Pascua Yaqui Tribe Using 2011-2015 American Community Survey Estimates

Demographic Analysis of the Pascua Yaqui Tribe Using 2011-2015 American Community Survey Estimates

Completed for: Grants & Contract Office Pascua Yaqui Tribe 7474 S. Camino De Oeste Tucson, AZ 85757

Completed by: Thomas Combrink Arizona Rural Policy Institute Alliance Bank Economic Policy Institute W.A. Franke College of Business Northern Arizona University

This report was prepared by the Arizona Rural Policy Institute, Northern Arizona University, partially funded under an award from the Economic Development Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Economic Development Administration or the U.S. Department of Commerce.

The Arizona Rural Policy Institute also receives support from the City of Flagstaff, Coconino County, and the Office of the President, Northern Arizona University

Table of Contents

Table of Contents ...... 1 List of Tables ...... 2 List of Figures ...... 3 Pascua Yaqui Tribe ...... 4 Demographic Analysis ...... 4 Introduction ...... 4 Population ...... 5 Gender ...... 6 Age ...... 6 Population Under 20 Years ...... 9 Median Age ...... 9 Race ...... 13 Ethnicity ...... 14 Household Size ...... 15 Households ...... 16 Children Under 18 Years Age Living with Grandparent ...... 23 Household Income ...... 25 Supplemental Income ...... 27 Other Income ...... 29 Poverty ...... 30 Children in Poverty...... 32 Persons in Poverty ...... 33 Households Receiving Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) ...... 35 Fertility ...... 36 Appendix A: The Pascua Yaqui Tribe Margin Of Error Estimates ...... 38 Understanding margin of error ...... 39

List of Tables

Table 1. Total Population & Trends ...... 5 Table 2. Gender Ratios ...... 6 Table 3. Age Groups by 5 Year Cohorts ...... 7 Table 4. Single year age by gender for those aged 19 years and under ...... 9 Table 5. Demographic Profile Pascua Yaqui Tribe ...... 11 Table 5. Demographic Profile Pascua Yaqui Tribe…continued ...... 12 Table 6. Race ...... 13 Table 7. Ethnicity ...... 14 Table 8. Household Relationships ...... 17 Table 9. Household Structure ...... 19 Table 10. Household by Type of Household Structure ...... 22 Table 11. Children under 18 years of age living with a grandparent householder ...... 23 Table 12. Household Income (In 2015 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars) ...... 25 Table 13. Household Income and Benefits (In 2015 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars) ...... 28 Table 14. Other Income Measures (In 2015 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars) ...... 29 Table 15 Poverty Status over the Last 12 Months ...... 30 Table 16. Poverty Status over the Last 12 Months - Children in Poverty ...... 32 Table 17. Persons within Poverty Rates...... 33 Table 18. Households Receiving SNAP Assistance ...... 35 Table 19. Fertility ...... 36

List of Figures

Figure 1. Percent Population Change 2011 to 2015 Arizona, Pima County & Pascua Yaqui Tribe 5 Figure 2. Age Cohorts for Arizona, Pima County & Pascua Yaqui Tribe 2011-2015 ...... 7 Figure 3. Population Pyramid - Pascua Yaqui Tribe 2011-2015 ...... 8 Figure 4. Median Age in Years 2015 ...... 10 Figure 5. Ethnicity ...... 14 Figure 6. Average Household and Family Size ...... 15 Figure 7. Household Relationships ...... 18 Figure 8. Household Structure ...... 20 Figure 9. Households headed by single mothers ...... 21 Figure 10. Percentage of children under 18 living with a grandparent householder ...... 24 Figure 11. Percentage of household income by range ...... 26 Figure 12. Supplemental Income ...... 27 Figure 13. Persons in Poverty by Age ...... 31 Figure 14. Households by Poverty Ratios ...... 34 Figure 15. Birth Rates per-1000 Women ...... 37

Pascua Yaqui Tribe Demographic Analysis

Introduction

This analysis of Pascua Yaqui Tribe was undertaken by the Arizona Rural Policy Institute (ARPI) a unit of the Center for Business Outreach in the W.A. Franke College of Business at Northern Arizona University for the planning department of the Pascua Yaqui Tribe. The ARPI has produced the Demographic Profile for Pascua Yaqui Tribe, with the latest information available from the 2015 American Community Survey (5-year estimates) American Indian and Alaska Native Tables. This document is provided to Arizona tribes as a product of the EDA University Center Grant provided by the EDA to the Center for Business Outreach at Northern Arizona University.

Since 2010 the American Community Survey (ACS) has been tasked with producing population, demographic and housing unit estimates for the United States on an annual and 5 year series basis. This analysis is entirely based the American Community Survey, 5-year estimate data for the period 2011 to 2015 and is annotated in the document as ACS 2015 (5-year estimates). The 2015 ACS 5-year estimates are based on data collected between January 2011 and December 2015. The data were used to analyze household income, poverty rates, employment, language use and household characteristics for Pascua Yaqui Tribe. Only the 5-year estimates are used as this is the only data that is provided for small population areas, the 5 year data represent the average characteristics over the 5-year period.

Demographic characteristics are outlined by three separate levels, the State of Arizona, Pima County and the Pascua Yaqui Tribe. Comparisons between the State of Arizona, and Pima County serve to provide further levels of comparison when examining demographic characteristics of the tribe. Pima County was chosen for comparison as all Pascua Yaqui tribal lands and communities fall within Pima County.

Appendix A contains the margin of error estimates to be used to calculate the estimates for the American Community Survey data.

Population

The Pascua Yaqui Tribe grew at a strong rate of 15.0% between the last census in 2010 and the 2011-2015 period. The rate of population growth is higher than both the State and Pima County. See Table 1 and Figure 1.

Table 1. Total Population & Trends

Pascua Pima Yaqui Total Population and Trends Arizona County Tribe Total Population 2000 5,130,632 843,746 3,315 Total Population 2010 6,392,017 980,263 3,484 Total Population 2011-2015 6,641,928 998,537 3,982 Change in Population 2011-2015 4.9% 2.2% 15.0% Source: Census 2000, 2010, ACS 2011-2015

Figure 1. Percent Population Change 2011 to 2015 Arizona, Pima County & Pascua Yaqui Tribe

Percent Population Change 2011-2015 (source: 2011-2015 ACS)

15.0%

4.9%

2.2%

Arizona Pima County Pascua Yaqui Tribe

Gender

There are slightly more males (51.0%) than females (49.0%) within the Pascua Yaqui Tribe. The gender ratios in the Pascua Yaqui tribe are opposite to the State and County ratios where there are slightly more females (50.3% and 50.8%) respectively than males (49.7% and 49.2%) respectively. See Table 2.

Table 2. Gender Ratios

Pascua Pima Yaqui Arizona County Tribe Male 3,299,088 491,108 2,031 Female 3,342,840 507,429 1,951 Source: 2011-2015 ACS

Age

The Pascua Yaqui Tribe is dominated by those under 19 years of age. The under-19 year population accounts for 43.8 percent of all tribal members, representing a far larger portion of tribal members than the same age group does for the State (27.1%) and Pima County (25.3%). The fact that more than two-fifths of the tribe is younger than 19 years of age carries with it some fairly important policy implications. The large portion of younger tribal members influences the provision of health and educational services as well as poverty and workforce issues as well.

On the other hand, the tribe has fewer members who are 65 years or older. This age group, those who have retired and are out of the workforce account for only 4.8 percent of tribal members when compared to 15.4 percent for the state and 17.1 percent for the county. Once more the reduction at the very bottom of the age cohort indicates the overall youthful profile of the tribe. Finally, those age 20 to 64 years account for 51.4 percent of the tribal members, which compares favorably to the State (57.5%) and the County (57.6%). The large number of tribal young persons will have an effect on the development of the tribal workforce in the future. See Table 3, and Figure 2.

Table 3. Age Groups by 5 Year Cohorts

Pascua Pima Yaqui Arizona County Tribe Under 5 years 433835 60124 474 5 to 9 years 455634 61981 479 10 to 14 years 456495 61046 366 15 to 19 years 456343 69158 427 20 to 24 years 478317 87632 433 25 to 34 years 886173 123789 451 35 to 44 years 833412 114543 431 45 to 54 years 840625 122685 434 55 to 59 years 402381 63881 194 60 to 64 years 378638 62467 102 65 to 74 years 588977 95467 113 75 to 84 years 312535 54253 73 85 years and over 118563 21511 5 Source: 2011-2015 ACS

Figure 2. Age Cohorts for Arizona, Pima County & Pascua Yaqui Tribe 2011-2015

Age groupings percentage <19, 20 to 64 and 65+ as percent of total population (Source: 2011-2016 ACS)

57.5% 57.6% 51.4% 43.8%

27.1% 25.3%

15.4% 17.1%

4.8%

19 years and under 20 to 64 years 65+ years

Arizona Pima County Pascua Yaqui Tribe

A population pyramid, also called an age structure diagram, is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population (typically that of a country or region of the world), which forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing.

The population pyramid below (Figure 3) illustrates the difference between males and females for the 5 year age cohorts. The under-20 age cohorts are somewhat symmetrical indicating that there are a somewhat even number of males and females. At the top of the age pyramid there are more males than females. This is an anomaly as demographically women tend to live longer than men. The age pyramid provides an illustrated snapshot of the age structure of the tribal members during the period 2011-2915.

Figure 3. Population Pyramid - Pascua Yaqui Tribe 2011-2015

Population Pyramid Pascua Yaqui Tribe (Source:2011-2015 ACS)

85 years and over 80 to 84 years 75 to 79 years 70 to 74 years 65 to 69 years 60 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 50 to 54 years 45 to 49 years 40 to 44 years 35 to 39 years 30 to 34 years 25 to 29 years 20 to 24 years 15 to 19 years 10 to 14 years 5 to 9 years Under 5 years

-20.0% -15.0% -10.0% -5.0% 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0%

Female Male

Population Under 20 Years

Children those under 20 years of age account for 43.8 percent of all tribal members. There are 2,031 males and 1,951 female tribal members, of those 48.7 percent of all males are under age 20 and 38.8 percent of all females are under age 20. There are more males in each age group, with the greatest disparity in the 10 to 19 year age group. See Table 4.

Table 4. Single year age by gender for those aged 19 years and under

Males % Females % Under 5 years 266 13.1% 207 10.6% 5 to 9 years 246 12.1% 234 12.0% 10 to 14 years 197 9.7% 170 8.7% 15 to 19 years 280 13.8% 146 7.5% Under 19 total 989 48.7% 757 38.8% Source: 2011-2015 ACS

Median Age

The median age (the point where 50% of the population are above and 50% are below) for the Pascua Yaqui tribal members is 23 years, with males slightly younger at 21 years and females at 24 years. The median age of tribal members is considerably lower than the State (37 years of age) or the County 38 years. This once more serves to emphasize the overall young age of tribal members. See Figure 4.

Figure 4. Median Age in Years 2015

Median Age in Years (Source: 2011-2015 ACS)

39.7 38 38.2 36.8 36.5 35.6

23.8 22.9 21.4

Median Age Median Age Males Median Age Females

Arizona Pima County Pascua Yaqui Tribe

Table 5. Demographic Profile Pascua Yaqui Tribe

Pascua Pima Yaqui Arizona County Tribe Total Population 2000 5,130,632 843,746 3,315 Total Population 2010 6,392,017 980,263 3,484 Total Population 2011-2015 6,641,928 998,537 3,982 Change in Population 2011-2015 4.9% 2.2% 15.0%

Males 3,299,088 491,108 2,031 Females 3,342,840 507,429 1,951 Population Density persons per square mile 58 109 1810 Land Area Square Miles 113,594 9,187 2.2

Males 49.7% 49.2% 51.0% Females 50.3% 50.8% 49.0%

5 Year Age Cohorts Under 5 years 433835 60124 474 5 to 9 years 455634 61981 479 10 to 14 years 456495 61046 366 15 to 19 years 456343 69158 427 20 to 24 years 478317 87632 433 25 to 34 years 886173 123789 451 35 to 44 years 833412 114543 431 45 to 54 years 840625 122685 434 55 to 59 years 402381 63881 194 60 to 64 years 378638 62467 102 65 to 74 years 588977 95467 113 75 to 84 years 312535 54253 73 85 years and over 118563 21511 5 Source: 2011-2015 ACS

Table 5. Demographic Profile Pascua Yaqui Tribe…continued

Pascua Pima Yaqui Arizona County Tribe Median age in years 36.8 38 22.9 Median Age Male 35.6 36.5 21.4 Median Age Female 38.2 39.7 23.8

Age Group Demographics Age 0 to 19 1,802,307 252,309 1,746 20 to 24 Years 478,317 87,632 433 25 to 44 Years 1,719,585 238,332 882 45 to 64 Years 1,621,644 249,033 730 65 Years and Over 1,020,075 171,231 191 19 years and over 5,024,639 748,903 2,250 Males 19 years old and over 2,473,872 361,947 1,040 Females 19 years old and over 2,550,767 383,616 1,245 65 years and over 1020075 171231 191 Males 65 years old and over 468,074 76,613 91 Females 65 years old and over 552,001 91,346 98 Source: 2011-2015 ACS

Race

Not surprisingly, the majority of Pascua Yaqui tribal members identify themselves as American Indian or Alaska Native alone (83.2%), while the remaining 17 percent are split between white alone, some other race alone, and two or more races. This stands in strong contrast to the State which is 78 percent white alone, and the County which is 78 percent white alone. See Table 6.

Table 6. Race

Pascua Pima Yaqui Arizona % County % Tribe % One race 6,430,083 96.8% 960,971 96.2% 3,733 93.7% White alone 5,210,335 78.4% 777,699 77.9% 199 5.0% Black or African American 281,576 4.2% 36,123 3.6% 14 0.4% American Indian and Alaska Native 294,721 4.4% 32,656 3.3% 3,315 83.2% Asian 200,090 3.0% 27,498 2.8% 55 1.4% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 12,471 0.2% 1,454 0.1% 0 0.0% Some other race 430,890 6.5% 85,541 8.6% 150 3.8% Two or more races 211,845 3.2% 37,566 3.8% 249 6.3% Source: 2011-2015 ACS

Ethnicity

In terms of ethnicity, one-fourth (26.3%) of Pascua Yaqui tribal members identify themselves as Hispanic or Latino. This is lower than the surrounding County where one-third (35.7%) identify themselves as Hispanic or Latino and lower than the State where 30.3 percent identify themselves as Hispanic or Latino. See Table 7, and Figure 5.

Table 7. Ethnicity

Pascua Yaqui Arizona Pima County Tribe Total population 6,641,928 % 998,537 % 3,982 % Hispanic or Latino of any race 2,014,711 30.3% 356,589 35.7% 1,049 26.3% Not Hispanic or Latino 4,627,217 69.7% 641,948 64.3% 2,933 73.7% Source: 2011-2015 ACS

Figure 5. Ethnicity

Ethnicity - Hispanic and Non-Hispanic (Source: 2011-2015 ACS)

73.7% 69.7% 64.3%

35.7% 30.3% 26.3%

Hispanic or Latino of any race Not Hispanic or Latino

Arizona Pima County Pascua Yaqui Tribe

Household Size

In 2011-2015, there were 875 households on the Pascua Yaqui Tribe, with an average household size of 4.5 persons and an average family size of 4.7 persons as well. The average household size of 4 persons is larger than the State average (2.7 persons) or the County average (2.5 persons). The average family size for tribal members is also larger than the State and the County, where the average is 3.3 and 3.1 persons, respectively. See Figure 6.

Figure 6. Average Household and Family Size

Average Household Size and Average Family Size (Source: 2011-2015 ACS)

4.8 4.5

3.3 3.1 2.7 2.5

Average household size Average family size

Arizona Pima County Pascua Yaqui Tribe

Households

The next section of the demographic profile focuses on households and their structure. The Census defines a “household” as a person or group of people who occupy a housing unit. The “householder” is a person in whose name the housing unit is owned, being bought, or rented. A “family household” consists of a householder and one or more people living together in the same household who are related to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption — it may also include people unrelated to the householder. If the householder is married and living with his/her spouse, then the household is designated a “married-couple household.” The remaining types of family households not maintained by a married couple are designated by the sex of the householder. A “nonfamily household” consists of a person living alone or a householder who shares the home with nonrelatives only; for example, with roommates or an unmarried partner.

Family households (85.3%) predominate in the Pascua Yaqui Tribe, although traditional married couple families are in the minority (29.3%), at rates lower than the State (47.4%) or the County (43.5%). Households headed by a female head of household (single moms) account for two- fifths (42.5%) of all households. Almost three-fourths (71.8%) of all households are either married couple families (29.3%) or households headed by single mothers (42.5%). See Table 8 and Figure 7.

Table 8. Household Relationships

Arizona Pima County Pascua Yaqui Tribe Total households 2,412,212 % 389,658 % 875 % Family households (Families) 1,581,380 65.6% 239,972 61.6% 746 85.3% With own children under 18 years 677,012 28.1% 97,482 25.0% 336 38.4% Married-couple families 1,142,828 47.4% 169,543 43.5% 256 29.3% With own children under 18 years 436,891 18.1% 60,444 15.5% 82 9.4% Male householder, no wife present 131,803 5.5% 20,603 5.3% 118 13.5% With own children under 18 years 67,558 2.8% 9,631 2.5% 47 5.4% Female householder, no husband present 306,749 12.7% 49,826 12.8% 372 42.5% With own children under 18 years 172,563 7.2% 27,407 7.0% 207 23.7% Householder living alone 659,485 79.4% 119,767 80.0% 93 72.1% 65 years and over living alone 242,076 29.1% 45,280 30.2% 24 18.6% Households with one or more people under 18 years 767,607 31.8% 110,011 28.2% 527 60.2% Households with one or more people 65 years and over 700,522 29.0% 119,948 30.8% 130 14.9% Average household size 2.7 2.5 4.5 Average family size 3.3 3.1 4.8 Source: 2011-2015 ACS

Figure 7. Household Relationships

Relationships of People in Households (Source: 2011-2015 ACS) 70.0%

60.0%

50.0%

40.0%

30.0%

20.0%

10.0%

0.0% Married-couple With own kids < Single mother Single mother Households with Households with families 18 years householder own kids <18 kids <18 years individuals 65+ years years

Arizona Pima County Pascua Yaqui Tribe

In terms of household characteristics 22.2 percent of all households are headed by a householder, lower than the State (37.2%) or County (40.1%) of households are headed by a householder. Spouse headed households comprise a minority of Pascua Yaqui tribal households (6.2%) far less than the State (17.6%) or the County (17.4%). Children comprise more than two- fifths of all households (43.0%), greater than the State (30.4%) or the County (28.2%). Households on the Pascua Yaqui Tribe are four times more likely to contain other relatives (22.1%) than the State (8.2%) or the County (7.1%). See Table 9 and Figure 8.

Table 9. Household Structure

Arizona Pima County Pascua Yaqui Tribe Householder 2,412,212 37.2% 389,658 40.1% 875 22.2% Spouse 1,141,965 17.6% 169,527 17.4% 244 6.2% Child 1,970,330 30.4% 273,926 28.2% 1,696 43.0% Other relatives 531,709 8.2% 69,251 7.1% 872 22.1% Nonrelatives 434,944 6.7% 69,546 7.2% 259 6.6% Unmarried partner 173,826 2.7% 28,523 2.9% 117 3.0% Source: 2011-2015 ACS

Figure 8. Household Structure

Household Structure (2011-2015 ACS) 50.0%

45.0%

40.0%

35.0%

30.0%

25.0%

20.0%

15.0%

10.0%

5.0%

0.0% Householder Spouse Child Other relatives Nonrelatives Unmarried partner

Arizona Pima County Pascua Yaqui Tribe

Family households dominate among Pascua Yaqui tribal members (85.3%), compared to 65.6 percent for the State and 61.6 percent for the County. Non-family households (14.7%) account for more than one tenth of Pascua Yaqui tribal member households, less than State (34.4%) or County (38.4%). Husband and wife families account for only one-third (38.4%) of households, whereas residents of the State (47.4%) are more likely to live in husband and wife households and the County (25.0%) is less likely to have this household structure. Households on the Pascua Yaqui Tribe are three times more likely to be headed by a female householder (42.5%) with no husband present than the State (12.7%) or County (12.8%). Households on the Pascua Yaqui Tribe are twice as likely (60.2%) to have children under the age of 18 living in the household, than the State (31.8%) and the County (28.2%). See Table 10, and Figure 9.

Figure 9. Households headed by single mothers

Households Headed by Single Mothers (Source: 2011-2015 ACS)

42.5%

12.7% 12.8%

Arizona Pima County Pascua Yaqui Tribe

Table 10. Household by Type of Household Structure

Arizona Pima County Pascua Yaqui Tribe Total population 6,641,928 998,537 3,982 Under 19 years 1,617,289 24.3% 249,634 25.0% 1,732 43.5% 19 years and over 5,024,639 75.7% 748,903 75.0% 2,250 56.5%

Average household size 2.7 2.5 4.5 Average family size 3.3 3.1 4.8

Total households 2,412,212 389,658 875 Family households 1,581,380 65.6% 239,972 61.6% 746 85.3% Husband-wife family 1,142,828 47.4% 97,482 25.0% 336 38.4% Male householder, no wife present 131,803 5.5% 20,603 5.3% 118 13.5% Female householder, no husband present 306,749 12.7% 49,826 12.8% 372 42.5%

Nonfamily households 830832 34.4% 149686 38.4% 129 14.7% Householder living alone 659,485 27.3% 119767 30.7% 93 10.6% 65 years and over living alone 242,076 10.0% 45280 11.6% 24 2.7%

Households with one or more people under 18 years 767,607 31.8% 110,011 28.2% 527 60.2% Family Households: With own children under 18 years 677,012 28.1% 97,482 25.0% 336 38.4% Male householder, children under 18 years 67,558 2.8% 9,631 2.5% 47 5.4% Female householder, children under 18 years 172,563 7.2% 27,407 7.0% 207 23.7% Source: 2011-2015 ACS

Children Under 18 Years Age Living with Grandparent

Children under age 18 are three times more likely to live with grandparents on the Pascua Yaqui Tribe (7.6%) than they are at the State (2.5%) or in the County (2.1%). There are few differences between the proportions of children by age living with grandparents; the only exception is that slightly more children 5 years or older who live with their grandparents (58.2%) than at the State or County levels. See Table11 and Figure 10.

Table 11. Children under 18 years of age living with a grandparent householder

Pascua Yaqui Arizona Pima County Tribe Grandparents living with own grandchildren under 18 years 166232 2.5% 21200 2.1% 302 7.6% Grandparents responsible for grandchildren 64681 38.9% 8382 39.5% 194 64.2% Less than 1 year 14491 22.4% 1736 20.7% 34 17.5% 1 or 2 years 14319 22.1% 1701 20.3% 28 14.4% 3 or 4 years 9947 15.4% 1397 16.7% 19 9.8% 5 or more years 25924 40.1% 3548 42.3% 113 58.2% Source: 2011-2015 ACS

Figure 10. Percentage of children under 18 living with a grandparent householder

Children under 18 years or age living with grandparent householder (Source: 2011-2015 ACS) 7.6%

2.5% 2.1%

Arizona Pima County Pascua Yaqui Tribe

Household Income

The median household income for the Pascua Yaqui Tribe is $28,087, less than both the County ($46,162) and the State ($50,255). Tribal members are more likely to have lower household incomes than either the State or the County. In fact households are almost twice as likely to have incomes of less the $25,000 (43.5%) than is the State (24.0%), or the County (27.1%). Tribal members (27.7%) are likely to have the same household incomes between $25,000 and $49,999 as the State (25.7%) and the County (26.2%). Correspondingly, tribal households are more than half as likely (7.2%) to have incomes over $100,000 than the State (19.9%) and the County (17.5%). See Table 12, and Figure 11.

Table 12. Household Income (In 2015 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars)

Arizona Pima County Pascua Yaqui Tribe Total households 2,412,212 389,658 875 Less than $10,000 185,629 7.7% 32,635 8.4% 151 17.3% $10,000 to $14,999 125,386 5.2% 24,688 6.3% 98 11.2% $15,000 to $24,999 268,065 11.1% 48,411 12.4% 132 15.1% $25,000 to $34,999 267,669 11.1% 45,610 11.7% 129 14.7% $35,000 to $49,999 352,984 14.6% 56,634 14.5% 113 12.9% $50,000 to $74,999 446,513 18.5% 69,323 17.8% 138 15.8% $75,000 to $99,999 285,636 11.8% 43,973 11.3% 51 5.8% $100,000 to $149,999 288,720 12.0% 42,197 10.8% 46 5.3% $150,000 to $199,999 99,975 4.1% 13,921 3.6% 17 1.9% $200,000 or more 91,635 3.8% 12,266 3.1% - 0.0% Source: 2011-2015 ACS

Figure 11. Percentage of household income by range

Household Income (2015 Inflation Adjusted Dollars (Source: ACS 2010)

42% 38%

31% 29% 24% 22% 23% 20% 17% 18% 18% 18%

<$20,000 $20,000 to $40,000 $40,000 to $60,000 $60,000+

Arizona Pima County Pascua Yaqui Tribe

Supplemental Income

Households on the Pascua Yaqui Tribe are twenty times as likely to receive Food Stamps (55%) than are residents of the State (2%) and the County (15%). They are also three times more likely (13%) to receive public assistance income than the State (4%) or the County (3%). They also tend to have more retirement income (15%) than the State at large (13%) but lower than the County (22%). See Table 13 and Figure 12.

Figure 12. Supplemental Income

Supplemental Income (Source: 2011-2015 ACS)

54.9%

34.1% 32.0%

25.1% 21.9% 19.9% 15.0% 15.3% 13.9% 13.5% 13.5%

4.9% 4.2% 2.7% 2.3%

Social Security Supplemental Cash public Food Stamp/SNAP Retirement Income Income Security Income (SSI) assistance income

Arizona Pima County Pascua Yaqui Tribe

Table 13. Household Income and Benefits (In 2015 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars)

Pascua Pima Yaqui Arizona County Tribe Total households 2,412,212 389,658 875 Less than $10,000 185,629 32,635 151 $10,000 to $14,999 125,386 24,688 98 $15,000 to $24,999 268,065 48,411 132 $25,000 to $34,999 267,669 45,610 129 $35,000 to $49,999 352,984 56,634 113 $50,000 to $74,999 446,513 69,323 138 $75,000 to $99,999 285,636 43,973 51 $100,000 to $149,999 288,720 42,197 46 $150,000 to $199,999 99,975 13,921 17 $200,000 or more 91,635 12,266 0 Median household income in the past 12 months (in 2015 inflation-adjusted dollars) $50,255 $46,162 $28,087 Households Earnings 1,804,676 284,424 687 Households with Social Security 771,485 132,949 220 Households with Supplemental Security Income (SSI) 480,074 19,002 122 Households with cash public assistance income 102,392 10,638 118 Households with food stamp benefits SNAP in the past 12 months 56,036 58,498 480 Households with retirement income 325,831 85,166 134 Mean Household Income $68,297 $63,944 $39,191 Mean Household Earnings $68,904 $61,947 $39,120 Mean Household Social Security Income $18,862 $18,469 $12,769 Mean Household Supplemental Security Income $9,698 $9,782 $8,351 Mean household cash public assistance income $3,188 $3,264 $3,471 Mean Household Retirement Income $24,807 $27,612 $11,496 Source: 2011-2015 ACS

Other Income

Per capita Income on the Pascua Yaqui Tribe ($9,468) is almost one third of the per capita income for the County ($25,729) or the State ($25,848). There is a relatively small gap between median earnings for male full-time year round workers ($28,690) and females ($27,361). See Table 14

Table 14. Other Income Measures (In 2015 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars)

Pima Pascua Arizona County Yaqui Tribe Per-capita income $25,848 $25,729 $9,468 Median nonfamily income $32,283 $29,440 $10,221 Mean nonfamily income $45,752 $42,162 $19,697 All male full-time workers 1,135,824 161,327 330 All female full-time workers 833,743 120,591 359 Median earnings for workers $29,627 $25,916 $16,733 Median earnings for male full-time, year-round workers $45,090 $43,362 $28,690 Median earnings for female full-time, year-round workers $37,264 $35,274 $27,361 Source: 2011-2015 ACS

Poverty

Poverty rates on the Pascua Yaqui Tribe (46%) are more than twice the State (18%) and the County (19%) rates. More than half the children under 18 years of age (53%) are considered to be living in poverty, while one-third (42%) of those between 18 and 64 also live in poverty. More than one-third (38%) of tribal members over 65 years of age live in poverty, five times the State (9%) and the County (9%) rates. Correspondingly high numbers of families (41%) live in poverty. See Table 15 and Figure 13.

Table 15 Poverty Status over the Last 12 Months

Pascua Yaqui Arizona Pima County Tribe Persons for whom poverty status is determined 6,488,917 % 972,309 3,934 Persons below poverty 1,180,690 18% 187,250 19% 1,820 46% Persons under 18 for whom poverty status is determined 1,590,936 215,805 1,540 Persons under 18 in poverty 412,953 26% 59,439 28% 820 53% Persons aged 18 to 64 for whom poverty status is determined 3,890,111 587,786 2,203 Persons aged 18 to 64 in poverty 678,960 18% 113,455 19% 928 42% Persons over 65 for whom poverty status is determined 1,007,870 168,718 191 Persons over 65 in poverty 88,777 9% 14,356 9% 72 38% Persons in families for whom poverty status is determined 5,225,384 81% 752,676 77% 3,558 90% Unrelated individuals for whom poverty status is determined 1,263,533 219,633 376 Unrelated persons in poverty 15 years and over 346,628 27% 66,758 30% 235 63% Persons in families in poverty 834,062 16% 120,492 16% 1,585 45% Family households in poverty 210,204 13% 31,958 13% 306 41% Source: 2011-2015 ACS

Figure 13. Persons in Poverty by Age

Persons in Poverty by Age (Source: 2011-2015 ACS)

53%

46% 45% 42% 38%

28% 26%

19% 19% 18% 18% 16% 16%

9% 9%

Persons below poverty Persons under 18 in Persons aged 18 to 64 Persons over 65 in Persons in families in poverty in poverty poverty poverty

Arizona Pima County Pascua Yaqui Tribe

Children in Poverty

The rates of children under 18 years of age living in poverty are higher for the tribe (46%) than for the State (18%) or the County (19%). The largest proportion of children under age 18 living in poverty is for the under 5 year age cohort (13.5%), where the tribe has a rate that is twice the State (6.3%) and higher than the County (9.5%). ACS Table B17001 was used to create this table. See Table 16.

Table 16. Poverty Status over the Last 12 Months - Children in Poverty

Pascua Yaqui Arizona Pima County Tribe Persons for whom poverty status is determined 6,488,917 % 972,309 % 3,934 % Persons with income below poverty level: 1,180,690 18.2% 187,250 19.3% 1,820 46.3% Children under 5 in households with income below poverty level 74,443 6.3% 17,835 9.5% 245 13.5% Children 5 to 11 years in households with income below poverty level 166,520 14.1% 43,271 23.1% 318 17.5% Children 12 to 17 years in households with income below poverty level 124,031 10.5% 36,805 19.7% 290 15.9% Source: 2011-2015 ACS, Table B17001

Persons in Poverty

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who is poor. If a family’s income is less than a family’s threshold, then that family and every individual in it, is considered poor. Further the ratio of income to poverty can be used to measure the degree or depth of poverty. The ratio of income to poverty compares a person’s income with their poverty threshold, and expresses the comparison as a fraction. For example, a poverty ratio of 1.0 (income at 100% of poverty level) means a person is living right at the poverty line; a ratio of 0.5 (income at 50% of poverty level) would mean that a person is living in a household making only half the income designated as the poverty threshold. The Census Bureau describes those with family incomes below one half of their poverty threshold as being “severely poor.” People with incomes at or above their threshold but below 125 percent of their threshold are classified as “near poor.”

One-third (46.3%) of those living on Pascua Yaqui Tribe are classified as “severely poor,” with poverty ratios that ranges from below 0.5 to .99. These rates are twice those of the State (18.2%) and the County (19.2%). A further 6.6 percent of tribal members are classified as “near poor” with poverty ratios between 1.00 and 1.24. These data indicate that 53 percent of the Pascua Yaqui households are living in poverty, while the remaining 47percent are classified as not living in poverty. See Table 17 and Figure 14. ACS Table C17002 was used to create this table.

Table 17. Persons within Poverty Rates

Arizona Pima County Pascua Yaqui Tribe Persons for whom poverty status is determined 6,488,917 972,309 3,934 Under .50 554,367 8.5% 86,037 8.8% 877 22.3% .50 to .99 626,323 9.7% 101,213 10.4% 943 24.0% 1.00 to 1.24 343,500 5.3% 53,073 5.5% 260 6.6% 1.25 to 1.49 344,880 5.3% 53,311 5.5% 359 9.1% 1.50 to 1.84 455,541 7.0% 70,586 7.3% 298 7.6% 1.85 to 1.99 190,079 2.9% 26,096 2.7% 122 3.1% 2.00 and over 3,974,227 61.2% 581,993 59.9% 1,075 27.3% Source: 2011-2015 ACS, Table C17002

Figure 14. Households by Poverty Ratios

Persons by Poverty Rates (Source: 2011-2015 ACS)

71.2% 69.8%

46.3% 38.0%

19.3% 18.2%

5.3% 9.1% 5.5% 6.6% 5.3% 5.5%

Severly Poor (Under .50) On Poverty Line (1.0 to 1.24) Near Poverty (1.25 to 1.49) Not Poor (1.50 to 2.0 and over)

Arizona Pima County Pascua Yaqui Tribe

Households Receiving Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)

One-half (54.9%) of all households on the Pascua Yaqui Reservation receive assistance from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). This rate is at least three times higher than the State (13.5%) or the County (15.0%). One-tenth of households receiving SNAP assistance (11.4%) have at least one person in the household over 60 years of age. This rate is higher than the County (4.1%), and more than three times the State (3.5%) rate. See Table 18. ACS Table S2201 was used to create this table.

Table 18. Households Receiving SNAP Assistance

Pascua Pima Yaqui Arizona County Tribe Total households 2,412,212 389,658 875 Households receiving food stamps/SNAP 325,831 58,498 480 With one or more people in the household 60 years and over 85,069 16,073 100 No people in the household 60 years and over 240,762 42,425 380 Households did not receive food stamps/SNAP 2,086,381 331,160 395 With one or more people in the household 60 years and over 840,969 142,777 111 No people in the household 60 years and over 1,245,412 188,383 284 Source: 2011-2015 ACS, Table S2201

Fertility

The birth rate for women between the ages of 15 and 50 years is higher for the Pascua Yaqui Tribe (13.1%) than for the State (5.4%) or the County (5.5%). The proportion of unmarried women giving birth on the Pascua Yaqui Tribe (14.9%) is three times the State rate (3.7%) and the County (3.7%). The births per 1,000 unmarried women are four times as high for Pascua Yaqui (150 per 1,000) as the State (37) or the County (38). See Table 19 and Figure 15.

Table 19. Fertility

Pascua Pima Yaqui Arizona County Tribe Women 15 to 50 years old 1,550,356 230,462 1,016 Unmarried women 15 to 50 years old 883,019 138,050 788 Women 15 to 50 years old who had a birth in the past 12 months 85,255 12,679 133 Unmarried women who gave birth 32,962 5,208 118 Women 15 to 19 years of age 4,262 466 21 Women 20 to 34 years of age 63,694 10,021 107 Women 35 to 50 years of age 17,299 2,192 5 Births per 1,000 unmarried women 37 38 150 Births per 1,000 women 15 to 50 years old 55 55 131 Births per 1,000 women 15 to 19 years old 19 14 144 Births per 1,000 women 20 to 34 years old 96 97 221 Births per 1,000 women 35 to 50 years old 26 23 13 Source: 2011-2015 ACS

Figure 15. Birth Rates per-1000 Women

Birth per 1,000 Women (Source: 2011-2015 ACS) 250

200

150

100

0 Unmarried Women 15 to 50Women 15 to 19Women 20 to 34Women 35 to 50 women years old years old years old years old

Arizona Pima County Pascua Yaqui Tribe

These data provide a snapshot in time for the Pascua Yaqui Tribe, primarily the status of the population at the time of the 2011-2015 American Community Survey estimates for the period.

APPENDIX A: THE PASCUA YAQUI TRIBE AMERICAN COMMUNITY SURVEY 2011-2015, 5-YEAR ESTIMATES MARGIN OF ERROR ESTIMATES

ACS Margin of Error Estimates The ACS estimates are based on data from a sample of housing units and people in the population, not the full populations. For this reason, ACS estimates have a degree of uncertainty associated with them, called sampling error. In general, the larger the sample, the smaller the level of sampling error. The ACS calculates standard errors for each estimate produced and publishes the 90 percent confidence level margins of error (the Census Bureau standard). You can be 90 percent confident that the interval within the margin of error from the estimate includes the true value. Users can add and subtract the margin of error value from the estimate to find the top and bottom of the range within which the ACS is 90 percent confident that their estimate lies in.

Understanding margin of error A term you will often come across in survey research is "within the margin of error." Most people hear the term frequently during election season when results from polls are reported. Many surveys and polls collect data from a representative sample of a population to make determinations about a larger population. Results would be somewhat different each time the survey is administered to a different representative sample. The margin of error accounts for these differences by calculating an upper and lower boundary the true result would likely fall between if every member of population was surveyed.

For example, in the case of Pascua Yaqui Tribe the ACS has established that there are 3,982 persons present on the Pascua Yaqui Reservation. The survey also indicates that there are 2,031 males and 1,951 females in the total population, with a margin of error of plus or minus (±) 158 males and (±) 157 females. See Table 2 margin of error estimates. The margin of error tells us that if the same survey were administered to the Pascua Yaqui Tribal members again, it is highly probable that the true population for males would be between 1,873 and 2,189 males and similarly that the true population of females would be between 1,794 and 2,108.

TABLE 1 TOTAL POPULATION MOE

Pascua Pima Yaqui Arizona County Tribe Total population 6,641,928 998,537 3,982 Total population MOE 0 0 251

TABLE 2 GENDER RATIOS MOE

Pascua Pima Yaqui Arizona County Tribe Males MOE 845 68 158 Females MOE 845 68 157

TABLE 3. AGE 5 YEAR COHORTS MOE

Pascua Pima Yaqui Arizona County Tribe Total population MOE 0 0 251 Under 5 years MOE 392 98 82 5 to 9 years MOE 3808 1273 74 10 to 14 years MOE 3777 1276 59 15 to 19 years MOE 1001 100 75 20 to 24 years MOE 4624 2105 75 25 to 34 years MOE 855 103 69 35 to 44 years MOE 4771 1607 65 45 to 54 years MOE 555 78 69 55 to 59 years MOE 3190 1143 56 60 to 64 years MOE 3581 1345 29 65 to 74 years MOE 4273 1484 26 75 to 84 years MOE 2919 1096 23 85 years and over MOE 2186 771 5 Median age in years MOE 0.1 .20 .90 5 years and over MOE 280 82 220 15 years and over MOE 390 56 158 Under 18 years of age MOE 5400 1806 139 18 years and over MOE 10025 3761 163 21 years and over MOE 9678 3591 155 25 years and over MOE 8852 3116 138 62 years and over MOE 6223 2224 41 65 years and over MOE 266 83 31 40

FIGURE 3: POPULATION PYRAMID S0101: AGE AND SEX

Subject Pascua Pueblo Yaqui Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, AZ Total Male Female Margin of Margin of Margin of Estimate Error Estimate Error Estimate Error Total population 3,982 +/-251 2,031 +/-158 1,951 +/-157 AGE Under 5 years 11.90% +/-1.9 13.10% +/-2.8 10.60% +/-2.3 5 to 9 years 12.00% +/-1.7 12.10% +/-2.2 12.00% +/-2.6 10 to 14 years 9.20% +/-1.4 9.70% +/-2.0 8.70% +/-1.7 15 to 19 years 10.70% +/-2.1 13.80% +/-3.2 7.50% +/-2.1 20 to 24 years 10.90% +/-1.8 8.40% +/-2.1 13.40% +/-3.4 25 to 29 years 6.80% +/-1.3 6.50% +/-1.9 7.10% +/-1.9 30 to 34 years 4.60% +/-0.9 4.80% +/-1.4 4.40% +/-1.4 35 to 39 years 4.50% +/-1.0 3.60% +/-1.3 5.40% +/-1.4 40 to 44 years 6.40% +/-1.3 5.10% +/-1.7 7.60% +/-1.9 45 to 49 years 5.70% +/-1.4 6.10% +/-1.9 5.30% +/-1.8 50 to 54 years 5.20% +/-1.2 5.90% +/-1.9 4.50% +/-1.0 55 to 59 years 4.90% +/-1.5 3.80% +/-2.2 6.00% +/-1.5 60 to 64 years 2.60% +/-0.7 2.50% +/-1.1 2.60% +/-1.0 65 to 69 years 1.90% +/-0.6 1.50% +/-0.7 2.30% +/-0.8 70 to 74 years 1.00% +/-0.4 0.90% +/-0.5 1.00% +/-0.6 75 to 79 years 1.00% +/-0.4 0.80% +/-0.5 1.10% +/-0.6 80 to 84 years 0.90% +/-0.4 1.20% +/-0.6 0.50% +/-0.5 85 years and over 0.10% +/-0.1 0.10% +/-0.2 0.10% +/-0.2

SELECTED AGE CATEGORIES 5 to 14 years 21.20% +/-2.5 21.80% +/-3.1 20.70% +/-3.3 15 to 17 years 6.80% +/-1.6 8.90% +/-2.4 4.60% +/-1.7 18 to 24 years 14.80% +/-2.0 13.40% +/-2.7 16.40% +/-3.3 15 to 44 years 43.70% +/-2.7 42.20% +/-3.8 45.40% +/-3.8 16 years and over 64.40% +/-2.3 61.60% +/-3.6 67.40% +/-3.1 18 years and over 60.10% +/-2.4 56.20% +/-4.0 64.20% +/-3.1 60 years and over 7.40% +/-1.1 7.10% +/-1.6 7.60% +/-1.4 62 years and over 6.40% +/-1.0 6.50% +/-1.5 6.30% +/-1.2 65 years and over 4.80% +/-0.8 4.60% +/-1.2 5.00% +/-1.1 75 years and over 2.00% +/-0.6 2.20% +/-0.9 1.70% +/-0.9

TABLE 4. AGE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION MOE

Pascua Pima Yaqui Arizona County Tribe Males MOE 845 68 158 Males 18 years old and over MOE 648 36 108 Males 65 years old and over MOE 3615 1318 25 Females MOE 845 68 157 Females 18 years old and over MOE 554 36 100 Females 65 years old and over MOE 4300 1503 25

TABLE 5 AGE MOE

Pascua Pima Yaqui Arizona County Tribe Total population MOE 0 0 251 Males MOE 845 68 158 Females MOE 845 68 157 Under 5 years MOE 392 98 82 5 to 9 years MOE 3808 1273 74 10 to 14 years MOE 3777 1276 59 15 to 19 years MOE 1001 100 75 20 to 24 years MOE 4624 2105 75 25 to 34 years MOE 855 103 69 35 to 44 years MOE 4771 1607 65 45 to 54 years MOE 555 78 69 55 to 59 years MOE 3190 1143 56 60 to 64 years MOE 3581 1345 29 65 to 74 years MOE 4273 1484 26 75 to 84 years MOE 2919 1096 23 85 years and over MOE 2186 771 5 Median age in years MOE 0.1 .20 .90 Under 18 years of age MOE 5400 1806 139 18 years and over MOE 10025 3761 163 21 years and over MOE 9678 3591 155 25 years and over MOE 8852 3116 138 62 years and over MOE 6223 2224 41 65 years and over MOE 266 83 31

TABLE 6 RACE MOE

Pascua Pima Yaqui Arizona County Tribe One Race MOE 14284 4680 269 White alone MOE 10167 3096 68 Black or African American MOE 2672 1087 11 American Indian and Alaska Native MOE 2084 1121 246 Asian MOE 1909 817 71 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander MOE 774 213 12 Some other race MOE 9216 3027 45 Two or more races MOE 4480 1776 85 White (alone or in combination) MOE 9838 2949 88 Black (alone or in combination) MOE 2388 1133 53 American Indian (alone or in combination) MOE 2924 1247 254 Asian (alone or in combination) MOE 1777 858 76 Native Hawaiian (alone or in combination) MOE 1277 496 12 Some other race (alone or in combination) MOE 9372 3141 65

TABLE 7 HISPANIC OR LATINO MOE

Pascua Pima Yaqui Arizona County Tribe Hispanic or Latino of any race MOE 0 0 168 Not Hispanic or Latino MOE 0 0 283 Not Hispanic or Latino - White alone MOE 834 408 30 Not Hispanic -Black or African American alone MOE 2194 762 10 Not Hispanic - American Indian and Alaska Native 740 277 alone MOE 1532 Not Hispanic - Asian alone MOE 1797 715 71 Not Hispanic - Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone MOE 633 214 12

TABLE 8 HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURE MOE

Pascua Pima Yaqui Arizona County Tribe Total households MOE 7194 2028 55 Family households MOE 7010 2230 54 Families with own children under 18 years MOE 6505 1918 50 Married-couple families MOE 8342 2342 42 Married-couple families with own children under 18 years 1495 28 MOE 5518 Male householder, no wife present MOE 2529 973 28 Single fathers with own children under 18 years MOE 1834 609 19 Female householder, no husband present MOE 3854 1359 51 Single mothers with own children under 18 years MOE 2915 1036 37 Householder living alone MOE 467242 84966 66 65 years and over living alone MOE 180309 33705 17 Households with one or more people under 18 years MOE 5616 1615 48 Households with one or more people 65 years and over MOE 3194 866 22 Average household size MOE . . .04 Average family size MOE 0.01 .02 .29

TABLE 9 HOUSEHOLD RELATIONSHIPS MOE

Pascua Pima Yaqui Arizona County Tribe Householder MOE 8450 3206 61 Spouse MOE 8418 2204 39 Child MOE 7237 2559 154 Other relatives MOE 7863 2652 121 Nonrelatives MOE 6700 2196 48 Unmarried partner MOE 3057 1111 32 Unmarried-partner Households per 1000 MOE 0 0 40

TABLE 10 HOUSEHOLD BY TYPE OF HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURE MOE

Pascua Pima Yaqui Arizona County Tribe Total population MOE 0 0 251 Under 18 years of age MOE 5400 1806 139 18 years and over MOE 10025 3761 163 Average household size MOE . . .04 Total households MOE 7194 2028 55 Family households MOE 7010 2230 54 Married-couple families MOE 8342 2342 42 Married-couple families with own children under 18 years MOE 5518 1495 28 Male householder, no wife present MOE 2529 973 28 Single fathers with own children under 18 years MOE 1834 609 19 Female householder, no husband present MOE 3854 1359 51 Single mothers with own children under 18 years MOE 2915 1036 37 Nonfamily households MOE 4718 2304 29 Householder living alone MOE 467242 84966 66 65 years and over living alone MOE 180309 33705 17 Households with one or more people under 18 years MOE 5616 1615 48

TABLE 11 CHILDREN UNDER 18 LIVING WITH GRANDCHILDREN MOE

Pascua Pima Yaqui Arizona County Tribe Grandparents living with own grandchildren under 18 years MOE 3868 1177 67 Grandparents responsible for grandchildren MOE 2130 752 61 Grandparents caring for children less than 1 year old MOE 1102 346 21 Grandparents caring for children 1 to 2 years old MOE 1067 323 20 Grandparents caring for children 3 to 4 years old 347 15 MOE 743 Grandparents caring for children 5 or more years old MOE 1221 443 51

TABLE 12: HOUSEHOLD INCOME MOE

Pascua Pima Yaqui Arizona County Tribe Total households MOE 7194 2028 55 Less than $10,000 MOE 3119 1219 34 $10,000 to $14,999 MOE 2588 1001 25 $15,000 to $24,999 MOE 3555 1634 33 $25,000 to $34,999 MOE 3841 1479 34 $35,000 to $49,999 MOE 4153 1599 31 $50,000 to $74,999 MOE 4933 1826 40 $75,000 to $99,999 MOE 3727 1261 23 $100,000 to $149,999 MOE 3915 1251 19 $150,000 to $199,999 MOE 2354 810 11 $200,000 or more MOE 1912 691 12 Median household income MOE 211 620 2036 Mean household income MOE 341 613 3066 Households with earnings MOE 6876 2034 52 Mean household earnings MOE 364 696 3531 Households with social security MOE 3788 1480 35 Mean household social security income MOE 20 34 1240 Households with retirement income MOE 4149 1458 33 Mean household retirement income MOE 257 852 1595 Households with supplemental security income MOE 2271 976 32 Mean household supplemental security income MOE 167 262 769 Households with cash public assistance income MOE 1519 665 35 Mean household cash public assistance income MOE 132 263 789 Households with food stamp benefits in the past 12 months MOE 3646 1594 49

TABLE 13: HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND BENEFITS MOE

Pascua Pima Yaqui Arizona County Tribe Total households MOE 7194 2028 55 Less than $10,000 MOE 3119 1219 34 $10,000 to $14,999 MOE 2588 1001 25 $15,000 to $24,999 MOE 3555 1634 33 $25,000 to $34,999 MOE 3841 1479 34 $35,000 to $49,999 MOE 4153 1599 31 $50,000 to $74,999 MOE 4933 1826 40 $75,000 to $99,999 MOE 3727 1261 23 $100,000 to $149,999 MOE 3915 1251 19 $150,000 to $199,999 MOE 2354 810 11 $200,000 or more MOE 1912 691 12 Median household income MOE $211 620 2036 Households with earnings MOE 6876 2034 52 Households with social security MOE 3788 1480 35 Households with retirement income MOE 4149 1458 33 Households with supplemental security income MOE 2271 976 32 Households with cash public assistance income MOE 1519 665 35 Households with food stamp benefits in the past 12 months MOE 3646 1594 49 Mean household income MOE $341 613 3066 Mean household earnings MOE $364 696 3531 Mean household social security income MOE $20 34 1240 Mean household retirement income MOE $257 852 1595 Mean household supplemental security income MOE $167 262 769 Mean household cash public assistance income MOE $132 263 789

TABLE 14: OTHER INCOME MEASURES MOE

Pascua Pima Yaqui Arizona County Tribe Per-capita income MOE 123 262 856 Median nonfamily income MOE 223 683 1596 Mean nonfamily income MOE 373 914 6865 All male full-time workers MOE 5500 2098 58 All female full-time workers MOE 5213 2353 59 Median earnings for workers MOE $222 302 1654 Median earnings for male full-time, year- round workers MOE $275 867 2975 Median earnings for female full-time, year- round workers MOE $203 485 2054

TABLE 15: POVERTY MEASURES MOE

Pascua Pima Yaqui Arizona County Tribe Persons for whom poverty status is determined MOE 1611 1329 247 Persons below poverty MOE 14340 4697 220 Persons under 18 for whom poverty 2822 136 status is determined MOE 7989 Persons under 18 in poverty MOE 4849 1812 99 Persons aged 18 to 64 for whom 3546 158 poverty status is determined MOE 8793 Persons aged 18 to 64 in poverty 2475 101 MOE 6086 Persons over 65 for whom poverty 1025 37 status is determined MOE 2909 Persons over 65 in poverty MOE 1995 698 24 Persons in families for whom poverty 7932 325 status is determined MOE 21485 Unrelated individuals for whom 3321 59 poverty status is determined MOE 8205 Persons in families in poverty MOE 13868 4928 226 Family households in poverty MOE 3202 1284 50 Unrelated persons in poverty 15 1803 50 years and over MOE 4757 Poverty ratio under 0.5 MOE 10598 2983 147 Poverty ratio in 0.5 to 0.99 MOE 10550 4039 199 Poverty ratio in 1 to 2 MOE 15951 5809 207 Poverty ratio in 2 and over MOE 17641 5975 197

TABLE 16: POVERTY STATUS IN PAST 12 MONTHS – CHILDREN IN POVERTY MOE – CENSUS TABLE B17001

Pascua Pueblo Yaqui Reservation and Off- Reservation Trust Land, AZ Margin of Estimate Error Total: 3,934 +/-247 Income in the past 12 months below poverty level: 1,820 +/-220 Male: 887 +/-134 Under 5 years 142 +/-46 5 years 10 +/-8 6 to 11 years 143 +/-41 12 to 14 years 70 +/-23 15 years 44 +/-24 16 and 17 years 43 +/-21 18 to 24 years 123 +/-41 25 to 34 years 96 +/-29 35 to 44 years 69 +/-32 45 to 54 years 72 +/-27 55 to 64 years 42 +/-35 65 to 74 years 11 +/-8 75 years and over 22 +/-11 Female: 933 +/-125 Under 5 years 103 +/-38 5 years 11 +/-10 6 to 11 years 147 +/-41 12 to 14 years 55 +/-20 15 years 10 +/-9 16 and 17 years 42 +/-26 18 to 24 years 143 +/-41 25 to 34 years 116 +/-31 35 to 44 years 111 +/-29 45 to 54 years 78 +/-24 55 to 64 years 78 +/-24 65 to 74 years 23 +/-14 75 years and over 16 +/-14 Income in the past 12 months at or above poverty level: 2,114 +/-227 Male: 1,122 +/-140 Under 5 years 117 +/-40

5 years 3 +/-5 6 to 11 years 162 +/-42 12 to 14 years 40 +/-20 15 years 27 +/-15 16 and 17 years 66 +/-30 18 to 24 years 149 +/-43 25 to 34 years 132 +/-42 35 to 44 years 108 +/-32 45 to 54 years 171 +/-46 55 to 64 years 86 +/-28 65 to 74 years 38 +/-16 75 years and over 23 +/-13 Female: 992 +/-130 Under 5 years 86 +/-26 5 years 21 +/-13 6 to 11 years 108 +/-48 12 to 14 years 53 +/-20 15 years 17 +/-11 16 and 17 years 20 +/-11 18 to 24 years 176 +/-55 25 to 34 years 107 +/-35 35 to 44 years 143 +/-38 45 to 54 years 113 +/-30 55 to 64 years 90 +/-29 65 to 74 years 41 +/-14 75 years and over 17 +/-13

TABLE 17 PERSONS WITHIN POVERTY RATES CENSUS TABLE C17002

Pascua Yaqui Indian Reservation, AZ Margin of Estimate Error Total: 3,934 +/-247 Under .50 877 +/-147 .50 to .99 943 +/-199 1.00 to 1.24 260 +/-86 1.25 to 1.49 359 +/-141 1.50 to 1.84 298 +/-106 1.85 to 1.99 122 +/-67 2.00 and over 1,075 +/-197

TABLE 18 TABLE 18 FOOD STAMPS/SNAP – CENSUS TABLE S2201

Subject Pascua Pueblo Yaqui Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, AZ Total Percent Households Percent Households Percent receiving households not receiving households food receiving food not receiving stamps/SNA food stamps/SNA food P stamps/SNA P stamps/SNA P P Estim Mar Estim Mar Estim Mar Estim Mar Estim Mar Estim Mar ate gin ate gin ate gin ate gin ate gin ate gin of of of of of of Erro Erro Erro Erro Erro Erro r r r r r r 875 +/- (X) (X) 480 +/- 54.9 +/- 395 +/- 45.1 +/- Households 55 49 % 4.8 52 % 4.8 With one or more people in the household 60 years and 211 +/- 24.1 +/- 100 +/- 20.8 +/- 111 +/- 28.1 +/- over 29 % 3.1 24 % 4.6 24 % 6.0 664 +/- 75.9 +/- 380 +/- 79.2 +/- 284 +/- 71.9 +/- No people in the household 60 years and over 53 % 3.1 47 % 4.6 49 % 6.0

HOUSEHOLD TYPE 256 +/- 29.3 +/- 93 +/- 19.4 +/- 163 +/- 41.3 +/- Married-couple family 42 % 4.5 26 % 5.4 37 % 7.5 490 +/- 56.0 +/- 324 +/- 67.5 +/- 166 +/- 42.0 +/- Other family: 56 % 5.3 46 % 6.3 39 % 7.7 118 +/- 13.5 +/- 74 +/- 15.4 +/- 44 +/- 11.1 +/- Male householder, no wife present 28 % 3.1 25 % 4.7 20 % 4.9 372 +/- 42.5 +/- 250 +/- 52.1 +/- 122 +/- 30.9 +/- Female householder, no husband present 52 % 5.2 41 % 6.9 30 % 6.3 129 +/- 14.7 +/- 63 +/- 13.1 +/- 66 +/- 16.7 +/- Nonfamily households 29 % 3.2 23 % 4.5 21 % 5.2 527 +/- 60.2 +/- 313 +/- 65.2 +/- 214 +/- 54.2 +/- With children under 18 years 48 % 4.0 43 % 6.3 45 % 7.3 159 +/- 18.2 +/- 73 +/- 15.2 +/- 86 +/- 21.8 +/- Married-couple family 42 % 4.6 26 % 5.3 34 % 7.8 368 +/- 42.1 +/- 240 +/- 50.0 +/- 128 +/- 32.4 +/- Other family: 44 % 4.4 39 % 6.1 30 % 6.1 52

71 +/- 8.1% +/- 49 +/- 10.2 +/- 22 +/- 5.6% +/- Male householder, no wife present 20 2.3 19 % 3.6 15 3.7 297 +/- 33.9 +/- 191 +/- 39.8 +/- 106 +/- 26.8 +/- Female householder, no husband present 43 % 4.5 34 % 6.1 26 % 5.4 0 +/- 0.0% +/- 0 +/- 0.0% +/- 0 +/- 0.0% +/- Nonfamily households 12 3.9 12 7.0 12 8.5 348 +/- 39.8 +/- 167 +/- 34.8 +/- 181 +/- 45.8 +/- No children under 18 years 41 % 4.0 36 % 6.3 33 % 7.3 97 +/- 11.1 +/- 20 +/- 4.2% +/- 77 +/- 19.5 +/- Married-couple family 23 % 2.6 12 2.5 22 % 5.4 122 +/- 13.9 +/- 84 +/- 17.5 +/- 38 +/- 9.6% +/- Other family: 29 % 3.2 24 % 4.7 17 4.0 47 +/- 5.4% +/- 25 +/- 5.2% +/- 22 +/- 5.6% +/- Male householder, no wife present 19 2.1 15 2.9 12 3.0 75 +/- 8.6% +/- 59 +/- 12.3 +/- 214 +/- 4.1% +/- Female householder, no husband present 27 3.0 23 % 4.5 45 2.5 129 +/- 14.7 +/- 63 +/- 13.1 +/- 66 +/- 16.7 +/- Nonfamily households 29 % 3.2 23 % 4.5 21 % 5.2

POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS 391 +/- 44.7 +/- 316 +/- 65.8 +/- 75 +/- 19.0 +/- Below poverty level 54 % 5.2 50 % 6.9 23 % 5.2 484 +/- 55.3 +/- 164 +/- 34.2 +/- 320 +/- 81.0 +/- At or above poverty level 52 % 5.2 35 % 6.9 46 % 5.2

DISABILITY STATUS 399 +/- 45.6 +/- 225 +/- 46.9 +/- 174 +/- 44.1 +/- With one or more people with a disability 52 % 5.0 39 % 6.0 36 % 8.1 476 +/- 54.4 +/- 255 +/- 53.1 +/- 221 +/- 55.9 +/- With no persons with a disability 50 % 5.0 36 % 6.0 47 % 8.1

RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDER 32 +/- 3.7% +/- 22 +/- 4.6% +/- 10 +/-8 2.5% +/- White alone 20 2.3 18 3.6 2.0 2 +/-3 0.2% +/- 2 +/-3 0.4% +/- 0 +/- 0.0% +/- Black or African American alone 0.3 0.6 12 8.5

782 +/- 89.4 +/- 430 +/- 89.6 +/- 352 +/- 89.1 +/- American Indian and Alaska Native alone 58 % 3.4 50 % 4.6 50 % 5.2 12 +/- 1.4% +/- 0 +/- 0.0% +/- 12 +/- 3.0% +/- Asian alone 14 1.6 12 7.0 14 3.6 0 +/- 0.0% +/- 0 +/- 0.0% +/- 0 +/- 0.0% +/- Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 12 3.9 12 7.0 12 8.5 7 +/-7 0.8% +/- 3 +/-4 0.6% +/- 4 +/-6 1.0% +/- Some other race alone 0.8 0.8 1.4 40 +/- 4.6% +/- 23 +/- 4.8% +/- 17 +/- 4.3% +/- Two or more races 16 1.7 12 2.5 12 3.0

215 +/- 24.6 +/- 120 +/- 25.0 +/- 95 +/- 24.1 +/- Hispanic or Latino origin (of any race) 40 % 4.7 32 % 6.6 27 % 6.7 3 +/-4 0.3% +/- 0 +/- 0.0% +/- 3 +/-4 0.8% +/- White alone, not Hispanic or Latino 0.5 12 7.0 1.0

HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (IN 2015 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS) 28,08 +/- (X) (X) 21,25 +/- (X) (X) 41,79 +/- (X) (X) 7 2,03 0 3,49 7 7,03 Median income (dollars) 6 3 9

WORK STATUS 746 +/- (X) (X) 417 +/- (X) (X) 329 +/- (X) (X) Families 54 46 51 111 +/- 14.9 +/- 72 +/- 17.3 +/- 39 +/- 11.9 +/- No workers in past 12 months 31 % 3.9 25 % 5.6 17 % 4.9 328 +/- 44.0 +/- 199 +/- 47.7 +/- 129 +/- 39.2 +/- 1 worker in past 12 months 43 % 5.1 35 % 6.5 32 % 8.2 307 +/- 41.2 +/- 146 +/- 35.0 +/- 161 +/- 48.9 +/- 2 or more workers in past 12 months 51 % 5.9 33 % 7.0 42 % 9.6

TABLE 19: FERTILITY

Pascua Pima Yaqui Arizona County Tribe Women 15 to 50 years old MOE 1746 451 99 Unmarried women 15 to 50 years old MOE 5969 1878 130 Women 15 to 50 years old who had a birth in the past 852 52 12 months MOE 2125 Unmarried women who gave birth MOE 1402 592 49 Women 15 to 19 years of age MOE 455 161 18 Women 20 to 34 years of age MOE 1866 708 50 Women 35 to 50 years of age MOE 876 307 6 Births per 1,000 unmarried women MOE 0 0 60 Births per 1,000 women 15 to 50 years old MOE 0 0 50 Births per 1,000 women 15 to 19 years old MOE 0 0 110 Births per 1,000 women 20 to 34 years old MOE 0 10 110 Births per 1,000 women 35 to 50 years old MOE 0 0 10