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Northern Gateway Template Technical Data Report Marine Acoustics (2006) ENBRIDGE NORTHERN GATEWAY PROJECT JASCO Research Ltd. Victoria, British Columbia Melanie Austin, B.A.Sc. Alex MacGillivray, M.Sc. David Hannay, M.Sc. Mikhail Zykov, Ph.D. Version 10.0 2010 Marine Acoustics (2006) Technical Data Report Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1-1 2 Field Study ...................................................................................................................... 2-1 3 Ambient Noise ................................................................................................................ 3-1 3.1 Principe Channel ............................................................................................................. 3-1 3.2 Caamaño Sound ............................................................................................................... 3-2 3.3 Wright Sound .................................................................................................................. 3-4 3.4 Emsley Creek Estuary ..................................................................................................... 3-5 4 Biological Noise .............................................................................................................. 4-1 4.1 Marine Mammals ............................................................................................................ 4-1 4.2 Fish and Other Animals ................................................................................................... 4-6 5 Acoustic Transmission Loss Measurements ................................................................ 5-1 5.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 5-1 5.2 Principe Channel ............................................................................................................. 5-3 5.3 Caamaño Sound ............................................................................................................... 5-5 5.4 Wright Sound .................................................................................................................. 5-7 5.5 Emsley Creek Estuary ..................................................................................................... 5-8 6 Geoacoustic Environment ............................................................................................. 6-1 6.1 Sediment Basins in the Fjord System .............................................................................. 6-1 6.2 Geoacoustic Parameters of Basin Sediments .................................................................. 6-2 7 Acoustic Modelling......................................................................................................... 7-1 7.1 Model Ground-Truthing .................................................................................................. 7-1 7.1.1 Principe Channel ........................................................................................................ 7-2 7.1.2 Caamaño Sound ....................................................................................................... 7-2 7.1.3 Wright Sound ............................................................................................................. 7-2 7.1.4 Emsley Creek Estuary ................................................................................................ 7-2 7.2 Acoustic Source Levels ................................................................................................... 7-7 7.3 Model Scenarios and Results .......................................................................................... 7-9 7.3.1 Berthing at the Kitimat Terminal ............................................................................... 7-9 7.3.2 Tanker on Standby while Moored at the Kitimat Terminal ........................................ 7-9 7.3.3 Transit Past Kitkiata Inlet ......................................................................................... 7-14 7.3.4 Transit Through Wright Sound ................................................................................ 7-14 7.3.5 Transit Through Principe Channel ........................................................................... 7-21 7.3.6 Transit Through Caamaño Sound .......................................................................... 7-24 7.3.7 Dredging at the Kitimat Terminal ............................................................................ 7-27 8 Audiogram analysis ....................................................................................................... 8-1 9 References ....................................................................................................................... 9-1 9.1 Literature Cited ............................................................................................................... 9-1 9.2 Internet Sites .................................................................................................................... 9-2 Appendix A Audiogram-Weighted Sound Level Maps ...........................................1 Version 10.0 Page i 2010 Marine Acoustics (2006) Technical Data Report Table of Contents List of Tables Table 2-1 Sites Monitored with Ocean-Bottom Hydrophone Recording System ................ 2-2 Table 4-1 Marine Mammal Sounds in Caamaño and Wright Sounds, September 29 to 30 ..................................................................................................................... 4-1 Table 6-1 Geoacoustic Parameters for Gil Basin Sediments ............................................... 6-3 Table 6-2 Geoacoustic Parameters for Maitland Basin Sediments ...................................... 6-4 List of Figures Figure 2-1 Sites Monitored with Ocean-Bottom Hydrophone Recording System ................ 2-2 Figure 3-1 Spectrogram and Sound Pressure Levels of Acoustic Recording in Principe Channel, September 28 .......................................................................... 3-2 Figure 3-2 Spectrogram and Sound Pressure Levels of Acoustic Recording in Caamaño Sound, September 29 ........................................................................... 3-3 Figure 3-3 Spectrogram and Sound Pressure Levels of Acoustic Recording in Wright Sound, September 30 ........................................................................................... 3-4 Figure 3-4 Emsley Creek Estuary at High Tide ..................................................................... 3-5 Figure 3-5 Spectrogram and Sound Pressure Levels of Acoustic Recording at Emsley Creek Estuary, October 1 ..................................................................................... 3-6 Figure 4-1 Baleen Whale Vocalizations in Caamaño Sound, September 29 ........................ 4-2 Figure 4-2 Unidentified Marine Mammal Sounds in Wright Sound, September 30 ............. 4-3 Figure 4-3 Low Frequency Vocalization at Wright Sound Station, September 30 ............... 4-4 Figure 4-4 Simultaneous Killer Whale and Baleen Whale Vocalizations in Caamaño Sound, September 29 ........................................................................................... 4-5 Figure 4-5 Killer Whale Sounds in Wright Sound, September 30 ........................................ 4-6 Figure 4-6 Recordings from Emsley Creek Estuary Show Strong Clicks during a Quiet Period and during a Vessel Pass-by ........................................................... 4-7 Figure 5-1 Spectrogram of Broadcast System Tones for Transmission Loss Study, Measured on both Reference and Ocean-Bottom Hydrophones.......................... 5-2 Figure 5-2 Transmission Loss Study Transect at Principe Channel ...................................... 5-3 Figure 5-3 Transmission Loss versus Range in Principe Channel ........................................ 5-4 Figure 5-4 Transmission Loss Study Transect in Caamaño Sound ....................................... 5-5 Figure 5-5 Transmission Loss versus Range in Caamaño Sound .......................................... 5-6 Figure 5-6 Transmission Loss Study Transect in Wright Sound ........................................... 5-7 Figure 5-7 Transmission Loss versus Range in Wright Sound ............................................. 5-8 Figure 5-8 Transmission Loss Study Transect at Emsley Creek Estuary .............................. 5-9 Figure 5-9 Transmission Loss versus Range along the Transect across Kitimat Arm from Emsley Cove ............................................................................................. 5-10 Figure 5-10 Modelled Transmission Loss over the Transect at Emsley Creek ..................... 5-11 Version 10.0 Page ii 2010 Marine Acoustics (2006) Technical Data Report Table of Contents Figure 6-1 Sedimentary Basins of Douglas Channel and Kitimat Arm ................................ 6-2 Figure 6-2 Seismic Reflection Profile across the Main Sill Separating Gil and Maitland Sedimentary Basins .............................................................................. 6-3 Figure 7-1 Measured and Modelled Transmission Loss in Principe Channel ....................... 7-3 Figure 7-2 Measured and Modelled Transmission Loss in Caamaño Sound ........................ 7-4 Figure 7-3 Measured and Modelled Transmission Loss in Wright Sound ............................ 7-5 Figure 7-4 Measured and Modelled Transmission
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