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Descargar El Archivo REVISTA DEL MUSEO DE LA PLATA 2021, Volumen 6, Número 1: 26-124 Lista comentada de las serpientes de la Argentina, con referencias a su sistemática, distribución geográfica, dieta, reproducción, potencial peligrosidad y etimologías Jorge Daniel Williams1,2 , David Gustavo Vera1,2 & Diego Omar Di Pietro1,2 1Sección Herpetología, División Zoología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina REVISTA DEL MUSEO DE LA PLATA / 2021, Volumen 6, Número 1: 26-124 / ISSN 2545-6377 / https://doi.org/10.24215/25456377e142 ISSN2545-6377 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE LA PLATA - FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS NATURALES Y MUSEO Revista del Museo de La Plata 2021 Volumen 6, Número 1 (enero-junio): 26-124 Lista comentada de las serpientes de la Argentina, con referencias a su sistemática, distribución geográfica, dieta, reproducción, potencial peligrosidad y etimologías Jorge Daniel Williams1,2, David Gustavo Vera1,2 & Diego Omar Di Pietro1,2 1Sección Herpetología, División Zoología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina RESUMEN. Los censos de fauna son fundamentales para conservar la biodiversidad de una región o área determinada. Además, frente a problemáticas de conservación de los ecosistemas, esto censos nos permiten identificar rápidamente que especies deben ser prioridad para las políticas de conservación. Hace ya casi dos décadas que se publicó la última lista comentada de los ofidios de la Argentina, tiempo en el que se han realizado numerosos y significativos cambios taxonómicos a nivel genérico y específico, y se han descripto además nuevas especies, o se han incluido otras antes indicadas para países limítrofes. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo actualizar el estado sistemático de las serpientes de Argentina y reunir información sobre su alimentación, conservación, datos sobre reproducción, etimología, nombres comunes, cambios taxonómicos, principales síntomas notificados en accidentes con varias culebras y serpientes de importancia médica, como los vipéridos. Para tal propósito, se realizó una extensa revisión bibliográfica sobre las serpientes de Argentina y países limítrofes. Además, se revisaron bases de datos digitales y se incluyeron datos propios no publicados provenientes de revisiones de colecciones herpetológicas y trabajos de campo. Para determinar el estado de conservación, se utilizó la última categorización de las serpientes argentinas y la base de datos digital de la IUCN. Presentamos datos novedosos para ocho familias y 129 especies de serpientes que habitan el territorio argentino. Palabras clave: Herpetología; Reptiles; Serpientes ABSTRACT. An annotated checklist of snakes from Argentina, with references to their systematics, geographical distribution, diet, reproduction, potential danger, and etymologies. Wildlife surveys are essential to conserve the biodiversity of a given region or area. In addition, in the light of ecosystem conservation problems, these surveys allow us to quickly identify which species should be a priority for conservation policies. Almost two decades have gone by since the last commented list of the snakes of Cómo citar este artículo: Williams, J.D., Vera, D.G. & Di Pietro, D.O. Recibido: agosto 2020 (2021) “Lista comentada de las serpientes de la Argentina, con referencias a su Aceptado: diciembre 2020 sistemática, distribución geográfica, dieta, reprod ucción, potencial peligrosidad y Publicado: enero 2021 etimologías”, Revista del Museo de La Plata 6(1), pp. 26-124. https://doi.org/10.24215/25456377e142. Williams, J.D. et al. “Lista comentada de las serpientes de la Argentina” 27 Argentina was published, a period in which numerous and significant taxonomic changes have been made at a generic and specific level, and new species have been described, in addition to the inclusion of others previously recorded only in neighboring countries. This work is intended to update the systematic status of Argentine snakes and assemble information on their feeding habits, conservation, reproduction, etymology, common names, taxonomic changes, and main symptoms reported in accidents involving several colubrids and medically important viperid snakes. For this purpose, we carried out an extensive bibliographic review about Argentina and neighbouring countries snakes. In addition, we reviewed digital databases, and included our own unpublished data from herpetological collections and field work. To determine conservation status, we used the most recent categorization of Argentine snakes and the IUCN digital database. We present novel data for 8 families and 129 snake species that inhabit the Argentine territory. Key words: Herpetology; Reptiles; Serpentes RESUMO. Lista comentada das serpentes da Argentina, com referências à sua sistemática, distribuição geográfica, dieta, reprodução, potencial periculosidade e etimologias. Os censos de fauna são essenciais para conservar a biodiversidade de uma determinada região ou área. Além disso, diante da problemática de conservação dos ecossistemas, esses censos permitem identificar rapidamente quais espécies devem ser prioritárias para as políticas de conservação. Já se passaram quase duas décadas desde que foi publicada a última lista comentada dos ofídios da Argentina, tempo em que foram realizadas numerosas e significativas mudanças taxonômicas em nível genérico e específico, e também foram descritas novas espécies ou incluídas outras previamente indicadas para os países limítrofes. Este trabalho tem como objetivo atualizar a situação sistemática das serpentes da Argentina e reunir informações sobre sua alimentação, conservação, dados sobre reprodução, etimologia, nomes populares, alterações taxonômicas, e principais sintomas relatados em acidentes com várias serpentes de importância médica, como os viperídeos. Para tanto, foi realizada uma extensa revisão bibliográfica sobre as serpentes da Argentina e países limítrofes. Além disso, foram revisados bancos de dados digitais e incluídos dados próprios não publicados, procedentes de revisões de coleções herpetológicas e trabalho de campo. Para determinar o estado de conservação, utilizou-se a última categorização das serpentes argentinas e a base de dados digital da IUCN. Apresentamos dados novos para oito famílias e 129 espécies de serpentes que habitam o território argentino. Palavras-chave: Herpetologia; Répteis; Serpentes Introducción Como manifiestan Ringuelet & Arámburu (1957) los censos faunísticos de un país o región cualquiera constituyen una suerte de “código de la naturaleza”, como paso previo e indispensable para un ensayo racional de aprovechamiento de las riquezas naturales y de su adecuada conservación. De acuerdo con Abalos & Mischis (1975) las primeras referencias a la fauna de serpientes de la República Argentina se remontan al año 1861 cuando Hermann Burmeister enumera los vertebrados del país, en su conocido libro “Reisedurch die La Plata Staaten”. Posteriormente fueron muy importantes los aportes de Julio G. Koslowsky y de Carlos Berg, especialmente los listados de reptiles que ambos publicaron de manera separada más de treinta años después. Koslowsky (1898) menciona en su enumeración de reptiles argentinos 72 especies de serpientes, mientras que Berg (1898) enterado de la inminente publicación de la lista de Koslowsky, ya sin intenciones de hacer un inventario completo, aporta un listado comentado de reptiles de la Argentina y países limítrofes que considera de interés, donde señala unas 40 especies de serpientes, 37 de ellas presentes en nuestro país. Luego, Serié (1921) destacaría que “… la única lista comentada de conjunto, publicada, de ofidios argentinos es la formulada por J. Koslowsky en su trabajo “Enumeración sistemática y distribución geográfica de los reptiles argentinos” …(sic). Ya en el siglo XX, Serié (1915) publica un listado de las serpientes argentinas, ampliando la misma en años posteriores (1921, 1936). En su suplemento de 1915 enumera solo 23 taxones, que corresponden a las especies 28 Revista del Museo de La Plata, 2020, Vol. 6, Núm. 1: 26-124 nuevas descriptas con posterioridad al trabajo de Koslowsky y aquellas especies que se añadieron a la fauna argentina en ese período. Después, en su “Catálogo de los ofidios argentinos”, Serié (1921) vuelve a referirse a la lista de Koslowsky y hace una serie de consideraciones taxonómicas en cuanto a qué especies deben eliminarse, agregarse y modificarse en esta, y presenta un nuevo inventario de 99 especies. Algunos años más tarde, en su “Nueva enumeración sistemática de los ofidios argentinos”, Serié (1936) propone una lista de 90 especies de ofidios para el país, considerando como especies válidas aquellas que en aquel momento eran subespecies, como, por ejemplo, Tomodon ocellatus trigonatus (= Pseudotomodon trigonatus), Liophis miliaris miliaris (= Erythrolamprus miliaris) y Liophis miliaris semiaureus (= Erythrolamprus semiaureus). El año 1970 fue muy importante para el conocimiento de los escamados neotropicales, especialmente de los ofidios, ya que James A. Peters y Braulio Orejas-Miranda publicaron su conocido “Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata, Part I. Snakes”
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