Scanned Image
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
POMOR N News Slett
2016 POMOR Newsletter Issue No 5, February 2016 www.pomor.spbu.ru 16.04.2016 their motivation and zest for action and be Editorial in touch in the future. We wish them good luck for their further development, whether Traditionally by the turn of the year in their career or in their private life. POMOR releases its Newsletter in order to In 2015, POMOR turned 14 years old. We report about its progress during the last already have educated around 90 students, year or two (or even three), to give the which means about 5500 active teaching graduates and students the opportunity to hours in specific modules, without share their experience with the whole counting the courses of the Core Module, POMOR community and its network, to tutorials and self‐learning, performed by introduce the new students, to show them circa 130 lecturers from at least 15 research the wide palette of possibilities during and institutions in Russia and in Germany. Our after the studies, and just to inform its old alumni network connects Europe and range and new friends about how things are to Canada and Australia. We thank all going and to sum up the achievements. partners and organizations which have In 2014 and 2015, our students (POMOR VI, been supporting us during the last 14 years 2013‐2015) cut their teeth in their first and hope to continue this way in the research expeditions aboard POLARSTERN future. (ARK‐XXVIII/4), VIKTOR BUYNITSKY Nadezhda Kakhro (TRANSDRIFT XXII), EUROFLEETS‐2, on the research station in the delta of Lena UPDATE: POMOR graduates from three -
HELIOGRAPH DESCRIPTION: the Heliograph Was a Communications Device Used to Transmit Messages Over Long Distances. It Uses a Mi
HELIOGRAPH DESCRIPTION: The heliograph was a communications device used to transmit messages over long distances. It uses a mirror attached to a surveying device to direct a beam of light to a receiving station. Sunlight is used as the light source. Messages could be sent in any direction during daylight hours. If the sun was in front of the sender, the sun’s rays were reflected directly from the sender to the receiving station. If the sun was behind the sender, a secondary mirror was used to reflect the rays toward the receiving station. A keying system was used to generate the flashes required to transmit messages using the Morse Code. The distance that the signals could be seen depended on several variables. A clear line of sight was required and Heliograph at Fort because of the curvature of the earth, the heliograph stations were Bowie Visitor Center located on the highest convenient point. The clarity of the sky and the size of the mirrors were also significant factors. The maximum range was about 10 miles for each inch of mirror diameter. Under normal conditions using the naked eye, a flash could be seen for about 30 miles, much farther using a telescope. The speed at which messages could be sent was dependent on the proficiency of both the sender and the receiver. EARLY HISYORY: A forerunner to the heliograph, the heliotrope, was developed by Professor Carl Friedrich Gauss of the University of Gottingen in Germany. The heliotrope was used to direct a controlled beam of sunlight to a distant station to be used as a survey marker. -
Battle Management Language: History, Employment and NATO Technical Activities
Battle Management Language: History, Employment and NATO Technical Activities Mr. Kevin Galvin Quintec Mountbatten House, Basing View, Basingstoke Hampshire, RG21 4HJ UNITED KINGDOM [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper is one of a coordinated set prepared for a NATO Modelling and Simulation Group Lecture Series in Command and Control – Simulation Interoperability (C2SIM). This paper provides an introduction to the concept and historical use and employment of Battle Management Language as they have developed, and the technical activities that were started to achieve interoperability between digitised command and control and simulation systems. 1.0 INTRODUCTION This paper provides a background to the historical employment and implementation of Battle Management Languages (BML) and the challenges that face the military forces today as they deploy digitised C2 systems and have increasingly used simulation tools to both stimulate the training of commanders and their staffs at all echelons of command. The specific areas covered within this section include the following: • The current problem space. • Historical background to the development and employment of Battle Management Languages (BML) as technology evolved to communicate within military organisations. • The challenges that NATO and nations face in C2SIM interoperation. • Strategy and Policy Statements on interoperability between C2 and simulation systems. • NATO technical activities that have been instigated to examine C2Sim interoperation. 2.0 CURRENT PROBLEM SPACE “Linking sensors, decision makers and weapon systems so that information can be translated into synchronised and overwhelming military effect at optimum tempo” (Lt Gen Sir Robert Fulton, Deputy Chief of Defence Staff, 29th May 2002) Although General Fulton made that statement in 2002 at a time when the concept of network enabled operations was being formulated by the UK and within other nations, the requirement remains extant. -
The East Greenland Current North of Denmark Strait: Part I'
The East Greenland Current North of Denmark Strait: Part I' K. AAGAARD AND L. K. COACHMAN2 ABSTRACT.Current measurements within the East Greenland Current during winter1965 showed that above thecontinental slope there were large on-shore components of flow, probably representing a westward Ekman transport. The speed did not decrease significantly with depth, indicatingthat the barotropic mode domi- nates the flow. Typical current speeds were10 to 15 cm. sec.-l. The transport of the current during winter exceeds 35 x 106 m.3 sec-1. This is an order of magnitude greater than previous estimates and, although there may be seasonal fluctuations in the transport, it suggests that the East Greenland Current primarily represents a circulation internal to the Greenland and Norwegian seas, rather than outflow from the central Polarbasin. RESUME. Lecourant du Groenland oriental au nord du dbtroit de Danemark. Aucours de l'hiver de 1965, des mesures effectukes danslecourant du Groenland oriental ont montr6 que sur le talus continental, la circulation comporte d'importantes composantes dirigkes vers le rivage, ce qui reprksente probablement un flux vers l'ouest selon le mouvement #Ekman. La vitesse ne diminue pas beau- coup avec laprofondeur, ce qui indique que le mode barotropique domine la circulation. Les vitesses typiques du courant sont de 10 B 15 cm/s-1. Au cows de l'hiver, le debit du courant dkpasse 35 x 106 m3/s-1. Cet ordre de grandeur dkpasse les anciennes estimations et, malgrC les fluctuations saisonnihres possibles, il semble que le courant du Groenland oriental correspond surtout B une circulation interne des mers du Groenland et de Norvhge, plut6t qu'8 un Bmissaire du bassin polaire central. -
JOTA Activity Booklet KE4TIO
1 2 3 Gulf Ridge Council Pack 415 KE4TIO Alan Wentzell (Operator) Amateur Call Signs Heard and Worked: __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ States Contacted: __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ Countries Contacted: __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ Scouts Present: __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ Akela’s Present: __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ 4 Q Codes The “Q” code was originally developed as a way of sending shorthand messages in Morse Code. However, it is still used by operators for voice communications. Some of those in common use are listed below: QRA What is your call sign? QRM I have interference (manmade). QRN I am receiving static (atmospheric noise). QRT I am closing -
1 めざせ 1 級! 英語上級者への道 ~Listen and Speak Ⅱ~ 第 7 回
めざせ 1 級! 英語上級者への道 ~Listen and Speak Ⅱ~ 第 7 回 モールス信号 Script ■Dialogue for Introduction E: Hello, Tets. Thanks for posting so many photos of your wonderful journey to Europe on Facebook. I felt as if I were traveling with you on the continent. T: Yes, with social networks we now have almost instant communication. That’s a far cry from the days of snail mail. E: Indeed it is. But you know, Tets, there were some important interim communication technologies along the way. For example, do you know the origin of the acronym “SOS”? T: Ah! Dot dot dot /dash dash dash/ dot dot dot! That is one of the most famous acronyms represented by the telegraph code system developed by Samuel Morse in 1836. That system was also implemented later in radio broadcasting. “Save Oh Save” or perhaps “Save Our Souls”…there is some debate as to the original meaning! There was, however, Edward, an earlier version of this call for distress! Did you know that, my friend? E: Indeed I do! The original code was CQD! It may have meant “Come quickly: Distress!” But the dots and dashes used to indicate it were too long and… T: Stop! We will have to send a real distress call if we spill the beans about our lesson too soon! Let’s give our listeners a chance to experience this article for themselves. E: A fine idea! Let’s signal the start of this month’s study! T&E: Pip-pip-pip…pip-pip. ■Listen to the passage and answer the questions that follow. -
Safety and Alarming Applications Using ISA100 Wireless
Safety and alarming applications using ISA100 Wireless Yokogawa Electric Corporation Toshi Hasegawa 1 March 2016 Presenter Toshi Hasegawa is a Manager of standard department, Marketing Head quarters. Toshi has been working for Yokogawa Electric Corporation for 27 years, and he has worked for development of Distributed Control Systems (DCS). His current activity is mainly on standardization and marketing of industrial wireless network. 2 The History of Radio • Marconi had an early interest in science, and was especially interested in the work of Hertz • He quickly realized the potential of wireless transmission and filed a British patent – Awarded on 2nd July 1897, GB12039 • At 12:00pm on the 12th December 1901 Marconi sent and received the first Transatlantic radio transmission 3 The History of Radio • On Sunday evening 14th April 1912 the largest passenger ship in the world, Titanic struck an iceberg • The radio operators onboard were employed by Marconi International Marine • They sent a distress signal alerting the world and the Carpathia "CQD CQD SOS Titanic Position 41.44 N 50.24 W.·······” • Radio had proven it worth… Wireless safety application has been started over 100 years ago.. 4 Today’s topics 1) Motivation of wireless for plant safety 2) Benefits 3) Key requirements 4) ISA100 Wireless solutions 5) Applications 6) Summary 5 Motivation of adopting wireless for safety • Preventive measures – Process condition / status monitoring: Temperatures / Pressures / Flows / Levels / etc. – Asset condition monitoring: Vibration / Corrosion / Temperature / etc. • Accident avoidance / Limit the extent of damages – Alarm / Warning: Gas leak detection / Safety shower detection /Tsunami detection – Emergency shutdown: Remote valve control for safety mode • Human safety – People tracking on site / Communication to navigate for evacuation / etc. -
Titanic Lessons.Indd
Lee AWA Review Titanic - Lessons for Emergency Communica- tions 2012 Bartholomew Lee Author She went to a freezing North Atlantic grave a hundred years ago, April 15, 1912, hav- By Bartholomew ing slit her hull open on an iceberg she couldn’t Lee, K6VK, Fellow avoid. Her story resonates across time: loss of of the California life, criminal arrogance, heroic wireless opera- Historical Radio tors, and her band playing on a sinking deck, Society, copyright serenading the survivors, the dying and the dead 2012 (no claim to as they themselves faced their own cold wet images) but any demise. The S.S. Titanic is the ship of legend.1 reasonable use The dedication to duty of the Marconi wire- may be made of less operators, Jack Phillips and Harold Bride, this note, respect- is both documented and itself legendary.2 Phil- ing its authorship lips stuck to his key even after Captain Edward and integrity, in Smith relieved him and Bride of duty as the ship furtherance of bet- sank. Phillips’ SOS and CQD signals brought the ter emergency com- rescue ships, in particular the S.S. Carpathia. munications. Phillips died of exposure in a lifeboat; Bride Plese see the survived.3 author description This note will present some of the Marconi at the end of the wireless messages of April 14. Any kind of work article, Wireless -- under stress is challenging. In particular stress its Evolution from degrades communications, even when effective Mysterious Won- communications can mean life or death. Art der to Weapon of Botterel4 once summed it up: “Stress makes you War, 1902 to 1905, stupid.” The only protection is training. -
Using Coding to Improve Localization and Backscatter Communication Performance in Low-Power Sensor Networks
Using Coding to Improve Localization and Backscatter Communication Performance in Low-Power Sensor Networks by Itay Cnaan-On Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University Date: Approved: Jeffrey Krolik, Co-supervisor Robert Calderbank, Co-supervisor Matthew Reynolds Henry Pfister Loren Nolte Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering in the Graduate School of Duke University 2016 Abstract Using Coding to Improve Localization and Backscatter Communication Performance in Low-Power Sensor Networks by Itay Cnaan-On Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University Date: Approved: Jeffrey Krolik, Co-supervisor Robert Calderbank, Co-supervisor Matthew Reynolds Henry Pfister Loren Nolte An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering in the Graduate School of Duke University 2016 Copyright c 2016 by Itay Cnaan-On All rights reserved except the rights granted by the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial Licence Abstract Backscatter communication is an emerging wireless technology that recently has gained an increase in attention from both academic and industry circles. The key innovation of the technology is the ability of ultra-low power devices to utilize nearby existing radio signals to communicate. As there is no need to generate their own ener- getic radio signal, the devices can benefit from a simple design, are very inexpensive and are extremely energy efficient compared with traditional wireless communica- tion. These benefits have made backscatter communication a desirable candidate for distributed wireless sensor network applications with energy constraints. -
Visible Light Communication (VLC), Application Scenarios and Demonstrations in the Various Are Presented in This Document
March 2008 doc.: IEEE 802.15-<08/0114-02> Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [Visible Light Communication : Tutorial] Date Submitted: [9 March 2008] Source: [(1)Eun Tae Won, Dongjae Shin, D.K. Jung, Y.J. Oh, Taehan Bae, Hyuk-Choon Kwon, Chihong Cho, Jaeseung Son, (2) Dominic O’Brien (3)Tae-Gyu Kang (4) Tom Matsumura] Company [(1)Samsung Electronics Co.,LTD, (2)University of Oxford, (3)ETRI (4) VLCC (28 Members)] Address [(1)Dong Suwon P.O. Box 105, 416 Maetan-3dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 443-742 Korea, (2) Wellington Square, Oxford, OX1 2JD, United Kingdom, (3) 161 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-700, Korea] Voice:[(1)82-31-279-5613,(3)82-42-860-5232], FAX: [(1)82-31-279-5130], E-Mail:[(1)[email protected], (2) [email protected], (3)[email protected]] Re: [] Abstract: [The overview of the visible light communication (VLC), application scenarios and demonstrations in the various are presented in this document. The research issues, which should be discussed in the near future, also are presented.] Purpose: [Tutorial to IEEE 802.15] Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. -
Morse Code and the Information Age Morse Code, Invented by Samuel F. B. Morse in the 1830S, Is a Method of Transmitting Textual
Morse Code and the Information Age Morse code, invented by Samuel F. B. Morse in the 1830s, is a method of transmitting textual information as a series of on-off tones, lights, or clicks that can be directly understood by a skilled listener or observer without special equipment. The International Morse Code encodes the Roman alphabet, the Arabic numerals and a small set of punctuation and procedural signals. The original telegraph system had an apparatus on the receiving end that spat out a string of paper with indentations on it. Short indentations were called “dots” or “dits,” and the longer ones “dashes” or “dahs.” Because many non-English natural languages use more than the 26 Roman letters, extensions to the Morse alphabet exist for those languages. Morse code has been in use for more than 160 years—longer than any other electrical coding system. What is called Morse code today is actually somewhat different from what was originally developed. The Modern International Morse code, or continental code, was created by Friedrich Clemens Gerke in 1848 and initially used for telegraphy between Hamburg and Cuxhaven in Germany. Gerke changed nearly half of the alphabet and all of the numerals resulting substantially in the modern form of the code. After some minor changes, International Morse Code was standardized at the International Telegraphy Congress in 1865 in Paris, and was later made the standard by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Samuel Morse's original code specification, largely limited to use in the United States and Canada, became known as American Morse code or railroad code. -
“R.M.S. Titanic” Hanson W
“R.M.S. Titanic” Hanson W. Baldwin I The White Star liner Titanic, largest ship the world had ever known, sailed from Southampton on her maiden voyage to New York on April 10, 1912. The paint on her strakes was fair and bright; she was fresh from Harland and Wolff’s Belfast yards, strong in the strength of her forty-six thousand tons of steel, bent, hammered, shaped, and riveted through the three years of her slow birth. There was little fuss and fanfare at her sailing; her sister ship, the Olympic—slightly smaller than the Titanic— had been in service for some months and to her had gone the thunder of the cheers. But the Titanic needed no whistling steamers or shouting crowds to call attention to her superlative qualities. Her bulk dwarfed the ships near her as longshoremen singled up her mooring lines and cast off the turns of heavy rope from the dock bollards. She was not only the largest ship afloat, but was believed to be the safest. Carlisle, her builder, had given her double bottoms and had divided her hull into sixteen watertight compartments, which made her, men thought, unsinkable. She had been built to be and had been described as a gigantic lifeboat. Her designers’ dreams of a triple-screw giant, a luxurious, floating hotel, which could speed to New York at twenty-three knots, had been carefully translated from blueprints and mold loft lines at the Belfast yards into a living reality. The Titanic’s sailing from Southampton, though quiet, was not wholly uneventful.