ZOOTAXA, Cnidaria, Cubozoa, Carybdeida

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Zootaxa 1084: 1–30 (2005) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA 1084 Copyright © 2005 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Two new species of jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida) from tropical Western Australia, presumed to cause Irukandji Syndrome LISA-ANN GERSHWIN School of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, and Aus- tralian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia. Email: [email protected] Current address: Surf Life Saving State and National Marine Stinger Advisor, Surf Life Saving Queensland, 18 Manning Street, South Brisbane, QLD 4101. Abstract Two new jellyfishes are described from the waters off northwestern Australia. The first, Carukia shinju n. sp., is similar to the common Queensland Irukandji Carukia barnesi, but differs from the latter in having a larger body size, branched velarial canals, nematocyst warts on both the velarial canals and the perradial lappets, fully-spined tentacular nematocyst shafts, about 14 naked ringlets between adjacent tentacular nematocyst bands, and long, narrow, capitate rhopaliar horns. The second, Malo maxima n. gen. n. sp., is distinctive from other known cubozoan species by its unique combination of having a tall, narrow, robust body with a flattened apex; frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostia; short, broad, straight rhopaliar horns; small, narrow pedalia with a single row of nematocyst patches on the outer keel and fine, cylindrical unmodified tentacles; moderately developed perradial mesenteries; 4 simple to bifurcated velarial canals per octant arising from a single base; and lacking both gastric phacellae and a thorn-like diverticulum of the pedalial canals. Both species are thought to be dangerous to humans, causing Irukandji syndrome. Key words: Cubozoa, Carybdeida, Irukandji syndrome, box jellyfish, Western Australia Introduction Irukandji syndrome has troubled the pearling industry in the Broome area of Western Australia for as long as anyone can remember. Long ago, they did not have a name for the sickness, and it was seen as the mark of a man to grit one’s teeth through the experience (various pearl divers and skippers, pers. comm. 2004). The official name and classification of the species mattered not, for the divers all knew which jellyfish to look out for (and they Accepted by D. Calder: 10 Oct. 2005; published: 22 Nov. 2005 1.

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Two New Species of Box Jellies (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida)
RECORDS OF THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM 29 010–019 (2014) DOI: 10.18195/issn.0312-3162.29(1).2014.010-019 Two new species of box jellies (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida) from the central coast of Western Australia, both presumed to cause Irukandji syndrome Lisa-Ann Gershwin CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT – Irukandji jellies are of increasing interest as their stings are becoming more frequently reported around the world. Previously only two species were known from Western Australia, namely Carukia shinju Gershwin, 2005 and Malo maxima Gershwin, 2005, both from Broome. Two new species believed to cause Irukandji syndrome have recently been found and are described herein. One, Malo bella sp. nov., is from the Ningaloo Reef and Dampier Archipelago regions. It differs from its congeners in its small size at maturity, its statolith shape, irregular warts on the perradial lappets, and a unique combination of other traits outlined herein. This species is not associated with any particular stings, but its phylogenetic afﬁ nity would suggest that it may be highly toxic. The second species, Keesingia gigas gen. et sp. nov., is from the Shark Bay and Ningaloo Reef regions. This enormous species is unique in possessing key characters of three families, including crescentic phacellae and broadly winged pedalia (Alatinidae) and deeply incised rhopalial niches and feathery diverticulations on the velarial canals (Carukiidae and Tamoyidae). These two new species bring the total species known or believed to cause Irukandji syndrome to at least 16. Research into the biology and ecology of these species should be considered a high priority, in order to manage their potential impacts on public safety.
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Cnidarian Phylogenetic Relationships As Revealed by Mitogenomics Ehsan Kayal1,2*, Béatrice Roure3, Hervé Philippe3, Allen G Collins4 and Dennis V Lavrov1
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