bökdemek to obstruct Turkmen/English Dictionary 7 bökdenç obstruction burawlamak to drill, bore bökmek to bounce, jump burç 1. angle, corner 2. bölek part pepper bölek-bölek to pieces : burjy frost Ç Kagyzy bölek-bölek burmak to twist, whirl etdim = I tore the paper to burugçy a puff pieces burugsamak to puff, swirl, çabga downpour bölekleyin partial curl (of smoke) çadyr tent bölmek to divide, to part burun nose çaga 1. child 2. children's bölüm section bu?lamak to bring good çaga-çuga children, kids bölü?mek to get done tidings : Ol meniñ çagalar bagy kindergarden börek pilmeni oglumyñ bolanyny çagaly with children böri wolf, wolfish bu?lady = He brought me çagalyk 1. childhood 2. börük skull cap the news of my son's birth childness böwet dam but hip, thigh çagarmak to call, invite böwrek kidney buterbrod r. sandwich çagary? invitation böw?eñ spacious buthana church çagsamak 1. to be böwür side, flank : Meniñ butnamak to move : destroyed 2. to be old sag böwrüm agyrÿar = Butnaman dur! = Stand çagsyldamak to rustle My right side hurts still! çagyl gravel böwürslen blackberry buÿrak curl, curly = buÿrak çagyrmak 1. to invite 2. to böwüsmek to penetrate, saçly ÿigit = curly-haired call 3. to summon break through lad çak 1. measure, degree, bu this buÿruk command way 2. offer, proposal, bug steam buÿsanç pride suggestion 3. time 4. bugarmak to evaporate buÿsanjan proud probability, likelihood bugdaÿ renk dark in buÿsanmak to be proud çak etmek to guess complexion buÿurmak to order, çakdana?a excessive bugdaÿ wheat command çakgan dextrous, adroit, bugdaÿ wheat buz ice deft buhgalter r. bookkeeper büdremek to stumble on : çakganlyk adroitness, dexterity bukdaklamak to creep, to Da?a büdredim = I tripped sneak on a stone çakgy pen-knife bukja bag, envelope bükdürmek to pound, twist çaklamak to suppose, assume bukmak to conceal, hide bükgüldemek to throb, çakmak 1. to sting or bite away : Ol otlyçöpi pound 2. to chirp çagalardan bukÿar = She bükmek to bend çakny?mak 1. to strike, hides the matches from the bükülmek to be bent, to knock 2. to collide, run kids bend (oneself) into bukullym hide and seek büre 1. flea 2. fleabite çakny?yk collision, crash (game) büremek to cloud, obscure çaksyz immeasurable, buky shelter, cover bürgüt eagle immense bulak spring, tap bürje?mek to be wrinkled çakylyk invitation bulam-bujar confusion bürkür hunched çakyr alcohol bulamak to mix, stir bürmek to wrinkle çaky?mak to collide, run bulanmak 1. to be mixed, bürünç 1. bronze 2. rice into, come across stirred 2. to feel nauseous, bütin whole, throughout çakyza sick; having a vomitous bütindünÿa universal headache bula?dyrmak to mix up bütinleÿ completely çal I. camel's milk II. gray, bula?mak 1. to get dirty 2. büzmek to tighten, pull dull in color to get tangled and together çala 1. hardly, scarcely; confused büzülmek to be tightened only a little 2. incidentally, bula?yk entangled bÿujet r. budget in passing 3. slowly bulaÿlamak to wave, bÿuro r. bureau çalaja a little brandish byçgy saw çalajan half-dead buldozer r. bulldozer byçgylmak to saw çalam-ça? scattered buldurçyn frost bykyn side çalarmak to turn gray bulgur wine-glass byzmyk pancake, crepe çalasowat uneducated, bulukmak to increase ignorant bulut cloud çalasowatlyk ignorance Turkmen/English Dictionary 8

çalasyn quick, agile çaramak : ba?yñy çaÿmak to cover, coat çalasynlyk quickness, çaramak to inquire, çaÿ?armak to bend, to agility consult distort çalgy machete çarh 1. spinning wheel 2. çaÿ?yk bandy-legged çalgyrt with an accent wheel çaÿyr bot. chayir çalmak 1. to smear, rub, çarkandak hole çebis kid spread 2. to play a çarlak sea gull çeb?ek little bunny musical instrument 3. to çarpaÿa galmak to stand çek check : çek boÿunça grind; sharpen 4. to strike, on end tölemek = to pay by check knock, hit çarpmak to clap çekankalamak to mint, çalpaw puddle, pool çarpy?yk : el coin, chase çal?yk exchange, çarpy?yk applause çekdirme chekdirme, a interchange çarsenbe Wednesday traditional Turkmen meat çal?yrgyç shift (of work) çar?ak 1. pitchfork 2. fork dish çal?yrmak 1. to exchange; çar?enbe Wednesday çekelemek 1. to torment, barter 2. to confuse, mix- çarwa nomad torture 2. to pester up çarwadçylyk transcience çekele?ik discussion, çal?yrynmak to change (the state of being a dispute, controversy one's clothes nomad) çekele?mek to dispute, çasly loud, great argue, quarrel çalt quickly, rapidly çaslyk bandy-legged çeker sliding box, drawer çaltlandyrmak to çasowoÿ r. by the hour, by çekge cheek-bone accelerate; speed the clock çekiç hammer çaltlyk quickness, çasy slanting, oblique; çekilmek 1. to step back, swiftness, rapidity squinty-eyed fall back, retreat 2. to çalykmak to dry up, wither çasyrmak 1. to pitch a tent, reduce diminish, grow less çalym etmek to resemble spread out, set up 2. to 3. to grow lean çaly?ma 1. exchange 2. knock down, overthrow 3. çekimiz agreeable, pronoun to knock unconscious harmonious çaly?mak 1. to exchange; ça?mak 1. to disperse, çekimli public barter 2. to vary, alternate break up 2. to come apart, çekimli ses vowel 3. to try for, strive for 4. to fall to pieces 3. to lose, çekimsiz ses consonant be replaced, relieved waste 4. to be lost, wasted çekinmede feel free to... çaman lazy, idle, sluggish çat split, crack, crevice çekinmek 1. to feel shy, çanak 1. cup 2. kneecap çatak difficult embarrassed 2. to be çanaklyk pelvis çatalba anat. sacrum afraid çañ dust çatlamak to burst, crack çekirtge locust çañamak to get dusty up, split open çekis hammer çañjarmak to get dusty çatma hut, tent çekisme discussion, debate çaññalak to become dusty çatmak 1. to sew, çeki?me etmek to debate çap etme publication embroider 2. to tie çeki?meler debate çap etmek to publish together, connect, bind 3. çekize chekize: a common çap seal, stamp to snatch, grasp, seize milk product resembling çapady chapati çatryk crossroads cream cheese, but more çapak I. cotton II. çatynja = täze sour çapçy printer çatynja newlyweds çekmek I. 1. to pull, draw, çapgy chopper, small çawmak to ricochet tow 2. to carry, drag, pull hammer çaÿ I. tea II. small river, 3. to last : Examinler bir çapgyn sharp, biting, creek aÿa çekdi = The exam piercing çaÿ-çörek meal took one month 4. to lead, çaphana printing plant çaÿhana tea-house conduct 5. to drag in, çapmak I. 1. to skip, hop, çaÿkamak 1. to rinse out involve 6. gallop, race 2. to run 2. to rinse, gargle 3. to 7. to smoke 8. to get around, avoid II. to chop rock, swing, shake procure 9. to be like, çapyk 1. fallen tree 2. scar çaÿkamak to rinse resemble 10. to carry, çapyksuwar equestrian çaÿkanmak to stagger, bear, bring 11. to draw a çapy?mak to compete with; lurch picture, make a design II. strive to overpass çaÿke? tea-lover to hang up; weigh çapy?yk race çaÿlamak to water, give çekremek to bleat drink çelek cask, tun çelgi landmark Turkmen/English Dictionary 9

çelpek r. çetin difficult çiñrik reed, cane : ?eker çem successful moment, çetle?dirmek to isolate, to çiñrik = sugar cane good event insulate çirkeÿ mosquito; moth çemçe spoon çetle?mek to be isolated, çirkin shrill, penetrating, çeme convenient situation? insulated piercing çemedan r. suitcase çeÿe flexible, pliable çirkizmek to roast; fry çemelenmek to prepare, çeÿelik flexibility çirtmek 1. to pinch, to train çeÿnemek 1. to chew 2. to tweak 2. to cut, incise çemele?mek to approach, bite çisme inflammation go up to, arrive, come çäç agri. yield (of grain) çismek 1. to inflate, swell çemeli 1. convenient, çäge sand 2. to inflate, puff out comfortable 2. exemplary, çägesöw ÿer a place with çisñemek to drizzle approximate 3. apparently, sandy soil çisñi drizzle, frost evidently çäk 1. border 2. a definite çi? I. swelling, tumor II. 1. çemen 1. banquet wreath part spit 2. 2. meadow çäklendirmek to organize çi?ik thick, large, big, stout, çemesiz inconvenient, çäklenmek to be organized, fat uncomfortable arranged, outlined çi?irmek to inflate, to swell çempion r. champion çäksiz boundless, limitless çi?lik shish-kebob çempionat r. çäkÿaka collor of a boy's çi?me inflammation championship traditional Turkmen shirt çi?mek to become inflamed çen 1. situation 2. time 3. çäre punishment çit 1. chinze, cotton 2. measure, degree, way çäresiz forced, of necessity adj. cotton çendan sometimes, çärÿek quarter çitgitlemek to crack; chew occasionally, here and çä?ermek to lie, be still nuts, seeds there çäÿnek teapot çitim connection, knot çendana?a excessive çäÿnik teapot çitmek to tie together, çenemek 1. to take aim at çig 1. damp, moist 2. bend, connect 2. to threaten unripe, immature 3. crude, çlen r. member, limb, çenemek to chew raw : çig mal = natural article, part çenlemek to suppose, resources çlenlik r, membership assume, plan çigildem tulip çog heat, sultriness çenli until çigilmek to get tied up in çogdan tuft, shred, rag çensiz immeasurable, knots çogmak to flow, pour, immense çigin I. shoulder, back II. spread çeññek hook, crochet lot, destiny çokalamak to peck needle çigit sunflower seed : çigit çokaÿ chokai, Turkmen çep left, left side ÿag = sunflower oil leather shoes çepbekeÿ southpaw, left- çigmal raw materials çokmak to peck, pick, bite handed person çigmek 1. to get tied up, çola 1. secluded 2. çeper 1. skilled, skillful 2. stuck in a knot 2. to get unpopulated artful 3. eloquent entangled, confused, çolak cripple çeper eser fiction perplexed çolamak 1. to wrap up drop çeperçilik mastery, art çigrek rime, mist in 2. to wrap up çeperlik mastery çigreklemek to catch a çolarmak to become çepiksi scrawny, skin-and- cold empty, deserted bones çigremek 1. to become çola?mak 1. to get çerkes r. Circassian chilly 2. to become warm confused, mixed up 2. to (ethnicity) çikge corner of the eye become entangled çermek çil border çolpy ladle çermemek to turn up, tuck çilik "chilik", a children's çoluk shepherd boy up game çommalmak to squat, çernil r. purple çilim cigarette curtsy çertÿor r. draft, mechanical çilimke? smoker çommaltmak 1. to protrude drawing çili?irmek to cross one's 2. to poke, jab, thrust çe?me 1. key 2. spring, legs çonak lacking one or more source çintgemek to inquire, to toes or fingers çe?me source ask çopan shepherd çet I. 1. border, edge, çiñe steadfast çopançilik shepherdhood boundary 2. fringe II. çiñerilmek to stare çopantelpek camomille foreign Turkmen/English Dictionary 10

çor dirt, mud çukur I. hole, pit, dungeon çüÿremek to rot çorba soup II. 1. deep, profound, low çüÿrük rotten, putrid çorlamak to get dirty 2. hollow, sunken çüÿrüklik rottenness çotga r. brush çukuralmak 1. to extend, çüÿrüntgi humus çotgalamak r. 1. to clean make more profuse, make çüÿ?e 1. glass, pane 2. 2. to brush, to brush off deeper 2. to sink, to grow bottle çowdary rye hollow çyban boil, furnucle çowlamak I. to sharpen II. çukurlyk hole, pit çyb?yldy rustle (noise) to burn, scorch, singe çuñ deep çyb?yrlamak to rustle (to çowluk great-grandson çuñalmak to make deeper, make a rustling noise) çoÿmak to warm up, heat to become more profound, çybyk rod, switch çoÿun r. cast iron, made extensive çybyklamak 1. to cut up, of cast iron çuñaltmak to deepen chop, cleave 2. to whip, çoÿunmak to heat çuñla?mak to deepen flog çozmak 1. to advance 2. to gradually çybyn mosquito dash, rush çuñluk depth, remoteness çydam patience çöke dü?mek to sit on the çuññur profound çydamak 1. to suffer, knees, to kneel çuñsamak to shriek, yelp endure, withstand 2. to çökermek to kneel çus swift-footed tolerate, to bear 3. to çöket low, lower çuw adjectival intesifier : snatch, grab, seize çöketlik lowlands, hollow ÿumagy gö?lemek = çydamly 1. tolerant; çökmek 1. to sink, fall, çuwal chuwal, Turkmen bearable 2. solid, firm, come down, go down 2. to sack lasting subside, settle 3. to bend çuwa? r. Chugach çydamlylyk 1. tolerance 2. one's knees 4. to sit down, (nationality) durability board, get into çülpe small, tiny çydamsyz 1. impatient 2. çökündi 1. sediment, çümdürmek 1. to put intolerant aftertaste 2. deposit inside, to stick into 2. to çyg moisture (geological) immerse, sink into, plunge çygjarmak to wet or çöl desert çümhörek legible, dampen slightly çöp 1. stick 2. discernible, fastidious çygly moist, raw, wet, çöpboÿa bot. chopboia çümhöreklik legibility, humid, damp çöpleme 1. (burning) chip, scrupulousness çyglyk moistness, humidity, spill 2. brushwood çümmek 1. to thrust, to dampness çöplemek to pick up plunge, to transfix 2. to be çyg?yldamak to rustle (to çöplemek to pick up, absorbed in, lost in make a rustling noise) gather, collect çümmük pinch çyg?yldy rustle (noise) çöpür goat wool çümmüklemek to pinch, to çygylmak to grieve, long for çör low tweak çygyrmak to cry out, bawl, çörlek bread (also "food" in çüm?üldi a tickle, a strange lament, wail general) feeling on the skin çykalga exit çö?lemek used in ÿumagy çümürmek to soak çykan cousin gö?lemek çünki because, therefore çykarmak 1. to take out, çöwre back, inside, wrong çüñk 1. corner, angle, nook pull at 2. to take off, strip, side 2. beak, bill undress 3. to let out, çöwrülmek 1. to turn inside çüpremek to degenerate release 4. to dismiss, out 2. to turn over, çür depesi 1. top, crest 2. discard 5. to publish, edit, overturn the highest ranks put out 6. to manufacture, çöz anat. mesentery çürelmek to taper produce 7. to get, obtain, çözgüt decision, resolution çüri conical, crested procure 8. to display, çözlemek to untangle çürt-kesik bluntly; expose 9. to dislocate, çözmek 1. to untie, categorically sprain 10. to remove, unleash, loosen 2. to çürü?mek to wither, shrivel, transfer solve, decide, resolve shrink çykdajy expenditure, debt çözülmek 1. to come untied çüwde butt çykdaÿjy expense 2. to be resolved çüwdürmek to stream, çykgynsyz 1. continual 2. çözü? solution flow, run desperate, hopeless çugutmak to roll up, curl up çüwek to drive, transport, çykmak 1. to exit, to leave çukanak hole pull 2. to go, set off 3. to climb çüÿ nail up, into 4. to utter, emit 5. çüÿlemek to nail to result in 6. to turn out, Turkmen/English Dictionary 11

be found 7. to meet 8. to çytmak to knit the browns, leave, withdraw, drop out to frown, to wrinkle 9. to originate, eminate çytyk 1. gloomy, sullen, D 10. to dislocate, sprain : cloudy (personal) 2. gap?y çykmak = to oppose gloomy, dark (weather) : ÿatdan çykmak = to çyzgmak to turn up, to tuck daban sole (of foot) forget up dabara celebration, çykyrynmak to take off, to çyzgy 1. drawing 2. ceremony strip drawing, draft, note dabaralanmak to celebrate, çyky? etmek to perform, çyzgyç ruler (for geometry) observe a ceremony make a speech çyzmak to draw, design dabaraly ceremonial çyky? speech, presentation çyzmyk stripe dadyrmak to taste çykyw address çyzyk line, trait, feature dag mountain çylgym strip, streak dagatmat to scatter çylka fillet daglamak 1. to grill 2. to çylpyk pus brand çylpyklamak to fester dagly mountain-dweller çyl?yrymla?dyrmak to be dagy else, what else : Dagy complicated zat tapmadyñmy? = Didn't çyl?yrymla?mak to become you find anything else? complicated dagy-duwara from now on, çyl?yrymly complex, henceforward complicated dagynyk uncoordinated, çym : Çym-çym etme! = odd Don't be shy! (used when dahylly important, relevant someone is eating little) : Bu saña dahylly däl = çyn true This doesn't concern you çyn ÿürekden sincerely dakmak to put on : Ol çynar plane tree barmagyña ÿüzük dakdy çynlakaÿ in earnest, = She put the ring on her seriously finger çynÿürekde?lik sincerity dakynmak to wear çyp noise from eating? dalak med. spleen çypar red, sorrel dalan veranda, porch çypdyrma lie, falsehood dalbar summer-house çyplak lightly dressed, with dalçyn carnation light baggage dalda help, aid çyplañ lightly dressed, with daljykmak to pant, be out light baggage of breath çyra lamp damak throat çyrçyk sickness damar vein, artery, nerve : çyrçyklamak to fall ill gan damar = blood vessel çyrlamak to wind around, damdyk small drop (i.e. of embrace with water) çyrmamak to wrap up damja drop çyrma?mak to plait, braid damjalamak to drip çyrma?yk ivy dammak to drip : Dama- çyrpmak I. to mint, coin II. dama köl bolar, hiç to rinse, gargle dammasa - çöp bolar ˜ çyrpynmak 1. to wind, Drop by drop makes a wiggle, twist, meander 2. lake, but not a drop makes to roar, rage, storm a desert çyrryldamak to whistle daniÿaly Danish çyrryldyy a whistle danmak to tie, fasten çyr?ak dirt, mud dañ atmak to dawn çyr?amak 1. to smear, to dañ dawn rub in, to spread dañdan at dawn çytala?mak to try, to dañdanky adj. early- endeavor, to strive morning Turkmen/English Dictionary 12 dañmak 1. to tie 2. to wrap degirmen mill : degirmen deñeç until : Biz giç around da?y = millstone ag?ama deñeç oturdyk = dañy tether, tie degi?gen joker We sat until late in the dar narrow degi?li bolmak to belong evening darak comb degi?li concerning, in deñemek 1. to check daraklyk toes relation to (against, with) 2. to try on daralmak to shrink degi?mek to joke deñe?dirmek to check daramak to comb degmek 1. to touch 2. to (against, with) dartgynly tense, intense bump against 3. fig. to deñiz ocean, sea dartmak to tug affect, bother, play with : deñizçi sailor dary millet Gowusy, sen maña deñlemek to make even, to darykmak to worry degme! = You'd better not even out da? I. far II. 1. exterior 2. mess with me! deñlik equality yard, outside area 3. cover dek I. still, unmoving II. deñsizlik inequality (i.e. of a book) III. [a:] like, as : Bu burç dek ajy depder notebook stone = This is hot as a pepper depderçe little book da?-töwerek vicinity, dekabr r, December depe 1. top 2. hill, knoll 3. surroundings dekada r, decade can be used as a da?amak to carry dekan r, dean preposition : Depämizden da?ary 1. outside 2. dekrek r, decree samolÿot uçup geçdi = A external del unusual, strange plane flew by above us da?ary ÿurt dili foreign delegat r, delegate depelemek to trample language delegatsiÿa r, delegation depgilemek to trample da?de?en woodpecker delil evidence, case depgip pace da?gyn above, beyond delillendirmek to present depjemek to stitch da?ky outside, outer evidence, make a case depmek to kick da?lamak to stone, throw dellek barber deprek drum stones at dellekhana barber shop deprenmek to get a kick da?la?dyrmak to remove, dem almak to breathe out of, be taken with extract dem breath, vapor : deputat r. deputy da?ly stony, rocky demiñizi goÿberiñ! = der sweat da?lykdaky remote Please exhale! dere valley da?mak to overflow dem-dynç a break, a rest deregine instead of : Ol öz da?yndan besides, in demgysma asthma kitabyñ derigine da?ga addition to demikmek to gasp, breath biriniñ kitabyny aldy = He dat-bidat! help! heavily took a different book datmak to taste demir iron : demir ÿol = instead of his own davaÿ r. "Come on! Let's!" railroad dereje degree, extent dawa conflict, argument demirgazyk north derek I. information II. in dawala?mak to argue demirgazyk- place of III. bot. poplar dawaly argumentative günbatar northwest derekli informative daÿamak to prop up demirgazyk- dereksiz 1. uninformative daÿanç support gündogar northeast 2. unmotivated daÿaw strong, healthy demlemek to boil (water for deri skin, leather daÿhan peasant (often tea) : Çaÿ demleÿärin = derkar necessary used to replacethe Russian I'm making tea derlemek to sweat "kolhoznik" , meaning demokratik r. democratic derman medicine "collective farmer") demokratsiÿa r. dermanhana drugstore daÿy uncle democracy dermanlamak to spinkle, daÿza 1. aunt 2. ma'am demrew herpes (includes all spray dazarylmak to come down herpes family diseases, derñew examination, hard on someone, get such as psoriasis, shingles, analysis tough with and ringworm) derñewçi examiner dazlamak to rush, speed deñ the same, equal : derrew at once, right now : along Boÿlary deñ agaçlar = Muny derrew etmeli = debsilmek to spur The trees are the same This needs to be done at degerli 1. persuasive, height once convincing 2. efficacious deñdu? person of the same ders I. lesson II. manure degirmek to concern, affect age, peer dert ill deñe-deñ the same Turkmen/English Dictionary 13 derwaÿys vital, urgent, dille?mek to make said; to doglan güni birthday important come to the point doglu? birth derweze gate dilmek to cut; slice dogmak to rise (of the sun) derÿa river din religion dogralmak to be desga structure dindar religious; faithful straightened up desse bunch, clump : gül dini religious dograltmak to straighten desseçi = a bouquet of diñ emphatic preposition: up flowers Ol diñ arkan ÿykyldy = He dograma dograma, a dish dessine just as, as soon as fell flat (directly) on his made of stuffing, onions, dessur tradition, custom back and sheep's head , de?ik 1. hole 2. full of holes diñ salmak to overhear; to sometimes made into soup : de?ik halta = sack with hear about dogramak to cut to pieces many holes 3. gap diñe only dogruçyl honest, sincere de?irmek to check against, diñir genmek to ponder, dogruçyllyk sincerity with meditate on dogruda concerning de?mek to make a hole, diñlemek to listen dogrudan true, really puncture diñleÿji listener; audience dogrulamak to direct, aim däde uncle, father (Balkan diñleÿmek 1. to listen 2. to at dialect) overhear dogrusy in truth, truly däl not diñmek to become calm; dogry 1. true 2. exact 3. däli crazy: däli bolmak = grow quiet; cease straight 4. righteous, to go crazy diñ?irgemek to listen to upright däliremek to go crazy diplom r. diploma dogulmak to be born däne 1. seed, pit; grain, diplomatic r. diplomatic dogumly determined kernel 2. bunch, group direg strut, brace, prop dogurmak to give birth dänmek 1. to deny 2. to direktor r. director dok full, satisfied retract (ie. one's words) direlmek to come to life dokalmak to be woven däp tradition diremek to prop up; brace dokamak to weave däp-dessur tradition direnmek to be propped up; dokçulyk prosperity dialekt r. dialect c=braced doklad r. report didar face: Men seniñ diri alive dokluk satisfaction didaryña zar ˜ I miss you dirijÿor r. conductor (of a dokma weaving, carpet- didivan gun-sight, gun- band or orchestra) making : dokma fabrigi = scope diriligene alive carpet factory digden eklemek to tremble dirili? resurrection doktor r. doctor digir grain dispanser r. clinic dokument r. document diglemek to shudder dispetçer r. dispatcher dokuz nine dik steep; perpendicular dissertatsiÿa r. dokuzynjy ninth dikdü?di obstinate dissertation doky Belugian dikelmek 1. to straighten di? tooth : Di? agyrysy = dolag wrapper oneself; raise oneself toothache dolak leg-wrappings dikeltmek 1. to straighten, di?lemek 1. to bite 2. to dolama ground meat to set straight have a bite, eat a little wrapped in cabbage dikmek to dig in diversiÿa r. sabotage dolamak 1. to wrap, bind diktant r. dictation divisiÿa r. division 2. to turn, double back diktatura r. dictatorship (military) dolandyrmak to manage, diktor r. radio-announcer diwar wall control dil 1. toungue 2. language diÿen ÿaly almost dolandyrys management 3. pointer, indicator (ie. on diÿmek 1. to say: Muña dolanmak to come back a gauge) näme diÿÿärler? = What's doldurgyç gram. object : dilden orally this called? 2. to mean, to göni baglanÿan dildüw?ük plot, conspiracy signify; to imply doldurgyç = direct object : dileg prayer dizel r. diesel gytaklaÿyn baglanÿan dilemek 1. to ask 2. to dodak lip doldurgyç = indirect object wish 3. to pray doga from birth doldurmak to fill dilewar 1. witty 2. wit doga okamak to pray dolmak to be filled dilik etmek to slit dogan brother doly I. hail II. [o:] full(y), dilik n. slit; slice; cut dogan-garynda? relative filled; thick; complete dilim slice; segment doganlyk brotherhood domma quiet, reserved dillenmek to say something doganoglan cousin Turkmen/English Dictionary 14 don robe (traditional döretmek to create as a modal verb to Turkmen) döretmek to start, create, express a state of being or doñ frozen found continual action: Ol gülüp doñaklyk freeze, frost dörjemek to dig into durÿar = She's smiling, doñan rigid, frozen dörmek to search, dig she's been smiling doñdurma ice-cream around for durmu? life, existence doñdurmak to freeze dört four durmu?a çykan married (of doñmak to be frozen dörtlük a four, a "B" student a girl) doñuz pig dörü?dirmek to turn over durmu?a çykmak to marry dor bay (color of a horse) dös pile, heap (of a girl) dos used in superlatives: dö? breast durna crane (bird) dos-doly = completely full döw I. set, match II. giant; durnukly solid, stable dost friend, friendly (male demon durnuklylyk stability or neuter) döwek threshing : döwek dur?una entirely dost-ÿar friends döwmek = to thresh duruzmak to make a stop, dostla?mak to become döwlet 1. government 2. to stop friends richness, goodness dury pure dostluk friendship döwmek to break du? bolmak to be faced with dotsent r. doccent döwründe during something dowam etmek to continue döwük broken du? gelmek to meet, come dowamynda during döwülgiç fragile to dowan length, course (of döwülmek to break du? I. [u:] close to : Ol time) döwüm piece, lump, portion du?una bardy = He went dowanly lengthy döwür 1. epoch 2. period, closer II. r. shower dowar livestock time du?ak fetters (specifically: sheeps, döwürde? contemporary du?enbe Monday goats, and small cattle) (said of a person) du?ly closely dowul panic döwürleÿin periodic du?mak to meet, encounter dowzah hell dözmek to be uncaring du?man enemy doÿa until satisfied : Men dözümli hardy, staunch du?mançylyk animosity doÿa iÿdim = I ate until I dözümsiz sympathetic, du?u?mak to meet, was full compassionate encounter doÿmak to eat one's fill, drama r. drama du?u?yk meeting, encounter stuff oneself: Men duçar bolmak to be faced dutar dutar, a traditional doÿdym = I'm full, I've with Turkmen instrument which stuffed myself duk mixed up is two-stringed, looks doÿurmak to fill (an animal) dul 1. place of respect 2. somewhat like a mandolin with food widower and has a twangy sound dökmek 1. to spill 2. to dul aÿal widow duw superlative affiz: duw- leak duldeg?ir near, neighborly : ak = the whitest, dökülmek 1. to be poured duldeg?ir bolup ÿa?amak completely white out 2. to drop : Agaçlaryñ = to be a neighbor to, live duÿdansyz sudden, ÿapaklary dökülÿär = near reflexive Leaves fall from the trees duluk cheek duÿdurmak 1. to warn 2. dökün manure, nightsoil duman fog, mist, haze to portend 3. to inform dökünlemek to fertilize dumanlamak to grow foggy duÿdury? warning dömmek to tear off a piece dumanly foggy, misty : duÿguda? sympathetic döndermek to flip over dumanly daglar = misty duÿguda?lyk sympathy dönmek 1. to be flipped mountains duÿgur impressionable, over 2. to switch over, turn dura-bara gradually, perceptive, sensual : Bu gün howa gy?a döndi continually duÿgy sense, feeling = Today the weather duralga stop (as in bus or duÿmak to feel turned wintry taxi stop) duz salt dönük traitor, turn-coat durdugyça gradually, duzak snare dönüklik treachery continually duzlamak to salt dördünji fourth durlamak to clear, make duzly salty : duzsuz bolsa dörediji creator still atarsyñ, duzly bolsa döredijilik creation durmak 1. to stand, be still nädersiñ! = If it's not salty, döremek to arise, spring up 2. to be (used to express you can add salt; if it's döretme creation cost or fixed state) 3. used Turkmen/English Dictionary 15

salty, there's nothing you dü?üm bar = The Turkmen düzmek 1. to string, to can do! language has six cases thread 2. to gather 3. to dükan shop, store; stall dü?ündiri? explanation compose dükürdemek 1. to stomp dü?ündiri?li explanatory düzüji compiler, composer 2. to make an indistinct dü?ündirmek to explain düzüm composition, make- noise dü?üni?mek to understand up dükürdetmek to stomp each other düzüwli composed, orderly, düme dry-farming dü?ünje 1. notion 2. well dümew 1. virus, common explanation dwigatel r. engine, motor cold 2. flu dü?ünjeli knowledgable dÿadÿa r. uncle dümewlemek to have a dü?ünmek I. to understand dyglamak to shudder cold II. to swim dykgat attention dünderilmek to turn dü?ürmek to help off, to set dykmak to stuff; to jam in upside-down, flip-flop down dykny?mak to be pushed in dündermek to turn over, düwme jangles, little bells dykny?yk jam; crush; flip düwmek to knot crowding dünÿewi secular, worldly düwülmek to be knotted dyky cork; stopper dünÿä inmek to be born düwünçek little knot dykylmak 1. to put in 2. fig. dünÿä world, globe düwünmek to choke on to nose around in, to butt dünÿäden ötmek to die düwürtik pimple, blackhead into düññürdemek to jingle düÿbünden absolutely dykyz packed, dense dür pearl düÿe camel dykyzlanmak to get packed dürbi binoculars düÿegu? ostrich dym superlative affiz dürli diverse, different düÿn yesterday dymjykmak to spoil, go bad dürli-dürli different, various düÿnki yesterday's dymmak to be quiet, to dürs correct düÿp 1. bottom 2. base 3. shut up dürs jogap bermek to root 4. bush 5. essence dym?yk silence answer correctly düÿpgöter forever, once dymyk humid dürsemek used in the and for all dynç 1. rest; relaxation 2. construction: özüñi düÿpleÿin forever, once peace; stillness dürsemek = to get well and for all dynç almak to take a rest, dürtgüç stamp for bread düÿpli essential, vacation dürtme gürsak blunt fundamental dyndarmak to get out of; to dürtmek to poke, prod düÿrlemek to roll up escape dü?bi clever düÿ? dream dyngy pause dü?bülik cleverness düÿ? görmek to have a dyngysyz without a break, dü?ek 1. bed, bedding 2. dream non-stop cushion, mattress düÿ?ürgemek to dream dynmak 1. to finish 2. to dü?ekçe mattress düÿt soot get out of dü?elge stopping place, düz etmek to repair, mend dynman without a break, camp düz I. 1. plains, flatlands non-stop dü?emek 1. to spread out 2. flat, smooth II. 1. dyr-pytrak bolmak to be 2. to pave straight 2. right parted; separated dü?ewünt profit düzedi? ammendment dyrja?mak to try, attempt dü?ewüntli profitable düzelmek to be rectified dyrmak rake dü?lemek to make a stop düzetmek to set straight, to dyrma?mak to climb dü?mek 1. to descend, rectify dyrmyk rake dismount, come down düzgün rule, order dyrnaçak scratch; abrasion (from) 2. to fall 3. to düzgün-nyzam order, dyrnaçaklamak to scratch come into, upon 4. used discipline dyrnak 1. nail (of a finger or figuratively like the English düzgün-tertip order, toe) 2. claw "to fall": howsala dü?mek discipline dyz knee = to fall into a panic düzgünle?dirmek to set in dyzamak to be bursting, dü?nükli clear, order straining understandable düzgünnama position, dyzmaç frisky, hot to trot dü?nüksiz unclear, not ordering understandable düzlük plains, flatlands dü?üm gram. case : düzme composition, essay Türkmendilinde alty Turkmen/English Dictionary 16

ejap shame elektrik r. electrik eje mother elektrostansiÿa r. power E ejelik motherhood station ejir martyr elemek to sift ejiz feeble, weak, small element r. element ebedi eternal boned elementar r. elementary ebedile?dirmek to ejizlemek to tire; become ele?an torn, tattered immortalize enervated elgarama dependent ebedilik 1. eternity 2. ekabyr 1. senior; older; elhenç 1. terrible, frightful, eternal higher 2. powerful; mighty; dreadful 2. powerful, very ebeteÿ approach intense strong edara etmek to manage ekdi tame elim glue edara office; institution eken really (emphatic word) elin self, own edebi literary Bu nahar örän süÿji elipbiÿ alphabet edebiÿat literature eken=this food is really eljiremek 1. to mince, be edebiÿatçy man of letters tasty prim 2. t loll, lounge eden-etdilik arbitrariness; ekeni eken ellemek to handle despotism; tyrrany ekerançylyk agriculture; ellemek to touch, handle edenli business-like; expert farming elle?mek to shake hands edep breeding; politeness ekin crop elli fifty edepli well-bred, polite ekipazh r. crew ellik glove edeplilik politeness eki? sowing elmydam always edepsiz uncultured; ekiz twin elmydama always impolite eklemek to contain, hold, eltmek to deliver, hand, edepsizlik impoliteness; look for, maintain bring unculturedness eklenç means elujundan etmek to do edermen brave eklenmek to earn elÿaglyk handkerchief edermenlik valour ekleÿji breadwinner elÿeter inaccessible, out of edähet manner ekmek to plant reach edil I. as such II.exact, ekplutasiÿa r. exploitation em medicine exactly ekran r. screen emaÿ bilen with caution, edilen made of ekskawator r. excavator with care edilmek to be made of ekspedisiÿa r. expedition, emblema r. emblem edip bilmek to be able to dispatch office emdirmek to feed, nurse do eksperiment r. emedeklemek to crawl edrenç ugly experimental emeli artificial, false effekt r. effect ekspertizia r. expertise, emelsiz awkward, unskilled efiop r. Ethiopian opinion emelsizlik awkwardness egelenmek to surround eksplutatirlemek r. to emenmek to covet eger (de) if exploit emgek 1. illness, sickness egin shoulder eksponat r. exhibition 2. torment, agony, pain egin-e?ik clothes eksponirlemek r. to exhibit, emgemek to take pains, to eginba? clothing expose make an effort eginde? 1. person of same eksport r. export emgenmek to toil, work age 2. brother -in- arms eksportirlemek r. to export hard, exert oneself egirmek to spin ekzamen r. examination emjek 1. breast, bosom 2. egismek to reduce; to ekzemplÿar r. to copy, udder diminish specimen emläk property, belongings eglemek to delay; detain; el çarpmak to applaud, emma but hold up clap emmek to suck eglenmek to be delayed; el hand emzik dummy, doll detained elbetde of course enaÿy good, favorable egli?ik concession eldek tame (same as ekdi) ençeme many, a lot egmek 1. to bend; stoop; ele almak to know deeply endam body bow 2. to curve; fold elek sieve endigan uniform, equal egrelmek to be bent; folded elek-çelek gözüni elek endiganlamak to level, egri bent; crooked çelek etmek = to stare at straighten, clip egriji spinner elektrifikasiÿa r. endik habit egrilik curvature electrification endiremek to tremble, egsilmez innumerable elektrifisirlemek to electrify shake, quiver Turkmen/English Dictionary 17 ene dili mothertongue ermeni r. Armanian eÿe bolmak to own ene grandmother erñek edge, rim eÿe owner ene-atalar parents ersmek 1. to build firmly, eÿeçilik ownership enegiÿa r. energy solidly 2. to be firm, solid eÿelemek 1. to capture 2. eneke nana erteki fairy tale, story to conquer 3. to gain, enjam equipment ertir 1. morning 2. occupy, employ enjamla?dyrmak to equip, tomorrow eÿelik etmek to keep house outfit ertirlik breakfast eÿer saddle ensiklopediÿa r. ertirlik nahar breakfast eÿerlemek to saddle encyclopedia (morning meal) eÿermek 1. to follow, ensue entegem still, yet esas base, basis, 2. to be led 3. to imitate, entek still, yet, as yet foundation copy entemek 1. to wander 2. to esasan basically, with basis eÿgermek to inquire about, roam esasanlamak to be ask entäk still, yet founded on,based on eÿgilik well-being, entreklemek 1. to wander esaslsandyrmak to found prosperity, happiness 2. to roam esassyz unfounded, without eÿikmek to grow stronger entuziazm r. enthusiasm basis eÿjelik pretty eña?ak lowering, descent, esasy basic eÿle like that, as such slope esbap 1. tool, instrument eÿleki different, others, the eñek chin 2. grant, relief, dole, benefit others eñmek to rush, hurry, be eser written work, eÿlemek 1. to tan 2. to directed composition, thesis, writing knead eññit slope, pitch eserdeñ sensitive, vigilant eÿmenç older, senior eñremek to cry, weep eserdeñlik keenness eÿmenmek to fear, be eñtermek 1. to pour out 2. esetmek 1. to look at, afraid to fell 3. to fall in 4. to examine, inspect 2. to eÿwan veranda chase nurse, care for, look after eÿÿam I. already II. era epeÿ 1. respectable 2. high esger soldier ezenek lazy flown, bombastic esgerlik position, location ezilmek 1. to get wet 2. to epigraf r. epigraph esgi rag moisten 3. to be oppressed epilmek 1. to wrinkle 2. to eskalator r. escalator eziz dear curve, bend, bow eskiz r. sketch ezmek 1. to wet, moisten, epin pleat, fold, crease, esli considerable, large soak 2. to opress wrinkle essalawmaleÿkim formal ezÿet martyr epizod r. episode greeting eplemek to fold esse time (x) eplenmek to fold, bend, estafeta r. relay race curve (on one's own) estetik r. aesthetic epmek to bend, curve, fold estetika r. aesthetics era r. era estrada r. stage, platform erbet bad e?ek donkey erbetlemek to deteriorate, e?ik clothes turn for the worse e?ikler clothes erbetle?mek to deteriorate e?itmek to hear erbetlik badness e?ret well-being, prosperity eremek to melt, thaw e?retli blessed ergin solution et meat erik apricot etazh r. floor, story of erjel persistent building erjellik persistence, etek lap, skirt perseverance etli of meat, meaty erk free etli-ganly full-blooded erkana free, unrestricted, etmek to do, to make, to easy produce erkek 1. man 2. male etmi? offense camel etrap geographical region erkin 1. free 2. freely, etÿud r. etude unrestrictedly eÿ-waÿ oh! erkinlik freedom eÿ-wäk ouch! Turkmen/English Dictionary 18

ätlemek 1. to step 2. to cross, transgress Ä ätmek to step F äwmek to feel, react, respond to ä ah! I see! äwmezlik slowness, fabrik factory äbermek to give, serve, tardiness (?) fakt r. fact render, get ready äwül-säwül by chance (?) fakultÿet r. faculty ädik boot äÿnek glasses, spectacles familiÿa r. surname ädikçi shoemaker faner r. plywood, veneer ädim footstep fantastika r. fantastic, ädimlemek to step, march imaginary ägä: äga bolmak to be fantaziÿa r. imagination; carefu; fantasy ägirt 1.huge 2.very farfor r. china; porcelin äheñ tone fartuk r. apron ähey yo, hi (greeting) fason r. style ähä ah!, I see! federasiÿa r. federation ählepus dunce, know- federatiw r. federative; nothing federal ähli all, the whole, full fehtowaniÿe r. fencing ählihalk nationwide feldsher r. medical ählumumy universal, assistant general felÿeton r. feuilleton ähmiÿet meaning, ferma r. farm significance, importance festiwal r. festival ähmiÿetli significant, fewral r. February considerable feÿerwerk r. firework äht vow, pledge, promise filarmoniÿa r. ähtibar 1. reliable, philharmonic dependable 2. authentic film r. film ähtimal possibly filologik r. philologic ähtiÿalanlyk treachery, filologiÿa r. philology perfidy filosofik r. philosophic äkitmek to carry, take away filosofiÿa r. philosophy äklemek to bring, deliver fin r. Finn älem world final r. final; finale älem-jahan universe, world firma r. firm älemgo?ar rainbow fizika r. physics äñ lower jaw fiziki r. physicist äñetmek 1. to look at 2. to flot r. fleet look over fond r. fund äpet mighty, powerful, huge fonetik r. phonetic äpi?ge window fonetika r. phonetics är husband fontan r. fountain är-aÿal married couple forma r. uniform äsgermek to consider, formal r. formal regard format r. size; form äsgermezçilik neglect, formula r. formula disdain formulirlemek r. to äsgermezlik neglect, formulate disdain formulirowka r. ä?gär open, obvious, formulation evident forografilemek r. to ä?gärlik openness, photograph obviousness fortoçka r. window leaf äti?gir railroad pliers, tongs forum r. forum ätiÿaç caution, heed fotoapparat r. camera ätiÿaçly cautious, careful fotografiÿa r. photograph foÿe r. foyer; lobby Turkmen/English Dictionary 19 fraseologik r. phraseologic gahar gelmek to get angry fraseologiÿa r. gahar getirmek to anger phraseology G gahar rage, fury front r. front gahar-gazap rage, fury fundament r. foundation; gaharjan furious, angry basis gaba cumbersome, gaharjandyrmak to make funksiÿa r. function unweildy angry futbol r. football gabahatçylyk entrapment, gaharly furious, mean- futbolçy r. football player vicious scheme spirited gabak eyelid gahryman hero (fearless gabamak to encircle person) gabanjañ jealous gahrymançylyk heroism gabanmak to be jealous of gahrymanlarça heroic gabara dimension, size gakylyk phlegm, phlegmy gabarçyk callous gala fortress gabarmak to callous galadaw indefatiguable, gabat against : Jaÿlar bir- energetic birine gabat salnypdyr = galagoply disturbing The houses were built galak left-over, left-behind : against each other galak okuwçy = a pupil gabat gelmek to coincide who isn't making progress gabatlamak to intercept galak-galçak leftovers, gabaw siege, encirclement clippings gabsa shutter galaktika r. galactic gabyk bark, shell galam 1. pencil 2. spoon gaça durmak to avoid, (Yomud) keep at a distance : Men galamdan pencil-case ony gaça durÿaryn = I'm galapyn most of the time : avoiding her Galapyn sen gije galyp gaçalak etmek to hide gelÿärsiñ = You come late from, to avoid most of the time gaçalaklamak to hide from, galat untruthful : Siz galat avoid aÿdÿarsyñyz! = You're gaçalga avoidance lying! gaçgak fugitive, refugee galaÿy tin gaçgakmak 1. to avoid 2. galaÿylamak to solder to fall, be lost : Meniñ galdyramak to tremble ukym gaçypdyr = My galdyrnak 1. to raise : hopes were vanishing Eliñi galdyryñ! = Raise gaçmak 1. to flee, retreat your hand! 2. [a:] to leave 2.to drop (on its own) (something) : gaçy dike Kataplaryñizi öÿde gaçyrmak 1. to drop, let fall galdyryñ = Leave your 2. to let loose : ol tow?any books at home gaçyrdy = He let loose the galgamak to flutter rabbit galkynys revival gadagan forbidden, galla grain, bread prohibited galmagal noise, racket gadam step, movement galmagally noisy gadym ancient galmak 1. to raise, be lifted gadymy antiquity 2. [a:] to stay, remain 3. gadyr fondness [a:] used to form modal gadyrly dear one verbs, keep …ing : Ol gadyrsyz unloved ÿatyr galdy = He kept gagal stupid, foolish (remained) sleeping gag?amak to tremble galñamak to thicken, gagyldamak to cackle, become dense : Gar kem- croak kemden galñaÿar = The gagyrmak to spit snow gradually thickened gagyrynmak to spit out galo? r. galoshes Turkmen/English Dictionary 20 galp fake, counterfeit ganjyk bitch garaj r. garage galpak a baby's first hair : ganly bloody garak eye : Näme, seniñ galpak toÿy = a party ganmak to fill (something garagyñ ÿokmy? = What, celebrating a child's first with a liquid) you don't have eyes to haircut gansyz bloodless see? galpla?dyrmak to falsify gant sugar garakçy bandit : deñiz galpyldy tremors gantly sugary garaçylary = pirates galstuk r. necktie ganybir one blooded : Ol garaköl baby sheep's pelt galtak wheelbarrow meniñ ganybir doganym (used to make Turkmen galtaman bandit = He's my blood brother. telpeks) galta?dyrmak to be right ganymat not bad garalama draft, rough copy against : ?kafy divara ganymatla?mak to get garalamak 1. to blacken : galta?dyryp goÿdyk = We better Ol ga?yñy garalaÿar = put the wardrobe against gañña mule saddle She's darkening her the wall gañrak hook eyebrows 2. to dye 3. to galtga float gañrylamak to bend, make shame, sully galyberse-de and with hooked garalawçy public that... gañ?yrawuk anat. prosecutor, investigating galyn bride price nasopharynx magistrate galyndy remaining, gañyrçak hook (for garalmak 1. to become remainder: On iki dörde clothing) dark 2. to burn : Dün men galyndysyz bölünÿär = gañyrmak to bend güne gataldym = I got a Twelve goes into four gap 1. box, package 2. sunburn yesterday 3. to without a remainder vessel : naxar iÿilÿän gap consider galyñ thick = kitchenware 3. garaltmak to make black galyñlyk thickness grammatical intesifier: garaly plum, plum tree : gam cekmek to mourn gap-garañky = really dark garaly mürepbesi = plum gamak a kind of plant gapak cover jam gama?mak 1. to be dazed, gapan 1. trap 2. scale (for garaly?mak to wait for overwhelmed 2. to be weighing) someone disgusted gapdal side : Gapy jaÿyñ garamak 1. v. to overlook gama?yk hazy, cloudy, dull demirgazyk gapdalyda = 2. v. to consider 3. n. gamçy whip The door is on the house's direction, auspices gamçylamak to whip north side garamandalak thistle gamgyn sad gapdalky adj. side : garamat responsibility gamla?dyrmak to pack, gapdalky gapy = side door garamaÿak common stuff gapgaç dishes, utensils people (???) gamly sad gapgarmak to fill garamazdan despite gamy? reed : Gamy?y gapjamak to clamp garamyk 1. chicken pox 2. gow?ak tutsañ, elinni gapjawaç clamp a kind of plant gyÿar = Hold the reed gaplamak to cover, bury garanjaklamak to look lightly, it might cut your gaplañ tiger around hand gapma-gar?y contradictory : garantja scarecrow gan blood Ol maña gapma-gar?y garañky 1. dark, unlit 2. gana plenty : Gana syw iç! dyrdy = He contradicted darkness : Garañkydan = Drink plenty of water! me gorkÿaryñmy? = Are you ganagyç adj. bleeding gapmak to catch afraid of the dark? ganar sack (for cut straw, gapy door garañkylyk darkness etc.) gapyl ignorant, ill-informed garañkyramak to darken ganat wing gapyrga rib garasöÿmez reserved, ganatlandyrmak to inspire gapyrjak box unsociable (lit. to add wings) gar snow garasuw glaucoma ganaw ditch gara black gara?dyrmak to make gandym a kind of plant gara-ört bolmak to char someone wait awhile gandyrmak to fill, satisfy, garabasma nightmare gara?ly bolmak to depend on slake, relieve garaçorba Turkmen meat ganhor murderer, soup gara?ly dependent monstrous person garagol disorderly gara?lylyk dependence ganjarmak to bleed garagu? epilepsy gara?mak to wait ganjyga saddle straps garahassalyk typhys gara?syz independent Turkmen/English Dictionary 21 gara?syzlyk independence: garsylyk obstacle gatakar rapids syÿasy we ykdysady gar?y 1. against, adjoining gatalkmak to raise, gara?syzlyk = political and 2. to meet, greet : Olaryñ strengthen : Ol sesiñi economic independence gar?ysyndan babam galtalkmali = He should gara?yk attention, notice çykdy = My grandfather raise his voice garawul durmak to stand went to meet them 3. gatamak 1. to harden 2. to guard constantly : Ol okuwa grow stale garawul guard gar?y gijä galyp gelmek = gatanç share, portion garaÿag tar He always comes late to gatbar-gatbar many- garaÿagyz dark study floored complexioned gar?y cykmak to disagree, gatla dam, dike garaÿy? 1. attitude, opinion object gatlak layer 2. look, glance gar?yda? adversary gatlakly layered garaz in general, to put it gar?yldamak to greet, meet gatlamak to deposit, add a shortly : Garaz sen razy gar?ylyk görkezme protest layer däl-dä = To put it shortyly, gar?ylyk görkezmek to gatmak 1. to add 2. to mix you don't agree protest gatnamak to be going (on a garbak-gurbak etmek to gar?ylyk obstacle, regular basis) bite, eat some opposition gatna?mak to participate in, garbamak to suffice gartañ grown : Bu telpek attend : Men lektsiÿalara garbanmak to bite, eat seni gartañ görkezÿär = gatna?dym = I attended some This hat makes you look the lectures garçygaÿ fellow older gatna?yjy participant garda? brother garta?mak to grow old gatna?yk relation: dostlukly garderob r. wardrobe garym-gatym disorderly gatna?yk = friendly garga crow, raven garyn stomach : Meniñ relations gargy reed, rush garynym aç = I'm hungry gatnaw 1. movement, gargy? damnation garynda? relative traffic : Häzir ?aheriñ garja?mak to get mixed up, garynda?syramak to be köçelerinde gatnaw uly = confused related There's a lot of movent on garja?yk hoarse garyndy dash, pinch (in the streets today 2. gark bilmak to drown cooking) communication, route garlawaç swallow (bird) garynja ant gatnawy route garly snowy garyp poor : garyp adam = gaty I. 1. hard, strong 2. garma-gürmelik chaos, poor person stale : gaty çörek = stale confusion garyplyk poverty bread 3. loud II. 1. very, garmak to mix with, shuffle gary? a unit of measurement extremely, a lot : Ol gaty garmon r. accordian equal to the width of a gordy = He was very afraid garnizon r. garrison hand from the outside of 2. well-done : gaty bi?irilen garnuw dash, pinch (in the thumb to the outside of ÿumurtga = hard-boiled cooking) the little finger egg garnym ditch gary?dyrmak to mix, mix in gatyk soft milk product like garpy?mak to be coupled gary?mak to be mixed yoghurt with, to clamp on to gary?yk mixed gatylyk hardness garpyz watermelon : Kerç gassap butcher gatyr mule garpuz iÿ! = Eat a piece of gastrol r. tour (artistic) gatyrganmak to anger watermelon! gastronom r. gourmet gaty?yk various garramak to age gasyk groin, pubis gawun melon garra?mak to get a little gasyn wrinkle gaÿ storm older ga? 1 1. eyebrow 2. before : gaÿa crag, cliff garratmak to make old : ga?ynda durmak = to gaÿamak to embroider Agyr zähmet ony stand before gaÿcy scissors garradyrdyr = Hard work gaÿçylamak to cut with ga? 2 encrustations, inlayed aged him scissors stones garry 1. old, aged 2. old gaÿduwsyz intrepid, ga?amak to scratch person fearless ga?ba-ga? face to face (lit. garrygyz Old Girl (a variety gaÿdym derejesi gram. brow to brow) of melon) passive voice ga?lamak to inlay, encrust garrylyk age, old age gaÿdyp forward, beyond gat layer, floor : iki gat jaÿ garsamak to put = two-story house Turkmen/English Dictionary 22 gaÿdy?yn return, way back : gaÿtandan anew, again : geçirmek 1. to conduct, Gaÿdy?yn size degip Gaÿtadan geliñ! = Come run, control 2. to translate geçepin = I'll stop by on again! : Turkmendiline geçiriñ! the way back gaÿtargy change (money) = Translate to Turkmen! 3. gaÿgy etmek to worry gaÿtarma 1. negative to reschedule, set a new gaÿgy worry, sadness command or gerrund form time gaÿgyly sad, worrisome of gaÿtarmak 2. A young geçis transition gaÿgyrmak to pity, feel wife who returns to her geçmek 1. to pass 2. to sorry for family for a short time after begin, start : Täze tema gaÿky strutting, with one's a month of marriage geçÿäris = We're starting chest puffed out gaÿtarmak to give back, a new theme 3. to pardon, gaÿma embroidery return forgive 4. used as a gaÿmak 1. cream 2. [a:] to gaÿtawul rebuff, repulse : helping verb like the soar Du?mana gaÿtawul berdik English "through" : de?ip gaÿmakly creamy = We repulsed the enemy geçmek = to pierce gaÿmalamak 1. to sew 2. gaÿybana externally, by through : okap geçmek = [a:] to whirl, spin around : correspondence to read through Çagajik enesiniñ da?ynda gaÿyk boat geçmi? the past : yzak gaÿmalap ÿördi = The gaÿym firm, tough : gaÿym geçmi? = the distant past child whirled around its agaç = solid wood gedam proud, arrogant mother gaÿyn in-law, in-laws : gedaÿ 1. poor 2. beggar, gaÿmala?mak [a:] to hurry gaÿyn ata = father-in-law poor person about, bustle, make a fuss gaÿy? leather gedaÿla?mak to impoverish gaÿnag boiled : Men diñe gaÿzykmak to become gedemlik arrogance gaÿnag suw içmeli = I weather-beaten, chapped gegemoniÿa r. hegemony must drink only boiled gaz gas gektar r. hectacre water gaz [a:] goose geleñsizlik carelessness gaÿnamak to boil Gazak Kazahk gelin 1. young girl 2. sister- gaÿnatmak to boil gazan big palow pan in-law, bride (something) : Sen suw gazanç earnings gelinalyjy wedding caravan gaÿnatÿañmy? = Are you gazança [a:] pot gelinbarmak grapes boiling water? gazançly profitable (specifically, Lady's Finger, gaÿra north-east gazanmak to earn a long a sweet variety of gaÿragolulmasyz urgent gazap anger grape) gaÿralmak 1. to worsen 2. gazaplandyrmak to make gelingyz young bride, girl to move backward angry gelip çykmak to originate gaÿramak to hone, sharpen gazaplanmak to get angry gelip çyky? origin gaÿrat strength, hutzpah gazaply angry geli?mek to go with, suit : gaÿratlanmak to buck up, gazet r. newspaper Bu köÿnek saña get gutsy gazganak pothole : Ÿol geli?meÿär = That dress gaÿry different dur?una gazganak = The doesn't suit you gaÿ?armak to sag, cave in road is full of potholes geljek future : Bagtly gaÿ?artmak to bend, bend gazly carbonated, gassy : geljek hakynda arzuw back, indent gazly suw = carbonated etÿärin = I wish for a gaÿta 1. time(s) : Kitaby water happy future : geljek ÿyl birnäçe gaÿta okadym = I gazmak to dig = next year read the book a few times gazyk peg gelmek 1. to come, arrive 2. just the opposite : Ÿagy? geçelge passage 2. to bear, carry 3. diñmän, gaÿta geçginli popular, sought- sometimes used as a güÿçlenÿärdi = The snow after modal verb with the -yp/-ip didn't slacken – just the geçi goat : Geçi ÿüwrüp, gerrund form : alyp opposite – it got stronger keÿik bolmaz = A very gelmek = to bring : uçup gaÿtalanmak to be fast goat won't be a gazelle gelmek = to fly in 4. used repeated : Geçä jan gaÿgy, to describe wants and gaÿtala?dyrmak to review, gassaba – ÿag : The goat desires : Ÿatasym gelÿär repeat several times : Öÿ loves life, the butcher loves = I want to sleep : Onyñ i?leriñizi gaÿtala?dyryñ = fat açlasyñ gelÿär = She Review your homework geçiriji conductor wants to cry gaÿtalmak to repeat geçirimli merciful, gelnalyjy wedding charitable procession Turkmen/English Dictionary 23 gelneje bride zatlaryñy aldy = He took gäzlemek to get dirty gel?ik beauty the most necessary things gibrid r. hybrid gel?ikli beautiful gereksiz unnecessary giç late : Ol sapagiña gije gel?iksiz disadvantageous, gerim 1. in a big way, in a geldi = He came late to hideous : Bu gel?iksiz i? = grand style 2. great strides class : Giç ÿag?y! = Good This is thankless work gerinmek to sip evening! gel?iksizlik disadvantage geri? back, spine giçki late gel?in the opposite way gerk-gäbe enough, a lot of giçlemek to come late gemirçek cartilidge germek to put up, set up giçlik evening gemirmek to gnaw, nibble germemek to obstruct gidi?in going, one way gemi?ek foreigner germew obstruction gidi?in-gaÿdy?yn round trip gemrijiler rodents gero r. hero gidi?ini passing, incidental general r. general (military) getirmek to fetch, bring : giew son-in-law, brother-in- genial r. brilliant, eminent Bu saña zyÿan getirjek = law geniÿ r. genius That will bring you harm gigiena r. hygiene geñ strange, surprising, geÿdirmek to dress gijara before sunset weird (somebody) : Ol gyzyña gije night geñe? advice täze köÿnek geÿdirdi = gije-gündiz day and night geñe?mek to advise She put a new dress on her gijeki adj. night geñirgendirmek to daughter giji itch surprise, startle geÿim clothes gijikdirmek to make too geñirgenmek to be geÿim-e?ik clothes late, to delay surprised, startled geÿim-gejim clothes gijikmek to be late : Sen i?e geñlemek to seem strange geÿindirmek to dress gijikÿäriñ = You're late to geograf r. geographer (somebody) work geografiÿa r. geography geÿmek to dress (oneself) gikilewik annoyance, itch geologiÿa r. geology geÿnüwli well-dressed gimn r. hymn geometriÿa r. geometry gezdirmek to take for a gimnastika r. gymnastics gep talk, conversation, walk : Murat, iti gezdir! = giñ 1. wide, spacious 2. parlance : dogry gep = Murat, take the dog for a composed, easy-going honest words, straight talk walk! (personality) gep-gürrüñ conversation, gezegine in turns, by turns giñelmek to be widened talk gezek 1. time (as in "3 giñi? spacious, wide gepçi busy-body, gossip times") : Gürrümisüñi giñleme expansion geplemek to speak indiki gezege goÿarys = giñlemek to expand geplemek to speak We're putting of talking giñlik 1. width, gauge 2. geplemezlik silence until the next time 2. turn, latitude (geographical) geplem?ek talky, move gipdal whirlpool conversational gezek-gezigine in turns, by gipdeji income, revenue geple?ik 1. negotiations 2. turns gipdenek tubby person, spoken, negotiated gezekle?mek to alternate frump geple?ikler negotiation(s) gezelenç etmek to go for a gips r. plaster geple?mek 1. to converse, walk, stroll girelge entrance talk gezelenç stroll girew deposity, security gepletmek to allow to gezemek to aim deposit speak : Ol meni gepletdi gezende stroll giri? introduction = He allowed me to speak gezer jog, trot giri?mek to begin gerb emblem gezim stroll giri?mek to embark upon gerbariÿ r. barbarism gezmek 1. to stroll 2. to girizmek to let in, bring in gerbli stamped, official wander : Köp ÿurtlary girmek to enter : Ol ?ähere gerden shoulder(s) gezdik = We wandered girÿär = He's coming into geregiçe so much, as around a lot of countries town much as is needed gezmelemek to pass gitar guitar : alty kiri?li gerek necessary, needed : gädik breach, fracture gitar = six string guitar Saña näme gerek? = gägirmek to belch, burp gitdigiçe gradually, little by What do you need? (lit. gämi ship little What is needed to you?) gäp scarecrow gitmek 1. to go 2. used as gereklemek to want gätmek to break off, chop a modal verb : ÿykypyp gerekli necessary, needed : off gitmek = to collapse (lit. Ÿanyñ bilen iñ gerekli gäz dirt to go falling) Turkmen/English Dictionary 24 gizlemek to be concealed, gonamçylyk graveyard go?mak to add, add on, put away gonç trouser-leg append : go?mak almaty = gizlenmek to conceal, put gondyrmak to land (a addition sign, plus away plane) go?torba knapsack gizlenpeçek hide-and-seek gonmak to land : Kepderi go?ulma suffix, ending gizligin secret tama gondy = The dove go?ulyjy component gizlin secret, illegal, hidden landed on the roof go?un army globys r. globe goñak dandruff go?unçylyk military service gobsynmak to raise goñralmak to turn brown gotan pelican oneself, to stand up goñ?y neighbor, neighboring gotaz tassel goç 1. ram 2. ram-like (a goñ?y-golan neighbor gotur 1. pitted, pockmarked compliment) : goç ÿygit = goñur brown 2. mangy, scabby a bold and daring young goñursamak to smell gow snake scales man strongly (like burning gowa waterskin goduklamak to wobble, rubber) gowaça cotton stagger goparmak to pull out, tear gowak cave goh 1. noise 2. scandal off gowga din, racket goja 1. old, ancient 2. an gopbamsy arrogant, gowgaly troubled, disturbed old man conceited gowlamak to make a bed gojalyk age gopgun noise, din, fracas gowrak more than gojamak to age (said of gopmak to fall out, fall off gow?ak weak men) gopuz mouth harp gow?amak to weaken gojaman ancient gor ferment, leaven gow?atmak to make weak gol 1. hand, arm 2. gorag 1. protection 2. gow?uramak to convey, signature 3. gulf fence deliver gol çekmek to sign (to pull goragçy protector gowulandyrmak to make arm) goramak to protect, defend better, improve golak handless, armless goranmak to be protected gowularmak to get better golandirly Dutch person goraÿy? protection gowula?mak to make better golasty dependent, colonial gorçitsa r. mustard gowulyl goodness, good golaÿ next, near, about : Ol gorizontal r. horizontal gowurma preserved meat iki aÿa golaÿ dien ÿaly gorka timidity that was fried in fat- dynç aldy : He rested gorkak shy, timid something like jerky or hard about two months : Biziñ gorkaklyk cowardice tack golaÿymizdan kanal gorkmak to be afraid gowurmak to fry geçÿär = A canal passes gorkuly 1. frightening, gowu?mak 1. to give 2. to close to here. dangerous 2. frightened reach, make it to : Olar golaÿda 1. not far 2. not gorkunç 1. frightening, A?gabada gowu?dylar = long ago dangerous 2. monster They reached Ashgabat golaÿlamak to approach gorkuzmak to scare gowuz not full golaÿlyk closeness gorky fear, fright gowy good, well golaÿynda at gorp ditch gowy görmek to like, be golça earthenware pot, gorsamak to turn (a corner) fond of pitcher gorsanmak to be unsettled gowylandyrmak to improve golçur offshoot gor?ok r. pot, potty gowylyk goodness goldamak to support, to aid gosgy poem, poetic gowzalmak to decrease, goldaw support, aid gospital r. hospital get rid of gollamak to support go? things, property, goÿalamk to thicken gollanmak to be guided, to belongings goÿazy serious follow : Instruktsiÿany go?-golañ property, goÿbermek 1. to let go 2. gollanmadyñ! = You didn't belongings used as a modal verb to follow instructions! go?a two, a pair signify reflexive or golsuz 1. armless, go?ant contribution involuntary actions : Ol handless 2. unsigned go?ar wrist muny aÿdyp goÿberdi = goltuk armpit go?awuç handful He let this slip from his golÿazma manuscript go?ma compound toungue by accident, He gom storm go?maça 1. addition, said this gomparmak to put on airs, appendage 2. appendix goÿbolsun etmek to become full of oneself repeal, abolish gompy conceited, arrogant goÿä as if, as though Turkmen/English Dictionary 25 goÿmak 1. to put 2. to put gönençilik pleasure görünmek to appear, to forward, submit 3. used as gönenmek to get pleasure, seem a modal verb signifying a benefit görü? vision completed action : alyp göni straight, direct görü?mek to meet, greet goÿmak = to make a gönüburçluk mat. right götergimek 1. to raise purchase : edip goÿmak = angle above 2. to extol to get (something) done gönükdirmek to direct götermek to pick up goÿry dense, thick gönükme exercise (in a götsbogma whooping goÿulmak to be placed, book) cough given gönülmek 1, to go straight göwher pearl goÿulyk thickness, density 2. to speak directly göwnaçyk open-hearted, goÿum deposit, investment gönüme directions artless goÿun sheep gönümek to be directed göwnamek 1. to agree with, goÿy dense, thick gönümel straightforward desire : Ol biziñ bilen goza cotton boll gör grave, tomb gitmäge göbnänok = He gozgalañ 1. uprising 2. göreç pupil (of the eye) doesn't want to go with us, unease, disquiet : Ondan göredeli model, example He has not agreed to go gozgalaña du?ÿärin = That göre? wrestling with us makes me feel uneasy, göre?mek to fight, wrestle göwnejaÿ with spirit that disturbs me görä 1. by comparison : Ol göwnetmek to persuade, gozgalañçy rebel, mutineer saña görä daÿawrak = By talk into gozgamak to move comparison to you, he's göwnüne degilmek to be (something) healthy 2. by, according to offended gozganmak to move : seniñ aÿtmagyña görä = göwnüne degmek to (oneself) by your words, according offend göbek belly-button to your words göwnüne gotermek to göç 1. move, turn (in chess görgi suffering, torture cheer up or checkers) 2. nomadic görgüli unfortunate person göwre trunk, torso camp görgülik torture : Bu nä göwreli pregnant göçgünli jumpy, excited görgülik! = What torture göwrüm volume göçme mobile, transitory this is! göwrümli voluminous, göçmek to move, to go görip envious sizable somewhere else : Göç-aÿ! görk beauty : Görk göz göw?ül dilapidated (used of = C'mon, move! (Heard bilen agyzda = Beauty is clothing) often in buses) in the eyes and the mouth göwün soul, spirit göçürmek 1. to move görkana 1. nice 2. pretty, göwünjeñ desirous of, (something) 2. fig. to copy picturesque wanting to : Men gitmäge gödek rude görkezgiç indicator göwünjeñ däl = I don't gögerçin wild dove görkeziji index, exponent want to go gögermek 1. to grow, rise, görkezmek to show göwünly spirited : kiçi come up 2. to become görksüz not pretty göwünly = mean-spirited blue or green görme-görü? visit göwünsiz disinterested, not göjek clay ball (used for görmegoÿ nice desirous slingshots) görmek 1. to see (in göwüs breast gök 1. blue 2. green 3. sky various senses: to meet, to göÿduk sickly, puny : Gökde eke-je bulut ÿok understand, to figure out) göz 1. eye 2. glance 3. = There's not a single 2. as a modal verb, vision 4. peephole cloud in the sky implying attempt or dare göz öñünde tutmak to aim gök önüm vegetable Men dadyr gördim = I göz ÿa? teardrop göl central design, symbol tried (dared) to taste it, I göz-görtele obvious, patent in a Turkmen carpet tasted it göz-gulak bolmak to watch göle calf (young cow) görnetin plain to see, over (lit, to be eyes and göm-gök bluest, completely obvious ears) blue görnükli visible, eminent, gözbagçy hypnotizer gömelteÿ directly, attractive gözba? spring, source immediately görnü? 1. look, appearance gözba?y origin gömmek to fill in 2. form, shape 3. kind, gözboÿagçylyk deception gömük filled type 4. view, scene 5. gözdandy blindman's bluff gön leather gram. aspect (game) gönelmek to straighten out görübilmezçilik jealousy gözeg care Turkmen/English Dictionary 26 gözel pretty, nice gupba traditional Turkmen gurultaÿ assembly, gözellik beauty girl's headpiece, made of conference, convention, gözenek grating, lattice metal and worn over a gathering gözgyny pathetic, pitiable skullcap gurulyk dryness gözleg research guradylan dried gurum soot gözlemek to search, search guragyryly rheunatism guru?mak to get numb : for gurak arid Meniñ aÿaklarym gözÿ as if gural instrument, tool : saz gur?updyr = My legs fell gözÿa? teardrop gurallary = musical asleep gradus degree(s) (of instruments gury dry temperature) gurama organization gus-gury absolutely dry, grafa r. graph guramaçy organizer the driest grafik r. draughtsman guramak I. to organize II. gusmak to throw up, puke, grafim r. decanter [u:] to dry out vomit grajjdan r. citizen guranmak to be put gussa sorrow gram r. gram together gu? bird grammatik r. grammatical gurat 1. corrected, gu?ak belt : Ol gu?agyñy grammatika r. grammar improved 2. fattened (of dañdy = He fastened his granat r. grenade sheep) belt grek hozy walnut guratlyk improvement gu?aklyk 1. waist 2. geog. grek r. Greek gurbaga frog belt grim r. make-up gurban sacrifice : gurban gu?amak to tie with a belt grip r. flu baÿram = festival of the gu?çulyk poultry gruppa r. gruppa sacrifice (major holiday gutap pastry, pie gruzin r. Georgian whichcelebrates the gutarmak 1. to finish, to gruzovik r. truck covenant of Abraham) end 2. used as a modal gubur tomb gurbat ability verb to express completion guda son-in-law or gurbatly able : gazyp gutarmak = to daughter-in-law's father or gurçuk worm finish digging, to dig out mother gurgun healthy, well gutarnykly final, last gudrat miracle, marvel gurjak doll, toy : gutary? conclusion guduz 1. mad, rabid 2. fig. Gyzjagazlar gurjak gutlag congratulations mischeivous oÿnaÿarlar = The little girls gutlamak to congratulate gujak 1. embrace 2. play with dolls gutly bolsun! Happy ... ! : armfull gurjurly forceful Täze ÿul gutly bolsun! = gujaklamak to embrace gurlu? construction Happy New Year! gujakla?mak to embrace gurlu?lyk construction gutulgysyz hopeless gujur force, energy gurlu?ykçy carpenter gutulmak to recover gujurly energetic gurmak 1. to build, create guty box gujursyz weak 2. to set : gapgan gurmak guwanç pride gulak asmak to listen = to set a trap guwanmak to be proud of attentively gurp ability guÿguç funnel gulak ear(s) gurplanmak to become guÿma casting (metal) gulak salmak to listen strong, able guÿmak to pour, pour in attentively gurply 1. strong, able 2. guÿruk tail gulluk service well-off guÿy well, shaft gullukçy servant gursak breast guzaÿ shady side gulmak to pour gur?aw hoop guzlamak to calve (used of gulp lock gur?awmak to enclose, cows, cats, sheeps, and gulpak corn silk encircle some other animals) gulplamak to lock gur?un lead (metal) guzlaññy productive, fast- gum 1. sand 2. desert gurt I. [u:] wolf II. [u:] breeding gum-gulluk not a soul worm, maggot III. ball of guzy lamb gumak sandy dried curds : Ol gurt bolup güberçek protruding, gunça bud (of a flower) oturdy = He was curled up bulging, convex gundag swaddling clothes in a ball, huddled up gübermek to swell up, gunduz otter gurtlamak to become inflate gunu?mak to whip up, wormy gübürdemek to thunder, inspire roar güe moth Turkmen/English Dictionary 27 güjeñlemek to tantalize, güne? sunshine güwwüldemek to buzz, tease güne?lemek to sunburn hum güjük puppy güne?li sunny : Güne?li güÿç strength, power gül 1. flower 2. rose 3. Türkmenistana ho? güÿçlenmek to strengthen ornament 4. cataract 5. geldiñiz! = Welcome to güÿçli 1. strong 2. capable curl, flourish sunny Turkmenistan! güÿgüç ladel gülaby a kind of melon günä fault, crime, sin : güÿjemek to strengthen, güldürmek to make laugh Onuñ näme günäsi bar? intensify (of weather) gülälek red poppy = What has he done güÿlmek to tie up gülki laughter : Meniñ wrong? (specifically, to tie an gülkim tutÿar = This günäkär guilty one animal's four legs together) makes me laugh günäkärlemek to blame : güÿmemek 1. to entertain, gülküli funny, humorous Men ony hiç zat üçin amuse 2. to detain, gülkünç ridiculous, funny, günäkärlämok = I don't distract, delay humorous blame him for anything güÿmenje amusing gülle blooming günäli guilty güÿmenmek 1. to be güllemek to bloom günäsiz blameless, amused 2. to be detained gülmek to laugh innocent güÿz fall, autumn gülümjiremek to grin günin one day güzap torture gülü?mek to laugh (of large günorta south, southern güzer ford groups) günortan noon : Ol güzeran life, existence gülÿaka traditional Turkmen günortan çenli ÿatdy = He gwardiÿn r. guard brooch inlayed with stones slept until noon gybat gossip gülzar flower bed günortanlyk nahar dinner, gybatke? gossipper güm bol! Get out of here! lunch gybatke? scandalmonger Be gone! günsaÿyn daily gygyrmak to gab, chatter, gümana doubtful, günüñ dogmagy sunrise whistle, cry out uncertain, hardly possible : günüñ ÿa?magy sunset gygyry?mak to shout back Oluñ geljegi-gelmejegi günüzin all day : Men and forth gümana = It's uncertain if günüzin i?lemok = I have gyjak Turkmen national he'll come or not not worked all day musical instrument, gümmez cupola, dome güñ deaf vaguely resembling a violin gümmürdemek to thunder, güplemek to boast gyjalat reproach roar güpürdemek to stamp gyjyk tickle : Gyjygym gümpüldi gunshot (sound gür thick, dense gelÿer = It tickles me of a) gürlemek to say, speak gyjyklamak to tickle gümrük import/export duty, gürma bolmak to be gyjynmak to irritate customs captivated, fascinated gyk-bak etmek to shout, gümrükhana customs gürpüldemek to crash make a noise house gürpürdi stamping, rumble gykylyk noise, scream gümür-ÿamür etmek to gürrüldemek to roar, gykylyklamak to make have a little chat thunder noise gümür-yamyr chit-chat gürrüñ talk, conversation, gyl voice gümürtik unconsidered, discussion gylaw edge, blade sloppy : gümürtik jogap = gürrüñde? partner in gylçyk tiny fishbones thoughtless answer conversation gyldyrgan splinter gün 1. sun 2. day: güne?li gürrüñde?mek to converse gyllyk spit gün = sunny day gürrüñsiz 1. wordless, gylÿal horse gün tertibi agenda unspoken 2. certain, sure gylyç saber günasa every other day gürsüldemek to thump, gylyk 1. character 2. habit güna?a all day, in a day beat gymmat expensive günbatar west gürsüldi heartbeat gymmatlamak to raise a gündelik diary gürüm-jürüm bolmak to price, prices gündiz daytime vanish, disappear : Sen gymmatly expensive, gündizine daytime nirä gürüm-jürüm valuable gündizki daily, daylight bolduñ? = Where did you gymyldamak to budge, stir gündogar east, eastern disappear to? gymyldamak to stir güne ÿanmak to get güw swan gymyldy flutter, small sunburnt güwä guarantee movement : ÿapraklaryñ günebakar sunflower Turkmen/English Dictionary 28

gymyldysy = fluttering gyssamak to hurry leaves gysym handful, clutch gyn scabbard gysymlamak to grab H gynamak to distress, bring gysyr barren grief to gy? winter gynanç regret gy?armak 1. to lean, slant habar 1. news 2. mark, gynançly grieved, sorrowful 2. to diverge note, item 3. knowledge gynanmak to regret gy?arnyksyz unswerving, 4. gram. predicate gynansamda unfortunately steadfast habar etmek to inform gyñaç shawl, big scarf gy?artmak to bend, distort habar tutmak to get news gyñak little slice, crust (of gy?lag wintering habarçy correspondent bread) gy?yk curve habardar notification, gyñyr angry, malicious gy?yna wintertime advice gyp-gyzyl reddest gyt rare habarla?mak to exchange gypjyndyrmak 1. to gytalmak to be in short news, get news overstretch, strain 2. to supply : ?u günler bazarda habarly expert, versed frighten away kä?ir gytalypdyr = These habarlyk gram. predicate gypmak to wink days carrots are scarce at haç cross gyr I. steppe II. [y:] gray the bazaar haçan when (of horses) gyÿa oblique, slanting hadys prophecy gyra border, coast gyÿçak splinter, shard hadysa 1. event, occurence gyradeñ the same, exactly gyÿk sheep dung 2. phenomenon gyraky extreme, outer gyÿkundy rags, scraps hahahaÿlamak to roar with gyraw frost gyÿmak to cut laughter gyrgy hawk, merlin gyz [y:] 1. girl 2. daughter hajat need, want gyrgyn mass death gyzamyk cerebral cortex hajathana toilet gyrgynçylyk slaughter, gyzarmak to redden ha££uk lizard carnage gyzdyrmak 1. to heat : Gün hak I. correct, right II. 1. gyrkmak to slaughter, cut ÿeri gyzdyrÿar = The sun right, privilege 2. fee, down heats the land 2. to wages 3. lot, fate gyrkymçy slaughterer intensify 3. to have a hak-hukuk right, privilege gyrmak I. to kill : Aç temperature hakla?mak to get even with, saklap gyrdarys = We're gyzgalañly intense settle accounts dying of hunger II. to gyzgyn 1. hot 2. intense 3. hakly bolmak to be entitled wear down, grate, rub off temperature : Meniñ to gyrmalamak to fill (to the gyzgynym bar = I have a hakyda memory, rim) temperature rememberance gyrmança silt, gratings gyzgynlyk intensity, heat hakykan reality gyrmyzy red, pink gyzma hot-tempered hakykat 1. truth 2. reality gyrtyç to clear off, clear up gyzmak 1. to heat 2. to be hakykatdan really, in truth gyrylmak I. to kill II. to be fascinated with hakyky genuine straining, bursting gyzmalyk heat hakynda about gyrymsy stunted gyzykdyrmak to be hal I. 1. health 2. strength, gyryndy shavings interesting to : Ony sport force, power, might 3. gyryz Kirghiz gyzykdyrÿardy = Sports dialect II. birthmark, mole gysaç vice (mechanical were interesting to him hal-ahwal health, situation, gripping device) gyzyklandyrmak to interest need gysby tight gyzyklanmak to be halal just, righteous, pure, gysga short interested godly gysgaça briefly gyzykly interesting halamak to like gysgaltmak to shorten gyzykmak to be fervoured, halas bolmak to take gysganç 1. miser 2. impassioned refuge greedy, miserly gyzyksiz boring halas free gysgyç princers, tongs gyzyl I. red II. gold hala?mak to like (one gysmak to grip, press gyzylödek anat. another) gysmyljyramak to press up esophagus, gullet halat time, season against gyzy?mak to warm, heat halk 1. people, nation 2. gyssag urgently gyzzyrma malaria people's, popular, folk 3. gyssagara haste, hurry crowd, mob gyssagly urgent, hurried halk citizens, people Turkmen/English Dictionary 29 halka 1. loop 2. ring 3. harç expense, expenditure hat-habar news environment, circle, harçlamak to spend, hat-sowat reading and company expend, waste writing halkara international harçlamak to waste hatar durmak to stand in halkylyk nationality harlamak to neglect, order, stand in file halkyÿet nationality disdain hatar I 1. row, line, file 2. halta sack harma-harp literal, verbal order, array 3. in line II. halwa helva, a Turkish harman flour danger, risk dessert harp alphabet letter hatarlamak to be in order haly carpet harplyk alphabet book, hatarly dangerous halyçy carpet maker kindergarten primer hatda even halypa teacher, master harpyk chaff hatyra respect, esteem halys totally hars : hars urmak to hatyrdamak to crunch ham animal skin develop, make, evolve hatyrjem relaxed, sure, hamala as it were, as if, as harsal coarse, crude, gross, certain, calm though rough hawa yes hammam bath-house harsallyk roughness haÿ-kü? etmek 1. to calm, hamyr dough haryt good, commodity soothe, reassure 2. to hamyrmaÿa leavening, harytlar products, goods censure fermented dough has I. very II. peculiar, haÿa embarassment, hamyrtur?y leavening, specific, characteristic confusion fermented dough hasa 1. [hasá] staff, stick haÿal slow, slowly hamyt collar, harness 2. [hása] gauze haÿal-ÿagallyk etmek to hamytlamak to collar, hasabat account of, report delay, linger, hesitate harness hasamak to tally up haÿallamak 1. to weaken, han ruler hasap 1. account, count, slacken 2. to deteriorate hanha there, over there tally 2. inventory, haÿallatmak to slow down, hantama expectation calculation 3. arithmetic, reduce, delay hantamaçylyk expectation mathematics haÿallyk slowness hany I. where? II. well hasap bermek to give an haÿasyz shameless, now, then account indecent hañlatmat to open, open hasap etmek to take into haÿat fence, wall wide account, calculate haÿbat threat, menace hapa I. 1. dirt, mud 2. hasapçy accountant haÿdamak to do quickly, to trash II. indecent, hasaplamak 1. to count in, rush obscene consider 2. to calculate, haÿdatmak to drive, urge, hapalamak to dirty compute 3. to rate, value, hurry up hapalanmak to get dirty estimate haÿkylyk cry, outcry, shout hapalyk destruction hasaplanmak to be haÿkyrmak to cry out, haplamak to pour over, to regarded, considered, shout, scream scald taken into account haÿp used like the English hapysa slovenly, careless hasapla?mak to get even "Unfortunately...", or "It's a haraba ruins with, to settle accounts shame..." harajat etmek to spend, hasrat grief, distress, haÿran galmak to admire expend, use up trouble, disaster, haÿran suprise, harakteristika r. misfortune astonishment characteristic hassa sick, ill haÿsy which haram prohibited, forbidden hassalamak to be ill haÿwan animal haramzada rascal, imp hassalyk illness, disease, haÿwanat adj. animal harap spoiled, broken, sickness haÿwanat bagy zoo depraved hasyl harvest haÿÿar clamorous, haraplamak to spoil, to hasylly 1. fruitful 2. fertile scandalous break down hasyr-husur quickly, soon haÿÿarlyk scandal harasat hurricane ha?al weed haÿykmak to be afraid of haraÿ help, aid ha?am adornment, haÿyn traitor haraz mill decoration haÿynlyk treason harby military, war ha?amlamak to adorn, haÿyr 1. benefit, use 2. harby ÿagdaÿ martial law decorate profit, gain 3. assistance, harbyla?dyrmak to hat 1. letter 2. writing 3. aid, help militarize note, slip, letter, memo 4. handwriting 5. document Turkmen/English Dictionary 30 haÿyrlanmak to make use het 1. limit, boundary, hiÿ I. "really?" , "is that of, take advantage of border 2. boldness, possible?" II. "hey!" haÿyrly 1. beneficial, courage hojalyk ownership helpful hetdena?a excessive hojalykçy housekeeper haÿy? etmek to request, ask heÿ I. "really?" , "is that hojaÿyn host, master for possible?" II. "hey!" hokga craftiness, cunning haÿy? request heÿgenek scrambled eggs hokkeÿ r. hockey hazlamak to howl heÿkel statue hokurdamak 1. to gurgle hazyna 1. treasury 2. hezel etmek to enjoy 2. to crunch treasure hezel pleasure hol as such, like that heder fear, risk, peril hezil interesting, holha there, over there hek 1. lime 2. chalk captivating, pleasing holodilnik r. refrigerator hekaÿa story hezillik amusement, honha there, over there hekaÿat 1. story 2. even, entertainment, pleasure hoñkarmak to gape occurence hezzet hospitality hoñuldamak to grumble, hekgermek 1. to let in 2. to hezzet-hormat respect, growl be provoked, be vexed esteem hopba bolmak to climb heklemek to bleach, hezzetlemek to show, hopmak to fall in, fall off whitewash provide hospitality hopukmak 1. to gasp, heleÿ woman, wife hä oh, oh yes choke 2. to be frightened, heläk bolmak to perish häkim mayor scared of heläkçilik 1. catastrophe 2. häkimiÿet authority, power, hopurdatmak to drink torment, suffering rule, regime hor çekmek to snore heläklemek to torment, häli 1. long ago 2. not long hor I. 1. thin, scrawny, lean, torture, vex, worry ago 3. still, yet, for now skinny 2. poor II. snore, hellewlemek to loom häli-?indi endlessly, without snore III. r. chorus, choir hem too, also conclusion horaz cock hemaÿat etmek to provide häsiÿet 1. character 2. horkuldamak 1. to sob 2. help property to grunt hemaÿat help, aid häsiÿetlendirmek to horlamak I. to snore, snort hemi?e 1. always 2. characterize, mark II. 1. to exhaust, use up 2. earlier, former, first, before häzir 1. now, at present 2. to torment hemi?elik permanent ready, prepared horlanmak 1. to grow thin hemme all, every häzirki modern, 2. to organize hemmetaraplaÿyn compre contemporary, present horluk çekmek to suffer hensive häzirki zaman gram. horluk pain, torment, hemra 1. fellow traveller 2. present tense suffering life-long companion häzirlemek to prepare horlyk çekmek to suffer heniz until now, yet, still häzirlikçe for the time hormat honor, esteem, heñ I. tune, melody II. being, meanwhile respect mold hiç nothing hormatlamak to esteem, heñkirmek to cry out, hikirdemek to snicker, honor, respect shout, scream giggle hormatly honored, heñlemek to get moldy hikirdi giggle, snicker esteemed hepbik snare, noose hil quality, style hortum trunk hepde week hile 1. cunning, craftiness hossar 1. patron, guardian hepdeleÿin week-long hilegär cunning fellow, 2. trustee hepdelik 1. weekly 2. per dodger hossarlyk 1. trusteeship 2. week hilegärlik craftiness, relationship her every, all cunning hossarlyk etmek to hereket etmek to move hili-bir hili 1. homogeneous patronize, protect hereket movement 2. somwhat ho? I. well, good, okay II. herketlendirmek to move himiki r. chemical just, favorable III. bye hernä 1. as it were 2. himiÿa r. chemistry ho?a bunch, cluster sometimes 3. always hin hole, burrow ho?al satisfactory herrelmek to cry out angrily hiññildik swing ho?allyk satisfaction hersi every hiññilik swing ho?amaÿ pleasant, affable he?elle kakmak to exult hirurg r. surgeon ho?amaÿlyk pleasantness hirurgik r. surgery ho?bagt happy, fortunate, lucky Turkmen/English Dictionary 31 ho?boÿ aromatic, fragrant hökümet government hüÿt-garañky total ho?la?mak to take leave of, höre-kö?e caress, affection darkness say goodbye höre-kö?e etmek to calm, hyjuw passion ho?lo?yk parting soothe, reassure hy££yldamak to rattle, ho?niÿetli benevolent hörezek scarlet fever speak hoarsely ho?wagt joyful, merry hötde gelmek to inquire, hyklamak to groan, moan howa ?ary balloon consult hykyrdamak to chuckle, howa weather, air höwes 1. desire (for) 2. giggle howala airs interest, zeal hykyrdy laugh, chuckle, howandar 1. relative, höwesjeñ willingly, gladly, giggle relation 2. patron, with pleasure hyllalla difficulty, trouble, protector höwesjeñler amateurs embarassment howandarlyk 1. höweslendirmek 1. to hyñranmak to growl relationship 2. patronage encourage 2. to arouse hyrawa wild howatyr fear, interest in hyrdar hunter, lover of the apprehension, anxiety höweslenmek to become wild howaÿy empty, void, vain, interested in hyrra quickly, soon idle höwürtge nest hyrsyñy di?lemek to be howda pond höwürtgelemek to next annoyed, vexed howlukdyrmak to hurry hözir pleasure hyrsyz evil, malicious, (someone) up hronika r. chronicle spiteful, angry hrustal r. crystal hyrsyzlanmak to be angry, howlukmak to hurry up hudaÿ God, Allah feel angry howly yard hudaÿa çokunma prayer hyruç passion howlykmak to rush, hurry hudo£nik r. artist hyryn-dykyn full, complete, howp danger hukuk bermek to entitle absolute howpsuzlyk security hukuk right, perogative hyssyldamak to puff, pant, howsala alarm, warning, hupbat pain, suffering sweat alert hurma date hysyrdamak to endeavor, howsalaly alarming, hususan particular, strive disturbing peculiar hysyrdy troubles, cares / howtyrlanmak to fear, hususy private businesses, commissions beware of husyt greedy, avaracious hy?y-wu?y rumoured howul-hara 1. hasty, husytlyk greed hytyrdamak to crack, hurried 2. careless, hu? memory crunch negligent hut I. just, very, exact, hyÿal 1. intention, design, howur heat, fever, ardour particular II. personal purpose 2. dream, howuz pond, pool hutma-hut drawn (game) daydream hoz nut huwwalamak to lull hyÿallanmak to intend hozanaklamak to turn, hüjüm raid, attack hyÿally imaginary, revolve hü££ermek to lull supposed höçjet obstinate, stubborn hümer crowd, concourse hyÿanat etmek to do evil, höçjetlik stubborness hümürdemek to murmur, harm hödür 1. entertainment, mutter hyÿanat evil, harm, malice food, drinks 2. offer, hünär trade, craft, hyÿanatçy tresspassor proposal, suggestion occupation hyÿanatçylyk tresspassing hödür etmek to treat hünärment craftsman, hyÿar cucumber hödürlemek 1. to treat, artist hyzlamak to buzz, hum entertain 2. to offer, hünärmentçilik crafted, hyzmat 1. service 2. merit propose, suggest handmade 3. employment, duty hökman imperative, hünji beads hyzmat da?lyk coopertation, necessary, mandatory hüñürdemek to grumble, collaboration hökmany necessity growl hyzmat etmek to serve, hökmany obligatory, hüñürdi grumbling, growl host compulsory hü?gär vigilant, watchful, hyzmat service hökmünde as alert hyzmatda? partner höküm 1. order, command hü?gärlik alertness hyzmatkär servant 2. sentence, verdict hüwdi lullaby höküm sürmek to reign hüwdülemek to lull höküm sürmeklik reign hüwi zool. eagle owl Turkmen/English Dictionary 32

igenmek to grumble, be ilkidurmu? primordial, first quarrelsome existing I iglemek 1. to lose weght 2. ilkinji initial, primary to rust ilkinjilik primary igli thin, skinny illÿustrasiÿa r. illustration ibermek to send ik spindle illÿustratiw r. illustrative iç inside, intestine ikatäk cuckoo ilmek to be fallen içagyry diarrhea iki two iltemek to hook içaly spy, traitor iki-ÿeke rarely ilte?mek to be hooked içege intestine ikibir in pairs, by pairs ime?ik disheveled içeri inside, within, inner ikiçäk eye to eye ime?mek 1. to be region ikigöwünli undecided, disheveled 2. tangled hair içerik insides undetermined imi-sala peaceful, quiet içerki insides ikilenç second time, again imisalalyk peace, içgeçme diarrhea ikilik the number two, a "D" tranquility içgi alcoholic drink grade imperialistik r. imperialistic içgin very well ikindi early evening imperializm r. imperialism içigara envious, evil (adj.) ikindin late afternoon import r. import içigaralyk envy, evil ikinji derejeli secondary importirlemek r. to import içinde inside ikinji second imtilmek to covet, be içinden from inside ikinjilik second place jealous içirgi beverage host ikirjinlemek to think upon, inçe thin içirgilemek to saddle mull over inçekesel type of illness içirmek to cause to drink ikiÿanlaÿyn two-sided inçelmek to become thin içki adj. inside ikiÿüzli two-faced inçeltmek to make thin içki-geÿim undergarments ikiÿyllyk two-year, for a two inçesagt thin (relevant to içlekli baked meat pie year period people) içlik baked meat pie ikuçly with two meanings, indeks r. index içliklik female underwear double entendre indemek to look for içmek I. to drink II. man's il people (someone) sheepskin coat il-gün people indermek to leap off içÿan scorpion il-halk people indi 1. now 2. next, ideal r. ideal ilat population following idediji watchful ilatly populous indiki next ideg 1. tending, care 2. ilçi ambassador indikile next time surveillance ilçihana embassy indoneziÿaly r. Indonesian ideg-sorag 1. search 2. ilde? countryman industrial r. industrial investigative, watchful ildirgiç 1. clothes peg 2. industriala?dyrmak r. to ideklemek to hold in hand, jewelry worn on the industrialize rein in forehead industriÿa r. industry idemek 1. to search for 2. ildirmek to hang indÿuk r. turkey to inform about ileri 1. to the front 2. the ine here you are ideologik r. ideological southeast ileri bolmak=to ine-gana calmly ideologiÿa r. ideology heal, get better inedördül fat man idetmek to grow ilerik 1. in the front 2. to iner male camel ideÿa r. idea the southeast infeksiÿa r. infection idili good, true ilerki forward infleksiÿon r. inflection idioma r. idiom ilerlegini 1. in the front 2. informasiÿa r. information idiomatik r. idiomatic to the southeast informasiÿon r. information idirdetmek to drive, force ilerlemek to move forward ini little brother forward, to shovel ile?ler people inisiatiwa r. initiative igde bot. igde ilginç salient, bold, dazzling injener r. engineer ige file (tool) ilik button injenerlik r. engineering igelemek to file ili?mek to hook injik shin igenç grumbling ilkag?am early evening injir fig igenjeñ grumbling, ilki first, initial inkär etmek to deny quarrelsome ilkibada from the first, inkubasion r. incubation igenjeñlik grumbling, initially inkubasiÿa r. incubation quarrelsome ilkiba?da from the start, inkubator r. incubator initially inli breadth Turkmen/English Dictionary 33 inmek to appear suddenly ispan Spanish izzildemek to moan, whine, insiz without breadth isrip bolmak to spoil (food) make a fuss inspeksiÿa r. inspection istrebitel terminator, inspektor r. inspector destroyer institut r. institute i? matter, affair, work instruksiÿa r. instruction i?bil high-heeled shoes instruktor r. instructor i?çi worker integral r. integral i?des colleague intelligent r. intelligent i?dä appetite i?däñiz açyk intenasional r. international bolsun=bon appetit internat r. boarding school i?dämen glutton interwal r. interval i?ek young sheep (2 years interwensiÿa r. intervention old) interwÿu r. interview i?eññir hard-working intizar bolmak to miss i?ger colleague someone i?gär colleague intonasiÿa r. intonation i?ik door inwalid r. invalid i?jeñ lover of work inwentor r. inventor i?jeñlik love of work iñ most (superlative) i?lemek to work iñirdemek to cause trouble i?leññir hardworking iñirdi cause i?letmek to make someone iñkis doubt work iñlemek to moan i?li busy iñlis English i?lik verb iñlisçe English language i?mek to knit iññe needle i?siz unemployed iññe needle i?sizlik unemployment iññebagjyk safety pin it I. dog II. a push iññän very italÿan Italian iññgildi to be lazy iteklemek to push iññildemek to whine itelemek to push iñrik dusk itermek to push iñrik garalmak to get dark ite?en rash ir early itigi pushy person ir-iÿmi? vegetable(s) itmek I. to push, shove II. irden morning itni?ik crush, squash irgin hesitation itni?mek to push & shove irginsiz without hesitation iÿdirmek to feed, cause to irgözin early morning dawn eat iri fine, small iÿermen glutton irinmek to be lazy iÿermenlik gluttony iriñ pus iÿilmek to catch hold of iriñlemek to become pus- iÿm feed, animal food like iÿmek to eat iriñli pus-like iÿmek-içmek food and iri?me hesitation, pause drink, to eat and drink irizmek to annoy iÿmi? fruit irki early, earlier iÿmit food, nourishment irkilmek to fall asleep iÿmitlendirmek 1. to feed irlandiÿaly Irish 2. to nourish irlemek to make fine, small iÿmitlenmek to be fed irmek to be tired iÿmlemek to feed irnik person who is difficult iÿul July to please iÿun June isleg boÿunça at will izolirlemek to separate isleg desire izolÿasion r. isolation islege laÿyk rational izolÿasiÿa r. isolation islemek to want izolÿator r. isolator islän any izwe?eniÿe information Turkmen/English Dictionary 34

jaÿtartmak to stand jägildemek to wail, cry (of (something) up a baby) J jaÿyrdamak to squeak (of a jägildi wailing shoe) jähek edging, border, hem jaÿyrdy squeak (made by a jähet point of view jabjynmak to snap at, shoe) jäjek 1. shard 2. sequin, attack jazyrdamak to hiss, sputter spangle, glitter jady magic jazyrdy hiss, sputtering jigi younger brother jadygöÿ magician, wizard jebir compulsion jiglemek to skip a beat jadylamak to cast a spell jebis boarded up, sealed jikjiki warbler (bird) jahan world tightly : gapyny jebis jikme-jik in great detail, jahyl ignorant, uneducated, ÿapmak = to board up a minutely inexperienced door jilt binding, jacket, cover jahyllyk ignorance jebisle?mek to seal tightly, jiltlemek to bind (a book) jakyrdamak to laugh to consolidate jiñkermek to stare at : Sen jakyrdy laughter jebislik unison, näme maña jiñkerip jala downpour, cloudburst, consolidation seredÿärsiñ? = Why are heavy rain jedel argument, debate you staring at me? jalbar pants jedel etmek to make a bet jir chintz, calico, printed jam I. bowl II. capsule jedelle?mek to argue cotton cloth jamal poet. visage, jedilli argumentative jisim 1. matter, mass 2. countenance jedirdemek to jabber, gab body jan 1. soul 2. life 3. jem 1. sum, total 2. all jogap answer individual 4. energy, jemagat the public jogap bermek to answer vitality 5. dear, dear one jemgyÿet society jogapkar responsible jan etmek to do one's best jemgyÿetçilik social jogapkärçilik responsibility jana-jan 1. cherished conscience, public- jogapkärli responsible janköer faithful, devoted mindedness jogapsyz 1. unanswerable janlandyrmak to refresh, jemlemek to sum up 2. without permission bring to life jemleÿji final jojuk piglet janlanmak to come to life, jenaÿat crime jojuklamak to farrow to revive jenaÿatcy criminal (noun) jokrama hot, sultry, burning janly 1. alive 2. lively, jenaÿatçylyk attack, jomart lavish, liberal active criminal act jomartlyk liberalness, jansyz 1. lifeless, dead 2. jenaÿatly criminal (adj) lavishness fig. spy jenaÿeakär attacker jontuk short, bob (of an janykmak to try jenjel noise, scandal, animal's tail) janypke? industrious, debauche jora friend (female to dedicated, hardworking jeññel jungle, forest, female) janypke?lik dedication wilderness jorap socks jañ bell jepa çekmek to suffer, bear jo?gun flood jañ etmek to telephone a burden jo?gunly flooded, gushing jaññyrdamak to ring jepa compulsion, burden jo?mak 1. to overflow, gush jar I. ravine, gulley II. jepake? hard-working 2. to be enthusiastic (about information jepake?lik love of hard work something) jarnama appeal, address jeren "jeren", gazelle-like joÿa irrigation ditch jaÿ I. building, dwelling II. animal indigenous to joÿalmak to irrigate right, correct, in place Turkmenistan jögi phony, fake, jaÿlama burial jerime fine, penalty hypocritical (usually of a jaÿlamak to hide, conceal, jerime salmak to fine person) bury jet in disagreement, not on jögülik hypocrisy jaÿla?dyrmak to house, good terms jöwenek hail make at home jetle?mek to quarrel, argue jöwza heat jaÿla?mak to be housed (with someone) juda incredibly, extremely jaÿla?ykly comfortable jetlik disagreement, bad jugurdamak to rumble jaÿryk crack, split, fissure feelings jul horse-cloth jaÿrylmak to crack, split jeza 1. punishment, penalty juwan youth, young people jaÿtarmak 1. to stick out, 2. retribution juwanlyk youth, stand out 2. to stand on jeza bermek to punish adolescence end jezalandyrmak to punish jübi pocket Turkmen/English Dictionary 35 jübüt even in number jülge valley jümle expression £ K jümmü? 1. depth 2. fig. heart, center jüm?üldemek to go numb, £anr r. genre kabina r. booth, cubicle tingle (i.e. of a person's £eton r. 1. token 2. medal kabinet r. private office; legs) £iraf r. giraffe study jüm?üldi tingling, "pins and £iwopis r. painting kabul etmek 1. to accept needles" (when a limb £onglÿor r. juggler kaçañ beautiful, handsome goes numb) £onglÿorlyk r. juggling kada rule jürletmek to whistle £urnal r. journal, magazine kadala?dyrmak to jürlewük n. whistle £urnalist r. journalist standardize jüründik spout (of a teapot) £ÿori r. jury kadaly adj. 1. normal 2. jüÿgüldemek to peep (of regular chicks) kadr I.r. personnel II. jüÿgüldy peep, squeak specialist jüÿje chick kafedra pulpit; rostrum jybar frosty, freezing kagyz paper jybarlamak to freeze, be kak 1. dried melon frosty kaka 1. father 2. jyda dü?mek to get better uncle(Balkan dialect) jygyldamak to squeak kakaba? ill-bred, ill- jygyldy squeak (i.e. of a mannered mouse) kakamak 1. to become dry jyklamak to peep at, spy 2. to dry; to become dry upon kakao r. cocoa jykyrdamak to laugh kakatmak to make dry jylaw reins kakly?mak to collide (head jylawlamak to rein in, hold on) back (something) kakmaç "kakmach", a jyn race, caste special quick-fried salty jynsparaz racist meat dish jynsparazlyk racism kakmak 1. to drive in; jyñkyny çykarmazlk to hammer in 2. to knock; keep quiet, not let a word rap 3. to shake off 4. to slip (about something) shake 5. to clap 6. to jyñkytmak to gulp down pack down (dirt, sand...) jyññyrdamak to call, ring kakyn fit, attack, seizure jyññyrdatmak to call up, kakynly adj. fitful, like a make a call seizure jyññyrdy ringing, bell, tone kalendar r. calendar jyzlamak to sizzle kaloriÿa r. calorie jyzyrdamak to fry, sizzle kaloriÿaly r. caloric jyzzyk crackling, sizzling kamera r. chamber kampaniÿa company kanagat 1. patience 2. satisfaction kanagatlanarlyk satisfactio n kanagatlandyrmak to satisfy; make someone content kanagatlanlarlykly satisfac tory kanagatlanlarlyksz unsatis factory kanagatlanmak to be satisfied kanagatly consistent kanal r. canal Turkmen/English Dictionary 36 kanalizasiÿa r. sewage katalog catalogue kemal : kemala gelmek = system kategoria category to mature, to become a kandidat r. candidate kater cutter; launch man kandidatly r. candidate katok r. skating rink kemally 1. honest, decent position kauçuk rubber 2. suitable, proper, kanikul r. vacation kaÿuta cabin; stateroom appropriate kanselÿariÿa r. office kaÿyl pleased with kembaha : kembaha kanun law kazak 1. Kazahk 2. garamak = to kanunla?dyrmak to Cossack underestimate legalize, legitimize kebap kebob; shish-kebob kemçilik shortage, scarcity kanunlylyk legality, kebaphana kebob kemelmek to decrease; legitimacy restaurant; cafe diminish; decline kanunsyz illegal, lawless, kebelek butterfly kemeltmek to reduce unlawful keb?ir n. welding kemençe music bow kanunsyzlyk lawlessness keb?irleÿli welder kemer strap kanuny 1. legal, legitimate kebze small shovel kemlik shortage; scarcity; 2. natural, logical keç 1. n. furrow 2. lack kanunylyk legality; stubborn, obstinate kemmek to reduce legitimacy keçde embroidery kempir old woman kañkamak to go for a walk, keçe felt kemput piece of candy to loiter, to drift (from place keçjal stubborn, obstinate kemsinmek to be offended to place) keçje 1. obtuse; stupid 2. kemsitmek to humiliate kapas stuffy, close wrong kemsiz irreproachable; kapasa 1. cage 2. counter, keçjelik stupidity, flawless shelf incoherence kemsiz-köstsüz flawless kapitalist r. capitalist keçlik stubborness; kenar coast kapitalistik r. capitalistic obstinacy kendir ? plant kapitalizm r. capitalism kejebe old Turkmen kendirik "kendirik", special kapitan r. captain gelinalyjy table cloth (oilcloth) for kapyr infidel kejir stubborn, obstinate making dough or sifting kapyÿa rhyme kekeç comb flour on kapyÿala?dyrmak to rhyme; kekirdek larynx kenep hemp to make something rhyme kekre wormwood kengir straining spoon; kapyÿala?mak to rhyme kel mangy skimmer (reflexive) kelçermek to show off kentilmek to wearth (of a karar I. 1. decision 2. kelek hornless (without rope) conclusion II. 1. patience horns) kepderi pigeon; dove 2. peace of mind kelem cabbage kepek siftings karara gelmek to make up kelep skein; hank (of kepemek to dry; become one's mind thread) dry karel adj. Karelian keleplemek to wind up kepgir large spoon-ladel to (nationality) kelesañ shiftless; good for cook palow karikatura r. cartoon nothing kepil bolmak to guarantee karkas frame, framework kelesañlyk dissoluteness kepillik guarantee karnawal carnival kellagyry adj. head (attrib.) ker deaf karta map kelle 1. head 2. mind kerç hunk; chunk kartoçka r. card kelleba?aÿak malfunction kerçemek to chop up karton cardboard kelleki bridle keremara quietly; silently karto?ka r. potatoes kellem cabbage kerep spiderweb; cobweb karz duty kelpeñ frivolous; flighty kereplemek to cover karzyna indebted to kelpeñlik flightiness oneself up kasam içmek to vow, take kelpeze lizard kerlik deafness an oath kelte short kerpiç r. brick kasam oath keltelmek to be shortened kert ledge kassa r. cashier's office; kelteltmek to shorten kertik cut; incision cashier's desk kem 1. defect, flaw 2. adv. kertmek 1. to cut slightly; kassir r. cashier not enough; insufficiently make an incision 2. to eat kast 1. revege, vengance kem-kemden gradually away 3. to leave 2. attempted assassination kemakyl feeble-minded (something) ka?gä if kerwen caravan Turkmen/English Dictionary 37 kes any; every keÿpine just so; simply so kilogram r. kilogram kesdirmek to wound; injure (for no particular reason) kilogramlyk r. adj. kese 1. horizontal 2. keÿtik adj. lame kilogram someone else's; other keÿtiklemek to hobble kilometr r. kilometer people's 3. side kezzap cheat; swindler kilt bolt; catch kesek lump kezzaplyk cheating kiltlemek to bolt; to hook keseki someone else's; kä 1. that 2. kabir the catch other people's käbir some kim who? keseklemek to throw; toss käbiri some; some people; kimin like kesel 1. illness; disease 2. certain people kinaÿa irony sick; ill kädi squash, pumpkin kinaÿaly ironic; ironical keseleÿin horizontally käemek to curse out; swear kine offense; insult keselhana hospital out kineli offended keseligine horizontally käkelemek to cluck kino r. film kesellemek to be ill käkilik partridge kinoteatr r. theater (film) keselli ill; sick kämahal sometimes kiosk r. kiosk keser "keser", a special kämil perfect kir mud knife used in carpet-making kämile?en perfect kireÿ rental kesewi poker (for a fire) kämille?dirmek to improve; kiriç 1. string of a musical kesgin 1. decisive; forceful; perfect; refine instrument 2. bowstring resolute 2. burning kämille?mek to improve kirlemek to get dirty kesgir sharp oneself kirletmek to soil; dirty; kesgitleme definition kämillik perfection stain kesgitlemek to define kämillik ÿa?y majority (18 kirli dirty, filthy, muddy kesgitli adj. definite years of age) kirpi 1. hedgehog 2. fig. kesgitnama definition kämillik ÿa?yna ÿetmek to crew-cut kesir stubborn; obstinate reach majority kirpik eyelash kesirlik stobborness; kän a lot, much kir?en dust obstinacy känelmek köpelmek kise pocket kesi?mek to cross (each kär profession kisel "kisel", a desert made other), to intersect kärde? colleague of fruit, berries, and potato kesmek I. 1. to cut 2. to kärende rental starch, served with milk cut in, interrupt II. scab kärende tölegi rent kislorod r. oxygen kesmeklemek to cover kärhana undertaking; kislota r. acid oneself up venture ki?de 1. dried apricots 2. kesp profession käse cup dried fruit ke?bi surface käselemek to cut ki?i person ke?delemek to embroider kä?ir carrot ki?mi? raisins ke?deli embroidered käte sometimes ki?ñemek to neigh ke?lemek to furrow kätmen hoe kit r. whale ke?leÿin furrowed kätmenlemek 1. to chop 2. kitap book ke?p 1. face 2. look, to hoe kitapça small book appearance käwagt sometimes kitaphana library ke?te embroidery käÿarym käte kitaphon book-lover, ke?te etmek to embroider käÿemek to scold bibliophile ketek bird-house (i.e. käÿiçmek to quarrel with kitapsöÿüji book-lover, chicken coop, hen coop, käÿinç 1. pronunciation 2. bibliophile pigeon loft) reproach; reproof; rebuke kitir tea-pot ketje stubborn, obstinate käÿinmek to complain kitirdetmek to crunch keÿigim (informal address kibirdemek to crunch kitirdewük crisp to women) Dear! Sweetie! kiçelmek 1. to decrease, kitüw slow to forgive, keÿik gazelle diminish 2. to shorten harboring resentment keÿkermek to behave kiçeltmek 1. to reduce 2. klas r. class (meaning oneself dashingly to shorten social class or class group, keÿkertmek to be alerted kiçi 1. small 2. underage, but not lesson) keÿp 1. general physical juvenile 3. adj. younger klasda? classmate and mental state 2. kiçigöwünli modest klassyk classical writer delight, pleasure kikirdemek to giggle klassyky classical keÿp çekmek to revel kilim "kilim" small kleÿonka r. oilcloth handmade carpet klinika r. clinic Turkmen/English Dictionary 38 klub r. club kompozitor r. composer kospektirlemek r. to klubnika r. strawberries kompres r. compress abstract; make an abstract knopka r. button; push komsomol r. 1. of button Komsomol, Communist kostÿor r. fire kodeks r. code (of law, Youth League 2. Young kostÿum r. suit principles) Communist kotlet r. chop; cutlet kofe r. coffee konditer r. pastry cook, kowalamak to drive (cattle) kofta r. woman's jacket pastry chef kowala?mak to drive (cattle) kokamak to stink konductor r. conductor (on kowalmak to chase, follow kolbasa r. sausage a train, bus, etc.) kowgy pursuit; chase kolhoz r. collective farm konferensiÿa r. conference kowmak 1. to drive on kolhozçi r. collective kongres r. congress (cattle) 2. to dismiss, fire, farmer konki r. horse discharge 3. to exile kolleksiÿa r. collection konkret r. adj. concrete, kowum-garanda? relatives kollektiw r. n. collective, specific köçe street team, group, body konkretle?dirmek r. to köçek a little camel koloniÿal r. colonial make specific, spell out köjemek to lace, to tie kolonka r. water- konkurs r. competition, kök 1. root 2. basting dispenser, water-pump contest köke cookie, biscut kolonna r. column, pillar konsert r. concert, recital köklemek I. 1. to baste 2. kolonoÿa r. colony konserw r. canned foods, to quilt II. to take pleasure komanda r. team canned goods in komandir r. commander konserwatiw r. adj. köl lake komandirlik r. position conservative kölege shade komandirowka r. konserwatoriÿa r. kölegli shady assignment, business-trip conservatory (for music) kömek n. help komandowanie r. konstitutsiÿa r. kömekçi assistant, helper command constitution kömekle?mek to help komanduÿyçiÿ r. konstruksiÿa r. kömelek mushroom commander construction; design kömür coal kombaÿn r. combine, konstuktor r. designer köne old harvester konsul r. consul köne-kü?ül old things, junk kombinat r. integrated konsulhana r. consulate köneçe as before; plant konsullyk r. consulate unchanged kombinezon r. overalls (consulary position) köneden adj. since olden komediÿa r. comedy konsultasiÿa r. times, since days of yore komendant r. consultation könelmek 1. to wear out, commandant kontinental r. continental be worn out 2. to wear out komissar r. commissar kontingent r. contingent all one's clothes komissiÿa r. commission; kontor r. office köneltmek to wear out (i.e. committee; board kontrol r. control clothing, machinery) komitet r. committe kontrollyk r. control köp 1. a lot, much, many kommunal r. public; kontrolÿor r. controller 2. often, frequently municipal konus r. geom. cone köp nokat elipses (...) kommunist r. communist konweÿer r. conveyor köpburçluk geom. polygon kommunizm r. kooperatiw r. cooperative köpçülik 1. mass, a lot of, communism kopiÿa r. copy a heap of 2. social komonawt r. cosmonaut, korabl r. ship köpçülikleÿin adj. mass astronaut koridor r. corridor, hall (as in "mass transit") kompas r. compass korpus r. body, trunk, köpden long ago kompleks r. complex torso köpek male dog, hound kompleksleÿin r. adj. kosekans r. mat. cosecant köpelmek to increase; grow complex, composite kosinus r. mat. cosine köpeltmek 1. to increase komplekt r. complete (of a kosmetika r. make-up, 2. to multiply set) cosmetics köpgranlyk geom. komplektlemek r. to kosmos r. outer space polyhedron complete (a set) kospekt r. synopsis; köplenç usually, generally, kompot r. "kompot", a outline; abstract ordinarily sweet drink made of boiled köplük a great number, a fruit, water, and sugar multitude Turkmen/English Dictionary 39 köpri bridge kub r. cube küteltmek to blunt; dull köptaraply multilateral kubok r. goblet küti thick köpük foam kuhnÿa kitchen kütülik thickness köpürjik foam, bubble kultiwator r. cultivator küÿ n. thought köpürjiklemek to froth, to kultiwatsiÿa r. cultivation küÿkermek to hunch one's foam kupe r. compartment (on a back; be hunched over kör blind train) küÿki hunchbacked körek unripened cotton bud kuplet r. verse, stanza küÿsemek to wish for; köremek to begin to burn kurort resort desire properly kurs r. course küÿze pitcher; jug körlük 1. blindness, kursant student küÿzegarlik potter's trade darkness 2. dimwit, kurtka r. (man's) jacket (craft) dummy kuwwat power, strength, kwadrat r. 1. square körpe young might (figure) 2. adj. square körük 1. bellows 2. ash-pit kuwwatlanmak 1. to kwadratura r. n. squaring (of a furnace) aquire, gain 2. to stand kwalifikasiÿa r. körzehin thick-headed, kuwwatly strong, powerful qualification dim-witted kuwwatlylyk strength, kwartal r. quarter; section kösemek to call, summon power (of a city) kösenmek to test, try out kuzow r. basket kwartira r. apartment kössek tripod küde stack kwas r. "kvass" a kösseklemek to hobble (a küdelemek to stack fermented drink made with horse) kükemek to be fragrant bread köst shortage, scarcity, lack kükrek chest kwitansiÿa r. receipt kösük pod kükürt 1. sulfur 2. match kybap accordance; kösükli leguminous, beany kül ashes conformity kö?e?nek to grow still, kül-owram (bolmak) to spit kybapda? corresponding become silent, calm down up kyn difficult kö?k palace kül-peekun etmek to kynçylyk difficulty kötel raising, lifting break; shatter; smash kynla?dyrmak to complicate köw hollow, glen, dell kül-u?ak to spit up kynla?mak to become köw salmak to look; peep külçe small bread made complicated (over, under, behind, etc...) from short pastry kynlyk difficulty köwek 1. removal, küldan ashtray kyrk forty extraction 2. cave, cavern küle (of a tail) short kyrkynjy fortieth köwlemek to dig külembibi little finger kyssa 1. prose 2. story 3. köwmek 1. to dig 2. to külke small; minute short poem make a hole in 3. to wash külkelemek to crush; grind kyssaçy writer away, erode küme hut; shack kysym look; appearance köwü? shoes kümü? silver köwü??i shoemaker kümü?lemek to silver; silver köÿdürmek to let plate something be wasted kündük special metallic köÿmek to burn up, be pitcher for washing burned up künjek corner köÿnek 1. shirt (male) 2. künji sesame dress (female) künnük silver jug for water köÿnekçe dressmaker kürek oar; paddle köz live coals, embers küreklemek to row; to krahmal r. starch paddle kran r. faucet, spigot, tap kürk brood hen kredit r. credit kürre young/little donkey krem r. cream kürsemek to burst into kreml r. Kremlin kürt kurd kreÿser r. cruiser kü?gürmek to sic ( a dog krizis r. crisis on) kros r. cross-country race kü?t chess krowat r. bed kü?t?i chess player kru£ok r. small circle, club, kütek dull; blunt group kütelmek to become dull Turkmen/English Dictionary 40

lenta ribbon leñkewut spider L lerzana gelmek to shudder M letde scrap lezzet pleasure la just, will you : Maña lezzetli 1. sweet; pleasing madda 1. matter; aÿtsañyz-la = Just tell me to taste 2. sweet; delightful substance 2. article laborant r. laboratory läbik I. slush II. muddy; maddy material worker; assistant troubled; poppy madyrdamak to talk; laboratoriÿa r. laboratory läle kakmak to sing the chatter labyr anchor "Läle Jana" (traditional magallaklamak to appear labyrdamak to blaze; flare Turkmen song) in the distance up; glow; burn läle poppy magaryf enlightenment, labyz 1. melody 2. lälezar meadow education melodiousness lälezarlyk meadow magaryfçy educator laçyn falcon lälik coddled; effeminate magazin r. shop lager r. camp läliklik effeminateness magdan ore lag?amak to collapse; fall läsh 1. corpse; body 2. magistral highway, into pieces carcass thoroughfare lak atmak 1. to start to läshermek to wallow maglumat report, message speak 2. to brush against lokga lump; clod magnit r. magnet lak bolmak to conceal; lokgalamak to crumple magnitofon r. tape keep secret lomaÿ söwda wholesale recorder lak r. lacquer lomaÿ wholesale magtamak to praise lakam nickname lomaÿlygyna wholesale magtanç praise lakgy talkative lomaylygyna satmak to magtanmak to brag, to lakgyldamak to chat sell wholesale boast laklamak to lacquer loñkuldamak to be afraid of mahal time lakyrdamak to seeth; lopbush chubby; plump mahanika r. mechanics bubble lorsuldamak fire mahlasy in a word; in short lakyrdy bubbling, gurgling lotereÿa r. lottery mahmal plush lal I. mute II. lowlamak to blaze; flare up mahrum devoid lallyk muteness lowurdamak 1. to shine; mahsus characteristic lampa moment; instant; glitter 2. to sparkle 3. to makala article (of twinkling blaze magazine) lampa r. lamp lowurdawuk brilliant maksat aim, purpose lampoçka r. lightbulb lowurdy 1. lustre; shine 2. maksatly having a specific landshaft r. landscape flame; blaze purpose lapykeç bolmak 1. to be lödere grounds; makul acceptable dispirited 2. to be sediment;thicket makulatura 1. pages disappointed lüñ basmak to do the spoiled in printing 2. lasyrdamak to brew; digest boundary strip rubbish laÿ I. 1. loam; clay 2. slush; lüñ border makullamak to approve of dirt; mud II. bir laÿ one lüÿk slush; mud mal cattle, livestock complete set lÿstra r. chandelier mal-mülk 1. property 2. fig. laÿyk appropriate lÿuk r. hatch (way) belongings laÿyk bolmak to conform lybas clothing mala harrow laÿyklyk proportion; lygyrdamak to gurgle malalamak to harrow accordance lygyrdy gurgle maldar animal breeder laÿyklyk-da in conformity lyzha r. ski; skiing maldarçylyk livestock with lyzhaçy r. skier breeding lebiz promise lyzhaly r. ski... maliÿe finance legen basin maliÿeleçdirmek to finance leji çykmak 1. to become mama 1. pox 2. small pox worn out 2. to become mamla right, correct fatigued manat Turkmen (and lejikmek to get tired Azerbaijanian) currency lejini çykarmak to wear out mandarin tangerine; lenç bolmak to be mandarin hackneyed; tritel; banal Turkmen/English Dictionary 41 maner 1. riding academy; ma??armak to become flat; mazmun maintenance; riding school 2. circus flatten out upkeep arena 3. playpen ma??artmak to flatten mazmuny content manÿowr r. maneuver ma?yn 1. machine 2. me used as English: "take many meaning automobile it!", "here!" manyly rich in content; mata cloth; fabric mebel furniture informative matal riddle; puzzle meçew bermek 1. to sic (a manysyz 1. having no matematika r. dog on somebody, meaning; senseless 2. mathematics something) 2. coll. to set pointless matematiki r. people against each other maña to me mathematical medal r. medal mañlaÿ 1. forehead; brow material r. material medeni cultural 2. frontal materialistik r. medeniÿet cultural, culture mañlaÿly 1. happy 2. materialistic medeniÿeti culture lucky; fortunate materializm r. materialism medeniÿetli cultural maral fallow deer materik continent; medisina r. medicine (the marçal r. marshall mainland science of) marka r. 1. postage stamp materiÿa r. 1. matter 2. meger used as English: "it 2. make, model; brand material, fabric can be" marksistik r. marxist matros r. sailor, seaman mehanik r. mechanic marksizm r. marxism mawlamak to meow mehanizasiÿa r. marksizm-leninizm r. mawut smooth woolen mechanization marxism-leninism cloth mehanizator r. specialist marmelad r. fruit jellies; mawy 1. light/sky blue in mechanization candy 2.pink mehanizm r. mechanism mart r. March mawzoleÿ r. mausoleum mehanizmleçdirmek r. to masçtab scale (of a map) maÿ 1. May 2. moment; mechanize masgara shameful instant mejal powers, strength masgarabaz jester maÿa 1. camel 2. leaven, mejbur etmek to enforce masgaralamak to disgrace ferment 3. n. fund mejbur forced masgarçylyk shame, maÿda small; minute mejbury compulsory disgrace maÿdal 1. moderate 2. mejlis conference maska r. 1. mask 2. guise temperate mekan 1. inhabited area, maskarad r. masquerade maÿdalamak to crush; place where people live 2. maslahat 1. advice, council grind edge; rim, brim 2. conference maÿka r. t-shirt mekdep school maslahatçy adviser maÿlamak to become mekgejöwen corn maslahatlaçmak to warm; warm up mekir sly, crafty consult; seek advice maÿmyn monkey; ape mekirlik cunning, guile maslahatlaçylyk coordinat maÿor r. major mel r. chalk ed, concerted maÿrylmak 1. to strain mele 1. pale; yellow, straw maslahatla?mak to confer oneself 2. to crack up; colored 2. beige maslyk dead body, corpse, break down melhem panacea cadaver maÿsa 1. field of grain 2. mellek yard; piece of land massa r. mass field of endeavor for individual use massa£ r. massage maÿyçgak 1. flexible 2. men I; me ma?gala family (can be supple men-menlik conceit used to refer to wife, wife maÿyçgaklyk flexibility menek spot, stain; blemish and husband, or entire maÿyl warm meniñçe used as English: family) maÿyllyk warm weather "In my opinion..."; "I ma?gala family, wife, maÿyp disabled person, think..." household invalid menÿu r. menu ma?galaly adj. family maÿyplyk disability menzil distance ma?inist r. machinist, maÿyrmak 1. to blow up 2. meñzeç similar mechanic to subvert meñzeçlik similarity, ma?inistka r. 1. (woman) maza pleasure likeness, resemblance mechanic 2. typist mazaly 1. calmly 2. meñzemek to resemble, to ma?inka r. machine pleasant look like ma?k exercise mazar grave meñze? similar, mazarçylyk cemetery resemblance Turkmen/English Dictionary 42 meñzetme comparison meÿdan 1. field 2. clearing minnetdarlyk gratitude, meñzetmet to liken (in the woods) appreciation merdana bravely, meÿdança ground, site; minomÿot r. mortar courageously area minus r. 1. minus sign 2. merdiwan 1. stairs; meÿil 1. interest 2. wish subzero, below zero (of stairway 2. ladder meÿillenmek to wish for, temperature) mergen exceptional hunter; desire minut r. minute marksman meÿit dead body, corpse, minutlyk r. 1. adj. minute mergenlik accuracy, cadaver 2. momentary marksmanship meÿletin voluntary miras 1. inheritance 2. mergi cholera meÿletinçi volunteer heritage merhum the deceased mäde stomach miras almak to inherit meridian r. meridian mähelle n. crowd mirasçy successor merkeleçdirmek to mähir love mis copper centralize mähirli adj. nice; pleasant; misli like; just as merkez center warm missiÿa r. mission merkezi central mähirsiz unpleasant, (assignment) mermer adj. marble disagreeable miting r. mass meeting, mert 1. brave, courageous mähnet huge, enormous; rally 2. manly tremendous miwe fruit mertebe 1. dignity 2. merit; mähri compassion miweçilik fruit growing (as virtue mähriban dear an agricultural practice) mertlerçe bravely, mäkäm strong, durable miwelemek to bear fruit courageously mäkämlemek to miweli adj. fruit, fruity mertlik courage strengthen, reinforce miÿesser to have occasion mes 1. gay, merry, cheerful mäkiÿan hen (to) 2. prosperous, affluent 3. mälemek to bleat mizemez unshakable, well fed, fat, plump 4. mälim known, definite unwaivering, steadfast fertile mämi?i orange mobilizasiÿa r. mese-mälim obviously märeke n. crowd mobilization mesele task mä? a little green pea-like mobilizlemek r. to meselem for example bean used to make soup mobilize mesge butter mä?e cock, hammer (of a moda r. fashion, style mesgen dwelling, abode; firearm) model r. model living quarters mätäç bolmak to need molamak to moo; bellow mesi boots (Turkmen mätäç needy moldowan Moldovan traditional) mätäçlik need (implies dire molekula molecule meslik 1. gaiety, need) molekulÿar molecular cheerfulness 2. prosperity, mäz gland molla mullah affluence mikrob r. microbe; germ monça bolmak to be glad, me?gul busy; occupied mikrofon r. microphone happy; to rejoice me?gullanmak to be mikroscop r. microscope mongol Mongol occupied (with); to be milisioner r. policeman monjugatdy Turkmen engaged (in) milisiÿa r. the police, national game for girls only me?hur celebrated; famous militia played during the Muslim me?hurlyk fame millet nation, nationality New Year metal r. metal milli national monjuk 1. beads 2. metallurgiÿa r. metallurgy milliard r. billion (in necklace metbugat 1. seal; stamp 2. American English), milliard monta¡ r. assembly; the press, news media (British English) installation metjit mosque millimetr r. millimeter montÿor r. fitter metod r. method million r. million monument r. monument metodik r. methodical milt dare monumental r. metodika r. methods milt etmek to dare monumental metodist r. methodist (one mineral r. mineral moral r. morals; morality who is skilled in ministr r. minister mordwin r. Mordrin (an methodologies) ministrlik r. ministry ethnicity of Central Europe metr r. meter minnetdar grateful, and Russia) metro r. subway appreciative moro¡ny r. ice-cream metropoliten r. subway motor r. motor, engine Turkmen/English Dictionary 43 motosikl r. motorcyle münmek 1. to mount, mynçgamak to knead; work moÿmuldamak to waddle board, get on 2. to ascend (i.e. clay, leather) möçber volume müñ thousand mynjyramak to break into möhlet 1. term of office 2. müñküldemek to tremble, pieces, shatter period of time; in a short shiver, shake mynjyratmak to smash, time müñkür insecure, self- shatter möhletli urgent; pressing doubting myrat wish; desire möhüm 1. important 2. müñkürlenmek to doubt, to myrtar bad, poor necessary, essential have doubts mysal example möjek 1. insect, bug 2. müñkürlik n. doubt mysal üçin for example wolf mürçük wrinkled mysala appearance; mölerilmek to glare, to mürepbe n. jam (as in exterior stare jelly) myssarmak 1.to lower, let mölertmek to stare wide- mürrelmek to become down 2. to wilt; wither eyed wrinkled myssyk 1. faded or mön naive mürrük wrinkled withered 2. soft; mild; möññürmek to roar müÿn consciousness gentle mör-möjek insects müÿnli guilty, at fault, to my?-my? rumors, talk möwç almak to spread blame terror; to rage; to wreak müÿnürgemek to feel havoc uneasy, self-couscious, möwkemek to rage awkward möwrit time müzzermek to turn sour möwsüm season myçmak 1. to miss, fly möÿ spider past(a target) 2. to race, muçakgat difficulty speed along muçdak admirer, devotee mydama always mugallym teacher mydamalaÿyn forever, for mugallyma teacher good (female) mydar 1. strength 2. life mugt free (of charge) myh nail (metal) mukaddes sacred, holy myhman 1. guest 2. mukam melody foreigner mukdar quantity; amount; myhmanhana 1. hotel 2. number guest room; receiving mum wax room mundan öñ ago, before myhmansöÿer hospitable murt moustache myhmansöÿerlik hospitalit murtly moustached, with a y big moustache myjabat n. slander, libel musulman Moslem, myjjarmak° to become soft, Muslim flabby muzeÿ r. museum myjjyk° soaked mübärek congratulation mylakat friendliness, müçderi client; customer affability müçgil difficult, hard mylakatly open-hearted; müdir manager (of), head amiable, affable (of) mylaÿym 1. warm 2. mümkin 1. possible 2. pleasant, nice 3. used as the english "may" polyester; rayon or "can": Çilim çekmek mylaÿymlyk pleasantness mümkinmi? = Can I mylkarmak to become smoke? Is it permissible overripe to smoke? mynasybetli 1. devoted to mümkinçilik etmek to 2. dedicated (i.e. a book enable dedicated to someone) mümkinçilik possibility, mynasyp bolmak to chance deserve mümkingadar as far as mynasyp worthy (of), possible deserving (of) Turkmen/English Dictionary 44

narÿad 1. order; warrant 2. ne?ir issuance, duty promulgation N nas green powder used like ne?irÿat publishing house chewing tobacco ne?irÿatçy publisher nasos n. pump netije 1. result 2. na emphatic suffix naturalist r. naturalist conclusion nabat sweet naw log netijede consequently naçalinik r. chief; head, naÿça ovary netijeli effective; successful boss naÿçalamak to form netijelilik effectiveness nadan ignorant naÿynjar 1. pitiful, pathetic netijesiz ineffective; nadanlyk ignorance 2. plaintive, mournful unsuccessful nadara scandalous naÿynsap unscrupulous; näbelet unfamiliar, nadaralyk scandal unconscionable unknown nadyl offended naÿza bayonet näbeletçilik unfamiliarity nadyllyk offence; insult naÿzalamak to prick; stab näbeletlik unfamiliarity nagt available, on hand nazar look, glance; view, näbelli unknown nagy? 1. n. ornamental sight näbileÿin unable to be design; decorative pattern nazarkerde adj. known, unknowable 2. adj. intricate representative näçe how much? nagy? çekmek to embroider ne negative particle näçelik of what number? nagy?lamak 1. to decorate; nebere relatives näçenji which? what embellish; adorn 2. to nebis profit; advantage; number? embroider gain näden how much? nah adj. cotton nebisjeñ adj. mercenary nädogry wrong, incorrect nahal seedling, sapling nebisjeñlik self-interest; nägile dissatisfied; nahar 1. meal 2. food mercantilism discontented; displeased naharhana 1. cafeteria, nebit 1. oil, petroleum 2. nägilelik dissatifaction; dining hall 2. dining room kerosene discontent; displeasure naharlamak 1. to feed 2. to nebitçi oil worker nähak vain, futile nurse, suckle nebitli adj. containing oil nähili 1. how? 2. what nakyl proverb nebsewür adj. mercenary kind? what sort? nal horseshoe nebsewürlik self-interest; näho? unhealthy, not well nala 1. n. groan, moan 2. mercantilism näho?lamak to become ill complaint negr r. dark-skinned näho?lyk illness nalaç 1. forced, under person nälaÿyk unworthy duress 2. unintentionally, nejat going out; coming out; nälet curse; damnation, unwillingly emergence perdition nalajedeÿin clumsy, inept nejis 1. adj. foul, nasty 2. näletlemek to curse, to nalamak 1. to forge 2. to n. scoundrel damn stuff, fill, cram nem 1. moisture 2. mucus näme üçin why nalamak 1. to groan; moan nemes German näme what? 2. to complain (about) 3. nemjiremek to be covered nämede bolsa bir to lament with mist zat anything naly? complaint nemlenmek to be nämälim unknown naly?ly plaintive, mournful dampened närazy dissatisfied namart coward, cowardly nemli 1. humid; moist; närazyçylyk wail, scream, namartlamak to be a damp 2. slimy outcry coward; be afraid; get cold neneñ which? what? närazylyk dissatisfaction feet neneñsi which? what? näsag bolmak to be ill namartlyk cowardice nepis elegant; graceful näsag unhealthy, ill, sick namaz prayer nepislik elegance; grace näsaglamak to become ill namys 1. self-worth; nerw r. nerve näsaglyk illness conscience 2. shame; nesibe fate, destiny nätany? unknown sense of shame nesihat precept nätany?lyk ignorance namysjañ dignity nesil 1. generation 2. nätmek what to do? nan bread descendants, posterity nätüÿsli 1. how? 2. what nar pomegranite nesÿe duty kind? what sort? narpyz mint ne?ir ediji publisher näwagt when narpyzly adj. mint, minty ne?ir etmek to publish näz 1. coquetry; flirting 2. whim; caprice Turkmen/English Dictionary 45 näzenin beautiful women; a ny?an 1. mark, sign 2. sign beauty 3. badge näzik 1. tender; gentle; ny?ana target; mark O delicate 2. thin ny?analamak to take aim näzirgemek 1. to flirt 2. to nyzam 1. formation 2. be capricious marching oba hojalygy agriculture näzli coquettish; flirtatious oba village nika marriage obaçylyk territory where nikala?mak to marry there are villages nil trunk (of a tree) obada? people from the nire where? what place? same village nirede where obaly persons from village niÿet intention (attrib.) niÿetlemek to mean; oblast province intend; design (for) obraz hero (fictional) nobat n. queue, turn-taking oburmak to erode nobat tutmak to queue up oburylmak to be eroded nobatçy adj. on duty obÿekt r. 1. object 2. nobatçylyk n. duty building site nobatdaky next; immediate obÿektiw r. objective; at hand unbiased nobatky next; immediate at oçerk essay; sketch hand oçko point (in a game) nogaÿ Nogai (ethnicity of odekolon r. cologne the Caucuses) odeÿal r. blanket nogsan ? odun wood nogta halter (for a horse) ofiser r. officer nogtalamak to bridle a ofiserlik officer's mess horse ofisian r. waiter nohut peas oglan boy nokat 1. dot 2. peroid oglan-uçak little children (punctuation) oglanlyk childhood nokatma-nokat exactly ogramak to thieve nol r. zero; naught ogrulyk theft nomer r. number ogry thief nomerlemek r. to number ogryn secret norma r. norm; standard ogrynça imperceptibly; normal r. normal insensibly nosil??ik r. porter og?amak to kiss nota r. note (musical); note og?a?mak to kiss eachother (diplomatic) ogul son; boy notarius r. notary ogul-gyz boys and girls notorial r. adj. notary ogulhajat ring finger (attribute) ogullyk adopted child noÿabr r. November ogurlamak to steal noÿba kidney beans ogurlyk theft nukdaÿnazar point of view ogu?ÿa to be found (to be); nur ray; beam to turn out (to be) nurana good looking; ojak 1. hearth 2. center; handsome seat (of war) nurbat screw ojar haloxylon nusga 1. sample; specimen ok 1. arrow 2. axis 2. copy 3. example ok-dari ammunition nyglamak to underline okamak to read, study nygtamak to emphasize okatmak to teach nyrh price, fee okdurylmak to dash; dart nyrhlamak to appraise; okean r. ocean evaluate; assess okgunly rapidly; swiftly; nysan almak to take aim promptly nysan symbol/aim okkupasiÿa r. occupation Turkmen/English Dictionary 46 okkupirlemek to occupy oñu?mak to be compatible otnositel relative oklamak 1. to toss 2. to opera r. opera otno?enie r. attitudes load; charge operasiÿa r. operation otrisatel negative oklaw rolling pin opmak broken (used for otrÿad detachment oklukirpi porcupine large things) otur comma oktÿabr October opurmak to destroy oturgyç chair okudyjy teacher opurylmak to be destroyed oturmak sit okuma whitlow opuryly?yk disruption; oturtmak to plant okuw studies frustration oturyly?yk meeting; party okuwçy pupil orak sickle oturymly local okuwly educated orakçy sickler otuz thirty okyjy person who reads at oramak cover otuzynjy thirtieth the library orbita r. orbit owadan beautiful ol she, he, it orbital r. orbital owadanlamak to make olar they orden order; decoration beautiful olimpiada r. olympiad ordenli decorated person owadanlanmak to be olja trophies; spoils (of war) orfografik r. orthographic beautified olluk possessive orfografiÿa r. orthography; owadanlyk beauty olrug region spelling owarra "go away!" "go far!" oltañ sole of a shoe organ r, organ (biol.) owarram "to hell with it!" olum ford; passage; organik r. organic owaz sound crossing organizm r. organism owaza 1. absolute pitch 2. omurmak to break orkestr r. orchestra rumour; hearsay ormak to reap owazlanmak to be heard omuz shoulder orna?dyrmak to inculcate owgan of Afghanistan omzamak to emphasize; to orna?mak to work out; to owkalamak to massage; to stress settle down; to get fixed up work up on ten orna?ykly comfortably owlak baby goat onçakly not very ors Russian owlaklamak to give birth to onda then; so orsça Russian language a goat ondan hem ba?ga in orsÿet Russia owmak to crumble addition to; besides orta center; middle ownamak to become small ongunlyk ten days ortaçal average ownatmak 1. to make smal onluk ten (noun) ortak participle 2. to change money ( to onsoñ so then ortaky middle (adj.) break a bill) onunjy tenth ortanjy middle (adj.) ownuk little ; small onÿyllyk ten years orun place ownukçyl petty; trifling onyança while; for the time orunbasar deputy owranmak to crumble being orunbasary understudy owratmak to make oñ success orunly local something crumble oñarmak to cope; deal; osetin nationality owuç a handful manage oslagsyz unexpected owuntyk crumb oñat good oslamak to expect owurt gulp oñatlandyrmak to make osmak to suppose oÿ idea; thought something better ot 1. grass 2. fire oÿ-pikir serious ideas; deep oñatla?mak to become ot- çöp twigs thoughts better ot- iÿm feed oÿa awake oñaÿly favorable; propitious otag room oÿaly-ukuly half asleep; oñaÿsyz unfavorable; not otamak to destroy (crops) dozing propitious otarmak to feed grass (to oÿanmak to wake up oñlamak to agree cows etc.) oÿarmak to awaken; call oñluk well-being; prosperity otctawka r. dismissal oÿkamak 1. to rub 2. to oñly good otkrytka r. postcard grate; grind oñmak to be satisfied otlamak 1. to eat grass 2. oÿkanjyramak to fidget oññut conditions to burn oÿkanmak to rub oneself oñ?uk peace otliçnik r. person at the top oÿlamak to suppose oñ?ukly peaceful otliçno r. excellent oÿlamazdan at random oñ?uksyz not peaceful otluçöp match oÿlanma consideration oñ?uksyzluk unrest otluk grassy area oÿlanmak to reason; oñurga spine otly train debate Turkmen/English Dictionary 47 oÿlany?ykly well thought öñ 1. in the past 2. in the out; considered front oÿlany?yksyz not well Ö öñ 1. ago, past 2. front thought out öñdelik first place oÿlap tapmak to invent öñden from many years oÿlap tapyjy inventor öç vengeance ago, from time immemorial oÿlyk oasis öçen extinct öñinçä earlier, before oÿmak 1. thimble 2. v. to öçgün matted, dull öñki previous, former hollow; chisel; gouge öçmek to extinguish öñkülik previous situation oÿnamak to play öçügsi matt, dull öññil year before last oÿnatgy laughing stock; öçürmek to put out, to turn öññin day before yesterday butt of a joke down (a fire or light) öñünde in front of oÿnawaç toy öçürmek to switch off öñürdiklemek to gallop oÿtak naturally formed ödek oesophagus; gullet öñürti before, at first bakja ödemek to vindicate öñürtmek to be the first, to oÿun game öermek to marry a man to leave behind oÿunçy player someone else öñüsyra before oÿunjak toy ögemek to vomit öpmek to kiss ozal before öjükdirmek to stir up öpüçmek to kiss each other ozaldan a long time in the against öpü? kiss past; from time öjükmek to become ör to get up immemorial furious; to get mad ördek duck ozallar a long time ago ökde able; skillful örän very ozalynda at the very ökdelemek to be able; örgün eruption, rash beginning capable örgünli typhys, spotted ozmak to overtake ökje heel fever ökünç regret; sorrow öri pasture ökünmek to pity; to regret örk leash öküz bull örklemek to tie, to leash, to öl wet fasten ölçeg size, measure örküç hump ölçemek to measure örmek 1. to knit 2. to braid ölçeÿi? measurement 3. to break out (in a rash) öldürmek to kill örtmek to cover öli dead örüzmek to wake someone ölinça until one dies; all up one's life ösdürmek to grow, öljermek to become wet cultivate öllemek to wet ösgün long ölmek to die ösmek to grow, develop ölmez-ÿitmez immortal; össürim fourteen timeless ösümlik n. plant öl?ermek to cogitate, think ösü? growth, development hard about something öt bile, gall öl?ük slaughter, butchery öte very ölüm death ötegçi passerby ölüm derejesi death rate ötelge passage ölüm-ÿitim deaths ötelgesi mountain passage ömür life öten last ömürlik lifelong, for life ötgür sharp öndürijilik productivity, ötmek 1. to cross, to go output through 2. to burn öndürmek to produce ötri therefore, that's why önmek 1. to be born 2. to ötunmenk to apologize grow up, mature 3. to ötünç apology produce ötünç soramak toapologize önüm product ötürmek to put through a önümcilik production hole, to thread önüp-ösmek to grow up öweç a lamb two years of age Turkmen/English Dictionary 48

öwelmek to gape öz-özünden to occur öweÿ step- (mother, father), without help adopted özara between two people, P öwez compensation mutual öwgi praise özba?dak independent öwgn praise özba?daklyk independence, paçak peel, rind öwlüÿa cemetery self-rule pagta cotton öwmek to compliment; özba?yña wilfullness pahna wedge praise özbek Uzbek pahyr wretch öwre 1. times 2. round özbolu?ly original; pajalamak to prosper, öwrendekli 1. habit 2. distinctive; peculiar thrive chronic özelenmek to pray; plead; pak empty öwreni?dirmek to beg paket r. packet familiarize özen- nucleus; core pakgarçak blister, bump öwreni?mek to get used to; özge another pakgarmak to swell become accustomed özgeri? change; something pakyrdamak to laugh öwrenje novice; amateur new loudly öwrenmek to learn özgeri?lik changes; pal yawn öwretmek to teach, instruct alterations palak rotten öwrülip in the future; from özgermek to be altered or palan r. horsecloth now on; henceforth changed palas r. thin rug öwrüli?ik overturn; özgertmek to alter; change palata r. chamber (of revolution ; vary Parliment) öwrülmek 1. turn oneself özle?dirmek to cope; palatka r. tent over 2. to return assimilate; master palçyk mud, clay öwrüm n. turn özluk gram. passive palçykyldamak to make öw?ün öwü?gin özmek to repay a debt muddy öwülÿä graveyard özüm myself pallamak to yawn öwünjeñ braggard özüni alyp bary? behavior, palta axe öwünjeñlik boasting conduct paltalamak to chop with an öwünmek to boast; brag özüñe çekmek to attract axe öwürmek to turn palto r. overcoat something pamyk absorbant cotton öwüsgin breeze panorama r. panorama öwüsmek to blow pansion r. pension öwü?gin brilliance; shine panys torch, flashlight öwüt-nesihat advisors pañkelle fool öÿ hojalykçy homemaker pañlamak to brag öÿ house; home papak cap öÿ-i?ik family house papiros r. Russian öÿjük nest cigarette öÿke offence; injury papka r. folder öÿke-kine injuries; offences para bribe öÿkelek touchy; sensitive parahat peace öÿkelemek to be offended; parahatçylyk peace take offence parahatlanmak to make öÿkeli offended; hurt peaceful öÿken lung parahatlyk peace öÿkünmek to imitate, to parahor briber mimic paramak 1. to reveal öÿle afternoon oneself 2. to crack öÿle/öÿlän afternoon parasat wisdom öÿlendirmek to marry a parça scrap man to someone else parçalamak to scrap öÿlenmek to get married parh difference (for a man only) parhlandyrmak to öÿlän afternoon differentiate öÿtmek to suppose, to think parhly bolmak to öz himself; herself distinguish öz kelle self-centered parhly distinctive Turkmen/English Dictionary 49 parhsyz indifferent pena covering, defense petretmek to stare park r. park penalamak to defend, peÿa r. landscape parkyldamak to plumpen, shelter peÿda bolmak to emerge fatten penalanmak to defend peÿda n. use parkyldy fattened oneself peÿdalanmak to make parlak sunshine, radiance penje 1. tassle 2. paw oneself useful parlamak to radiate penjek coat, jacket peÿdaly useful parran throughout, through penjelemek 1. to snatch 2. peÿdasyz useless and through to fight, scuffle peÿnir cheese parta r. desk penjire window peÿwagtna 1. in one's way partisan r. partisan pensiÿa r. pension 2. idle, aimless partiÿa r. party (political) pen?enbe Wednesday peÿwent etmek 1. to partladyjy fuse pent 1. lecture 2. inoculate 2. to graft partlama explosion admonition päendeki "paendeky", a partlamak to explode per feather winter melon pasport r. passport perbaÿsyz indifferent pähim reason passiw r. passive perde 1. curtain 2. pähimli reasonable pasyl season membrane 3. action, päk pure, clean, clear pasyrdamak 1. to soar 2. activity päki razor to wave peresadka r. päkize clean pasyrdyr fluctuation transplantation päkizelik cleanliness pa? exposure perewod r. translation päklik honesty pa?mak 1. to realize 2. perhaÿlyk indifference päl intention anat. sole (of foot) perik spinning wheel pälwan fighter, hero pata blessing peri?an bolmak to be upset päsgel bermek to bother patlamak to hit, strike peri?de angel päsgelçilik obstacles patrak fried corn perizat beautiful woman pianino r. piano patydyr stamping pero r. feather pianist r. pianist paty?a kind perron r. platform pida sacrifice paÿ r. portion pers-ala shot up, wounded pide haydust paÿa r. by portions persona£h r. personage pijama r. pajamas paÿawlamak to finish personal r. personal pikerde? like-minded paÿçy shareholder perspektiv r. perspective pikir 1. thought, idea, paÿdyrmak to trample pert firm opinion 2. intention, paÿhas wisdom pes 1. short, low 2. purpose paÿhasly wise undistinguished pikir etmek to think paÿlamak to divide peseletmek to decrease pikirlenmek to think paÿlanmak to be divided peseltme reduction pil I. elephant II. shovel paÿlas?mak to divide peseltmek to reduce pilçe shoulder blade paÿtagt capital pesinden a little at a time pile cocoon paÿy? abusive peslemek to decrease pilot r. pilot paza ploughshare peslik n. decrease pilotka r. female pilot pazyl feathers, lashes pessaÿlamak to land an pionir r. pioneer peç etmek to bake airplane pionirlyk r. pioneer days peçat r. seal, stamp pe?ehorda sore, ulcer pirim trick, strategem, peçatlamak to seal, stamp pe?e? gift artifice peçek zool. field loach pe?ew urine pirog r. cake (fish) pet 1. bravery 2. starch piro£ny r. little cakes peçenÿe r. cookies petde pack, small stack pis 1. bad 2. suffering pedal r. pedal pete-pet face to face pisint oturmak to like pedelemek to package petek anat. inner sole pislemek to go bad pekge dunce, dolt peteke crop pisse pistachio pel border peteñ etmek to be tired, fed pistolet r. pistol pel çekmek to demarcate up with pi?ek crutch pelle finish petilemek to lock pi?ik cat pellehana finish petir r. unleavened bread pi?me r. fried bread pelte wick peti? stuffy, sultry piti pot peltek mispronunciation peti?lik stuffiness pitiki n. crack pelteklemek to petle r. loop, stitch mispronounce petlemek to stitch up Turkmen/English Dictionary 50 pitikilemek 1. to click one's polÿus r. pole, terminal prokuror r. public tongue 2. to snap one's pomidor r. tomato prosecutor fingers populÿar r. popular proletariat r. proletariat pitirdemek 1. to vomit 2. poro?ak r. powder proletor r. proletarian to crawl away porsy stench, stink propaganda r. propoganda pitne mutiny, rebellion porsyn r. bed sheet propagandirlemek r. to pitnesi rebel por?en r. portion propagate piwa r. beer port 1. brittle, frail, fragile 2. propusk r. omission, plakat r. poster, placard r. port blank, absence plan r. plan portfel r. briefcase prospekt r. avenue plana?dyrmak r. to plan portret r. portrait protest r. protest planeta r. planet portsiÿa r. portion protez r. artificial limb planetara r. between portugal r. Portugal protokol r. protocol planets pos rust protsent r. percent planly r. planned posly rusty protses r. process planlyk r. planning possun fur (coat) prowlenie r. 1. government plastilin r. plasticine post r. 1. post 2. fast 2. management, board, plastinka r. vinyl record (religious) administration pla? r. raincoat posulka r. parcel prowodnik r. guide, platforma r. platform posÿolok r. settlement conductor pleÿonka r. film, roll of film potolok r. ceiling prowokatsiÿa r. plita r. 1. slab 2. stove, potratçylyk contract provocation range potratlaÿyn piece (of work) proÿekt r. project, plan plomwa r. filling (for a powest r. story proÿektirlemek to project tooth) powestka r. summons proza r. prose plomwalamak r. to seal, pozitsiÿa r. position prozaçi r. prose writer fill in pökgi 1. ball 2. chubby, pru£in r. spring, source plug r. plow plump puç empty, hollow plÿa£ r. beach pökremek to swell pudak branch, twig plÿus r. plus pökretmek to inflate pudaklamak to branch out poçerk r. hand-writing praktika r. practice pugta 1. firm, solid, long- poçta mail, post predmet r. object lasting, durable 2. serious poçtalon r. mailman premera r. premier pugtalandurmak 1. to podo? r. anat. sole prentsip r. principle consolidate 2. to stabilize podpole r. n. underground preparat r. preparation pugtalyk firmness podpoleçnyÿ r. adj. pres-konferentisiÿa r. pukara n. poor underground press conference pukaralyk poverty podrazdelenie r. preslemek to press pul money subdivision prezent child, baby pulemÿot r. machine gun podwal r. cellar, basement prezi queen (in chess) punkt r. 1. station, place podÿezd r. 1. driveway, prezident r. president 2. point, item entrance 2. porch prezidium r. presidium punktuatsiÿa punctuation poema r. poem printsipal r. of principle pursat time, moment poeztik r. poetic pristan r. pier, quay pu?man etmek to regret, pogon r. shoulder strap pristawka r. prefix pity pokry?ka r. cover, lid priz r. prize pu?man getermek to pol r. 1. floor 2. half 3. problema r. problem compel sex professional r. pu?man regret, pity pola£hitel r. affirmative professional putÿowka r. pass, permit polat steel professor r. professor pür crown poliklinika r. polyclinic profsoÿuz r. trade union pürepür overcrowded, politeknika r. polytechnic prognoz r. prognosis overflowing polk r. 1. regiment 2. shelf programa r. program pürepürlemek to overfill polkownik r. colonel progres r. progress pürkmek splash, shuffle, pollamak 1. to lay, spread progressiw r. progressive sprinkle 2. to pave progul etmek to shirk pürs 1. hollow 2. beam polotenste r. towel progul truancy pÿan drunk polotno r. linen projhektor r. searchlight pÿure r. puree polÿak r. Pole prokuratura r. office of the pyçak knife, blade polÿar r. polar public prosecutor pyçaklamak to knife, stab Turkmen/English Dictionary 51 pyçgy saw reaksiÿa r. reaction pygamber prophet reaktiw r. reactive pygyl intention, design, R real r. real purpose realistik r. realistic pykyrdamak 1. to seethe realizm r. realism 2. to chuckle, giggle radio r. radio redaksion r. editing pylan a certain, some radionpryomnik r. redaksiÿa r. editorial staff pylança a certain (time, receiving set redaktirlemek r. to edit amount) radiostantsiÿa r. radio redaktor r. editor pylçamak to crack, strike station redaktorlyk r. editorship pyntyk 1. bud 2. kidney radiouzel r. radio center rediska r. radish pyntyklamak 1. to enlist, radist r. radio operator reforma r. reform recruit 2. to dial radius r. radius regbi r. rugby (telephone) rahat 1. peace 2. peaceful; regbiçi r. rugby player pyñkyrmak to leap quiet registrasiÿa r. registration pyrlamak 1. to twist, twirl rahat peaceful registratura r. registry 2. to roll up rahatlanmak to calm down; registrirlemek r. to pyrlanmak to twist oneself subside; become quiet register pyssarmak 1. to wither, rahatlyk rest; repose; peace regulirlemek r. to regulate fade 2. to give up hope rahatsyzlandyrmak to regulÿar r. regular py?baga turtle alarm; disquiet; disturb rehim pity, compassion py?dyl turtle rahatsyzlanmak to be rehimdar generous, py?yrdamak to whisper upset; anxious; alarmed compassionate, sorrowful py?yrdy whisper raketa r. rocket rehimli generous, pytramak 1. to crumble 2. raport r. raport compassionate, sorrowful to disperse rasçÿot r. calculation; rehimsiz ruthless, pyÿada by foot estimation; settlement of heartless, soulless pyÿadalamak to go by foot accounts reje 1. sign, feature, pyÿalu?ka little cup raspisaniÿe r. schedule characteristic 2. order, pyzmak to hurl, fling ratsionaçylyk r. rationality way, conditions ratsionalizator rationalist rejelemek to bring, lead, raund r. round (of a result in competition) rejeli accurate, punctual, raÿat nationality; citizenship neat, tidy raÿat- bolmak to become a reklama r. advertisement citizen rekomendasiÿa r. raÿda? someone in recommendation sympathy with others rekord r. record raÿda?lyk solidarity rektor r. president, rector, raÿon r. region chancellor razrÿad r. category; class rektorlyk r. rectorship razwedka r. 1. geol, rels r. rails, track prospecting 2. remont r. repair(s) reconnaissance party 3. secret service rende plane razwedkaçy r. 1. scout 2. rendelemek to plane secret service officer, rentgen r. X-ray(s) intelligence officer reñbe-reñ multi-colored razÿlyk 1. contentment ; reñk 1. paint 2. color satisfaction 2. agreement reñklemek to paint, color razy 1. content ; satisfied 2. reñkli colorful, colored agreeable repetisiÿa r. rehearsal razy replika r. replica bolmazlyk disagreement resmi official, formal razy in agreement with resmile?dirmek to form, razyla?mak 1. to make an shape, legalize agreement 2. to forgive 3. to reconcile respublika r. republic razyla?mak to agree respublikan r. republican razylyk harmony restoran r. restaurant reaksion r. reactionary resurs r. resource Turkmen/English Dictionary 52 ret etmek to deflect, saklanan second-hand dissuade, reject saklanmak to restrain one's retsept r. recipe S self rewolÿusion r. saklaÿy? upkeep, revolutionary maintenence rewolÿusiÿa r. revolution sabamak 1. to diminish 2. sakydamak to tweet reÿs r. flight, voyage, trip to release, to get rid of 3. sakyrdama!=shut up! rezerw r. reserve(s) to be empty sakynmak to stutter rezhim r. regime sabyn soap sakyrtga skin burrowing rezhissÿor r. stage sabynlamak to wash with animal, chigger manager soap sal raft rezin r. rubber sabyr et "God bless you" sala advice rezolÿusiÿa r. resolution (said after a sneeze) salam hi rähnet 1. well-being 2. sabyr patience salamla?mak to greet, say bliss sabyrly patient "hi" rähnetli blissful sabyrlylyk patience salat r. salad rifma r. rhyme saç hair salawmaleÿkim may peace rol r. part, role saç örümi braid, plait be upon you rolik r. roller sada 1. simple 2. sincere saldamly heavy, ponderous rom r. rhombus sadalyk simplicity salfetka r. napkin roman r. novel sadap button salgamak to wave, flap rota r. company sag aman safely salgy atmak to find out rowa bolmak to be worthy sag I. health sag bol!=be about rowa worthy, well-deserved healthy/thank you! II. right salgylanmak to refer to, rowaç successful, good sag-gurgun sag-gurgun cite rowaçlanmak to attain gezip ÿöremek=to be in a salgym mirage success good mood, healthy salgyt tribute, payment, tax rowaÿat legend, story sagalmak to recover salgyt tölemek=to pay roÿal r. grand piano sagat I.healthy II. 1. watch taxes röw?en radiant, brilliant, 2. hour salkym bunch, cluster bir light, joyful sagatlyk hour's worth salym üzüm=a bunch of ruçka r. pen sagdyn healthy grapes rugsat permission sagdynla?dyrmak to cure, salkyn cool ruh I. soul, spirit, mood II. treat, take care of salkynlamak to become r. rook (of chess) sagdyrmak to make cool ruh spirit, soul someone milk a cow sallah bachelor ruhlandyrmak to inspire saglyk health sallamak to lower, cast ruhlanmak to feel inspired sagmak to milk down, drop, hang ruhubelent inspired sagry back of a sallançak 1. crib 2. swing ruhubelentlik inspiration horse/donkey sallanmak 1. to hang 2. to ruhy spiritual, mental, sagym mirage be hung ecclesiastical, religious sagymçy milkmaid salmak 1. to place, put 2. rul r. steering wheel sagynmak to pause, to build jaÿ salmak=to rumyn r. Romanian hesitate, delay build a house 3. i?e rus Russian sahap cover salmak=to help someone rusça Russian language sahna stage get a job 4. abraÿdan rusçalamak to speak in sahypa page salmak=to dishonor 5. Russian sak vigilant, watchful to pretend not to rÿadowoÿ 1. r. ordinary 2. saka divide, watershed bilmezlege salmak=to r. private (class of soldier) sakar kelle bald pretend not to know, rÿukzak r. sakaw stutterer görmezlege salmak=to rucksack,backpack sakçy watchman pretend not to see sakgal beard salparmak to dangle saklamak 1. to keep 2. to salpy dangling store 3. to detain 4. to take salÿut r. salute care of, oversee, act as a salyhatly serious guardian 5. to retain 6. to salykatly to be courteous support 7. to keep from salym one moment bir someone 8. to make salym aÿak çekmek=to someone do something stop for one moment Turkmen/English Dictionary 53 samahylamak to chatter sapar I. time indiki saÿlama 1. selected, saman straw saman sapar=next time II. trip, chosen 2. choice kelle=stupid journey saÿlamak to choose sambo wrestling saplamak to clarify, purify, saÿlanan chosen samolÿot r. airplane leanse saÿlanmak 1. to be chosen samramak to mutter, saplanmak to be cleaned, saÿlaw election mumble purified saÿlawçy voter, elector samsyk fool, stupid sapmak 1. to thread a saÿlow election, vote samsyklyk foolishness needle 2. to immunize a saÿmak I. 1. to consider 2. samyrdy mutterings, plant 3. to combine to think II. 1. to tousle, mumblings sar starling bird churn up 2. to beat up san 1. number 2. amount sarag bandage saÿpallamak to subside, 3. score 4. cardinal saralmak 1. to become hall, decrease numbers 5. ordinal yellow 2. to make yellow saÿrak singing saÿrak numbers 6. weight saramak 1. to spin 2. to gu?=singing bird san-cyz 1. a great number wrap 3. to tie saÿramak to sing of something 2. person sarç cowardly saz I. music, musical II. who has lost his authority, sargamak 1. to confide 2. accurate, intact credibility, or honor to order sazak type of tree san-sajak a lot, an sargyt commission, sazanda musician exaggerated amount message, mission sargyt sazandar musician sanaç 1. leather bag 2. etmek=to go on a mission sazçylyk adj. music bellows sarkmak to drip sazçylyk mekdebi=music sanamak to count sarkyrmak to make school sanandarlyk musucianship something drip sazlamak to make sana?mak to talk back sarmak sargamak=1. to accurate, intact sanatoriÿa r. sanatorium, confide 2. to order sazla?yk concordant, resort sarnamak to mutter, accordant sançmak to stab with a mumble sazly musical, with music dagger sarp etmek to consume sebäbi because sandyk chest, hope chest sarpa goÿmak to respect sebäp cause, reason sandyramak to tremble, sarpa respect sebäpkär guilty person shake, shudder sarsdyrmak to shove, to sebäpli 1. reasonable 2. sandyrawuk trembling, shake with an alabi shaking sarsgyn shoving, shaking sebäpsiz 1. unreasonable sani r. sled sarsmak 1. to shudder 2. 2. without an alabi sanitar r. male nurse to quiver seçek fringe sanjak safety pin sarsmaz indestructible,, seçekli fringed sanjamak to prick untouchable, proud seçme bullet sanjy colic sary yellow seçmek 1. to shatter 2. to sanly counted sarykmak to dry choose sansyz-sanjak-syz a lot sarymsyk garlic segezdan wanderer, sañalmak sañalyp saryÿag clarified butter, vagabond durmak=to stop numb/ ghee segsen eighty stop dead saryÿagyz sallow, yellowish segseninji eightieth saññyldamak sandyramak sata?mak to meet someone seh r. shop, guild =to shake, shiver satmak 1. to sell 2. to seki porch sap I. 1. cunning 2. betray sekiz eight shrewdness 3. temptation satyjy seller sekizinji eighth 4. a row II. 1. pure, clean satyn almak to buy sekmek to appear, emerge 2. morally pure III. handle satynalmak to sell sekretar r. seretary sap sary yellowest sawçy machmaker seksiÿa r. section sapa enjoyment, delight, sawçylar matchmaker sekunt r. second pleasure sawçylyk matchmakerness selçen seyÿrek=seldom sapak I. thread II. lesson saÿ sandbank, shoal selçenlemek seÿreklemek sapalk evasion saÿgarmak to distinguish =to diminish, reduce sapaly merry, happy, saÿgylamak to whip seleñ 1. space 2. coolness blessed saÿhalla?dyrmak to put in seleñlemek to go out into order, organize coolness Turkmen/English Dictionary 54 seljermek to distinguish, sepi?mek to join, connect seÿreklemek to diminish, determine seplemek 1. to join, reduce selle turban connect 2. to weld sezewar bolmak to face sellem bir sellem=a little sepmek I. 1. to sprawl 2. difficulties and overcome bit to fold down II. 1.to them sellofan r. cellophane sprinkle 2. to shatter säginmek to pause, sellÿuloza r. cellulose sep?ik deñ bölemek to cut hesitate, stop selpemek 1. to trot 2. to along the grain sähel a little, slightly look for serb r. Serb, Serbian sähelçe a liitle, slight sem bolmak to pause, serçe sparrow säher dawn hesitate sem bol!=shut up! serçi sparrow sähra steppe semawar r. samovar, water serdar leader säwlik occasion boiler serenjam gear, equipment sfera r. shpere semek to weigh, to hang seresap careful seresap shema r. scheme out, spread out bol=be careful sifr r. figure, number semelemek to fumble seresaply carefully sifrlemek to count, to figure sememek to fumble seretmek 1. to look at 2. to signal r. signal sement r. cement look after 3. to stare 4. to sil flood sementlemek to cement glare silindr r. cylinder seminar r. seminar sereÿa series silkmek 1. to shake 2. to semiz fat, plump sergezdan bum, vagrant brush off semizlik fatness, girth, sergezdançylyk hermitage, silos r. hay obesity state of being a vagabond siloslamak to make hay semremek to fatten, gain sergezdanlyk hermitage, siltemek to jolt or shake weight state of being a vagabond sim wire, clothesline semretmek 1. to get fat 2. sergi exhibition, show simap mercury to put on weight serhet border simbol r. symbol sen you serhetçi border guard simlemek to become senagat industry serho? drunkard infected sene date seri?de means, remedy sindirmek to digest senemere edi?mek to serkerde commander, sink r. zinc quarrel general sinonim r. synonym senet 1. trade, craft 2. sermek to spread out sintaksis r. syntax occupation sersag sober sintaktik r. synthetic senetçi master, skilled sersaglyk sobriety sintenjiremek to fidget person serzhant r. sergeant sintez r. synthesis senetçilik master ses 1. sound 2. voice 3. sinus r. sinus seniñçe your way, in your noise siñdirmek 1. to absorb 2. style ses-üÿn sounds to digest senitmeter r. centimeter seslenmek 1. to be heard siñe attentively senlik ÿöñkeme "you" 2. to respond siñek fly pronoun sesli I. andj. sound, talking siñmek 1. to be absorbed sentner r. sentner (100 II. loud, noisy 2. to be digested kg.) sessiÿa r. session siññitli 1. to be drizzled 2. sentÿabr September sessiz 1. silent 2. mute soft food señkildemek to leap setilemk to line up, to put sirk r. circus seññer rampart, bank, wall in lines, rows sirke I. lice eggs II. vinegar señrik bridge of the nose setin r. satin sirkul r. circle señse brain-damaged from setir 1. line 2. row sistema r. system and explosion setka r. net sistemle?dirmek to señselemek to faint seÿalka seeder systemize señselik confusion, bruise seÿil walking, revelry stroll, sisterna r. cistern sep I. 1. seam, joint 2. row, roam, wander si?enbe Wednesday line, file, series II. dowry seÿis horse jockey sitada r. quotation sepelemek 1. to shatter 2. seÿislemek to train a horse sitirlemek to quote to drizzle 3. to spray seÿran etmek to roam, siÿdik wine sepgil freckle stroll, wander siz you (pl.) sepgit 1. joint 2. hem seÿrek 1. rare, seldom 2. sizingçe your way, as you sepikdirmek to cut out unusual would (pl.) sepikmek to retreat skafandr helmut Turkmen/English Dictionary 55 sklad r. storehouse sowatmak to become söwda etmek to make a skulptor r. sculptor literate trade skulptora r. sculpture sowatsyz illiterate söwdagar trader, merchant, skwar r. alley sowatsyzlyk illiteracy businessman skwazhina r. motorized sowet r. advice söwdala?mak to bargain, water pump sowgat president haggle slawÿan r. Slavic sowhoz state farm söwe? battle slesar r. plumber söwe?jen militant, energetic slÿot r. congress sowly successful söwe?lyk militancy smena r. period, shift sowmak 1. to consume 2. söwe?mek to fight smirno r. at attention to divert 3. to urn around söwmek to swear (curse) snaÿard missle 4. to complete söwüt willow sogan onion sowsuzlyk failure söÿemek to lean sogap good deed sowuk cold söÿenmek to be leaning sogurmak to pull out sowuk-sala sloppy söÿget support sojamak to gasp sowukganly old-blooded söÿgi love sokgarylmak to be snoopy sowukganlylyk cold- söÿguli favorite sokjamak to suck bloodedness söÿli favorite, beloved sokmak to insert sowuklamak to catch a söÿmek to love soky pestle cold söÿnji gift to the bearer of soldat r. soldier sowuklatmak to give good news soldatlyk soldierhood someone a cold söÿnmek to be happy solgun pale, faded sowuklyk cold söÿü?mek to love one solmak 1. to fade 2. to wilt sowulmak 1. to turn 2. to another somsa r. meatpie finish 3. to by-pass, to söz 1. word, introduction 2. soñ 1. later, after, then 2. avoid conversation 3. speech 4. continuing 3. end sowurmak 1. to have a promise soñabaka adv. later dust storm 2. to blow sözba?y preface, title soñky final, last money carelessly sözlem sentence soñlamak to complete, soÿmak 1. to skin 2. to sözlemek to speak finish scratch 3. to cut off sözle?mek to arrange soñra later soÿulmak 1. to shed hair sözlük dictionary soñraundan after 2. to flake (skin) sözlüklik little dictionary sorag 1. question 2. soÿuz union sözsoñy preposition interrogation söbe?mek to fight spartakiÿada r. olympics sorag bermek to question söbük hill spasiba r. thank you sorag question söe supporter (thing) spektakl r. spectile soragcyz unquestionable sögmek 1. to scold, curse, spesalist r. specialist soramak to ask, question abuse 2. to swear at spirit rubbing alcohol sora?mak to ask someone a sögünç obsenity, swear spisok r. the least question word sport r. sport sorguç tissue paper sögü?mek to quarrel sportmen r. sportsman sorkuldmak to throb,beat söhbet chat, discussion sprawka r. permission sormak 1. to suck 2. to söhbetde? conversation spwa£ga 1. pocket money absorb partner 2. reason sort r. sort, kind, variety sökmek 1. to take apart 2. stadion r. stadium to rip out a seam 3. to sortdurmak to be angry stakan r. glass plow 4. to reinvestigate sortlamak to sort stanok r. loom sökülmek to rip out a seam sosial r. social stansiÿa r. station sölpi absent-minded, sosialism r. socialism star?ina the oldest in the sloppy sosialstik r. socialistic group sömelmek to be dumb- sosiska r. sausage link start r. beginning (n.) founded, numb sostaw r. staff stazh r. tenure söndürmek to extinguish, sterzhen r. ink cartrige sowa by-passed, missed turn off the light stil r. style sowal question sönen extinct stol r. table sowamak 1. to cool 2. to sönmek to fade become disinterested strahowanie r. insurance söw-söw with syryp student r. student sowat literacy ÿöremek=to hang out studentlyk studenthood sowatly literate söwda commerce, trade stul r. chair Turkmen/English Dictionary 56 subut bolmak to be proven sümmek to creep into, get süÿüm fiber subut etmek to prove, into süÿü?mek 1. to move 2. to make clear sümmül stalk move forward subutnama proof sümsünmek to walk, stroll süzguç filter sud r. court sünbül stalk of wheat süzme yogurt sudla?mak to sue sünnet circumcision süzmek to strain, filter sudur outline süñk bone süzülmek 1. to wear out 2. sudÿa judge süpürmek 1. to sweep 2. to stick togehter, close sugun deer to wipe eyes from fatigue sugunçylyk raising deer sürçek ice-crusted, slippery syçan mouse sumat bolmak to disappear süren den, cave, lair syçramak 1. to spray, 2. to disguise 3. to sürgün etmek to exile splash 2. to stand on conceal sürgün exile someone's feet suddenly sumka r. bag süri 1. herd, flock 2. group, (?) sungat art crowd syçratmak to splash, spray surat 1. picture 2. sürmek 1. to drive 2. to till sygmak to find room photographg sürtenmek to rub sygym capacity suratçy artist sürtmek to rub in sygyr cow suratlandyrma description sürügi driver sygyrmak to whistle suratlandyrmak to depict, sürüm tillage syhalamak to slice, cut with describe süsdürilmek to run into a sharp edge suraty illustrated something syk thick, density surnukmak to suffer, to be süsmek to butt, gore syklyk density tortured sütem pressure, oppression sykmak to squeeze, press susak ladle sütük fur sykyklyk whistling susguç shovel sütükli furry sylag 1. respect, honor 2. susmak to scoop sütün column, pillar gift 3. reward sustupes exhausted, süu go?amak to feel sick 2. sylamak to respect frustrated to be numb syla?yk mutual respect su?ilka dryer süu organism, constitution syn etmek to stare, suw 1. water 2. watery süÿdemdirijiler animal observe suwag stucco plaster süÿge?ik swampy, marshy syn survey, review suwamak to plaster süÿge?iklik swamp, marsh syn-syn on end (as hair) suwarmak to water süÿjemek to be sweet synag test, trial suwarym watering süÿji 1. sweet, sugary 2. synamak to test, suwasty underwater fresh water 3. pleasant 4. experience, undergo, try, suwjarmak 1. to soak 2. to sweets, candy attempt sentimentalize over süÿjiçil sweet tooth synanmak to try, attempt suwlamak to spray süÿkemek to rub, grate synany?yk attempt suwsamak to be thirsty süÿkenmek 1. to rub, itch synçgamak to pick, poke suwuk thin, fluid oneself 2. to pester, annoy synçgylawuk hiccup suwuklyk liquid (n.) süÿndürmek 1. to stretch synçgylawugyñ suwulçu sprayer out 2. to extend, prolong tutmak=to hiccup suwulgan lizard süÿnmek 1. to stretch out, synçy 1. alert, shrewd, sübce broom recline 2. to extend sharp 2. surveyor, reviewer sübcelemek to sweep süÿpent rudder, wheel, syndyrmak to destroy, süem barmak pointer handle bar abolish, annul finger süÿremek to pull out synlamak to watch, sülçhi detective süÿrenjen to be at the end observe süle oats süÿrenjiler reptiles synmak to abolish sülenmek to crown, swarm süÿrenmek 1. to creep, to synp class, caste sülgün phesant crawl 2. to be at the end synpy class (struggle) süllermek to fade süÿri oblong synthetika r. synthetic süllümbaÿ to be wet, to be süÿ?mek to move syñral hoof soaked süÿ?ürmek to move sypal straw, thatch sülük leech something sypalamak to smooth, to sümek earlobe süÿt milk pet sümgürmek to blow one's süÿtde? native, own, blood, sypalga reason, cause nose true süÿtli milky. dairy Turkmen/English Dictionary 57 sypañ-sermeñ sypañ- syÿahatçy traveller sermeñ etmek=to be syÿasat politics, policy haughty, to spoil (a child) syÿasatçy politician ? sypat I. 1. appearance 2. syÿasy political quality II. adjective syzlamak to ache, throb sypatlandyrmak to depict, syzmak I. 1. to feel 2. to ?a king, shah describe have a premonition II. to ?abyrdamak to pour, flow, sypaÿçylyk politeness, ooze spread courtesy ?adyÿan merry sypaÿçylykly courteously , ?adyÿanlyk merriment with courtesy ?agal jackal sypaÿy 1. courteous 2. ?agalañ merriment elegant ?agalañly gay, merry, sypdyrmak 1. to miss, let cheerful go, let escape 2. to miss 3. ?agga quickly, soon to say something ?aggyldamak to make a accidentally noise, rustle sypjyrmak to scratch ?aggyldy noise, rustle sypjyryk scratch ?aglawuk waterfall sypmak 1. to release, ?agyrdamak to rustle, make escape 2. to get rid of 3. to a noise make a mistake ?agyrdy rustle, noise, sound sypynmak to have free time ?ah horn (of an animal) sypyrmak to peel, tear off ?aha branch syr secret, mystery ?ahadatnama certificate syramak I. to circle, whirl, ?ahalak branchy spin (sand or snow) II. to ?ahalamak to branch out sew a blanket, to quilt ?ahly horned syrat appearance, figure ?ahra poetess syratly slender, slim ?ahs personality, identity syrça enamel ?ahsy personal syrdambitin unspoiled ?ahsyÿet personality, syrda? favorite identity syrgyn I. blizzard, ?ahta r. mine, pit snowstorm II. row of ?ahtaçy r. miner houses ?ahtÿor r. miner syrkaw 1. ill 2. ill person ?ahyr poet syrkawlamak to fall ill, to ?ahyrlyk poetic works, ache creations syrkawlyk disease, illness ?akäse bowl syrkyramak to ache ?akgalamak to split syrly weird, mysterious ?akgyrdamak to rumble syrma knot, noose ?akgyrdatmak to rumble syrmak 1. to sweep 2. to ?akgyrdy rumble shave ?algam turnip syrt 1. backside 2. bottom ?alpy-?arañ 1. complete 2. (anatomical) wet, moist syrtartmak to grin, jeer ?alpyldamak to splash syrtky back (adj.) ?alpyldy splash syryk pole ?aly adj. rice syrykdyrmak to divert one's ?an glory, fame attention, to digress ?an-?öhrat glory syrykmak to flow, leak, ?anly famous stream ?añlamak to ring, jingle syrylmak diffused, to ?aññyrdamak to ring, jingle diffuse (?) ?aññyrdy peal, chime syÿa ink ?apak glow of dusk, glow of syÿahat etmek to travel dawn syÿahat trip, journey, ?apba quickly, momentarily travels Turkmen/English Dictionary 58

?apbat 1. palm of hand 2. ?epbe?mek to stick ?itil sprout, sprouts slap in the face ?epbik resin, pitch, tar ?itilhana nursery ?apyrdy splash ?er scandal ?itirdi rustle ?apyrtdatmak to squelch ?erap wine ?iwe accent, dialect, talk ?ar r. sphere, ball ?erbert r. sherbert ?kaf r. cupboard, wardrobe ?aramak to take with a fork ?erebe salty, salt solution ?lang r. hose ?arf r. scarf ?ermende wretch ?lem r. helmet ?ar£ cartoon character ?ert I. 1. condition 2. vow, ?lÿapa r. hat ?ark-?urk quickly pledge II. conditional, ?ofÿor r. driver, chauffeur ?arkyldamak to rattle, relative ?oh gay, merry, happy clatter, knock, rap ?ertli conditional, relative ?okolad chocolate ?arkyldy knock, rattle, ?ertnama contract ?okolady adj. chocolate clatter ?etdaly peach ?ol that ?arlamak to rage, seethe ?eÿle such, so, just like ?onça so, so much, so ?artyldamak to crack, ?eÿle-de as such many crackle ?eÿlelik bilen thus, then, so, ?or salty, saline ?artyldy crack, crash well ?orluk saltiness ?aryk fork ?eÿlelikde well, then, so, ?orpuldatmak to squelch ?a?ka r. checkers (Asian thus ?orsuw salt water style) ?eÿtan devil ?orta söz anecdote ?at joyful, happy ?eÿtanlyk cunning, trickery, ?osse r. highway, turnpike ?atlama 1. frozen 2. hard, craftiness, ruse ?ow good luck, success ringing ?eÿtmek to do so, to do ?owa kör short-sighted ?atlamak to freeze, congeal such ?owalyk short-sightedness ?atlanmak to enjoy ?ägirt apprentice ?owhun din, hubbub, noise, ?atlyk joy ?ägirtlik apprenticeship rustle ?atlykly joyful ?ähdaçyk merrily, in good ?owhunly noisy, loud, ?atyrdamak to crack, chirp, spirts sensational crackle ?äher city ?owly successful, good ?atyrdy crash, crack ?äherara intercity, long- ?öhle ray, beam ?aÿ adornment, decoration, distance ?öhlelendirmek 1. to shine embellishment ?äht spirit, mood 2. to illuminate, elucidate ?aÿ-sep 1. dowry 2. costly, ?änik stone ?öhrat glory valuable ?ärik companion ?öhratlanmak to glorify ?aÿat witness ?ärikli together ?öhratly glorious ?aÿatlyk evidence ?ifirlemek r. to cover, coat, ?öhratparaz vain ?aÿatnama evidence, trump ?öhratparazlyk vanity certificate, license ?ifr r. cipher, code ?öwür wakefulness, care ?aÿba r. disk ?ifrlemek r. to ciphere, ?rift r. type, print ?aÿlar parts code ??i beet soup ?aÿy 1. coin 2. nickel ?ikaÿat 1. complaint 2. ?tab r. headquarters, staff ?aÿylyk 1. nickel 2. trinket appeal ?tamp r. stamp ?ek doubt, question ?ikaÿat etmek to complain ?tamplamak r. to stamp ?ekel 1. form, outline, ?ikes 1. mutilation 2. ?tat r. state sketch 2. image, picture, breakage ?tepsel r. plug, jack representation 3. figure ?illirdemek to murmur ?u this, that ?eker çinrigi sugar-beet ?illirdi murmur ?ugullamak to carry or ?eker sugar ?in r. 1. tire 2. splint bring, inform, slander ?ekillendirmek to depict ?inde 1. wedge 2. embryo, ?ugundyr beet ?ekilli similar to, such, like bud ?um wicked, evil ?eksiz without doubt, ?indi 1. now 2. still, yet ?umjarmak to sob unquestionably ?indiki present, actual ?umlukda thus, so, well, ?em candle ?inel r. overcoat then, now ?emal wind : ÿuwa? ?emal = ?inelemek to get bound up, ?umroÿ deformed, ugly, breeze get entangled abnormal ?emallamak to be aired out, ?ir Leo (zodiac sign) ?umroÿluk ugliness, inflated ?ire juice deformity ?emallatmak to air, inflated ?irin 1. sweet, tasty 2. ?unça so, so much, so ?embe Saturday pleasant, agreeable many ?embe?ik sticky ?irrildemek to murmur, purr Turkmen/English Dictionary 59

?uwlamak to buzz, honk, takyklyk exactness, hoot, whistle precision ?uwwuldamak to whistle T takyr I. bald II.smooth, ?uwwuldy whistle, hiss plain, lank ?übhe doubt takyramak to be empty ?übhelenmek to suspect, taba pan takyrdamak to rumble doubt tabak dish, bowl, cup takyrdatmak to rumble ?übheli doubtful, dubious tabel r. time-sheet takyrlyk cracked desert ?übhesiz unquestionable, tabigat 1. nature 2. area doubtless personal nature tal willow ?üdügär field, tillage tabletka r. tablet, pill talamak to rob, plunder ?üle rice porridge tablisa table, list, schedule, talant r. talent ?üweleñ merry, joyful scale talantly r. talented ?üweleñli merrily, joyfully tab?yrmak 1. to charge with talañ theft ?wed r. Swede a comission, to entrust 2. talañçylyk theft ?ybyrdamak to rustle to deliver, hand in, hand talañçylykly stolen ?ybyrdy rustle over 3. to punish, order talap 1. demand 2. ?ygar slogan tab?yryk 1. message, requirement 3. claim 4. ?yglamak to buzz, rustle, mission, comission, order hiss, whiz instruction 2. warning, talapkär exacting, ?ygyr verse, poem notification, prevention particular, fussy ?ygyrdamak to rustle tabyn subordinate talapkärlik exactitude, ?ygyrdy rustle tabynlyk subordination particularity ?ykyrdamak to rustle tabyt coffin talh tart ?ykyrdy rustle tagalla effort, strain, talhan oat flour exertion ?ylha rags, tatters talon r. coupon tagam dish, taste, flavor ?yltak etmek to slander tam house tagamly tasty ?yltak slander tama etmek to hope tagan vanity mirror ?yññyrdamak to ring, jingle, tama hope click taga?yk convenience, tamakin inept person comfort ?yññyrdy jingle, ring, peal, tamam bolmak to finish, chime taga?ykly 1. convenient, end comfortable 2. close ?yrdak hat (esp. for tamamlamak to finish, end horseback riding) taglymat apprenticeship, tamamlanmak to finish, learning ?yrkyldamak to snap, crack, complete, accomplish crackle tagma brand, stigma, strain tamdyr clay oven for baking ?yrkyldy snap, crackle, tagmalamak to brand, çörek rustle stigmatize tamdyra dutar ?yrlamak to murmur tagt ripe tamdyraçy dutarist tagta I. 1. board 2. plank tam?anmak 1. to bite 3. blackboard II. sheet, through, take a bite 2. to certificate, deed lick one's lips tagtabiti bedbug, termite tanalmak to introduce tahÿa "tahya", Turkmen tanamak 1. to know national cap somebody 2. to recognize tahyl box, case tanap rope, cable takat patience tangens r. math takdyr fate tank r. tank takgaz herring tankydy critical takmyn approimately, tankyt criticism, critique, about, almost: Oba çhenli review takmyn 2 kilometer ÿol tankytlamak to critique ÿöremeli bolarcyn = You tans etmek r. to dance should reach the village in tans r. dance about 2 kilometers. tansçy r. dancer takmynan almost (prominent) taksi r. taxi tanymal distinquished, taktika r. tactic notable, eminent takyk exact tany? bolmak to meet (lit. to takyklamak to specify become acquaintance) Turkmen/English Dictionary 60 tany? I. known, familiar II. tara? cleansing, polishing taÿÿyn ready acquaintance, known tara?lamak 1. to cleanse, taÿyarlamak 1. to prepare person polish, clean 2. to grind, 2. to cook 3. to compose, tany?-bili? acquaintance polish make up tany?dyrmak 1. to introduce taraz divide, watershed taÿyarlyk preparedness, 2. to acquaint tarkyldamak to knock, rap, preparations tany?lyk acquaintance rattle taÿyarlyly ready tany?mak 1. to meet, make tarkyldatmak to knock, rap, taÿynalmak to prepare, get acquaintance 2. to be rattle ready introduced to tarkyldy knocking, rattling taÿzarmak to stick out tañka "tangka", a traditional tarlamak to buzz, honk, tazy hound Turkmen tea vessel, hoot, whistle teatr theatre placed in a fire tarp virgin soil tebigy natural : tebigy gaz taññyr basin tarpa sudden, unexpected = natural gas taññyrdamak to peal, tarpa-taÿyn sudden tebip arch. doctor thunder, rattle tarpyldatmak to stamp, tebit heat, fever tañrybir united under God trample tegek coil, spool tap 1. mood, spirits 2. tarpyldy stamping, tegelek I. 1. round, circular strength, force, power, trampling 2. precisely, exactly II. might tarsuldamak to knock, rap circle, sphere tapa rest, repose, peace, tarsuldy n. knock, rap tegelenmek to become calm tartmak 1. to pull, draw, circular, grow in a circle tapawut difference, tow 2. to stretch, drain, tegmil spot, stain, blotch differentness pull tehnik r. technician tapawutlandyrmak to tarÿelka r. plate tehnika r. technique distinguish, differentiate taryh history tehniki r. technical tapawutlanmak 1. to differ taryhçy historian tehnikum r. technical 2. to be noted, to stand out taryhy historical shool tapba suddenly, all of a taryp etmek to speak tejribe experience sudden highly tejribeli experienced tapbat pat taryp praise teke I. Teke (Turkmen tapbatlamak to pat taryplamak to praise tribe) II. goat producer tapgyr 1. group, party 2. tas 1. almost: Men tas tekepbir haughty, arrogant round, tour ÿykyldym = I almost fell tekepbirlik haughtiness, taplamak 1. to whet, grind, 2. nearly, missing a little arrogance sharpen 2. to kill or taslama sketch, draft tekge support, approval slaughter taslamak to give up tekiz smooth taplanmak to be hardened, tassyklamak to ratify tekizlemek to smooth tempered tassyklanmak to be ratified tekizlik smoothness tapmaça riddle ta?lamak to throw with force tekje level, shelf tapmak 1. to find, come ta?landy thrown teklip etmek to make an across 2. to think out, tatar Tartar offer devise 3. to find, discover tata?mak to inflame, get teklip offer 4. to determine, designate, inflamed tekst r. text define 5. to receive, get, tawus peacock telbe crazy, mad obtain taÿ I. stallion, colt II. 1. telefon etmek to telephone tapylgysyz irreplacable pair, couple 2. one of a telefon r. phone tapylmak to be found pair III. direction : ?u telegraf r. telegraph tapyndy find, discovery taÿda = here telegrafirlemek r. to tapyrdamak to stomp taÿak stick, cane, club, pole telegraph tapyrdy stamping, tramping taÿaklamak to knock telegramma r. telegram tapy?mak to help to find taÿçanak foal, colt telek erroneous, mistaken something taÿga slippery teletin skin, leather tar 1. string 2. r. tar taÿgançak 1. slippery 2. telewideniÿe r. adj. tarap 1. direction 2. place, rink, mangle (?) television land 3. side 4. part 5. taÿhar baby donkey telewizion r. television group, side taÿlamak to balance telär awning, shed tarapdar supporter taÿmak to slide, slip telim 1. a few, some, tarapdar supporter taÿpa tribe, clan several, somewhat 2. taraplaÿyn sided : bir taÿÿar ready repeated, many taraplaÿan = one-sided Turkmen/English Dictionary 61 telkermek to slouch territoriÿa r. territory täsirli interesting, telli-pelli somehow (or terrorizm r. terrorism influential, impressive other) ters 1. incorrect, false 2. täze 1. new 2. modern 3. telpek hat, Turkmen hat uneven 3. backwards, latest, current, cool 4. telper small little, pretty, inside-out fresh 5. young fine tersine 1. on the contrary, täzeçe anew, once again tema r. theme, subject opposite 2. against 3. täzeden again, anew tematic r. thematic contrary to, in spite of 4. täzelemek 1. to renew, temen big needle vice-versa 5. in defiance renovate 2. to replace, temenge pin, saftey pin of substitute temmäki tobacco tersle?ik quarrel, altercation täzelenmek 1. to renew 2. temmi bermek to punish tersle?mek to quarrel to replace, substitute temmi punishment tertibe çagyrmak to täzelik news, newness, new temperatura r. discipline, call order thing temperature tertip order täzelikçi innovator ten flesh tertip sanlar ordinal täzelikçilik innovation teneçir 1. dragonfly 2. numbers tibirdemek to tremble, earrings tertip-düzgün order, way shake, shiver tenekar borax tertipli ordered, disciplined tigir 1. wheel 2. spool, tengin heat rash tertipsiz undisciplined, bobbin tenmek to pour out, in unruly tigirlemek to roll, drive, tennis r. tennis tes superlative prefix wheel tentek I. silly, stupid II. tesilli peaceful tigirlenmek to sweep, fool, simpleton tesmek to slow down move, flow tentemek to wander, roam te?ne thirsty tijemek to strain, stretch, teññe coin, currency te?nelik thirst bow teorema r. theorem teÿ I. bottom II. 1. by no tijenmek to strain, stretch, teoretiki r. theoretic means, not at all 2. quite, bow teoriÿa r. theory totally tike piece, bit, morsel, teplisa r. hot-house teÿ-ahyr at last, finally scrap teplohod r. motorship teÿdar mark, marking tiken thorn, prickle, barb teplowoz r. cargo ship teÿene reproach tikeneklemek to feel, sense ter fresh, cool, lastest, new tez timid, fearful tikenli thorny, prickly, barbed terapewt r. therapist tezek dung, droppings tikin seam, joint, stitch terapewtik r. therapeutic tä right up to, until : Tä tikinçi seamstress, tailor terbiÿe upbringing ÿeñÿançäñ göre?mek = to tikinçilik sewing terbiÿeçi educator, tutor fight until victory tikmek 1. to sew, embroider terbiÿeçilik educational, täç 1. crown 2. birthmark, 2. to hem, sew onto pedalogical mole tikmek to sew terbiÿelemek to bring up, täjihoraz scarlet fever educate täjik Tajik (person from tilki fox terbiÿeleÿi? upbringing, Tajikistan) tilsim secret, mystery education täk 1. odd (in number) 2. timar bermek to brush, terbiÿeleÿjilik educational, alone comb pedalogical täleÿ fate, lot timarlamak to bring, lead, terbiÿeli well-bred tälim learning, instruction, result terezi scales, balance apprenticeship tiññirdemek to click, jingle, strum terjime translation tämislik cleanliness, purity tiññirdetmek to click, terjimeçi translator tämiz clean, pure jingle, strum terjimehal biography tämizlemek to cleanse, tiññirdi click, jingle terlik freshness purify tip r. type, style termin r. term, notion tär method, means, tipik r. typical terminologiÿa r. manner, way tipleÿin r. typical terminology täsgenmek to suspend, tipografiÿa r. printing termometr r. thermometer linger, be delayed plant, office termos r. thermos täsin wonderful, marvelous, amazing tira£ 1. circulation 2. ternaw gutter täsir etmek to influence drawing of a lottery terne small mellon täsir galdyrmak to impress tire I. tribe, clan II. r. dash ternelemek to begin to tirkeg sight grow täsir influence, impression Turkmen/English Dictionary 62 tirkemek to hook onto, toma?a sight, spectacle, towsa götermek to snatch latch onto show away, buy up tirke?mek 1. to go together : toma?açy spectator, on- tow?an rabbit Olar tirkele?ip barÿardylar looker towuk chicken = They used to go together tomat r. 1. tomato sauce towusmak to jump, spring, 2. to befriend, to be on 2. adj. tomato leap friendly terms tomazak dung beetle toÿ celebration, party tirlemek to twist, twirl, roll, tomsma in the summer toÿlamak to organize a whirl tomus summer party, have a party tirlendirmek to twist, twirl, tomusky adj. summer toÿnak hoof roll, whirl tonna r. ton toÿun loam, clay tirsek 1. elbow 2. knee tonnel r. tunnel toÿunsow loamy tisginmek to start, shudder, top I. ball II. gun, cannon toz dust shake up III. 1. group 2. piece, bit, tozamak to dust titremek 1. to tremble, morsel tozan dust shiver 2. to shake, quake topalañ rebellion, mutiny tozanlamak to become titretmek to be shaken topar 1. group 2. layer, dusty titretmek to be shaken stratum tozatmak to dust titrewuk tremble, shake toparlamkak to form a tozdurmak to wear out (by tiz fast, quickly group use) tizle?dirmek to speed up, toparlanmak to form a tozga pollen accelerate group tozmak 1. to wear out 2. to tizlik speed topbak heap, pile, a lot of be bankrupt toba penance topçy artilleryman töhmet atmak to slander togalak sphere, spherical toplamak to gather or töhmet slander togalamak 1. to roll, drive, collect töhmetçi slanderer ride 2. to wheel, roll along toplanmak to gather, töhmetçilikli slanderous togalanmak to sweep, assemble, prepare töleg payment move, flow toplum group tölemek 1. to pay 2. to toganynjy nintieth toprak ground, earth, land : compensate, recompense togaÿ skylark (bird) Ene toprak = Mother Earth tölemek to pay togsan ninety topuk ankle töññe stump togtamak 1. to stop, pause topulmak 1. to dash, rush, töp 1. thickness, density, 2. to cease plunge, dart 2. to have a mass 2. bream tohum I 1. seed 2. race, fit tör head of the table for breed 3. posterity, tor 1. net 2. grid, scale 3. honoured guests descendants II. trap, snare törpi sander, planer thoroughbred torba bag törpülemek to grind, polish tohumçylyk seeding tormoz r. break tötänden casual, by tohumlyk seeded, seminal torsarmak to be offended accident tok r. electrical connection torsuk badger : torsuk tötänleÿin accidental, toka buckle ÿaly = full, complete, casual, by chance tokar r. lathe, turning absolute töwekgel resolute, firm, instrument tort r. cake decisive tokaÿ forest, wood torum camel (specific type) töwekgelçilik risk tokaÿçylyk forestry tos-toslamak to invent, töwekgellik risk tokaÿlyk forest, wooded contrive, design töweleme excellent place to?ap molasses töwella admonition: tokga a lump, clod toty parrot töwella etmek = to tokgalamak to crumple tow 1. turn, rotation : tow admonish tokly small sheep, lamb bermek = to give a turn töwerek 1. environs, tokmak mallet, wooden tow bermek to give a turn neighborhood 2. hammer towakga request, petition surroundings, vicinity 3. tolgundyrmak to agitate, towça apricot pit circumfrence 4. near, excite, worry (someone) towlamak to turn, twist, about 5. around tolguny?yk agitation, worry, rotate töwir (galdyrmak) post- excitement towlanmak to twist, turn, meal prayer tolkun wave roll tragediÿa r. tragedy tom r. tome, volume towly twisted tragiki r. tragic traktor r. tractor Turkmen/English Dictionary 63 traktorçy r. tractor driver crowd, imbue 5. to stretch, tüÿkülik saliva, spittle tramwaÿ r. streetcar draw in, pull in tüÿküliklemek to salivate transport r. transportation tutnak assault, onslaught, tüÿkürrmek to spit trassa r. route, line onset tüÿlek hairy trener r. trainer, coach tutuk 1. dully, gloomy 2. tüÿs 1. genuine, real 2. just trewoga r. alarm, warning, gloomy, sullen, cloudy 3. like 3. sincere, frank, alert hoarse, husky cordial 4. definite, fixed, tribuna r. tribune, platform tutu? entirely, wholly certain, positive trikota£ r. hosiery tutu?lagyna totally, entirely tüÿsli as such, like : her trolleÿbus r. trolley tutu?laÿyn totally, entirely tüÿsli = all kinds trotuar r. sidewalk tuty 1. partition 2. curtain tüÿt-müÿt etmek to truba r. pipe, tube, tuwaly r. from Tuva lacerate, tear to pieces chimney tükel all, the whole, full, tüÿtmek 1. to comb one's trubka r. 1. tube, pipe 2. everything hair 2. to wear out (by receiver tükeniksiz incessantly use) tukat sad, sorrowful, dreary tükenmek to be finished tÿul r. tulle tukatlanmak to grieve, long tüketmek to finish, to cease tyg 1. blade, edge : Tyg tukatlyk sadness, grief, tüm darkness, obscurity ÿarasy biter, söz ÿarasy melancholy tümlük darkness, obscurity bitmez = A blade wound tultuk 1. soft, mild, gentle, tümmek I. hillock II. full, will get bigger, a verbal tender 2. sleek, smooth 3. complete, absolute, perfect wound, never lenient, easy tümmeklemek to fill, tyg?yt economy, saving tulum wineskin crowd, imbue tyg?ytlamak to save, tum?uk muzzle, snout tünt blunt, obtuse, stupid economize tundra r. tundra tüñçe pitcher (iron) tyg?ytlamak to spare tunir r. tournament tüññün can tyg?ytly economical tupan storm, tempest tüpeñ rifle tyg?ytlylyk economy turist r. tourist tüpeñlemek to shoot, fire tykyramak to waver turistic touristic (a rifle) tykyrdamak 1. to rumble 2. turmak 1. to stand up 2. to türgen 1. skillful, skilled 2. to knock, rap, rattle awake trained tykyrdatmak to knock, rap, turp radish türgenle?ik training rattle, clatter tur?amak to turn sour türgenle?mek 1. to train 2. tyl rear, base tur?y sour to master tylla gold, golden turuzmak 1. to get up, türk Turk typançan I. slippery II. make stand 2. to waken türkana simple, humble rink, mangle 3. to begin, to undertake türki Turkish typmak to slide, glide, slip turuzmak to wake someone türkmen Turkmen tyrkyldamak to knock, rap, tussag 1. prisoner 2. türkmençilik "Turkmeness" throb, rattle arrested person, detainee türme prison tyrkyldatmak to knock, rap, tussag etmek to arrest, türmä basmak to imprison throb, rattle take prisoner türmä basmak to imprison tyrkyldy knock, rattle, tussag prisoner tüsse smoke clatter, noise tut mulberry tüsselemek to smoke (give tyrpma to slide down, slip tutanÿerli persevering, off smoke) off persistent, obstinate tütemek to smoke, steam tutanÿerlik persistence, tüw 1. rice 2. palow (pilaf) obstinance tüwe heifer tutaryk argument tüweleme 1. well done 2. tuta?dyrmak to heat, rouse, exclam. "Great!" unleash, set loose "Fantastic!" "Stupendous!" tuta?dyryjy incendiary tüweleÿ gust tutawaç 1. handle 2. tüÿ hair railing, banister tüÿdük "tuyduk", a native tutgaÿ epilepsy Turkmen flute-like tutma grip instrument tutmak 1. to hold, support, tüÿdükçi person who keep 2. to catch 3. to hire performs on the tüÿdük out, employ 4. to fill, tüÿdülmek to wear out tüÿjermek to be hairy Turkmen/English Dictionary 64

ulaltmak 1. to increase, ussatlyk know-how, make larger 2. to grow, mastery U rear 3. to raise, promote ustaw r. statute, resolution, 4. to swell up, puff up, charter exaggerate usul 1. manner, way 2. uç finish, end ulanmak to use, utilize method uçar airplane ulgam ridge, geol. range usully careful uçastok r. district, region ullakan 1. big, heavy 2. u?ak small, little, fine uçdantutma successively, grownup u?amak to become smaller one after the other ululyk size, quantity u?atmak 1. to make uçgun sparkle, spangle ulumsy snobby smaller, shallower 2. to uçgur shoe lace ulumsylyk snobbiness exchange, barter uçili??e r. school ulumsyramak to put on utanç shame uçmak 1. to fly 2. to airs utançsyz shameless stagger 3. to disappear, uly 1. big in size, weighty utandyrmak to embarass, vanish 2. much, big in number 3. to shame uçramak 1. to come old 4. significant, utanjañ shy, bashful across, meet, receive, important 5. long in utanjañlyk shyness welcome 2. to undergo, be duration utanmak to be shy, exposed to uly-kiçi young and old alike ashamed of uçurmak to rock, swing, ummasyz without end utdurmak to lose shake umuman generally utga?dyrmak to combine uçursyz very umumy common utga?mak to unite uçu? flight umumyhalk nationwide utga?yk united uçÿot r. inventory umumyla?dyrmak to sum utmak to win uçÿotçik r. bookkeeper up utuk point, spot udel r. specific umumylyk commoness, utulmak to lose (a game) uglerod r. carbon community utu? winnings, profit ugramak 1. to set off, umyt etmek to hope uwlamak to howl embark 2. to direct, refer, umyt hope uwlundyrmak to cause send un flour pain ugratmak 1. to see off 2. unamak to find, come uÿa sister to set off for 3. to embark across uÿalmak to be shamed upon una? noodle soup uÿamak to go sour ugrukdyrmak to put right, uniwermag r. department uÿan bridle in order, to set straight store uÿanlamak to bridle ugur 1. direction 2. trend uniwersal r. universal uÿat shame 3. list uniwersitÿet r. university uÿgunla?dyrmak to adapt ugurda? 1. parallel 2. fair, unutmak to forget uÿgunla?mak to get used to favorable uprawleniÿaÿu??i¨ r. uÿgur Uighur (nationality) ugurla?mak to agree upon, manager uÿluk pail arrange uprawleniÿe r. uzak 1. far, distant 2. long, ugurly good management for a long time 3. whole, ugursyz bad ur-tut at once intact ujypsyz insignificant, tiny urgy blow, shock uzakla?dyrmak 1. to ukaz r. decree, edict urkaçy female postpone, put off 2. to uklamak to sleep, fall urmak to strike draw out, drag out asleep urnamak to combine uzakla?mak to become ukol r. injection urp-adat custom, habit distant, move away from ukrain r. Ukranian ur?ujy fighter uzaklyk 1. length 2. ukuçyl sleepyhead urug genus, race distance 3. longitude uky sleep, dream urunmak 1. to fight, beat uzalmak to be lengthened ukyp 1. capability, talent, 2. to toss, jerk uzaltmak 1. to lengthen 2. ability uru? 1. war 2. scuffle, fight to prolong ukyply 1. capable, able 2. uru?mak 1. to struggle, fight uzanmak to lie down, to go talented, gifted 2. to wage war to bed ukyplylyk ability ussa master, craftsman uzatmak to stretch out, ulag transport ussaçylyk mastery extend ulalmak 1. to magnify, ussahana studio, workshop uzel r. junction, center enlarge 2. to grow, ussat craftsman, master increase Turkmen/English Dictionary 65 uzyn 1. long 2. tall 3. üstünlikli accomplished protracted 4. sustained ü?emek to be cold, catch uzynlyk 1. length 2. Ü cold longitude 3. extent ü?erilmek to be on the alert, to be on one's guard übtük down, fluff ü?ertmek to prick up (one's üç three ears) üçburçluk triangle ü?etmek to be cold üçin for, intended for ü?ük sharpness, quick üçlük three wittedness üçünji third ü?ütmek to feel chilly üflemek to blow, gust ütmek to tear, pull out ülemek to divide, share ütük r. iron (for clothing) ülje cherry ütüklemek r. to iron ülke 1. region, land, country üwemek to grind 2. fringe, edge, outskirt üwremek to rock ülñi pattern üÿn sound, tone, tune ülpüldemek to shine, üÿ?enmek to fear, be afraid glitter, flash of ülü? 1. lot, fate 2. part, üÿ?meleñ 1. crowd, mob, share, piece throng 2. party, gathering ümez fog üÿ?ürmek to gather, collect ümezlemek to grow foggy, üÿtgediji 1. to change (by dim itself) 2. to spoil ündemek to put, place, set üÿtge?ik 1. different 2. ünjalmak to calm down, particular, peculiar, special subside, become quiet üÿtge?iklik 1. difference 2. ünji unrest, trouble, anxiety modification, alteration üns attention üÿtgetmek to change, alter, üns bermek to pay modify attention üzeññi stirrup üpjün 1. in full supply 2. üzmek 1. to tear off, pluck provided for, well-to-do 2. to extinguish, put out 3. üpjünçilik security to interrupt üpjünetmek to supply, üznüksiz uninterrupted provide üzñe enraged, furious üpjünlik prosperity üzñelik rage, fury ürçetmek to fall into the üzül-kesil resolute, firm, habit of decisive ürgün dry üzülmek 1. to tear off, ürkek timid, fearful pluck 2. to settle accounts ürkmek to be frightened, be with, get even with 3. to scared of break off ürküzmek to frighten, scare üzüm grape üsgülewuk cough üzümçilik grape production üsgülewukli suffering from a cough üsgürlewük cough üsgürmek to cough üst surface, top, upper part üst-ba? clothing üsta?yr over, about, at, with üste to boot, in addition üstesine to boot, in addition üsti bilen via, by way of üstün çykmak to win, conquer, vanquish üstünlik success, achievement Turkmen/English Dictionary 66

weli but, but also welosiped r. bicycle W welwet r. velvet Ÿ welÿur r. velour wengr r. Hungary wada promise wepa truth ÿa 1. or 2. "well, now" wadala?mak to make a wepaly true, honest ÿabany 1. wild 2. out of pact, negotiate wepalylyk allegiance control wadala?yk treaty, wepat bolan deceased ÿab?yrmak to sew into settlement wepat bolmak to die ÿaby horse wagon r. wagon wepat dead, finished ÿada or wag?y predatory werdi? adaptation: agyr i?e ÿadamak to tire, grow wag?ylarça brutal, bestial werdi? boldim = I've weary wagt time adapted to this difficult ÿadatmak to tire out wagtal-wagtal from time to work ÿadaw tired time wertikal r. vertical ÿadawlyk fatigue wagtlaÿyn temporary wertolÿot r. helicopter ÿadawsyz tireless, wagtly-wagtynda at the wesÿet law energetic right time wesÿetnama will ÿadro r. nuclear wagtynda at the right time (document) ÿadygär recollection, wagyr noise we?alka r. peg, rack memory wagyrdamak to make noise we?eñ-we?eñ very much ÿadygärlik 1. monument 2. wagyz etmek to preach weteran r. veteran souvenir wagyz-nesihat 1. weterinariÿa r. veterinary ÿadyrgamak to shun, avoid directions, instructions 2. weÿrançylykly ruined, ÿag oil (for cooking), grease sermon demolished ÿagdaÿ 1. situation, wah oh! gosh! wezipe 1. task 2. position, condition 2. scenery 3. waharman a kind of melon appointment, rank atmosphere wajyp important wä eek! (expresses ÿagdaÿla?mak to operate, waka event, situation surprise) function wakgyldamak to cluck (like wägirmek to scream from ÿaglamak to grease, oil a chicken) fright ÿagly 1. oily 2. bun waktsina r. vaccine wäk ouch! ÿaglyk scarf wakyrdamak to belly-laugh wä?i joker, jokingly ÿagmak to precipitate Waleÿkimessalam "And wä?ilik lightheartedness ÿagmyr rain, precipitation God's peace be with you!" wiktorina r. quiz ÿagny "that is to say..." (formal reply to wilka r. fork ÿag?y good Salamaleÿkim) witamin r. vitamin ÿag?ylandyrmak to improve waleÿkimessalam respons witrina r. shop window ÿag?ylanmak to be e to formal greetng wiÿ oh! improved, grow more walla honestly wizit r. visit, call beautiful walÿuta r. currency wodolaz r. diver ÿag?yla?mak to be wanna r. bath wodoprowod r. water pipe improved, grow more beautiful wañkyrmak to wail wodorod r. hydrogen ÿag?ylyk benefit warak no-good, worthless wojatyÿ r. guide ÿagty well lit wariant r. variant wokzal r. station (railway) ÿagtygözin by daylight warkyldamak to croak woleÿbol r. volleyball ÿagtylgyç star warsaky chatter, gossip wraç r. doctor ÿagtylmak 1. to dawn 2. to wasp description wulkan r. volcano brighten watan country wyjdan conscience ÿagtyltmak 1. to ellucidate watançy patriot wyklÿuçatel r. switch 2. to illuminate waÿ oh! oh boy! : Waÿ waÿ wympel r. pennant ÿagtylyk 1. light 2. joy, waÿ != Oh my goodness! wypiska r. copying, gladness, pleasure waÿkyrmak to cry out excerpting ÿagy enemy wazypdamak to buzz wy?ka r. turret, tower ÿagyn precipitation wazzyldy buzz, drone wy?y-wy?y whisper ÿagynly rainy we and wy?yrdamak to whisper, ÿagyrniçlik lining, support wehim terror gossip ÿagyrny back, spine wejera shameful wznos r. payment, fee ÿagy? rain wekil representative wzwod r. platoon Turkmen/English Dictionary 67

ÿagy?ly rainy ÿapba?dyrmak to flatten ÿarawsyzlyk painfulness, ÿakymly nice, pleasant ÿapba?mak to flatten morbidity, sickness ÿakymsyz mean ÿapgy cover ÿardam aid, help ÿakyn near ÿapgyt slope, incline ÿardam etmek to help ÿakynda the other day ÿaplamak to lean ÿarma grits, groats ÿalan false ÿaplanmak to lean against ÿarmak 1. to cut up 2. to ÿalanaç naked ÿapmak 1. to close 2. to blow up, explode ÿalançy liar cover 3. to bake 4. to ÿarma?mak to climb ÿalandan false enclose, affix 5. to finish, ÿarpy half ÿalkamak to pardon or to end ÿarsmak 1. to be warped spare : tañry ÿalkasyn = ÿapon Japanese 2. to be offended, thank you ÿaponiÿa Japan disgusted ÿalñy? mistake ÿaprak leaf ÿartmaç cut, section, angle ÿalñy?dyrmak to confuse, ÿapraklamak to be leafy, ÿarty half muddle, mix up grow leaves ÿary gije midnight ÿalñy?mak to be mistaken ÿapy I. slope II. lid, cover ÿary half ÿalpa momentary, ÿapyk 1. closed 2. covered, ÿaryk fissure, crack, crevice instantaneous enclosed ÿarylma explosion ÿalpak 1. shallow 2. small, ÿapynja cape, cloak ÿarylmak 1. to crack, split petty ÿapy?dyrmak to stick 2. to explode ÿalpylda duran shiny, (something into something ÿarym half brilliant else) ÿarymada peninsula ÿalpyldawuk brilliant, ÿapy?mak 1. to stick to, ÿary? race, competition sparkling, shining hold fast to 2. to be pasted ÿary?mak to race, compete ÿalpyldy lustre, shine, to ÿasama artificial, false, brilliance ÿar beloved imitation ÿalta still, idle, lazy ÿara wound ÿasamak to craft, make ÿaltaklamak to examine, ÿarag weapon ÿasaÿjy master, craftsman take a view of ÿaraglandyrmak to arm ÿasli r. 1. day care center ÿaltalyk stillness, idleness, someone 2. crib, manger laziness ÿaraglanmak to take up ÿassanmak to lean on ÿaltanmak to be idle, lazy, arms, arm oneself one's elbows to tire ÿaragly armed ÿassyk pillow ÿaly like ÿaragsyzlandyrmak to ÿasy flat ÿaly-la seems disarm ÿasylamak to flatten ÿalym-ÿulumetmek to ÿaragsyzlanmak to lay ÿa? 1. age 2. young 3. ingratiate down arms teardrop ÿalyn flame ÿaralamak to wound ÿa?amak to live ÿama patch ÿaraly 1. wounded 2. adj. ÿa?armak to water ÿamamak 1. to mend, wound ÿa?aÿy? life, living repair 2. to sharpen ÿaramak to like ÿa?da? person of the same ÿaman 1. bad 2. very ÿaramaz bad, useless age ÿamanlamak 1. to slander ÿaramazla?mak to ÿa?lyk youth 2. to talk, say deteriorate, worsen ÿa?mak "yashmak", ÿamanlyk harm, damage, ÿaramly 1. suitable, good, traditional bridal mouth detriment fit 2. useful, helpful covering ÿama?gan anew, once ÿaran adherent, supporter, ÿa??ik r. case, chest, box again partisan ÿa?uly elder ÿama?gandan anew, once ÿaranjañ toady, lickspittle, ÿa?yl green again sycophant ÿa?yrmak to conceal, hide ÿanamak 1. lean 2. to ÿaranjañlyk sycophancy ÿa?yryn secret, stealthy, press 3. to oppress ÿaranlyk friendship vague ÿanawuç handful ÿaranmak to please ÿat I. mind II. 1. alien, ÿañ echo ÿara?dyrmak to reconcile foreign ÿañak cheek (others to others) ÿata stagnant ÿañy ÿakynda recently ÿara?mak to make up ÿatak 1. bread 2. stall for ÿañyja just now (become friends) animals ÿañyltmaç tongue-twister ÿara?yk peace, ÿatakhana hostel, home ÿap ditch reconciliation ÿatalatmak to remind ÿapba?ak slope, pitch ÿaratmak to use, employ ÿatdan çykarmak to forget Turkmen/English Dictionary 68

ÿatlamak to remember ÿekemen unsociable; ÿeñil 1. light 2. simple 3. ÿatmak to lie down, sleep solitary fig. easy 4. fig. weak ÿatymlaÿyn 1. overnight 2. ÿekesiremek to feel the ÿeñilkelle lightwited; daily, a day's same airheaded ÿatyrlma abolition ÿek?enbe Sunday ÿeñilkellelik stupidity; ÿatyrmak to abolish ÿel wind vapidity ÿaz spring ÿele leeward; out of the ÿeñille?dirmek to simplify; ÿazdyrmak 1. to unbutton, wind easy unfasten 2. to lower, ÿelejiretmek to air out ÿeñillik privilege; ease launch, set loose, slacken ÿelejiräp gelmek to stroll in ÿeñilmek to lose (a game ÿazgarmak to accuse of, the open air or contest) charge with ÿelejirmek to be aired out ÿeñilmez invincible ÿazgy 1. entry, registration, ÿelek feather ÿeñi? victory record 2. note, sign, ÿelekli feathered ÿeñlemek to become inscription ÿelgin gust of wind easier; lighter ÿazgyt fate ÿelgine 1. carried by the ÿeñlenmek to shake hands ÿazlamak to lead, guide, wind 2. fig. in the throes ÿeñle?mek to become conduct (of something) easier; lighter ÿazlyk adj. summer, spring ÿelim glue ÿeñletmek to lighten ÿazmaça cursive, ÿelimlemek 1. to glue 2. to ÿeñlik a cushion-like mitt handwriting seal used when baking ÿazmak I. to lay down; ÿelin gozgamak to lactate Traditional Turkmen bread write II. to become loose, ÿelken n. sail in a clay oven unfastened III. 1. to ÿelkenli adj. sail, sailing: ÿeñmek to defeat; conquer; spread 2. to smooth, iron, ÿelkenli gaÿyk = a sail boat be victorious press ÿellenmek 1. to be bloated; ÿeññe ÿazuw writing troubled with gas 2. to be ÿepbe?dirmek to stuff; ÿazyjy writer swollen make bulging ÿazyk sin ÿelli windy ÿepbe?ik flabby; overstuffed ÿazykly guilty ÿelmemek to glue; attach ÿer 1. place 2. land 3. ÿazyksyz innocent with glue; seal with glue earth, ground 4. Earth 5. ÿazyksyzlyk innocence ÿelme?mek to be glued; place, position, duty 6. ÿazylmak to subscribe attached with glue sleeping area ÿazylysyk subscription ÿelpemek to fan ÿer ?ary globe ÿedi seven ÿelpewaç n. fan (for ÿer titremesi earthquake ÿedigen : Uli ÿedigen = Big fanning) ÿerasty underground Dipper : Kiçi ÿedigen = ÿemlemek to stick ÿerde?ikli comfortably Little Dipper ÿem?ermek to be dented; ÿeri well; so : Ÿeri näme ÿedilik a "seven" (i.e. used pressed in aÿtmakçy? = Well, what for a bus number) ÿem?ertmek to dent; press would you like to say? ÿedinji seventh in ÿerine in place of ÿefreÿtor mil. lance- ÿem?ik 1. dented 2. ÿerine ÿetirmek to corporal flattened complete ÿegen 1. nephew 2. niece ÿençmek to beat up; beat ÿerlemek to be settled, to ÿegençi niece on make a place home ÿegsan etmek to destroy; ÿene 1. again; once more ÿerle?dirmek 1. to lay, obliterate 2. and even more; and place 2. to accomodate, ÿeg?ermek to bend; flex furthermore : hiç zat lodge, place ÿek-tük rarely bileñok, ÿene öwnen ÿerle?mek 1. to be situated, ÿeke 1. alone 2. lone; only bolÿarsyñ = You know located 2. to enter into, be ÿeke-çäk alone nothing and you even brag placed in 3. to be staying ÿeke-täk one and only about it (at) ÿeke-ÿeke one by one ÿeñ sleeve ÿerle?mek to be situated, to ÿekebara personal ÿeñçe 1. the back of the get situated ÿekedaban sledgehammer head 2. the back end, rear ÿerli local ÿekelemek to thin out part (of something) 3. ÿerlikli appropriate, ÿekeleÿin by the piece used as a preposition: apropos ÿekelik 1. one (the number) yeñsesine geçmek = to ÿerliksiz inappropriate 2. oneness move back ÿerzemin basement ÿeñiji victor; winner ÿeser gözler shifty eyed ÿesir captive, prisoner Turkmen/English Dictionary 69

ÿesirlik captivity ÿokary 1. above, on top 2. ÿowar community aid, ÿeterlik enough tall 3. high, high up 4. assistance ÿetginjek juvenille, senior ÿowuz hard adolescent ÿokary çykmak to climb ÿoÿmak to distort, ÿetginjeklik adolescence ÿoklamak to put misconstrue ÿetim orphan ÿokluk 1. absence 2. ÿöne I. 1. gratis, free, for ÿeti?ik progress poverty nothing 2. just, only, ÿeti?ikli successful, efficient ÿokmak 1. to come off 2. simply so II. but, however ÿeti?iksiz inefficient, to get better (of a patient ÿönekeÿ 1. simple, easy 2. unsuccessful recovering from an illness) plain, humble ÿeti?mek I. to be on time, to 3. fig. to be healthy (of ÿönekme subject (of a make (a train, plane) II. 1. food) sentence) to ripen, mature 2. to ÿoknasyz incessant ÿöneli? turn reach a marriagable age ÿokumly helpful ÿönelmek to head for, turn ÿetmek to suffice ÿokundy plank, layer for ÿetmezçilik insufficient, ÿoku? degmek to be ÿöñkeme face, unsuitable unpleasant (of words or countenance ÿetmi? seventy actions) ÿöñkemek to denegrate, ÿet?enlik maturity ÿoku? görmek to be slander ÿgjarmak to shine offended ÿörelge 1. path 2. tradition ÿigdelmek to grow or look ÿoku? söz aÿtmak to say ÿöremek 1. to walk, go 2. younger unpleasant words to advance, move forward ÿigit fellow ÿoku?mak 1. to come off 2. ÿöretmek 1. to establish 2. ÿigitlik youth, adolescence to get better (of a patient to conduct, guide ÿigrenç hatred recovering from an illness) ÿörgünli 1. popular 2. ÿigrenji repugnant, hateful, 3. fig. to be healthy (of marketable, saleable disgusting food) ÿöri? 1. gait 2. pace, speed ÿigrenmek to hate, ÿol 1. road, path, way 2. ÿörite special despise course, system 3. means, ÿörite special ÿigrimi twenty method 4. purpose ÿöriteles?dirmek to ÿigriminji twentieth ÿola time, repetition specialize in ÿilik bone marrow ÿolagçy passenger ÿörmek modal verb (see ÿiteltmek to sharpen ÿolbars lion appendix for usage ÿitgi loss, waste ÿolba?çy leader examples) ÿiti 1. sharp 2. poignant, ÿolba?çylyk leadership ÿörü? march, campaign penetrating 3. quick-witted ÿolda? friend, companion, ÿubileÿ r. jubilee 4. slim, slender 5. caustic, ally, partner ÿubka r. skirt venomous ÿolgalmak to be finished, ÿuka 1. thin, slender, ÿitigsi dim, dull, dead used up delicate 2. tender, ÿitile?mek to become ÿolka r. evergreen tree sentimental aggravated, strained ÿollamak to send ÿuka ÿürek good-natured, ÿitirim bolmak to vanish, ÿolmak 1. to pluck, strip off tender-hearted be lost, go missing 2. to cut off ÿukalmak to refine ÿitirmek 1. to lose, give up ÿolmalamak to pluck out ÿukalyk thinness 2. to spend, waste ÿolukmak to meet ÿumak skein, claw, tangle ÿitmek 1. to go missing 2. someone ÿummak to close to vanish, disappear ÿolunmak to be broken, to ÿumralmak to round off ÿoda tropic, tropical cut off ÿumruk fist ÿogsa or else, otherwise ÿomak pun ÿumruklamak to make a ÿogsa-da by the way ÿonmak to shave, plane off fist ÿogyn wide, thick ÿonu?ga shaving, filing ÿumrukla?mak to fist-fight ÿok no, not present ÿoñ cold, chill, fever ÿumrulmak to destroy, ÿokanç infectious ÿoñlamak to catch a cold demolish ÿokançly infectious ÿorelmek to creep, crawl ÿum?ak 1. soft 2. loose, ÿokarky top, upper ÿorgan quilt crumbly 3. gentle, meek ÿokarlanmak to raise, bring ÿorgan-dü?ek bedding ÿum?aklyk 1. softness, up ÿorka film, coating gentleness 2. looseness ÿokarlygyna 1. above, over ÿorkaryk above ÿum?amak 1. to soften 2. the top 2. to the east ÿorunja clover to loosen ÿokarsyna above ÿumurmak to destroy, demolish Turkmen/English Dictionary 70

ÿumurtga egg ÿüz I. 1. face 2. surface 3. ÿykmak to destroy, ÿumurtgalamak to lay eggs side 4. edge II. one demolish, knock down, ÿumu? duty, errand hundred overthrow ÿurt land, nation ÿüz tutmak to turn to, to ÿykylmak 1. to fall 2. to die ÿuwan liquid, watery, appeal to, to apply for 3. to be ruined, wrecked sparse, weak ÿüze çykmak to arise ÿykyrdamak to chuckle ÿuwa? 1. quiet 2. slowly ÿüzin prone ÿyl year ÿuwa?amak 1. to cram in, ÿüzlenme conversion, ÿylamak to warm up, heat stuff 2. to reduce transformation up ÿuwa?atmak to diminish, ÿüzlenmek 1. to turn to, ÿylan snake reduce address 2. to direct, refer, ÿylatmak to warm, heat ÿuwa?lyk humility, send, assign ÿyldan frisky meekness ÿüzleÿ 1. small, petty 2. ÿyldan-ÿyla from year to ÿuwdum a swallow superficial year ÿuwdunmak to swallow ÿüzlük one hundred ÿyldanlyk friskiness ÿuwgurmak to knead ÿüzmek to swim ÿyldyramak to sparkle, ÿuwmak to wash ÿüzügaralyk shame, glitter, flash ÿuwmarlamak to smooth disgrace ÿyldyrawuk sparkly, glittery out ÿüzüji swimmer ÿyldyrym çakmak lightning ÿuwundy slops, garbage, ÿüzük ring to strike dust ÿüzünji one hundredth ÿyldyrym lightning ÿuwundyrmak to wash ÿygjam dense ÿyldyz star ÿuwunmak to wash oneself ÿygjamlatmak to speed up, ÿylgyrmak to smile ÿuwutmak to swallow make more frequent ÿylgyrys smile ÿük 1. load, freight, cargo ÿygmak to pick, gather ÿyllyk 1. annual 2. 2. duty, service ÿygnak gathering anniversary ÿükçi loader ÿygnamak 1. to gather, ÿylmamak to cut, hew ÿüklemek 1. to load up 2. collect 2. to concentrate, ÿylmanak smooth to entrust with store up 3. to pile up, pack ÿylpyldamak to twinkle ÿükli loaded up, clean up, tidy up ÿylpyldy 1. light 2. blaze, ÿüksüz empty ÿygnanmak 1. to be flash ÿüñ wool collected 2. to amass ÿylsaÿyn year by year ÿüp string, yarn ÿygnany?yk 1. collection, ÿyly pleasant, warm ÿüpek silk gathering, harvest 2. ÿylylyk 1. warmth 2. ÿüpekçi one who works party, gathering temperature with silk ÿygna?dyrmak to tidy up ÿylynmak to warm up, heat ÿüpekçilik silk production ÿygra shy, timid ÿylyñ-ÿylyna from year to ÿüplük adj. cotton yarn ÿygralyk shyness, timidity year ÿürege dü?mek to annoy, ÿygrenç hateful ÿyr?armak to grin, smile bother ÿygrenmek to hate ÿyrtmak to tear off, break ÿüregine düwmek to ÿygrykmak to become off decide (set your heart) embarassed, perplexed ÿyrtyjy 1. beast 2. predator ÿürek 1. heart 2. soul, ÿygrylmak 1. to shrink, be 3. bird of prey mind, disposition shy 2. to waver ÿyrtyk 1. torn, broken, ÿürek gysmak to miss ÿyg?yrmak to hide, conceal ripped 2. slit, torn ÿürek heart ÿygy thick, dense, deep ÿyrtylmak to tear, be torn ÿürekde? affectionate, ÿygy-ÿygydan often intimate ÿygyjy I. 1. typesetter, ÿürekde?lik intimacy compositor 2. collector II. ÿürekli bold, courageous harvesting, harvest ÿüreklilik courage, ÿygym collection, gathering boldness ÿygymçy collector ÿürkese edinmek to bite, ÿygyndy I. collector II. have a snack selection ÿüwrük deft, nimble, quick ÿygyrmak 1. to crumple, ÿüwse thimble twist, wrinkle 2. to draw in ÿüwürji brother-in-law ÿygyrt wrinkled ÿüwürmek to be victorious ÿykgynçylyk sabotage, over, to vanquish diversion Turkmen/English Dictionary 71

ymtylmak 1. to desire, long ysgamak to smell for 2. to aspire, strive to ysgyn strength, power, Y ymykly 1. serious 2. final, force, might definitive ysgynsyzlanmak to tire, ynam belief lose energy ybadathana 1. council, diet ynamly 1. reliable, ysgynsyzlyk feebleness, 2. cathedral dependable, sure 2. firm, weakness ybarat bolmak to consist steady, confident 3. yslanan rotten ybarat comprised of trustworthy ysly aromatic ydysatçy economist ynanç belief ysmanak spinach ygal rain, precipitation ynandyrmak to convince ysny?mak to become ygally rainy ynandyryjy convincing, friends yglan etme announcement urgent ysny?yk closeness yglanetmek to declare ynanjañ trusting, (emotional) yg?yldamak to rustle confidential yssy hot yg?yldy rustle ynanmak to believe, to trust yssylamak to get hot, heat ygtyÿar permission, license ynjalyk rest, repose, peace, up ygtyÿarly entitled calm ysygra earrings ygtyÿarsyz 1. without ynjalykly comfortable ysytma fever, malaria permission 2. against ynjalyksyzlandyrmak to y? crevice, slit, crack one's will alarm, disquiet y?k love yhlas zeal ynjalyksyzlanmak to be y?yk light yhlasly zealous, eager anxious, to worry y?yklamak to spy, peep yk leeward ynjalyksyzlyk unrest y?yklandyrmak to touch up, ykbal fate ynjamak to be afflicted, brush up, refresh ykdysady economy distressed yz 1. trace 2. backside, ykdysadyÿet economics ynjatmak to grieve rear, base 3. close by ykjam strong, hearty, firm, ynjyk 1. capricious, yza ache, pain robust, solid whimsical 2. tender, fond, yzaly painful ykjamak 1. to sway, swing, delicate, soft, sentimental yzarlamak 1. to track down flicker 2. to shake, rattle, yns-jyns nothing, no one 2. to trace, follow, look rock ynsan human after, watch ykjamlamak to gather, ynsanyÿet humanity yzgar moisture collect ynsap 1. conscience 2. yzgarly humid, damp yklamak to take shelter justice, truth yzgyt caress, affection ykmak to linger, loaf around ynsaply 1. conscientious 2. yzlamak to whine, snivel ykmanda tramp, vagabond just, fair, true, right yzly-yzynda successively, ykrar etmek to recognize ynsapsyz 1. unconscious one after the other ykyrdamak to crunch, 2. unjust, unfair, untrue yzy bilen right after, behind, gnash, creak ynsapsyzlyk 1. following ykyrdy creak, scratch unconsciousness 2. yzygideri consistent, ylala?dyrmak to reconcile unfairness successively ylala?mak to agree, make yññyldamak to whine,. yzynda behind up, be reconciled snivel yzzat reverence, respect, ylala?yksyz disagreeable yññyldy whine awe ylaly?yk harmony, yralamak to swing, rock agreement yramak to swing, rock ylaÿta particularly yranmak to swing, rock ylgamak to run yrañ atmak to swing, rock ylgamak to run yrga rolling, pitching ylgaw run, running, escape yrgyldamak to vibrate, ylham inspiration move ylmy scientific yrgyldatmak to vibrate, ylym science, knowledge oscillate ylymly educated yrgyldy oscillation, ymam pilgrim (one who has vibration made the trip to Mecca) yrmak to bend, incline ymarat building yrsaramak to find fault with ymgyr boundless, unlimited yrÿa loss, waste ys odor, smell, aroma Turkmen/English Dictionary 72

zaÿalanan spoiled zut gaçyp gitmek to run zaÿalanmak to spoil, go away Z bad züwwetdin coward zaÿawka r. claim, demand zweno r. a link, section, zaÿleek to dampen, liquify, row zabt etmek to invade, moisturize zynjyr chain attack zaÿom r. loan zyñmak to throw zabun cruel zehin talent, gift zyÿan harm zaçÿot r. exam zehinli talented, gifted zag crow, raven zehinsiz untalented zagyrdamak to shake, zelel harm tremble zelelli harmful zakaz r. order, command zemzen giant lizard zakaznoÿ by order, by zenzele noise, racket command zerarly because zakyja jackdaw zergär jeweler zal r. hall zerrin bolmak to be stuffed zalym tyrant, tyrannical (from eating) zalymlyk tyranny zerur necessary zaman epoch, era, time zerurlyk need zamça type of melon zeÿ dampness, moisture zamun bail, surety, zeÿilli such guarantee zeÿrenç complaint zapas r. storage, savings, zeÿrenmek to complain back-up zeÿtin olive zaply 1. strong 2. swift, zäherli poisonous sudden zähmet labor zapowednik r. preserve, zibil litter, trash, garbage reserve znaçok r. sign zar die, dice zogdyrylmak to spurt, zarba swift attack, blitzkreig gush, rush out zarbykdyrmak to wound, to zol all the time, constantly inflict harm zolak 1. bar 2. band, belt, zarbykmak to be hurt, to be strip inflamed zolakly striped zarñyldamak to call, ring zoluk compulsion zarp strength, force, power zomamak to go, to press zarpçy battler, fighter forward, to push zarplandyrmak to zomp edip çykak to jump strengthen out, to spring forth zarplanmak to be suddenly strengthened zompa suddenly zarÿadi r. 1. charge zona r. zone (electric) 2. cartridge, zoologik r. zoological ammunition zoologiÿa r. zoology zarÿadka r. 1. drill, zor 1. strong 2. force, exercise 2. loading, forceful charging zoraÿakdan by force, zarÿadlamak to load, to forcibly charge zordan with effort zaryn mournful, sad, zorlamak to compell, to plaintive force zarynlamak to mourn zowlatmak to shout, cry out zastawa r. outpost zowwam straight, through zat thing zowzuldamak to worry zawod r. factory zömmek pointed, conical zaÿa spoiled zörletmek to howl zaÿaçylyk rotteness zöwwe immediately, zaÿalamak to pollute, spoil without delay zaÿalamak to spoil, ruin zulum opression, tyranny Turkmen/English Dictionary 73

acquaintance beletçilik, tany?- age garrylyk, gojalyk, ÿa?, bili?, tany?lyk garramak, (said of men) acquainted belet gojamak acquire adykmak aged garry A acrobat akrobat(r) agenda gün tertibi action amal, perde agile çalasyn active aktiw(r), janly agility çalasynlyk a bir activity i? agitate tolgundyrmak a little biraz, çalaja, sähel, az- (r) (r) agitation tolguny?yk oblak, birazajyk actor aktÿor , artist ago mundan öñ, öñ a lot kän, köp, san-sajak, sansyz- actual ?indiki agree oñlamak, razyla?mak, sanjak-syz, ençeme, gerk-gäbe adapt adatlanmak, ylala?mak a lot of köpçülik, topbak uÿgunla?dyrmak agree upon ugurla?mak A student bä?lik adaptation werdi? agree with göwnamek ability ba?arnyklyk, gurbat, gurp, add gatmak, go?mak agreeable çekimiz, razy ukyplylyk, ukyp add a layer gatlamak agreement ylaly?yk, razÿlyk able ba?arnykly, gurbatly, ökde, add on go?mak agressor basybalyjy gurplanmak, gurply, ukyply addition go?maça agriculture ekerançylyk, oba abnormal ?umroÿ address adres(r), çykyw, hojalygy abode mesgen jarnama, ÿüzlenmek ah! ähä abolish goÿbolsun etmek, adherent ÿaran ah! I see! ä syndyrmak, synmak, ÿatyrmak adjective sypat aha! aha abolition ÿatyrlma adjoining gar?y aid ÿardam, dalda, goldaw, haraÿ, about barada, hakynda, takmyn, admiral admiral(r) hemaÿat, goldamak üsta?yr, golaÿ admire haÿran galmak aim maksat, gezemek, göz above da?gyn, ÿokarlygyna, admirer muçdak öñünde tutmak ÿokarsyna, ÿokary, ÿorkaryk admit boÿun almak aim at dogrulamak abrasion dyrnaçak admonition töwella, pent aimless peÿwagtna absence ÿokluk, propusk(r) adolescence ÿetginjeklik, air asman, howa, ?emallatmak absent-minded sölpi juwanlyk, ÿigitlik air out ÿelejiretmek absolute hyryn-dykyn, tümmek adolescent ÿetginjek airheaded ÿeñilkelle absolute pitch owaza adopted öweÿ airplane samolÿot(r), uçar absolutely düÿbünden adopted child ogullyk airs howala absolutely dry gus-gury adorn nagy?lamak, ha?amlamak alarm howsala, trewoga(r), absorb siñdirmek, sormak adornment ha?am, ?aÿ rahatsyzlandyrmak, absorbant cotton pamyk adroit çakgan ynjalyksyzlandyrmak abstract kospekt(r), adroitness çakganlyk alarmed rahatsyzlanmak (r) advance çozmak, ÿöremek alarming howsalaly kospektirlemek advance in absurd bolgusyz alcohol çakyr pregnancy agralmak alcoholic drink içgi abundance bereket advantage bähbit, nebis abundant bereketli, boluçlyk, alert synçy, hü?gär, howsala, adverb ahwalet (r) barly adversary gar?yda? hü?gär, trewoga abuse sögmek (r) alertness hü?gärlik abusive paÿy? advertisement reklama alien ÿat accelerate tizle?dirmek, advice geñe?, maslahat, sala, alive diri, diriligene, janly çaltlandyrmak sowet(r), habardar all barha, bary, ähli, hemme, accent ?iwe advise geñe?mek tükel, her, em accept kabul etmek adviser maslahatçy all day güna?a, günüzin acceptable makul advisors öwüt-nesihat all in all bary-ÿogy accident betbagtlyk aesthetic estetik(r) all of a sudden birdenka, tapba accidental tötänleÿin aesthetics estetika(r) all one's life ölinça accomodate ÿerle?dirmek affability mylakat all the time zol accomplish tamamlanmak affable ho?amaÿ, mylakatly Allah hudaÿ accomplished üstünlikli affair i? allegiance wepalylyk accordance kybap, laÿyklyk affect degirmek alley skwar(r) accordant sazla?yk affection höre-kö?e, yzgyt allow speak gepletmek accordian garmon(r) affectionate ÿürekde? ally ÿolda? according to boÿunça affirmative pola£hitel(r) almost diÿen ÿaly, takmynan, tas, account hasap takmyn affix affiks(r) account of hasabat alone ÿeke, ÿeke-çäk, täk African afrikaly accountant hasapçy along boÿunça after soñraundan, soñ accuracy mergenlik alphabet elipbiÿ afternoon öÿle, öÿle/öÿlän, öÿlän accurate rejeli alphabet book harplyk aftertaste çökündi accusative (gram.) aÿypgyç alphabet letter harp again baryp, täzeden, ÿene, accuse of ÿazgarmak already I era eÿÿam gaÿtandan, ikilenç ache yza, syrkyramak, syzlamak, also hem against gabat, gar?y, tersine syrkawlamak alter üÿtgetmek, özgertmek against one's will ygtyÿarsyz achievement üstünlik alteration üÿtge?iklik acid kislota(r) alterations özgeri?lik acquaint tany?dyrmak altercation tersle?ik Turkmen/English Dictionary 74

alternate gezekle?mek appetite i?dä artillery artilleriÿa(r) always elmydam, elmydama, applaud el çarpmak artilleryman topçy hemi?e, mydama, hernä applause çarpy?yk artist artist(r), hudo£nik(r), amass ÿygnanmak apple alma suratçy, hünärment amateur öwrenje apply for ÿüz tutmak artless göwnaçyk amateurs höwesjeñler appointment wezipe as hökmünde, dek amazing täsin appraise nyrhlamak as before köneçe ambassador ilçi appreciation minnetdarlyk as far as possible mümkingadar amiable mylakatly appreciative minnetdar as if goÿä, gözÿ, hamala ammendment düzedi? apprehension howatyr as it were hamala, hernä ammunition ok-dari, zarÿadi(r) apprentice ?ägirt as much as is needed geregiçe amount mukdar, san, pylança apprenticeship ?ägirtlik, as one birlikde amuse güÿmemek taglymat, tälim as soon as dessine amusement hezillik approach ebeteÿ, çemele?mek, as such hol, ?eÿle-de, tüÿsli, beÿle amusing güÿmenje golaÿlamak as though goÿä, hamala analysis derñew approimately takmyn as yet entek anchor labyr appropriate laÿyk, ÿerlikli as you would (pl.) sizingçe ancient gadym, gojaman, goja approval synag, tekge ash-pit (of a furnace) körük and we approve of makullamak ashamed of utanmak and even more ÿene apricot erik ashes kül and with that... galyberse-de apricot pit towça ashtray küldan anecdote ?orta söz apron fartuk(r) ask eÿgermek, dilemek, soramak, anew gaÿtandan, täzeçe, apropos ÿerlikli soramak, çintgemek ÿama?gan, ÿama?gandan, aquire kuwwatlanmak ask for haÿy? etmek täzeden arbitrariness eden-etdilik ask someone a angel peri?de archeological arheologik(r) question sora?mak anger gazap, gahar getirmek, archeologist arheolog(r) asphalt asfalt(r) gatyrganmak archeology arheolog(r) aspire ymtylmak angle burç, çüñk, ÿartmaç assault tutnak angry gazaply, gyñyr, gaharjan architecture arhitektura(r) (r) assemble toplanmak animal haÿwan, süÿdemdirijiler archive arhiw (r) animal breeder maldar ardour howur assembly gurultaÿ, montaA animal food iÿm area meÿdança assess nyrhlamak animal skin ham argue çekele?mek, dawala?mak, assignment komandirowka(r) animosity du?mançylyk jedelle?mek, (with someone) assimilate özle?dirmek ankle topuk jetle?mek assist arkala?mak anniversary ÿyllyk argument jedel, tutaryk, dawa assistance ÿowar announcement bildiri?, yglan argumentative dawaly, jedilli assistant assistent(r), kömekçi, etme arid gurak laborant(r) annoy irizmek, ÿürege dü?mek arise döremek, ÿüze çykmak association bilele?ik annoyance gikilewik arm gol assume çaklamak, çenlemek annual ÿyllyk arm oneself ÿaraglanmak asthma demgysma annul syndyrmak arm someone ÿaraglandyrmak astonishment haÿran anonymous anonom Armanian ermeni(r) astronaut komonawt(r) another özge armed ÿaragly (r) answer jogap, jogap bermek astronomer astronom armfull gujak (r) answer correctly dürs jogap armless golsuz, golak astronomy astronomiÿa bermek armpit goltuk at golaÿynda, üsta?yr ant garynja army go?un at attention smirno(r) antiquity gadymy aroma ys at dawn dañdan anxiety howatyr, ünji aromatic ho?boÿ, ysly at fault müÿnli anxious rahatsyzlanmak arouse interest at first öñürti any islän, kes in höweslendirmek at last teÿ-ahyr anything nämede bolsa bir zat arrange ugurla?mak, sözle?mek at once derrew, ur-tut apartment kwartira(r) arranged çäklenmek at present häzir ape maÿmyn arrest tussag etmek at random oÿlamazdan apologize ötunmenk arrested person tussag at the right time wagtly- apology ötünç, ötünç arrive gelmek, çemele?mek wagtynda, wagtynda apparent belki arrogance gedemlik, tekepbirlik at the very beginning ozalynda appeal jarnama, ?ikaÿat arrogant gopbamsy, gedam, at the wrong time biwagt appeal to ÿüz tutmak gompy, tekepbir at will isleg boÿunça appear görünmek, sekmek arrow ok athletics atletika(r) appear in the art sungat, çeperçilik atlas(r) atlaz distance magallaklamak artery damar atmosphere atmosfera(r) appear suddenly inmek artful çeper atom atom(r) appearance mysala, sypat, syrat, article çlen(r), madda, (of attach with glue ÿelmemek görnü?, kysym, sypat, ke?p magazine) makala attached with glue ÿelme?mek append go?mak artifice pirim appendage go?maça artificial emeli, ÿasama appendix go?maça artificial limb protez(r) Turkmen/English Dictionary 75

attack jenaÿatçylyk, hüjüm, bath wanna(r) jabjynmak, kakyn, zabt etmek, bath-house hammam arala?mak battallion batalion(r) attacker jenaÿeakär (r) attain success rowaçlanmak battery batareÿa B battle söwe? attempt synany?yk, dyrja?mak, synanmak battler zarpçy attend gatna?mak baby bala, bäbek, prezent bawl çygyrmak attention dykgat, gara?yk, üns baby donkey taÿhar bay (color of a horse) dor attentively siñe baby goat owlak bayonet naÿza attitude garaÿy? bachelor sallah bazaar bazar be bolmak attitudes otno?enie(r) back çöwre, geri?, ÿagyrny, (adj.) syrtky, (physical) arka be able to ökdelemek, bilmek, attract özüñe çekmek edip bilmek, ba?armak attractive görnükli back of a horse/donkey sagry (r) be absorbed siñmek audience diñleÿji back-up zapas be afflicted ynjamak auditiorium auditoriÿa(r) backside syrt, yz be afraid eÿmenmek, aunt daÿza bacteria bakteria(r) namartlamak, gorkmak, authentic ähtibar bad bet, erbet, myrtar, pis, çekinmek, üÿ?enmek, haÿykmak, authority at-abraÿ, häkimiÿet ugursyz, ÿaman, ÿaramaz oñkuldamak automobile ma?yn bad feelings jetlik be aired out ?emallamak, autumn güÿz bad luck betbagt ÿelejirmek available nagt badger torsuk be alerted keÿkertmek, özgermek avaracious husyt badness betlik, erbetlik be amused güÿmenmek avenue prospekt(r) bag bukja, sumka(r), torba be angry hyrsyzlanmak, average ortaçal baggage bagaj(r) sortdurmak avoid gaçalaklamak, bail zamun be annoyed hyrsyñy di?lemek ÿadyrgamak, gaça durmak, bake peç etmek, ÿapmak be anxious ynjalyksyzlanmak gaçgakmak, gaçalak etmek baked meat pie içlekli, içlik be at the end süÿrenjen, avoidance gaçalga balance terezi, taÿlamak süÿrenmek awake oÿa, turmak balcony balkon(r) be bankrupt tozmak awaken oÿarmak bald sakar kelle be beautified owadanlanmak awe yzzat (r) be bent bükülmek, egrelmek awkward emelsiz, müÿnürgemek ball pökgi, ?ar , top be bloated ÿellenmek awkwardness emelsizlik ballet balet(r) be born dogulmak, dünÿä inmek, awl biz ballistic ballistik(r) önmek awning bassyrma, telär balloon howa ?ary be broken ÿolunmak axe palta banal lenç bolmak be burned up köÿmek axis ok band zolak be bursting dyzamak bandage sarag be capricious näzirgemek bandit galtaman, garakçy be captivated gürma bolmak bandy-legged çaslyk, çaÿ?yk be careful ägä bolmak banister tutawaç be chosen saÿlanmak bank bank, seññer be cleaned saplanmak banquet wreath çemen be cold ü?emek, ü?etmek bar zolak be collected ÿygnanmak baracade barrikada(r) be compatible oñu?mak barb tiken be complicated çyl?yrymla?dyrma barbarism gerbariÿ(r) k barbed tikenli be concealed gizlemek barber dellek be cooked bi?mek barber shop dellekhana be coupled with garpy?mak barefoot aÿakÿalañaç be courteous salykatly bargain söwdala?mak be covered with bark gabyk mist nemjiremek barley arpa be dampened nemlenmek barren gysyr be dazed gama?mak (r) barrier barÿer be defeated basylmak barter çal?yrmak, çaly?mak be delayed täsgenmek, base baza(r), esas, düÿp, tyl eglenmek basement ÿerzemin, podwal(r) be dented ÿem?ermek bashful utanjañ be destroyed çagsamak, basic esasy opurylmak basically esasan be detained güÿmenmek basin legen, taññyr be digested siñmek basis esas, fundament(r) be directed eñmek, gönümek be disappointed lapykeç bolmak basket kuzow(r) be disgusted gama?mak baste köklemek be disheveled ime?mek basting kök be dispirited lapykeç bolmak Turkmen/English Dictionary 76 be divided paÿlanmak be lost ÿitirim bolmak, be tired irmek, peteñ etmek be driven crazy bizar bolmak gaçgakmak be torn ÿyrtylmak be drizzled siññitli be made of edilmek be tortured surnukmak be dumb-founded sömelmek be made well abadanla?mak be uncaring dözmek be empty takyramak be mistaken ÿalñy?mak be united birle?mek be engaged (in) me?gullanmak be mixed bulanmak, gary?mak be unpleasant ÿoku? degmek be entitled to hakly bolmak be noted tapawutlanmak be unsettled gorsanmak be eroded oburylmak be numb süu go?amak be upset peri?an bolmak, be eyes and ears) göz-gulak be occupied rahatsyzlanmak bolmak (with) me?gullanmak be vexed hekgermek be faced with duçar bolmak, du? be offended göwnüne degilmek, be victorious ÿeñmek, bolmak kemsinmek, öÿkelemek, ÿüwürmek be fallen ilmek torsarmak, ÿoku? görmek, be warped ÿarsmak be fascinated with gyzmak ÿarsmak be wet süllümbaÿ be fed iÿmitlenmek be old çagsamak be widened giñelmek be fermented ajamak be on one's guard ü?erilmek be worn out könelmek be fervoured gyzykmak be on the alert ü?erilmek be worthy rowa bolmak be filled dolmak be on time ÿeti?mek be woven dokalmak be finished tükenmek, ÿolgalmak be oppressed ezilmek be wrinkled bürje?mek be firm ersmek be organized çäklenmek beach plÿa£(r) be flipped over dönmek be out of breath daljykmak beads hünji, monjuk be fond of gowy görmek be parted dyr-pytrak bolmak, beam nur, pürs, ?öhle be found tapylmak, ogu?ÿa ÿapy?mak beany kösükli be founded on esasanlamak be placed goÿulmak bear (animal) aÿy be fragrant kükemek be poured out dökülmek bear (bring) gelmek be frightened ürkmek, be prim eljiremek bear a burden jepa çekmek hopukmak be propped up direnmek bear fruit miwelemek be frosty jybarlamak be protected baÿrynmak, bearable çydamly be frozen doñmak goranmak beard sakgal be fulfilled bitmek be proud buÿsanmak, beast ÿyrtyjy be glad monça bolmak guwanmak beat gürsüldemek, urunmak be glued ÿelme?mek be proven subut bolmak beat on ÿençmek be going (on a regular be provoked hekgermek beat up ÿençmek basis) gatnamak be pushed in dykny?mak beautiful gel?ikli, kaçañ, owadan, be guided gollanmak be put together guranmak ajaÿyp be hackneyed lenç bolmak be quarrelsome igenmek beautiful woman perizat, be hairy tüÿjermek be quiet dymmak näzenin be hanging asylyp durmak be ratified tassyklanmak beauty gel?ik, görk, gözellik, be happy söÿnmek be reconciled ylala?mak owadanlyk be hardened taplanmak be rectified düzelmek because çünki, sebäbi, zerarly be heard owazlanmak, be regarded hasaplanmak become a citizen raÿat- bolmak seslenmek be related garynda?syramak become a man kemal be hooked ilte?mek be repeated gaÿtalanmak become be housed jaÿla?mak be resolved çözülmek accustomed öwreni?mek be hunched over küÿkermek be right against galta?dyrmak become aggravated ÿitile?mek be hung sallanmak be ruined bozylmak, ÿykylmak become chilly çigremek be hungry ajykmak be satisfied kanagatlanmak, become be hurt zarbykmak oñmak complicated çyl?yrymla?mak, be idle ÿaltanmak be scared of ürkmek kynla?mak be ill hassalamak, kesellemek, be settled ÿerlemek become cool salkynlamak näsag bolmak, syrkawlamak be shaken titretmek become dark garalmak be improved ÿag?ylanmak, be shamed uÿalmak become dense galñamak ÿag?yla?mak be shortened keltelmek become disinterested sowamak be in order hatarlamak be shy ÿygrylmak, utanmak become distant uzakla?mak be in short supply gytalmak be situated ÿerle?mek become dry kepemek, kakamak be inflamed zarbykmak be snoopy sokgarylmak become dull kütelmek be insecure aljyramak be soaked süllümbaÿ become dusty çaññalak, be interested gyzyklanmak be spoiled ajamak tozanlamak be interesting to gyzykdyrmak be still çä?ermek, durmak become easier ÿeñlemek, be introduced to tany?mak be straightened up dogralmak ÿeñle?mek be isolated çetle?mek be strengthened zarplanmak become embarassed ÿygrykmak be jealous imtilmek, gabanmak be stuffed (from eating) zerrin become empty çolarmak be knotted düwülmek bolmak become enervated ejizlemek be late gijikmek be supported baÿrynmak become entangled çola?mak be lazy iññgildi, irinmek be surprised geñirgenmek become fatigued leji çykmak be leafy ÿapraklamak be sweet süÿjemek become flat ma??armak be leaning söÿenmek be swollen ÿellenmek become friends dostla?mak, be led eÿermek be taken with deprenmek ysny?mak be lengthened uzalmak be the first öñürtmek become full bitmek be lifted galmak be thirsty suwsamak, suwsamak be tightened büzülmek Turkmen/English Dictionary 77 become full of epmek, gañrylamak, gañyrmak, blind kör oneself gomparmak gaÿ?artmak, gy?artmak, blindman's bluff become furious öjükmek ÿeg?ermek, yrmak, (oneself) (game) gözdandy become ill näho?lamak, bükülmek blindness körlük näsaglamak bend back gaÿ?artmak bliss rähnet become infected simlemek beneficial haÿyrly blissful rähnetli become inflamed çi?mek benefit haÿyr, ÿag?ylyk, blister pakgarçak become interested gönenmek blitzkreig zarba in höweslenmek benevolent ho?niÿetli blizzard syrgyn become literate sowatmak bent egri block beklemek become overripe mylkarmak berries kisel blood gan, süÿtde? become pus-like iriñlemek besides da?yndan, ondan hem bloodless gansyz become quiet rahatlanmak, ba?ga bloody ganly ünjalmak bestial wag?ylarça bloom güllemek become rich baÿan, baÿanmak betray satmak blooming gülle become silent kö?e?nek betrothe adaglamak blotch tegmil become small ownamak, u?amak betrothed adagly blow urgy, öwüsmek, üflemek become soft myjjarmakñ between planets planetara(r) blow one's nose sümgürmek become strong gurplanmak between two people özara blow up maÿyrmak, ÿarmak become thin inçelmek beverage host içirgi blue gök become warm maÿlamak, beware of howtyrlanmak bluest göm-gök çigremek beyond da?gyn, gaÿdyp blunt dürtme gürsak, tünt, kütek, become weather- bibliophile kitaphon, kitapsöÿüji küteltmek beaten gaÿzykmak bicycle welosiped(r) bluntly çürt-kesik become wet öljermek big belent, ullakan, çi?ik board tagta, münmek, become wormy gurtlamak big in size uly komissiÿa(r), prowlenie(r) become worn out leji çykmak (r) boarded up jebis become wrinkled mürrelmek billion milliard bind bogmak, dolamak boarding school internat(r) become yellow saralmak boast güplemek, öwünmek, (r) bind (a book) jiltlemek bed dü?ek, krowat binding jilt magtanmak bed sheet porsyn(r) binoculars dürbi boasting öwünjeñlik bedbug tagtabiti biography biografiÿa(r), boat gaÿyk bedding ÿorgan-dü?ek, dü?ek terjimehal bob (of an animal's tail) jontuk bee ary (r) bobbin tigir bee-keeper balçy biology biologiÿa (r) (r) body beden, endam, korpus , beehive bort(r) birch berÿoza läsh, jisim bird gu? beer piwa(r) boil ba?, çyban, gaÿnamak, bird of prey ÿyrtyjy gaÿnatmak, (water for tea) beet ?ugundyr bird-house ketek beet soup ??i(r) demlemek birth doglu?, botlamak boiled gaÿnag before ozal, öñürti, öñüsyra, ga?, birthday doglan güni mundan öñ, öñinçä bold ÿürekli, batyr, ilginç birthmark täç boldness batyrlyk, ÿüreklilik before sunset gijara biscut köke befriend tirke?mek bolt kilt, kiltlemek bit tike (r) beg özelenmek bitch ganjyk bomb bomba , bombalamak beggar a?aky, gedaÿ bite atagzy, çokmak, di?lemek, bombastic epeÿ begin ba?lamak, giri?mek, geçmek garbak-gurbak etmek, bone süñk begin to grow ternelemek garbanmak, ÿürkese edinmek, bone marrow ÿilik beginning start(r) çeÿnemek book kitap behavior özüni alyp bary?, bite through tam?anmak book-lover kitaphon, kitapsöÿüji häsiÿet, bolu? biting çapgyn bookkeeper buhgalter(r), behind yzynda, yzy bilen black gara uçÿotçik(r) being barlyk blackberry böwürslen boot ädik, üste, üstesine, mesi belch gägirmek blackboard tagta booth kabina(r), atÿatak belief ynam, ynanç blacken garalamak borax tenekar believe ynanmak blackhead düwürtik border araçäk, çet, çäk, çil, gyra, bell jañ, jyññyrdy blade tyg, gylaw, pyçak lüñ, pel, serhet, jähek, het bellow molamak blame aÿyplamak, günäkärlemek, border guard serhetçi bellows körük, sanaç müÿnli bordering araçäkde? belly-button göbek blameless günäsiz bore burawlamak belly-laugh wakyrdamak blank propusk(r) boring gyzyksiz belong degi?li bolmak blanket odeÿal(r) borscht bor?(r) belongings emläk, go?-golañ, go? blaze ÿylpyldy, labyrdamak, bosom emjek beloved ÿar, söÿli lowlamak (r) below a?ak, ast boss ba? tutan, ba?lyk, naçalinik bleach heklemek (r) below zero minus(r) botanical botanika bleat çekremek, mälemek bother ÿürege dü?mek, päsgel belt bilbag, gu?ak, bilgu?ak, zolak bleed ganjarmak Belugian doky bermek blemish menek bottle çüÿ?e bend çitmek, eplenmek, epilmek, blessed e?retli, sapaly bükmek, çaÿ?armak, egmek, blessing pata Turkmen/English Dictionary 78

bottom ast, düÿp, aÿaguç, teÿ, brilliant genial(r), lowurdawuk, businessman söwdagar syrt ÿalpyldawuk, röw?en, ÿalpylda bustle gaÿmala?mak bounce bökmek duran busy i?li, me?gul, ba?agaÿ boundary het, çet bring getirmek, eltmek, äklemek, busy-body gepçi boundless çäksiz, ymgyr rejelemek, timarlamak, alyp but emma, weli bow egmek, tijemek, tijenmek gelmek but also weli bowl ?akäse, tabak, jam bring good tidings bu?lamak butcher gassap bowstring kiriç bring grief to gynamak butchery öl?ük box gap, gapyrjak, guty, tahyl, bring in girizmek butt çüwde, süsmek ÿa??ik(r) bring life janlandyrmak butt into dykylmak boxer boksçy bring up ÿokarlanmak, butt of a joke oÿnatgy boxing boks(r) terbiÿelemek butter mesge boy oglan, ogul brittle port butterfly kebelek boys and girls ogul-gyz broken döwük, harap, ÿyrtyk, button ilik, knopka(r), sadap brace arkadaÿänç, direg, diremek opmak buy satyn almak bracelet bilezik bronze bürünç buy up towsa götermek brag öwünmek, magtanmak, brood hen kürk buyer alyjy pañlamak broom sübce buzz wazzyldy, güwwüldemek, braggard öwünjeñ brother dogan, garda? hyzlamak, ?uwlamak, ?yglamak, braid saç örümi, çyrma?mak, brother -in- arms eginde? tarlamak, wazypdamak örmek, örmek brother-in-law ÿüwürji, giew by accident tötänden brain beÿni brotherhood doganlyk by chance tötänleÿin, äwül-säwül branch pudak, ?aha brow mañlaÿ by command zakaznoÿ branch out pudaklamak, brown goñur by comparison görä ?ahalamak bruise señselik by correspondence gaÿybana branchy ?ahalak brush çotga(r), timar bermek, by daylight ÿagtygözin brand tagma, tagmalamak, çotgalamak(r) by foot pyÿada daglamak brush against lak atmak by force zoraÿakdan brandish bulaÿlamak (r) by no means teÿ brush off silkmek, çotgalamak by order zakaznoÿ brave edermen, mert brush up y?yklandyrmak bravely merdana, mertlerçe by pairs ikibir brushwood çöpleme (r) bravery pet brutal wag?ylarça by portions paÿa breach gädik bubble köpürjik, lakyrdamak by the clock çasowoÿ(r) bread çörek, nan, ÿatak, galla bubbling lakyrdy by the hour çasowoÿ(r) breadth inli buck up gaÿratlanmak by the piece ÿekeleÿin breadwinner ekleÿji buckle toka by the way ÿogsa-da break tormoz(r), döwmek, bud pyntyk, ?inde, gunça by turns gezegine, gezek- döwülmek, kül-peekun etmek, budge gymyldamak gezigine omurmak budget bÿujet(r) by way of üsti bilen break down maÿrylmak, bug möjek by-pass sowulmak haraplamak build gurmak by-passed sowa break inpieces mynjyramak build firmly ersmek break off ÿyrtmak, gätmek building bina, jaÿ, ymarat break out (in a rash) örmek (r) break through böwüsmek building site obÿekt break up ça?mak bulging güberçek break. time-out arakesme bull öküz breakage ?ikes bulldozer buldozer(r) breakfast ertirlik, ertirlik nahar bullet seçme breast dö?, emjek, göwüs, gursak bum sergezdan breath dem bump pakgarçak breath heavily demikmek bump against degmek breathe dem almak bun ÿagly breeding edep bunch desse, ho?a, salkym breeze öwüsgin burden jepa brew lasyrdamak bureau bÿuro(r) bribe para burial jaÿlama briber parahor burn garalmak, otlamak, ötmek brick kerpiç(r) burn up köÿmek bride gelneje, gelin burning jokrama bride price galyn burp gägirmek bridge köpri burrow hin bridge of the nose señrik burst çatlamak bridle kelleki, uÿan, uÿanlamak burst into kürsemek bridle a horse nogtalamak bursting gyrylmak briefcase portfel(r) bury gaplamak, jaÿlamak briefly gysgaça bus konductor(r) brighten ÿagtylmak business-like edenli brilliance öwü?gin, ÿalpyldy business-trip komandirowka(r) Turkmen/English Dictionary 79

captivity ÿesirlik ceiling potolok(r) capture eÿelemek celebrate dabaralanmak caravan kerwen celebrated me?hur carbon uglerod(r) celebration dabara, toÿ C carbonated gazly cellar podwal(r) carcass läsh cellophane sellofan(r) card kartoçka(r) c'mon bakaly cellulose sellÿuloza(r) cardboard karton (r) cabbage kellem care gözeg, ideg, ?öwür cement sement , sementlemek cabin kaÿuta care for alada etmek, cemetery mazarçylyk, öwlüÿa cable tanap aladalanmak center merkez, orta, ojak, uzel(r), cackle gagyldamak carefree biagyry jümmü? cadaver maslyk, meÿit careful usully, ätiÿaçly, seresap centimeter senitmeter(r) cafe kebaphana carefully seresaply central merkezi cafeteria naharhana careless biagyry, biparh, hapysa, central design göl cage kapasa howul-hara centralize merkeleçdirmek (r) (r) cake pirog , tort carelessness geleñsizlik century asyr calculate hasap etmek, cares alada, hysyrdy cerebral cortex gyzamyk hasaplamak caress höre-kö?e, yzgyt ceremonial dabaraly calculation rasçÿot(r) cargo ÿük ceremony dabara calendar kalendar(r) cargo ship teplowoz(r) certain gürrüñsiz, hatyrjem calf (young cow) göle carnage gyrgynçylyk certain people käbiri calico jir carnation dalçyn certificate ?ahadatnama, call atlandyrmak, oÿarmak, carnival karnawal ?aÿatnama wizit(r), çagarmak, jyññyrdamak, carpenter gurlu?ykçy chaff harpyk kösemek, zarñyldamak, carpet haly chain zynjyr çagyrmak carpet maker halyçy chair oturgyç, stul(r) call order tertibe çagyrmak carpet-making dokma chalk hek, mel(r), hek carrot kä?ir call up jyññyrdatmak chamber kamera(r), palata(r) callous gabarçyk, gabarmak carry da?amak, äkitmek, champion çempion(r) calm haÿ-kü? etmek, höre-kö?e ?ugullamak (r) etmek cart araba championship çempionat calm down kö?e?nek, cartilidge gemirçek chance mümkinçilik rahatlanmak, ünjalmak cartoon karikatura(r) chancellor rektor(r) calmly ine-gana, mazaly cartoon character ?ar£ chandelier lÿstra(r) caloric kaloriÿaly(r) cartridge zarÿadi(r) change özgeri?, özgertmek, calorie kaloriÿa(r) case ÿa??ik(r), delil, tahyl çaly?mak, üÿtgetmek, (returned money) gaÿtargy calve botlamak, guzlamak cashier kassir(r) change clothes çal?yrynmak camel düÿe, maÿa, torum cashier's desk kassa(r) camel's milk (fermented) çal change money ownatmak cask çelek changes özgeri?lik camera fotoapparat(r) cast a spell jadylamak chaos garma-gürmelik camomille çopantelpek cast down sallamak chapati çapady (r) camp lager , dü?elge cast iron çoÿun(r) chapped gaÿzykmak campaign ÿörü? caste jyn, synp chapter bap can tüññün casting (metal) guÿma char gara-ört bolmak canal kanal(r) casual tötänden, tötänleÿin character gylyk, häsiÿet, häsiÿet candidate kandidat(r), cat pi?ik characteristic harakteristika(r), kandidatly(r) catalogue katalog mahsus, has, reje candle ?em catastrophe heläkçilik characterize häsiÿetlendirmek catch kilt, gapmak candy marmelad(r), süÿji charge oklamak, zarÿadlamak, catch a cold çigreklemek, (electric) cane çiñrik, taÿak sowuklamak, ÿoñlamak, ü?emek zarÿadi(r) FALSE canned foods konserw(r) catch hold of iÿilmek charge with ÿazgarmak cannon top categorically çürt-kesik charge with a cap papak category kategoria, azrÿad(r) capability ukyp comission tab?yrmak cathedral ybadathana charitable geçirimli capable ukyply, ba?arnykly, cats guzlamak charter ustaw(r) güÿçli, ökdelemek cattle mal chase kowgy, çekankalamak, capacity sygym cause iñirdi, sebäp, sypalga kowalmak cape ÿapynja cause pain agyrtmak, chat söhbet, lakgyldamak capital paÿtagt uwlundyrmak chatter warsaky, gygyrmak, capitalism kapitalizm(r) cause trouble iñirdemek madyrdamak, samahylamak (r) caution ätiÿaç capitalist kapitalist (r) (r) cautious aÿawly, ätiÿaçly chauffeur ?ofÿor capitalistic kapitalistik cheat kezzap capricious ynjyk cave gowak, süren, köwek cave in gaÿ?armak cheating kezzaplyk captain kapitan(r) cease diñmek, tüketmek, check çek, barlamak captivating hezil togtamak check against deñemek, captive ÿesir deñe?dirmek, de?irmek Turkmen/English Dictionary 80

check-up barlag cistern sisterna(r) clump desse checkers (Asian style) ?a?ka(r) cite salgylanmak clumsy nalajedeÿin cheek duluk, ÿañak citizen grajjdan(r) cluster ho?a cheek-bone çekge citizens halk clutch gysym cheer up göwnüne gotermek citizenship raÿat coach trener(r) cheerful mes, ?agalañly city ?äher coal kömür cheerfulness meslik claim zaÿawka(r), talap coarse harsal cheese peÿnir clamorous haÿÿar coast kenar, gyra chemical himiki(r) clamp gapjawaç, gapjamak coat begres, penjek, çaÿmak chemistry himiÿa(r) clamp on to garpy?mak coating ÿorka cherished jana-jan clan taÿpa, tire cobweb kerep cherry ülje clap el çarpmak, çarpmak cock horaz, mä?e chess kü?t clarified butter saryÿag cocoa kakao(r) chess player kü?t?i clarify saplamak, anyklyk cocoon pile chest kükrek, sandyk, ÿa??ik(r) class synp, razrÿad(r), klas(r) coddled lälik chew çenemek, çeÿnemek classical klassyky code ?ifr(r), ?ifrlemek(r), (of law) chew nuts çitgitlemek classical writer klassyk kodeks(r) chick jüÿje classmate klasda? coffee kofe(r) chicken towuk clatter ?arkyldamak, ?arkyldy, coffin tabyt chicken pox garamyk tyrkyldy cogitate öl?ermek chief naçalinik(r), ba? tutan claw dyrnak, ÿumak coil tegek chigger sakyrtga clay laÿ, palçyk, toÿun coin ?aÿy, teññe, çekankalamak child çaga, prezent clay oven tamdyr coincide gabat gelmek childhood çagalyk, oglanlyk clean arassa, päkize, tämiz, päk, cold sowuk, sowuklyk, ÿoñ childness çagalyk tara?lamak, arassalamak, cold- children çaga-çuga çotgalamak(r) bloodedness sowukganlylyk children's çaga cleanliness päkizelik, tämislik colic sanjy chill ÿoñ cleanse tara?lamak, tämizlemek collaboration hyzmat da?lyk chime ?aññyrdy cleansing tara? collapse lag?amak chimney truba(r) clear dü?nükli, päk, durlamak collar hamyt, hamytlamak chin alkym, eñek clear off gyrtyç colleague i?des, i?ger, i?gär, china farfor(r) clearing meÿdan kärde? chintz jir cleave çybyklamak collect üÿ?ürmek, ÿygnamak, chinze çit clever berekella, dü?bi, akylly ykjamlamak, çöplemek chirp ?atyrdamak, çakmak cleverness dü?bülik collection kolleksiÿa(r), chisel oÿmak click tiññirdi, ?yññyrdamak, ÿygnany?yk, ÿygym chit-chat gümür-yamyr tiññirdemek, tiññirdetmek collective farm kolhoz(r) click one's tongue pitikilemek chocolate ?okolad collective farmer kolhozçi(r) choice saÿlama client müçderi cliff gaÿa collector ÿygymçy choke hopukmak collide çaky?mak, çakny?mak, choke on düwünmek climb dyrma?mak, hopba bolmak, ÿarma?mak, ÿokary çykmak (head on) kakly?mak cholera mergi collision çakny?yk clinic dispanser(r), klinika(r) choose saÿlamak, seçmek cologne odekolon(r) chop kotlet(r), çybyklamak, clip endiganlamak clippings galak-galçak colonel polkownik(r) çapmak, kätmenlemek (r) chop off gätmek cloak ÿapynja colonial bakyna, koloniÿal , chop up kerçemek clock sagat golasty chop with an axe paltalamak clod lokga, tokga colony kolonoÿa(r) chopper çapgy close kapas, taga?ykly, basyrmak, color reñklemek, reñk chosen saÿlanan, saÿlama ÿapmak, ÿummak colored reñkli chronic öwrendekli close eyes süzülmek colorful reñkli (r) close to du? colt taÿçanak, taÿ chronicle hronika closed ÿapyk column kolonna(r), sütün, sütün chubby lopbush, pökgi closely du?ly comb darak, kekeç, timar chuckle hykyrdy, hykyrdamak, closeness golaÿlyk, (emotional) bermek, daramak ÿykyrdamak, pykyrdamak ysny?yk comb one's hair tüÿtmek chunk kerç cloth mata (r) church buthana clothes egin-e?ik, e?ik, e?ikler, combine kombaÿn , urnamak, churn up saÿmak geÿim, geÿim-e?ik, geÿim-gejim utga?dyrmak, sapmak cigarette çilim clothes peg ildirgiç come gelmek cipher ?ifr(r) clothesline sim come across tapmak, unamak, ciphere ?ifrlemek(r) clothing eginba?, lybas, üst-ba? çaky?mak, uçramak (r) cloud bulut, büremek come apart ça?mak circle aÿlag, aÿlaw, sirkul , come back dolanmak syramak cloudburst jala cloudy alasarmyk, gama?yk, come down çökmek, dü?mek circular aÿlawly, tegelek come down on dazarylmak circulation tira£ (personal) çytyk clover ÿorunja come late giçlemek circumcision sünnet come off ÿokmak, ÿoku?mak (r) club klub(r), kru£ok(r), taÿak circus sirk come on! davaÿ(r) circus arena maner cluck käkelemek, wakgyldamak Turkmen/English Dictionary 81 come taking alyp gelmek completely bütinleÿ conquer üstün çykmak, ÿeñmek, come the point dille?mek complex çyl?yrymly, kompleks(r) eÿelemek come to du? gelmek complicate kynla?dyrmak conscience wyjdan, ynsap, come to life direlmek, janlanmak complicated çyl?yrymly namys come untied çözülmek compliment öwmek conscientious ynsaply come up gögermek component go?ulyjy consciousness müÿn comedy komediÿa(r) compose taÿyarlamak consecutive birsydyrgyn comfort taga?yk composed düzüwli, giñ consequently netijede comfortable amatly, jaÿla?ykly, composer kompozitor(r), düzüji conservatory konserwatoriÿa(r) ynjalykly, çemeli, taga?ykly composite kompleksleÿin(r) consider hasaplamak, comfortably orna?ykly, ÿerde?ikli composition düzme, düzüm, äsgermek, saÿmak coming barly?yk eser considerable esli, ähmiÿetli coming out nejat compositor ÿygyjy consideration oÿlanma comission tab?yryk compound go?ma considered hasaplanmak, comma otur comprehensive hemmetaraplaÿy oÿlany?ykly command buÿruk, n consist ybarat bolmak komandowanie(r), buÿurmak, (r) consistent kanagatly, yzygideri compress kompres consolidate pugtalandurmak, höküm, zakaz(r) comprised of ybarat (r) jebisle?mek commandant komendant compulsion jebir, jepa, zoluk consolidation jebislik commander komandir(r), compulsory mejbury, hökmany consonant çekimsiz ses komanduÿyçiÿ(r), serkerde conceal jaÿlamak, ÿyg?yrmak, conspiracy dildüw?ük commerce aluw-satuw, söwda, bukmak, gizlenmek, lak bolmak, constantly zol ÿa?yrmak, sumat bolmak söwda constitution konstitutsiÿa(r), süu (r) conceit men-menlik commissar komissar conceited gompy, gopbamsy construction gurlu?, gurlu?lyk, commission komissiÿa(r), sargyt concentrate ÿygnamak konstruksiÿa(r) commissions hysyrdy concern degirmek consul konsul(r) committe komitet(r) concerning degi?li, dogruda consulate konsulhana(r), committee komissiÿa(r) concert konsert(r) konsullyk(r) commodity haryt concerted maslahatlaçylyk consult hötde gelmek, çaramak, common umumy concession egli?ik maslahatlaçmak common cold dümew conclusion gutary?, netije, karar consultation konsultasiÿa(r) common people concordant sazla?yk consume sarp etmek, sowmak (???) garamaÿak concourse hümer contain eklemek commoness umumylyk concrete beton(r) contemporary häzirki, (peer) communism kommunizm(r) condition ?ert, ÿagdaÿ döwürde? communist kommunist(r) conditional ?ertli content mazmuny, razy communist youth conditions oññut contentment razÿlyk conduct özüni alyp bary?, league komsomol(r) contest konkurs(r) ÿazlamak, geçirmek, ÿöretmek community umumylyk continent materik (r) community aid ÿowar conductor geçiriji, prowodnik , continental kontinental(r) companion ?ärik, ÿolda? (of a band or orchestra) (r) (r) contingent kontingent company kampaniÿa, rota(r) dirijÿor , (on a train) continual çykgynsyz comparison meñzetme konductor(r) continually dura-bara, compartment (on a confer maslahatla?mak durdugyça train) kupe(r) conference konferensiÿa(r), continue dowam etmek compass kompas(r) mejlis, gurultaÿ, maslahat continuous birsyhly compassion mähri, rehim confess boÿun almak contract potratçylyk, ?ertnama compassionate dözümsiz, confide sargamak, sarmak contradictory gapma-gar?y rehimdar, rehimli confidential ynanjañ contribution go?ant compel pu?man getermek, conflict dawa contrive tos-toslamak zorlamak conform laÿyk bolmak control kontrol(r), kontrollyk(r), compensate tölemek conformity kybap dolandyrmak, geçirmek compensation öwez confuse ÿalñy?dyrmak, çal?yrmak controller kontrolÿor(r) compete ÿary?mak confused garja?mak controversy çekele?ik compete with çapy?mak confusion bulam-bujar, señselik, convenience taga?yk garma-gürmelik, haÿa competition konkurs(r), ÿary? convenient çemeli, taga?ykly congeal ?atlamak compiler düzüji convenient situation çeme congratulate gutlamak complain käÿinmek, ?ikaÿat convention gurultaÿ congratulation mübärek etmek, zeÿrenmek, nalamak conversation gep-gürrüñ, gep, congratulations gutlag complaint naly?, ?ikaÿat, zeÿrenç, gürrüñ, söz (r) (r) nala congress kongres , slÿot conversation partner söhbetde? complete ?alpy-?arañ, hyryn- conical çüri, zömmek conversational geplem?ek dykyn, tamamlanmak, tümmek, connect baglamak, sepi?mek, converse geple?mek, torsuk, aÿyrmak, soñlamak, seplemek, çitmek gürrüñde?mek ÿerine ÿetirmek, aÿrylmak, (a connection çitim, arabaglan?yk, conversion ÿüzlenme aragatna?yk set) komplektlemek(r), convex güberçek convey gow?uramak komplekt(r) Turkmen/English Dictionary 82

conveyor konweÿer(r) covering pena cross-country race kros(r) convince ynandyrmak covet emenmek, imtilmek crossing olum convincing ynandyryjy, degerli cow sygyr crossroads çatryk cook a?pez, bi?irmek, taÿyarlamak coward namart, züwwetdin crow garga, zag cookie köke, peçenÿa(r) cowardice gorkaklyk, namartlyk crowd hümer, üÿ?meleñ, cool salkyn, ters, sowamak cowardly sarç, namart tümmeklemek coolness seleñ crack jaÿryk, ?artyldy, çat, ?atyrdy, crowding dykny?yk ?yrkyldamak, ÿaryk, y?, cooperative kooperatiw(r) crown pür, täç, sülenmek çitgitlemek, hytyrdamak, crude harsal coopertation hyzmat da?lyk jaÿrylmak, pylçamak, coordinated maslahatlaçylyk cruel zabun ?artyldamak, ?atyrdamak, cruiser kreÿser(r) cope oñarmak, özle?dirmek ÿarylmak, paramak copper mis crumb owuntyk crack up çatlamak, maÿrylmak crumble owmak, owranmak, copy kopiÿa(r), nusga, crackle ?artyldamak, ?yrkyldy, (r) pytramak ekzemplÿar ?atyrdamak, ?yrkyldamak crumbly ÿum?ak copying wypiska(r) crackling jyzzyk crumple lokgalamak, coquetry näz craft hünär, senet, ÿasamak tokgalamak, ÿygyrmak coquettish näzli crafted hünärmentçilik crunch hytyrdamak, hatyrdamak, core özen- craftiness hilegärlik, hokga, hile, kibirdemek, kitirdetmek, cork dyky ?eÿtanlyk ykyrdamak, hokurdamak corn mekgejöwen craftsman hünärment, ussat, crush itni?ik, dykny?yk, corn silk gulpak ussa, ÿasaÿjy külkelemek, maÿdalamak corner çüñk, künjek, (of the eye) crafty mekir crust (of bread) gyñak çikge crag gaÿa crutch pi?ek corpse läsh, maslyk, meÿit cram in ÿuwa?amak cry haÿkylyk, aglamak, eñremek, correct dürs, hak, mamla, jaÿ crane (bird) durna (of a baby) jägildemek corrected gurat crash ?atyrdy, çakny?yk, ?artyldy, cry out zowlatmak, çygyrmak, correspondent habarçy gürpüldemek haÿkyrmak, heñkirmek, corresponding kybapda? crawl ÿorelmek, emedeklemek, waÿkyrmak süÿrenmek corridor koridor(r) cry out angrily herrelmek crawl away pitirdemek cosmetics kosmetika(r) crying agy crazy däli, telbe (r) cosmonaut komonawt(r) creak ykyrdy, ykyrdamak crystal hrustal (r) Cossack kazak cream gaÿmak, krem(r) cube kub costly ?aÿ-sep creamy gaÿmakly cubicle kabina(r) cotton gowaça, pagta, çit, çapak crease epin cuckoo ikatäk cotton boll goza create döretmek, gurmak, cucumber hyÿar cough üsgülewuk, üsgürlewük, döretmek cultivate ösdürmek üsgürmek creation döredijilik, döretme cultivation kultiwatsiÿa(r) cough up ardynjyramak creations ?ahyrlyk (r) council ybadathana, maslahat cultivator kultiwator creator dörediji cultural medeni, medeniÿet, count hasap, sanamak, sifrlemek credibility san-cyz count in hasaplamak medeniÿetli, medeniÿeti credit kredit(r) count on arkaÿyn bolmak culture medeniÿet creek çaÿ counted sanly cumbersome gaba creep bukdaklamak, süÿrenmek, countenance jamal, ÿöñkeme cunning hile, mekirlik, sap, ÿorelmek counter kapasa ?eÿtanlyk, hilegärlik, hokga creep into sümmek counterfeit galp cunning fellow hilegär crepe byzmyk country watan, ülke, ÿurt cup çanak, käse, tabak crest çür depesi countryman ilde? cupboard ?kaf(r) crested çüri (r) cupola gümmez coupon talon crevice y?, çat, ÿaryk courage batyrlyk, mertlik, cure sagdynla?dyrmak crew ekipazh(r) ÿüreklilik curious bilesigeliji (r) courageous batyr, mert, ÿürekli crib sallançak, ÿasli curiousity bilesigelijilik courageously merdana, crime jenaÿat, günä curl buÿrak, (of smoke) mertlerçe criminal jenaÿatly, jenaÿatcy burugsamak criminal act jenaÿatçylyk curl up çugutmak course kurs(r), dowan cripple çolak curly buÿrak court sud(r) crisis krizis(r) currency walÿuta(r), teññe courteous sypaÿy crisp kitirdewük curse nälet, sögmek, näletlemek courteously sypaÿçylykly critical tankydy curse out käemek courtesy sypaÿçylyk criticism tankyt cursive ÿazmaça cousin bajak, çykan, doganoglan critique tankyt, tankytlamak curtain perde, tuty cover ÿapmak, gapak, oramak, croak gagyldamak, warkyldamak curtsy çommalmak (r) pokry?ka , sahap, ÿapgy, crochet needle çeññek curvature egrilik basyrmak, buky, ÿapy, jilt, crooked egri curve gy?yk, epmek, epilmek, (on çaÿmak, gaplamak, örtmek, crop ekin, peteke one's own) eplenmek ?ifirlemek(r) cross atanak, haç, a?mak, ötmek, curvy aÿlawly cover oneself up kereplemek, ätlemek, (each other) kesi?mek cushion dü?ek kesmeklemek cross one's legs çili?irmek custom urp-adat, dessur covered ÿapyk customer alajy, müçderi Turkmen/English Dictionary 83 customs gümrük decide (set your heart) ÿüregine customs house gümrükhana düwmek cut kesmek, biçim, kertik, decision çözgüt, karar ÿartmaç, dilik, biçmek, dilmek, decisive kesgin, töwekgel, üzül- gyÿmak, käselemek, ÿylmamak, D kesil çirtmek declaration arza cut along the grain sep?ik deñ declare yglanetmek bölemek daily gündizki, günsaÿyn, decline kemelmek cut down gyrkmak ÿatymlaÿyn decorate ha?amlamak, beslemek, cut in kesmek dam bent, böwet, gatla bezemek, nagy?lamak cut off ÿolunmak, soÿmak, dam up bentlemek decorated person ordenli ÿolmak damage ÿamanlyk decoration bezeg, ha?am, orden, cut out sepikdirmek damn näletlemek ?aÿ cut pieces dogramak damnation gargy?, nälet decorative pattern nagy? cut slightly kertmek damp çig, yzgarly, nemli decrease saÿpallamak, cut up ÿarmak dampen zaÿleek gowzalmak, kemelmek, cut with a sharp dampness zeÿ, çyglyk kiçelmek, peseletmek, peslemek edge syhalamak dance tans(r), tans etmek(r) decree ukaz(r), dekrek cut with scissors gaÿçylamak dancer (prominent) tansçy(r) dedicated janypke?, mynasybetli cutlet kotlet(r) dandruff goñak dedication janypke?lik cutter kater danger howp deep çuñ, ÿygy cylinder silindr(r) dangerous hatarly, gorkuly, deep thoughts oÿ-pikir gorkunç, biderek deepen çuñaltmak dangle salparmak deepen gradually çuñla?mak dangling salpy deer sugun, sugun dare milt, milt etmek defeat ÿeñmek dark garañky defect kem dark complexioned garaÿagyz, defend goramak, penalamak bugdaÿ renk defend oneself penalanmak darken garañkyramak defense pena darkness garañkylyk, tüm, define kesgitlemek tümlük, körlük, garañky definite mälim dart okdurylmak definition kesgitleme, dash garnuw, garyndy, kesgitnama okdurylmak, topulmak, çozmak definitive ymykly date hurma, sene deflect ret etmek dawn dañ, säher, dañ atmak, deformed ?umroÿ ÿagtylmak deformity ?umroÿluk day gün deft ÿüwrük, çakgan day after tomorrow birigün degenerate çüpremek day and night gije-gündiz degree dereje, çak, gradus day before yesterday öññin delay haÿallatmak, sagynmak, day care center ÿasli(r) eglemek, haÿal-ÿagallyk etmek, daylight gündizki gijikdirmek daytime gündiz, gündizine delegate delegat dazzle alarmak delegation delegatsiÿa dazzling ilginç delicate näzik, ÿuka dead öli, öli, wepat, jansyz, ÿitigsi delight keÿp, sapa dead body maslyk, meÿit deliver äklemek, gow?uramak, deaf güñ, ker eltmek, tab?yrmak deafness kerlik dell köw deal oñarmak demand talap, zaÿawka(r) dean dekan demarcate pel çekmek dear eziz, mähriban democracy demokratsiÿa(r) dear one gadyrly democratic demokratik(r) death ajal, ölüm demolish ÿumrulmak, death rate ölüm derejesi ÿumurmak, ÿykmak deaths ölüm-ÿitim demolished weÿrançylykly debate çeki?meler, çekisme, demon döw jedel, oÿlanmak, çeki?me etmek den süren debauche jenjel denegrate ÿöñkemek debt algy, bergi, çykdajy dense goÿry, goÿy, ÿygjam, debtor bergidar dykyz, gür, ÿygy decade dekada density syklyk, goÿulyk, syk, töp decanter grafim(r) dent ÿem?ertmek deceased wepat bolan dented ÿem?ik deceive oneself aldanmak deny dänmek, inkär etmek December dekabr department store uniwermag(r) decent kemally depend on bagly bolmak, gara?ly deception aldaw, gözboÿagçylyk bolmak Turkmen/English Dictionary 84 dependable ähtibar, ynamly diary gündelik disappear gürüm-jürüm bolmak, dependence gara?lylyk dice zar ÿitmek, sumat bolmak, uçmak dependent bagly, elgarama, dictation diktant(r) disarm ÿaragsyzlandyrmak gara?ly, golasty dictatorship diktatura(r) disaster bela depict suratlandyrmak, dictionary sözlük discernible çümhörek sypatlandyrmak, ?ekillendirmek die ölmek, zar, aradan çykmak, discipline düzgün-nyzam, deposit goÿum, gatlamak, dünÿäden ötmek, ölmek, wepat düzgün-tertip, tertibe çagyrmak çökündi bolmak, ÿykylmak, aÿrylmak disciplined tertipli depraved harap (r) discontent nägilelik depth çuñluk, jümmü? diesel dizel discontented nägile diet ybadathana deputy deputat(r), orunbasar discourteous biedep differ tapawutlanmak discourtesy biedeplik descend dü?mek difference parh, tapawut, descendants nesil discovery tapyndy üÿtge?iklik discussion çekele?ik, çekisme, descent eña?ak different aÿry, dürli-dürli, eÿleki, describe suratlandyrmak, söhbet, gürrüñ gaÿry, üÿtge?ik, dürli disdain äsgermezçilik, sypatlandyrmak, beÿan etmek, differentiate tapawutlandyrmak, suratlandyrmak äsgermezlik, harlamak parhlandyrmak disease syrkawlyk, hassalyk, description suratlandyrma, wasp differently ba?gaça desert çöl, gum kesel differentness tapawut disgrace masgarçylyk, deserted çolarmak difficult çatak, çetin, kyn, müçgil deserve mynasyp bolmak ÿüzügaralyk, masgaralamak difficulty hyllalla, kynçylyk, disguise sumat bolmak deserving (of) mynasyp kynlyk, muçakgat design bejergi, çyzmak, hyÿal, disgusted ÿarsmak diffused syrylmak disgusting ÿigrenji konstruksiÿa(r), pygyl, tos- dig gazmak, köwlemek, köwmek toslamak dish tabak, tagam dig around for dörmek dishes gapgaç design (for) niÿetlemek dig in dikmek (r) disheveled ime?ik designer konstuktor dig into dörjemek disinterested göwünsiz desire isleg, göwnamek, digest lasyrdamak, sindirmek, disjointed agzala küÿsemek, meÿillenmek, myrat, siñdirmek (r) ymtylmak dignity mertebe, namysjañ disk ?aÿba desire (for) höwes digress syrykdyrmak dismiss kowmak desirous of göwünjeñ dike gaçy, gatla dismissal otctawka(r) desk parta(r) dilapidated (used of dismount dü?mek desperate çykgynsyz clothing) göw?ül disorderly garagol, garym-gatym despise ÿigrenmek dim ÿitigsi, ümezlemek dispatch office ekspedisiÿa(r) despite garamazdan dim-witted körzehin dispatcher dispetçer(r) despotism eden-etdilik dimension gabara disperse ça?mak, pytramak destiny nesibe, çigin diminish kemelmek, kiçelmek, displeased nägile destroy opurmak, syndyrmak, sabamak, seÿreklemek, displeasure nägilelik ÿegsan etmek, ÿumrulmak, ÿuwa?atmak, egismek dispute çekele?ik, çekele?mek ÿumurmak, ÿykmak dimwit körlük disquiet rahatsyzlandyrmak, destroy (crops) otamak din gowga, ?owhun, gopgun ynjalyksyzlandyrmak, gozgalañ destroyed berbat dining hall naharhana disruption opuryly?yk destroyer istrebitel dining room naharhana dissatifaction nägilelik, destruction hapalyk, berbat dinner ag?amlyk nahar, närazylyk detachment otrÿad günortanlyk nahar dissatisfied nägile, närazy detain eglemek, güÿmemek, diploma diplom(r) dissertation dissertatsiÿa(r) saklamak diplomatic diplomatic(r) dissoluteness kelesañlyk detained eglenmek direct göni, dogrulamak, dissuade ret etmek detainee tussag gönükdirmek, ugramak, distance aralyk, menzil, uzaklyk detective sülçhi ÿüzlenmek distant alysda, uzak deteriorate erbetlemek, direction tarap, ugur distinctive parhly, özbolu?ly erbetle?mek, ÿaramazla?mak, directions gönüme, wagyz- distinguish parhly bolmak, haÿallamak nesihat saÿgarmak, seljermek, determination aÿgyt directly gömelteÿ tapawutlandyrmak determine seljermek director direktor(r) distinquished tanymal determined aÿgytly, dogumly dirt çor, çyr?ak, gäz, hapa distort gy?artmak, ÿoÿmak, detriment ÿamanlyk dirty hapa, kirli, kirletmek, çaÿ?armak develop ösmek, hars hapalamak distress hasrat, gynamak development ösü? disability maÿyplyk distressed ynjamak devil ?eÿtan disabled person maÿyp district uçastok(r) devoid mahrum disadvantage gel?iksizlik disturb rahatsyzlandyrmak devoted bagy?, janköer disadvantageous gel?iksiz disturbed gowgaly devoted to mynasybetli disagree gar?y cykmak disturbing galagoply, howsalaly devotee muçdak disagreeable ylala?yksyz, ditch ganaw, garnym, gorp, ÿap dexterity çakganlyk mähirsiz (r) dextrous çakgan diver wodolaz disagreement jetlik, razy diverge gy?armak dial (to telephone) pyntyklamak bolmazlyk (r) diverse dürli dialect dialekt , ?iwe diversion ÿykgynçylyk diarrhea içagyry, içgeçme Turkmen/English Dictionary 85 divert sowmak drive cattle kowalamak, divert one's kowala?mak attention syrykdyrmak drive in kakmak divide saka, taraz, bölmek, driver sürügi, ?ofÿor(r) paÿlamak, paÿlas?mak, ülemek driveway podÿezd(r) E division (military) divisiÿa(r) drizzle çisñi, çisñemek, do elujundan etmek, etmek sepelemek do evil hyÿanat etmek drone wazzyldy each other birek-biregi do one's best jan etmek drop damja, sallamak, gaçyrmak, eager yhlasly do quickly haÿdamak dökülmek, gaçmak eagle bürgüt do so ?eÿtmek droppings tezek ear(s) gulak do such ?eÿtmek drown gark bilmak earlier öñinçä, hemi?e, irki doccent dotsent(r) drugstore dermanhana earlobe sümek early ir, irki doctor doktor(r), wraç(r) drum deprek (r) early evening ikindi, ilkag?am document dokument(r) drunk pÿan , serho? early morning dawn irgözin dodger hilegär dry gury, ürgün, kepemek, early spring alabahar, alaÿaz dograma dograma sarykmak, kakamak earn eklenmek, gazanmak doll gurjak, emzik dry out guramak earnings gazanç, ysygra, teneçir dolt pekge dry up çalykmak earth toprak, ÿer dome gümmez dry-farming düme earthenware pot golça donkey e?ek dryer su?ilka earthquake ÿer titremesi door gapy, i?ik dryness gurulyk ease ÿeñillik dot nokat dubious ?übheli east gündogar double entendre ikuçly duck ördek eastern gündogar doubt iñkis, ?ek, ?übhe, dull kütek, küteltmek, öçgün, easy añsat, ÿeñille?dirmek, ?übhelenmek, müñkürlenmek öçügsi, ÿitigsi, gama?yk ÿönekeÿ, erkana doubtful gümana, ?übheli dull in color çal eat iÿmek doubtless ?übhesiz dummy emzik eat a little di?lemek dough hamyr dunce ählepus, pekge eat and drink iÿmek-içmek dove kepderi dung tezek eat away kertmek down übtük dung beetle tomazak eat grass otlamak downpour çabga, jala durability çydamlylyk eat one's fill doÿmak dowry ?aÿ-sep durable mäkäm eat some garbak-gurbak etmek, dozing oÿaly-ukuly during dowamynda, döwründe garbanmak draft çertÿor(r), garalama, dusk iñrik ecclesiastical ruhy taslama, çyzgy dust çañ, kir?en, toz, tozan, echo ÿañ dragon ajdarha ÿuwundy, tozamak, tozatmak economical tyg?ytly dragonfly teneçir duty borç, karz, nesÿe, ÿumu?, economics ykdysadyÿet narÿad drama drama(r) economist ydysatçy dwelling mesgen, jaÿ economize tyg?ytlamak draughtsman grafik(r) dye garalamak economy tyg?yt, tyg?ytlylyk, draw tartmak, çekmek, çyzmak dyke bent ykdysady draw out uzakla?dyrmak edge erñek, gylaw, çet, tyg, drawer çeker mekan drawing çyzgy, çyzgy edging jähek drawing of a lottery tira£ edible iÿmit drawn (game) hutma-hut (r) dreadful elhenç edict ukaz dream arzuw, düÿ?, uky, edit redaktirlemek(r) düÿ?ürgemek editing redaksion(r) dreary tukat editor redaktor(r) dress köÿnek (r) dress oneself geÿmek editorial staff redaksiÿa dress somebody geÿdirmek, editorship redaktorlyk(r) geÿindirmek educate terbiÿelemek dressmaker köÿnekçe educated bilimli, okuwly, ylymly dried guradylan education bilim, magaryf, dried apricots ki?de terbiÿeleÿi? dried fruit ki?de educational terbiÿeçilik, dried melon kak terbiÿeleÿjilik drift kañkamak educator magaryfçy, terbiÿeçi drill zarÿadka(r), burawlamak eek! wä drink hopurdatmak, içmek effect effekt(r) drinks hödür effective netijeli drip damjalamak, dammak, effectiveness netijelilik sarkmak effeminate lälik drive tigirlemek, togalamak, effeminateness läliklik çüwek, haÿdatmak, idirdetmek, efficacious degerli sürmek efficient ba?arjan, ÿeti?ikli effort tagalla Turkmen/English Dictionary 86

egg ÿumurtga end ahyr, tamam bolmak, escalator eskalator(r) eggplant badamjan tamamlamak, uç, gutarmak, escape alaç, sypmak, ylgaw, eight sekiz aÿak dyndarmak eighth sekizinji endeavor hysyrdamak, essay oçerk, düzme eightieth segseninji çytala?mak essential düÿpli, möhüm eighty segsen ending go?ulma establish ÿöretmek elbow tirsek endlessly häli-?indi esteem hatyra, hezzet-hormat, elder ÿa?uly endure çydamak hormat, hormatlamak election saÿlaw, saÿlow enemy du?man, ÿagy esteemed hormatly elector saÿlawçy energetic gujurly, galadaw, estimation rasçÿot(r) electrical connection tok(r) söwe?jen eternal baky, ebedi, ömürlik, electrification elektrifikasiÿa(r) energetic ÿadawsyz ebedilik electrify elektrifisirlemek energy enegiÿa(r), gujur eternity ebedilik electrik elektrik(r) enforce mejbur etmek Ethiopian efiop(r) (r) (r) elegance nepislik engine dwigatel , motor etude etÿud(r) elegant nepis, sypaÿy engineer injener(r) evaluate nyrhlamak element element(r) engineering injenerlik(r) evaporate bugarmak elementary elementar(r) English iñlis, iñlisçe evasion sapalk elephant pil enjoy hezel etmek, ?atlanmak even hatda, hekaÿat elipses köp nokat enjoyment sapa even in number jübüt else dagy enlarge ulalmak even out deñlemek elucidate ?öhlelendirmek enlightenment magaryf evening giçlik embarass utandyrmak enlist pyntyklamak event hadysa, waka embarassment haÿa, hyllalla enormous mähnet evergreen tree ÿolka(r) embark ugramak enough bes, gerk-gäbe, ÿeterlik everlasting ömürlik embark upon giri?mek, ugratmak enraged üzñe every her, hersi, hemme, kes embarrassed çekinmek enrich baÿla?dyrmak every month aÿba-aÿ embassy ilçihana enriched baÿan every other day günasa embellish nagy?lamak ensue eÿermek everyone bary embellishment ?aÿ entangled bula?yk everything bary embers köz enter girmek evidence delil, ?aÿatlyk, emblem emblema(r), gerb enter into ÿerle?mek ?aÿatnama embrace gujak, gujaklamak, entertain hödürlemek, evident ä?gär gujakla?mak güÿmemek evil hyrsyz, hyÿanat, içigaralyk, embrace with çyrlamak entertainment hödür, hezillik um, içigara embroider çatmak, tikmek, enthusiasm entuziazm(r) exact takyk, dogry, hut gaÿamak, ke?delemek, ke?te entire bitin exacting talapkär etmek, nagy? çekmek entirely dur?una, tutu?, exactitude talapkärlik embroidered ke?deli tutu?lagyna, tutu?laÿyn exactly nokatma-nokat, edil, embroidery gaÿma, keçde, ke?te entitle hukuk bermek gyradeñ embryo ?inde entitled ygtyÿarly exactness takyklyk emerge sekmek, peÿda bolmak entrance girelge, podÿezd(r) exam zaçÿot(r) emergence nejat entrapment gabahatçylyk examination derñew, ekzamen(r) eminent genial(r), görnükli, entrust tab?yrmak examine barlamak, esetmek, tanymal entrust with ÿüklemek ÿaltaklamak emit an unpleasing entry ÿazgy examiner barlagçy, derñewçi odor añkawmak envelope bukja example mysal, göredeli emphasize nygtamak, omzamak envious bahyl, görip, içigara excavator ekskawator(r) emphatic preposition diñ environment halka (r) environs töwerek excellent otliçno vtöweleme emphatic suffix na (r) employ ÿaratmak envy bahyllyk, içigaralyk excerpting wypiska employment hyzmat epigraph epigraf(r) excessive çakdana?a, çendana?a, emptiness bo?luk epilepsy garagu?, tutgaÿ hetdena?a empty howaÿy, pak, puç, ÿüksüz, (r) exchange aly?-çaly?, çal?yk, episode epizod çaly?ma, aly?mak, çal?yrmak, bo?, bo?atmak epoch döwür, zaman enable mümkinçilik etmek çaly?mak, u?atmak equal barabar, deñ, endigan exchange news habarla?mak enamel syrça equality deñlik encircle gur?awmak, gabamak excite tolgundyrmak equally barabar excited göçgünli encirclement gabaw equestrian çapyksuwar enclose gur?awmak excitement tolguny?yk equip enjamla?dyrmak excuse bahana enclosed ÿapyk equipment enjam, serenjam enclosure agyl exemplary çemeli era era(r), zaman exercise ma?k, bedenterbie, encounter du?mak, du?u?mak, erase bozmak du?u?yk zarÿadka(r), (in a book) eraser bozguç gönükme encourage höweslendirmek erode oburmak encrust ga?lamak exert oneself emgenmek errand ÿumu? exertion tagalla encrustations ga? erroneous telek encyclopedia ensiklopediÿa(r) exhaust horlamak eruption örgün exhausted sustupes Turkmen/English Dictionary 87

exhibit eksponirlemek(r) fatigue ÿadawlyk exhibition eksponat(r), sergi fatness semizlik exile sürgün, sürgün etmek fatten parkyldamak, semremek exist bar fattened parkyldy, gurat existence durmu?, güzeran F faucet kran(r) exit alaç, çykalga, ahyr, çykmak fault günä expand giñlemek favorable oñaÿly, enaÿy, ugurda? expansion giñleme fabric mata, materiÿa(r) favorite söÿguli, söÿli, syrda? expect oslamak face didar, ke?p, ÿöñkeme, ÿüz fear gorky, heder, howatyr, expectation hantama, face to face pete-pet, ga?ba-ga? eÿmenmek, howtyrlanmak, hantamaçylyk fact fakt(r) üÿ?enmek expedition ekspedisiÿa(r) factory fabrik, zawod(r) fearful tez, ürkek expend harajat etmek, harçlamak (r) fearless gaÿduwsyz faculty fakultÿet (r) expenditure çykdajy, harç fade pyssarmak, solmak, solmak, feather pero , ÿelek expense çykdaÿjy, harç sönmek, süllermek feathered ÿelekli expensive gymmat, gymmatly faded solgun, myssyk feathers pazyl experience tejribe, synamak failure sowsuzlyk feature reje, çyzyk experienced tejribeli faint señselemek February fewral(r) experimental eksperiment(r) fair adalatly, ugurda?, ynsaply feces bok expert habarly, edenli fairness adalat fed up with peteñ etmek expertise ekspertizia(r) fairy tale erteki federal federatiw(r) explain aÿdyñla?dyrmak, faithful janköer, dindar federation federasiÿa(r) dü?ündirmek faithless biwepa federative federatiw(r) faithlessness biwepalyk explanation dü?ündiri?, dü?ünje fee nyrh, wznos(r) explanatory dü?ündiri?li fake galp, jögi faker aldawçy feeble ejiz explode ÿarmak, partlamak, feeble-minded kemakyl ÿarylmak falcon laçyn fall güÿz, batmak, çökmek, feebleness ysgynsyzlyk exploit eksplutatirlemek(r) feed iÿmlemek, iÿm, ot- iÿm, (r) ÿykylmak, gaçgakmak exploitation ekplutasiÿa fall asleep uklamak, irkilmek emdirmek, iÿdirmek, explosion partlama, ÿarylma fall back çekilmek iÿmitlendirmek, naharlamak exponent görkeziji fall ill çyrçyklamak, syrkawlamak feed grass to otarmak export eksport(r), fall in hopmak, eñtermek feel añmak, duÿmak, äwmek, eksportirlemek(r) fall in the habit of ürçetmek syzmak, tikeneklemek feel angry hyrsyzlanmak expose eksponirlemek(r) fall inpieces lag?amak fall off gopmak, hopmak feel chilly ü?ütmek exposure pa? feel free to... çekinmede express añlatmak fall out gopmak fallen tree çapyk feel inspired ruhlanmak expression añlatma, jümle feel nauseous bulanmak extend batlandyrmak, uzatmak, fallow boz fallow deer maral feel shy çekinmek çukuralmak, süÿndürmek, feel sick süu go?amak süÿnmek false ÿalan, ÿalandan, emeli, ters, ÿasama feel sorry for gaÿgyrmak extensive çuñalmak feel the same ÿekesiremek extent dereje, uzynlyk falsehood çypdyrma falsify galpla?dyrmak feel uneasy müÿnürgemek exterior da?, mysala feeling duÿgy external da?ary fame me?hurlyk, ?an familiar (person) tany? fell eñtermek externally gaÿybana fellow garçygaÿ, ÿigit extinct öçen, sönen familiarize öwreni?dirmek family ma?gala fellow traveller hemra extinguish öçmek, söndürmek, felt keçe üzmek family house öÿ-i?ik famous ?anly, me?hur female urkaçy extol götergimek (r) extra artyk, artykmaç fan ÿelpemek female pilot pilotka extract da?la?dyrmak fantastic fantastika(r) female underwear içliklik extraction köwek (r) fence aÿmança, haÿat, gorag fantasy fantaziÿa (r) extreme gyraky far alys, uzak, da? fencing fehtowaniÿe ferment gor, maÿa, ajatmak extremely biçak, juda farm ferma(r) exult he?elle kakmak fermented dough hamyrmaÿa, farming ekerançylyk hamyrtur?y eye garak, göz farrow jojuklamak eye to eye ikiçäk fertile hasylly fascinated gürma bolmak fertilize dökünlemek eyebrow ga? 1 (r) eyelash kirpik fashion moda , biçim fester çylpyklamak eyelid gabak fast tiz, aÿakly, agyz beklemek, festival baÿram, festiwal(r) (religious) post(r) fetch getirmek fast-breeding guzlaññy fetters du?ak fasten danmak, örklemek feuilleton felÿeton(r) fastidious çümhörek fever ysytma, howur, tebit, ÿoñ fat semiz few az fat man inedördül fiber süÿüm fate nesibe, takdyr, täleÿ, ÿazgyt, fiction çeper eser ykbal, bije, ülü? father kaka, däde, öweÿ Turkmen/English Dictionary 88 fidget oÿkanjyramak, flag baÿdak following indi, yzy bilen sintenjiremek flake (skin) soÿulmak fondness gadyr field meÿdan, ?üdügär flame ÿalyn, lowurdy food a?, azyk, iÿmit, hödür, nahar field of endeavor maÿsa flank böwür food and drink iÿmek-içmek field of grain maÿsa flap salgamak fool pañkelle, samsyk fifty elli flare up labyrdamak, lowlamak foolish akmak, gagal fig injir flash ülpüldemek, ÿyldyramak, foolishness samsyklyk fight uru?mak, uru?, göre?mek, ÿylpyldy football futbol(r) söbe?mek, söwe?mek, urunmak, flashlight panys football player futbolçy(r) penjelemek flat ÿasy, düz footstep ädim fighter pälwan, ur?ujy, zarpçy flatlands düz, düzlük footwear aÿakgap fighting by greedy flatten ma??artmak, for üçin people açgözlylyk ÿapba?dyrmak, ÿapba?mak, for a two year period ikiÿyllyk figure sifr(r), syrat, sifrlemek ÿasylamak for example meselem, mysal file igelemek, (tool) ige flatten out ma??armak üçin fill doldurmak, ganmak, flattened ÿem?ik for good mydamalaÿyn gandyrmak, gapgarmak, flavor tagam for life ömürlik nalamak, tümmeklemek flaw kem for nothing ÿöne fill in gömmek, plomwalamak(r) flawless kemsiz-köstsüz, kemsiz for now häzirlikçe fill up bitirmek flea büre for the time being häzirlikçe, filled doly2, gömük fleabite büre onyança fillet çylka flee bosmak, gaçmak forbidden gadagan, haram (r) filling plomwa(r), ÿonu?ga fleet flot force gujur, zarp, zor, hal, ysgyn, flesh ten film film(r), kino(r), pleÿonka(r), zorlamak flex ÿeg?ermek force forward idirdetmek ÿorka flexibility çeÿelik, maÿyçgaklyk filter süzguç, süzmek forced çäresiz, mejbur, nalaç flexible çeÿe, maÿyçgak forceful gurjurly, esgin, zor filthy kirli flicker ykjamak (r) forcibly zoraÿakdan final final , gutarnykly, jemleÿji, flight reÿs(r), uçu? ford güzer, olum soñky, ahyrky, ahyryn, ymykly flightiness kelpeñlik fore alyndaky finale final(r) flighty kelpeñ fore-arm bilek finally teÿ-ahyr fling pyzmak forefather ata-baba finance maliÿe, maliÿeleçdirmek flip dündermek forehead alyn, mañlaÿ find tapyndy, tapmak, unamak flip over döndermek foreign ÿat find an excuse for bahanlamak flip-flop dünderilmek foreign language da?ary ÿurt dili find fault with yrsaramak flirt näzirgemek foreigner gemi?ek, myhman find out about salgy atmak flirtatious näzli forest tokaÿ, tokaÿlyk, jeññel find room sygmak flirting näz forestry tokaÿçylyk fine iri, jerime, telper, u?ak, jerime float galtga forever düÿpgöter, düÿpleÿin, salmak flock süri, süri mydamalaÿyn finger barmak flood jo?gun, sil forge nalamak fingerful atym flooded jo?gunly forget unutmak, ÿatdan çykarmak finish pelle, pellehana, uç, floor etazh(r), pol(r), gat forgive razyla?mak, bagy?lamak soñlamak, aÿaklamak, dynmak, flour harman, un fork ?aryk, wilka(r), çar?ak gutarmak, paÿawlamak, tamam flow akar, akym, çüwdürmek, form blank(r), ?ekel, format(r), bolmak, tamamlamak, ?abyrdamak, tigirlenmek, tamamlanmak, tüketmek, görnü?, naÿçalamak, togalanmak, çogmak, syrykmak, resmile?dirmek sowulmak akmak finished wepat form a group toparlamkak, flower gül toparlanmak fire kostÿor(r), lorsuldamak, ot, flower bed gülzar formal formal(r), resmi kowmak, (a rifle) tüpeñlemek flowing akaba (r) formal firework feÿerwerk flu grip(r), dümew greeting essalawmaleÿkim firm berk, firma(r), gaÿym, pert, fluctuation pasyrdyr formation nyzam pugta, töwekgel, üzül-kesil, fluff übtük former öñki, hemi?e ykjam fluid suwuk formula formula(r), añlatma firmness berklik, pugtalyk flutter gymyldy, galgamak (r) first birinji, ilki fly siñek, uçmak formulate formulirlemek first existing ilkidurmu? fly past(a target) myçmak formulation formulirowka(r) first name at foal taÿçanak fortieth kyrkynjy first place öñdelik foam köpük, köpürjik, agaran, fortify berkitmek fish balyk köpürjiklemek fortress gala fissure ÿaryk, jaÿryk fog duman, ümez fortunate ho?bagt, mañlaÿly fist ÿumruk foggy dumanly fortune bije fist-fight ÿumrukla?mak fold epin, epmek, eplemek, forty kyrk fit kakyn, ÿaramly eplenmek forum forum(r) fitter montÿor(r) fold down sepmek forward gaÿdyp, ilerki five bä? folded egrelmek found döretmek, esaslsandyrmak fiver bä?lik folder papka(r) foundation fundament(r), flabby ÿepbe?ik, myjjarmakñ follow kowalmak, yzarlamak, baza(r), esas eÿermek, gollanmak Turkmen/English Dictionary 89

fountain fontan(r) frost añzak, aÿaz, buldurçyn, four dört burjy, gyraw, çisñi, doñaklyk fourteen össürim frosty jybar fourth dördünji froth agaran, köpürjiklemek fox tilki frown çytmak G foyer foÿe(r) frozen doñ, ?atlama, doñan fracas gopgun fruit iÿmi?, miwe fracture gädik fruit farming miweçilik gab jedirdemek, gygyrmak fragile döwülgiç, port fruit jellies marmelad(r) gaiety meslik fragrant ho?boÿ fruitful hasylly gain bähbit, kuwwatlanmak, frail port fruity miweli nebis, eÿelemek frame karkas frump gipdenek gain weight semremek framework karkas frustrated sustupes gait ÿöri? frankly aç-açan frustration opuryly?yk galactic galaktika(r) freckle sepgil fry çirkizmek, gowurmak, gall öt free azat, bo?, erk, erkana, erkin, jyzyrdamak gallop çapmak, öñürdiklemek halas, ÿöne fugitive gaçgak galoshes galo?(r) free of charge mugt fulfilment berjaÿ gape hoñkarmak, öwelmek freedom azatlyk, erkinlik full dok, hyryn-dykyn, ähli, tükel garage garaj(r) freely aç-açan, erkin full of bol garbage ÿuwundy, zibil freeze doñaklyk, doñdurmak, full of holes de?ik garden bed atyz jybarlamak, ?atlamak full(y) doly gargle çaÿkamak, çyrpmak freezing jybar full-blooded etli-ganly garlic sarymsyk, ajyga freight ÿük fumble semelemek, sememek (r) (r) garrison garnizon fresh ter function funksiÿa , gas gaz fresh water süÿji ÿagdaÿla?mak (r) freshness terlik (r) gasoline benzin fund fond gasp demikmek, hopukmak, friday anna fundamental düÿpli (r) sojamak fried bread pi?me funnel guÿguç gassy gazly fried corn patrak funny gülküli, gülkünç gate derweze friend dost, ÿolda? fur sütük, possun gather çöplemek, ÿygmak, friend (female to female) jora furious gaharjan, gaharly, üzñe toplanmak, üÿ?ürmek, friend (male) dost furniture mebel ÿygnamak, ykjamlamak, friendliness mylakat furnucle çyban düzmek, toplamak friendly agzybir, alçak furrow ke?lemek gathering ÿygnak, ÿygnany?yk, friends dost-ÿar furrowed ke?leÿin ÿygym, barly?yk friendship agzybirlik, dostluk, furry sütükli gauge giñlik ÿaranlyk fury gahar, gahar-gazap, üzñelik gay mes, ?agalañly, ?oh fright aÿylganç, gorky fuse partladyjy gazelle keÿik frighten ürküzmek fussy talapkär gear serenjam frighten away gypjyndyrmak futile nähak general ählumumy, serkerde, frightened gorkuly future geljek (r) frightening gorkuly, gorkunç (military) general frightful elhenç generally aslynda, umuman, fringe seçek köplenç fringed seçekli generation nesil friskiness ÿyldanlyk generous rehimdar, rehimli frisky dyzmaç, ÿyldan genius geniÿ(r) frivolous kelpeñ genre £anr(r) frog gurbaga gentle näzik, tultuk from -dan, -den gentleness ÿum?aklyk from birth doga gently assa from head toes ba?dan-aÿak genuine hakyky, tüÿs from inside içinden genus urug from many years ago öñden geographer geograf(r) from now on dagy-duwara, geographical region etrap öwrülip geography geografiÿa(r) from start to finish birin-birin, (r) boÿdan-ba?a geology geologiÿa from that babatdan geometry geometriÿa(r) from the beginning birbada Georgian gruzin(r) from the first ilkibada germ mikrob(r) from the start ilkiba?da, ba?dan German nemes from time immemorial ozaldan, get a kick out of deprenmek öñden get a little older garra?mak from time to time wagtal-wagtal get across a?yrmak from year to year ÿyldan-ÿyla, get angry gahar gelmek, ÿylyñ-ÿylyna gazaplanmak front front(r), öñ frontal mañlaÿ Turkmen/English Dictionary 90 get better ileri, ganymatla?mak, give back gaÿtarmak going out nejat gowularmak, jyda dü?mek, give birth dogurmak gold altyn, tylla ÿokmak, ÿoku?mak give birth a goat owlaklamak golden tylla get bound up ?inelemek give drink çaÿlamak golly bä get cold feet namartlamak give someone a good ÿag?y gowy, enaÿy, haryt, get confused çola?mak cold sowuklatmak idili, oñat, oñly, ugurly, bolÿar, get dark iñrik garalmak give trouble azar bermek gowulyl, ho?, rowaç, ?owly, get dirty bula?mak, çorlamak, give up ÿitirmek, taslamak ÿaramly gäzlemek, hapalanmak, kirlemek give up hope pyssarmak good deed sogap get done bölü?mek give voice to agzamak good event çem get dusty çañamak, çañjarmak give-and-take aldym-berdimli good for nothing kelesañ get entangled ?inelemek, çigmek given goÿulmak good golly! baÿ-bow get even with hakla?mak, gladden begendirmek good looking nurana hasapla?mak gladly höwesjeñ good luck ?ow get fat semretmek gladness ÿagtylyk good-natured ÿuka ÿürek get fixed up orna?mak glance baky?, göz, nazar goodness gowulyl, gowylyk, get gutsy gaÿratlanmak gland mäz döwlet get hot yssylamak glare mölerilmek goods harytlar get inflamed tata?mak glare angrily alarylmak goose gaz get into sümmek glass çüÿ?e, stakan(r), aÿna gopher alaka get lost aza?mak glasses äÿnek gore süsmek get mad öjükmek glaucoma garasuw gossip gybat, gepçi, warsaky, get married (for a man glen köw wy?yrdamak only) öÿlenmek glide typmak gossipper gybatke? get mixed up garja?mak glisten balkyldamak gourmet gastronom(r) get moldy heñlemek glitter balkyldamak, lowurdamak, government döwlet, hökümet, get news habarla?mak, habar ülpüldemek, ÿyldyramak prowlenie(r) tutmak glittery ÿyldyrawuk grab gysymlamak get numb guru?mak globe globys(r), ÿer ?ary, dünÿä grace nepislik get on münmek gloomy çytyk, tutuk graceful nepis get out aÿrylmak glorify ?öhratlanmak grade baha get out of dyndarmak, dynmak glorious ?öhratly gradually dura-bara, durdugyça, get out of here! güm bol! glory ?an, ?an-?öhrat, ?öhrat gitdigiçe, kem-kemden owarra! glove ellik graduate student aspirant(r) get packed dykyzlanmak glow labyrdamak get pleasure gönenmek graft peÿwent etmek glue elim, ÿelim, ÿelimlemek, grain digir, galla, däne get ready taÿynalmak ÿelmemek get rid of gowzalmak, sabamak, gram gram(r) glutton i?dämen, iÿermen (r) sypmak gluttony iÿermenlik grammar grammatika get sick of bizar bolmak gnash ykyrdamak grammatical grammatik(r) get situated ÿerle?mek gnaw gemirmek grand beÿik get skinny arryklamak go gitmek, ÿöremek, gitmek, grand piano roÿal(r) get spoiled azmak zomamak, barmak, çykmak grandchild agtyk get started (about go around aÿlanmak grandfather ata, baba cooking) atarmak go bad dymjykmak, zaÿalanmak, grandmother ene get sunburnt güne ÿanmak pislemek, uzanmak grant esbap get tangled and go by foot pyÿadalamak grape üzüm confused bula?mak go crazy däliremek grape production üzümçilik get tied up çigmek go for a walk gezelenç etmek, grapes get tied up in knots çigilmek kañkamak (specifically gelinbarmak get tired lejikmek go missing ÿitirim bolmak, graph grafa(r) get tough with dazarylmak ÿitmek get up turuzmak, durmak grass ot go numb jüm?üldemek grassy area otluk get used to öwreni?mek, go out incoolness seleñlemek uÿgunla?mak grate süÿkemek, gyrmak, go somewhere else göçmek oÿkamak get wet ezilmek go sour uÿamak gift pe?e?, zehin, sylag grateful minnetdar go straight gönülmek grating gözenek gifted zehinli go through ötmek giggle hikirdi, hikirdemek, gratings gyrmança go together tirke?mek gratis ÿöne hykyrdamak, hykyrdy, go trouble over alada etmek, pykyrdamak, kikirdemek gratitude minnetdarlyk aladalanmak grave gör, mazar giraffe £iraf(r) go up to çemele?mek gravel çagyl girdle bilgu?ak go with geli?mek graveyard gonamçylyk, öwülÿä girl gelingyz, gyz goat geçi graze animals bakmak girlfriend boÿda? goat wool çöpür grease ÿag, ÿaglamak girth semizlik goats dowar great beÿik, baÿry, çasly give äbermek, gowu?mak goblet kubok(r) great-grandson çowluk give a hand to arkala?mak God hudaÿ greed açgözlylyk, betnebislik, give a turn tow bermek God bless you sabyr et husytlyk give an account hasap bermek going gidi?in Turkmen/English Dictionary 91

greedy aç göz, betnebis, husyt, guide prowodnik(r), wojatyÿ(r), gysganç ÿazlamak, ÿöretmek Greek grek(r) guild seh(r) green ÿa?yl, gök guile mekirlik greet görü?mek, gar?yldamak, guilty günäli, müÿnli, ÿazykly H salamla?mak guilty one günäkär grenade granat(r) guilty person sebäpkär habit endik, öwrendekli, gylyk, grid tor guise maska(r) grief hasratvtukatlyk urp-adat guitar gitar haggle söwdala?mak grieve çygylmak, tukatlanmak, gulf aÿlag ynjatmak hail doly, jöwenek gullet gyzylödek, ödek hair saç, tüÿ grieved gynançly gulp owurt grill daglamak hairy tüÿlek gulp down jyñkytmak half ÿarpy, ÿarty, ÿary, ÿarym, grin gülümjiremek, syrtartmak, gun pistolÿet(r) ÿyr?armak pol(r) gun-scope didivan half asleep oÿaly-ukuly grind külkelemek, maÿdalamak, gun-sight didivan taplamak, oÿkamak, törpülemek, half-dead çalajan gunshot (sound of a) gümpüldi (r) (r) üwemek gurgle lygyrdy, hokurdamak, hall zal , koridor , saÿpallamak grip gysmak, tutma lygyrdamak haloxylon ojar grits ÿarma gurgling lakyrdy halter (for a horse) nogta groan hyklamak, nalamak gush jo?mak, zogdyrylmak hammer çekiç, çekis, (of a groats ÿarma gushing jo?gunly firearm) mä?e groceries bakaleÿa(r) gusset begeÿik hammer in kakmak grocery store bakaleÿa(r) gust tüweleÿ, üflemek hand el, gol, eltmek groin gasyk gust of wind ÿelgin handful go?awuç, gysym, gross harsal gutter ternaw ÿanawuç ground meÿdança, toprak gym bedenterbie handkerchief elÿaglyk handle tutawaç, ellemek, ellemek grounds lödere gymnastics gimnastika(r) group tapgyr, topar, toplum, handle bar süÿpent (r) (r) handless golak, golsuz kollektiw , kru£ok , süri, top handmade hünärmentçilik grow köpelmek, gögermek, handsome kaçañ, nurana idetmek, ösdürmek, ösmek, (r) ulalmak, ulaltmak handwriting ÿazmaça, poçerk grow foggy dumanlamak, handy amatly ümezlemek hang asylmak, ildirmek, grow heavy agralmak sallanmak grow in a circle tegelenmek hang out semek grow leaves ÿapraklamak hang up asmak grow more hanging peg asgyç beautiful ÿag?ylanmak, hank (of thread) kelep ÿag?yla?mak happen bolmak grow old garta?mak happiness eÿgilik grow quiet diñmek happy ho?bagt, mañlaÿly, monça grow stale gatamak bolmak, sapaly, ?at, ?oh, (with grow still kö?e?nek luck) bagtly grow stronger eÿikmek hard gaty, ÿowuz, müçgil, ?atlama grow taller beÿgelmek hard-fought aldym-berdimli grow thin horlanmak harden bekemek, gatamak grow tired of bizar bolmak hardly çala grow up önüp-ösmek, önmek hardly possible gümana grow weary ÿadamak hardness gatylyk growl hoñuldamak, hüñürdemek, hardworking i?leññir, janypke?, hüñürdi, hyñranmak i?eññir, jepake? grown gartañ hardy dözümli grownup ullakan harm ÿamanlyk, zelel, zyÿan, growth ösü? hyÿanat etmek, hyÿanat grumble hoñuldamak, harmful zelelli hüñürdemek, igenmek harmonious çekimiz grumbling hüñürdi, igenç, harmony razylyk, ylaly?yk igenjeñ, igenjeñlik harness hamyt, hamytlamak grunt horkuldamak harrow mala, malalamak, guarantee güwä, kepillik, zamun, borona(r) kepil bolmak harvest hasyl, ÿygnany?yk guard garawul, gwardiÿn(r) harvester kombaÿn(r) guardian hossar haste gyssagara guess çak etmek hasten alñasatmak guest myhman hasty howul-hara guest room myhmanhana hat ?lÿapa(r), telpek, ?yrdak hatchway lÿuk(r) Turkmen/English Dictionary 92 hate ÿigrenmek helped by arkaly holy mukaddes hateful ÿygrenç, ÿigrenji helper kömekçi home öÿ, ÿatakhana hatred ÿigrenç helpful ÿokumly, haÿyrly homemaker öÿ hojalykçy haughtiness tekepbirlik helva halwa homogeneous hili-bir hili haughty tekepbir hem sepgit, jähek, tikmek hone gaÿramak have a bite di?lemek hemp kenep honest akgöwünli, dogruçyl, have a cold dümewlemek hen mäkiÿan kemally, wepaly have a dream düÿ? görmek hen coop ketek honestly walla have a dust storm sowurmak henceforth öwrülip honesty päklik have a little chat gümür-ÿamür henceforward dagy-duwara honey bal etmek herd süri honk ?uwlamak, tarlamak have a party toÿlamak here ?u taÿda, ?u ÿerde, bäri, honor hormat, hormatlamak, have a premonition syzmak bärik, çendan sylag have a snack ÿürkese edinmek here you are ine honored hormatly have doubts müñkürlenmek here! me hoof syñral, toÿnak have free time sypynmak heritage miras hook çeññek, gañrak, ili?mek, have occasion (to) miÿesser hermitage sergezdançylyk, iltemek, gañyrçak hawk gyrgy sergezdanlyk hook onto tirkemek hay bede, silos(r) hero gero(r), pälwan, gahryman, hook the catch kiltlemek haydust pide obraz hoop gur?aw haze duman heroic gahrymanlarça hoot ?uwlamak, tarlamak hazy gama?yk heroism gahrymançylyk hop çapmak he ol herpes demrew hope tama, umyt, arkalanmak, head ba?, kelle, naçalinik(r), herring takgaz tama etmek, umyt etmek müdir herself öz hope chest sandyk head for ÿönelmek hesitate sagynmak, säginmek, hopeless gutulgysyz, çykgynsyz head of the table tör haÿal-ÿagallyk etmek horizontal gorizontal(r), kese head scarf alyndañy hesitation irgin, iri?me horizontally keseleÿin, headquarters ?tab(r) hetman ba?lyk keseligine health aman, hal, hal-ahwal, hew ÿylmamak horn (of an animal) ?ah saglyk hi salam, ähey horned ?ahly healthy barda?ly, gurgun, sag, hiccup synçgylawuk hornless (without horns) kelek sagat, sagdyn, daÿaw, sag- hidden gizlin horror aÿylganç gurgun hide ÿa?yrmak, jaÿlamak, horse at, gylÿal, konki(r), ÿaby heap topbak, dös ÿyg?yrmak horse jockey seÿis hear e?itmek hide and seek (game) bukullym horse race at capysyk hear about diñ salmak hide away bukmak horse's bit agyzzyryk hearsay owaza hide from gaçalak etmek, horse-cloth July heart ÿürek açalaklamak horsecloth palan(r) heartbeat gürsüldi hide-and-seek gizlenpeçek horseshoe nal hearth ojak hideous gel?iksiz (r) high and low beÿikli-pesli hose ?lang heartless birehim, rehimsiz hosiery trikota£(r) hearty ykjam high flown epeÿ high-heeled shoes i?bil hospitable myhmansöÿer heat çog, gyzmalyk, howur, (r) jöwza, tebit, çoÿmak, gyzgynlyk, higher ekabyr hospital gospital , keselhana gyzy?mak, ÿylatmak, ÿylynmak, highway magistral(r), ?osse(r) hospitality hezzet, çoÿunmak, gyzdyrmak, gyzmak, hill alañ, baÿyr, söbük, depe, myhmansöÿerlik tuta?dyrmak tümmek host hojaÿyn, hyzmat etmek heat rash tengin himself öz hostel ÿatakhana heat up ÿylamak, yssylamak hip but hot gyzgyn, jokrama, yssy, ajy heavy agramly, agyr, saldamly, hiss jazyrdy, ?uwwuldy, ?yglamak, hot to trot dyzmaç ullakan jazyrdamak hot-house teplisa(r) heavy rain jala historian taryhçy hot-tempered gyzma hectacre gektar(r) historical taryhy hotel myhmanhana hedgehog kirpi history taryh hound tazy, köpek heed ätiÿaç hit patlamak hour sagat heel ökje hoarse garja?yk hour's worth sagatlyk (r) hobble keÿtiklemek, kösseklemek house öÿ, jaÿla?dyrmak, tam hegemony gegemoniÿa (r) household ma?gala heifer tüwe hockey hokkeÿ hoe kätmen, kätmenlemek housekeeper hojalykçy height belentlik, beÿiklik, boÿ how much? näçe, näden (r) hold eklemek, tutmak helicopter wertolÿot hold back how? nähili, nätüÿsli hell dowzah (something) jylawlamak howl hazlamak, uwlamak, helmet ?lem(r) hold fast to ÿapy?mak zörletmek help dalda, haraÿ, hemaÿat, hold in hand ideklemek hubbub ?owhun ÿardam, kömekle?mek, ÿardam hold up eglemek huge ägirt, mähnet, äpet etmek, (as an exclamation) dat- hole çarkandak, çukanak, çukur, hum güwwüldemek, hyzlamak bidat! çukurlyk, de?ik, hin human ynsan help find something tapy?mak holler azgyrylmak humanity adamzat, ynsanyÿet help off dü?ürmek hollow köw, pürsvçöketlik, puç humble türkana Turkmen/English Dictionary 93 humid dymyk, nemli, yzgarly impolite edepsiz humidity çyglyk impoliteness edepsizlik humiliate kemsitmek import import(r), importirlemek(r) humility ÿuwa?lyk import/export duty gümrük humorous gülküli, gülkünç I importance ähmiÿet hump örküç, örküç important dahylly, möhüm, humus çüÿrüntgi wajyp, bajyp, derwaÿys hunch küÿkertmek I men impoverish gedaÿla?mak hunchbacked küÿki I see! ähä impress täsir galdyrmak hunched bürkür I think... meniñçe impression täsir Hungary wengr(r) ice buz impressionable duÿgur hunger ajykmak ice-cream doñdurma, moro£ny(r) impressive täsirli hunk kerç ice-crusted sürçek imprison türmä basmak, türmä hunt aw, awamak, awlamak, idea ideÿa(r), oÿ, pikir basmak awatmak, awu?amak ideal ideal(r) improve gowulandyrmak, hunter awçy, yrdar identical bir menzes, birmeñze? gowylandyrmak, kämille?dirmek, hurl pyzmak identity ?ahs, ?ahsyÿet ÿag?ylandyrmak hurricane harasat (r) improve oneself kämille?mek hurried alñasan, gyssagly, ideological ideologik improved gurat howul-hara ideology ideologiÿa(r) improvement guratlyk hurry eñmek, gyssagara, idiom idioma(r) in içinde howlykmak, alñasamak, idiomatic idiomatik(r) in a big way gerim gyssamak idle bikär, çaman, peÿwagtna, in a day güna?a hurry about gaÿmala?mak ÿalta in a grand style gerim hurry someone idleness ÿaltalyk in a short time möhlet up howlukdyrmak if eger (de), ka?gä in a word mahlasy hurry up haÿdatmak, howlukmak if not bolmasa in addition üste, üstesine hurt öÿkeli, agyrmak, agyrtmak ignorance çalasowatlyk, jahyllyk, in addition to ondan hem ba?ga, husband är nadanlyk, nätany?lyk da?yndan husband's sister bajy ignorant gapyl, jahyl, nadan, in agreement with razy hut çatma, küme çalasowat in conformity with laÿyklyk-da hutzpah gaÿrat ill agyry, aza, dert, keselli, in disagreement jet hybrid gibrid(r) syrkaw, hassa, näsag in earnest çynlakaÿ hydrogen wodorod(r) ill person syrkaw in front of öñünde (r) ill-bred kakaba? in full supply üpjün hygiene gigiena in general garaz (r) ill-informed gapyl hymn gimn ill-mannered kakaba? in good spirts ?ähdaçyk hypnotizer gözbagçy illegal kanunsyz, gizlin in great detail jikme-jik hypocrisy jögülik illiteracy sowatsyzlyk in my opinion... meniñçe hypocritical jögi illiterate sowatsyz in one's way peÿwagtna illness emgek, hassalyk, kesel, in order ugrukdyrmak näho?lyk, näsaglyk, syrkawlyk in pairs ikibir illuminate ?öhlelendirmek, in place of ÿerine ÿagtyltmak in relation to degi?li illustrated suraty in short mahlasy in the beginning ba?da illustration illÿustrasiÿa(r) in the front ilerik, ilerlegini, öñ (r) illustrative illÿustratiw in the future öwrülip imaginary hyÿally, fantastika(r) in the past öñ imagination fantaziÿa(r) in the pre-dawn aladandan imbue tümmeklemek in the summer tomsma imitate öÿkünmek in truth dogrusy, hakykatdan imitation ÿasama in turns gezegine, gezek- immeasurable çaksyz, çensiz gezigine immediate at hand nobatdaky, in your style seniñçe nobatky in-law gaÿyn immediately bada-bat, zöwwe, inaccessible elÿeter gömelteÿ, badyna inappropriate ÿerliksiz immense çaksyz, çensiz incapable bigaÿrat immerse çümdürmek incendiary tuta?dyryjy immortal ölmez-ÿitmez incessant ÿoknasyz immortalize ebedile?dirmek incessantly tükeniksiz imp haramzada incidental gidi?ini impassioned gyzykmak incision kertik impatient çydamsyz incline ÿapgyt, yrmak imperative hökman incoherence keçjelik imperceptibly ogrynça income gipdeji imperialism imperializm(r) inconvenient çemesiz incorrect ters, nädogry imperialistic imperialistik(r) imply diÿmek2 Turkmen/English Dictionary 94 increase artdyrma, artmak, injury öÿke intercity ?äherara bulukmak, köpelmek, köpeltmek, injustice adalatsyzlyk interest höwes, meÿil, höwes, ulaltmak ink syÿa gyzyklandyrmak incredibly juda ink cartrige sterzhen(r) interesting gyzykly, hezil, täsirli incubation inkubasion(r), inlay ga?lamak intermediary araçy inkubasiÿa(r) inlayed stones ga? international halkara, (r) incubator inkubator(r) inlet bogaz intenasional inculcate orna?dyrmak inner region içeri interrogation sorag indebted to karzyna innocence bigünälik, ÿazyksyzlyk interrupt kesmek indecent haÿasyz innocent bigünä, ÿazyksyz, intersect kesi?mek indefatiguable galadaw günäsiz interval ara, interwal(r), aralyk indent gaÿ?artmak innovation täzelikçilik intervention interwensiÿa(r) independence gara?syzlyk, innovator täzelikçi (r) innumerable egsilmez interview interwÿu özba?daklyk, özba?daklyk intestine içege, iç independent gara?syz, özba?dak inoculate peÿwent etmek inquire çintgemek, hötde gelmek, intimacy ÿürekde?lik indestructible, sarsmaz intimate ÿürekde? (r) çaramak index görkeziji, indeks inquire about eÿgermek intolerant çydamsyz Indian style aÿbogda? insect möjek intonation intonasiÿa(r) indicator görkezgiç insects mör-möjek intrepid gaÿduwsyz indifference biperwaÿlyk, insecure aljyraññy, müñkür introduce tanalmak, tany?dyrmak perhaÿlyk insensibly ogrynça introduction giri?, söz indifferent biparh, biperwaÿ, insert sokmak invade zabt etmek parhsyz, perbaÿsyz inside iç, içeri, içinde, çöwre invalid inwalid(r), maÿyp individual January insides içerik, içerki invent oÿlap tapmak, tos- Indonesian indoneziÿaly(r) insignificant ujypsyz toslamak industrial industrial(r) inspect esetmek inventor inwentor(r), oÿlap tapyjy (r) industrialize industriala?dyrmak(r inspection inspeksiÿa inventory uçÿot(r) ) inspector inspektor(r) investigative ideg-sorag industrious janypke? inspiration ruhubelentlik, ylham investment goÿum industry industriÿa(r), senagat inspire gunu?mak, ruhlandyrmak, invincible ÿeñilmez ineffective netijesiz ganatlandyrmak invitation çagary?, çakylyk inefficient ÿeti?iksiz inspired ruhubelent invite çagarmak, çagyrmak inept nalajedeÿin installation montaA(r) involuntarily bialaç inept person tamakin instant lampa, maÿ involuntary biygtyÿar inequality deñsizlik instantaneous ÿalpa Irish irlandiÿaly inescapable alaçsyz instead of deregine iron ütüklemek(r), demir, (for inevitability alaçsyzlyk institute institut(r) clothing) ütük(r) inexpensive arzan institution edara ironic kinaÿaly inexperienced jahyl instruct öwretmek ironical kinaÿaly (r) infection infeksiÿa instruction instruksiÿa(r), tälim, irony kinaÿa infectious ÿokanç, ÿokançly wagyz-nesihat irreplacable tapylgysyz infidel kapyr instructor instruktor(r) irreproachable birkemsiz, inflame tata?mak instrument gural, esbap kemsiz inflammation çisme, çi?me instruments abzallar irrigate joÿalmak inflate gübermek, çismek, insufficient ÿetmezçilik irrigation ditch joÿa çi?irmek, pökretmek, çismek insulate çetle?dirmek irritate gyjynmak inflated ?emallamak, ?emallatmak insulated çetle?mek island ada (r) inflection infleksiÿon insult kine, nadyllyk isolate çetle?dirmek inflict harm zarbykdyrmak (r) insurance strahowanie(r) isolation izolÿasion , influence täsir, täsir etmek intact abat, sazlamak, saz izolÿasiÿa(r) influential täsirli intactness abatlyk (r) inform ?ugullamak, habar etmek, isolator izolÿator (r) duÿdurmak, idemek integral integral issuance ne?ir informal good-bye ho? integrated plant kombinat(r) it ol it can be meger information informasiÿa(r), integrity ar-namys intellectual akyldar Italian italÿan informasiÿon(r), izwe?eniÿe, intelligence itch giji, gikilewik derek (r) itch oneself süÿkenmek informative manyly, derekli officer razwedkaçy ingratiate ÿalym-ÿulumetmek intelligent intelligent(r) inhabited area mekan intend hyÿallanmak, niÿetlemek inherit miras almak intended for üçin inheritance miras intense gyzgalañly, dartgynly, initial ilkinji, ilki gyzgyn initially bada, ilkibada, ilkiba?da intensify gyzdyrmak, güÿjemek initiative inisiatiwa(r) intensity gyzgynlyk intention hyÿal, niÿet, päl, pygyl injection ukol(r) intercept gabatlamak injure kesdirmek interchange çal?yk injuries öÿke-kine Turkmen/English Dictionary 95

justice adalatlylyk, ynsap J juvenile kiçi, ÿetginjek K

ivy çyrma?yk Kazahk Gazak, kazak jab çommaltmak kebob kebap jabber jedirdemek kebob restaurant kebaphana jack ?tepsel(r) keenness eserdeñlik jackal ?agal keep tutmak, saklamak jackdaw zakyja keep at a distance gaça durmak jacket jilt, penjek keep house eÿelik etmek jam/jelly mürepbe keep quiet jyñkyny çykarmazlk jam in dykmak keep a secret lak bolmak jangles düwme kerosene nebit Japan ÿaponiÿa key açar, çe?me Japanese ÿapon kick depmek jar banka(r) kid çebis jealous gabanjañ kidney böwrek, pyntyk jealousy görübilmezçilik kidney beans noÿba jeer syrtartmak kids çaga-çuga jeren jeren kill gyrmak, öldürmek, gyrylmak jester masgarabaz kilogram kilogram(r) jeweler zergär kilometer kilometr(r) jingle ?yññyrdy, ?añlamak, kin asyl ?aññyrdamak, ?yññyrdamak, kind paty?a, sort(r) tiññirdemek, tiññirdetmek, kindergarden çagalar bagy tiññirdi, düññürdemek kindergarten primer harplyk jog gezer king ?a join baglamak, sepi?mek, kiosk kiosk(r) seplemek Kirghiz gyryz joined baglaÿjy kisel kisel joint baglany?yk, sepgit, tikin kiss öpü?, og?amak, öpmek, joke degi?mek öpmek joke around bälçire?mek kiss each other öpüçmek, joker degi?gen, wä?i og?a?mak jokingly wä?i kitchen kuhnÿa jolt or shake siltemek knapsack go?torba journal £urnal(r) knead mynçgamak, ÿuwgurmak, journalist £urnalist(r) eÿlemek journey syÿahat, sapar, syÿahat knee dyz, tirsek joy begenç, ?atlyk, ÿagtylyk kneecap çanak joyful ho?wagt, ?at, ?atlykly, kneel çökermek, çöke dü?mek ?üweleñ knife pyçak, pyçaklamak joyfully ?üweleñli knit örmek, i?mek, örmek jubilee ÿubileÿ(r) knit the browns çytmak judge sudÿa knock ?arkyldy, tyrkyldy, jug küÿze çakny?mak, ?arkyldamak, juggler £onglÿor(r) tarkyldamak, tarkyldatmak, (r) tarsuldamak, taÿaklamak, juggling £onglÿorlyk tykyrdatmak, tyrkyldamak, juice ?ire tyrkyldatmak, tykyrdamak, July iÿul kakmak jump bökmek, towusmak knock down ÿykmak jump out zomp edip çykak knocking tarkyldy jumpy göçgünli knoll depe junction uzel(r) knot syrma, çitim, düwmek June iÿun know bilmek jungle jeññel know deeply ele almak junk köne-kü?ül know somebody tanamak jury £ÿori(r) know-how ussatlyk just halal, hut, la, adalatly, know-nothing ählepus ynsaply knowledgeable dü?ünjeli, bilimli just as dessine, misli knowledge añ-bilim, bilim, ylym just like ?eÿle, tüÿs known mälim, tany? just now ÿañyja known person tany? just so keÿpine Kremlin kreml(r) just the opposite gaÿta kurd kürt Turkmen/English Dictionary 96

lazy çaman, ezenek, ÿaltanmak, liberalness jomartlyk ÿalta library kitaphana lazybones bihepbe license ygtyÿar, ?aÿatnama lead ÿazlamak, rejelemek, lick one's lips tam?anmak L timarlamak, alyn lickspittle ÿaranjañ lead (metal) gur?un lid pokry?ka(r) leader serdar, ÿolba?çy lie çypdyrma, aldaw, aldamak, labor zähmet leadership ÿolba?çylyk çä?ermek laboratory laboratoriÿa(r) leaf ÿaprak lie down uzanmak, ÿatmak laboratory worker laborant(r) leak syrykmak, dökmek life durmu?, güzeran, ömür, ömür, lace bagjyk, bag, köjemek lean ÿanamak, hor, gy?armak, ÿa?aÿy?, January, mydar lacerate tüÿt-müÿt etmek söÿemek, ÿaplamak life-long companion hemra lack kemlik, köst lean against ÿaplanmak lifeless jansyz (r) lean on one's lifelong ömürlik lacquer lak , laklamak elbows ÿassanmak lactate ÿelin gozgamak lifting kötel lean over abanmak light ÿagtylyk, ÿeñil, ÿylpyldy, y?yk, ladder merdiwan leanse saplamak ladel güÿgüç röw?en leap towusmak, pyñkyrmak, light/sky blue mawy ladle çolpy, susak señkildemek lair süren lightbulb lampoçka(r) leap off indermek lighten ÿeñletmek lake köl learn öwrenmek, öwrenmek lamb guzy, tokly lighter ÿeñlemek, ÿeñle?mek learning tälim, taglymat lightheartedness wä?ilik lame agsak leash örk, örklemek lament ahmyr etmek, ahmyr, lightly dressed çyplak, çyplañ leather gaÿy?, gön, deri, teletin lightning ÿyldyrym çygyrmak leather bag sanaç lamp çyra, lampa(r) lightning strike ÿyldyrym leave çykmak çakmak land ÿurt, ülke, ÿer, tarap, toprak, leave behind öñürtmek gonmak lightwited ÿeñilkelle leaven gor, maÿa like kimin, misli, ÿaly, tüÿsli, ?ekilli, land a plane gondyrmak, leavening hamyrmaÿa, pessaÿlamak gowy görmek, halamak, pisint hamyrtur?y oturmak, ÿaramak landmark çelgi lecture pent (r) (r) like (one another) hala?mak landscape landshaft , peÿa ledge kert like a seizure kakynly language dil leech sülük like that ?eÿle, hol lank takyr leeward ÿele, yk like-minded pikerde? lap etek left çep liken meñzetmet large çi?ik, esli left side çep likeness meñzeçlik larynx kekirdek left-behind galak (r) lashes pazyl left-handed person çepbekeÿ limb çlen last ahyrky, ahyryn, öten, left-over galak lime hek gutarnykly, soñky leftovers galak-galçak limit het lastest ter leg aÿak limitless çäksiz latch onto tirkemek leg-wrappings dolak limp agsamak late giç, giçki legal kanuny line çyzyk, setir, trassa(r), hatar late afternoon ikindin legality kanunlylyk, kanunylyk line up setilemk later soñ, soñra legalize resmile?dirmek, linen polotno(r) latest täze kanunla?dyrmak linger haÿal-ÿagallyk etmek, lathe tokar(r) legend rowaÿat täsgenmek, ykmak latitude (geographical) giñlik leggy aÿakly lining ÿagyrniçlik lattice gözenek legibility çümhöreklik lion arslan, ÿolbars laugh hykyrdy, gülmek, legible çümhörek lip dodak jakyrdamak, jykyrdamak, (of legitimacy kanunlylyk, kanunylyk liquid ÿuwan, suwuk, suwuklyk large groups) gülü?mek, (loudly) legitimate kanuny liquify zaÿleek pakyrdamak legitimize kanunla?dyrmak list tablisa, ugur laughing stock oÿnatgy leguminous kösükli listen diñlemek, diñleÿmek laughter gülki, jakyrdy length dowan, uzaklyk, uzynlyk listen attentively gulak asmak, launch kater lengthen uzaltmak gulak salmak lavish adyl, jomart lengthy dowanly listen to diñ?irgemek lavishness jomartlyk Leo (zodiac sign) ?ir listener diñleÿji law kanun, wesÿet lessen azalmak literacy sowat lawless bikanun, kanunsyz lesson sapak literal harma-harp lawlessness kanunsyzlyk let down myssarmak literary edebi lawyer aklawçy let escape sypdyrmak literate sowatly, sowatly lay pollamak, ÿerle?dirmek let fall gaçyrmak literature edebiÿat lay down ÿazmak let go sypdyrmak, goÿbermek litter zibil lay down arms ÿaragsyzlanmak let in girizmek, hekgermek little az, ownuk, u?ak lay eggs ÿumurtgalamak let loose gaçyrmak little bells düwme layer gat, gatlak, topar, ÿokundy letter hat, hat little book depderçe layered gatlakly level tekje, endiganlamak little brother ini laziness ÿaltalyk liar aldawçy, ÿalançy little bunny çeb?ek libel myjabat little by little az-azdan, gitdigiçe liberal jomart Turkmen/English Dictionary 97

little cakes piro£ny(r) love mähir, söÿgi, y?k, söÿmek little children oglan-uçak love of work jepake?lik, i?jeñlik little cup pyÿalu?ka love one another söÿü?mek little dictionary sözlüklik lover of the wild hyrdar little finger külembibi lover of work i?jeñ M little knot düwünçek low çöket, çör, pes little rascal bezzat low-life a?aky little slice gyñak lower çöket, a?aklamak, ma'am daÿza live ÿa?amak myssarmak, sallamak, machete çalgy live coals köz ÿazdyrmak machine ma?inka(r), ma?yn lively janly lower jaw äñ machine gun pulemÿot(r) liver bagyr lowering eña?ak machinery) köneltmek lowlands çöketlik livestock mal, dowar machinist ma?inist(r) livestock breeding maldarçylyk luck bagt lucky mañlaÿly, ho?bagt machmaker sawçy living ÿa?aÿy? mad guduz, telbe living quarters mesgen lull huwwalamak, hü££ermek, hüwdülemek made of edilen lizard as, ha££uk, kelpeze, (r) suwulgan lullaby hüwdi magazine £urnal load ÿük, zarÿadlamak, oklamak lump kesek, lokga, döwüm magic jady load up ÿüklemek lunch günortanlyk nahar magician jadygöÿ loaded ÿükli lung öÿken, öÿken magnet magnit(r) loader ÿükçi lungs bagyr-öÿken magnify ulalmak loading zarÿadka(r) lurch çaÿkanmak magpie alahekik loaf around ykmak lustre lowurdy, ÿalpyldy mail poçta loam laÿ, toÿun lye a?gar mailman poçtalon(r) loamy toÿunsow mainland materik loan zaÿom(r) maintenance mazmun, saklaÿy? (r) majestic belent lobby foÿe (r) local orunly, oturymly, ÿerli major maÿor located ÿerle?mek make marka(r), ÿasamak, hars, location esgerlik etmek lock gulp, gulplamak, petilemek make a bed gowlamak locust çekirtge make a bet jedel etmek log naw make a call jyññyrdatmak loiter kañkamak make a case delillendirmek lone ÿeke make a fist ÿumruklamak loneliness aÿralyk make a fuss izzildemek long ösgün, uzyn, tukatlanmak, make a hole de?mek uzak make a hole in köwmek long ago birçak, häli, köpden make a noise gyk-bak etmek, long for çygylmak, ymtylmak ?agyrdamak, ?aggyldamak long-distance ?äherara make a pact wadala?mak long-lasting pugta make a place home ÿerlemek longitude uzynlyk, uzaklyk make a speech çyky? etmek look görnü?, kysym, nazar, ke?p, make a stop duruzmak, garaÿy?, köw salmak dü?lemek look after seretmek make a tool abzalla?dyrmak look around garanjaklamak make a trade söwda etmek look at esetmek, äñetmek, make accurate sazlamak seretmek make acquaintance tany?mak look for eklemek, agtarmak, make an abstract selpemek of kospektirlemek(r) look for someone indemek make an agreement razyla?mak look like meñzemek make an effort emgemek look over añkarmak, äñetmek make an incision kertmek loom stanok(r), hellewlemek make an indistinct loop halka, petle(r) noise dükürdemek loose ÿum?ak make an offer teklip etmek loosen çözmek, ÿum?amak make angry gaharjandyrmak, looseness ÿum?aklyk gazaplandyrmak lose basylmak, utdurmak, make at home jaÿla?dyrmak ÿitirmek make beautiful owadanlamak lose a game ÿeñilmek, utulmak make better gowulandyrmak, lose energy ysgynsyzlanmak gowula?mak lose weight iglemek make black garaltmak loss ÿitgi, yrÿa make bulging ÿepbe?dirmek lot bije, ülü?, täleÿ make clear subut etmek, (r) anyklamak, aÿdyñla?dyrmak lottery lotereÿa make deeper çukuralmak, loud çasly, ?owhunly çuñalmak Turkmen/English Dictionary 98 make dry kakatmak manager beÿemçi, matt öçügsi make even deñlemek uprawleniÿaÿu??i£(r), müdir matted öçgün make fine irlemek mandarin mandarin matter i?, jisim, madda, make glassy aÿnalamak mandatory hökman materiÿa(r), i? make haste alñasamak maneuver manÿowr(r) mattress dü?ekçe make hay siloslamak manger ÿasli(r) mature önmek make hooked gañrylamak maturity ÿet?enlik make it to gowu?mak mangle typançan, taÿgançak mangy kel, gotur mausoleum mawzoleÿ(r) make in time ÿeti?mek may mümkin make known bellenmek, manly mert manner edähet, usul, tär May maÿ bildirmek may peace be upon make larger ulaltmak manure dökün manuscript golÿazma you salawmaleÿkim make laugh güldürmek mayor häkim make merry bälçiremek many ençeme, köp many-floored gatbar-gatbar me men, lälezar, lälezarlyk, make more çemen frequent ÿygjamlatmak map karta March mart(r) meal bi?-du?, çaÿ-çörek, nahar make more profuse çukuralmak mean ÿakymsyz, diÿmek2, make muddy palçykyldamak march ÿörü?, ädimlemek marching nyzam niÿetlemek make noise gykylyklamak, mean-spirited gaharly wagyrdamak mare baÿtal mark häsiÿetlendirmek, alamat, meaning ähmiÿet, many make old garratmak meaningless batnyksyz, make oneself baha, ny?an, teÿdar, habar, ny?ana bolgusyz useful peÿdalanmak means eklenç, seri?de, tär make a sign belgilemek marketable ÿörgünli marking teÿdar meanwhile häzirlikçe make peaceful parahatlanmak measure çak, ölçeg, çen, make smaller u?atmak marksman mergen marksmanship mergenlik ölçemek, ölçemek make someone measurement ölçeÿi? content kanagatlandyrmak marriage nika married (of a girl) durmu?a meat et make someone (r) wait gara?dyrmak çykan meatpie somsa make someone work i?letmek married couple är-aÿal meaty etli make someone marry nikala?mak mechanic mehanik(r), ma?inist(r) insecure aljyratmak marry (of a girl) durmu?a mechanical drawing çertÿor(r) make something çykmak mechanics mahanika(r) better oñatlandyrmak marsh süÿge?iklik mechanism mehanizm(r) make something (r) marshall marçal (r) crumble owratmak marshy (adj.) süÿge?ik mechanization mehanizasiÿa make something martial law harby ÿagdaÿ mechanize mehanizmleçdirmek(r drip sarkyrmak martyr ejir, ezÿet ) make something marvel gudrat medal medal(r), £eton(r) rhyme kapyÿala?dyrmak marvelous täsin medical assistant feldsher(r) make marxism marksizm(r) medicine derman, em, (r) specific konkretle?dirmek marxism-leninism marksizm- medisina(r) make stand turuzmak leninizm(r) meditate on diñir genmek make still durlamak, marxist marksistik(r) meekness ÿuwa?lyk arkaÿynlamak mask maska(r) meet görü?mek, gar?yldamak, make thin inçeltmek uçramak, du? gelmek, du?mak, masquerade maskarad(r) make up ylala?mak, ÿara?mak du?u?mak, tany?mak, görmek, (r) make up one's mind karara mass köpçülik, massa , jisim, gar?y, tany? bolmak gelmek töp meet someone sata?mak, make use of haÿyrlanmak mass death gyrgyn ÿolukmak make weak gow?atmak mass meeting miting(r) meeting du?u?yk, oturyly?yk, make well abadanla?dyrmak massage massaA(r), owkalamak barly?yk make yellow saralmak mast bogaldak melancholy tukatlyk (r) (r) make-up grim , kosmetika , master senetçi, senetçilik, ussa, melodiousness labyz düzüm ÿasaÿjy, halypa, hojaÿyn, ussat, melody labyz, mukam, heñ malaria gyzzyrma, ysytma özle?dirmek, türgenle?mek melon gawun male nurse sanitar(r) mastery çeperçilik, çeperlik, melonfield bakja malevolent betniet, betpäl ussaçylyk, ussatlyk melt eremek malfunction kelleba?aÿak match otluçöp, kükürt, döw member agza, çlen(r) malice hyÿanat matchmaker sawçylar membership çlenlik malicious gyñyr, hyrsyz material maddy, material(r), membrane perde mallet tokmak materiÿa(r) memorial ceremony aÿat man erkek, adam (r) memory hakyda, hu?, ÿadygär man of letters edebiÿatçy materialism materializm menace haÿbat manage oñarmak, beÿemçilik materialistic materialistik(r) mend düz etmek, ÿamamak etmek, dolandyrmak, edara math tangens(r) mental ruhy etmek mathematical matematiki(r) mention someone management dolandyrys, else agzamak mathematics matematika(r) uprawleniÿe(r), prowlenie(r) menu menÿu(r) Turkmen/English Dictionary 99

meow mawlamak miserly gysganç morality moral(r) mercantilism nebisjeñlik, misfortune betbagtlyk morals moral(r) nebsewürlik misinformed bihabar morbidity ÿarawsyzlyk merchant söwdager, söwdagar mispronounce pelteklemek more than gowrak merciful geçirimli mispronunciation peltek morning ertir, irden mercury simap miss myçmak, sypdyrmak, ÿürek morsel tike meridian meridian(r) gysmak (r) miss someone intizar bolmak mortar minomÿot merit hyzmat, mertebe Moslem musulman merlin gyrgy missed sowa (r) mosque metjit merrily ?ähdaçyk, ?üweleñli mission tab?yryk, missiÿa mosquito aÿakçy, çirkeÿ, çybyn merriment ?adyÿanlyk, ?agalañ missle snaÿard most iñ merry bälçik, sapaly, ?adyÿan, mist çigrek, duman most of the time galapyn ?üweleñ, ho?wagt, mes, mistake ÿalñy? moth güe, çirkeÿ ?agalañly, ?oh mistaken telek mother eje message tab?yryk, maglumat, misty dumanly motherhood ejelik sargyt mix bulamak, gary?dyrmak, mother tongue ene dili (r) gatmak metal metal motor motor(r), dwigatel(r) (r) mix in gary?dyrmak metallurgy metallurgiÿa motorcyle motosikl(r) (r) mix up ÿalñy?dyrmak, meter metr bula?dyrmak motorized water method metod(r), tär, usul mix with garmak pump skwazhina(r) methodical metodik(r) mixed gary?yk motorship teplohod(r) methodist (one who is skilled in mixed up duk, çola?mak mount münmek methodologies) metodist(r) moan hyklamak, nala, nalamak, mountain dag iñlemek, izzildemek methods metodika(r) mountain passage ötelgesi mob üÿ?meleñ (r) mountain-dweller dagly microbe mikrob mobile göçme (r) mourn gam cekmek, zarynlamak microphone mikrofon mobilization mobilizasiÿa(r) mournful zaryn, naly?ly (r) microscope mikroscop mobilize mobilizlemek(r) mouse syçan, syçan middle ara, orta, ortaky, ortanjy model göredeli, model(r), moustache murt middle-sized aralyk (r) moustached murtly midnight ÿary gije marka mouth agyz might kuwwat moderate maÿdal mouth harp gopuz mighty äpet moderately aram mouthful atagzy mild tultuk, myssyk modern häzirki, täze move göç, tigirlenmek, militancy söwe?lyk modest kiçigöwünli togalanmak, yrgyldamak, militant söwe?jen modification üÿtge?iklik butnamak, göçmek, hereket militarize harbyla?dyrmak modify üÿtgetmek etmek, herketlendirmek, military harby moist çygly, çygly, çig, nemli, süÿ?mek, süÿü?mek military service go?unçylyk ?alpy-?arañ move oneself gozganmak moisten ezmek, ezilmek militia milisiÿa(r) move something gozgamak moistness çyglyk milk süÿt, süÿt, sagmak move something göçürmek, moisture çyg, nem, yzgar, zeÿ milkmaid sagymçy süÿ?ürmek moisturize zaÿleek milky süÿtli move away from uzakla?mak molasses to?ap mill degirmen, haraz move backward gaÿralmak Moldovan moldowan millet dary move forward ilerlemek, mole täç millimeter millimetr(r) süÿü?mek molecular molekulÿar movement gatnaw, hereket, million million(r) molecule molekula gadam mimic öÿkünmek moment lampa, maÿ, pursat much kän, köp, uly mince eljiremek momentarily ?apba mucus nem mind akyl, añ, kelle, ÿürek, ÿat momentary ÿalpa, minutlyk(r) mud kir, palçyk, batga, çor, (r) mine ?ahta Monday du?enbe çyr?ak, hapa, lüÿk miner ?ahtaçy(r), ?ahtÿor(r) money pul muddle ÿalñy?dyrmak mineral mineral(r) Mongol mongol muddy kirli monkey maÿmyn minister ministr(r) mulberry tut monotonous birhili mule gatyr ministry ministrlik(r) monster gorkunç mule saddle gañña mint narpyz, çekankalamak, monstrous person ganhor mull over ikirjinlemek çyrpmak month aÿ mullah molla minty narpyzly monthly aÿlyk multi-colored reñbe-reñ, (2 (r) minus sign minus monument monument(r), colors) ala, (3 or more colors) minute minut(r), külke, maÿda ÿadygärlik alabeder minutely jikme-jik monumental monumental(r) multilateral köptaraply miracle gudrat moo molamak multiply artdyrma, köpeltmek mirage sagym, salgym mood tap, ?äht mumble samramak, sarnamak mirror aÿna moon aÿ, aÿdyñ mumblings samyrdy mischief betlik moonlit aÿdyñ municipal kommunal(r) misconstrue ÿoÿmak moral moral(r), ahlak Murat gezdirmek miser gysganç murderer ganhor Turkmen/English Dictionary 100

murmur ?illirdi, hümürdemek, newspaper gazet(r) ?illirdemek, ?irrildemek, ?yrlamak next golaÿ, indiki, nobatdaky, museum muzeÿ(r) nobatky, indi, höwürtgelemek mushroom kömelek next time indikile music saz N nibble gemirmek music bow kemençe nice görkana, görmegoÿ, musical sazly, saz ÿakymly, gözel, mylaÿym musician sazanda, sazandar nail çüÿ, çüÿlemek, (metal) myh, nickel ?aÿylyk, ?aÿy Muslim musulman (finger or toe) dyrnak nickname lakam mustard gorçitsa(r) naive mön niece ÿegen, ÿegençi musucianship sanandarlyk naked ÿalanaç night gije mute sessiz, lal name atlandyrmak nightingale bilbil muteness lallyk named after adyñdaky nightmare garabasma mutilation ?ikes namely atlaÿyn, atly nightsoil dökün mutineer gozgalañçy namesake atda? nimble ÿüwrük mutiny pitne, topalañ nana eneke nine dokuz mutter hümürdemek, samramak, napkin salfetka(r) ninety togsan sarnamak narrow atÿuzli, dar ninth dokuzynjy mutterings samyrdy nasty nejis nintieth toganynjy mutual özara nation millet, halk, ÿurt nitrogen azot(r) mutual aid arkala?yk national milli no ÿok, däl mutual respect syla?yk nationality halkylyk, halkyÿet, no one yns-jyns muzzle tum?uk osetin, raÿat, millet no-good warak myself özüm nationwide ählihalk, umumyhalk noble asylly mysterious syrly, syrly native süÿtde? noise galmagal, goh, gopgun, mystery syr, syr, tilsim natural tebigy, kanuny gykylyk, jenjel, ?aggyldy, wagyr, naturalist naturalist(r) zenzele, ?agyrdy, ses, ?owhun naturally formed bakja oÿtak noisy galmagally, ?owhunly, sesli nature tabigat nomad çarwa naught nol(r) nomadic camp göç near duldeg?ir, ÿakyn, golaÿ nominate bellenmek nearly tas nomination bellenme neat rejeli non-stop dyngysyz, dynman necessary derkar, gerek, gerekli, noodle soup una? zerur, hökman, möhüm nook çüñk necessity hökmany noon günortan neck boÿun noose hepbik, syrma necklace monjuk norm norma(r) necktie galstuk(r) normal adatça, normal(r), kadaly need hajat, zerurlyk, hal-ahwal, north demirgazyk mätäç bolmak, (dire need) northeast gaÿra, demirgazyk- mätäçlik gündogar needed gerek, gerekli northwest demirgazyk-günbatar needle iññe, iññe nose burun needy mätäç not däl negative otrisatel not a soul gum-gulluk neglect äsgermezçilik, not at all teÿ äsgermezlik, harlamak not bad ganymat negotiate wadala?mak not far golaÿda negotiated geple?ik not full gowuz negotiation(s) geple?ikler not long ago golaÿda, häli negotiations geple?ik not on good terms jet neigh ki?ñemek not peaceful oñ?uksyz neighbor goñ?y, goñ?y-golan not present ÿok neighborhood töwerek not understandable dü?nüksiz neighboring goñ?y not very onçakly neighborly duldeg?ir not well näho? nephew ÿegen not well thought nerve nerw(r), damar out oÿlany?yksyz nest höwürtge, höwürtge, öÿjük notable tanymal net setka(r), tor notary notarius(r) neutral bitarap note habar, hat, (diplomatic or neutrality bitaraplyk musical) nota(r) new täze notebook depder new thing täzelik notepad bloknot(r) newlyweds çatynja = täze nothing hiç, yns-jyns çatynja notice gara?yk newness täzelik notification habardar news habar, hat-habar, täzelik notion dü?ünje, termin(r) Turkmen/English Dictionary 101 nourish iÿmitlendirmek oh hä nourishment iÿmit oh, yes hä novel roman(r) oh! eÿ-waÿ, wiÿ November noÿabr(r) oh! gosh! wah novice öwrenje O oh! oh boy! waÿ now häzir, häzir, indi, ?indi oil nebit, ÿaglamak, (cooking) ÿag now then ÿa oil worker nebitçi now and then aram-aram oar kürek oilcloth kleÿonka(r) (r) oasis oÿlyk oily ÿagly nuclear ÿadro oat flour talhan nucleus özen okay bolÿar, adatça, ho? oath ant, kasam old baÿry, garry, goja, köne numb sömelmek oats süle (r) old age garrylyk number nomer , san, san, obesity semizlik old person garry sifr(r), mukdar, nomerlemek(r) object obÿekt(r), predmet(r), old things köne-kü?ül nurse emdirmek, naharlamak gar?y cykmak old woman kempir nursery ?itilhana objective obÿektiw(r) older eÿmenç, ekabyr nut hoz obligatory hökmany older brother aga oblique gyÿa, çasy olive zeÿtin obliterate ÿegsan etmek olympiad olimpiada(r) oblong süÿnmek, süÿri olympics spartakiÿada(r) obscure büremek omission propusk(r) obscurity tüm, tümlük on boÿunça obsenity sögünç on a diet berhizli observe syn etmek, synlamak on an empty stomach ajöze observe a on end syn-syn ceremony dabaralanmak on hand nagt obstacle garsylyk, gar?ylyk on purpose bilge?leÿin obstacles päsgelçilik on the contrary tersine obstinacy keçlik, kesirlik on the part of babatda obstinance tutanÿerlik on top ÿokary, atlaÿyn obstinate dikdü?di, höçjet, keç, onlooker toma?açy keçjal, kejir, kesir, ketje, once birwagt tutanÿerli once again täzeçe, ÿama?gan, obstruct bökdemek, germemek ÿama?gandan obstruction bökdenç, germew once and for all düÿpgöter, obtuse keçje, tünt düÿpleÿin obvious anyk, aÿan, aÿyl-saÿyl, once more ÿene göz-görtele, ä?gär, görnetin, one bir, ÿekelik aÿdyñ one after the other uçdantutma, obviously mese-mälim yzly-yzynda obviousness ä?gärlik one and all beÿikli-pesli occasion säwlik one and only ÿeke-täk occasionally çendan one-blooded ganybir occupation okkupasiÿa(r), one by one ÿeke-ÿeke hünär, senet one day günin occupied me?gul one hundred ÿüzlük occupy okkupirlemek one hundredth ÿüzünji occur without help öz-özünden one of biri occurence hadysa, hekaÿat one on one ba?a-ba? ocean deñiz, okean(r) one way gidi?in October oktÿabr one-sided birtaraplaÿyn odd bitaÿ, dagynyk oneness birlik, ÿekelik odd (in number) täk onion sogan odor ys only diñe, birlik, ÿeke oesophagus ödek only a little çala of course elbetde onset tutnak offence nadyllyk, öÿke onslaught tutnak offences öÿke-kine open aç, ä?gär, açmak, hañlatmat offend göwnüne degmek open wide hañlatmat offended öÿkeli, kineli, nadyl open-hearted göwnaçyk, offense etmi?, kine mylakatly, akgöwünli offer teklip, hödürlemek opening açyly? office edara, kanselÿariÿa(r), openness ä?gärlik kontor(r), tipografiÿa(r) opera opera(r) officer ofiser(r) operate ÿagdaÿla?mak officer's mess ofiserlik operation operasiÿa(r) official resmi, gerbli opinion ekspertizia(r), garaÿy?, offshoot golçur pikir often aglaba, ÿygy-ÿygydan opposite añry, tersine Turkmen/English Dictionary 102 opposition gar?ylyk over the top ÿokarlygyna oppress ÿanamak over there hanha, holha, honha oppression sütem, zulum overalls kombinezon(r) or ÿa, ÿada overcoat palto(r), ?inel(r) or else ÿogsa, bolmasa overcrowded pürepür P orally dilden overfill pürepürlemek orange mämi?i overflow da?mak, jo?mak orbit orbita(r) overflowing pürepür pace depgip, ÿöri? orbital orbital(r) overhear diñ salmak, diñleÿmek pack petde, gamla?dyrmak (r) orchestra orkestr(r) overmuch agdyk package banderol , gap, order düzgün-tertip, düzgün- overnight ÿatymlaÿyn pedelemek nyzam, höküm, narÿad, orden, overstretch gypjyndyrmak packed dykyz (r) tertip, tertip-düzgün, zakaz(r), overstuffed ÿepbe?ik packet paket düzgün, buÿurmak, sargamak, overtake ozmak paddle kürek, küreklemek sarmak overturn öwrüli?ik, çöwrülmek, paendeky päendeki ordered tertipli agdarmak page sahypa ordering düzgünnama overwhelmed gama?mak pail bedre, uÿluk orderliness ba?ly-barat owl baÿgu? pain horluk, hupbat, azar bermek, orderly düzüwli own elin, süÿtde?, eÿe bolmak azar, yza ordinal numbers tertip sanlar owner eÿe painful yzaly ordinarily köplenç ownership eÿeçilik, hojalyk painfulness ÿarawsyzlyk (r) oxygen kislorod(r) paint boÿag, reñk, boÿamak, ordinary rÿadowoÿ reñklemek ore magdan (r) organ organ painting £iwopis (r) pair taÿ organic organik pairless bitaÿ (r) organism organizm , süu pajamas pijama(r) organization gurama palace kö?k organize saÿhalla?dyrmak, pale akÿuzli, mele, solgun, solgun çäklendirmek, horlanmak, palm aÿa guramak palm of hand ?apbat organize a party toÿlamak palow (pilaf) tüw organizer guramaçy pan taba origin gelip çyky?, gözba?y panacea melhem original özbolu?ly pancake byzmyk originate gelip çykmak pane çüÿ?e ornament gül panic dowul orphan ÿetim (r) (r) panorama panorama orthographic orfografik pant hyssyldamak, daljykmak orthography orfografiÿa(r) pants balak, jalbar oscillate yrgyldatmak paper kagyz oscillation yrgyldy parallel ugurda? ostrich düÿegu? parcel posulka(r) other ba?ga pardon ÿalkamak other people's keseki, kese parents ata-ene, ene-atalar other things ba?ga zat (r) others eÿleki park park otherwise ba?gaça, ÿogsa parlance gep otter gunduz parrot toty ouch! eÿ-wäk, wäk part bölek, rol(r), ülü?, bölmek out (sports) aut(r) partial bölekleyin out of control ÿabany participant gatna?yjy out of reach elÿeter participate in gatna?mak out of the wind ÿele participle ortak out of tune bozulan particular hususan, aÿratyn, out of whack bozulan talapkär, üÿtge?ik outcry haÿkylyk, närazyçylyk particularly ylaÿta outer da?ky, gyraky parting ho?lo?yk (r) outer space kosmos(r) partisan partisan , ÿaran outfit enjamla?dyrmak partition tuty (r) partner hyzmatda? outline kospekt partridge käkilik outline sudur, ?ekel parts ?aÿlar outlined çäklenmek party oturyly?yk, tapgyr, toÿ, (r) outpost zastawa (political) partiÿa(r) output öndürijilik (r) outside da?ary, da?ky pass putÿowka , geçmek, oval süÿri gezmelemek ovary naÿça passage geçelge, ötelge, olum over üsta?yr passenger ÿolagçy Turkmen/English Dictionary 103

passerby ötegçi peninsula ÿarymada phraseology fraseologiÿa(r) passing gidi?ini pennant wympel(r) physical training beden terbiÿe passion hyjuw, hyruç pension pansion(r), pensiÿa(r) physics fizika(r) (r) passive passiw people halk, il, il, il-gün, il-halk, pianist pianist(r) (r) passport pasport ile?ler, halk piano pianino(r) past öñ people's halk pick çokmak, synçgamak, pastry gutap pepper burç ÿygmak pastry chef konditer(r) peppery ajy pick up çöplemek, çöplemek, pasture öri percent protsent(r) götermek pat tapbat, tapbatlamak perceptive duÿgur picture surat, surat patch ÿama perdition nälet picturesque görkana patent göz-görtele perfect kämil, kämile?en, pie gutap path ÿörelge, ÿol kämille?dirmek piece döwüm, tike pathetic gözgyny, naÿynjar perfection kämillik piece of candy kemput patience çydam, kanagat, sabyr, perfidy ähtiÿalanlyk pieces bölek-bölek sabyrlylyk, takat, karar perform çyky? etmek pier pristan(r) patient sabyrly, syrkaw peril heder piercing çapgyn, çirkin patriot watançy period smena(r), döwür, pig doñuz patron hossar, howandar (punctuation) nokat pigeon kepderi patronage howandarlyk period of time möhlet piglet jojuk patronize hossarlyk etmek periodic döwürleÿin pile dös, topbak pattern ülñi, bejergi perish heläk bolmak pilgrim (to Mecca) ymam pause dyngy, iri?me, togtamak, permanent hemi?elik pill tabletka(r) sagynmak, sem bolmak, permission rugsat, sprawka(r), säginmek pillar kolonna(r), sütün ygtyÿar pillow ÿassyk pave dü?emek, pollamak (r) paw penje permit putÿowka pilmeni börek pay tölemek, tölemek perogative hak, hukuk pilot pilot(r) pay attention üns bermek perpendicular dik pimple düwürtik perplexed ÿygrykmak payment töleg, wznos(r), salgyt pin temenge perseverance erjellik pinch çümmük, çirtmek, peace parahatçylyk, ynjalyk, persevering tutanÿerli asudalyk, imisalalyk, oñ?uk, çümmüklemek persistence erjellik, tutanÿerlik pinch (in cooking) garnuw, parahat, parahatlyk, rahat, persistent erjel, tutanÿerli ÿara?yk, dynç, rahatlyk, tapa garyndy person adam, ki?i pink mawy, al, gyrmyzy peaceful asuda, imi-sala, oñ?ukly, (r) rahat, tesilli, rahat person at the top otliçnik pins and needles jüm?üldi peach ?etdaly personage persona£h(r) pioneer pionir(r) peacock tawus personal personal(r), ?ahsy, pioneer days pionirlyk(r) peal ?aññyrdy, ?yññyrdy, ÿekebara pipe truba(r), trubka(r) taññyrdamak personal nature tabigat pistachio pisse pear armyt personality ?ahs, ?ahsyÿet (r) pearl dür, göwher (r) pistol pistolet perspective perspektiv (r) peas nohut persuade göwnetmek pit çukur, çukurlyk, däne, ?ahta peasant daÿhan persuasive degerli pitch eññit, ?epbik, ÿapba?ak peck çokalamak, çokmak pester çekelemek, süÿkenmek pitch a tent çasyrmak peculiar hususan, özbolu?ly, pestle soky pitcher küÿze, golça, (iron) tüñçe üÿtge?ik pet sypalamak pitchfork çar?ak pedal pedal(r) petition towakga pitching yrga pedalogical terbiÿeçilik, petroleum nebit pitiable gözgyny terbiÿeleÿjilik petty ÿalpak, ownukçyl, ÿüzleÿ pitiful naÿynjar peel paçak, sypyrmak, phenomenon hadysa pitted gotur arassalamak, artmak phesant sülgün pity rehim, pu?man etmek, peep (squeak) jüÿgüldy, philanthropy adamkärçilik pu?man, gaÿgyrmak, ökünmek (r) y?yklamak, jüÿgüldemek philharmonic filarmoniÿa(r) placard plakat peep over köw salmak (r) philologic filologik(r) place orun, ÿer, punkt , tarap, peep at jyklamak (r) ündemek, ÿerle?dirmek, salmak peer (person) eginde?, deñdu?, philology filologiÿa place of respect dul ÿa?da? philosophic filosofik(r) place where people live mekan peg gazyk, we?alka(r) philosophy filosofiÿa(r) plain takyr, ÿönekeÿ pelican gotan phlegm gakylyk plain to see görnetin pelvis çanaklyk phlegmy gakylyk plains düz, düzlük pen agyl, ruçka(r) phone telefon(r) plaintive naly?ly, naÿynjar, zaryn pen-knife çakgy phonetic fonetik(r) plait saç örümi, çyrma?mak (r) (r) penalty jerime, jeza phonetics fonetika(r) plan plan , proÿekt , penance toba phony jögi çenlemek, plana?dyrmak(r) pencil galam photograph fotografiÿa(r), plane rende, rendelemek pencil-case galamdan (r) plane off ÿonmak penetrate böwüsmek forografilemek , surat plane tree çynar penetrating çirkin, ÿiti phraseologic fraseologik(r) planer törpi Turkmen/English Dictionary 104

planet planeta(r) poker (for a fire) kesewi poverty garyplyk, pukaralyk, plank ÿokundy, tagta polar polÿar(r) ÿokluk planned planly(r) Pole polÿak(r) powder poro?ak(r) planning planlyk(r) pole polÿus(r), syryk power kuwwat, güÿç, häkimiÿet, plant ekmek, oturtmak (r) kuwwatlylyk, ysgyn, zarp policeman milisioner (r) plaster gips(r), suwamak policy syÿasat, syÿasat power station elektrostansiÿa powerful äpet, kuwwatly plasticine plastilin(r) polish tara?lamak, törpülemek polishing tara? powers mejal plate tarÿelka(r) pox mama (r) (r) polite edepli platform perron , platforma , politeness edeplilik, sypaÿçylyk, practice praktika(r) estrada(r), tribuna(r) edep praise magtanç, öwgi, öwgn, platoon wzwod(r) political syÿasy taryp, öwmek, magtamak, play oÿnamak politician syÿasatçy öwmek, taryplamak player oÿunçy politics syÿasat, syÿasat pray doga okamak, özelenmek, plead özelenmek pollen tozga dilemek pleasant ho?amaÿ, ÿyly, mazaly, pollute zaÿalamak prayer dileg, hudaÿa çokunma, mähirli, mylaÿym, ÿakymly, ?irin polyclinic poliklinika(r) namaz pleasantness ho?amaÿlyk, (r) preach wagyz etmek polytechnic politeknika precept nesihat mylaÿymlyk pomegranite nar please ÿaranmak precipitate ÿagmak pond howda, howda, howuz precipitation ÿagyn, ÿagmyr, pleased with kaÿyl ponder diñir genmek pleasing hezil ygal ponderous saldamly precisely tegelek pleasing taste lezzetli (r) pleasure gönençilik, hezel, hözir, pool basseÿn , çalpaw, howuz precision takyklyk lezzet, maza, hezillik, keÿp, sapa poor gedaÿ, garyp, myrtar predator ÿyrtyjy pleat epin poor person gedaÿ predatory wag?y pledge äht poppy läle, läbik predominance agdyklyk plenty gana popular geçginli, populÿar(r), preface sözba?y pliable çeÿe ÿörgünli prefix pristawka(r) pliers atagzy population ilat pregnant göwreli plot dildüw?ük populous ilatly premier premera(r) plotting betniet, betpäl porcelin farfor(r) preoccupied aladaly ploughshare paza porch seki, dalan, podÿezd(r) preparation preparat(r) plow plug(r), sökmek porcupine oklukirpi preparations taÿyarlyk pluck üzmek, üzülmek, ÿolmak portend duÿdurmak prepare toplanmak, çemelenmek, pluck out ÿolmalamak porter nosil??ik(r) häzirlemek, taÿyarlamak, plug ?tepsel(r) portion paÿ(r), por?en(r), taÿynalmak prepare a dish bi?irmek plum garaly portsiÿa(r), gatanç, döwüm preparedness taÿyarlyk plum tree garaly (r) (r) portrait portret preposition sözsoñy plumber slesar (r) plump lopbush, semiz, pökgi Portugal portugal present häzirki, ?indiki plumpen parkyldamak position düzgünnama, esgerlik, present evidence delillendirmek plunder talamak komandirlik(r), pozitsiÿa(r), presentation çyky? plunge topulmak, çümmek wezipe preserve zapowednik(r) plus plÿus(r) possessive olluk president prezident(r), rektor(r), plush mahmal possibility mümkinçilik sowgat possible mümkin (r) presidium prezidium(r) plywood faner possibly ähtimal press sykmak, gysmak, basmak, pocket jübi, kise (r) pocket money spwa post post , poçta preslemek, ÿanamak pockmarked gotur post-meal prayer töwir press conference pres- (galdyrmak) pod kösük konferentisiÿa(r) (r) poem gosgy, poema(r), ?ygyr postage stamp marka press forward zomamak poet ?ahyr postcard otkrytka(r) press in ÿem?ertmek poetess ?ahra poster afi?a(r), plakat(r) press up against gysmyljyramak poetic poeztik(r), gosgy posterity nesil pressed in ÿem?ermek poetic works ?ahyrlyk postpone uzakla?dyrmak pressing möhletli poignant ÿiti pot gazança, gor?ok(r), piti pressure basy?, sütem pretty eÿjelik, gözel, görkana, point utuk, punkt(r) potatoes karto?ka(r) telper (r) pothole gazganak point (in a game) oçko previous öñki potter's trade (craft) küÿzegarlik point of view jähet, nukdaÿnazar previous situation öñkülik (r) pointed zömmek potty gor?ok price nyrh, baha pointer dil poultry gu?çulyk prices gymmatlamak pointer finger süem barmak pound bükgüldemek, bükdürmek prick naÿzalamak, sanjamak pointless manysyz pour çogmak, akytmak, gulmak, prick up (one's ears) ü?ertmek poison awy guÿmak, ?abyrdamak prickle tiken poisonous zäherli pour in guÿmak prickly tikenli poke synçgamak, dürtmek, pour out eñtermek, tenmek pride buÿsanç, guwanç çommaltmak pour over haplamak Turkmen/English Dictionary 105 primary ilkinjilik, ilkinji prospect añ-dü?ünje push iteklemek, itelemek, primary beginning ba?langyç prospecting razwedka(r) itermek, itmek, zomamak primordial ilkidurmu? prosper pajalamak push and shove itni?mek princers gysgyç prosperity eÿgilik, dokçulyk, push button knopka(r) principle prentsip(r) üpjünlik, e?ret, oñluk, meslik push over agdarmak principles kodeks(r) protect hossarlyk etmek, pushy person itigi print ?rift(r) goramak put atmak, salmak, garsamak, printed cotton cloth jir protection gorag, goraÿy? goÿmak, ündemek, ÿoklamak printer çapçy protector goragçy put away gizlemek, gizlenmek printing plant çaphana, protest gar?ylyk görkezme, put forward goÿmak (r) put in dykylmak tipografiÿa(r) protest , gar?ylyk görkezmek protocol protokol(r) put in lines setilemk priority biriñilik put in order saÿhalla?dyrmak prison türme protracted uzyn protrude çommaltmak put inside çümdürmek prisoner tussag, tussag, ÿesir put it shortly garaz private hususy, hususy protruding güberçek proud buÿsanjan, gedam, put off uzakla?dyrmak private (soldier) rÿadowoÿ put on dakmak private office kabinet(r) sarsmaz prove subut etmek, subut etmek put on airs gomparmak, privilege ÿeñillik, hak-hukuk ulumsyramak (r) proverb nakyl prize baÿrak, priz provide üpjünetmek put on weight semretmek problem problema(r) provide help hemaÿat etmek put out öçürmek put right ugrukdyrmak process protses(r) provide hospitality hezzetlemek put through a hole ötürmek prod dürtmek provided for üpjün put up germek produce öndürmek, önmek, province oblast putrid çüÿrük etmek (r) provocation prowokatsiÿa puzzle matal product önüm prying bilesigeliji production önüm, önümcilik, pubis gasyk önümçilik public çekimli, kommunal(r) productive guzlaññy public prosecutor garalawçy, productivity öndürijilik (r) products harytlar prokuror profession kesp, kär public- (r) mindedness jemgyÿetçilik professional professional publication çap etme professor professor(r) publish çap etmek, ne?ir etmek profit dü?ewünt, nebis, utu?, publisher ne?ir ediji, ne?irÿatçy bähbit, haÿyr publishing house ne?irÿat profitable dü?ewüntli, gazançly puddle çalpaw profound çuññur puff burugsamak, hyssyldamak prognosis prognoz(r) puke gusmak program programa(r) pull çüwek, tartmak, çekmek pull at çykarmak progress progres(r), ÿeti?ik pull out ütmek, goparmak, (r) progressive progressiw sogurmak, süÿremek prohibited haram, gadagan pull together büzmek project proÿekt(r), proÿektirlemek pulpit kafedra proletarian proletor(r) pumpkin kädi proletariat proletariat(r) pun ÿomak prolong süÿndürmek, uzaltmak punctual rejeli promise lebiz, wada, äht punctuation punktuatsiÿa promptly okgunly puncture de?mek promulgation ne?ir punish jeza bermek, prone arkan, ÿüzin jezalandyrmak, temmi bermek pronoun at calysma, çaly?ma punishment temmi, çäre, jeza pronounce aÿdylmak puny göÿduk pronunciation aÿdyly?, käÿinç pupil okuwçy, (of the eye) göreç proof subutnama puppy güjük prop direg purchaser alajy prop up daÿamak, diremek pure dury, päk, tämiz, halal (r) propagate propagandirlemek(r) puree pÿure property emläk, go?-golañ, mal- purified saplanmak mülk, go?, häsiÿet, häsiÿet purify saplamak, tämizlemek, prophecy hadys tämislik prophet pygamber purple çernil(r) propitious oñaÿly purpose maksat, hyÿal, pygyl propoganda propaganda(r) purr ?irrildemek proportion laÿyklyk pursuit kowgy pus çylpyk, iriñ prose kyssa, proza(r) pus-like iriñli prose writer prozaçi(r) Turkmen/English Dictionary 106

rat alaka ratify tassyklamak rational islege laÿyk rationalist ratsionalizator Q R rationality ratsionaçylyk(r) rattle ?arkyldy, tyrkyldy, taññyrdamak, tarkyldamak, qualification kwalifikasiÿa(r) rabbit tow?an tarkyldatmak, tykyrdatmak, quality hil rabid guduz hy££yldamak, ?arkyldamak quantity mukdar, ululyk race ÿary?mak, çapy?yk, jyn, ÿary?, rattling tarkyldy quarrel çekele?mek, tersle?ik, urug, tohum, myçmak raven garga, zag jetle?mek, senemere edi?mek, race track aÿlaw ravine jar sögü?mek, tersle?mek racism jynsparazlyk raw çygly quarrel with käÿiçmek racist jynsparaz raw materials çigmal quarrelsome igenjeñ, igenjeñlik rack we?alka(r) ray nur, ?öhle quarter çärÿek, kwartal(r) racket galmagal, gowga, zenzele razor päki quay pristan(r) radiance parlak reach gowu?mak queen (in chess) prezi radiant röw?en react äwmek quest agtary? radiate parlamak reaction reaksiÿa(r) question sorag, sorag, sowal, radio radio(r) reactionary reaksion(r) soramak, ?ek, sorag bermek radio center radiouzel(r) reactive reaktiw(r) queue nobat, nobat tutmak radio operator radist(r) read okamak quick çalasyn, ÿüwrük radio station radiostantsiÿa(r) reading and writing hat-sowat quick wittedness ü?ük (r) ready taÿÿar, taÿÿyn, taÿyarlyly, quickly çalt, hasyr-husur, hyrra, radio-announcer diktor (r) häzir ?agga, ?apba, ?ark-?urk, tiz radish rediska , turp (r) (r) real real , tüÿs quickness çalasynlyk, çaltlyk radius radius (r) quiet domma, ÿuwa?, imi-sala, raft sal realism realizm rahat, arkaÿynlamak rag esgi, çogdan realistic realistik(r) quietly keremara rage gahar, gahar-gazap, üzñelik, reality hakykan, hakykat quilt ÿorgan, syramak möwkemek, ?arlamak, möwç realize pa?mak quince beÿi almak really hakykatdan, dogrudan quiver endiremek, sarsmak rags gyÿkundy, ?ylha really? hiÿ? heÿ? quiz barlag i?, wiktorina(r) raid hüjüm reap ormak (r) railing tutawaç rear tyl, yz quotation sitada rear part ÿeñçe quote sitirlemek railroad pliers äti?gir rails rels(r) reason pähim, sypalga, sebäp, rain ÿagmyr, ÿagy?, ygal spwa, oÿlanmak rainbow älemgo?ar reasonable pähimli, sebäpli (r) reassure haÿ-kü? etmek, höre- raincoat pla? kö?e etmek rainy ÿagynly, ÿagy?ly, ygally rebel gozgalañçy, pitnesi raise galdyrnak, galmak, rebellion topalañ, pitne gatalkmak, ÿokarlanmak rebuff gaÿtawul raise a price gymmatlamak (r) raise above götergimek receipt kwitansiÿa raise oneself dikelmek, receive uçramak gobsynmak receiver trubka(r) raising kötel receiving room myhmanhana raising deer sugunçylyk receiving set radionpryomnik(r) raisins ki?mi? recently arada, ÿañy ÿakynda rake dyrmak, dyrmyk recess arakesme rally miting(r) recipe retsept(r) ram goç recital konsert(r) ram-like (a compliment) goç recline süÿnmek rampart seññer recognize ykrar etmek, tanamak range plita(r) recollection ÿadygär rant and rave basyrganmak recommendation rekomendasiÿ rap tarsuldamak, tarkyldamak, a(r) tarkyldatmak, tarsuldy, recompense tölemek tykyrdatmak, tyrkyldamak, reconcile ylala?dyrmak, tyrkyldatmak, tykyrdamak razyla?mak, ÿara?dyrmak rapidity çaltlyk reconciliation ÿara?yk rapidly okgunly, çalt reconnaissance rapids gatakar party razwedka(r) (r) raport raport record rekord(r), ÿazgy rare gyt, seÿrek recover gutulmak, sagalmak rarely iki-ÿeke, ÿek-tük recruit pyntyklamak rascal haramzada, aldawçy rectify düzetmek rash ite?en, örgün Turkmen/English Dictionary 107

rector rektor(r) remainder galyndy rest dynç, rahatlyk, tapa, ynjalyk rectorship rektorlyk(r) remaining galyndy restaurant restoran(r) red çypar, gyrmyzy, gyzyl remedy seri?de, seri?de restrain one's self saklanmak red poppy gülälek remember ÿatlamak result netije, timarlamak redden gyzarmak rememberance hakyda result in rejelemek reddest gyp-gyzyl remind ÿatalatmak resurrection dirili? reduce haÿallatmak, remote da?lykdaky retell beÿan etmek selçenlemek, seÿreklemek, remoteness çuñluk retract dänmek ÿuwa?atmak, egismek, removal köwek retreat gaçmak, çekilmek, kemeltmek, kemmek, kiçeltmek, remove çykarmak, da?la?dyrmak sepikmek peseltmek, ÿuwa?amak render äbermek retribution jeza reduction peseltme renew täzelemek, täzelenmek return gaÿdy?yn, öwrülmek, reed çiñrik, gamy?, gargy renovate täzelemek gaÿtarmak refer to salgylanmak rent kärende tölegi reveal oneself paramak refine kämille?dirmek, ÿukalmak rental kärende, kireÿ revel keÿp çekmek reflect aÿlamak repair bejermek, ÿamamak, düz revenge ar, kast reflective aÿnadan etmek revenue gipdeji reflexive duÿdansyz repair(s) remont(r) reverence yzzat reform reforma(r) repay a debt özmek review syn etmek, syn, tankyt, refresh y?yklandyrmak, repeal goÿbolsun etmek gaÿtala?dyrmak janlandyrmak repeat gaÿtalmak revival galkynys (r) repeat several revive janlanmak refrigerator holodilnik times gaÿtala?dyrmak (r) refugee gaçgak revolution rewolÿusiÿa , repetition ÿola öwrüli?ik regard äsgermek replace täzelenmek, täzelemek (r) revolutionary rewolÿusion(r) regime rezhim replica replika(r) (r) revolve hozanaklamak regiment polk report doklad(r), maglumat, reward baÿrak region olrug, raÿon(r), ülke, hasabat rheumatism bilagyry, guragyryly uçastok(r) report upon bildirmek rhombus rom(r) register registrirlemek(r) repose rahatlyk, tapa, ynjalyk rhyme kapyÿa, rifma(r), representative wekil registration registrasiÿa(r), kapyÿala?dyrmak, kapyÿala?mak reproach gyjalat, teÿene, käÿinç ÿazgy rib gapyrga reproof käÿinç (r) ribbon lenta registry registratura reptiles süÿrenjiler regret ahmyr, gynanç, ökünç, rice tüw, bürünç republic respublika(r) pu?man, ahmyr etmek, rice porridge ?üle (r) gynanmak, pu?man etmek, republican respublikan rich baÿ ökünmek repugnant ÿigrenji rich in content manyly repulse gaÿtawul rich in possessions barly regular regulÿar(r), kadaly reputation abraÿ, at-abraÿ rich with bol (r) regulate regulirlemek request haÿy?, towakga, haÿy? richness döwlet rehearsal repetisiÿa(r) etmek ricochet çawmak reign höküm sürmeklik, höküm requirement talap riddle matal, tapmaça sürmek research gözleg ride togalamak rein in ideklemek, jylawlamak resemblance meñze? ridge ulgam reinforce mäkämlemek resemblance meñzeçlik ridiculous gülkünç, bolgusyz reinforced berkitme resemble çalym etmek, riding academy maner reinforcement berkitme meñzemek riding school maner reins jylaw reserve zapowednik(r) rifle tüpeñ reject ret etmek reserve(s) rezerw(r) right hak, hak-hukuk, hukuk, rejoice monça bolmak reserved garasöÿmez, domma hukuk, mamla, hak relate beÿan etmek resin ?epbik right after yzy bilen relation gatna?yk, howandar resolute töwekgel, üzül-kesil, right now derrew relationship howandarlyk, kesgin right up to tä hossarlyk (r) righteous halal relative dogan-garynda?, resolution rezolÿusiÿa , çözgüt, rigid doñan garynda?, howandar, otnositel, ustaw(r) rim erñek ?ertli resort kurort, sanatoriÿa(r) rime çigrek relatives kowum-garanda?, resource resurs(r) rind paçak nebere respect hatyra, hezzet-hormat, ring ÿüzük, halka, jyññyrdamak, relaxation dynç hormat, sylag, yzzat, ?yññyrdy, zarñyldamak, relaxed hatyrjem hormatlamak, sarpa goÿmak, jaññyrdamak, ?añlamak, relay race estafeta(r) sylamak ?aññyrdamak, ?yññyrdamak release sypmak, akdyrmak, respect sarpa ring finger ogulhajat sabamak respectable epeÿ ringing jyññyrdy, ?atlama relevant dahylly respond seslenmek rink taÿgançak reliable ähtibar, ynamly respond to äwmek rinse çaÿkamak religion din responsibility garamat, rinse out çaÿkamak religious dindar, dini jogapkärçilik rip out a seam sökülmek, rely baÿrynmak responsible jogapkar, jogapkärli sökmek ripe tagt Turkmen/English Dictionary 108 ripped ÿyrtyk rude gödek rise gögermek, (of the sun) rugby regbi(r) dogmak rugby player regbiçi(r) risk töwekgelçilik, töwekgellik, ruin zaÿalamak, bozmak heder ruined weÿrançylykly S rival bäsde? ruins haraba rivalry bäsle?ik rule düzgün, kada, häkimiÿet river derÿa ruler han, (measuring) çyzgyç saber gylyç rivet berçin rumble ?akgyrdy, gürpürdi, sabotage diversiÿa(r), road ÿol jugurdamak, ?akgyrdamak, ÿykgynçylyk roam tentemek, seÿil, seÿran ?akgyrdatmak, takyrdamak, sack halta, ganar etmek, entemek, entreklemek takyrdatmak, tykyrdamak sacred mukaddes roar gübürdemek, rumours my?-my? sacrifice gurban, pida gümmürdemek, gürrüldemek, rumour owaza sad gamgyn, gamly, gaÿgyly, möññürmek rumoured hy?y-wu?y tukat, zaryn roar with run ylgaw, geçirmek, çüwdürmek, saddle eÿer, eÿerlemek, laughter hahahaÿlamak ylgamak, ylgamak içirgilemek roast çirkizmek run away zut gaçyp gitmek saddle straps ganjyga rob talamak run insomething süsdürilmek sadness gaÿgy, tukatlyk robe don run into çaky?mak safe arkaÿyn rock yralamak, yramak, yranmak, running ylgaw safely sag aman, aman yrañ atmak, uçurmak, üwremek rush gargy, topulmak, çozmak, safety pin iññebagjyk, sanjak, rocket raketa(r) dazlamak, eñmek, howlykmak, temenge rocky da?ly haÿdamak sag gaÿ?armak rod çybyk rush out zogdyrylmak sag-gurgun gezip ÿöremek=be rodents gemrijiler Russia orsÿet in a good mood sag-gurgun role rol(r) Russian ors, rus sail ÿelken roll tirlemek, tirlendirmek, Russian language orsça, rusça sailing ÿelkenli towlanmak, tigirlemek, rust pos, iglemek sailor deñizçi, matros(r) togalamak rustle ?agyrdy, ?itirdi, ?ybyrdy, salad salat(r) roll of film pleÿonka(r) ?ygyrdy, ?ykyrdy, yg?yldy, salary aÿlyk roll up çugutmak, düÿrlemek, ?aggyldamak, ?aggyldy, ?yglamak, saleable ÿörgünli pyrlamak ?yrkyldy, çagsyldamak, salient ilginç roller rolik(r) ?agyrdamak, ?ybyrdamak, saline ?or rolling yrga ?ygyrdamak, ?ykyrdamak, saliva tüÿkülik rolling pin oklaw yg?yldamak, çyb?yrlamak, salivate tüÿküliklemek (r) çyg?yldamak, çyb?yldy, çyg?yldy sallow saryÿagyz Romanian rumyn rusty posly room otag salt duz, duzlamak ruthless rehimsiz salt solution ?erebe root kök, düÿp rye çowdary rope tanap salt water ?orsuw rose bägül, gül saltiness ?orluk rostrum kafedra salty duzly, ?erebe, ?or rot çüÿremek salute salÿut(r) rotate towlamak samovar semawar(r) rotation aÿlanma, tow sample nusga rotten çüÿrük, palak, yslanan sanatorium sanatoriÿa(r) rotteness zaÿaçylyk, çüÿrüklik sand çäge, gum rough copy garalama sandbank saÿ roughness harsallyk sander törpi round tegelek, öwre, tapgyr, sandwich buterbrod(r) raund(r) sandy gumak round off ÿumralmak sapling nahal round trip gidi?in-gaÿdy?yn sash bilgu?ak rouse tuta?dyrmak satiate berçikmek route gatnawy, trassa(r) satin setin(r), atlaz row hatar, setir, September, satisfaction dokluk, ho?allyk, zweno(r), küreklemek kanagatlanarlyk, kanagat, rows setilemk razÿlyk rub çalmak, oÿkamak, satisfactory ho?al, sürtenmek, süÿkemek, kanagatlanlarlykly süÿkenmek satisfied dok, razy rub in sürtmek, çyr?amak satisfy gandyrmak, rub oneself oÿkanmak kanagatlandyrmak rubber kauçuk, rezin(r) Saturday ?embe rubbing alcohol spirit saunter aÿlanjyramak rubbish makulatura sausage kolbasa(r) rucksack rÿukzak(r) sausage link sosiska(r) rudder süÿpent save tyg?ytlamak Turkmen/English Dictionary 109 saving tyg?yt seal tightly jebisle?mek senseless manysyz savings zapas(r) seal with glue ÿelmemek sensitive eserdeñ, öÿkelek saw byçgy, pyçgy, bognamak, sealed tightly jebis sensual duÿgur byçgylmak seam September, tikin sentence sözlem, höküm say ÿamanlamak, diÿmek1, seaman matros(r) sentimentalize over suwjarmak gürlemek seamstress tikinçi sentner (100 kg.) sentner(r) say good-bye ho?la?mak search agtary?, ideg-sorag, separate izolirlemek say hi salamla?mak agtarmak, dörmek, gözlemek separated dyr-pytrak bolmak say something dillenmek search for gözlemek, idemek separation aÿralyk say unpleasant words ÿoku? söz searchlight projhektor(r) September sentÿabr aÿtmak season möwsüm, pasyl, halat sequin jäjek scabbard gyn seasons aÿlar Serb serb(r) scald haplamak seat (of war) ojak Serbian serb(r) scale tor, (for weighing) gapan, secluded çola seretary sekretar(r) (of a map) masçtab second ikinji, sekunt(r) scales terezi sergeant serzhant(r) second place ikinjilik series sereÿa scandal haÿÿarlyk, nadaralyk, ?er, second time ikilenç goh, jenjel serious goÿazy, salyhatly, ymykly second-hand saklanan serious ideas oÿ-pikir scandalmonger gybatke? secondary ikinji derejeli scandalous haÿÿar, nadara seriously çynlakaÿ secret assyryn, gizligin, gizlin, sermon wagyz-nesihat scar çapyk ogryn, syr, tilsim, ÿa?yryn scarcely çala servant gullukçy, hyzmatkär, secret service hyzmatkär scarcity kemçilik, kemlik, köst (r) scare ürküzmek, gorkuzmak officer razwedkaçy serve äbermek, hyzmat etmek scarecrow garantja, gäp secretiveness assyrynlyk service gulluk, hyzmat, hyzmat (r) scarf ?arf(r), ÿaglyk section bölüm, seksiÿa , sesame künji scarlet fever hörezek, täjihoraz ÿartmaç, zweno(r), (of a city) session sessiÿa(r) scatter dagatmat kwartal(r) set döw, ündemek, gurmak scattered çalam-ça? secular dünÿewi set down dü?ürmek scenery ÿagdaÿ security howpsuzlyk, set in order düzgünle?dirmek scent atyr howpsuzlyk, üpjünçilik set off ugramak schedule raspisaniÿe(r), tablisa security deposit girew set off for ugratmak (r) sediment çökündi, lödere set straight düzetmek, scheme shema dikeltmek, ugrukdyrmak (r) sedition bozgaklyk school mekdep, uçili??e see görmek set up germek, çasyrmak science ylym see off ugratmak settle accounts hakla?mak, science (degree) alymlyk seed däne, tohum hasapla?mak, üzülmek scientific ylmy seeded tohumlyk settle down orna?mak scientist alym seeder seÿalka settlement posÿolok(r), scissors gaÿcy seeding tohumçylyk wadala?yk scold käÿemek, sögmek seedling nahal seven ÿedi scoop susmak seeds çitgitlemek seventh ÿedinji scorch çowlamak seek advice maslahatlaçmak seventy ÿetmi? score san seem görünmek several telim scorpion içÿan seem strange geñlemek sew çatmak, gaÿmalamak, scout razwedkaçy(r) seems ÿaly-la tikmek, tikmek scrambled eggs heÿgenek seeth lakyrdamak sew a blanket syramak scrap letde, parça, parçalamak seethe ?arlamak, pykyrdamak sew into ÿab?yrmak scraps gyÿkundy segment dilim sewage system kanalizasiÿa(r) scratch dyrnaçak, sypjyryk, seizure kakyn sewing tikinçilik ykyrdy, dyrnaçaklamak, seldom seÿrek, seÿrek sex pol(r) ga?amak, sypjyrmak, soÿmak selected saÿlama scrawny çepiksi, hor shack küme self elin, öz shade kölege scream gykylyk, närazyçylyk, self-centered öz kelle haÿkyrmak, heñkirmek, (from shady kölegli self-couscious müÿnürgemek shady side guzaÿ fear) wägirmek self-doubting müñkür (r) shaft guÿy screen ekran self-interest nebisjeñlik, shah ?a screw nurbat nebsewürlik shake endiremek, sandyramak, screw in bintlemek self-rule özba?daklyk tibirdemek, titrewuk, scrupulousness çümhöreklik self-worth namys müñküldemek, uçurmak, scuffle uru?, penjelemek sell satmak, satynalmak silkmek, zagyrdamak, sculptor skulptor(r) sell wholesale lomaylygyna sarsdyrmak, titremek sculpture skulptora(r) satmak shake hands elle?mek, sea deñiz seller satyjy ÿeñlenmek sea gull çarlak seminal tohumlyk shake up tisginmek (r) seal çap, metbugat, peçat(r), seminar seminar shaking sandyrawuk, sarsgyn send ibermek, ÿollamak peçatlamak, plomwalamak(r), shallow ÿalpak senior ekabyr, eÿmenç shallower u?atmak ÿelimlemek sensational ?owhunly seal off beklemek shame biabraÿlyk, ejap, sense duÿgy, tikeneklemek masgarçylyk, utanç, uÿat, Turkmen/English Dictionary 110

ÿüzügaralyk, namys, shortage kemçilik, kemlik, köst silly tentek, batnyksyz utandyrmak shorten gysgaltmak, kelteltmek, silt gyrmança shameful biabraÿ, masgara, kiçeltmek, kiçelmek silver kümü?, kümü?lemek wejera shot up pers-ala silver jug for water künnük shameless binamys, haÿasyz, shoulder çigin, egin, omuz silver plate kümü?lemek utançsyz shoulder blade pilçe similar meñzeç, meñze? shape resmile?dirmek shoulder strap pogon(r) similar to ?ekilli shard jäjek, gyÿçak shoulder(s) gerden similarity meñzeçlik share gatanç, ülemek shout haÿkyrmak, heñkirmek, simple sada, türkana, ÿönekeÿ, shareholder paÿçy haÿkylyk, gyk-bak etmek, ÿeñil sharp çapgyn, kesgir, ötgür, ÿiti, zowlatmak simple greeting salam synçy shout back and simpleton tentek sharpen gaÿramak, taplamak, forth gygyry?mak simplicity sadalyk ÿiteltmek, ÿamamak shove sarsdyrmak simplify ÿeñille?dirmek sharpness ü?ük shovel pil, susguç, idirdetmek simply so keÿpine shatter kül-peekun etmek, shoving sarsgyn sin ÿazyk, günä mynjyramak, mynjyratmak, show sergi, toma?a, görkezmek, since bäri seçmek, sepelemek, sepmek hezzetlemek since days of yore köneden shave ÿonmak, syrmak show off kelçermek since then aradan shaving ÿonu?ga shpere sfera(r) sincere dogruçyl, sada shavings gyryndy shred çogdan sincerely çyn ÿürekden shawl gyñaç shrewd synçy sincerity çynÿürekde?lik, she ol shrewdness sap dogruçyllyk shed telär shriek çuñsamak sing saÿramak shed hair soÿulmak shrill çirkin sing the Läle Jana läle kakmak sheep goÿun shrink çürü?mek, daralmak, singe çowlamak sheep dung gyÿk ÿygrylmak singer aÿdymçi, bag?y sheep hold agyl shrivel çürü?mek singular aÿra sheep skin bagana shudder tisginmek, sandyramak, sink batmak, çökmek shelf polk(r), tekje, kapasa diglemek, dyglamak, lerzana sinus sinus(r) shell gabyk gelmek, sarsmak sip gerinmek shelter buky, penalamak shuffle garmak, pürkmek sister uÿa shepherd çopan shun ÿadyrgamak sister-in-law gelin shepherd boy çoluk shut up dymmak sit oturmak shepherdhood çopançilik shutter gabsa sit on the knees çöke dü?mek sherbert ?erbert(r) shy gorkak, utanjañ, ÿygra site meÿdança shift smena(r), (work) çal?yrgyç shyness utanjañlyk, ÿygralyk situation çen, ÿagdaÿ, hal-ahwal, shiftless kelesañ sic (a dog) kü?gürmek, meçew waka shifty eyed ÿeser gözler bermek six alty shin injik sick çakyza, hassa, keselli, kesel, sixty altmy? shine lowurdy, öwü?gin, ÿalpyldy, näsag sizable göwrümli lowurdamak, ?öhlelendirmek, sickle orak size format(r), ölçeg, ölçeg, ülpüldemek, ÿgjarmak sickler orakçy ululyk, gabara shingles demrew sickly göÿduk sizzle jyzyrdamak, jyzlamak shining ÿalpyldawuk sickness çyrçyk, emgek, sizzling jyzzyk shiny ÿalpylda duran hassalyk, ÿarawsyzlyk skating rink katok(r) ship gämi, korabl(r) side böwür, bykyn, gapdal, ÿüz skein kelep, ÿumak shirk progul etmek sided taraplaÿyn sketch eskiz(r), taslama, oçerk, shirt köÿnek sidewalk trotuar(r) ?ekel shish-kebob çi?lik, kebap siege gabaw ski lyzha(r) shiver müñküldemek, sieve elek (r) sift elemek skier lyzhaçy saññyldamak, titremek, (r) tibirdemek siftings kepek skiing lyzha shoal saÿ sight tirkeg, toma?a skilled çeper, ökde, türgen shock urgy sign alamat, belgi, bellik, reje, skilled person senetçi shoe aÿakgap znaçok(r), ny?an, ny?an, gol skillful türgen, çeper, ökde shoe lace uçgur çekmek skimmer kengir skin deri, teletin, soÿmak, shoelace bag signal signal(r) shoemaker ädikçi, köwü??i soÿmak signature gol skin-and-bones çepiksi shoes köwü? significance ähmiÿet shoot tüpeñlemek, atmak skinny arryk, igli significant bajyp, ähmiÿetli skip çapmak shoot down aty?mak signifier alamat shooter atyjy skip a beat jiglemek signify añlatmak, (r) shop dükan, magazin(r), seh(r) alamatlandyrmak, belgilemek, skirt ÿubka , etek (r) diÿmek2 skull cap börük shop window witrina sky asman, gök short gysga, jontuk, kelte, pes silence dym?yk, geplemezlik silent sessiz skylark (bird) togaÿ short poem kyssa (r) short-sighted ?owa kör silently keremara slab plita short-sightedness ?owalyk silk ÿüpek slacken haÿallamak silk production ÿüpekçilik slake gandyrmak Turkmen/English Dictionary 111 slander ?yltak, töhmet, ÿöñkemek, smoke (give off some people käbiri ?ugullamak, ?yltak etmek, töhmet smoke) tüsselemek somehow (or other) telli-pelli atmak, ÿamanlamak smoker çilimke? someone else's keseki, kese slanderer töhmetçi smooth tekiz, ÿylmanak, somersault a?yr slanderous töhmetçilikli sypalamak, tekizlemek something new özgeri? slant gy?armak smooth out ÿuwmarlamak sometimes aram-aram, çendan, slanting çasy, gyÿa smooth woolen cloth mawut kämahal, käte, käwagt, hernä slap in the face ?apbat smoothness tekizlik somewhat birhili, hili-bir hili slaughter gyrgynçylyk, öl?ük, snake ÿylan son ogul gyrkmak snake scales gow son-in-law giew slaughterer gyrkymçy snap ?yrkyldy, ?yrkyldamak song aÿdym Slavic slawÿan(r) snap at jabjynmak soon basym, hasyr-husur, hyrra, sled sani(r) snap one's fingers pitikilemek ?agga sledgehammer ÿekedaban snare duzak, hepbik soot düÿt, gurum sleep uky, ÿatmak, uklamak snatch penjelemek soothe haÿ-kü? etmek, höre-kö?e sleepless bimaza snatch away towsa götermek etmek sleepyhead ukuçyl sneak bukdaklamak sore pe?ehorda sleeve ÿeñ sneeze asgyrmak sorrel çypar slender syratly, ÿuka snicker hikirdi, hikirdemek sorrow gussa, ökünç slice dilim, dilik, dilmek, snivel yzlamak sorrowful gynançly, tukat, syhalamak snobbiness ulumsylyk rehimdar, rehimli slide taÿmak, typmak snobby ulumsy sort sort(r), sortlamak slide down tyrpma snore hor çekmek, hor çekmek, sought-after geçginli sliding box çeker horlamak soul ÿürek, göwün, ruh slight sähelçe snort horlamak soulless rehimsiz slightly sähel snout tum?uk sound owaz, ses, üÿn, ?agyrdy slim syratly snow gar sounds ses-üÿn slime batga snow leopard bars(r) soup çorba slip taÿmak, typmak snowstorm boran sour tur?y slip off tyrpma snowy garly source çe?me, gözba?, pru£in(r), slippery taÿga, taÿgançak, so beÿle, ?unça, ?eÿle, ?umlukda, çe?me sürçek ?eÿlelik bilen, ?eÿlelikde south günorta slit y?, dilik etmek so many ?onça, ?unça southern günorta slogan ?ygar so much geregiçe, ?onça, ?unça southpaw çepbekeÿ slope eññit, ÿapba?ak, ÿapgyt, so then onsoñ souvenir ÿadygärlik eña?ak soak ezmek, çümürmek, sowing eki? sloppy sowuk-sala, gümürtik, suwjarmak space seleñ sölpi soaked myjjykñ spacious böw?eñ, giñi?, giñ slops ÿuwundy soap sabyn span bat slouch telkermek soar gaÿmak, pasyrdamak spangle uçgun, jäjek slovenly hapysa sob horkuldamak, ?umjarmak Spanish ispan slow haÿal, ÿuwa? sober añly, sersag spare tyg?ytlamak slow down haÿallatmak, tesmek sobriety sersaglyk sparkle uçgun, ÿyldyramak, slowly haÿal, ÿuwa? sociable alçak lowurdamak slowness äwmezlik, haÿallyk social sosial(r) sparkling ÿalpyldawuk sluggish çaman social conscience jemgyÿetçilik sparkly ÿyldyrawuk slush lüÿk, laÿ socialism sosialism(r) sparrow serçe, serçi sly mekir socialistic sosialstik(r) sparse ÿuwan small kiçi, çülpe, külke, maÿda, society jemgyÿet speak gürlemek, geplemek, u?ak, ÿüzleÿ, iri, irlemek, ownuk, socks jorap geplemek, sözlemek ÿalpak soft tultuk, ÿum?ak, myssyk speak directly gönülmek small boned ejiz soft food siññitli speak highly taryp etmek small book kitapça soft milk product like speak hoarsely hy££yldamak small circle kru£ok(r) yoghurt gatyk speak in Russian rusçalamak small drop damdyk soften ÿum?amak special ÿörite, ÿörite small hammer çapgy softness ÿum?aklyk specialist spesalist(r) small movement gymyldy soil kirletmek specialize in ÿöriteles?dirmek small pox mama solder galaÿylamak specific aÿratyn, udel(r), has, small sheep tokly soldier esger, soldat(r) konkret(r) small shovel kebze soldierhood soldatlyk specificity aÿratynlyk small stack petde sole bitewi specify takyklamak smart akylly sole (of foot) daban (r) smash kül-peekun etmek, specimen ekzemplÿar , nusga sole of a shoe oltañ spectacle toma?a mynjyratmak solid durnukly, pugta, çydamly smear çalmak, çyr?amak spectacles äÿnek solidarity raÿda?lyk spectator toma?açy smell ys, ysgamak, (to smell solidly ersmek strongly) goñursamak spectile spektakl(r) solitary ÿekemen speech çyky? smile ÿylgyrys, ÿyr?armak, solution çözü?, ergin ÿylgyrmak speed çaltlandyrmak, tizlik, ÿöri? some berentak, birnäçe, käbir, speed along dazlamak smoke tüsse, tütemek käbiri, pylan, telim Turkmen/English Dictionary 112 speed up tizle?dirmek, sprinkle pürkmek, sepmek start geçmek, döretmek, ÿygjamlatmak sprout ?itil tisginmek spell out konkretle?dirmek(r) spur debsilmek startle geñirgendirmek spelling orfografiÿa(r) spurt zogdyrylmak startled geñirgenmek spend harajat etmek, harçlamak, sputter jazyrdamak state ?tat(r) ÿitirmek sputtering jazyrdy state farm sowhoz(r) spend money sowmak spy içaly, y?yklamak, jyklamak stateroom kaÿuta (r) sphere ?ar(r), togalak square kwadrat station punkt(r), stansiÿa(r), spherical togalak squash kädi, itni?ik (r) squat çommalmak wokzal spicy ajy statue heÿkel spider leñkewut, möÿ squeak jüÿgüldy, jygyldamak, jygyldy, (of a shoe) jaÿyrdy, (of a statute ustaw(r) spiderweb kerep staunch dözümli (r) shoe) jaÿyrdamak spigot kran squeeze sykmak steadfast çiñe, gy?arnyksyz, spill çöpleme, dökmek squelch ?apyrtdatmak, mizemez spin egirmek, saramak ?orpuldatmak steal ogurlamak spinach ysmanak squinty-eyed çasy stealthy ÿa?yryn spindle ik squirrel belka steam bug, tütemek spine oñurga, geri?, ÿagyrny stab naÿzalamak, pyçaklamak steel polat spinner egriji stab with a dagger sançmak steep dik spinning wheel çarh, perik stability durnuklylyk steering wheel rul(r) spirit ruh, ?äht, göwün, ruh stabilize pugtalandurmak stench porsy spirited göwünly stable at ÿatak, baldak, durnukly step gadam, ädimlemek, ätlemek, spirits tap stack küde, küdelemek ätmek spiritual ruhy stadium stadion(r) step back çekilmek spit gyllyk, çi?, gagyrmak, step(s) basgançak tüÿkürrmek staff sostaw(r), ?tab(r) (r) step- (mother/father) öweÿ spit out gagyrynmak stage estrada , sahna steppe sähra, gyr spit up kül-owram (bolmak), kül- stage manager rezhissÿor(r) stick taÿak, çöp, hasa, u?ak stagger goduklamak, ?epbe?mek, ÿemlemek, (into) spiteful hyrsyz çaÿkanmak, uçmak ÿapy?dyrmak spittle tüÿkülik stagnant ÿata stick into çümdürmek splash pürkmek, ?alpyldy, stain menek, tegmil, kirletmek stick out jaÿtarmak, taÿzarmak ?apyrdy, syçramak, syçratmak, stairs merdiwan stick to ÿapy?mak ?alpyldamak stairway merdiwan stick togehter süzülmek splint ?in(r) stale gaty sticky ?embe?ik splinter gyldyrgan, gyÿçak stalk sümmül stigma tagma split çat, jaÿryk, jaÿrylmak, stall atÿatak, dükan, ÿatak stigmatize tagmalamak ÿarylmak, ?akgalamak stallion aÿgyr, taÿ still dek, entegem, entek, entäk, split open çatlamak stamp ?tamp(r), çap, metbugat, ÿalta, ?indi, heniz, häli spoil zaÿalamak, ajatmak, peçat(r), peçatlamak, stillness ÿaltalyk dymjykmak, haraplamak, (r) sting or bite çakmak zaÿalamak, zaÿalanmak, güpürdemek, ?tamplamak , tarpyldatmak, dürtgüç stink porsy, kokamak üÿtgediji, isrip bolmak stinker añkaw spoil a child sypañ-sermeñ stamped gerbli stamping gürpürdi, patydyr, stir bulamak, gymyldamak, spoiled harap, zaÿa, zaÿalanan gymyldamak spoils of war olja tapyrdy, tarpyldy stand durmak, kuwwatlanmak stir up against öjükdirmek spoken geple?ik stirred bulanmak spool tegek, tigir stand something up jaÿtartmak stand guard garawul durmak stirrup üzeññi spoon çemçe, (Yomud) galam stitch petle(r), tikin, depjemek (r) stand in file hatar durmak sport sport stand in order hatar durmak stitch up petlemek sportsman sportmen(r) stand on end çarpaÿa galmak, stobborness kesirlik spot menek, tegmil, utuk jaÿtarmak stolen talañçylykly spotted fever örgünli stand on someone's feet stomach a?gazan, garyn, mäde spout (of a teapot) jüründik suddenly (?) syçramak stomp dükürdemek, spray dermanlamak, syçratmak, stand out jaÿtarmak, dükürdetmek, tapyrdamak suwlamak, syçramak, tapawutlanmak stone ?änik, da?lamak sepelemek stand up turmak, gobsynmak stony da?ly sprayer suwulçu standard norma(r) stoop egmek spread pollamak, çalmak, standardize kadala?dyrmak stop säginmek, togtamak, çogmak, ?abyrdamak, çyr?amak (r) duruzmak, (bus) duralga spread out çasyrmak, semek, stanza kuplet stopper dyky dü?emek, sermek star ÿagtylgyç, ÿyldyz stopping place dü?elge (r) spread terror möwç almak starch krahmal , pet storage zapas(r) spring bahar, bulak, gözba?, stare çiñerilmek, petretmek, syn store dükan, saklamak pru£in(r), ÿaz, çe?me, etmek, mölerilmek, seretmek (r) stare at jiñkermek storehouse sklad towusmak, ÿazlyk storm gaÿ, gom, tupan spring forth suddenly zomp stare threateningly alarylmak edip çykak stare wide-eyed mölertmek spring up döremek starling sar Turkmen/English Dictionary 113

story erteki, hekaÿa, hekaÿat, stuck in a knot çigmek suitcase çemedan(r) powest(r), kyssa, rowaÿat, student kursant, student(r) sulfur kükürt (floor) etazh(r) studenthood studentlyk sullen çytyk stove plita(r) studies okuw sultriness çog straight göni, zowwam, dogry studio ussahana sultry jokrama, peti? straight toward baka study kabinet(r), okamak sum jem straighten endiganlamak, stuff nalamak, gamla?dyrmak, sum up jemlemek, dikeltmek ÿuwa?amak, dykmak, umumyla?dyrmak straighten oneself dikelmek ÿepbe?dirmek summer tomus straighten out gönelmek stuff oneself doÿmak summer-house dalbar straighten up dograltmak stuffiness peti?lik summon kösemek, çagyrmak straightforward gönümel stuffy kapas, peti? summons powestka(r) strain gypjyndyrmak, tagalla, stumble on büdremek sun gün tagma, süzmek, tijemek, stump töññe sunburn güne?lemek tijenmek stunted gyrymsy Sunday ÿek?enbe strain oneself maÿrylmak stupid akylsyz, gagal, samsyk, sunflower günebakar strained ÿitile?mek akmak, keçje, tünt, tentek sunflower seed çigit straining dyzamak stupidity akmaklyk, akylsyzlyk, sunny güne?li straining spoon kengir keçjelik, ÿeñilkellelik sunrise günüñ dogmagy strange birhili, geñ, del stutter sakynmak sunset günüñ ÿa?magy strap kemer stutterer sakaw sunshine güne?, parlak strategem pirim style fason(r), stil(r), hil, moda(r), superficial ÿüzleÿ stratum topar tip(r) supple maÿyçgak straw sypal (r) supply üpjünetmek subdivision podrazdelenie support arkala?yk, daÿanç, straw colored mele (r) straw saman subject tema , (of a sentence) goldaw, söÿget, tekge, kelle=stupid saman ÿönekme arkadaÿänç, tutmak, ÿagyrniçlik, (r) submit goÿmak goldamak, gollamak strawberries klubnika subordinate tabyn streak çylgym supported arkaly subordination tabynlyk supporter tarapdar, tarapdar, stream akar, akym, syrykmak, subscribe ÿazylmak çüwdürmek ÿaran, söe subscriber abunaçy suppose çaklamak, çenlemek, street köçe subscription abuna, ÿazylysyk (r) osmak, oÿlamak, öÿtmek streetcar tramwaÿ subside rahatlanmak, ünjalmak, supposed hyÿally strength gaÿrat, güÿç, saÿpallamak suprise haÿran kuwwatlylyk, mydar, ysgyn, zarp, substance madda sure hatyrjem, ynamly berklik, hal, kuwwat, mejal, tap substitute täzelenmek surety zamun strengthen bekemek, gatalkmak, subvert maÿyrmak surface ke?bi, üst, ÿüz güÿçlenmek, güÿjemek, subway metro(r), metropoliten(r) surgeon hirurg(r) mäkämlemek, zarplandyrmak (r) stress omzamak subzero minus surgery hirurgik(r) stretch tijemek, tijenmek, success oñ, üstünlik, ?ow surname familiÿa(r) batlandyrmak successful rowaç, sowly, ?owly, surprise geñirgendirmek stretch out süÿnmek, ÿeti?ikli, netijeli surprising geñ süÿndürmek, uzatmak successively uçdantutma, yzly- surround egelenmek strike patlamak, pylçamak, yzynda, yzygideri surroundings da?-töwerek, çakny?mak, urmak successor mirasçy töwerek string ÿüp, düzmek such ?eÿle, zeÿilli, beÿle, ?ekilli surveillance ideg strip çylgym, çykyrynmak suck sokjamak, emmek, sormak survey syn strip off ÿolmak suckle naharlamak suspect ?übhelenmek stripe çyzmyk sudden duÿdansyz, tarpa, tarpa- suspend täsgenmek striped zolakly taÿyn, zaply swaddling clothes gundag strive hysyrdamak, çytala?mak suddenly birden, tapba, zompa swallow ÿuwdunmak, ÿuwutmak, strive to overpass çapy?mak sue sudla?mak garlawaç stroll gezelenç, gezende, gezim, suffer çydamak, horluk çekmek, swamp süÿge?iklik, batga gezelenç etmek, seÿran etmek, horlyk çekmek, jepa çekmek, swampy süÿge?ik sümsünmek, aÿlanjyramak, surnukmak swan güw gezmek, (in open air) ÿelejiräp suffering görgi, hupbat, pis, swarm sülenmek gelmek heläkçilik, horluk sway ykjamak strong daÿaw, gurply, güÿçli, suffering from a swear (curse) söwmek kuwwatly, mäkäm, ykjam, zaply, cough üsgülewukli swear out käemek zor, berk, gaty suffice garbamak, ÿetmek swear word sögünç structure desga sufficient bolelenlik sweat der, hyssyldamak, struggle uru?mak suffix go?ulma derlemek suffocate bogulmak strum tiññirdemek, tiññirdetmek Swede ?wed(r) strut direg sugar gant, ?eker sugar-beet ?eker çinrigi sweep süpürmek, togalanmak, strutting gaÿky sübcelemek, süpürmek, syrmak, stubborn keç, keçjal, kejir, kesir, sugary gantly, süÿji (r) tigirlenmek ketje, höçjet suit kostÿum , geli?mek sweet lezzetli, nabat, süÿji, süÿji, stubborness höçjetlik, keçlik suitable ÿaramly, kemally ?irin, lezzetli stucco plaster suwag Turkmen/English Dictionary 114 sweet tooth süÿjiçil tardiness äwmezlik swell çismek, pakgarmak, target ny?ana pökremek, çi?irmek tart talh swell up gübermek task mesele, wezipe swelling çi? T tassel gotaz swift zaply tassle penje swift attack zarba taste tagam, dadyrmak, datmak swift-footed çus t-shirt maÿka(r) tasty tagamly, ?irin swiftly okgunly table stol(r), tablisa tattered ele?an swiftness çaltlyk (r) tatters ?ylha swim dü?ünmek2, ÿüzmek tablet tabletka tax salmak (r) swimmer ÿüzüji tactic taktika taxi taksi(r) swindler kezzap tahya tahÿa tea çaÿ swing hiññildik, hiññilik, tail guÿruk tea-house çaÿhana sallançak, uçurmak, ykjamak, tailor biçimçi, biçmek, tikinçi tea-lover çaÿke? yralamak, yramak, yranmak, take almak tea-pot kitir yrañ atmak take a bite tam?anmak teach okatmak, öwretmek, swirl burugsamak take a öwretmek switch wyklÿuçatel(r), çybyk responsibility borçlanmak teacher mugallym, halypa, switch off öçürmek take a rest dynç almak okudyjy switch over dönmek take a view of ÿaltaklamak teacher (female) mugallyma take advantage of haÿyrlanmak sycophancy ÿaranjañlyk team komanda(r), kollektiw(r) sycophant ÿaranjañ take aim nysan almak, ny?analamak teapot çäÿnek, çäÿnik syllable bogun tear ütmek, ÿyrtylmak (r) take aim at çenemek symbol simbol take an oath kasam içmek tear off goparmak, sypyrmak, symbol nysan take apart aralamak, sökmek üzmek, üzülmek, ÿyrtmak sympathetic dözümsiz, take away äkitmek tear off a piece dömmek duÿguda? take care of sagdynla?dyrmak, tear pieces tüÿt-müÿt etmek sympathy duÿguda?lyk aÿamak teardrop ÿa?, göz ÿa?, gözÿa? synonym sinonim(r) take for a walk gezdirmek tease güjeñlemek synopsis kospekt(r) take inaccount hasap etmek technical tehniki(r) syntax sintaksis(r) take it! me! technical school tehnikum(r) synthesis sintez(r) take leave of ho?la?mak technician tehnik(r) take off çykyrynmak, çykarmak synthetic sintaktik(r), technique tehnika(r) take offence öÿkelemek (r) synthetika(r) take out çykarmak telegram telegramma system sistema(r) take pains emgemek telegraph telegraf(r), systemize sistemle?dirmek take prisoner tussag etmek telegrafirlemek(r) take refuge halas bolmak telephone jañ etmek, telefon take revenge ar almak etmek take shelter yklamak television telewizion(r) take up arms ÿaraglanmak temperate maÿdal take with a fork ?aramak temperature temperatura(r), taken inaccount hasaplanmak ÿylylyk, gyzgyn tale beÿan, beÿanama tempered taplanmak (r) talent talant , zehin, ukyp tempest tupan talented talantly(r), zehinli, ökde, temporary wagtlaÿyn ukyply temptation sap talisman of camel hair alaja ten on talk gep, gürrüñ, gep-gürrüñ, ten (noun) onluk geple?mek, my?-my?, ?iwe, ten days ongunlyk madyrdamak, ÿamanlamak ten years onÿyllyk talk back sana?mak tender näzik, ynjyk talk into göwnetmek tender-hearted ÿuka ÿürek talkative lakgy, geplem?ek tending ideg tall belent, uzyn, ÿokary tennis tennis(r) tally hasap, hasap tense dartgynly tally up hasamak, hasaplamak tent çadyr, palatka(r), çatma tame ekdi, eldek tenth onunjy tan eÿlemek (r) tangerine mandarin tenure stazh tangle ÿumak term adalga, termin(r) tangled hair ime?mek term of office möhlet tank bak, tank(r) terminal polÿus(r) tantalize güjeñlemek terminator istrebitel tap bulak, kran(r) terminology terminologiÿa(r) tape recorder magnitofon(r) termite tagtabiti taper çürelmek terrible elhenç tar garaÿag, tar, ?epbik territory territoriÿa(r) Turkmen/English Dictionary 115 terror wehim thread düzmek, ötürmek, sapak toes daraklyk terrorism terrorizm(r) thread a needle sapmak together bile, bilelikde, birlikde, test synag, kösenmek, synamak threat haÿbat ?ärikli tether dañy threaten çenemek toil emgenmek text tekst(r) three üç, üçlük toilet hajathana (r) threshing döwek token £eton(r) thank you sag bol, spasiba threshold bosaga that kä, ?ol, ?u tolerance çydamlylyk thriftless bisarpa tolerant çydamly that is to say... ÿagny thrive pajalamak that's why babatdan, ötri tomasauce tomat(r) throat bokyrdak, damak, bogaz (r) thatch sypal throb syzlamak, tyrkyldamak, tomato pomidor thaw eremek tyrkyldatmak, bükgüldemek tomb gubur, gör the back end ÿeñçe throb,beat sorkuldmak tome tom(r) theater (film) kinoteatr(r) throng üÿ?meleñ tomorrow ertir theatre teatr through zowwam ton tonna(r) theft ogrulyk, ogurlyk, talañ, through and through parran tone äheñ, üÿn, jyññyrdy talañçylyk throughout parran, bütin tongs äti?gir, gysgyç thematic tematic(r) throw atmak, keseklemek, tongue-twister ÿañyltmaç theme tema(r) zyñmak too hem, #NAME? then onda, hany, ?eÿlelik bilen, throw stones at da?lamak too much a?a ?eÿlelikde, soñ throw up gusmak tool abzal, esbap, gural throw with force ta?lamak theorem teorema(r) tooth di? thrown ta?landy (r) top çür depesi, depe, ÿokarky, theoretic teoretiki thrust çümmek üst theory teoriÿa(r) thump gürsüldemek torch panys therapeutic terapewtik(r) thunder gürrüldemek, torment çekelemek, heläklemek, therapist terapewt(r) taññyrdamak, gübürdemek, azap, heläkçilik, horluk, emgek there beÿläk, hanha, holha, gümmürdemek torn ele?an, ÿyrtyk honha Thursday pen?enbe torso göwre, korpus(r) therefore ötri, çünki thus ?eÿlelik bilen, ?umlukda torture görgülik, güzap, azap, (r) thermometer termometr(r) ticket bilet çekelemek, görgi, heläklemek tickle gyjyk, gyjyklamak toss oklamak, urunmak, thermos termos(r) tidy up ÿygna?dyrmak keseklemek thesis eser tie arabaglan?yk, aragatna?yk, total jem they olar dañy, bogmak, danmak, total darkness hüÿt-garañky thick çi?ik, galyñ, gür, küti, syk, dañmak, örklemek, köjemek, totally tutu?laÿyn ÿygy, goÿry, goÿy, ÿogyn saramak totally halys, tutu?lagyna thick-headed körzehin tie an animal's four legs touch degmek, ellemek thicken galñamak, goÿalamk together) güÿlmek touch up y?yklandyrmak thicket lödere tie together çitmek, çatmak touchy öÿkelek thickness galyñlyk, goÿulyk, tie up (specifically güÿlmek tough gaÿym kütülik, töp tie with a belt gu?amak toungue dil thief ogry, ogry tiger gaplañ (r) thieve ogramak tour gastrol tight gysby thigh but tourist turist(r) tighten büzmek thimble oÿmak, ÿüwse touristic turistic till sürmek thin hor, hor, igli, inçe, suwuk, (r) tillage sürüm, ?üdügär tournament tunir ÿuka, inçesagt time zaman, gezek, esse, halat, tousle saÿmak thin out ÿekelemek mahal, möwrit, pursat, wagt, tow tartmak, çekmek (r) thin rug palas ÿola, çen, döwür, gaÿta towel polotenste(r) thing zat time-sheet tabel(r) tower wy?ka(r) things go?, zatlar timeless ölmez-ÿitmez toy oÿnawaç, oÿunjak, gurjak think pikir etmek, öÿtmek, times öwre trace yzarlamak, yz pikirlenmek, saÿmak timid tez, ürkek, gorkak, ÿygra (r) think hard öl?ermek track rels timidity gorka, ÿygralyk think out tapmak track down yzarlamak tin galaÿy think upon ikirjinlemek tractor traktor(r) tingle ( jüm?üldemek thinness ÿukalyk tractor driver traktorçy(r) tingling jüm?üldi third üçünji trade hünär, senet, söwda tiny çülpe, ujypsyz thirst te?nelik (r) tiny fishbones gylçyk trade union profsoÿuz thirsty te?ne trader söwdagar tire ?in(r), ejizlemek, ÿadamak, thirtieth otuzynjy tradition dessur, däp, däp- ysgynsyzlanmak, ÿaltanmak thirty otuz dessur, ÿörelge tire out ÿadatmak this bu, ?u traffic gatnaw tired argyn, ÿadaw this side of bäri (r) tireless ÿadawsyz tragedy tragediÿa thistle garamandalak (r) thorn tiken tissue paper sorguç tragic tragiki thorny tikenli title sözba?y, adalga train türgenle?mek, otly, thoroughfare magistral toady ÿaranjañ çemelenmek thought pikir, añ, oÿ tobacco temmäki train a horse seÿislemek thousand müñ toe barmak trained türgen Turkmen/English Dictionary 116

trainer trener(r) trough ahyr tweak çirtmek, çümmüklemek training türgenle?ik trouser-leg gonç twentieth ÿigriminji trait çyzyk truancy progul twenty ÿigrimi traitor dönük, haÿyn, içaly truck gruzovik(r), ÿuk ma?ina twig pudak tramp ykmanda true çyn, dogrudan, dogry, twigs ot- çöp tramping tapyrdy wepaly, idili twin ekiz trample basgalamak, depelemek, truly dogrusy twinkle ÿylpyldamak depgilemek, paÿdyrmak, trump ?ifirlemek(r) twinkling lampa tarpyldatmak (r) twirl pyrlamak, tirlemek, trunk göwre, hortum, korpus , tirlendirmek trampling tarpyldy (of a tree) nil tranquility imisalalyk twist burmak, pyrlamak, tirlemek, trust ynanmak tirlendirmek, towlanmak, transfix çümmek trustee hossar, hossar transformation ÿüzlenme bükdürmek, towlamak, trusteeship hossarlyk ÿygyrmak, çyrpynmak transgress ätlemek trusting ynanjañ transition geçis twist oneself pyrlanmak truth hakykat, wepa, ynsap twisted towly transitory göçme try çytala?mak, dyrja?mak, translation perewod(r), terjime two go?a, iki janykmak, synanmak, synanmak two-faced ikiÿüzli translator terjimeçi try on deñemek (r) two-sided apbasy, ikiÿanlaÿyn transplantation peresadka try out kösenmek two-year ikiÿyllyk transport ulag, çüwek tubby person gipdenek Tyg ÿarasy biter tyg (r) (r) (r) transportation transport tube trubka , truba type ?rift(r), tip(r) trap gapan tuck up çyzgmak, çermemek type of illness inçekesel trash zibil, hapa Tuesday si?enbe type of melon zamça travel syÿahat etmek tuft çogdan type of tree sazak traveller syÿahatçy tug dartmak typesetter ÿygyjy travels syÿahat tulip çigildem typhys garahassalyk, örgünli treachery dönüklik, ähtiÿalanlyk tulle tÿul(r) (r) (r) treason haÿynlyk typical tipik , tipleÿin tumor berç, çi? (r) treasure hazyna tun çelek typist ma?inistka tyrannical zalym treasury hazyna tundra tundra(r) treat bejermek, hödür etmek, tyranny zalymlyk, zulum, eden- tune heñ, heñ, üÿn etdilik hödürlemek, sagdynla?dyrmak (r) treatment bejergi tunnel tonnel tyrant zalym treaty wadala?yk turban selle tree bag Turk türk tremble digden eklemek, turkey indÿuk(r) endiremek, gag?amak, Turkish türki galdyramak, müñküldemek, Turkmen türkmen sandyramak, tibirdemek, Turkmeness türkmençilik titremek, titrewuk, zagyrdamak turn nobat, öwrüm, aÿlamak, trembling sandyrawuk hozanaklamak, sowulmak, tremendous mähnet towlamak, dolamak, tow, ÿöneli?, tremors galpyldy aÿlanmak, towlanmak, dönmek, trend ugur gezek, (a corner) gorsamak, (in tresspass on hyÿanat etmek a game) göç tresspassing hyÿanatçylyk turn brown goñralmak tresspassor hyÿanatçy turn down a light öçürmek trial synag turn for ÿönelmek triangle üçburçluk turn for the worse erbetlemek tribe asyl, taÿpa, tire turn gray çalarmak tribune tribuna(r) turn inside out çöwrülmek tribute salgyt turn off a light söndürmek trick pirim turn oneself over öwrülmek trickery ?eÿtanlyk turn out ogu?ÿa trifling ownukçyl turn over dörü?dirmek, trinket ?aÿylyk dündermek, çöwrülmek (r) turn something öwürmek trip syÿahat, syÿahat, reÿs turn sour müzzermek, tur?amak tripod kössek turn to ÿüz tutmak, ÿüzlenmek tritel lenç bolmak turn up çermemek, çyzgmak trolley trolleÿbus(r) turn upside-down agdar-duñder trophies olja etmek, dünderilmek tropic ÿoda turn-coat dönük tropical ÿoda turnip ?algam trot selpemek, gezer turnpike ?osse(r) trouble azar, bozgaklyk, hyllalla, (r) ünji, hasrat turret wy?ka trouble-maker bozgak turtle py?baga, py?dyl troubled aladaly, gowgaly, läbik tutor terbiÿeçi troubles hysyrdy, agyry, alada tuyduk tüÿdük Turkmen/English Dictionary 117

unhealthy näho?, näsag untrue biwepa uniform endigan, forma(r) untruthful galat uniformly unused bo? distributed birsydyrgyn unusual del, seÿrek U uninformative dereksiz unwaivering mizemez unintentionally nalaç unweildy gaba uninterrupted üznüksiz unworthy nälaÿyk udder emjek union birle?ik, soÿuz upbringing terbiÿe, terbiÿeleÿi? ugliness ?umroÿluk unique aÿra upkeep saklaÿy?, mazmun ugly bedroÿ, betgel?ik, betnysan, unison jebislik, baglany?yk upon the cross atanaklaÿyn edrenç, ?umroÿ unit birlik upper ÿokarky Uighur (nationality) uÿgur unite birikmek, birle?dirmek, upper part üst Ukranian ukrain(r) utga?mak uprising gozgalañ ulcer pe?ehorda united baglany?ykly, baglaÿjy, urge haÿdatmak unanswerable jogapsyz birle?en, utga?yk urgent gaÿragolulmasyz, unavoidability alaçsyzlyk united under God tañrybir gyssagly, möhletli, derwaÿys, unbiased obÿektiw(r) universal bütindünÿa, ynandyryjy unbutton ÿazdyrmak ählumumy, uniwersal(r) urgently gyssag uncertain alasarmyk, aljyraññy, universe älem-jahan urine pe?ew gümana (r) urn around sowmak university uniwersitÿet use peÿda, ulanmak, ÿaratmak, unchanged köneçe unjust ynsapsyz (r) haÿyr uncle daÿy, däde, dÿadÿa , unknowable näbileÿin use up harajat etmek (Balkan dialect) kaka unknowing bilmezlik used up ÿolgalmak unclear dü?nüksiz unknown bilmezden, näbelli, useful peÿdaly uncomfortable amatsyz, bijaÿ, nämälim, nätany?, näbelet useless biderek, peÿdasyz, çemesiz unknown property amanat ÿaramaz unconscionable naÿynsap unlawful kanunsyz usual adaty unconscious beÿhu?, ynsapsyz unleash çözmek, tuta?dyrmak usually köplenç unconsciousness ynsapsyzlyk unleavened bread petir(r) utensils gapgaç unconsidered gümürtik unlimited ymgyr utilize ulanmak uncoordinated dagynyk unlit garañky Uzbek özbek uncultured edepsiz unload bo?atmak unculturedness edepsizlik unloved gadyrsyz undecided ikigöwünli unmotivated dereksiz under köw salmak unmoving dek under duress nalaç unnecessary gereksiz underage kiçi unpleasant mähirsiz undergarments içki-geÿim unpopulated çola undergo synamak unquestionable soragcyz, underground ÿerasty ?übhesiz underline nyglamak unquestionably ?eksiz understand añsyrmak, unreasonable sebäpsiz dü?ünmek1, görmek, añmak unrest oñ?uksyzluk, ünji, understand each ynjalyksyzlyk other dü?üni?mek unrestricted erkana understandable dü?nükli unrestrictedly erkin understudy orunbasary unripe çig undertaking kärhana unruly tertipsiz underwater suwasty unsatisfactory kanagatlanlarlyks undetermined ikigöwünli z undisciplined bidüzgün, tertipsiz unscrupulous naÿynsap undistinguished pes unshakable mizemez unease gozgalañ unsigned golsuz uneasy biynjalyk unskilled emelsiz uneconomical bisarpa unsociable ÿekemen, uneducated çalasowat, jahyl garasöÿmez unemployed i?siz unspoiled syrdambitin unemployment i?sizlik unspoken gürrüñsiz uneven ters unsuccessful netijesiz, ÿeti?iksiz unexpected oslagsyz, tarpa unsuitable ÿetmezçilik unfair ynsapsyz unswerving gy?arnyksyz unfairness ynsapsyzlyk untalented zehinsiz unfamiliar näbelet untangle çözlemek unfamiliarity näbeletçilik, untie çözmek näbeletlik until çenli, deñeç, tä unfasten ÿazdyrmak until now heniz unfavorable oñaÿsyz until one dies ölinça unfortunate person görgüli until satisfied doÿa unfortunately gynansamda untilled boz unfounded esassyz untouchable sarsmaz Turkmen/English Dictionary 118

virtue mertebe virus dümew visible görnükli vision görü?, göz V visit görme-görü?, wizit(r) W vista añ-dü?ünje vital derwaÿys vacation kanikul(r), dynç almak vitamin witamin(r) waddle moÿmuldamak vaccine waktsina(r) vodka arak wage war uru?mak vagabond segezdan, ykmanda, voice gyl, ses wagon wagon(r) sergezdan void howaÿy wail jägildemek, wañkyrmak, vague ÿa?yryn volcano wulkan(r) närazyçylyk vain ba?agaÿ, nähak, ?öhratparaz, (r) wailing jägildi volleyball woleÿbol waist bil, gu?aklyk howaÿy (r) valley dere, jülge volume göwrüm, möçber, tom wait gara?mak valour edermenlik voluminous göwrümli wait for someone garaly?mak valuable gymmatly, ?aÿ-sep voluntary meÿletin waiter ofisian(r) vanish gürüm-jürüm bolmak, volunteer meÿletinçi wake someone turuzmak, ÿitirim bolmak, ÿitmek vomit ögemek, pitirdemek, örüzmek vanity ba?agaÿlyk, ?öhratparazlyk gusmak wake up oÿanmak vanity mirror tagan vote saÿlow wakefulness ?öwür vanquish ÿüwürmek, üstün voter saÿlawçy waken turuzmak çykmak vow kasam içmek, äht, ?ert walk sümsünmek, ÿöremek vapidity ÿeñilkellelik vowel çekimli ses walking seÿil vapor dem voyage reÿs(r) wall diwar, haÿat, seññer variant wariant(r) wallow läshermek variety sort(r) walnut grek hozy various gaty?yk, dürli-dürli wander entemek, entreklemek, vary çaly?mak, özgertmek tentemek, gezmek, seÿran vegetable gök önüm etmek vegetable(s) ir-iÿmi? wanderer segezdan vein damar want gereklemek, islemek, (r) islemek, hajat velour welÿur wanting to göwünjeñ velvet welwet(r) war uru?, harby veneer faner(r) warbler (bird) jikjiki vengance kast wardrobe garderob(r), ?kaf(r) vengeance öç warm gyzy?mak, ÿylatmak, maÿyl, venture kärhana mylaÿym, ÿyly, mähirli veranda dalan, eÿwan warm up çoÿmak, ÿylamak, verb i?lik ÿylynmak, maÿlamak verbal harma-harp warm weather maÿyllyk verdict höküm warmth ÿylylyk verse kuplet(r), ?ygyr warn duÿdurmak versed habarly warning duÿdury?, howsala, vertical wertikal(r) trewoga(r) very biçak, iññän, örän, öte, warrant narÿad uçursyz, artykmaç, ägirt, hut, wash ÿuwmak, ÿuwundyrmak ÿaman wash away köwmek very much we?eñ-we?eñ wash oneself ÿuwunmak very well içgin wash with soap sabynlamak vessel gap, bak waste harçlamak, ÿitgi, yrÿa, veteran weteran(r) harçlamak watch synlamak, sagat, sagat veterinary weterinariÿa(r) watch over (lit göz-gulak bolmak vex heläklemek watchful hü?gär, idediji, sak, vexed hyrsyñy di?lemek ideg-sorag via üsti bilen watchman sakçy vibrate yrgyldamak, yrgyldatmak water çaÿlamak, suwarmak, vibration yrgyldy suwarmak, ÿa?armak, suw, suw, vicinity da?-töwerek (r) vicious scheme gabahatçylyk kompot victor ÿeñiji water boiler semawar(r) victory ÿeñi?, bolu? water pipe wodoprowod(r) view nazar water-dispenser kolonka(r) vigilant hü?gär, sak, eserdeñ (r) village oba water-pump kolonka vindicate ödemek waterfall ?aglawuk (r) watering suwarym vinyl record plastinka watermelon garpyz virgin soil tarp watershed saka, taraz Turkmen/English Dictionary 119 waterskin gowa what? näme wine siÿdik, ?erap watery suw, ÿuwan wheat bugdaÿ, bugdaÿ wine-glass bulgur wave bulaÿlamak, salgamak, wheel tigir, çarh, süÿpent, wineskin tulum pasyrdamak, tolkun tigirlemek wing ganat waver tykyramak, ÿygrylmak wheelbarrow galtak wink gypmak wax mum when haçan, näwagt winner ÿeñiji way alyn, tertip-düzgün, usul, where nirede winnings utu? çak, ÿol where? hany, nire winter gy? way back gaÿdy?yn whet taplamak wintering gy?lag way-to-go berekella which? haÿsy, neneñ, neneñsi wintertime gy?yna we biz which number? näçenji wipe süpürmek weak asgyn, gow?ak, gujursyz, while onyança wire sim ejiz whim näz wisdom parasat, paÿhas weaken asgynlamak, gow?amak, whimsical ynjyk wise paÿhasly haÿallamak whine iññildemek, yzlamak, wish arzuw etmek, arzuwlamak, weakness asgynlyk, ysgynsyzlyk yññyldy, izzildemek, yññyldamak dilemek, myrat, arzuw, meÿil wealth baÿlyk whip gamçylamak, saÿgylamak, wish for meÿillenmek, küÿsemek wealthy adyl gamçy wit dilewar weapon ÿarag whip up gunu?mak with bilen, de?irmek wear dakynmak whirl gaÿmalamak, burmak, with an accent çalgyrt wear out könelmek, lejini syramak with caution emaÿ bilen çykarmak, süzülmek, tozmak, whirlpool gipdal with effort zordan tüÿdülmek, köneltmek (by use) whisper py?yrdamak, with pleasure höwesjeñ tozdurmak, tüÿtmek wy?yrdamak, py?yrdy, wy?y-wy?y with spirit göwnejaÿ weariness argynlyk whistle çyrryldamak, jürletmek, with two meanings ikuçly weather howa sygyrmak, sygyrmak, wither çürü?mek, pyssarmak, weave dokamak ?uwwuldamak, ?uwwuldy, çalykmak weaving dokma gygyrmak withered agajet wedding caravan gelinalyjy whistling sykyklyk within içeri wedding gifts atgulak white ak without basis esassyz wedding procession gelnalyjy white-wash aklamak without delay zöwwe wedge pahna, ?inde whiten aklamak without doubt ?eksiz Wednesday çar?enbe whitest ap-ak without end ummasyz weed ha?al whitewash heklemek without hesitation irginsiz week hepde who? kim without permission bidin, week-long hepdeleÿin whole bitin, bütin ygtyÿarsyz, jogapsyz weekly hepdelik wholeness aman withstand çydamak weep aglamak, eñremek wholesale lomaÿ söwda, lomaÿ, witness ?aÿat weeping agy lomaÿlygyna witty dilewar weft (carpet-making wholly tutu? wizard jadygöÿ term) argaç whooping cough götsbogma wobble goduklamak weigh semek why näme üçin wolf böri, möjek, gurt weight agram, agyrlyk wick pelte wolfish böri weighten agralmak wicked ?um woman heleÿ, aÿal weighty uly wide giñ, ÿogyn, giñi? woman's jacket kofta(r) weird syrly, geñ widow dul aÿal wonder añalmak weld seplemek widower dul wonderful ajaÿyp, allanäme, welder keb?irleÿli width giñlik täsin well bakaly, guÿy, ho?, ho?, wife aÿal, heleÿ, ma?gala wood odun, tokaÿ ?eÿlelikde, ÿeri, gowy, gurgun, wife and husband ma?gala wooded place tokaÿlyk ÿa, düzüwli, ?umlukda wife's brother baja wooden hammer tokmak well done tüweleme wiggle çyrpynmak woodpecker da?de?en well lit ÿagty wild hyrawa, ÿabany woof argaç well thought out oÿlany?ykly wild dove gögerçin wool ÿüñ well-being abadançylyk, e?ret, wilderness jeññel word söz eÿgilik, oñluk, rähnet wilfullness özba?yña wordless gürrüñsiz well-bred edepli, terbiÿeli will (testament) wesÿetnama work i?lemek, i?lemek, i?, i? well-deserved rowa will you la work hard emgenmek well-dressed bezemen, geÿnüwli willingly höwesjeñ work out orna?mak well-known belli willow söwüt, tal work up owkalamak well-off gurply willy-nilly bialaç worker i?çi, i?çi well-to-do üpjün wilt solmak, myssarmak workshop ussahana west günbatar win utmak, üstün çykmak world dünÿä, älem, jahan, älem- wet ezmek, öllemek, öl, ?alpy- wind çyrpynmak, ?emal, ÿel jahan ?arañ, çygly wind around çyrlamak worldly dünÿewi whale kit(r) wind up keleplemek worm gurt, gurçuk what to do? nätmek winding aÿlawly wormwood kekre what else dagy window aÿna, äpi?ge, penjire worrisome gaÿgyly what kind? nähili window leaf fortoçka(r) worry darykmak, gaÿgy etmek, what sort? nätüÿsli windy ÿelli zowzuldamak, Turkmen/English Dictionary 120

ynjalyksyzlanmak, gaÿgy, tolguny?yk worry someone tolgundyrmak worse beter worsen beterlemek, gaÿralmak, X Y ÿaramazla?mak worship ba? egmek, ba? egme worthless biderek, birehim, X-ray(s) rentgen(r) yard howly, mellek, da? warak yarn ÿüp worthy rowa yawn pallamak, pal worthy (of) mynasyp year ÿyl worthy of blame aÿyp year before last öññil wound kesdirmek, ÿaralamak, year by year ÿylsaÿyn zarbykdyrmak, ÿara yellow sary, mele wounded ÿaraly, pers-ala yellowest sap sary wow bä yellowish saryÿagyz wow! oh! gosh! be yelp çuñsamak wrap dolamak, saramak yes hawa wrap around dañmak yesterday düÿn wrap up çyrmamak, çolamak yesterday's düÿnki wrapper dolag yet entegem, entek, entäk, heniz, wreak havoc möwç almak ?indi wrestle göre?mek yield (cotton) çäç wrestling göre?, sambo yo ähey wretch pahyr, ?ermende yoghurt süzme wrinkle epilmek you sen, (plural or formal) siz wrinkle bürmek, çytmak, gasyn, young körpe, ÿa? ÿygyrmak young and old alike uly-kiçi wrinkled mürçük, mürrük, ÿygyrt, Young Communist komsomol(r) agajet young girl gelin wrist go?ar young people juwan write ÿazmak young/little donkey kürre writer kyssaçy, ÿazyjy younger brother jigi writing ÿazuw, hat younger sister-in-law baldyz written work eser your way seniñçe, sizingçe wrong bimamla, nädogry, keçje youth juwan, juwanlyk, ÿa?lyk, wrong side çöwre ÿigitlik Turkmen/English Dictionary 121 Z

zeal yhlas, höwes zealous yhlasly zero nol(r) zinc sink(r) zone zona(r) zoo haÿwanat bagy zoological zoologik(r) zoology zoologiÿa(r)

Contents of the Appendix

1.0 Brief Introduction to the Turkmen Language 1.1 The Alphabets 1.2 Brief Dicussion of the Alphabets 1.3 Learning the New Alphabet 1.4 Learning the Cyrillic Alphabet 1.5 Vowel Harmony 1.6 Long and Short Vowels 1.7 Vocal Transformations 2.0 The Case System 2.1 Cases of Pronouns 3.0 Verbs 3.1a- Present Comprehensive, long form 3.1b - Present Comprehensive, short form 3.2a - Present Perfect 3.2b - Present Perfect (negative)/Habitual Present (negative) 3.3 - Future Certain 3.4 - Future Indefinite 3.5 - Conditional 3.6 - Past Definite 3.7 - Obligatory Form 3.8 - Imperative Forms 3.9 - Intentional Form 4.0 Relative Clauses 5.0 Cases and their suffixes 5.1 Possessive Suffixes 6.0 The Absolute Posessive 7.0 Nouns in Direct Relation 8.0 Coparatives & Superlatives 9.0 Some Unusual Structures in Turkmen Grammar 10.0 Go?ylmalar 10.1 Passive 10.2 Reflexive 10.3 Reciprocal 10.4 Causitive 11.0 Four Important Modal Verbs: otyr, ÿatyr, dur, ÿör 12.0 Selected Suffixes and Prefixes 12.1 -çy/-çi 12.2 -dar 12.3 -ke? 12.4 -siz/-suz/-syz 12.5 -lik/-lük/-lyk/-luk 12.6 The prefix bi- Turkmen/English Dictionary 122

12.7 -daky/-däki 13.0 Expressing Needs and Desires 14.0 Indicating Possibility: mümkin 15.0 -dygy/ digi 16.0 Double Verbs 16.1 Expressing Ability: -p/-yp/-ip bilmek 16.2 Doing an Action for Someone: -p/-yp/-ip bermek 16.3 Attempted Action: -p/-yp/-ip görmek 16.4 Anticipated Action: -jak/-jek bolmak Turkmen/English Dictionary 123

1.0: Brief Introduction to the Turkmen Language

The Turkmen Language belongs to the greater family of Turkic languages. The Turkic languages, together with the Mongolian and Manchu-Tungus languages, form the Altaic language group. Specifically, Turkmen is included in the sub-group of Southern Turkic languages, along with Turkish and Azeri. Among all the Turkic languages, there are similar grammatical structures, similar phonetics and some shared vocabulary. In some ways Turkmen is an easy language to learn. Unlike Russian or Spanish, Turkmen has no genders. There are no irregular verbs. For the most parts, words are written exactly as they are pronounced. Finally, Turkmen's grammatical case system is remarkably simple once understood, and has almost no exceptions. The greatest difficulty for beginning Turkmen speakers will probably be adapting to Turkmen's elaborate system of grammatical suffixes, or "tag words" and learning to re-order their speech so that the predicate (verb) is the last thing spoken. Also, many simple English grammatical structures (such as "to have", "to need", or "to be able to") are handled differently in Turkmen. Turkmen/English Dictionary 124

1.1 The Alphabets

Täze Elipbi Tkmn Cyrillic English Equivalent Aa Aa a, as in father Ää ‰´ a, as in cat Bb Bb b Çç Hh ch Dd Dd d Ee ?/ e, as in egg Ff Ff f Gg Gg when starting a word, voiced like the English "g" in "go". Within words, voiced like the throaty "g" in "bag" Hh Xx h Ii Ii ee, as in see Jj Ú… j Kk Kk k Ll Ll l Mm Mm m Nn Nn n Oo Oo o, as in go Öö Øø oo, as in good (approximately) Pp Pp p Rr Rr r, pronounced with a trill, as in Russian or Spanish Ss Ss s Tt Tt t Uu Uu u, as in flute Üü Á¥ like u, but pronounced with rounded lips and higher in the throat Ww Vv w (in Russian words, as v) Yy Yy i, as in sit Ÿÿ Jj y, as in yes Zz Zz z Ññ ?§ ng, as in song £¡ "' zh, as in pleasure (only found in Russian words) ? Ww sh, as in wash ?? }] sch, as in fresh cheese (only found in Russian words) (ÿe) Ee ye, as in yes (ÿo) |\ yo, as in yo-yo (ÿa) Qq ya, as in yacht (ts) Cc ts, as in hats Turkmen/English Dictionary 125

1.2 Brief Dicussion of the Alphabets The Turkmen alphabet was first written in Arabic, until about 1930, when a Latin script was introducted. The Latin script was replaced in 1940 when all Turkic people in the Soviet Union were required to adopt the Cyrillic script. Finally, in 1995, the "Täze Elipbiÿi" or New Alphabet, was formally introduced by the President to re-align Turkmenistan with the non-Soviet world. (Similar new alphabets have been introduced in Uzbekiztan and other republics.) The New Alphabet is currently used for street signs and political slogans, but there is a severe deficit of other reading materials. Almost all Turkmen books in print use the Cyrillic alphabet, and despite the national-wide trainings that have taken place, and televised instructional programs, the New Alphabet has yet to gain popular acceptance.

1.3 Learning the New Alphabet The new alphabet is much easier for native English speakers to read and understand than is the Cyrillic, and also seems better suited to the Turkmen language. For this reason we have used it in the grammar discussions of this text. Most all letters are pronounced more or less like their English counterparts. The unusual letters are as follows:

New Turkmen English Equivalent Aa always the long a, as in "f ather" Ää always the short a, as in "cat" Çç ch, as in "cheese" Gg when starting a word, voiced like the English "g" in "go". Within words, voiced like the throaty "g" in "bag" Ii ee, as in see Oo always the long o, as in g o Öö oo, as in good but rounder Rr r, pronounced with a slight trill Uu always the long u, as in fl ute Üü like u, but pronounced with rounded lips and higher in the throat Ww w, as in "water" (in Russian words, v, as in "very") Yy i, as in sit Ÿÿ y, as in yes Ññ ng, as in song £¡ zh, as in pleasure (only found in Russian words) ? sh, as in wash Turkmen/English Dictionary 126

1.4 Learning the Cyrillic Alphabet The Cyrillic Alphabet is a little disorienting at first, since many of the letters seem like English counterparts, but they're actually not. The Cyrillic alphabet is also not ideally suited to Turkmen, and as a solution to this, several distinctly Turkic characters are present in the Turkmen Cyrillic alphabet that not present in Russian Cyrillic. Also, several Russian Cyrillic characters are only found in words taken from Russian. Five characters look and sound approximately like their English counterparts. These are: Cyrillic English Aa long a, as in "father" Kk k Mm m Oo long o, as in "go" Tt t

The following eight characters might look like English letters, but unfortunately they're different.

Cyrillic English Vv w, as in "water" (in Russian words, as v, as in "very") Ss s, as in "see" Ee at the beginning of a word, ye, as in yes (with the "y") In the middle or at the end of the word, usually as e, as in "egg" Nn n, as in "no" Rr r, pronounced with a trill, as in Spanish Xx h, as in "hot", but throatier Uu long u, as in "flute" Á¥ like u, but pronounced with rounded lips and higher in the throat Turkmen/English Dictionary 127

The following 22 characters look unlike anything in seen in written English, though some bear striking resemblance to kindergarten experiments:

‰´ short a, as in "cat" Bb b, as in "ball" Hh ch, as in "cheese" Dd d, as in "dog" ?/ e, as in "egg" (almost exclusively used at the beginning of words) Ff f, as in "fire" Gg when starting a word, voiced like the English "g" in "go". Within words, voiced like the throaty "g" in "bag" Ii ee, as in "see" Ú… j, as in "jump" Ll l, as in "lye" Øø oo, as in good, but rounder (approximately) Pp p, as in "pi" Yy i, as in "sit" Jj y, as in "yes" Zz z, as in "zoo" ?§ ng, as in "song" "' zh, as in "pleasure" (only found in Russian words) Ww sh, as in "wash" }] shch, as in "fresh cheese" (only found in Russian words) |\ yo, as in "yo-yo" Qq ya, as in "yacht" Cc ts, as in "hats"

1.5 Vowel Harmony One very interesting feature of Turkmen is that all vowels can be divided into two groups, the front vowels ( inçe çekimli sesler) and the back vowels (ÿogyn çekimli sesler). Front vowels are pronounced higher in the throat and are more nasal, while back vowels are pronounced lower in the throat and are more guttural. The front vowels are ä, e, i, ö, and ü. The back vowels are a, y, o, and u. The "harmony" lies in the fact that all Turkmen words of Turkic origin are pronounced either entirely with front vowels, like kädi (pumpkin) or köwü? (shoes), or with back vowels, like doganlyk (brotherhood) or mugallym (teacher). Grammatical and verb suffixes also follow vowel harmony, being divided into two groups for front-vowel words and back-vowel words. For example, the front-vowel plural suffix -ler would be added to kädi to form the word for "pumpkins," whereas the back-vowel plural suffix -lar would be added to mugallym to produce "teachers." In short, front vowels go with front vowels and back vowels with back. Subsequent Turkmen/English Dictionary 128 suffix appendices will more completely explain applications of this rule. Turkmen has many Russian words, such as telewizor (television) and radio (radio), that have simply been incorporated into the language. These are spelled exactly according to the original Russian and often have both front and back vowels within one word. Such is true for the numerous Turkmen words of Persian and Arabic origin, such as kitap (book), dükan (shop), and serdar (leader). In these cases, consistent with the general rule for vowel harmony in Turkmen, the final vowel of the word determines the vowel harmony for suffixation. Verbs in Turkmen adhere consistently to vowel harmony. All verbs belong to one of two groups determined by their infinitive forms: those ending in -mak, and those ending in -mek. The suffixes for all -mak verbs have only back vowels, whereas only front vowels will be found in the suffixes of -mek verbs. Examples of this will follow in the explanations of verb tenses.

1.6 Long and Short Vowels Another interesting feature of Turkmen is the use of long and short vowels. Short vowels are like those in English, like the a in "bar." Long vowels simply require pronouncing short vowels for the duration of two vowels. Often this difference in duration is all that distinguishes the meanings of two words, as in the pairs below: SHORT LONG at horse at name gyz get excited! (imperative) gyz girl bil know! (imperative) bil waist ot grass ot fire öç extinguish! (imperative) öç revenge gurt curd, dry cheese gurt wolf, worm dü? come down! (imperative) düÿ? dream Turkmen/English Dictionary 129

1.7 Vocal Transformations Certain consonat combinations are rendered differently in spoken Turkmen than their written forms would indicate. For example, the nd of mende (on my person) is pronounced "nn" when spoken (menne). The following chart will illustrate these combinations and examples with the spoken transformations rendered in the new alphabet. Written Spoken Written Spoken Translation______n + d nn sende senne on your person l + d ll aldym allym I took z + d zz agyzda agyzza in the mouth s + d ss bäsde? bäsde? rival s + t ss üsti üssi top, surface ? + j ?? go?jak go??ak will add z + s ss ÿazsyn ÿassyn let him write t + s ss gitse gisse if she goes t + ç çç parahatçylyk parahaççylyk peace ç + s ?s açsa a?sa if it opens ç + l ?l açlyk a?lyk hunger, famine ç + d ?d geçdik ge?dik we passed ç + j ?? içjek i??ek will drink g + b gw bagban bagwan gardener

2.0 The Case System Like Russian or German, Turkic languages have a system of grammatical cases. Cases are defined by changes that occur to a word when it is placed in different grammatical context. English has cases for personal prounouns. For example: "I see him", "He sees me". Not: "Me sees he", "Him sees I". Turkmen, however, has six cases, and these cases are used for all words, not just personal prounouns. The six Turkmen cases are: the nominative, used for the subject of the sentence; the possessive, similar to English possessives; the dative, used to show directed action; the accusative, which is similar to the English "direct object"; the time/place, which shows locality; and the instrumental, which is used to show origin. While six cases might seem a bit overwhelming at first, it should be noted that the case suffixes simply replace our English prepositions such as "from," "at," "with," "in," "on," and "to". Also, the rules for their use are remarkably simple and inflexible, unlike those of the Russian cases. Turkmen/English Dictionary 130

2.1 Cases of Pronouns These follow fairly straightforwardly from the regular c ase endings. The only unusual exceptions being the mutation of ol to on in all cases, and the dative pronouns maña, saña, and oña.

Nomnative men sen ol biz siz olar I you he, she, we you they (singular it (plural informal) or formal) Poss. meniñ seniñ onyñ biziñ siziñ olaryñ my your his, her, our your their its

Dative maña saña oña bize size olara ˜to me ˜to you ˜to him, ˜to us ˜to you ˜to them her, it

Accus. meni seni ony bizi sizi olary ˜ me ˜ you ˜ him, ˜ us ˜ you ˜ them her, it

T/Place mende sende onda bizde sizde olarda ˜ upon me ˜ upon ˜ upon ˜ upon us ˜ upon ˜ upon you him, her, you them it

Instrum. menden senden ondan bizden sizden olardan ˜ from me ˜ from ˜ from ˜ from us ˜ from ˜ from you him, her, you them it Turkmen/English Dictionary 131

3.0 Verbs Like English, Turkmen has a great variety of verb tenses. Verbs in Turkmen are conjugated in plural and singular for first, second, and third persons. As in Romance languages and Russian, the subject of a sentence is often not spoken if it is obvious. Following is a selection of verb tenses and forms. All verbs are conjugated on the model of ÿazmak, to write.

3.1a- Present Comprehensive, long form

Translates to the English Present Simple or Present Progressive

Verb Form Translation Form w/ MAK verbs MEK verbs Men ÿazÿaryn I write/I am writing. stem +(ÿar)yn +(ÿär)in Sen ÿazÿarysyñ You write/You are writing. stem +(ÿar)syñ +(ÿär)siñ Ol ÿazÿar He writes/He is writing. stem +(ÿar) +(ÿär) Biz ÿazÿarys We write/We are writing stem +(ÿar)ys +(ÿär)is Siz ÿazÿarsyñyz You write/You are writing. stem +(ÿar)syñyz +(ÿär)siñiz Olar ÿazÿarlar They write/They are writing. stem +(ÿar)lar +(ÿär)ler

To form the negative, add -ma or -me after the stem: Men ÿazmaÿaryn = I am not writing. I don't write. Men iÿmeÿärin = I am not eating. I don't eat.

3.1b - Present Comprehensive, short form

Translates to the English Present Simple or Present Progressive

Verb Form Translation Form w/ MAK verbs MEK verbs Men ÿazÿan I write/I am writing. stem +ÿan +ÿän Sen ÿazÿañ You write/You are writing. stem +ÿañ +ÿäñ Ol ÿazÿar He writes/He is writing. stem +ÿar +ÿär Biz ÿazÿas We write/We are writing. stem +ÿas +ÿäs Siz ÿazÿañyz You write/You are writing. stem +ÿañyz +ÿäñiz Olar ÿazÿarlar They write/They are writing. stem +ÿarlar +ÿärler

To form the negative, add -ma or -me after the stem: Men ÿazmaÿan = I am not writing. I don't write. Men içmeÿän = I am not drinking. I don't drink. Turkmen/English Dictionary 132

3.2a - Present Perfect

Translates to the English Present Perfect.

Verb Form Translation Form w/ MAK verbs MEK verbs Men ÿazypdyrym I have written. stem +(yp)dyrym (ip)dirim Sen ÿazypsyñ You have written. stem +(yp)syñ (ip)siñ Ol ÿazypdyr He/she has written. stem +(yp)dyr (ip)dir Biz ÿazypdyrys We have written. stem +(ypdyrys (ip)diris Siz ÿazypsyñyz You have written. stem +(yp)syñyz (ip)siñiz Olar ÿazypdyrlar They have written. stem +(yp)dyrlar (ip)dirler

To form the negative, insert - man or -män in place of the -yp or -ip after the stem in the above endings: Ol ÿazmandyr = He/she has not written. Olar gelmänderler = They have not come.

3.2b - Present Perfect (neg.)/Habitual Present (neg.)

Translates to the negative English Present Perfect (or to a negative form of a "Habitual Present Tense")*, as such:

Verb Form Translation Form w/ MAK verbs MEK verbs Men ÿazamok I have not written. stem +(a)mok +(e)mok Sen ÿazañok You haven't written. stem +(a)ñok +(e)ñok Ol ÿazanok He hasn't written. stem +(a)nok +(e)nok Biz ÿazamzok We haven't written. stem +(a)mzok +(e)mzok Siz ÿazañzok You haven't written. stem +(a)ñzok +(e)ñzok Olar ÿazanoklar They haven't written. stem +(a)noklar +(e)noklar

*These forms can also indicate that a certain activity is generally not performed by the speaker: Men ÿazamok = I don't write. (as a habit) Men çilim çekemok = I don't smoke. (as a habit)

3.3 - Future Certain

Translates to the English Future Simple with the tone of certainty.

Verb Form Translation Form w/ MAK verbs MEK verbs Men ÿazjak I will write. stem +jak +jek Sen ÿazjak You will write. stem +jak +jek Ol ÿazjak He will write. stem +jak +jek Biz ÿazjak We will write. stem +jak +jek Siz ÿazjak You will write. stem +jak +jek Olar ÿazjak They will write. stem +jak +jek

To form the negative, add -däl after the verb: Men ÿazjak däl = I will not write. Men gitjek däl = I will not go. Turkmen/English Dictionary 133

3.4 - Future Indefinite

Translates to English Future Simple with a tone of probability.

Verb Form Translation Form w/ MAK verbs MEK verbs Men ÿazaryn I (probably) will write. stem +(ar)yn +(er)in Sen ÿazarsyñ You (probably) will write. stem +(ar)syñ +(er)siñ Ol ÿazar He (probably) will write. stem +(ar) +(er) Biz ÿazarys We (probably) will write. stem +(ar)ys +(er)is Siz ÿazarsyñyz You (probably) will write. stem +(ar)syñyz +(er)siñiz Olar ÿazarlar They (probably) will write. stem +(ar)lar +(er)ler

To negate, add -m after the stem, except in the third person, where -maz is used. Men ÿazmaryn = I (probably) won't write. Ol ÿazmaz = He (probably) won't write. Men gitmerin = I (probably) won't go. Olar gitmezler = They (probably) won't go.

3.5 - Conditional

Expresses hypothetical situations, used like the English "if". Usually followed by a statement in the Future Indefinite tense.

Verb Form Translation Form w/ MAK verbs MEK verbs Men ÿazsam If I write... stem +(sa)m +(se)m Sen ÿazsañ If you write... stem +(sa)ñ +(se)ñ Ol ÿazsa If he writes... stem +(sa) +(se) Biz ÿazsak If we write... stem +(sa)k +(se)k Siz ÿazsañyz If you write... stem +(sa)ñyz +(se)ñiz Olar ÿazsalar If they write... stem +(sa)lar +(se)ler

To form the negative, add -ma or -me after the verb stem. Men ÿazmasam = If I do not write... Men gitmesem = If I do not go.

3.6 - Past Definite

Translates to the English Past Simple.

Verb Form Translation Form w/ MAK verbs MEK verbs Men ÿazdym I wrote. stem +(dy)m +(di)m Sen ÿazdyñ You wrote. stem +(dy)ñ +(di)ñ Ol ÿazdy He wrote. stem +(dy) +(di) Biz ÿazdyk We wrote. stem +(dy)k +(di)k Siz ÿazdyñz You wrote. stem +(dy)ñyz +(di)ñiz Olar ÿazdylar They wrote. stem +(dy)lar +(di)ler

To form the negative, add -ma or -me after the stem. Men ÿazmadym = I didn't write. Men gitmedim = I didn't go. Turkmen/English Dictionary 134

3.7 - Obligatory Form

Translates to English "must," "should," or "ought to" with a verb.

Verb Form Translation Form w/ MAK verbs MEK verbs Men ÿazmaly I must write. stem +maly +meli Sen ÿazmaly You must write. stem +maly +meli Ol ÿazmaly He must write. stem +maly +meli Biz ÿazmaly We must write. stem +maly +meli Siz ÿazmaly You must write. stem +maly +meli Olar ÿazmaly They must write. stem +maly +meli

To form the negative, add -däl after the verb. Men ÿazmaly däl = I must (should) not write. Men gitmeli däl = I must (should) not go.

3.8 - Imperative Forms

In the singular and plural "you" forms, the verbs are simply rendered as commands, with the varying levels of politeness as noted below. Note that the personal pronouns are parenthetical, indicating that they are not spoken as part of the command form, but indicate to whom the command is being delivered.

Verb Form Translation Form w/ MAK verbs MEKverbs (Sen) ÿaz! Write! stem (Sen) ÿazyñ! Write! stem +yñ +iñ (Sen) ÿazsana! Write, please! (polite) stem +sana +sene

(Siz) ÿazyñ Write! stem +yñ +iñ (Siz) ÿazsañizlañ Write, please! (polite) stem +sañizlañ +señizläñ

The first person singular and plural forms translate not as commands, but more as expressions of "I'm going to," "may I," "let me," or "let us." The personal pronouns are necessary here.

Verb Form Translation Form w/ MAK verbs MEK verbs Men ÿazaÿyn. May I write. stem +aÿyn +eÿin Men geçeÿin. Let me pass.

Biz ÿazalyñ Let's write!. stem +alyñ* +eliñ* Biz gideliñ Let's go!

*In colloquial speech, the endings are sometimes shortened to -aly and -ely.

To form the plural negative, add -ma or -me after the stem: Hat ÿazmalyñ = Let's not write a letter. Bazara gitmeliñ = Let's not go to the bazaar. Turkmen/English Dictionary 135

The third person forms are also not commands as much as they are urges or wishes, translated roughly as "let..." or "would that..."

Verb Form Translation Form w/ MAK verbs MEK verbs Ol ÿazsyn Let him write. stem +syn +sin Ol geçsin Let him pass.

Olar ÿazsynlar Let them write! stem +synlar +sinler Olar geçsinler Let them pass!

To form the negatives for all the above forms, add -ma or -me after the stems, according to vowel harmony: Ol ÿazmasyn = May he not write. Olar gitmesinler = May they not go.

3.9 - Intentional Form

Translates to the English "intend to."

Verb Form Translation Form w/ MAK verbs MEK verbs Men ÿazmakçy I intend to write. stem +makçy mekçi Sen ÿazmakçy You intend to write. stem +makçy mekçi Ol ÿazmakçy He/she intends to write. stem +makçy mekçi Biz ÿazmakçy We intend to write. stem +makçy mekçi Siz ÿazmakçy You intend to write. stem +makçy mekçi Olar ÿazmakçy They intend to write. stem +makçy mekçi

To form the negative, add after the verb. Men ÿazmakçy däl = I do not intend to write. Men gitmekçi däl = I do not intend to go. Turkmen/English Dictionary 136

4.0 Relative Clauses

Relative clauses are formed in Turkmen simply by using verb suffixes based on the tense and vowel harmony of the verb. Who and which, used in English to form relative clauses, are not used as such in Turkmen.

Relative clauses in the present tense are formed by adding the suffixes -ÿan and -ÿän to the stems of MAK and MEK verbs, respectively:

gelÿän adamlar = people who are coming ÿazÿan dostum = my friend who is writing

Sentence structure is as follows:

A?gabatdan gelÿän adamlar ÿolda durdular. from-Ashgabat-coming-people-road-at-stopped The people who are coming from Ashgabat stopped on the road.

Kitap ÿazÿan dostum Çärjewde ÿa?aÿar. book-writing-my friend-Charjew-in-lives My friend who is writing a book is from Charjew.

Relative clauses in the past are formed by adding -an and -en to the stems of MAK and MEK verbs, respectively:

gelen adamlar = those who came ÿazan dostum = my friend who has written

Sentence structure is as follows:

Tejenden gelen adamlar köp iÿdiler. Tejen-from-came-people-much-they ate The people who came from Tejen ate a lot.

Bu kitaby okanlar ony gowy diÿip tapdylar. This-book-read (plural)-it-good-that-they found Those who read this book found it (to be) good.

In the future tense, the definite future forms of the verb ( -jak and - jek) form the relative clauses. There are no unique suffixes:

Biziñ klasymyzy okatjak mugallym Eÿrandan geldi. to-our-class-will teach-teacher-from Iran-came The teacher who will teach our class came from Iran.

Gökdepä gitjek okuwçylar duralgasynda gara ?yp durlar. to Geok Depe-will go-students-stop-at-are waiting The students who will go to Geok Depe are waiting at the stop. Turkmen/English Dictionary 137

5.0 Cases and their suffixes

Vowel Endings Consonant Endings

Nomnative --- (no change) --- (no change) pagta - cotton gazan - pot Gök Depe - Goek Depe (a kä?ir - carrot(s) town) Possessive nyñ, niñ (nuñ, nüñ) yñ, iñ (uñ, üñ) pagtanyñ - ˜ cotton's gazanyñ- ˜ pot's Gök Depeniñ- ˜ Goek kä?iriñ- ˜ carrots's Depe's Dative -a,-ä or -na, -ne -a, -e pagta - ˜ to cotton gazana- ˜ to the pot Gök Depä- ˜ to Goek Depe kä?ire- ˜ to the carrots

Accusative ny, ni y, i pagtany - ˜ the cotton gazany- ˜ the pot (d.o.) (direct ob.) kä?iri- ˜ the carrot(s) Gök Depeni- ˜ Goek Depe (d.o.) (d.o.)

Time/Place da, de or nda, nde da, de pagtada- ˜ in cotton gazanda- ˜ in the pot Gök Depede- ˜ in Goek kä?irde- ˜ in carrots Depe Instrumental dan, den or ndan, nden dan, den pagtadan - ˜ from cotton gazandan- ˜ from the pot Gök Depeden- ˜ from Goek kä?irden- ˜ from carrots Depe

The Nominative Case answers Kim? Who?, Näme? What? , Nire? Where? It is used for the subject of the sentence and sometimes for non-specific direct objects. Gök Depe gowy. = Goek Depe is nice.

The Possessive Case answers Kimiñ? Whose?, Nämäniñ? Of what? , Niräniñ? Of where? Itis usually used to show simple possessive relationships. Gök Depeniñ häkimligi = Goek Depe's mayor's office. However, it is sometimes used in ways unfamiliar to English speakers, most notably in prepositional contexts: Gök Depeniñ ÿanynda = by Goek Depe, near Goek Depe.

The Dative Case answers Kime? To whom?, Nämä? Towards what? To what end? , Nirä? To where? It describes a motion directed toward something. Bu awtobus Gök Depä gitÿär = This bus is going to Goek Depe. It also describes abstract direction. Maña çaÿ gerek = Tea is necessary to me. (I need tea.) Please note how the final vowels change in the following examples: (Türkmenba?y) Bu awtobus Türkmenba?a gidÿär. (Mary) Bu awtobus Mara gidÿär. (Çüli) Bu awtobus Çülä gidÿär.

The Accusative Case answers Kimi? Who?, Nämäni? What? , Niräni? Where? It is used for direct objects – things that are acted upon by the verb of the sentence. Men kä?iri kesÿärin. = I'm cutting the carrots. It carries the specificity of an English "the" and is only used when the object is definite.

The Time/Place Case answers Kimde? Upon whom?, Nämede? At what? , Nirede? Where? At what place? It translate to English in various ways depending on the context. Gök Depede ÿa?aÿaryn = I live in Goek Depe. Mende çaÿ ÿok = I don't have any tea. (on me)

The Instrumental Case answers Kimden? From who?, Nämeden? From what? , Nireden? From where? Like the English "from" it can be used to describe both physical origin, and more abstract concepts of origin. Bu köÿnek Gök Depeden/pagtadan. = This dress is from Goek Depe/ made from cotton. Turkmen/English Dictionary 138

5.1 Possessive Suffixes Unlike English, the Turkmen language also adds a suffix to the object of possession. This may at times be redundant ( Meniñ kakam geldi. = My father-(my) came.) but often the possessive participle is omitted (Kakam geldi. = Father-(my) came.) so the suffix alone shows possession.

Vowel ending Consonant Ending Vowel ending Consonant Ending My My Our Our -m -ym, -im (-um, üm) -myz, -miz -ymyz, -imiz kakam, my father balykym, my fish kakamyz, our (-umyz, ümiz) ejem, my mother itim, my dog father balykymyz, our ejemiz, our mother fish itimiz, our dog

Your (sing, Your (sing, Your (plural, Your (plural, informal) informal) formal) formal) -ñ -yñ, -iñ (-uñ, üñ) -ñyz, ñiz -yñyz, -iñiz kakañ, your father balykyñ, your fish kakañyz, your (-uñyz, üñiz) ejeñ, your mother itiñ, your dog father balykyñyz, your ejeñiz, your fish mother itiñiz, your dog

His, her, its His, her, its Their Their -sy, -si -y, -i -sy, -si y, -i kakasy, her father balyky, his fish kakasy, their balyky, their fish ejesi, her mother iti, his dog father iti, their dog ejesi, their mother Turkmen/English Dictionary 139

6.0 The Absolute Posessive

meniñki mine biziñki ours seniñki yours siziñki yours onuñky his/hers/its olaryñky theirs

kimiñki whose? Jereniñki Jeren's

Bu meniñ kitabym =this is my book Bu kitab meniñki =this book is mine

7.0 Nouns in Direct Relation Turkmen contains certain pairs of nouns that are in "direct relation," or which together illustrate a concept, exist without use of the posessive suffixes. For example, the general concept of "bus stop" is rendered as awtobus duralgasy , whereas the posessive awtobusyñ duralgasy would indicate " one bus's stop." In these direct relation pairs, the first noun, in its nominative form, acts more as an adjective than a noun, specifying the genreal meaning of the two-word concept. Other examples are as such:

ma?yn ÿagy=motor oil ( ma?ynyñ ÿagy =one car's oil)

miwe sogy =fruit juice ( miwen iñ sogy =one fruit's juice)

ÿylan deresi =snakeskin ( ÿylan yñ deresi =that snake's skin)

mekdep howlysy =schoolyard ( mekdeb iñ howlysy =a school's yard)

Note that the second noun is in its "posessed" form with the appropriate -i, -y, -si, or -sy ending.

8.0 Coparatives & Superlatives

To form the comparative, the -dan/den suffix (than) is added to the noun being compared, and the suffix -rak or -räk is then added to the adjective. As in the following examples, the -rak/räk ending is not mandatory:

Bu üzümler ?ol üzümlerden süÿji Bu üzümler ?ol üzümlerden süÿjiräk = These grapes are sweeter than those grapes

The -rak/räk ending can be used to indicate a comparitive idea without the actual comparative structure:

Olaryñ köÿnekleri kelteräk = Their dresses are (generally) shorter.

To form the superlative, the words iñ or has (most) are added before the adjective:

Maral meniñ iñ gowy okuwçym = Maral is my best pupil.

Bu ma?ynlardan seniñki has owadan = Of all these cars yours is the most beautiful.

Sekizinji klaslaryñ iñ ökde okuwçylaryny saÿla = Choose the most talented pupils of the eighth grade. Turkmen/English Dictionary 140

9.0 Some Unusual Structures in Turkmen Grammar

A. Comparisons "As... as"

Your hat is as expensive as hers. = Seniñ ?lÿapañ hem onuñky ÿaly gymmat. Your hat and hers as expensive.

Your dog is as big as his. = Seniñ itiñ hem onuñky ÿaly uly. Your dog and his as big.

Their students are as good as ours. = Onuñ owkuwçylar hem biziñki ÿaly gowy. Their students and ours as good.

B. I (verb) (noun) to (verb)

I want him to come. = Onuñ gelmegini isleÿärin. His to come I want.

She wants you to listen. = Ol seniñ e?itmegiñi isleÿär. She your to listen wants.

I was asking her to do so. = Onuñ ?eÿle etmegini haÿy? edÿärdim. Her so to do I was asking.

I want him to come. = Onuñ gelmegini isleÿärin. His coming I want. Turkmen/English Dictionary 141

10.0 Go ?ylmalar

Letters, go?ylmalar , are added to verbs to change their function.

10.1: Passive

Adding these go?ylmalar changes the verb to passive voice where the doer of the sentence is unspoken.

-yl/-il; -ul/-ül; -l

Meniñ ejem uly halyny dokady.= My mother made/wove a big carpet. ?u haly ÿüñden dokyldy. = This carpet was made/woven from wool.

?u ÿyl iki ÿazyjy täze hekaÿalary döretdiler. This year two writers created new stories. ¥añy-ÿakynda ?äherimiz hakynda täze go?gy döretildi. = A new poem was written about our city.

10.2: Reflexive

Adding these go?ylmalar make the verb reflexive where the action of the sentence has its effect on the person or thing that does the action.

-yn/-in; -un/-ün; -n

Günde meniñ joralarymy görÿärin. = I see my girlfriends everyday. Ol i?e gidip görenip ga ÿtdy. = He went to work, showed himself and left.

Kakam paltany ma ?yna sö ÿedi. = My father leaned the axe against the car. Men ardamyny diwara söÿendym. = I leaned my back against the wall.

10.3: Reciprocal

Adding these go?ylmalar make the verb exchanged between two people or groups, or given and recieved in return.

-y?/-i?; -u?/ü?; -?

Maral jigisini gyjaklady. = Maral hugged her little brother/sister. Dostlar gyjakla ?dylar we og?a?dylar. = The friends hugged and kissed each other.

Sen Selbini gördüñmi? = Did you see Selbi? Biz göre ?ip salamla?dyk.= We saw and greeted each other. Turkmen/English Dictionary 142

10.4: Causitive

Adding these go?ylmalar makes the subject of the verb also the cause of an action or state.

-dyr/-dir; -dur/-dür;-yr/-ir; -ur/-ür; -uz,-üz; -ar/-er; - der/-dar; -t

Men ?u kitap bilen gyzyklanamok. = I am not interested in this book. Meniñ mugallymym maña Türkmen go ?gularany öwrenmäge gyzyklandyrdy. - My teacher got me interested in Turkmen poetry.

Mergen öÿe gelip derrew yatdy. = Mergen came home and went to sleep right away. Gül?at çagalaryny giç ÿatardy. = Gulshat put her children to bed late.

Men Ainabady görenimde güldim. = When I saw Ainabat, I laughed. Ol gülkunçli dege ?me a ÿdanynda dostlaryny gülderdi. He made his friends laugh when he told a funny joke.

Men ÿerde çökip gülleri ni çöpledim. = I knelt on the ground and picked flowers. Çopan düÿäni çökerdi. = The shepherd made the camel kneel down.

Tomsuna hemme adama ir turÿar. = Everyone gets up/wakes up early in the summer. Sagat onda maña turuzsana! = Wake me up at 10 o'clock!

Ol i?ini etdi. = He did the work. Ol meni holynda i ?letdi. = He made me work in the yard.

Only görmek =to see uses go?ylma -kez in its causitive form:

Olar bizi köçede gördiler. = They saw us on the street. Men suratlarymy jorama görkezÿärin. = I am showing my friend my pictures. Turkmen/English Dictionary 143

11.0 Four Important Modal Verbs : otyr, ÿatyr, dur, ÿör

Four verbs in Turkmen, oturmak, ÿatmak, durmak, and ÿörmek , have special 3rd person singular forms, otyr, ÿatyr, dur , and ÿör, respectively, that can be used alone or with compound verb structures to indicate a continuous action or the physical position of something. Personal endings are added to these 3rd person forms as such: men otyryn men ÿatyrn men durun sen otyrsyñ sen ÿatyrsyñ sen dursuñ ol otyr ol ÿatyr ol dur biz otyrys biz ÿatyrys biz durus siz otyrsyñyz siz ÿatyrsyñyz siz dursuñyz olar oyrlar olar ÿatyrlar olar durlar

*The 3rd person singular, ÿör, is used alone only in certain regional dialects.

Examples of the use of the three above forms are as follows:

Myrat ?u wagt ÿatyr =Myrat is sleeping now.

Meniñ dostum mugallymlar jaÿynda otyr =My friend is sitting in the teachers' room.

Ma?ynym mekdebi ñiziñ öñünde dur =My car is in front of your school.

In compound structures, these verbs' meanings are retained only in that they indicate the position of the doer of the action:

Ol okap ÿatyr =He is reading. (while lying down)

Men çaÿ içip otyryn =I'm drinking tea. (while seated)

Ol taÿda toÿ gidip dur =There's a party going on over there. (in one place)

Sag-aman i ?läp ÿörsiñizmi? =Are you (safely) working? (continuously)

Physical objects capable of continuous action but not movement such as cars, refrigerators, electricity, and televisions, use dur in compound structures:

Swet ÿanyp dur =The lights are on. Holodilnik i ?läp dur =The refrigerator is running. Duhowka ÿanyp dur =The oven is hot (on). Turkmen/English Dictionary 144

12.0 Selected Suffixes and Prefixes

12.1: -çy/-çi

The suffix -çy or -çi, according to vowel harmony, functions like -ist or -er in English to denote occupation, profession, or position.

i? work i?çi worker okuw school okuwçy pupil

In certain cases where the verbs are made into nouns, the suffix becomes -jy or -ji:

diñlemek to listen diñleÿji listener okamak to read okaÿjy reader ÿasamak to craft ÿasaÿjy master

12.2: -dar

The suffix, -dar can make personal nouns out of other nouns. It is unaffected by vowel harmony.

bergi debt bergidar debtor tarap side tarapdar supporter

12.3: -ke ?

The suffix -ke? personalizes certain nouns indicative of a particular cistom or habit.

gybat gossip gybatke ? gossipper nas chewing tobacco naske ? tobacco chewer (habitual) çilim cigarette çilimke ? smoker

12.4: -siz/-suz/-syz

The suffixes -siz, -suz, or -syz, according to vowel harmony, mean without or un-.

tertip order tertipsiz disorderly howp danger howpsuz secure jan spirit jansyz inanimate Turkmen/English Dictionary 145

12.5: -lik/-lük/-lyk/-luk

These suffixes function to create abstract nouns, like -hood, - ness, or -ity in English. They adhere to vowel harmony.

gözel beautiful gözellik beauty köp much, many köplük collective çaga child çagalyk childhood dost friend dostluk friendship

These suffixes can also make nouns and adjectives from numerical expressions.

bä? five bä?lik five-Manat note bir ÿyl one year bir ÿyllyk a year's worth on üç thirteen on üçlük bus #13

These suffixes make nouns and adjectives which show purpose.

gün day gündelik diary ÿetmek to suffice ÿeterlik enough el hand ellik glove

12.6: The prefix bi-

The prefix bi- expresses the idea of without-. It does not affect, nor is subject to, vowel harmony.

tarap side bitarap neutral günä sin bigünä innocent

The above forms can then combine with the -lik/-lük/-lyk/-luk forms to form nouns.

bitaraplyk neutrality bigünälik innocence

12.7: -daky/-däki

These suffixes adhere to the rules of vowel harmony and act as adjective clauses do in English, as in the following examples:

Men ?ol kinodaky gyzy halamok. I don't like the girl in that film.

Tejendäki mugallymlar biziñ ÿygnagymyza gelÿärler. The teachers from Tejen are coming to our meeting.

A?gabatdaky çörek bizi ñkiden gowy. The bread in Ashgabat is better than ours.

Öÿüñizdäkilere köp salam aÿt! Say "hi" to those at your house.

10njy "A" klasdaky okuwçylaryñ tertibi gowy däl. The pupils of the 10th "A" class are not well behaved.

Eliñdäkini aÿyr! Get rid of what's in your hand! Turkmen/English Dictionary 146

Parkyñ içindäki gazly suw ?äherimizi ñ iñ gowysy. The juice in the park is the best in our city.

Mekdebiñ ÿanyndaky howlyda toÿ bar. There's a party in the yard next to the school.

Men ?u kö ÿnekdäki ÿakany gowy görÿärin. I like the yoke (collar) of this dress.

Öten ÿyldaky hasyl bu ÿylydakydan köpdi. Last year's harvest was more than this year's.

13.0 Expressing Needs and Desires

Although in Turkmen there is a way to express a wish to do something that parallels the English use of infinitives, such as Men çaÿ içmek isleÿärin (I want to drink tea), a far more common way to express desires involves a construction unlike any in English, utilizing the verb gelmek as a helping verb: Meniñ çaÿ içesim gelÿär (My-tea-drinking-comes).This would roughly translate as "I want to drink tea." or "I feel like drinking tea." The main verb içmek has the personal ending -esim added to the stem, with gelmek in the 3rd person singular, gelÿär . Note the use of posessive pronouns rather than personal pronouns in the following charts:

-mak verbs

meniñ ÿat-asym gelÿär I'd like to sleep seniñ ÿat-asyñ gelÿär You'd lik e to sleep onuñ ÿat-asy gelÿär He'd like to sleep biziñ ÿat-asymyz gelÿär We'd like to sleep siziñ ÿat-asyñyz gelÿär You'd like to sleep olaryñ ÿat-asy gelÿär They'd like to sleep

-mek verbs

meniñ iç-esim gelÿär I'd like to drink seniñ iç-esiñ gelÿär You'd like to drink onuñ iç-esi gelÿär He'd like to drink biziñ iç-esimiz gelÿär We'd like to drink siziñ iç-esiñiz gelÿär You'd like to drink olaryñ iç-esi gelÿär They'd like to drink

The negative is formed by changing the gelÿär to gelmeÿär or gelenok : Meniñ hiç zady iÿesim gelenok. I don't feel like eating anything.

The past tense is also possible, as such: Meniñ bir zady bilesim geldi. I wanted to know something. Turkmen/English Dictionary 147

14.0 Indicating Possibility: mümkin

The word mümkin is used to indicate possibility or to ask permission for an action, using infinitive verbs, such as:

Çilim çekmek mümkinmi? Is it possible to smoke? (May I smoke?) Girmek mümkinmi? May I come in? Jañ etmek mümkinmi? May I make a call?

Grammatically, it can be used to signify "may" or "might," as in:

Men ertir siziñ mekdebiñize geläÿmegim mümkin. I might come to your school tomorrow.

Men hat ÿazaÿmagym mümkin. I might write a leter.

-mak verbs men ÿaz-aÿmagym mümkin I might write sen ÿaz-aÿmagyñ mümkin you might write ol ÿaz-aÿmagy mümkin he/she might write biz ÿaz-aÿmagymyz mümkin we might write siz ÿaz-aÿmagyñyz mümkin you might write olar ÿaz-aÿmagy mümkin they might write

-mek verbs men gel-äÿmegim mümkin I might come sen gel-äÿmegiñ mümkin you might come ol gel-äÿmegi mümkin he/she might come biz gel-äÿmegimiz mümkin we might come siz gel-äÿmegiñiz mümkin you might come olar gel-äÿmegi mümkin they might come

The negative is formed as such:

Men ertir mekdebiñize gelmezligim mümkin. I might not come to your school tomorrow.

Men hat ÿazmazlygym mümkin. I might not write a letter.

-mak verbs men ÿaz-mazlygym mümkin I might write sen ÿaz-mazlygyñ mümkin you might write ol ÿaz-mazlygy mümkin he/she might write biz ÿaz-mazlygymyz mümkin we might write siz ÿaz-mazlygyñyz mümkin you might write olar ÿaz-mazlygy mümkin they might write

-mek verbs men gel-mezligim mümkin I might come sen gel-mezligiñ mümkin you might come ol gel-mezligi mümkin he/she might come biz gel-mezligimiz mümkin we might come siz gel-mezligiñiz mümkin you might come olar gel-mezligi mümkin they might come Turkmen/English Dictionary 148 Turkmen/English Dictionary 149

15.0 -dygy/ digi

Men oña alty-da geljekdigimi aÿtdym. I told him I would come at 6:00.

Siz maña näme isleÿändigiñizi aÿdyñ. Tell me what you want.

Ol maña köp zat öwrenÿändigini aÿtdy. He told me he's learning a lot.

Ol maña seniñ gelendigiñi aÿtdy. She told me that you came (had come).

Köwü?iñ bahasynyñ näçcdigini aÿdyp biljekmi? Can you tell me how much your shoes cost?

Mugallymyñ nirededigini bilÿärsiñmi? Do you know where the teacher is?

Men ol gyzyñ menden ulydygyny bilÿärin. I know that girl is taller than I.

Men seniñ kitabyñ meniñkiden gowydygyny bilÿärin. I know your book is better than mine.

Biz ?u kitaby ñ sözlükdigini bilÿäris. We know this book is a dictionary.

16.0 Double Verbs

Whereas in English we conjugate all verbs and place "and" between them when two actions are done at once or at relatively the same time, Turkmen employs a structure that puts the two verbs together. The first verb is reduced to its stem and the participial ending -yp or -ip, according to vowel harmony, is added. The ending of the second verb determines the doer of the action indicated, as below.

Men düÿn nahar iÿip ÿatdym. Yesterday I ate and went to sleep.

Men radio diñläp hat ÿazÿaryn. I'm listening to the radio and writing a letter.

This form may be used to express an action which has been or will be completed before the expressed action of the second verb:

Biz iÿip gelÿäris. We ate before coming. (lit. We–eat-come)

Nahar iÿip okuwa gidiñ! Eat before going to school. (lit. Food-eat-to-school-go)

Swedi öçürip gaÿt. Go turn off the light. (lit. Light-turn off-come back) Turkmen/English Dictionary 150

The participlial -ip and -yp endings have negative counterparts, -män and -man, also added to the stem of the first verb

Çagalar iÿmän okuwa gitdiler. The children went without eating.

Okuwçylar okaman sapaga gelÿärler. The pupils come to the lesson without studying.

16.1 Expressing Ability: -p/-yp/-ip bilmek

A modal structure involving bilmek is used to convey the idea of being able to do something.

Men Türkmençe okap bilÿärin = I can read Turkmen

Ol Rusça ÿazyp bilenok = He can't write Russian

Biz bazara gidip biljek dä l = We won't be able to go to the bazaar

16.2 Doing an Action for Someone: -p/-yp/-ip bermek

A modal structure involving bermek is used to express the doing of an action for someone:

Men size jaÿy salyp berdim = I built a house for you

?ol gapyny ÿapyp bermesene = Don't close that door

?ol käsäni sa ña alyp bererin = I'll give you that teacup

According to vowel harmony the main verb's stem is followed by the participial ending -yp or -ip, and bermek appears according to the doer of the action and the tense.

16.3 Attempted Action: -p/-yp/-ip görmek

A modal structure involving görmek is used to express the idea of trying to do something, or the idea of doing-and-seeing:

Bu nahary datyp gör = Try this food

Men pikir edip göreÿin = Let me think about it (and see)

?ol kö ÿnegi geÿip gördi = She tried on that dress

16.4 Anticipated Action: -jak/-jek bolmak

A modal structure involving the future tense and bolmak is used to indicate the idea of being about to do something:

Sen ÿatjak bolÿañmy? = Are you about to sleep?

Olar saña jañ etjek bolÿarlar = They're about to call you

Gara?yñ, men iÿjek bolÿaryn = Wait, I'm going to (about to) eat Turkmen/English Dictionary 151 Turkmen/English Dictionary 152

References

The following works were used in preparing this dictionary:

A. Almammedov, R. Nazarov. English-Turkmen Dictionary . - Magaryph Publishers. Ashgabad. 1989. 10,000 words from English to Turkmen.

P. Azimova. Turkmenche-Ruscha Okuw Sozlugi . - Moscow "Russkiy Yazik". 1988. 9000 words from Turkmen to Russian. Our main reference text.

B. Chariyarova. Bolshoy Russko-Turkmenskiy Slovar . - Moscow "Russkiy Yazik". 1987. 77,000 entries in two volumes, translations from Russian to Turkmen.

B. Jumageldieva, G. Sopieva. Turkmenche-Ruscha Gysgalzha Tematik Sozlugi. - Ashgabad "Ilham". 1994. 75 pages of thematic word lists, listing Russian and Turkmen.

B. Meskutova. Ruscha-Turkmenche Okuw Sozlugi . - Moscow "Russkiy Yazik". 1982. 5000 words from Russian to Turkmen.

M. Soyegov, N. Rejepov. Taze Turkmen Elipbi. - Ashgabat "Ruh". 1993. An introduction to the new Turkmen alphabet for Turkmen speakers.

M. Wheeler. The Oxford Russian-English Dictionary. - New York "Oxford University Press". 1992. 82,000 entries from Russian to English.

The following additional works were used as references in preparing the brief grammatical appendix:

R. Nepesova, O. Yaslydeva. Let's Speak English. - Ashgabat "Ilim". 1992. Beginning English for Turkmen Speakers.

Peace Corps Turkmenistan. Turkmen. - Ashgabad. 1995. Compentency- based basic Turkmen instruction.

N. Rejepov. Turkmenskiy Yazik. - Ashgabad "Magarif". 1993. Beginning Turkmen for Russian Speakers.

A. Retman, R. Retman. Let's Learn to Speak English. - Ashgabat. 1992. Beginning English for Turkmen Speakers.

Turkmen Language Project. Turkmen Language Course. - Indiana University. 1994. Compentency-based basic Turkmen instruction.

D. Tyson, L. Clark. Turkmen Language Manual, 2nd Edition . - "U.S. Peace Corps". 1994. Compentency-based basic Turkmen instruction.

J. Yagmirov. Turkmen Dilini Owrenyeris. - Ashabad "Ilim". 1993. Beginning Turkmen for Russian Speakers.