have a dream today! A Better Tomorrow Build Today have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight; “and oro dsd shalhah l be revevealed and all fl esh shall see it together.”2 hiissi isso ourur hoppe,e and this is the faith that I go back to the South with.

Wititth this faithh, we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith, we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony o Witithht thishih s faiththh, wewe willil be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. ndn thhisis wilwiw l be the dadayy --- this wilwi l be the day when all of God’s children will be able to sing with new meaning:

MyM coountunu ryr ‘titiis of thee, sweew ttl landana of liberty, of thee I sing.

LaL ndd whewhh rer my fathers died, land of the Pilgrim’s pride,

FrF omo evee ry mountainside, let freedom ring! ndn if AmA errir ca is to be a great nation, this must become true. ndd soso lel ttf freeedomd ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire.

Let freer edomd m rir ngg frof m the mighty mountains of New York.

Leetft freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania.

Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado.

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of .a ut not only that:

Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia.

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountainn of Tennessee.

Let freeedomdodom ringg frof m everve y hill anndmd molehillol ofMf Mississi ippp i.

From every mountainside, let freedom ring. nd when this happens, when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from everyryy viv llallage and every hamlet, from every state and every city, wew will be ablebl to speed up that day when all of G ack men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestanta s and Catholics,w, willi beb ablee to joioinnh hands andd sing in the words of the old Negro spiritui al:

Free at last! Free at last!

Thank God Almighty, we are free at last! Dr. MLK, Jr. Holiday Commission

Dear Readers,

The Ohio Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Holiday Commission is pleased to present the 2011 King calendar. This portable desk calendar is designed to remind you that every day the opportunity exists to engage in activities that will ultimately build a better tomorrow. As daily appointments are recorded, you can ensure that your day is productive and refl ective of your values.

The 2011 theme for the Ohio Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Holiday Commission is “Build Today a Better Tomorrow.” Dr. King once said, “We must build dikes of courage to hold back the fl ood of fear.” This calendar is fi lled with examples of Dr. Kings’ courage and sacrifi ces. His leadership of the Civil Rights Movement resulted in a monumental paradigm shift in the way this country viewed equality.

This calendar allows you to take note of how we use our greatest commodity – time; time to impact our lives and our community. Each day we have the opportunity to use our time to Ohio Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Holiday Commission Members continue Dr. King’s work to make a better tomorrow for us all.

As he accepted the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964, Dr. King said, “I believe that unarmed truth and unconditional love will have the fi nal word in reality. That is why right temporarily defeated is stronger that evil triumphant.” As you record your daily commitments in 2011, please acknowledge your responsibility to continue this great tradition.

Respectfully submitted, Governor Chair Vice Chair Rabbi Fannie L. Brown, Ph.D. John Kasich Stacey K. Brinkley, Ph.D. Rev. Joel L. King, Jr. Harold Berman Akron Athens Gahanna Columbus Dr. Stacey K. Brinkley, Chair David Jehnsen * Rev. Joel L. King, Jr., Vice Chair L. Rafael Rodriguez Rabbi Harold Berman Tei Street Dr. Fannie L. Brown Rep. W. Carlton Weddington Malcolm J. Costa * Melinda Carter, State EEO Coordinator

* The Ohio Dr. Martin Luther King Holiday, Jr. Commission is housed in the Equal Opportunity Division within the Ohio Malcom J. Costa David Jehnsen Tei Street Rep. W. Carlton Department of Administrative Services (DAS). This calendar was developed by the MLK Calendar Committee and the DAS Offi ce Akron Galena Columbus Weddington of Communications and External Relations. The MLK Calendar Committee is chaired by the Rev. Joel L. King, Jr. and staffed by Columbus Bobbi Bell, Judith Cockrell and Diane Ford.

Not pictured: L. Rafael Rodriguez, Canton 2011 January Janvier - Enero January 15,1929 │ Michael King, later known as Martin Luther King, Jr., is born to the Rev. Martin Luther King, Sr. and Mrs. Alberta Christine Williams King in Atlanta, Ga.

December 2010 SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SMTWT FS 1234 Important dates this month: 567891011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 “The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy.” 26 27 28 29 30 31 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. The Measure of a Man

February 2011 SMTWT FS 12345 1 6789101112 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 New Year’s Day

Seventh Day of /Imani (Faith)

National Mentoring Month 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 KING ACROSS OHIO Orthodox 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

State MLK Celebration Noon to 1:15 p.m. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Birthday CLEVELAND Riffe Center Capitol Theatre (1929) 77 S. High St., Columbus Dr. King’s remains re-interred at the current Aug. 7, 1956 King Center site (1970) King Center dedicates King Birth Home (1975) Dr. Robert C. Weaver becomes fi rst Black nominated to serve on a U.S. Presidential King Center dedicates Martin Luther King, Jr. King Center dedicates the permanent Dr. King speaks Cabinet (Secretary of HUD) (1966) Community Center (1976) entombment of Dr. King (1977) to an assembly 16 17 19 20 21 22 of Black funeral 18 directors about the Montgomery, Ala., bus boycott.

World Religion Day Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Mohandas Gandhi is assassinated (1948) The Kings’ third child, Dexter Scott, born in Atlanta, Ga. (1961) Coretta Scott King, passes away (2006) 30 31 2011 Février - Febrero 1954 │ The Rev. Martin Luther King, Sr. appoints Dr. King as the 20th pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Ala.

January 2011 SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SMTWT FS 1 Important dates this month: 2345678 9 101112131415 “We must come to see that the end we seek is a society at peace within itself, a 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 society that can live with its conscience.” 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Speech at the end of Selma March, “How Long, Not Long”

March 2011 SMTWT FS 12345 1 2 3 4 5 6789101112 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 15th Amendment giving African American men begins First Civil Rights Act passes (1866) the right to vote ratifi ed (1870)

National Freedom Day Rosa Park’s birthday (1913) 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 KING ACROSS Abraham Lincoln’s birthday (1809) OHIO Coretta Scott King fi rst interred at King Center (2006) NAACP founded (1909) 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

COLUMBUS Nov. 22, 1959

Dr. King delivers the Valentine’s Day sermon at Union 20 21 23 24 25 Grove Bapti st Church 22 26 as part of the church’s st 71 anniversary Malcolm X, leader of the Organization of Afro-American Unity and former Black Muslim celebrati on. Dr. leader, assassinated in New York City (1965) King oft en visited Presidents’ Day Columbus, where he parti cipated in 27 28 worship and fellowship acti viti es at Union Grove Bapti st Church. 2011 March Mars - Marzo 1955 │ The 381-day begins. Dr. King is unanimously elected president of the Montgomery Improvement Association.

February 2011 SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SMTWT FS 12345 Important dates this month: 6789101112 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 “And as we struggle to make racial and economic justice a reality, let us maintain 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 faith in the future.” 27 28 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Testament of Hope

April 2011 SMTWT FS 12 1 2 3 4 5 3456789 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Women’s History Month begins Read Across America Day 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 KING Dr. King holds press conference launching ACROSS Poor People’s Campaign at Paschal’s Harriet Tubman’s birthday (1820) Restaurant, Atlanta, Ga. (1968) OHIO U.S. Supreme Court rules against citizenship for (1857) “Bloody Sunday” in Selma, Ala. (1965) () 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

ATHENS Dec. 27, 1959 - Jan. 2, 1960 Daylight Saving Time begins St. Patrick’s Day begins at sundown Dr. King att ends the 18th Ecumenical 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Student Conference on the Christi an World Mission. The Spring begins Selma Freedom March, led by Dr. King (1965) conference themes Purim Baha’i New Year are “racial tension” and “technological 27 28 29 30 31 upheaval.”

The Kings’ fourth child, Bernice Albertine, born in Atlanta, Ga. (1963) Cesar Chavez’s birthday (1927) 2011 April Avril - Abril 1956 │ Dr. King is arrested on a charge of traveling 30 miles per hour in a 25 miles-per-hour zone in Montgomery, Ala. He is released on his own recognizance.

March 2011 SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SMTWT FS 12345 Important dates this month: 6789101112 “For we must come to see that peace is not merely the absence of some negative 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 force, it is the presence of a positive force. True peace is not merely the absence 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 of tension, but it is presence of justice and brotherhood.” 27 28 29 30 31 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. “Love, Law and ,” Address before the annual meeting of the Fellowship of the Concerned, November 1961 May 2011 SMTWT FS 1234567 1 2 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

April Fools Day 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 KING ACROSS Coretta Scott King leads Memorial March OHIO Dr. King assassinated in Memphis, Tenn. in Memphis, Tenn., with sanitation workers Dr. King interred at Southview Cemetery in (1968) (1968) Atlanta, Ga. (1968) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

MANSFIELD Sept. 23, 1962

Dr. King dedicates Tax Day Mount Hermon Bapti st 17 18 20 21 22 23 Church, the newly 19 constructed church of

his uncle, the Rev. Joel

L. King, Sr. Cesar Chavez passes away (1993)

Palm Sunday Passover begins at sundown Passover - First Day Passover - Second Day Passover Passover 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Dr. Frederick Douglass Patterson founds United Negro College Fund (UNCF) (1944) Coretta Scott born in Marion, Ala. (1927)

Passover Passover - Seventh Day Passover - Eighth Day Administrative Professionals Day Arbor Day 2011 May Mai - Mayo 1957 │ An unexploded bomb is discovered on the front porch of the Kings’ house.

April 2011 SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SMTWT FS Important dates this month: 12 “We must remember that intelligence is not enough. Intelligence plus character – that 3456789 is the goal of true education. The complete education gives one not only power of 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 concentration but worthy objectives upon which to concentrate. The broad education 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 will, therefore, transmit to one not only the accumulated knowledge of the race but also 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 the accumulated experience of social living.” Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. “The Purpose of Education,” Maroon Tiger June 2011 SMTWT FS 1234 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 567891011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Asian Pacifi c Heritage Month begins

Yom Hashoah begins at sundown Yom Hashoah U.S. (Holocaust Remembrance Day) National Teachers’ Day 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 KING ACROSS OHIO Mother’s Day Yom Ha’atzma’ut begins at sundown Yom Ha’atzma’ut 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

CLEVELAND Brown v. Board of Education ruling to end segregation in schools (1954) HEIGHTS May 14, 1963 Dr. King delivers “Give Us the Ballot” speech Yolanda Denise King, the Kings’ eldest daughter, at National Prayer Pilgrimage, Lincoln passes away in Santa Monica, Calif. (2007) Memorial, Washington, D.C. (1957) Malcolm X’s birthday (1925) Armed Forces Day Dr. King speaks to the Episcopal Society for 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Christi an and Racial Unity at St. Paul’s Episcopal Church. He discusses the Lag B’Omer Victoria Day African Liberation Day nonviolent protests in Birmingham, Ala. 29 30 31

Memorial Day 2011 June Juin - Junio 1958 │ Dr. King is arrested on a charge of loitering (later changed to “failure to obey an offi cer”) in the vicinity of the Montgomery Recorder’s Court. He is released on $100 bond.

May 2011 SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SMTWT FS 1234567 Important dates this month: 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 “To believe in does not mean that violence will not be infl icted upon you. 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 The believer in nonviolence is the person who will willingly allow himself to be the 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 victim of violence, but he will never infl ict it upon another. He lives by the conviction 29 30 31 that through his suffering and cross bearing the social situation may be redeemed.” Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. “Advice for Living,” Ebony Magazine, October 1958 July 2011 SMTWT FS 12 1 2 3 4 3456789 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

5 6 7 8109 11 KING ACROSS Presidential candidate Sen. Robert Kennedy assassinated in Los Angeles, Calif. and dies OHIO the next day (1968) World Environment Day beings at sundown Shavuot Shavuot 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

WILBERFORCE

1964 Dr. King launches Summer Community Organization and Political Education project Civil Rights activist Medgar Evers Thurgood Marshall appointed to U.S. (SCOPE) and trains 500 students to register Martin Luther King, Jr. marries Coretta Scott Dr. King gives the assassinated (1963) Supreme Court (1967) voters in fi ve southern states (1965) (1953) commencement 22 23 24 25 address at Wilberforce 19 20 21 University.

Father’s Day

Juneteenth (African American ) Summer begins 26 27 28 29 30

Alberta Williams King, mother of Dr. King, shot and killed playing organ in Ebenezer Baptist Church, Atlanta, Ga. (1974) 2011 July Juillet - Julio 1960 │ Dr. King is acquitted of a tax evasion charge by an all-white jury in Montgomery, Ala.

June 2011 SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SMTWT FS 1234 Important dates this month: 567891011 “Human progress is neither automatic nor inevitable. Even a superfi cial look at 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 history reveals that no social advance rolls in on the wheels of inevitability. Every 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 step toward the goal of justice requires sacrifi ce, suffering, and struggle: the tireless 26 27 28 29 30 exertions and passionate concern of dedicated individuals… .” Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Stride Toward Freedom August 2011 SMTWT FS 123456 1 2 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Canada Day 3 4 5 687 9 KING ACROSS

OHIO 14th Amendment granting African Americans Independence Day citizenship ratifi ed (1868) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

WEST BERLIN September 1964

Dr. King and the Rev. visit 17 18 20 21 22 23 West Berlin at the 19 invitati on of Mayor Willy Brandt. Alfred Daniel King, Dr. King’s younger brother, is found drowned in his own pool, Nelson Mandela, president of South Africa Atlanta, Ga. (Family members doubt it was and political activist, born (1918) an accident.) (1969) 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

31 Alfred Daniel King born in Atlanta, Ga. (1930) 2011 August Août - Agosto 1961 │ Dr. King visits Albany, Ga., in response to a call from Dr. W. G. Anderson, the leader of the Albany Movement, to desegregate public facilities.

July 2011 SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SMTWT FS 12 Important dates this month: 3456789 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 “It’s not merely an emotional something. Love is creative, understanding 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 goodwill for all men. It is refusal to defeat any individual.” 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. “Loving Your Enemies”

September 2011 SMTWT FS 123 1 2 3 4 5 6 45678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

President Lyndon Johnson signs Voting begins Rights Act of 1965 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 KING ACROSS OHIO Tisha B’Av begins at sundown Tisha B’Av 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

OBERLIN Oct. 22, 1964

Dr. King speaks to 2,500 students at 21 22 24 25 26 27 Oberlin College. His 23 speech is ti tled “The

Future of Integrati on.” King Center spearheads 20th Anniversary of the March on Washington (1983)

International Day for the Remembrance of the MLK Federal Holiday Commission established Slave Trade and its Abolition Women’s Equality (Suffrage) Day (1984) 28 29 30 31

Thurgood Marshall was confi rmed as the fi rst Black justice on the U.S. Supreme Court (1967) The Great March on Washington and Dr. King’s “I Have a Dream” Speech (1963) Ramadan ends 2011 September Septembre - Septiembre 1964 │ Dr. King has an audience with Pope Paul VI at the Vatican.

August 2011 SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SMTWT FS 123456 Important dates this month: 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 “Oppressed people cannot remain oppressed forever. The yearning for freedom 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 eventually manifests itself, and that is what happened to the American Negro.” 28 29 30 31 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. “Letter from the Birmingham Jail”

October 2011 SMTWT FS 1 1 2 3 2345678 9 101112131415 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

4 5 6 798 10 KING ACROSS

OHIO Desegregation of Little Rock Central High School (1957) International Literacy Day 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

DAYTON Willie Christine King Farris, Dr. King’s older Nov. 29, 1964 sister, born in Atlanta, Ga. (1927) Patriots Day Alberta Williams King, Dr. King’s mother, Hispanic Heritage Month begins Dr. King speaks to Grandparents Day born in Atlanta, Ga. (1904) 9/15 - 10/15 more than 6,200 18 19 21 22 23 24 people in the 20 University of Dayton fi eld house about

the systems of Colin Powell becomes the military’s highest- Autumn begins segregati on. ranking Black as chair of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (1989) 25 2627 28 29 30

Rosh HaShanah begins at sundown Rosh HaShanah 2011 October Octobre - Octubre 1966 │ An antiwar statement by Dr. King is read at a large Washington rally to protest the war in Vietnam. Dr. King agrees to serve as a co-chairman of Clergy and Laymen Concerned About Vietnam.

September 2011 SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SMTWT FS 123 Important dates this month: 45678910 “We must see that peace represents a sweeter music, a cosmic melody that is far 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 superior to the discords of war. … If we have the will and determination to mount such 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 a peace offensive, we will unlock hitherto tightly sealed doors of hope and bring new 25 26 27 28 29 30 light into the dark chambers of pessimism.” Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Where Do We Go From Here November 2011 SMTWT FS 12345 1 6789101112 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

2 3 4 576 8 KING ACROSS

OHIO King Center initiates Gandhi birthday observance, opens Gandhi exhibit (1983) begins at sundown Yom Kippur 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

President Jimmy Carter signs legislation MANSFIELD establishing Martin Luther King, Jr. National Oct. 10, 1965 Historic Site and Preservation District (1980)

Dr. King speaks at a Thanksgiving (Canada) Sukkot begins at sundown Sukkot - First Day Sukkot - Second Day celebrati on at Mount 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Hermon Bapti st Church honoring his uncle, the Rev. Joel L. King, Sr., for his fi ft h year of service King Center breaks ground for Freedom Sukkot Hall Complex (1979) Sukkot at the church. National Bosses’ Day Sukkot Sukkot Shemini Atzeret begins at sundown Shimchat Torah begins at sundown Shimchat Torah 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 The Kings’ second child, passes away in Martin Luther III, born in Detroit, Mich. (2005) Montgomery, Ala. (1957) United Nations Day 30 31 2011 November Novembre - Noviembre 1967 │ Dr. King announces the formation by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference of a Poor People’s Campaign, with the aim of representing the problems of poor blacks and whites.

October 2011 SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SMTWT FS 1 Important dates this month: 2345678 9 101112131415 “We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly.” 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. 30 31 “Letter from the Birmingham Jail”

December 2011 SMTWT FS 123 1 2 3 4 5 45678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

All Saints Day

Native American Heritage Month begins All Souls Day 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 KING ACROSS Rev. Martin Luther King, Sr. passes away in OHIO Atlanta, Ga. (1984) Daylight Saving Time ends Election Day 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

YELLOW SPRINGS The Kings’ fi rst child, Yolanda Denise, born in 1965 Montgomery, Ala. (1955)

Dr. and Mrs. King re-interred together in Dr. King gives the private ceremony (2006) commencement 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 address at Anti och College.

Dr. and Mrs. King re-interred together in President John F. Kennedy is assassinated in public ceremony (2006) Dallas, Texas (1963) Thanksgiving 27 28 29 30 2011 December Décembre - Diciembre 1968 │ Dr. King delivers his last speech, “I’ve Been to the Mountain Top,” at Mason Temple in Memphis, Tenn.

November 2011 SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SMTWT FS 12345 Important dates this month: 6789101112 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 “Nonviolence is ultimately a way of life that men live by because of the sheer 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 morality of its claim.” 27 28 29 30 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Stride Toward Freedom

January 2012 SMTWT FS 1234567 1 2 3 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Rosa Parks arrested in Montgomery, Ala., for 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 refusing to give up her seat on a segregated 29 30 31 city bus (1955)

Rosa Parks Day (Ohio)

World AIDS Day 4 5 6 798 10 KING ACROSS

OHIO Dr. King receives Nobel Peace Prize in Montgomery bus boycott begins (1955) 13th Amendment abolishes slavery (1865) Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day Oslo, Norway (1964) 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

ADA Jan. 12, 1968

Dr. King speaks to 3,000 students, faculty 18 19 21 22 23 24 and others at Ohio 20 Northern University’s weekly chapel service

at the invitati on of the Montgomery bus boycott ends (1956) Winter begins university chaplain, Dr. Rev. Martin Luther King, Sr. born in Stockbridge, Ga. (1899) begins at sundown Hanukkah Hanukkah Hanukkah Hanukkah James “Jim” Udy. 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Hanukkah Hanukkah New Year’s Eve Christmas Hanukkah Second Day of Kwanzaa/Kujichagulia Third Day of Kwanzaa/Ujima Fourth Day of Kwanzaa/Ujamaa Sixth Day of Kwanzaa/Kuumba Hanukkah First Day of Kwanzaa/Umoja (Unity) (Self-Determination) (Collective Work and Responsibility) (Cooperative Economics) Fifth Day of Kwanzaa/Nia (Purpose) (Creativity) A Chronology of the Life of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

1929 1955 Feb. 14 - Dr. King establishes the Sept. 20 - Dr. King is stabbed in the Shaw University in Raleigh, N.C., on Dec. 16 - Dr. King is arrested at an Jan. 15 - Michael King, later known as June 5 - King, Jr. is awarded his Southern Christian Leadership chest by Izola Curry, who is subsequently a temporary basis. The committee Albany, Ga., demonstration. He is Martin Luther King, Jr., is born to the Rev. doctorate in systematic theology from Conference (SCLC) to fi ght for civil rights alleged to be mentally deranged. The becomes a permanent organization charged with obstructing the sidewalk Martin Luther King, Sr. and Mrs. Alberta Boston University in Boston, Mass. and against segregation. He is elected as stabbing occurs in Harlem, N.Y., while in October 1960. Dr. King and James and parading without a permit. Christine Williams King in Atlanta, Ga. the group’s fi rst president. Dr. King is autographing his recently Lawson are the keynote speakers at the Nov. 17 - The Kings’ fi rst child, Yolanda published book. His condition was said to Shaw University founding ceremony. 1962 1935 to 1944 Denise, is born in Montgomery, Ala. Feb. 18 - Dr. King is featured on the be serious but not critical. Feb. 27 - Dr. King is tried and convicted King, Jr. attends David T. Howard cover of Time magazine. May 28 - Dr. King is acquitted by an for leading the December march in Elementary School, Atlanta University Dec. 5 - Dr. King is unanimously 1959 all-white jury of the tax-evasion charge in Albany, Ga. Laboratory School and Booker T. elected president of the Montgomery May 17 - Dr. King delivers the speech, Jan. 30 - Dr. King meets with Walter Montgomery, Ala. Washington High School. Improvement Association at a meeting entitled “Give Us The Ballot,” for Reuther, president of the United Auto May 2 - Dr. King is invited to join the of community leaders. The association the Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom, Workers Union, in Detroit, Mich. June 10 - Dr. King and A. Philip Randolph protests in Birmingham, Ala., about the 1947 organized the successful 381-day bus celebrating the third anniversary of the announce plans for picketing both the city’s segregation system. King, Jr. is licensed to preach with his boycott in Montgomery, Ala., following Supreme Court’s desegregation decision Feb. 2 to March 10 - Dr. and Mrs. King Republican and Democratic National father at the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Rosa Parks’ arrest on Dec. 1, 1955, for at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, spend a month in India studying Gandhi’s Conventions. July 27 - Dr. King is arrested in Albany, Atlanta, Ga. her refusal to give up her bus seat in D.C. techniques of nonviolence as guests of Ga., at a city hall prayer vigil and jailed defi ance of Jim Crow (segregation) laws. Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. Dr. June 24 - Dr. King has a conference on charges of failure to obey a police 1948 June 13 - Dr. King meets with U.S. Vice King resigns as pastor of Dexter Avenue with U.S. presidential candidate John F. offi cer, obstructing the sidewalk and At age 19, King, Jr. graduates with a 1956 President Richard M. Nixon. Baptist Church to focus full-time on the Kennedy about issues pertaining to race. disorderly conduct. bachelor of arts degree in sociology Jan. 26 - Dr. King is arrested on a civil rights movement. from Morehouse College in Atlanta, Ga., charge of traveling 30-miles-per-hour in Oct. 23 - A second child, Martin Luther III, Oct. 19 - After lunch counter sit-ins Sept. 23 - Dr. King dedicates Mount where he enrolled at age 15. a 25-mile-per-hour zone in Montgomery, is born to Dr. and Mrs. King. Nov. 22 - Dr. King delivers the sermon begin in Greensboro, N.C., Dr. King is Hermon Baptist Church, the newly Ala. He is released on his own at Union Grove Baptist Church in arrested during a sit-in while waiting to be constructed church of his uncle, the Rev. September - Martin Luther King, Jr. recognizance. 1958 Columbus, Ohio, as part of the church’s served at an Atlanta restaurant. Although Joel L. King, Sr. in Mansfi eld, Ohio. enters Crozer Theological Seminary in June 23 - Dr. King, along with Roy 71st anniversary celebration. Dr. King sentenced to four months for violating the Chester, Pa. After hearing Dr. A.J. Muste Jan. 30 - A bomb is thrown onto the porch Wilkins of the National Association for often visited Columbus, where he state’s trespassing law, he is released Oct. 16 - Dr. King meets with U.S. and Dr. Mordecai W. Johnson preach of Dr. King’s Montgomery home. Mrs. the Advancement of Colored People participated in worship and fellowship after Kennedy and his brother and President John F. Kennedy at the White on the life and teachings of Mahatma King is in the house with baby Yolanda (NAACP), A. Philip Randolph and Lester activities at Union Grove Baptist Church. campaign manager Robert intervene. House for a one-hour conference. Gandhi, he begins to study the teachings Denise. No one is injured. A crowd Granger meet with U.S. President Dwight During his visits, he stayed at the home of Gandhi. gathers and calls for violent retaliation. D. Eisenhower. of Union Grove’s pastor, the Rev. Phale Oct. 22 to 27 - The trespassing charges 1963 Dr. King urges nonviolence. D. Hale, and his wife, Cleo Hale. are dropped. All jailed demonstrators March 28 - The King’s fourth child, 1951 Sept. 3 - Dr. King is arrested on a charge were released except Dr. King, who is Bernice Albertine, is born. May 6 to 8 - King, Jr. graduates from Feb. 21 - Dr. King is indicted with other of loitering (later changed to “failure to 1960 held on a charge of violating a probated Crozer Theological Seminary in fi gures in the Montgomery bus boycott on obey an offi cer”) in the vicinity of the Jan. 24 - The King family moves to sentence in a traffi c arrest case. He is March to April - Sit-in demonstrations Pennsylvania with a bachelor of divinity the charge of being party to a conspiracy Montgomery Recorder’s Court. He is Atlanta, Ga., to allow Dr. King to devote transferred to the DeKalb County Jail in are held in Birmingham, Ala., to protest degree. to hinder and prevent the operation of released on $100 bond. more time to the SCLC. Dr. King Decatur, Ga., and is then transferred to segregation of eating facilities. Dr. King business without “just or legal cause.” becomes co-pastor, with his father, of the the Reidsville State Prison on a $2,000 is arrested. 1953 Sept. 4 - After pleading not guilty, Dr. Ebenezer Baptist Church. bond. June 18 - King, Jr. marries Coretta Scott Aug. 10 - Dr. King is a speaker before King is convicted on the charge of April 16 - Dr. King writes the “Letter From in Marion, Ala. the platform committee of the Democratic failure to obey an offi cer. Despite Dr. Feb. 17 - A warrant is issued for Dr. 1961 Birmingham Jail” while imprisoned for Party in Chicago, Ill. King’s objections, the fi ne is paid almost King’s arrest on charges that he falsifi ed Jan. 30 - A third child, Dexter Scott, is demonstrating against the segregation of 1954 immediately by Montgomery Police his 1956 and 1958 state income born to Dr. and Mrs. King in Atlanta, Ga. eating facilities. Oct. 31 - The Rev. King, Sr. installs 1957 Commissioner Clyde C. Sellers. tax returns. Martin Luther King, Jr. as the 20th pastor Jan. 27 - An unexploded bomb is Dec. 15 - Dr. King arrives in Albany, June - Dr. King’s book “Strength To Love” is of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in discovered on the front porch of the Sept. 17 - Dr. King’s book “Stride Toward April 15 - The Student Nonviolent Ga., in response to a call from Dr. W.G. published by Harper & Row. Montgomery, Ala. Kings’ house. Freedom: The Montgomery Story” is Coordinating Committee is founded Anderson, the leader of the Albany published by Harper & Row. to coordinate student protests at Movement, to desegregate public facilities. A Chronology of the Life of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. (cont.) Notes:

Aug. 28 - The March on Washington, July - Dr. King visits Chicago, Ill. SCLC 1967 April 4 - Dr. King is assassinated by a 2006 the fi rst large, integrated protest march, joins with the Coordinating Council of January - Dr. King writes his book “Where single rifl e shot to the head and neck. He Jan. 14 - Coretta Scott King makes is held in Washington, D.C. Dr. King Community Organizations, led by Al Do We Go From Here?” while in Jamaica. was killed while standing on the balcony the last speech of her life at “Salute to delivers his “I Have A Dream” speech Raby, in the Chicago Project. of the Lorraine Hotel in Memphis. He had Greatness” dinner. on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. March 25 - Dr. King attacks the U.S. left his room to greet visitors who had Afterward, he and other civil rights Oct. 10 - Dr. King speaks at a celebration government’s Vietnam policy in a speech assembled in the parking lot below. Jan. 30 - Coretta Scott King dies from leaders meet with President Kennedy in at Mount Hermon Baptist Church in at the Chicago Coliseum. respiratory failure due to complications the White House. Mansfi eld, Ohio, honoring his uncle, the April 9 - Hundreds of thousands of people after a serious stroke and cancer. Rev. Joel L. King, Sr., for his fi fth year of April 4 - Dr. King makes a statement attend funeral services for Dr. King in 1964 service at the church. about the war in Vietnam, “Beyond Atlanta, Ga. 2007 May to June - Dr. King joins other SCLC Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence,” at May 15 - Yolanda Denise King, the oldest workers in a demonstration for the 1966 Riverside Church in New York City. 1980 child of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and integration of public accommodations in Jan. 22 - Dr. King moves into a Chicago October - Martin Luther King, Jr. National Coretta Scott King dies. St. Augustine, Fla. He is arrested and slum tenement to attract attention to the July 26 - Black leaders Dr. King, A. Philip Historical Site established in Atlanta. Site jailed. living conditions of the poor. Randolph, Roy Wilkins and Whitney includes his birthplace, Ebenezer Church 2008 Young appeal for an end to the riots, and the King Center. May 25 - Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and June - Dr. King’s book “Why We Can’t Wait” Feb. 23 - Dr. King meets with Elijah “which have proved ineffective and Coretta Scott Kings’ fi rst grandchild is is published by Harper & Row. Muhammad, leader of the Black damaging to the civil rights cause and the 1983 born to Martin Luther King III and his Muslims, in Chicago. entire nation.” Jan. 18 - Following passage of Public wife, Arndrea. They name their daughter July 2 - Dr. King attends the signing of Law 98-144, U.S. President Ronald Yolanda after his late sister. the Civil Rights Act of 1964 at the White Spring - Dr. King tours Alabama to help Oct. 30 - The Supreme Court upholds the Reagan signs a proclamation declaring House, where the law was signed by elect Black candidates. The Alabama contempt-of-court convictions against Dr. the third Monday in January of each year 2009 U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson. primary election is held, and for the fi rst King and seven other Black leaders who a public holiday in honor of the birthday Oct. 29 - Bernice King, youngest time since Reconstruction Blacks vote in led the 1963 marches in Birmingham, of Dr. King. daughter of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. September - Dr. King and the Rev. Ralph signifi cant numbers. Ala. Dr. King and his aides enter jail to and Coretta Scott King, elected president Abernathy visit West Berlin, Ohio, at the serve four-day sentences. 1985 of the Southern Christian Leadership invitation of Mayor Willy Brandt. May 16 - Dr. King’s anti-war statement July - Coretta Scott King and three of her Conference. A post once held by her is read at a large Washington, D.C., Nov. 27 - Dr. King announces SCLC’s children are arrested protesting apartheid late father and her brother Martin Luther Sept. 18 - Dr. King has an audience with rally to protest the war in Vietnam. Dr. formation of the Poor People’s Campaign outside the South African embassy in King III. Pope Paul VI at the Vatican. King agrees to serve as a co-chairman to focus on jobs and freedom for Washington, D.C. of Clergy and Laymen Concerned about economically disadvantaged people of Dec. 10 - Dr. King receives the Nobel Vietnam. all races. 1986 For more information Peace Prize in Oslo, Norway. At age 35, Jan. 20 - First national celebration of Dr. he is the youngest person in history to July 10 - Dr. King launches a drive to 1968 King’s birthday as a holiday. about the life and legacy of receive the honor and the second African make Chicago an open city regarding March 28 - Dr. King leads 6,000 Dr. King, please visit: American. housing, which would enable African protesters on a march through downtown 1999 king-raleigh.org/welcome.cfm. Americans to live in any neighborhood. Memphis, Tenn., in support of striking Arizona is the last of the 50 states to 1965 sanitation workers. enact legislation celebrating Dr. King’s Calendar photos are courtesy of the March 21 to 25 - The Selma-Montgomery Aug. 5 - Dr. King is hit by rocks in birthday as a holiday. Rev. Joel L. King, Jr.; Library of Congress; March takes place again, this time led Chicago as he leads a march against April 3 - Dr. King addresses a rally of and Washington, D.C. Martin Luther King, Jr. by Dr. King. More than 3,000 protest discrimination. striking sanitation workers and their December - A jury in Memphis found National Memorial Project Foundation, Inc. marchers leave Selma for a march to supporters in Memphis. He also delivers that a conspiracy existed between a bar The MLK Calendar Committee welcomes Montgomery, Ala., protected by federal Aug. 10 - Dr. King launches a campaign his last speech, entitled “I’ve Been to the owner and others including governmental your suggestions and feedback. To contact the troops. They are joined along the way to end discrimination in housing, Mountaintop,” at the Memphis Masonic agencies in the assassination of Dr. King. committee, please call 614.466.8380 or by a total of 25,000 marchers. Upon employment and education in Chicago. Temple. visit www.das.ohio.gov/eod/mlk. reaching the U.S. Capitol they hear an address by Dr. King. I Have a Dream

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end but a beginning. Those who hope that the Negro in the history of our nation. needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon of hope to millions of Negro There will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. slaves, who had been seared in the fl ames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of to end the long night of their captivity. But one hundred years later, the Negro is still not free. justice emerges. But there is something that I must say to my people who stand on the warm threshold One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacle of segregation which leads into the palace of justice. and the chains of discrimination. In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing in the corners of Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must American society and fi nds himself an exile in his own land. So we have come here today to ever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative dramatize a shameful condition. protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force. The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro In a sense we have come to our nation’s capital to cash a check. When the architects of our great republic community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced wrote the magnifi cent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. They have promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. We cannot walk alone.

This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed to the And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead. We cannot turn back. There inalienable rights of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It is obvious today that America has defaulted are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, “When will you be satisfi ed?” We can never be on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. satisfi ed as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality.

Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check that We can never be satisfi ed as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in has come back marked “insuffi cient funds.” But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfi ed as long as the Negro’s basic refuse to believe that there are insuffi cient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. So we have mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfi ed as long as our children are come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and security of justice. stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating “for whites only.”

We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fi erce urgency of Now. This is not time to We cannot be satisfi ed as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. he has nothing for which to vote. No, no we are not satisfi ed and we will not be satisfi ed until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream. I am not unmindful that some of you have come Now is the time to make real the promise of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate here out of your trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. Some of valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you battered by storms of persecutions and quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. staggered by the winds of police brutality.

Now is the time to make justice a reality to all of God’s children. It would be fatal for the nation to overlook You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is the urgency of the moment and to underestimate the determination of its colored citizens. This sweltering redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, summer of the Negro’s legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our modern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed. Let us not wallow in the valley of despair. I say to you today, my friends, that even though we face the diffi culties of today and tomorrow. I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed. We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal. I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullifi cation; that one day right down in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted and every hill and every mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plains and the crooked places will be made straight and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all fl esh shall see it together.

This is our hope. This is the faith that I will go back to the South with. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to climb up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. This will be the day when all of God’s children will be able to sing with new meaning “My country ‘tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where my fathers died, land of the Pilgrims’ pride, from every mountainside, let freedom ring!” And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true. So let freedom ring from the hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania. Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado. Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California. But not only that, let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia. Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi and every mountainside.

And when this happens, when we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every tenement and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old spiritual, “Free at last, free at last. Thank God Almighty, we are free at last.” A memorial to honor Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. is being constructed in Washington, D.C., about a half-mile from the Lincoln Memorial where Dr. King gave his “I Have a Dream” speech. The memorial will be the fi rst dedicated to an Delivered by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. on Aug. 28, 1963, from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. African American on the National Mall. To learn how you can participate, please visit www.buildthedream.org. Service · Support · Solutions every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of every city, e made plain, and the crooked places will be straight; “and e words of the old Negro spiritual: nsform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony o BuildBudu knowing that we will be free one day. to stand up for freedom together, TodayTo y A BBettere r esh shall see it together.” fl

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