Heritage Impact Assessment for Land Known As Town Head Field, Taddington, Derbyshire

EM HERITAGE SOLUTIONS

Heritage Impact Assessment for Land known as Town Head Field, Taddington, Derbyshire.

March 2019

Heritage Impact Assessment for Land known as Town Head Field, Taddington, Derbyshire

Contents Summary

1. Introduction 2. The Heritage Assets 3. Significance of the Heritage Assets 4. Impact of Application Proposals 5. Conclusion 6. Acknowledgments 7. Bibliography

Appendix 1. Plates Appendix 2. Figures Appendix 3. Recorded Archaeological Events within Taddington

Summary

An historic environment desk-based assessment was undertaken by EM Heritage on behalf of George Hand- ley (the Developer) in advance of the submission of a planning application for the construction of a single, affordable dwelling and associated landscaping and access to land at the far eastern end of the village of Tad- dington, Derbyshire (centred at National Grid Reference SJ 414687 371030).

The Derbyshire HER lists no heritage assets within the boundaries of the proposed development area (PDA). A large earthwork is located within the northwest of the PDA in the form of a raised level area measuring c. 33m north-south x 13m east-west. This level area is c.0.4m higher than land to the immediate east within the PDA with a steep slope between the two areas. Hart’s 2006 survey of Taddington recorded this earthwork and postulated that it may once have formed part of a now redundant bowling green. However, consultation with several nearby residents and the developer by EM Heritage Solutions suggest that the earthwork instead represents a previous tennis court to the nearby Hall. The dimensions of the earthwork would appear to corre- spond much closer with that of a tennis court (which has a regulated court size of 23.77m x 8.23m with additional playing areas required at both serving ends and width) than that of a bowling green (sizes vary though 40m square is standard). It would also appear unlikely that a bowling green would have a steep drop of c. 0.4m along its edges when in fact, other than the shallow ditch of between 20cm-30cm wide x 5cm-20cm deep which forms the edge, bowling greens are classically surrounded by banks up to 23cm high.

If the earthwork is a previous tennis court then it would appear likely that some landscaping was required to form it. This landscaping may have involved both the raising and lowering of ground surface levels and so could potentially both positively and negatively affect the level of survival of any unknown archaeological deposits within the PDA.

Given the location of the PDA on the extreme eastern edge of the village there is a reduced potential for the proposed development to impact upon unknown buried archaeological remains associated with the medieval settlement of Taddington. Based on a study of the mapping for the area it would appear that this part of the village lay within an agricultural area that subsequently became subsumed as the village expanded. A field boundary first shown on the Tithe Map of 1842, and still extant in mapping of 1958, appears to cross the site on a northeast-southwest alignment. A similarly aligned boundary is also shown to the southwest on mapping from 1842 until 1924 and this may have formed a continuous field boundary with that within the study area.

Based upon the available evidence the impact of the proposed development upon the village is considered to be low. Recently built detached dwellings (late 20th century) are situated to both the east and west of the proposed development. It should be noted that other new dwellings are being constructed in this area of the village.

No further work is recommended.

1. Introduction

Dr Graham Eyre-Morgan of EM Heritage Solutions has been commisioned by Mr George Handley to undertake a Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) for the proposed development of a new affordable dwelling in the village of Taddington, Derbyshire. The Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) will present a brief analysis of the known and potential heritage that could be affected by the proposed construction of a new dwelling.

The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) 2018/2012 provides the Government’s national planning policy on the conservation of the historic environment. In respect of information requirements for applications, it sets out that: “In determining applications, local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including any contribution made by their setting. The level of detail should be proportionate to the assets’ importance and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on their significance.”

To comply with these requirements, Section 2 of this statement firstly identifies the relevant designated and non- designated heritage assets within the site and its vicinity that may be affected by the current application proposals.

Section 3 then provides a statement of significance for the designated heritage assets in the area, within which part of the site is located, describing its special architectural and historic interest in terms of historical development, character and appearance, relevant to the site.

These assessments are proportionate to the importance of each identified heritage asset and also the likely impacts of the application proposals. Assessment is undertaken on the basis of existing published information, focused archival research and on-site visual survey. The author of the Heritage Statement has consulted the Derbyshire Council Historic Environment Resource (HER), the Derbyshire County Records Office and appropriate archaeological reports.

Section 4 provides an assessment of the impact of the application proposals on the significance of the identified heritage assets, in light of the statutory duties of the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990, national policy laid out in the NPPF 2018, and regional and local planning policy for the historic environment.

Figure 1. Site location (arrowed). Image taken from Google Earth (c).

Figure 2. Site Location arrowed and outlined in red. Image taken from Google Earth (c).

2. The Heritage Assets

Introduction

2.1 The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) 2018/2012 defines a heritage asset as: “A building, monument, site, place, area or landscape identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions, because of its heritage interest.”

Designated Heritage Assets

2.2 Designated heritage assets are those which possess a level of heritage interest that justifies designation and are then subject to particular procedures in planning decisions that involve them. This HIA assesses the potential impacts of development (within the allocation area) on above and below ground heritage assets and historic landscapes throughout the Site including listed buildings, scheduled monuments with upstanding remains, conservation areas, and registered parks and gardens. This report also includes non-designated assets such as locally listed buildings and unregistered historic landscapes.

The HIA considers the potential for the proposed development to affect these assets’ significance, their existing and future surroundings. The HIA also looks at the capacity of identified sensitive assets (and their settings) to accommodate the likely change arising from the allocation.

Non-Designated Heritage Assets

2.3 The NPPF identifies that heritage assets include both designated heritage assets and assets identified by the local planning authority (including local listing).

Site Location and Description

2.4 The site, which may be approximately located by National Grid Reference SK 414687 371030 is situated close to the grounds of the Hall, located off the north side of the Main Road, Taddington, Derbyshire at the eastern end of the village within the established conservation area (Area B, Town End) The area proposed for the new dwelling sits within a field that has previously been associated the Grade II Listed c.mid-18th century Hall which is probably the second oldest dwelling in Taddington (Plate 1) that is located to the west of the proposed development. The field had been landscaped to form a tennis court and gardens for the hall in the mid-20th century. The field has been subdivided in the late-20th century with a dry stone wall truncating the field to the west of which a dwelling and outbuilding/garages have been built late over part of the former tennis court and gardens (Plates 2, 3 and 5). To the east of this field is another small field that that has also seen recent development with another late 20th century dwelling (Plate 4). The field is fronted to the south by a dry stone wall and some tree cover before the Main Road. To the north the field is bounded by a dry stone wall some tree cover before a rear road/track known as Hades Lane.

The underlying solid geology of the area is carboniferous limestone however Taddington sits on the northern end of a ridge formed by a sill of dolerite which lies within the surrounding limestone.

Brief History of Taddington 2.5 The village is situated to the south of and adjacent to the present A6 road that links Buxton to Ashford and Bakewell. This road which was originally turnpiked at one time ran through the centre of the village but was re-sited to its present location c.50 years ago. Map evidence (Figures 3 and 4) suggests that the fields were once larger and were split to allow the new turnpike road to be built. It is likely that the general area has had a long occupation going back to the prehistoric periods with the Neolithic Five Wells chambered tomb being situated nearby on Taddington Moor In addition there is possible evidence of Iron Age or medieval farming being refected in lynchetts/cultivation terraces that are evident above Horse Stead. The Iron Age hillfort known as Finn Cop is situated 2.5miles to the east and can clearly be seen from the village. The name of the village is said comes from a Saxon Chieftain called Tata who first settled here during the early medieval period from which the present village has developed. A cross-shaft in the churchyard may well be Saxon in origin and Taddington was known as 'Tadintune' in the Domesday Book. There are major remains from the medieval period within the village. The later Grade 1 listed Parish Church of St. Michael & All Angels dominates the village with its broach spire, and according to Pevsner the church was built early in the 14th century and therefore reflects the medieval occupation of the village. The village is built from local white limestone and predominantly dates from the mid-late 18th century onwards with the exception of the Church and the Grade II listed Fold Farm that dates to the mid-17th century. The tithe map of 1842 (Figure 2) reveals structures in the southwest corner of the field as it was at that time now in the grounds of the adjacent house to the west. The buildings are described in the apportionment as house outbuildings, croft and meer, occupied by a Mr John Wood and owned by Ellen Roberts. The field was plainly divided from the Hall at this time but had become part of the Halls grounds by the recording of the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map 1883 (Figure 3). A field boundary first shown on the Tithe Map of 1842 and still extant in mapping of 1958 does appear to cross the site on a northeast-southwest alignment. A similarly aligned boundary is also shown to the southwest on mapping from 1842 until 1924 and this may have formed a continuous field boundary with that within the study area. Taken together these field boundaries would appear to suggest that this area of Taddington was part of the field systems which once surrounded the historic core of the village. According to the information provided as of the Conservation Area Appraisal for this part of Taddington which lies around a triangular road system at the extreme east of the village which the proposed development site lies adjacent to on its north side, It states that this the part of the village has undergone most change in the last 200 years with the central triangle between the various modern roads being originally in the grounds of the Hall. The Conservation Area Appraisal states that in the 19th century the Hall grounds were bisected by the continuation of Main Road which is now the main way into and out of Taddington, with the villages original main street remaining as a quiet backwater to the south. This must have happened in the early 19th century – pre1842 as the new road system and triangular parcel of land were present on the 1842 tithe map for Taddington. The central triangular area has recently undergone a housing development which was subject to an archaeological watching brief, it is understood that no archaeological remains or artifacts were observed.

Identified Heritage Assets

2.6 The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 provides the legislation that is used to assess the impact of proposals on listed buildings and conservation areas. Historic Environment’s Good Practice Advice in Planning, Note 3: The Setting of Heritage Assets (2nd Edition) 2017 sets out guidance, against the background of the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) and the related guidance given in the Planning Practice Guide (PPG), on managing change within the settings of heritage assets, including archaeological remains and historic buildings, sites, areas, and landscapes.

Within the Taddington area there are, as one could appreciate within such a historic Peak District village, several designated assets, mainly of grade II and the single grade 1 listed building of the church. There are 13 in total with five running along the north south axis of the Main Road, none of which are directly affected by the proposed development. The closest listed building to the proposed dwelling is the Grade II Listed Hall. The Hall is however separated and screened from the proposed development by a late 20th century development and additional heavy tree cover.

3. Significance of the Heritage Assets

Significance and Special Interest

3.1 The NPPF defines the significance of a heritage asset as: “The value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its heritage interest. That interest may be archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic. Significance derives not only from a heritage asset’s physical presence, but also from its setting.”

All Heritage Assets

3.2 Historic England has published guidance within Conservation Principles 2018 on the identification of four types of heritage value that an asset may hold: aesthetic, communal, historic and evidential value. Together, this guidance provides a framework for assessing the significance of designated or non-designated heritage assets:

Value: An aspect of worth or importance, here attached by people to qualities of places.

Aesthetic Value: derived from the ways in which people draw sensory and intellectual stimulation from a place.

Communal Value: derived from the meanings of a place for the people who relate to it, or for whom it figures in their collective experience or memory.

Evidential Value: derived from the potential of a place to yield evidence about past human activity.

Historical Value: derived from the ways in which past people, events and aspects of life can be connected through a place to the present.

Setting

3.3 The NPPF defines the setting of a heritage asset as: “The surroundings in which a heritage asset is experienced. Its extent is not fixed and may change as the asset and its surroundings evolve. Elements of a setting may make a positive or negative contribution to the significance of an asset, may affect the ability to appreciate that significance or may be neutral.”

3.4 Historic England has published guidance within Conservation Principles 2018 and in respect of the setting of heritage assets, providing detail on understanding setting and the associated assessment of the impact of any changes.

Local Heritage Assets

Built Environment

3.5 Within the immediate development area the main heritage asset is the Hall. There are no other heritage assets nearby. Archaeology 3.7 A The principal aims of this assessment are to produce a report detailing any archaeological potential of the PDA, and to assess the potential impacts of the proposed development upon any buried and upstanding archaeological remains, historic buildings, the historic landscape and the settings of nationally designated assets and to assess their significance. The following objectives will contribute towards accomplishing this aim:

To collate and assess existing information about the historic environment within the study area and to determine as fully as possible from the available evidence the nature, survival, quality, extent and importance of any archaeological remains and any upstanding buildings/structures within the PDA.

A walk over survey of the PDA was undertaken in conjunction with a full 1 km HER search around the PDA taking into account all events that have taken place and known monuments. Full map regression was undertaken using the resources of the Derbyshire Records Office.

The result of the above searches concluded that the archaeological potential for the PDA is low. Other than a field boundary first shown on mapping of 1842 no archaeological impact for the PDA has been identified.

Within the general Taddington area, the following archaeological activity has been recorded:

Mesolithic activity is recorded at potential rock-shelters in Demons Dale, Taddington (Hart p.32).

Five Wells Neolithic chambered tomb lies on Taddington Moor (Hart p.40)

Bronze age pottery from Taddington Dale (Hart p.53)

RB rural civilian settlement at Water Lees Bare Plot, Taddington (Hart p.96)

Very fine medieval contour lynchets at Priestcliffe, Taddington (Hart p. 129)

4. Impact of Application Proposals

4.1 The proposed development will have minimum impact on the historic built environment, with no effect upon the Grade II Listed Hall. Furthermore a late 20th century house already lies between the PDA and the Hall. 4.2 There is no known potential for any archaeological presence when considering former archaeological events within the village other than a field boundary of probable post-medieval date.

5. Conclusion 5.1 To conclude, although the assessment for the study area to contain archaeological deposits is low, as with any site the possibility of encountering unknown archaeology is always present. Due to the recorded prehistoric activity in and around Taddington, there is a possibility of stray prehistoric finds within the study area. This possibility may be increased due to the suspected position of the study area within medieval/post- medieval fields that would have been regularly ploughed and therefore potentially redistributed artefacts from a wide area. Remnants of previous field systems may also lie within the study area. These remnants may include previous field boundaries and/or ridge and furrow. Due to the widespread practice of manuring fields, which included domestic rubbish, there also exists the possibility of stray finds dating from the Romano-British period onwards.

Considering the above it is likely that the proposed development will have little impact upon either the known historic environment or the archaeological potential of the area. . 6. Acknowledgements

EM Heritage would like thank Mr George Handley for commissioning this work and for providing site access. EM Heritage would also like to thank Natalie Ward, the Senior Conservation Archaeologist for the Peak District Park and Dr Dana Campbell with Derbyshire HER for providing all HER data and the support provided by the Derbyshire Records Office.

7. Bibliography Chartered Institute for Archaeologists. 2014. Standards and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk Based Assessment. Chartered Institute for Archaeologists, Reading. Conservation Area Appraisal for Taddington. 2005. Peak District National Park Authority. DCLG. 2012. National Planning Policy Framework. Crown Copyright, London. Hart, C.R 1981. The North Derbyshire Archaeological Survey to A.D 1500 Hart, C.R , Sanderson, J , 2006. Survey of Taddington The North Derbyshire Archaeological Trust. Historic England, 2018, Conservation Principles, For the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment Historic England, 2017, Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 3, The Setting of Heritage Assets (2nd Edition) James Brightman and Dr. Clive Waddington. 2011. ARCHAEOLOGY AND AGGREGATES IN DERBYSHIRE AND THE PEAK DISTRICT, A RESOURCE ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK. Archaeological Research Services Ltd Report No. 2011/101 John Barnatt. 2003. A LANDSCAPE THROUGH TIME .THE HISTORIC CHARACTER OF THE PEAK .DISTRICT NATIONAL PARK LANDSCAPE. Archaeology Service .Peak District National Park Authority Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) 2018, Conserving and Enhancing the Historic Environment.

Websites https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk http://www.gatehouse-gazetteer http://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-planning-policy-framework--2 http://historicengland.org.uk/advice/planning/ http://www.historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/ http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/ http://www.victoriacountyhistory.ac.uk/counties/derbyshire

Other Sources Derbyshire Records Office Derbyshire HER

Appendix 1: Photographs of the site

Plate 1. Georgian frontage to the Hall

Plate 2. Proposed development area showing levelled tennis court area (looking north)

Plate 3. Wall dividing field with recent dwelling overlying levelled area (looking north)

Plate 4. Looking northeast across proposed development area towards adjacent dwelling to the east

Plate 5. Looking southwest across field proposed for development with recent development to the west

Appendix 2. Figures

Figure 3. Tithe map of Taddington 1842 with site outlined in red.

Figure 4. Taken from OS 1st edition 6” map 1883 with site outlined in red.

Figure 5. Taken from OS 2nd edition 25” map 1898 with site outlined in red. Figure 6. Taken from the OS 3rd edition 6” map 1924 with site outlined in red.

Figure 7. Taken from the OS 5th edition 25” map 1958 with site outlined in red.

Appendix 3. Recorded Archaeological Events within Taddington

Derbyshire CC Event/Activity Full Report 14/02/2019 Number of records: 13 CDR10495

Event ID Event Name Event Type EDR2824 Archaeological evaluation, land at Fold Farm, Event - Intervention Taddington, by ARS Ltd, in 2010 External Reference: Dates: 01/03/2010 - 31/03/2010 Project Details:

Thesaurus Event Types

TRIAL TRENCH Event/Activity References - None recorded Organisation: Archaeological Research Services (ARS) Ltd