DOCSLIB.ORG

2018 Country Updates

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2018 Country Updates EU ANNUAL REPORT ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEMOCRACY IN THE WORLD 2018 COUNTRY UPDATES Contents Enlargement countries…………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………5 Albania...................................................................................................................................................5 Bosnia and Herzegovina ........................................................................................................................6 The Republic of North Macedonia ........................................................................................................8 Kosovo*1 .................................................................................................................................................9 Montenegro ........................................................................................................................................10 Serbia ..................................................................................................................................................12 Turkey .................................................................................................................................................13 EEA/EFTA Countries and non-EU Western European Countries .......................................................15 Switzerland ..........................................................................................................................................15 Norway ................................................................................................................................................16 Iceland .................................................................................................................................................16 Liechtenstein .......................................................................................................................................18 European Neighbourhood Policy .......................................................................................................18 Armenia ...............................................................................................................................................18 Azerbaijan ............................................................................................................................................20 Belarus .................................................................................................................................................22 Georgia ................................................................................................................................................24 Republic of Moldova ...........................................................................................................................26 Ukraine ................................................................................................................................................28 Egypt ....................................................................................................................................................30 State of Israel .......................................................................................................................................32 Jordan ...................................................................................................................................................34 Lebanon ...............................................................................................................................................36 Libya .....................................................................................................................................................38 Syria ......................................................................................................................................................40 Palestinian Authority (occupied Palestinian territory – oPt) ................................................................42 Kingdom of Morocco ............................................................................................................................44 Western Sahara ....................................................................................................................................46 People's Democratic Republic of Algeria ..............................................................................................47 Republic of Tunisia ................................................................................................................................49 Russia and Central Asia ........................................................................................................................51 Russia ....................................................................................................................................................51 Kazakhstan ............................................................................................................................................53 The Kyrgyz Republic ..............................................................................................................................55 *1 This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with UNSCR 1244/1999 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence. 1 Tajikistan ...............................................................................................................................................57 Turkmenistan ........................................................................................................................................59 Uzbekistan ............................................................................................................................................60 Africa ....................................................................................................................................................62 The African Union (AU) - European Union (EU) ....................................................................................62 Angola ...................................................................................................................................................64 Benin .....................................................................................................................................................67 Republic of Botswana ...........................................................................................................................68 Burkina Faso .........................................................................................................................................70 Burundi .................................................................................................................................................72 Cabo Verde ...........................................................................................................................................74 Cameroon .............................................................................................................................................76 Central African Republic........................................................................................................................78 Union des Comores ..............................................................................................................................80 Republic of Congo ................................................................................................................................82 Chad .....................................................................................................................................................84 Côte d'Ivoire .........................................................................................................................................86 Djibouti .................................................................................................................................................88 Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) ...................................................................................................90 State of Eritrea .....................................................................................................................................91 Eswatini ……………………..........................................................................................................................93 Ethiopia ................................................................................................................................................94 Equatorial Guinea ................................................................................................................................97 Gabon ..................................................................................................................................................99 Ghana .................................................................................................................................................100 Guinea Bissau .....................................................................................................................................102 Guinea ................................................................................................................................................105 Kenya ..................................................................................................................................................107
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Spring Issue 2013 the Guidelines Along with Other Training-Related Jongmin Lee of AOSOR Office
    HONG KONG COLLEGE OF RADIOLOGISTS Spring 2019 NEWSLETTER President’s Jotting Dr. Law Chun Key The RCR automation projects is one of the main creating individual e-Portfolio systems for keeping challenges to our College in running the examination as members’ personal files. The resulting unified system mentioned in my last Jotting. Our College spared no would facilitate future manpower planning and possible effort to ensure that the examination process could be as rotation of trainees among individual Colleges, online smooth as possible. Our examiners, Dr. Danny Cho, Dr. Fellowship Nomination Process of Academy, and even Sherwin Lo and Dr. Rickie Cheng represented the CME/CPD management. College to observe the Autumn sitting of RCR’s Part IIB Examination on 5 – 8 October 2018 and brought back e-cigarettes very useful information. After the Joint Examination last Our College Council wrote to support the Academy in November, our examination team took up even more making press release on misleading campaigns about challenges due to the relocation of the automated e-cigarettes. We agreed that new tobacco products, examination venue from Central to Mongkok. Again, we e-cigarettes & heat-not-burn tobacco products should be made visits after visits to the new site to iron out any fully banned instead of merely regulated. Nevertheless, issues, however trivial, that could affect the standard how we also opined that all forms of tobacco products, we conducted the examination. Eventually the First including conventional & electronic cigarettes and other FRCR Exam in Anatomy on 9 March 2019 was over smoking products, should be totally banned in order to without hiccoughs.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Universal Periodic Review Submission for Samoa Prepared for United Nations Human Rights Council
    Universal Periodic Review Submission for Samoa Prepared for United Nations Human Rights Council: September 2015 2nd cycle of Universal Periodic Review of Samoa 25th session of the Human Rights Council (Apr-May 2016) CULTURAL SURVIVAL Cultural Survival is an international Indigenous rights organization with a global Indigenous leadership and consultative status with ECOSOC. Cultural Survival is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and is registered as a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization in the United States. Cultural Survival monitors the protection of Indigenous Peoples' rights in countries throughout the world and publishes its findings in its magazine, the Cultural Survival Quarterly; and on its website: www.cs.org Submitted by Cultural Survival Cultural Survival 2067 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02140 Tel: 1 (617) 441 5400 [email protected] www.culturalsurvival.org 1 I. Issue Summary: Indigenous Peoples make up roughly 90% of the Samoan population, and therefore Indigenous rights issues are cross-cutting. Samoa participated in the United Nations Small Island Developing States Conference in late 20141 and have showed efforts to maintain Indigenous livelihoods and respect Indigenous knowledge to ensure environmental sustainability. Still, Indigenous Peoples in villages around the island currently find that their well-being is hindered by unpredictable, extreme weather conditions related to the impacts of climate change. II. Background: The nation of Samoa is a small volcanic under-water mountain island in the Pacific Ocean. It is home to strong communities of predominantly Indigenous Peoples. Formerly known as Western Samoa, the small island nation is inhabited by roughly 200,000 people. The country’s capital, Apia, is home to approximately 40,000 residents and is the center for most trade and exchange in the economy.2 The rest of the country is a smattering of villages of which the majority are controlled by familial lineage as is tradition to the Samoan people.
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 Afsol Book.Pdf
    African-Centred Solutions Building Peace and Security in Africa Editors Sunday Okello and Mesfin Gebremichael Copyright © 2016 Institute for Peace and Security Studies, Addis Ababa University Printed in Ethiopia First published: 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electoronic or mechanical including photocopy, recording or inclusion in any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the Institute for Peace and Security Studies. The views expressed in this book are those of the authors. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the Institute. ISBN: 978-99944-943-3-0 Table of Contents Chapter One Introduction by Sunday Angoma Okello ................................................... 1 Chapter Two Interrogating the Concept and Ideal of African-Centred Solution to African Peace and Security Challenges By Amadu Sesay ..................... 21 Chapter Three Enriching the African-Centred Solutions Concept: Reflections on AU-led Peace Support Operations in Sudan and Somalia By Dawit Yohannes ....................................................................................................... 47 Chapter Four South Sudan: Exploring African–Centred Hybrid Sustainable Peacebuilding and Security By Evelyn Mayanja ................................... 75 Chapter Five Statehood, Small Arms and Security Governance in Southwest Ethiopia: The Need for an African-Centred Perspective By Mercy Fekadu Mulugeta ....................................................................................... 103 Chapter Six Understanding Peaceful Coexistence from an Urban Refugee Perspective in Africa: The Case of Uganda By Brenda Aleesi ............ 135 Chapter Seven Civil Society in Conflict Transformation: Key Evidence from Kenya’s Post-election Violence By Caleb Wafula ................................................. 161 Chapter Eight Boko Haram Insurgency and Sustainable Peace in Nigeria and the Lake Chad Region: AU-MNJTF’s Intervention By Naeke Sixtus Mougombe .
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding African Armies
    REPORT Nº 27 — April 2016 Understanding African armies RAPPORTEURS David Chuter Florence Gaub WITH CONTRIBUTIONS FROM Taynja Abdel Baghy, Aline Leboeuf, José Luengo-Cabrera, Jérôme Spinoza Reports European Union Institute for Security Studies EU Institute for Security Studies 100, avenue de Suffren 75015 Paris http://www.iss.europa.eu Director: Antonio Missiroli © EU Institute for Security Studies, 2016. Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged, save where otherwise stated. Print ISBN 978-92-9198-482-4 ISSN 1830-9747 doi:10.2815/97283 QN-AF-16-003-EN-C PDF ISBN 978-92-9198-483-1 ISSN 2363-264X doi:10.2815/088701 QN-AF-16-003-EN-N Published by the EU Institute for Security Studies and printed in France by Jouve. Graphic design by Metropolis, Lisbon. Maps: Léonie Schlosser; António Dias (Metropolis). Cover photograph: Kenyan army soldier Nicholas Munyanya. Credit: Ben Curtis/AP/SIPA CONTENTS Foreword 5 Antonio Missiroli I. Introduction: history and origins 9 II. The business of war: capacities and conflicts 15 III. The business of politics: coups and people 25 IV. Current and future challenges 37 V. Food for thought 41 Annexes 45 Tables 46 List of references 65 Abbreviations 69 Notes on the contributors 71 ISSReportNo.27 List of maps Figure 1: Peace missions in Africa 8 Figure 2: Independence of African States 11 Figure 3: Overview of countries and their armed forces 14 Figure 4: A history of external influences in Africa 17 Figure 5: Armed conflicts involving African armies 20 Figure 6: Global peace index 22 Figure
    [Show full text]
  • United Arab Emirates (Uae)
    Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: United Arab Emirates, July 2007 COUNTRY PROFILE: UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (UAE) July 2007 COUNTRY اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴّﺔ اﻟﻤﺘّﺤﺪة (Formal Name: United Arab Emirates (Al Imarat al Arabiyah al Muttahidah Dubai , أﺑﻮ ﻇﺒﻲ (The seven emirates, in order of size, are: Abu Dhabi (Abu Zaby .اﻹﻣﺎرات Al ,ﻋﺠﻤﺎن Ajman , أ مّ اﻟﻘﻴﻮﻳﻦ Umm al Qaywayn , اﻟﺸﺎرﻗﺔ (Sharjah (Ash Shariqah ,دﺑﻲّ (Dubayy) .رأس اﻟﺨﻴﻤﺔ and Ras al Khaymah ,اﻟﻔﺠﻴﺮة Fajayrah Short Form: UAE. اﻣﺮاﺗﻰ .(Term for Citizen(s): Emirati(s أﺑﻮ ﻇﺒﻲ .Capital: Abu Dhabi City Major Cities: Al Ayn, capital of the Eastern Region, and Madinat Zayid, capital of the Western Region, are located in Abu Dhabi Emirate, the largest and most populous emirate. Dubai City is located in Dubai Emirate, the second largest emirate. Sharjah City and Khawr Fakkan are the major cities of the third largest emirate—Sharjah. Independence: The United Kingdom announced in 1968 and reaffirmed in 1971 that it would end its treaty relationships with the seven Trucial Coast states, which had been under British protection since 1892. Following the termination of all existing treaties with Britain, on December 2, 1971, six of the seven sheikhdoms formed the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The seventh sheikhdom, Ras al Khaymah, joined the UAE in 1972. Public holidays: Public holidays other than New Year’s Day and UAE National Day are dependent on the Islamic calendar and vary from year to year. For 2007, the holidays are: New Year’s Day (January 1); Muharram, Islamic New Year (January 20); Mouloud, Birth of Muhammad (March 31); Accession of the Ruler of Abu Dhabi—observed only in Abu Dhabi (August 6); Leilat al Meiraj, Ascension of Muhammad (August 10); first day of Ramadan (September 13); Eid al Fitr, end of Ramadan (October 13); UAE National Day (December 2); Eid al Adha, Feast of the Sacrifice (December 20); and Christmas Day (December 25).
    [Show full text]
  • The Anglophone Cameroon Crisis: by Jon Lunn and Louisa Brooke-Holland April 2019 Update
    BRIEFING PAPER Number 8331, 17 April 2019 The Anglophone Cameroon crisis: By Jon Lunn and Louisa April 2019 update Brooke-Holland Contents: 1. Overview 2. History and its legacies 3. 2015-17: main developments 4. 2018: main developments 5. Events during 2019 and future prospects 6. Response of Western governments and the UN www.parliament.uk/commons-library | intranet.parliament.uk/commons-library | [email protected] | @commonslibrary 2 The Anglophone Cameroon crisis: April 2019 update Contents Summary 3 1. History and its legacies 5 2. 2015-17: main developments 8 3. 2018: main developments 10 4. Events during 2019 and future prospects 12 5. Response of Western governments and the UN 13 Cover page image copyright: Image 5584098178_709d889580_o – Welcome signs to Santa, gateway to the anglophone Northwest Region, Cameroon, March 2011 by Joel Abroad – Flickr.com page. Licensed by Attribution-Non Commercial-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0)/ image cropped. 3 Commons Library Briefing, 17 April 2019 Summary Relations between the two Anglophone regions of Cameroon and the country’s dominant Francophone elite have long been fraught. Over the past three years, tensions have escalated seriously and since October 2017 violent conflict has erupted between armed separatist groups and the security forces, with both sides being accused of committing human rights abuses. The tensions originate in a complex and contested decolonisation process in the late-1950s and early-1960s, in which Britain, as one of the colonial powers, was heavily involved. Federal arrangements were scrapped in 1972 by a Francophone- dominated central government. Many English-speaking Cameroonians have long complained that they are politically, economically and linguistically marginalised.
    [Show full text]
  • Djibouti 2013 Human Rights Report
    DJIBOUTI 2013 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Djibouti is a republic with a strong elected president and a weak legislature. In 2010 parliament amended the constitution to remove term limits, facilitating the April 2011 reelection of President Ismail Omar Guelleh for a third term. While legislative elections held February 22 included participation by opposition parties for the first time in 10 years, the opposition rejected the vote as flawed, and disputes over official results fueled months of protest. Opposition leaders boycotted the National Assembly and formed a shadow parliament. International observers from the African Union, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, and the Arab League characterized the elections as free and fair, an assessment disputed both domestically and internationally. Authorities maintained effective control over security forces. Security forces committed human rights abuses. Disputes over official results fueled months of protest by opposition leaders and supporters. The government’s use of excessive force to disperse demonstrators resulted in numerous injuries. Authorities arrested and imprisoned opposition leaders and hundreds of opposition members. The most serious human rights problem was the government’s abridgement of the right of citizens to change or significantly influence their government. The government did so by harassing, abusing, and detaining government critics; denying the population access to independent sources of information; and restricting freedom of speech and assembly. Other human rights problems included the use of excessive force, including torture; harsh prison conditions; arbitrary arrest and prolonged pretrial detention; denial of fair public trial; interference with privacy rights; restrictions on freedom of association; lack of protection for refugees; corruption; discrimination against women; female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C); trafficking in persons; discrimination against persons with disabilities; and government denial of worker rights.
    [Show full text]
  • Improving Prospects for a Peaceful Transition in Sudan
    Improving Prospects for a Peaceful Transition in Sudan Crisis Group Africa Briefing N°143 Nairobi /Brussels, 14 January 2019 What’s new? Protests across Sudan flared up as the government cut a vital bread subsidy. Economic grievances are fuelling demands for political change, with protest- ers calling on President Omar al-Bashir, in power since 1989, to resign. Authorities have responded with violence, killing dozens and arresting many more. Why does it matter? In the past, President Bashir and his government have been able to ride out popular demonstrations. But these newest protests, demanding Bashir resign because of economic mismanagement and corruption, have spread to loyalist regions and coincide with rising discontent in his party. What should be done? Foreign governments influential in Khartoum should continue to publicly discourage violence against demonstrators, with Western pow- ers signalling that future aid and, in the U.S.’s case, sanctions relief are at stake. They should seek to improve prospects for a peaceful transition by creating incentives for Bashir to step down. I. Overview Protests engulfing Sudanese towns and cities have seen dozens killed in crackdowns by security forces and could turn bloodier still. Demonstrators express fury over sub- sidy cuts and call for President Omar al-Bashir to resign. Discontent within the ruling party, the depth of the economic crisis and the diverse makeup of protests suggest Bashir has less room to manoeuvre than before. He may survive, though likely by suppressing protests with levels of violence that would reverse his recent rapproche- ment with Western powers and deepen Sudan’s economic woes.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Offering
    海底撈國際控股有限公司 Haidilao International Holding Ltd. 海底撈國際控股有限公司 Haidilao International Holding Ltd. (Incorporated in the Cayman Islands with limited liability) Stock Code: 6862 GLOBAL OFFERING (In no particular order) Joint Sponsors, Joint Global Coordinators and Joint Bookrunners Joint Global Coordinator and Joint Bookrunner Joint Bookrunners IMPORTANT IMPORTANT: If you are in any doubt about any of the contents of this Prospectus, you should seek independent professional advice. HAIDILAO INTERNATIONAL HOLDING LTD. 海底撈國際控股有限公司 (Incorporated in the Cayman Islands with limited liability) GLOBAL OFFERING Number of Offer Shares under : 424,530,000 Shares (subject to the Over-allotment the Global Offering Option) Number of Hong Kong Offer Shares : 38,208,000 Shares (subject to adjustment) Number of International Offer Shares : 386,322,000 Shares (subject to adjustment and the Over-allotment Option) Maximum Offer Price : HK$17.80 per Share, plus brokerage of 1.0%, SFC transaction levy of 0.0027% and Stock Exchange trading fee of 0.005% (payable in full on application in Hong Kong Dollars and subject to refund) Nominal Value : US$0.000005 per Share Stock Code : 6862 (in no particular order) Joint Sponsors, Joint Global Coordinators and Joint Bookrunners Joint Global Coordinator and Joint Bookrunner Joint Bookrunners Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited, The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited and Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited take no responsibility for the contents of this Prospectus, make no representation as to its accuracy or completeness, and expressly disclaim any liability whatsoever for any loss howsoever arising from or in reliance upon the whole or any part of the contents of this Prospectus.
    [Show full text]
  • The Republic of Botswana Second and Third Report To
    THE REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA SECOND AND THIRD REPORT TO THE AFRICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN AND PEOPLES' RIGHTS (ACHPR) IMPLEMENTATION OF THE AFRICAN CHARTER ON HUMAN AND PEOPLES’ RIGHTS 2015 1 | P a g e TABLE OF CONTENTS I. PART I. a. Abbreviations b. Introduction c. Methodology and Consultation Process II. PART II. A. General Information - B. Laws, policies and (institutional) mechanisms for human rights C. Follow-up to the 2010 Concluding observations D. Obstacles to the exercise and enjoyment of the rights and liberties enshrined in the African Charter: III. PART III A. Areas where Botswana has made significant progress in the realization of the rights and liberties enshrined in the African Charter a. Article 2, 3 and 19 (Non-discrimination and Equality) b. Article 7 & 26 (Fair trial, Independence of the Judiciary) c. Article 10 (Right to association) d. Article 14 (Property) e. Article 16 (Health) f. Article 17 (Education) g. Article 24 (Environment) B. Areas where some progress has been made by Botswana in the realization of the rights and liberties enshrined in the African Charter a. Article 1er (implementation of the provisions of the African Charter) b. Article 4 (Life and Integrity of the person) c. Article 5 (Human dignity/Torture) d. Article 9 (Freedom of Information) e. Article 11 (Freedom of Assembly) f. Article 12 (Freedom of movement) g. Article 13 (participation to public affairs) h. Article 15 (Work) i. Article 18 (Family) j. Article 20 (Right to existence) k. Article 21 (Right to freely dispose of wealth and natural resources) 2 | P a g e C.
    [Show full text]
  • What Next for Mali: Four Priorities for Better Governance in Mali
    OXFAM BRIEFING NOTE 5 FEBRUARY 2014 Malian children in a Burkina Faso refugee camp, 2012. © Vincent Tremeau / Oxfam WHAT NEXT FOR MALI? Four priorities for better governance The 2013 elections helped to restore constitutional order in Mali and marked the start of a period of hope for peace, stability and development. The challenge is now to respond to the Malian people's desire for improved governance. The new government must, therefore, strive to ensure equitable development, increase citizen participation, in particular women's political participation, while improving access to justice and promoting reconciliation. INTRODUCTION Almost two years after the March 2012 coup d’état, the suspension of international aid that followed, and the occupation of northern Mali by armed groups, the Malian people now have a new hope for peace, development and stability. The recent presidential elections in July and August 2013 and parliamentary elections in November and December 2013 were a major step towards restoring constitutional order in Mali, with a democratically elected president and parliament. However, these elections alone do not guarantee a return to good governance. Major reforms are required to ensure that the democratic process serves the country's citizens, in particular women and men living in poverty. The Malian people expect to see changes in the way the country is governed; with measures taken against corruption and abuses of power by officials; citizens’ rights upheld, including their right to hold the state accountable; and a fairer distribution of development aid throughout the country. A new form of governance is needed in order to have a sustainable, positive impact on both the cyclical food crises that routinely affect the country and the consequences of the conflict in the north.
    [Show full text]
  • “Investigating the Causes of Civil Wars in Sub-Saharan Africa” Case Study: the Central African Republic and South Sudan
    al Science tic & li P o u P b f l i o c l A a f Journal of Political Sciences & Public n f r a u i r o s J ISSN: 2332-0761 Affairs Review Article “Investigating the Causes of Civil Wars in Sub-Saharan Africa” Case Study: The Central African Republic and South Sudan Agberndifor Evaristus Department Political Science and International Relations, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey ABSTRACT Civil wars are not new and they predate the modern nation states. From the time when nations gathered in well- defined or near defined geographical locations, there has always been internal wrangling between the citizens and the state for reasons that might not be very different from place to place. However, the tensions have always mounted up such that people took to the streets first to protest and sometimes, the immaturity of the government to listen to the demands of the people radicalized them for bloodshed. This paper shall empirically examine the cause of civil wars in Sub-Saharan Africa having at the back of its thoughts that civil wars are most times associated to political, economic and ethnic incentives. This paper shall try in empirical terms using data from already established research to prove these points. Firstly, it shall explain its independent variables which apparently are some underlying causes of civil wars. Secondly, it shall consider the dense literature review of civil wars and shall look at some definitions, theories of civil wars and data presented on a series of countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Lastly, it shall isolate two countries that will make up its comparative analysis and the explanations of its dependent variable by which it shall seek to understand what caused the outbreaks of civil wars in those two countries.
    [Show full text]