June 15, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19899 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS VETERANS' PENSION AMENDMENTS Without this legislation, the social se­ patient services to help the men and curity benefits approved last year to aid women amicted with MS. We must do the many older Americans who find it everything possible to aid national efforts HON. MARIO BIAGGI very difficult to live on their limited in­ to cure multiple sclerosis, to prevent the OF NEW YORK comes would have no effect on the in­ personal tragedies that have occurred to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES comes of our veterans. The legislation is Ridge Canaday and many other young Friday, June 15, 1973 most worthwhile and I urged the com­ Americans. Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, the House mittee to report it favorably. Subcommittee on Compensation and Let us remember that the men and Pension is considering two of my bills women who would be helped by these TAX CREDIT FOR HIGHER EDUCA­ two bills are those who put their lives TION EXPENSES which are of great importance to veter­ on the line in defense of this country. ans in the United States. These are the people who fought our The first bill, H.R. 2793, would provide battles in the field and who helped keep HON. GARNER E. SHRIVER for a separate non-service-connected OF KANSAS disability pension to be paid to veterans America alive and free. We owe it to age 72 and over without regard to in­ them now to let them know we still re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES member their valiant efforts on our be­ Friday, June 15, 1973 come. The second bill, H.R. 2794, would half in wars past. exclude recent increases in social security Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, the Presi­ payments from the amount of earnings dent has stated repeatedly his goal of a used to determine eligibility for veterans post-secondary educational opportunity pension. MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS "FATHER for all who wish to pursue it. The higher With regard to H.R. 2793, at the pres­ OF THE YEAR" education budget request for fiscal 1974 ent time pensions are paid to all veterans reflects the administration's approach based on a formula which decreases their to this goal: A greater reliance on the pension as their income from other HON. RICHARD S. SCHWEIKER basic opportunity grants and a strength­ sources increases. This is similar to the ened guaranteed loan program for stu­ formula in operation for recipients of OF PENNSYLVANIA dent financial assistance. The Labor­ social security benefits. What I am pro­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Health, Education and Welfare Appro­ posing is the elimination of this earn­ Friday, June 15, 1973 priations Subcommittee, where I serve, ings limitation for veterans age 72 and Mr. SCHWEIKER. Mr. President, re­ will soon report its recommendations re­ over, just as we have eliminated the limi­ cently, I had the pleasure of meeting H. garding this appro·ach. tation for social security recipients. Ridge Canaday, the National Multiple However, congressional action on di­ The Veterans' Administration informs Sclerosis "Father of the Year.'' rect student assistance and guaranteed me that there are approximately 1.3 mil­ Ridge Canaday, from Williamsport, loans cannot fully meet the growing need lion veterans who would receive either Pa., was stricken with multiple sclerosis caused by mushrooming college and voca­ an increase in their pensions or who at age 24, while on active duty as a NaVY tional training costs. I have joined a bi­ would become eligible for pensions if this jet pilot in 1966. He is married, father partisan, cross-sectional group in the legislation is passed. This would cost ap­ of a 3 ¥2 year-old boy, and confined to House in sponsoring tax credit legisla­ proximately $1.4 billion annually. a wheelchair. tion for higher education expenses. Our While I feel that this pension should Recently, he was honored at the White bill, H.R. 8328, provides an annual tax be paid to our veterans-all of whom House by Mrs. Richard M. Nixon as Na­ credit of up to $675 on the first $1500 fought in the first two world wars-I tional MS Father of the Year, and he paid by an individual or individuals for realize that this cost could have a serious accepted a plaque from the First Lady higher education. It will apply to the impact on the Federal budget at a time on behalf of hundreds of thousands of legitmate expenses for tuition, fees, when we are trying to limit Federal young Americans who are amicted by this books, supples and required equipment expenditures. Therefore, I have proposed crippling, chronic neurological disease. for any student attending an institution that the committee amend my bill to Today we know of no cure for MS. We of higher education, be it public or pri­ provide an increase in the limitation on know of no preventive. We do not even vate college, vocational school, or busi­ earnings to $10,000 for those veterans know of any very effective treatment for ness school. age 72 and over. This would lessen the this disease, but we are getting there. The bill specifically states that the cost considerably, yet help a great many Mr. Ralph I. Straus of New York re­ term "higher education" includes col­ more veterans. cently put up a $100,000 research award leges, business or trade schools, or tech­ This is a fair and equitable compro­ for the first scientist or team of scientists nical institutions. Thus, the bill allows mise and one that will still bring relief to come up with an effective control for an important choice for students in the from the financial woes suffered by many MS. That prize, the largest in American kind of education they will pursue. of our older veterans. I urged the com­ medical history, is expected to provide Another important choice is provided mittee to accept the bill in its present a strong incentive for further research in that the tax credit applies for ex­ form, but if that is difficult, at least in into multiple sclerosis. Looking into that penses at both public and private institu­ the modified form with the $10,000 earn­ research, and the directions it should tions. This is very important in view of ings limitation. take, is the nine-member National Advi­ the economic problems now facing our With regard to H.R. 2794, this is de­ sory Commission on Multiple Sclerosis, smaller, private educational institutions, signed to allow for the increases in so­ which was established under the provi­ most of which are more expensive than cial security granted by the last Congress. sion of a bill passed in the Senate last tax-supported public colleges. Under present laws all veterans receive October and later signed into law by I want to point out that this tax credit a decrease in their pensions equal to the President Nixon. I strongly supported this is available to anyone who pays the ex­ amount of the increase in social security measure as ranking Republican on the penses of a student. It is available to the or other benefits they receive. Senate Health Subcommittee, and was student, the student's family, or any In the past, whenever a social security proud to participate in winning Senate other person who furnishes all or a por­ increase was granted, the committee had passage. tion of the student's expenses. The credit the wisdom to increase the amount of so­ I want to commend Ridge Canaday, is prorated according to the portion of cial security income excludable from the and the members of the National total expe.nses paid by each taxpayer. earnings limitation formula for veterans Multiple Sclerosis Society, for their In this way, we hope to stimulate an in­ pensions. This bill would accomplish just outstanding efforts in helping to educate crease in private scholarships to deserv­ that with respect to the latest social se­ Americans about this disease, in aiding ing students from college alumni and ~urity increases. research to find a cure, and in providing others, thus to enlist a larger amount of CXIX--1256-Pa.rt 16 19900 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 15, 1973 private money to meet a national need. made first commercial flight Maine to A SAD ANNIVERSARY FOR The bill provides a 100 percent tax Florida; coorganized air traffic control LITHUANIAN-AMERICANS credit on the first $200 spent on the cost system; colonel (ret.), USAF. of higher education; 75 percent on the Parker D. Cramer (deceased) .-Early HON. WILLIAM F. WALSH next $300; and 25 percent on the next military aviator; barnstormer and fixed $1,000. The tax credit would be reduced base operator; made many long-distance OF NEW YORK by an amount equal to 1 percent of a tax­ flights, including the Antarctic expedi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES payers income over $25,000. tion and Detroit-Copenhagen. Friday, June 15, 1973 Mr. Speaker, the entire thrust of the Dan Grecco, Portland, Oreg.-Made Mr. WALSH. Mr. Speaker, I would administration's higher education pro­ first flight in 1911 at Portland; distin­ like to remind my colleagues that this posals is on aid to institutions through guished barnstorming pilot/mechanic, is a day of sorrow and reflection for aid to students. I do not quarrel with that latter for more than 50 years; serviced Lithuanian-Americans and Lithuanians as long as the aid to the colleges is suf­ Lindbergh's Spirit of St. Louis; civilian throughout the world. ficient. This tax credit legislation should instructor for Army in World War I. On this day in 1940, the Soviet Union be favorably considered as one important Bennett H. "Bennie" Griffin, Washing­ forcibly annexed Lithuania. Since then part of our student assistance package. ton, D.C.-Military and civilian pilot of the proud people of that country have Vital financial assistance can be provided note; early manager of Washington Na­ continuously struggled to reject the op­ to our institutions of higher education tional Airport; drafted Air Inspection pressive Communist system from their through this cooperative government­ Systems for U.S.A.F.; established flight soil. taxpayer effort. Prompt action by the record. America to Berlin in 1932; colo­ The postwar history of Lithuania House Ways and Means Committee is nel VIRGINIA tinguished "Hump" pilot of World War this depopulation in comparison to the II; colonel Ohio-One of America's greatest acro­ viet Union. This steadfast policy of the to fly airmail; and an aerial veteran batic pilots; military combat pilot in United States gives succor to the Lithu­ Marine of World War I. World War II; winner of NBAA's Meri­ anian people and reinforces their deter­ Alexander Graham Bell (deceased) .­ torious Award while aviation manager mination to await national independence Coworker with Glenn Curtiss in early for Marathon Oil Co. while it also discourages the Soviet pol­ development of heavier than air; devel­ Leonard J. Povey, Fort Lauderdale, icies of Russification and effective ab­ oped the first successful airplane inde­ Fla.-Once commanded aviation for sorption of Lithuania, Latvia, and Es­ pendent of the Wright brothers. Cuban Government; distinguished acro­ tonia into the Soviet Union. Anthony A. Bitetti, Gardena, Calif.­ batic pilot; leading fixed base operator The 89th U.S. Congress, during its More than 50 years in civil and military for executive aircraft; held executive 2d session, was explicit in its determi­ aviation; early organizer of flying clubs; posts with Fairchild Aircraft and Mackey nation to forestall any Russification and participated in overseas flights; 30 years Airlines. absorption of the Baltic States by the with American Airlines; specialized in Lloyd C. Stearman, Northridge, Calif.­ Soviet Union when it adopted House Con­ aircraft repair and overhaul. Early builder of aircraft; designer, engi­ current Resolution 416, which urges the Clyde V. Cessna (deceased) .-Built and neer, and pilot; built thousands of President to bring up for discussion the flew his first airplane in 1911; one of trainers for the military; was consultant question of the status of the Baltic States America's bes·t known aviation engineers; to major aircraft manufacturers. in the United Nations and other inter­ produced many recordbreaking aircraft; Noel Wien, Bellevue, Washington national forums. The European Secu­ organized and developed Cessna Aircraft _State.-Pioneered aviation in Alaska; rity Conference is such an international Co. conducted first "Bush" rescue service; forum. The Lithuanian-American Com­ Harry D. Copeland, Fort Lauderdale, made first flight, Alaska to Siberia; first munity of the U.S.A., Inc., asks your sup­ Fla.-First flight in 1911 in pusher air­ to fly beyond the Arctic Circle; founder port in urging the U.S. delegates to craft; early commercial pllot/opera,tor; of Wien Airlines. openly state the U.S. policy of nonrecog- June 15, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19901 nition and raise the Baltic question di­ spected by the Congress. Under his lead­ haps the most powerful forces at work in rectly as Congress has specified. ership, I see a new day coming and a the world today. much improved atmosphere in the White The rulers of Russia would do well to House. note that truth, and accept it. With this new support in the White WATERGATE HEARINGS House and with the other appointments recently made by the President, consider­ able activity is now under way on many NATIVE COUPLE SHARES PAST WITH HON. JACK EDWARDS fronts. The Government is moving for­ UNIVERSITY ARCHIVES OF ALABAMA ward, and we must not let Watergate IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES impede our progress. Friday, June 15, 1973 HON. CARL D. PERKINS Mr. EDWARDS of Alabama. Mr. OF KENTUCKY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Speaker, the Watergate hearings con­ THE LITHUANIAN NATION tinue on and on. And the more I see and Friday, June 15, 1973 read the more I become concerned that Mr. PERKINS. Mr. Speaker, I am very the Senate hearings are jeopardizing the HON. FRANK J. BRASCO pleased to share with my colleagues a chances for a successful prosecution of OF NEW YORK bit of personal happiness that I derive the guilty. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES from a well written article appearing on The names of those who may or may Friday, June 15, 1973 April 23 in the Hazard, Ky., Herald, not have been involved are being dragged which I insert in the RECORD. It regards through the mud before the entire Na­ Mr. BRASCO. Mr. Speaker, on June 15, the news that Mr. and Mrs. David Guil­ tion, and when it comes time to select a 1940, the Soviet Union forcibly incorpo­ ford Boleyn will celebrate their 58th jury and hear a case, a strong argument rated the nation of Lithuania into its wedding anniversary this coming Sun­ of prejudice can easily be claimed by the domain, seeking by that action to stamp day, June 17, which incidentally is also defendants. out one of the oldest nationalities in the Fathers Day. In other words, it is going to be very world. Today we remember that day, and by so doing help to maintain the integrity I have known Mr. Boleyn for better difficult to find a jury that does not al­ than 50 years and recall with warmth ready have preconceived ideas as to guilt, of this freedom-loving people. For more than a thousand years, and happiness my early boyhood associa­ because of all the publicity. tions with him. I can add little to the Also, many news reports have been Lithuania and its people made a distinct article except my own personal fondness dealing with unnamed third-party mark on the road to progress of the peo­ for him and my best wishes for him and sources and have been scattered with ples of Europe. A strong ethnic cui ture and identity is perhaps the most remark­ his wife's continuing success and hap­ innuendoes that are doing more harm piness. than good. able hallmark of this people. Mr. Boleyn, a prominent attorney for The situation certainly provides the It was for that very reason that the Soviet regime long viewed these people as 52 years, and his wife, both of whom ground work for a long debate on fair are now 80 years old, reside in Hazard, trial versus free press, and fair trial a menace to the homogenizing effect the Moscow government sought to impose on Ky., and are loved and admired through­ versus separation of powers. We must be out the region. Both are members of careful here to see that constitutional all its peoples. Because the Lithuanians strove to maintain their identity as a pioneer families. Mr. Boleyn is Hazard's rights are not violated. Each is important :first city prosecuting attorney and Mrs. and to sacrifice one for another will people, they incurred the wrath of the Kremlin. Boleyn's father was twice county attor­ harm the entire system. ney of Perry County. She was a school­ The tragedy of Watergate is that the Over the :first few decades of Soviet entire political system has been given a rule, one e1fort after another was teacher before the births of her four mounted to eliminate the identity of children. black eye. There is a tendency to let As the article says, they recently other Government activity slip as we be­ these people. All of them had significant state resources poured into them. All of shared their wisdom and richness of come preoccupied with Watergate. But their folk heritage with the Folklore this must not happen, and, in fact, it is them were pressed with vigor by cadres mobilized from across Russia. Many na­ Archives of Western Kentucky Univer­ not happening. sity. It is important that those responsible tive people of the area were utilized to for Watergate be punished through due make these nationality-eroding cam­ Both are intensely patriotic, vitally in­ process of law but, in the meantime, the paigns a success, and in the end, all of terested in the working of democracy. them were relatively dismal failures. Incidentally, Mr. Boleyn is still going wheels of Government must continue to strong and was in Louisville just this turn. Eventually, the Soviets tried to undo We must not allow Watergate to bog the lives and labor of a thousand years. weekend taking depositions. The article down the operation of Government and By decree of the central government follows: Lithuania as such ceased to exist. Th~ (From the Hazard (Ky.) Herald, Apr. 23, take our attention away from the many 1973] other import~nt issues facing us today. territory and people of that nation were For example, one of the :first jobs the physically incorporated into the Soviet NATIVE COUPLE SHARES PAST WITH UNIVERSTl'Y President had to concern himself with Union, to become another province of ARCHIVES that vast land. "0 good old way, how sweet thou art." was the rebuilding of the White House Bartering goose feathers for sugar, drain­ staff. I think he is off to a good start with That was 33 years ago. Yet in the end ing a carbuncle with a slippery elm probe, the appointment of Melvin Laird as Di­ t~?-is attempt has also failed, and just a~ and getting clothes clean with a battlin' rector of the Domestic Affairs Council dismally as the others. stick-these are only a few of the practices to replace John Erlichman. Gen. Alex­ Lithuanians across the globe have living in the memories of Mr. and Mrs. David ander Haig should do an excellent job in maintained the heritage, culture and Guilford Boleyn who recently relived their replacing Bob Haldeman as the top As­ faith of their forebears. Here the folk heritage and recorded it for the archives i~ of Western Kentucky University. Both now sistant to the President. With these two United States this has been particularly eighty years old a.nd living at 718 Davis appointments the President's legislative true. Our community here has been most Street, they have related experiences, tales, program should move much more vigorous in these efforts. customs, and beliefs-all the warp and woof smoothly now. In what was once Lithuania itself, the of their lives woven by this mountain region. -I have known Mel Laird for 9 years, work has been complemented by Lith­ Firm believers in the value of oral history, :first as a Congressman from Wisconsin uanian nationalism which has found a they have carefully related material they feel and then_as Secretary of Defense. He is variety of expressions, especially in re­ sh~uld be preserved. It is now taped, trans­ cnbed, and ready to be lodged in the univer­ a man. of great integrity and ability and cent years. sity archives for use by future folklore stu­ is well respected in the Congress. More and more, overt assertions of dents. While I do not know General Haig ex­ identity have come to the fore in the An interesting section of the material con­ cept through occasional meetings, he has major cities of that area, proving again cerns old remedies. "Mullen tea" helped colds a fine reputation and is also highly re- that ethnicity 1tnd nationalism are per- and the :flu; a 'slippery elm probe" caused a 19902 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 15, 1973 carbuncle to drain; a hot oak bark "ooze" profession." On the subject of retirement he a third posture toward Nature, which relieved the pain of sprains. More spectacular says, "A lawyer's serVices are rendered to peo­ would say: were the beliefs that a certain "mad stone" ple. And as long as a lawyer is able to do any­ The Bad Guys-the "Planet-plunderers"­ sucked. out the poison of a rabid dogbite and thing to help other people, there's no reason are not to be condoned. But the Good Guys that the seventh son in a succession of sons for him to retire. And, too, the people he has must not become overreacting purists to was endowed by special healing powers, one practiced for over the years will keep coming the point of paralysis. being to "stop the blood." His services were back for as long as he lives ..." The new alternative might be stated: How sought far and wide by ailing ones. The Regular Baptist church to which Mrs. can Nature be used without being exploited? In pre-granulated-sugar days, Mr. Boleyn Boleyn has been a life-long member sings a In the current issue of Lifestyle! ("Maga­ recalls three prime sources of sweetening­ song containing the line: zine of Alternatives"), the biologists of the tapping maple trees, ginning sugarcane, and "0 good old way, how sweet thou art!" New Alchemy Institute East in Woods Hole, "growing" honey. Later, when sugar came to The meaning of these words is somehow Mass., join Maddox in assuming again a the stores, it could be bartered. for goose enriched in the light of the experience, the utilitarian standard. Calling the "back-to­ feathers. wisdom, and the lives-so fully-lived, so un­ the-land movement" a romantic "absurdity" Various tools for breaking in and nurturing selfishly-shared-by Mr. and Mrs. Boleyn on and "organic farming" too "naive," the New "new ground" were described. The coulter Davis Street. Alchemists obviously find no contradiction plow mentioned by Robert Burns, Mr. between a love of Nature and efficiency. They Boleyn's favorite poe·t, was one of these are simultaneously idealists of the small owned by early Kentuckians. Mr. Boleyn "WOLF! WOLF!" FROM DOOMSDAY farm and total technologists. recounted the steps followed in making wash ECOLOGISTS? Ecology, the New Alchemists imply, will troughs for family washwater. He went again be served best not if men leave Nature alone, to the water mill, only usable in winter out of guilt or excessive reverence, but if months, but which ground meal superior to HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE they work with maximum effectiveness as that of the steam grist mills. He theorizes "the Earth's stewards." that "take your turn" originated from the OF MISSOURI Nature's new Third Man-the Good Guy old system of stacking sacks of corn in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with the Bad Guy's tools-has discovered old mill house. Friday, June 15, 1973 another spokesman in the microbiologist Just as now, each district was taxed for Rene Dubos, who has rebutted the "dooms­ building a school house, but the school term Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, as the day syndrome" with his own emphasis: "En­ lasted only five months, beginning in July pace of environmental debate acceler­ vironments upset by smogs, pesticides, or with two weeks' vacation in late September ates, the following article should be use­ strip mining are not destroyed, they merely and early October for gathering in the fodder ful in examining both sides of the ques­ become different by evolving in directions to winter-feed the stock. Slates made from determined by these challenges." local slate-rock cliffs provided writing ma­ tion: What appears to be destruction, he con­ terial. No report cards or grades being used, [From the Christian Science Monitor, cludes, "always results in a different cre­ each student progressed at his own speed, June 11, 1973] ation." only "turning the leaf" when he had learned "WOLF! WOLF!" FROM DoOMSDAY ECOLOGISTS? One of the Good Guys nominated Francis all on the page. His "thumb print" guided (By Melvin Maddocks) of Assisi as "patron saint for ecologists"­ the teacher as to where he should begin in the hero who treated not only living things During the last decade, the subject of but inanimate objects as if they were his the new term. Nature has become political, and, like all Both Mr. and Mrs. Boleyn represent pio­ brothers and sisters. Speaking for the new politics, prone to extremes. A cartoonist­ minority, Dubos proposes Benedict of Nursla neer families who settled in this region long a political cartoonist, naturally-might cari­ before the Civil War. Mrs. Boleyn's father, as the ecologist's saint: clearing forests, re­ cature the polarized parties thus: claiming swamps, building windmills for Charles Wooton of the family for whom the Under a cone of sunlight in a pine forest postoffice in Leslie County (formerly Perry power with a task force of benedictine prag­ the Good Guy stands, his face an idealized matists behind him. County) served two terms as County Attor­ composite of Henry Thoreau and Albert ney, the first beginning near 1897 and the The Nature-sophisticates are saying, in Schweitzer. Caption him "Reverencer of effect, that guilt over technology's past, fear second in 1922. Mr. Boleyn's boyhood post­ life." His palms are clasped behind him as if office on Rock Fork in Knott County was over technology's future must not keep men to symbolize: Hands off. Where Nature is con­ from taking an activist stance toward Na­ named for his family and was located on a cerned, he is the last of the laissez-faire men. farm never owned by any other, save the ture. If they have their way, we will get Stalking down the forest path (hiss, boo) back our nerve without losing our scruples. Commonwealth of Kentucky. comes the Bad Guy, his face ablaze with the Mrs. Boleyn, born on Big Creek in 1893, re­ greed of a dozen robber barons. In one hand called the "public square" in Hazard and its he carries an ax, in the other a miner's pick. two courthouses preceding the present one. Caption him "Planet-plunderer." IN SUPPORT OF LITHUANIA Brick for both these were made at local In the nature-politics debates the Bad brickyards located near Broadway. She re­ Guy has been getting just rewards-at least HON. RICHARD S. SCHWEIKER members the first large school, a two-story rhetorically-and in the process the by­ plank house on High Street, just north of standing citizen has been scared half to OF PENNSYLVANIA the Methodist Church. The lower grades death. Various physicists and biologists have IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES were located downstairs, and the highest made a career out of promising the very Friday, June 15, 1973 grades (there being no high school then) worst if the Bad Guy wins, rather like Times were housed on the top floor. She tells of a Square prophets carrying sandwich boards Mr. SCHWEIKER. Mr. President, to­ roof cupola that held a bell that sounded reading, "The End of the World Is at Hand." day marks the 33d anniversary of the "all over everywhere." She later attended the At first the environmental risk was nu­ Wilbur R. Smith Business College in Lexing. annexation of Lithuania. As with Lith­ clear bombing, and the threat of Apocalypse uania Independence Day, which we com­ ton where she met the young lawyer she was seemed more or less suitable. But then the to marry in 1915. Four years she taught iti varieties of predicted horrible-ends multi­ memorated earlier this year, on Febru­ Perry County schools-at Yerkes, on Grape­ plied. Spaceship Earth, it was said, might ary 16, it is fitting that we pause today vine, and on Second Creek. self-destruct from Bad-Guy pesticides, Bad to take notice of the desire for freedom Mr. Boleyn received his law license in 1915 Guy detergents in the water, Bad-Guy and self-determination of all Lithua­ after having attended Hindman Settlement smokes in the air, or simple Bad-Guy over­ nians. They are a courageous people, and School, Professor George Clark's Normal population. School, and the University of Kentucky. He I am proud to know and work closely The Club of Rome Study of 1972, whi~h with many Lithuanian-Americans in settled permanently in Hazard in 1921 and projected day-by-day 20th-century life as a has practiced law continuously since that "march toward ecological suicide," seemed Pennsylvania, and to know of their time. He has been commended by the State to climax what John Maddox, theoretical strong loyalties for their native country. Bar Association for his half-century of serv­ physicist and editor of the British journal Events of recent years have not dimin­ ice. When Hazard received its third-class city Nature, called the "doomsday syndrome." ished the will of the Lithuanian people rating, he became its first City Prosecuting In their zeal, have the Good Guys-the to live in political, cultural, and religious Attorney. A staunch believer in justice and Nature-reverencers-been guilty of crying freedom, a cause to ·which men and in individual rights, he donated to the Bar wolf? Maddox thinks so. He judges the women throughout the world are com­ the scales of justice which now stand in the alarmist "exaggerations" of the scenario mitted. main courtroom of the new courthouse. Now writers to be "frighteningly irresponsible," consisting mainly of land title work, his ca­ to say nothing of unscientific. And he warns: Today, I join with the Lithuanian­ reer has contained. a rich variety of both civil "The 'doomsday syndrome' may be as much American communities to express our and criminal law suits, ranging from disputes a hazard of human survival as any of the dedication to the Lithuanian people, and over a bushel of beans to an air-crash claim. environmental conundrums society has to people around the globe, who share About his legal career he says, "What I created for itself." the important goals of living daily lives have enjoyed most is simply practicing my Maddox signals perhaps the rehearsal of with freedom and justice. June 15, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19903 FREEDOM FOR SOVIET JEWRY port of freedom of emigmtion for Soviet management skills might be needed by the Jews and will not agree to bargain with borrower in addition to capital. Approximate­ ly $17 million have been advanced by the human rights. bank in these loans. HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN In addition, a specified percentage of OF FLORIDA Chase's own immense annual purchases of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES paper, printing and other supplies must, by CHASE MANHATTAN: THE RIGHT executive edict, go to small minority-owned Friday, June 15, 1973 DIRECTION suppliers. Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, this week­ Real estate: Mortgages in the city's disad­ end Leonid Brezhnev, the leader of the HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL vantaged areas are tough to arrange, and it's Soviet Union, arrives in the United widely assumed throughout the housing in­ OF NEW YORK dustry that banks have simply "redlined" States for a meeting with President IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES large parts of the city. What Chase has done Nixon. is to allocate a specific pool of funds for loans One of his major reasons for coming Friday, June 15, 1973 to people wishing to buy or improve homes here is to obtain economic help from the in three such communities-Fort Greene and Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, I am Crown Heights, Brooklyn, and South Ja­ United States. Such help is to include pleased to hear the growing social U.S. Government credits and loan guar­ maica, Queens. The bank has also trained responsibility and involvement of the people in those communities to help their antees as well as most-favored-nation Chase Manhattan Bank in the problems friends and neighbors fill out mortgage appli­ trade status. facing urban America. cations and provide guidance. The only difficulty which Mr. Brezhnev An article from the National Urban "We've concentrated on those three areas will face during his visit is the determi­ Coalition's publication, Network, entitled initially because it takes a long time to get nation of the citizens of the United "A 'friend at Chase Manhattan'" re­ to know a community," Davies says. States to stand for the freedom of op­ Volunteer program: There was, until a few ported the current activity at the bank. years ago, a great untapped wlllingness on pressed people anywhere in the world. I now submit the article for the collective The policy of the Soviet Union regard­ the part of bank employees to get involved interest of this body. beneficially in the lives of their fellow citi­ ing the basic human rights of Jews and I hope that other American oompanies zens. "People really wanted to get out and other minorities within its territory is follow the excellent lead of Chase Man­ work tutoring youngsters, planning day trips, well-known. Freedom of religion is hattan in "giving a damn." or helping non-profit groups with an ac­ strictly limited. Jewish schools, books, The article follows: counting system or a filing system," Davies newspapers, plays, films, and all other says. "The only problem was, they didn't forms of cultural expression are forbid­ A "FRIEND AT CHASE MANHATTAN" know where to go." den. Russian anti-Semitism dates back "Social responsibility is as important here The result has been a carefully planned · to the czars. as marketing, expansion, funding or corporate program, Chase Volunteers for Community Jews who declare their wish to return capacity," says John B. Davies, Jr., 31, vice­ Action, involving more than 400 Chase em­ president for Urban External Affairs of the ployees. The bank acts primarily as a broker, to their national homeland are immedi­ Chase Manhattan Bank, N.A. putting groups with needs in touch with ately fired from their jobs and are sub­ Friendly, enthusiastic, and totally com­ people who can meet the needs, and making ject to every conceivable form of harass­ mitted to his work, Davies punctuates every sure that each side understands what's ex­ ment including imprisonment. point with a vigorous gesture. pected of it. There can be no excuse for this pat­ "Chase just isn't interested in an isolated, It all adds up to a busy, diversified series tern of systematic repression against tens philanthropic, do-gooder operation," he goes of urban programs, closely woven into the on. "Social responsibility is built into every structure of the bank's other activities under of thousands of individuals who seek only the current Chase operating philosophy of to build a new life for themselves in functional program this bank has-it's totally integrated with our business and eco­ "coordinated decentralization." Israel. nomic activities. My office is simply a staff The Soviet Union has often proclaimed resource and consultant to ongoing urban its strong adherence to the Universal activities in all our line divisions." Declaration of Human Rights which Davies outlined four principal program LITHUANIAN OCCUPATION-A guarantees the right of free emigration areas, unrelated except that each represents FORCEFUL REMINDER TO US to all. a corporate effort by Chase Manhattan ( 1971 We must make clear to Mr. Brezhnev assets: $24 billion) to behave as a responsible, thaJt he may expect no commercial favors involved citizen of New York City. Training programs: In the 60's, Chase HON. LAWRENCE COUGHLIN from the United States until his coun­ started a Business Experience Training pro­ OF PENNSYLVANIA try lives up to its commitment to the gram for urban high school students and a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Job Opportunities in Business program for Friday, June 15, 1973 No one has been fooled by the recent dropouts. Hundreds of young New Yorkers, announcement that the notorious exit mostly nonwhite, are now employed by the Mr. COUGHLIN. Mr. Speaker, as tax will no longer be enforced. The So­ bank as a result of those programs, and hun­ Americans, we cherish highly our daily viet Union enforces and then ignores dreds more have finished high school or freedoms, yet sometimes forget that its own exit tax statutes whenever it have gone on to college. these rights are not shared by many of More recently, Chase and another bank hopes to win a particular favor from the established a "satellite academy" in coopera­ our fellow men in other countries. For freedom-loving nations in the West. tion with the Board of Education and the Lithuanians everywhere, June 15 is a sad No one seriously believes that the Rus­ city. There, at 2 New York Plaza, 150 teen­ reminder that the right of all men to sians will not once again begin to en­ age students (drawn voluntarily from public rule themselves should not be taken for force their "ransom" tax if they should schools throughout the city) receive a com­ granted. On this day in 1940, the inde­ receive trade concessions from the Unit­ binntion of academic skills and actual job pendent Republic of Lithuania was oc­ ed States without the emigration guar­ experience as part-time workers in the spon­ cupied by forces of the Union of Soviet antee of the Mills-Vanik bill. soring banks. Socialist Republics and was subsequently Economic development: "The infusion of I was proud to be one of the original new business activity is essential if you're stifled under Soviet rule. cosponsors in this Congress of the Mills­ hoping to stem the tide of decay in any city Although rocked by a revolt in 1941, Vanik bill to prohibit most-favored­ neighborhood," says Davies. Economic devel­ a guerrilla war from 1944 to 1953, and nation trade concessions by the United opment of minority business has been a pol­ many demonstrations in the 1960's and States to any country which limits free­ icy of the Community Banking (branch-of­ 1970's which culminated in the self-im­ dom of emigration. fice) arm of Chase for several years, quite molation of Romas Kalanta on May 14 of This legislation now has the endorse­ apart from the activities of the institution's last year, Lithuania has been unable to ment of 281 Members of the House and, separate Chase Investment Corp. When the branch people needed help in free herself from the bonds of foreign in the form of the Jackson amendment, evaluation loans that did not meet usual rule. To this day, Lithuania remains an 77 cosponors in the Senate. Chase credit standards but seemed reason­ occupied republic. The endorsement of this legislation by ably prudent risks when weighed against a This glaring example of man's lack of over 350 of the highest elected officials in commitment to civic responsibility, Chase respect for his fellow man can be neither the United States is striking evidence created a separate, skilled unit to package understood nor condoned. The corner­ that America will stand firm in its sup- and evaluate such loans and to decide what stone of our American way of life, those 19904 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 15, 1973 basic freedoms which we hold as in­ RALPH HUBBELL SPEAKS FOR our soil by the very first people who yearned alienable rights, are being denied to the AMERICA to be free and to stay free. Brotherhood is peoples of this Baltic state. For citizens just that. It is the acceptance of each other as a brother but not just within the circle of of the United States, it is impossible to our own family. Brotherhood goes beyond our conceive of a life without free expres­ HON. JACK F. KEMP shores and insists that we accept all people sion, religion, economy, and mobility. For OF NEW YORK as brothers for all people, one day, must be Lithuanians today, it is a reality. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES free. It is as brothers that we can re-unite to It remains for us in America to do Friday, June 1973 find our way back to the dignity and de­ everything possible to see that tragedies 15~ cency which we knew and accepted, perhaps such as the domination of Lithuania do Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, outstanding too lightly, before the black cloud of doubt not reoccur and to hope that existing prose, that which contains eloquence as hovered over us and saddened us-so) . inequities can be re~tified. well as substance in the same essay, is a FROM SEA TO SHINING SEA From one who has enjoyed the privi­ rare discovery. When it does appear, (It is as a shining family that we will one lege of freedom, words seem an inade­ therefore, it should be shared. day continue as a self-believing family once quate expression of sympathy for all peo­ Such prose flowed from the pen of the wisdom for realizing our shortcomings my friend, Ralph Hubbell recently in and for ferreting out and punishing our trai­ ple who cherish only a dream of inde­ tors is blended with the further knowledge pendence. As we recall with Lithuanians his own column, "The Human Side," that something must be done swiftly and the events of June 15, 1940, let us renew which appears in Buffalo's Magnificat with lasting strength and decisiveness. From our determination to protect and pre­ Catholic Weekly. The Hubbell essay is a the Atlantic to the Pacific we are America. serve the right of all men to be free. personal interpretation of "America, the Between those shores a pitiful and faithless Beautiful.'' few have been allowed to undermine, in some Its style, g:·ace, and elegance make it measure, all that we hold dear and all that compelling. we feel is our pride and our possession. It is when our freedom is challenged-from LOWELL CITY COUNCIL RESOLVES The essay follows: within as wen as without--that we prove our­ TO SUPPORT H.R. 49 WATERGATE selves America at our integral best. Conquer (By Ralph Hubbell) we must and we will and let us lift our hearts 0 BEAUTIFUL FOR SPACIOUS SKIES to God in the certain belief that America is today, and will ever be, America, the beauti­ HON. PAUL W. CRONIN (Clear, blue skies to beckon our eyes and ful. beseech us to look up with pride in this land OF MASSACHUSETTS of ours and beyond, with reverance and hope, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to God Almighty who forgives us our LITHUANIAN FREEDOM Friday, June 15, 1973 troubled times in the knowledge that our ship is a proud ship and that our way is a Mr. CRONIN. Mr. Speaker, increasing proud and progressive way-and is not a lost HON. EDWIN B. FORSYTHE costs have assaulted every sector of our way). country and nonpublic education at pri­ FOR AMBER WAVES OF GRAIN OF NEW JERSEY mary and secondary levels provides no (Showing the whole wide world of people IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES exception. In the city of Lowell, approxi­ how bountiful are our resources and · how Friday, June 15, 1973 mately 7,000 children attend nonpublic distant are our horizons. Farmlands that nourish and strengthen us and remind us Mr. FORSYTHE. Mr. Speaker, 33 years schools which are seriously threatened by of our God-given heritage and of our free­ ago today the Lithuanian people were economic difficulties and may be forced dom which may be challenged but which, brought under the yoke of Soviet domi­ to close if relief is not forthcoming. One until the end of time, will rally from any nation. The spirit of freedom that beats source of relief would be Federal income attempt, from within or without, to bind in the heart of every freedom-loving tax credit for tuition paid to nonpublic our hands, seal our lips, blind our eyes or citizen beats sadly today; for freedom elementary and secondary schools similar impair our progress). is a legend of the past in Lithuania. But to that proposed in H.R. 49. The Lowell FOR PURPLE MOUNTAIN MAJESTIES the Soviet oppressors have found that City Council has unanimously adopted (Mountains, they mean, for us to look up the spirit of freedom does not perish the following resolution urging passage to and beyond, again, to the highest reaches easily. The post-World War II history of of tax credit legislation. where God lives and where God loves us all. Lithuania bears grim testimony to this. RESOLUTION Mountains, they mean, not for us to stand upon as busy-bodies seeking to solve the In the years following the war, native Whereas, there are about 7,000 Lowell problems of the world and not as would-be Lithuanians took to the hills to fight the youngsters attending non-public schools; and conquerors of that world but as fortunate Soviet occupation army, at a cost of ove.t.r Whereas, It is becoming increasingly more people seeing from on high the beauty of the 50,000 Lithuanian lives. Finally, the So­ difficult for these schools to continue in world and willing to share our own bountiful existence; and viets resorted to departing the native treasures of peace and freedom with that population to Siberian labor camps. Whereas, Parents of youngsters attending world). these schools also support by their tax dollars Truly, a reign of terror had begun; a the public schools of our City; and ABOVE THE FRUITED PLAIN reign of terror that has not relented. Whereas, This City Council recognizes the (Upon which plain we all stand shaken Yet, neither have the Lithuanians financial burden that would be placed upon today in the knowledge that our chief causes abandoned their struggle for freedom. the City should non-public schools be forced for concern and unrest have festered from Jn March of 1972 a petition bearing 17,054 to close; and within. Yet upon which plain we promise as Whereas, Concerned Citizens and parents one that we will stay united as we seek our signatures protesting the desperate plight in all walks of life throughout this country solutions with strong faces looking confi­ of Lithuaniar~ Roman Catholics was for­ are banding together in support of House dently to one another. We promise, as one, a warded to the Secretary-General of the Bill #HR 49, which will allow Federal In­ unison of purpose and a self-belief that once United Nations with an urgent appeal come Tax Credits for parents of non-public our record has been cleaned of all taint and that he relay the protest to the secretary school children; Therefore, be it once we have put our own house in order general of the Russian Communist Party. Resolved, That the Lowell City Council go in our own way we can walk, with pride, in Three previous collective letters had been on record in support of HR 49 to help correct the sun again) . ignorej, an historic injustice against parents who ex­ AMERICA, AMERICA GOD SHED HIS GRACE ON THEE A more recent and more tragic protest ercise their right to choose non-public edu­ (Yes, indeed, He shed His grace and His cation for their children and that this City against Soviet occupation and religious compassion upon all of us the while He knows prosecution took place in May 1972. Council communicate its feelings to Senators that no matter how muddled the waters they Brooke, and Kennedy and Congressman will clear with hope and self-dedication to Romas Kalanta, a young Roman Cath­ Cronin and ask all Lowell residents to do purpose; He knows that no matter how high olic, burned himself to death in a pub­ likewise in the form of letters, telegrams, the hurdle we will conquer it as we clear the lic park in Kaunas to protest the subjec­ and phone calls. Be it further air; He knows of troubles past and He tion and prosecution of Lithuanians. The Resolved, That a copy of this resolution be forwarded to Congressman Cronin and Sena­ watched, and was proud, when we set our mass demon3trations that followed this tors Brooke and Kennedy with a request that house in order and continued the joyous road act proved that the spirit of freedom still it be included in the Congressional Record that is our beloved America). lives in Lithuania. as evidence of our strong support of this AND CROWN THY GOOD WITH BROTHERHOOD Mr. Speaker, it is this spirit that we measure vitally necessary to the future of (That has been our key for our salvation honor today, but let us r::r~ forget that education in our country. from the very first step that was taken upon we are also mourning its captivity. June 15, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19905 THE EXCELLENCE OF ters to "College Students Involved," our prisoners were in any way mistreated. VOLUNTEERISM which attempts to break the hold of the These a.re headline-makers, every one, and, we are told, they are pure of heart. ghetto by transporting children to a local The Watergate caper was a disastrous folly, HON. STEWART B. McKINNEY university campus for a day of tutorial which may well have been undertaken by help and recreation. men who had the goal of establishing a link OF CONNECTICUT This organization even provides a between the McGovern campaign, Castro's IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES shopping center of services for inner city Cuba and other governments whose philoso­ Friday, June 15, 1973 residents, a clearinghouse of service in­ phies do not coincide with our's. President formation which insures that no problem Nixon's involvement, separate from that of Mr. McKINNEY. Mr. Speaker, there goes unsolved merely for lack of know­ some staff members, has in no way been are those who would say that social wel­ how in the face of the bureaucracy. established. And yet, the President has fare and assistance programs weaken undergone an unprincipled and unjust lath­ The Bridgeport Catholic Family and ering which Daniel Ellsberg, the Berrigans the spiritual strength of America by fos­ Community Services also sponsored the tering strong dependence upon the Gov­ and some of our mad anarchists have not construction of 101 units of moderate­ experienced. ernment in lieu of those things once income housing for the elderly. This am­ The media has a solemn responsibility to prized as the products of hard work. bitious program was the first of its kind weigh its awesome powers lest it destroy that Others claim that relief, work incentive, in the Eastern United States and was which it is pledged to defend. and social security programs do not commended by the New York office of damage but reinforce the confidence of HUD. every American citizen that he has a Over half a century of selfless service right to a decent standard of living. In certainly merits our respect and admira­ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA CUT the middle of this debate stand Ameri­ tion. But more than that, the efforts of MEDICAL CENTER GROWTH BY ca's volunteer organizations, dedicated the Bridgeport Catholic Family and ALMOST HALF people who just want to help, with no Community Services reminds us that strings attached. An example of one suc­ poverty, mental illness, drug addiction, cessful volunteer institution which I HON. ROBERT L. LEGGETT ~nd old age are problems that people, not OF CALIFORNIA would like to share with my colleagues is JUSt dollars, must solve. the Catholic Family and Community IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Services of the Catholic Charities of the Friday, June 15, 1973 Diocese of Bridgeport, Conn. For 56 years, this organization has Mr. LEGGETT. Mr. Speaker, someone ANNUAL NEWSLETTER OF THE once said that Washington is 100 square been providing a wide variety of profes­ HONORABLE JAMES R. GROVER, JR. sional casework and group services to the miles surrounded by reality. The on-go­ people of the Bridgeport area, including ing debate over the President's proposed counseling for individual adjustment, HON. EDWIN D. ESHLEMAN fiscal year 1974 budget has certainly cor­ marital problems, parent-child relations, OF PENNSYLVANIA roborated this definition of Washington. and services for unwed mothers. By op­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Listening to the administration one would think that the massive cuts in the erating programs that often surpass Friday, June 15, 1973 those of the Government in scope and health and welfare areas will have little organization, I think this agency dem­ Mr. ESHLEMAN. Mr. Speaker, recently effect on the people of this Nation. Well, onstrates the effectiveness of American my colleague, the Honorable JAMES R. let me dispel that fairy tale right now. volunteerism and the advantages of a GROVER, JR., of the Second District of New Unless the Congress undertakes a community's drawing together to solve York, released his annual newsletter and mammoth reordering of the President's problems through the use of its human I believe Members will find the entire fiscal priorities, some of the most vital resources. text of Mr. GROVER's article of interest institutions in the Nation will be perma­ Guided by a board of lay volunteers and I insert it for their consideration: ' nently damaged. Let me give a concrete example. of all faiths, this agency boasts the larg­ WEEKLY COLUMN OF CONGRESSMAN JAMES R. est professionally trained staff of social GROVER, JR. A recent article in the San Francisco workers of any volunteer effort in Con­ One of the long-prized strengths of the Examiner has reported that as a result necticut. Yet, each neighborhood center American system was the concept of equal of Federal budget cutbacks, the Univer­ and project office has a voice in making justice. The high and the mighty are sup­ sity of California at San Francisco's med­ policy decisions. In this way, the Bridge­ posedly equal in the eyes of the law with the ical center has slashed its growth plans port Catholic Family and Community downtrodden and impoverished. All persons by half. Instead of expanding to an en­ are, in American jurisprudence, considered rollment of 7,500 by 1985, the famed re­ Services provides the participation and innoc?nt of_ wrongdoing until proven guilty. cooperation necessary to confront per­ search institute will have to make do Which brmgs us, once again, to the s-qbject with only 4,000 students. A lessening in sonal problems individually and sensi­ of th? Watergate break-in. A number of my tively. constituents, who are deeply distressed over the number of future doctors will not be Programs on drug abuse, adolescent Watergate and all its implications, have indi­ the only result of the massive Federal problems, the inner city, housing for the cated to me that they are equally distressed cutbacks, however. The university has elderly, adoption services, and family over the daily repetition of unsupported ac­ also scheduled reductions in a variety of service programs have provided invalu­ cusations, hearsay and innuendo which swirl research programs including pharmacy, around the President. What justification is nursing, dentistry, medicine, and human able help and good will to the people of there for this media overkill? Is the anti­ Fairfield County. biology and veterinary medicine. Nixon bias of such as the Washington Post a I fully realize the necessity of budget­ A review of some of the programs this sufficient reason to scuttle hopes for a genera­ agency sponsors clearly demonstrates the tion of peace so n ear our grasp? Is it so ary restraint, and do support the Presi­ dedication of the Bridgeport Catholic important that we should risk loss of con­ dent's $268 billion budget ceiling. But Family and Community Services and fidence in our system and its institutions? these cuts in Federal funds for health their ability to inspire all who wish to And when will those journalists who pressed centers are simply imprudent. help our citizens help themselves. for a totally independent and powerful prose­ Despite this country's great wealth, we To face the growing problem of drug cutor support Archibald Cox in his efforts to have a very mediocre health record. Con­ set aside the banners of sensationalism and sider these facts: abuse among the young, they operate pick up the tools of swift justice. two counseling, referral and treatment Is today's media justice best exemplified in On a per capita ba,sis, the United centers in conjunction with the regional the lionization of draft evaders or those who States ranks fifth in the incidence of narcotics rehabilitation program of the destroyed draft records, the rioters and the heart disease, eighth in the total number National Institute for Mental Health. looters who give social injustice as a reason of accidents, and eighth in the incidence A short term residence and counseling for theft, vandalism and the cold-blooded of diabetes. assassination of police? The Berrigans and In 1950 only 5 nations in the world shelter has also been operating to help Angela Davis come readily to mind. I find sort out adolescent problems and bridge particularly interesting the libEral mentality had a lower per-capita percentage of in­ the mythical generation gap. which can turn Jane Fonda into a heroine fant mortality than the United States; In the inner city, there is a wide range and Ramsey Clark into a sage, after they today 14 nations have a better record of volunteer projects, from day care cen- spouted the Hanoi line which denied that in this area. 19906 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 15, 1973 There are 24 nations in the world Cutting back on campus expansion will Kalanta, burned himself to death for where the average male lives longer than limit growth to 700 new jobs between now political reasons. a.nd 1985, a reduction of 500 positions. But a he does in the United States, and 11 na­ corresponding increase in staff will be spread The United States has refused to rec­ tions where the average female has a around at off-campus hospitals. ognize the forced incorporation of the longer life expectancy than the average The new campus plan will provide for dem­ Baltic States into the Soviet Union. The American female. olition of not more than 25 houses ln the 89th Congress passed a resolution urg­ In 133 American counties there are no area, instead of 130 originally planned for de­ ing the President to bring up the matter active physicians. These counties hold struction. No additional property wlll be ac­ of Baltic freedom in the U.N. and other 3.8 percent of the total land area of the quired; Moffitt Hospital wlll be limited to 560 international forums. nation, and support a half-million beds instead of 760 originally planned. This year also marks the 722d anni­ Mount Sutro's forest will remain virtually people. intact. Of 74 acres of open land, a maximum versary of the formation of the Lithua­ All of these disturbing figures serve of six acres will be reserved for development nian State. Let us again urge the Presi­ to demonstrate the necessity for a larger, in tho area. dent to bring the Baltic question before not a smaller health budget. The Presi­ $1 MILLION the United Nations and request the with­ dent, of course, says that we canno·t af­ The Regents yesterday voted to make use drawal of the Soviet Union from Lithua­ ford higher expenditures in this area. I of $1 mlllion promised by Governor Reagan nia, Latvia, and Estonia, in hope that say we cannot afford not to increase the at the urging of student lobbyists in Sacra­ June 15, now a day of sorrow and reflec­ amount of Federal support for the health mento. The plan provides that at least half tion for Lithuanians and Americans of system in this country. the sum be spent for evaluation of teaching Lithuanian descent can be forgotten in and related programs. At this point in the RECORD I would Other uses will include grants for studying celebration of a 723d anniversary. like to include for the benefit of my col­ how to improve courses and seminars or leagues the article from the San Fran­ other special courses for entering students. cisco Examiner entitled "UC Cuts Med "These are things we've been trying to do, Center Growth by Almost Half." but have been impeded by lack of resources," SOFT-HEADED JUSTICE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA CUTS MED CENTER commented UC President Charles Hitch. "We hope the programs will be successful and GROWTH BY ALMOST HALF that the governor will continue them." HON. STANFORD E. PARRIS (By Carl Irving) Hitch reported that President Nixon's ap­ OF VmGINIA Los ANGELEs.-The University of Califor­ proval of student aid appropriations for next IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nia's San Francisco medical center, hit by fall "substantially improved the outlook for Federal budget cutbacks, is slashing its the next academic year. Friday, June 15, 1973 growth plans nearly by half, Chancellor Mr. PARRIS. Mr. Speaker, as you Francois Sooy revealed today. The famed research and training center know I have introduced legislation in the House to require reconfirmation of now is drawing up a new master plan for ANNIVERSARY OF SOVIET OPPRES­ 4,000 students by 1985, down from the earlier all Federal judges by the U.S. Senate target of 7,500. The reductions imply scaling SION IN LITHUANIA every 8 years. I introduced this legisla­ down of faculty, students, researchers and tion, because I firmly believe that some facUlties at Parnassus Heights. HON. HENRY P. SMITH Ill irresponsible Federal judges in this Na­ Among the reductions are a new dental tion are turning back the clock on the OF NEW YORX school on Fourth ave. between Paranassus cause of law and order by destroying the and Kirkham avenues, the subject of drawn­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES out disputes with neighborhood organiza­ people's faith in the judicial process. tions. The latter had protested against the Friday, Jttne 15, 1973 This certainly is not an attempt on my added congestion a large new structure Mr. SMITH of New York. Mr. Speaker, part to imply a blanket indictment of all would bring to the neighborhood. June 15 is an anniversary for Americans judges, most of whom are responsible HEIGHT SLASHED of Baltic descent-the anniversary of the and reasonable, but it is an attempt to Sooy told the regents meeting here that day in 1940 that Lithuania lost her free­ check those judges who are guilty of try­ his campus was now planning a structure set dom to the Soviet Union. ing to remake the world according to back from the street, which would be no In 1940, the Soviet Union invaded and their own moral and philosophical be­ higher than residences in the area. The annexed Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia­ liefs. structure's height has been t•educed from 135 peaceful Baltic countries. Lithuania The Republican Congressional Com­ to 48 feet and square footage cut back from mittee Newsletter recently published an 168,000 to 85,000. managed to reestablish a free govern­ ment in June 1941 when the Nazis in­ article about that kind of judge and his The Federal government is sharply reduc­ apparent dedication to what President ing support for medical centers and the ef­ vaded the Soviet Union. That govern­ fect at UCSF will be leveling off in pharmacy, ment lasted only 6 weeks until the Nazis Nixon has labeled "soft-headed justice." nursing, dentistry, medicine and human bi­ took over the country. I would like to include that article in the ology programs. Enrollment, now totaling The Baltic states have never again re­ RECORD: 2,900, was to have grown rapidly in the next "SOFT-HEADED JUSTICE"-JUDGES SHOW LITTLE gained their freedom. They suffer reli­ CONCERN FOR VICTIMS decade. gious and political persecution and denial On campus enrollment now will go up from In Washington, D.C., the other day, a U.S. the present 1,500 to only 1,980 students by of human rights. A total of one-quarter District Court judge paroled a self-confessed 1985, instead of 3,230 projected in the 1964 of the combined populations of the Baltic killer who has served only one month of his master plan, Sooy reported. States have been forced into deportation 10-year sentence for shooting to death a The new enrollment plans should be wel­ and settlement programs by the Soviet university student during a holdup attempt. come news to neighborhood groups which Union. Even though the prosecutor had argued the had been objecting to the growth of traffic The Baits have not given up on their killer should be sentenced as an adult, since and population density in the area. Sooy said he was 21, the judge sentenced him unde..r he was counting on use of U.S. Public Health freedom. Some 30,000 Lithuanian free­ dom fighters lost their lives in organized the Federal Youth Corrections Act which Service and Veterans Administration hos­ provides for immediate consideration of pitals away from the campus to provide space resistance between 1940 and 1952. More parole. The man is now back on the streets. for the additional enrollments in future recently, a petition against Soviet repres­ This is among the examples of "soft-headed years. sion bearing the signatures of 17,054 justice" which Newsletter readers are send­ Sooy also made the following points: Lithuanians was forwarded to the United ing in from all over the country-examples The UCSF campus provides 6300 full-time Nations in March 1972 with the 1·equest which contain a pattern of judicial overcon­ jobs and its employees pay state sales and in­ that it be given to Leonid Brezhnev, Sec­ cern for the criminal and unconcern for the come taxes totaling $1.8 million annually. retary General of the Russian Commu­ victim. Other examples: It provides a 560 bed hospital, large out­ In Colorado, a. 23-year-old Black Hawk patient facilities, dental clinic facilities and nist Party, because three previous letters man was sentenced to two years in the coun­ now a 90 bed neuropsychiatric hospital had gone unanswered by the Soviets. ty jail by a District Court judge and fined transferred from the State Dept. of Mental Demonstrations were held in several $2,000 for killing a 20-year-old girl. The judge Hygiene. Lithuanian cities in May 1972 to protest ruled that the 253 days the man had already Off-campus, UC is affiliated with the 800 Soviet occupation and persecution of re­ served in jail since his anest would be ap­ bed San Francisco general hospital, a 350 bed VA hospital and more than 25 other private ligious groups, especially Roman Catho­ plied to his two-year sentence. and comm1.mity hospitals, mostly in the Bay lics. There was t·ioting for several days In Seattle, Washington, a Superior Court Area. after a young Roman Catholic, Romas judge held that a man who beat a. woman June 15, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19907 to death with a frying pan was innocent by when every man can enjoy again the Since the overland transportation sys­ reason of insanity. His lawyer said a job ln freedom to think as he pleases, to wor­ tem was extremely poor-there were no sales work is available and that as long as he ship in his own way, to elect his own of­ stage coaches in those days--previous takes medication he is not a danger to soci­ ety. The prosecutor argued that there Is no ficials, and to make an honest living py owners probably had to ship their iron by guarantee the man will remain on medica­ a means of his own choosing. floating it down the Manasquan River tion. Thus, Mr. Speaker, it is a privilege for in scows. Despite these difficulties, Al­ In Selma, Alabama, a circuit judge sen­ me to join in solemn commemoration of laire made periodic visits to the Fur­ tenced a man convicted of selling LSD to five this great time of rededication to the nace, coming all the way from New York years' probation, despite the fact that the ideal of freedom and justice for all. on hOTseback. man had several other drugs sales charges Under the ownership of James P. Al­ pending. In Washington, D.C., the U.S. Court of Ap­ laire, the Howell Furnace grew from a peals reversed two attempted-rape convic­ dozen houses, a furnace, a saw mill and HISTORIC HOWELL IRON WORKS' a few other buildings in 1821 to a sub­ tions and freed a 17-year-old youth because 150TH ANNIVERSARY CELEBRA­ it held he had been charged under the wrong stantial settlement less than a decade part of the city's rape statutes. The court TION later. A village of nearly 70 brick build­ said the indictment was brought under a sec­ ings and 500 men had been founded. By tion relating to assaults on girls under 16 HON. JAMES J. HOWARD 1831, in addition to the furnace itself, when, in faot, the two victims were 20 years the Howell Works included a store, car­ old. OF NEW JERSEY In Joliet, Illinois, a couple who allegedly IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES penter and smith shops, file and screw factories, saw and grist mills, dwellings, sold their 12-year-old daughter for $26,000 Friday, June 15, 1973 had charges of child abandonment reduced stables, a large public high school-main­ by a circuit court judge to faUing to provide Mr. HOWARD. Mr. Speaker, in honor tained entirely at the expense of Mr. parental care, a misdemeanor. of the 150th anniversary celebration of Allaire--and a church. A post office was In Columbus, Ohio, a university law pro­ the Historic Howell Iron Works at Al­ established in 1832. fessor announced formation of a union to Since the previous owner had little get "decent wages" for convicts in the State laire State Park, I wish to commemorate prison. this facility's important contribution to pride in the appearance of the grounds, A Cincinnati, Ohio, reader asks: "What can progressive American enterprise and there were few trees or improvements in I do?" initiative. the land by cultivation. In 1825 Mr. Al­ For one thing, write letters to your news­ In 1823, the Monmouth Furnace was laire began landscaping the ground and paper editors and get your friends to do the bought by James P. Allaire and renamed planting trees. He even employed young same. Call your local radio staltions that have the Howell Furnace after Benjamin B. boys to plant chestnuts around the ponds talk shows. Make sure that the records of Howell, its previous owner. Fifty-seven and in the surrounding woods. He evi­ "soft-headed judges," as President Nixon dently believed that there was more to calls them, are publicized. years before, the Monmouth Furnace produced cannon shot for the guns of running a successful iron industry than Gen. George Washington's army in the hauling ore and paying wages; the qual­ Revolutionary Battle of Monmouth, ity of the workers' lives was acknowl­ LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE fought nearby. edged as being as essential to the com­ James Allaire, born in New York in munity as the continuous procession of the waning years of the Articles of Con­ commerce. HON. FLOYD V. HICKS federation-1785-soon became a skilled Employees of the Howell Works Co., OF WASHINGTON craftsman. At the age of 20, he cast were of all nationalities and consisted of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with his own hands the brass air chamber moulders, ware-cleaners, carpenters, pat­ Friday, June 15, 1973 for Robert Fulton's first steamer, the ternmakers, wheelwrights, blacksmiths, Clermont. Five years later, in 1816, he millers, grinding mill and screw factory Mr. HICKS. Mr. Speaker, as we enter established the James P. Allaire Works operatives, masons and builders, team­ a period of stronger relations with the in New York City which continued opera­ sters, ore raisers, charcoal burners, Soviet Union, it is important to pause tions in his possession until the late woodcutters, stage drivers, warehouse­ a moment and remember that there are 1830's. During this period of American men, farm laborers, grooms, tailors, har­ still many Eastern European countries economic expansion, the need for reliable ness makers, bakers, gardeners, teachers, under Soviet rule that do not know the and more economical transportation sys­ preachers, foremen, and ordinary labor­ meaning of the word "freedom." On tems was acute. James Allaire pioneered ers. This litany of occupations alone June 15 we take time to honor one such in several improvements on the steam seems to tell the story of American ex­ country still in the bonds of tyranny­ engine which became well known in in­ pansion and development. A nucleus of Lithuania. dustrial circles throughout the world. trade or industry is first established and Ever since this gallant Baltic nation The cylinders for the Savannah, the first then quickly surrounded by the service was annexed by the Russians on June American steamship to cross the Atlantic, trades which care for the needs of the 15, 1940, the Lithuanians have struggled were made at the Allaire Works in New workers. The Howell Works is a fine ex­ to throw off the yoke of their con­ York. ample of enlightened capitalism in that, querors-even at the expense of thou­ Learning of the availability of the although production was sustained at a sands of lives. The daring and bravery Monmouth Furnace as a possible source profitable pace, the quality of the life of of the Lithuanians have excited free­ of pig-iron for the Allaire Works, Mr. the workers was not forgotten. dom-loving peoples everywhere and have Allaire entered into negotiations with Long before the days of trade unions, served as a dramatic reminder to the Benjamin Howell in the early 1820's for Mr. Allaire was an early champion of the world that freedom is destined to ulti­ the purpose of purchasing the furnace. working class. At a time when slave labor mately triumph over slavery. Mr. Howell appears to have allowed the was available, he paid above-average The observance of this sad anniver­ Monmouth Furnace to be its own sales­ wages to the workers and instituted a sary has a stronger meaning to all of man. In a letter to Allaire, he described health and welfare program for his em­ us when we think of the hundreds of the property: ployees. This was unheard of in the early thousands of American citizens, who, The furnace as you know is situated in a. 19th century. A preacher was main­ through nativity or ancestry, share the pleasant and good country-there 1s much tained-at Mr. Allaire's expense--whose heritage, culture, and industry of their good land immediately in the neighborhood duties included teaching school, in addi­ homeland now under Soviet domination. and very valuwble meadows, and I think this tion to his regular religious functions. These many friends and neighbors still country wants only to be known to render Workmen's children were compelled to have loved ones living in a country ruled it a place of much greater moment than attend classes. By 1841, the school was by a Communist dictatorship rather than it is generally estimated at. As a situation flourishing and not only provided educa­ by representatives of the people. for a. furnace it possesses many great ad­ tion for the Howell employees' children, With this in mind we must attempt vantages. but also attracted those of wealthier to match the courage of Lithuania by After a personal inspection of the families who lived on the premises. reaffirming our Nation's devotion to the grounds, J·ames P. Allaire in 1823, bought Families from the surrounding country­ principle of self-determination for all the Monmouth Furnace and adjoining side also sent their sons and daughters 3 men. We must offer the hope of a time lands, renaming it the Howell Furnace. or 4 miles to the Howell School. The de- 19908 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 15, 1973 gree of excellence of the institution could forts to regain her inalienable rights The U.S. Congress has made a step be seen from the type of curriculum of­ will become an integral part of the over­ in the right direction by unanimously fered. Along with the higher branches all plan toward world peace. adopting House Concurrent Resolution of English, the classics, Greek, Latin, 416 which calls for freedom for the Bal­ French, and German were taught. No tic States. It is my hope that all free­ charges were made for either books or THE LEGACY OF LITHUANIA dom-loving Americans will urge the tuition. President to implement this very impor­ This thriving industrial community tant legislation by bringing the issue of produced many of the early day mass­ HON. GUS YATRON the liberation of the Baltic States to the produced iron kitchen utensils, as well as OF PENNSYLVANIA United Nations to request that the So­ cast iron stoves that were eventually IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES viets withdraw from Lithuania, Latvia, carted across the country in wagon trains F1·iday, June 15, 1973 and Estonia. to warm the homes and cook the food of · Certainly, the time has come for every­ thousands of pioneers in the West. Mr. YATRON. Mr. Speaker, June 15, one to demand that the principle of self­ James P. Allaire, after a career as in­ 1973, is a day of sorrow and reflection for determination be respected and that the ventor, industrialist, educator, and phi­ Lithuanian-Americans and Lithuanians nations of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia lanthropist, died at the Howell Works on throughout the world. For, on June 15, be free to choose their own form of gov­ Thursday, May 20, 1858. Twenty-three 1940, the Soviet Union invaded Lithuania ernment. We should have a single stand­ years earlier at a Fourth of July celebra­ and these Baltic peoples have been suf­ ard for freedom. Its denial, in whole or tion at the Howell Works, a toast was of­ fering ever since. Regrettably, the Baits in part, anywhere in the world, is fered which paid tribute to the industry have had to suffer oppression for centu­ intolerable. that gave thousands their livelihood: ries due to the "accident of geography." Howell Works-on inspection by friend or From the West, they were invaded by foe, may they exclaim, how well she works. Teutonic knights and, from the East, by LITHUANIA: A TRIBUTE TO A the Russians. Accordingly, it has taken STRUGGLING NATION Mr. Speaker, I join with my friends remarkable spiritual and ethnic strength from New Jersey in celebrating the 150th to survive these pressures from both anniversary of the historic Howell Iron sides. HON. ROBERT H. STEELE Works at Allaire State Park. Just as Lithuanians have resisted inva­ OF CONNECTICUT sions throughout the centuries, they have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES waged an intensive fight for freedom Friday, June 15, 1973 since the very beginning of Soviet occu­ LITHUANIAN ANNIVERSARY pation. During the period from 1944 to Mr. STEELE. Mr. Speaker, on June 15, 1952 alone, approximately 50,000 Lithua­ 1940, the nation of Lithuania was forc­ nian freedom fighters lost their lives in ibly annexed into the U.S.S.R. Today, HON. JAMES J. DELANEY an organized resistance movement. The I wish to join in paying tribute to this OF NEW YORK cessation of armed guerrilla warfare in struggling nation and her people, who IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1952 did not spell the end of resistance were denied the light of self-determina­ Friday, June 15, 1973 against Soviet domination. On the con­ tion 33 years ago. . trary, resistance by passive means gained Lithuanian history has been one of Mr. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, under new impetus. domination and occupation for nearly permission to extend my remarks, I wish To this very day, Lithuanians are risk­ two centuries. Russian domination over today, June 15, to join with my col­ ing and sacrificing their lives in defiance the Lithuanian nation began in 1795 and leagues in the observance of a sorrowful of the'communist regime. The protests of lasted until 1915. The First World War anniversary for the brave people of the Lithuanian people against the denial marked the beginning of. occupation by Lithuania. On this date, 33 years ago, of the right of national self-determina­ the German Army, which lasted until Russia conquered the Baltic States of 1919 when occupation by the Soviet Red Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. Twelve tion, continued reliiP.ous and pqlitical persecutions, and the violation of human Army began. On the verge of being driven months later mass deportation began out by the Polish Army and scores of and more than 150,000 Baits were sent rights by the Soviet Union reached trag­ ic heights on May 14, 1972, when a Lithu­ Lithuanian fighting units, Russia signed . to the deadly Siberian slave and labor a peace treaty with Lithuania on July 12, camps: However, the Lithuanians were anian youth, Romas Kalanta, burned himself in Kaunas as a martyr in protest 1920. Recognizing Lithuania as an inde­ quick to retaliate. Several days before pendent nation, the Russian Govern­ the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union in to Soviet oppression. This act triggered widespread demonstrations in the area ment pledged to renounce forever all 1941, these gallant people revolted and rights of sovereignty. The treaty stated: overthrew the Communist regime. A and culminated in two other self-immo­ lations. Such dramatic events demon­ In conformity with the right declared by provisional government was established, the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Re­ and the fruits of freedom were enjoyed strate that the Lithuanian people have not acquiesced to the Soviet occupation, public that all peoples have the right to free for a short but glorious 2 months be­ self-determination, including the right of fore Hitler returned to terrorize the but rather are still striving for freedom full secession from the State of which they population. and independence. were a part, Russia recognizes without any My brief accounting of the Lithua­ Such passive resistance has also been reserve the sovereignty and independence of nian freedom struggle is by no means a exhibited by the U.S. Government since the State of Lithuania with all juridical con­ recent historical development. For cen­ we have refused to recognize the seizure sequences resulting from such recognition, turies Baltic soil has been devastated by and forced "incorporation" of Lithu­ and voluntarily and forever renounces all ania by the Communists into the Union sovereign rights possessed by Russia over invaders from both the East and the the Lithuanian people and territory. The West. All told, in the quick span of 8 of Soviet Socialist Republics. Our Gov­ fact that Lithuania was ever under Russian years from 1942 to 1950, it has been esti­ ernment continues to accredit only those sovereignty does not place the Lithuanian mated that 30,000 Lithuanians lost their diplomats whose credentials were re­ people and their territory under any obli­ lives in organized resistance movements ceived from the former free governments gation to Russia. against foreign domination. of the Baltic States and not the Soviet Lithuania was admitted to the League The present situation remains un­ dominated puppet governments in exist­ of Nations on September 22, 1921. Dur­ changed as Russia has tightened her ence today. ing the next two decades Lithuania en­ iron grip. The United States has never Since June of 1940, all U.S. Presidents joyed a period of independence and na­ recognized this forceful annexation of have stated, restated and confirmed our tional resurgence. Lithuania by the U.S.S.R., and deplores policy of nonrecognition of the occupied With the outbreak of the Second World the fact that the Baits are denied the Baltic States. Hopefully, the present War, Lithuania became one of the first rights of assembly, free elections, and generation of Americans will continue to countries to experience the brutal ag­ worship. In our observance today, let us recognize that the bonds which many gression of both Hitler and Stalin. So­ renew our pledge to Lithuania in her U.S. citizens have with enslaved lands of viet occupation began in 1940, and Lithu­ fight for national independence, and their ancestry are a great asset to the ania was forcibly annexed into the hope that this Nation's determined ef- struggle against communism. U.S.S.R. It is estimated that during this June 15, 1973' EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19909 occupation, 45,000 Lithuanians lost their ration of Lithuania. This policy of non­ deeply moving and the fact that Con­ lives. Some 30,000 members of the Lithu­ recognition, Mr. Speaker, must be reaf­ gress and the American people have anian intelligentsia were deported to Si­ firmed and kept constant in our minds made them possible is something that we beria. Hastily retreating under German until the inalienable right of freedom is can regard as truly a good deed for attack, Soviet forces executed 5,000 polit­ restored to Lithuania, and its independ­ humanity. ical prisoners. ence is reestablished. May the day soon Mr. Speaker, before I close, I would Soviet domination of Lithuania since come when freedom for Lithuania will like to pay tribute to the gentleman from 1940 has neither extinguished the desire no longer be a fought-for dream, but California MICHIGAN pings of sovereignty of the Lithuanian IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES MEDICARE CHARGES KEEP RISING Soviet Socialist Republic, Lithuania Friday, Jun e 15, 1973 today remains a captive nation. Political change is accelerating Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, there HON. Y/ILLIAM LEHMAN throughout the world, however, and it is nothing like a winner and Congress OF FLORIDA may well be that future changes will has one. It is section 240 of the Foreign IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Assistance Act and is entitled: "Agri­ again give the Lithuanian people the op­ Friday, June 15, 1973 portunity for self-determination. In ad­ cultural Credit and Self-help Commu­ dition to pressing the Soviet Union to ob­ nity Development Projects." Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, on July 1, serve the principle of self -determination This is the program Congress created senior citizens will be required to pay 50 and to continuing our efforts to promote on its own initiative 4 years ago. It was cents a month more for their part B political liberalization within the U.S.S.R. admittedly an experiment. The program medicare premiums. our objective should be to do all we can provided for a U.S. Government guaranty The Nixon administration has proposed to encourage the Lithuanian people, on loans by foreign private banks and additional increases in the cost of through recognition, communication, and other financial institutions to groups of health services to be paid by individuals moral support, to maintain their na­ peasants in five Latin American coun­ under medicare. tional spirit, national identity and na­ tries for worthwhile self-help community President Nixon would increase the tional will until that time arrives. development projects. part B deductible which must be paid Mr. Speaker, I join millions of Ameri­ Congressman Moss and I and many by the medicare patient from $60 to $85. cans in saluting the brave Lithuanian other cosponsors argued that we believed In addition, a patient would have to pay people, who continue to struggle for their the peasant was a good credit risk. We 25 percent of his physicians' fees and rightful place among the free nations of also contended that the U.S. foreign aid laboratory costs out of his own pocket, the world. program should concern itself more with up from the present 20 percent. the basic needs of "the little guy" in To add even further to the burden underdeveloped countries and, indeed, on the individual, the President would LITHUANIA: FREEDOM UNDER the American people would support such increase the amount of the hospital SIEGE grassroots programs. room-and-board bill which would not be ¥le predicted at the time that the de­ covered by medicare. fault rate on these loans might run 5 I have recently received a letter from HON. DANIEL J. FLOOD percent, but, even so, this would still re­ a constituent which reflects the frustra­ OF PENNSYLVANIA sult in 20-to-1 cost benefit ratio in gen­ tion of many of our citizens at rising IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES erating grass-roots development--a pay­ health care costs which must be paid by off higher than any other type of aid the the individual under medicare. The letter Friday, June 15, 1973 United States was extending. Well, the and the article in the Miami Herald to Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, this great default rate is zero. The only cost has which it refers together explain how the Nation of ours was founded on the ideals been a pittance for administrative ex­ enactment of the administration's pro­ of freedom and the protection of human penses. posals would be a serious mistake: rights. To maintain this dignity which More important, lives have been JUNE 9, 1973. men deserve, we have struggled and changed and the rising expectations of Congressman WILLIAM LEHMAN, sacrificed much, both at home and the people have been met in their own Cannon Building, abroad. It is therefore with much regret communities. The Congress has made it Washington, D.C. that we witness tod~y the anniversary possible for working people to pull them­ HONORABLE CONGRESSMAN LEHMAN: It was of the forcible annexation of Lithuania selves up by their own bootstraps. They with a great deal of frustration that I read about the increase in Medicare payments as into the Soviet Union. have paid for it themselves, thus retain­ of July 1st. In the June 1st edition of the This Baltic State declared its inde­ ing their own pride and dignity. It has Miami Herald, was outlined the statement pendence on February 16, 1918, only to not been a handout or charity. that the administration had proposed in its have its newly gained freedom destroyed Now, Congressman Moss and I are 1974 budget to increase Part B of Medicare a by Soviet occupation during World War asking you to expand this program to all deductible of $85.00. It was bad enough for II. Under the aegis of communism, of Latin America and, at the same time, the Senior Citizens to have the 1972 deduct­ Lithuania has been denied the blessings give it a try in five countries in other ible of $50.00, increased to $60.00 for 1973, but just to think of raising ·.,his amount to $85.00 of religious and political freedom. This parts of the world to see if it will also is indeed frightening. freedom-loving people have been denied succeed there. I am sure that you are familiar with the the right of national self-determination. ""vVe also believe the operation itself, many injustices under the present adminis­ Though this nation is tiny, the strength along with its present competent staff, tration we face, particulary with regards to and the determination of its people are should be transferred from the Overseas the Health Program. great. Past guerrilla warfare and the self­ Private Investment Corporation to the I wish my protest against these changes of immolation of some of its youth have Agency for International Development. increases be stated in the Congressional Rec­ shown to the world that this nation will This is a program where the peasants ord. I and many other Senior Citizens hope that not succumb to Soviet suppression. decide in a group action what the great­ our faith in you will prove fruitful by your Lithuania struggles not to be colonial- est need of their community is, then actions in working towards goals that will 1zed. The United States, a country that make a common commitment of labor benefit us. So many things are being done to fought to free itself of colonialization, and money to achieve their goal. extend our lives, but what is it worth without has never recognized the Soviet incorpo- These untold stories of success are dignity. 19910" EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 15, 1973 Please do what you can to propose a bill and the federal government pays the balance Although there were no buildings within to help curb the many spiral costs, especially of what it oonsiders reasonable charges. the boundaries of the present Town of Man­ the medical expense, which is way beyond Under Part A hospital coverage, the patient assas and few families living in the vicinity most of our incomes. pays $72 the first day and nothing more untU at the end of the Civil War, growth and If you can suggest any steps we as citizens the 61st day when he or she pays a d.Mly progress were easily discernible within a can take, such as writing to sources that charge of $18. few years. could help us, it would be greatly appre­ The administration ~ad proposed in its The town's development really began when ciated. 1974 budget to incre!llse the Part B deductible William S. Fewell, an enterprising and fore­ Thanking you for your kind cooperation, to $85, and the beneficiary's share or subse­ sighted man who owned a great many acres I am quent bills from 20 to 25 per cent. in the area, laid out the town and began to Sincerely, In addition, patients hospitali~ed under sell lots. Mrs. PAUL "LILLIAN" WEINER. Part A would pay the first day's actual hos­ The Eureka House was built by Sumner MIAMl, FLA. pital room-and-board bill and 10 per cent Fitts in 1865. The Cannon House was built of the bill dally thereafter through the 60th in the same location around 1875. The Ma­ day. nassas Hotel was built on the east side of [From the Miami Herald, June 1, 1973] Main Street in 1865 or 1866. Later it was MEDICARE PAYMENTS TO Go UP JULY 1 called the Goodwin House. WASHINGTON .-Medicare ::>atients will be HISTORIC MANASSAS Besides these outstanding landmark ho­ paying 50 cents a month more each for in­ tels, there were three stores, a livery stable, surance prexniums covering doctor bills and a sumac factory, a grist mill for corn, a a wide range of other medical serW.ces be­ HON. STANFORD E. PARRIS wagon shop and a blacksmith shop. Profes­ ginning July 1. OF VmGINIA sional services were also provided in the 1860's. George C. Round opened a law office, Monthly Part B premiums go from $5.80 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to $6.30 on July 1. along with several doctors who started their A $10 increase in the annual deductible Friday, June 15, 1973 practice. before Medicare benefits are paid went into Churches began to establish in this grow­ effect in J•anuary, bringing the deductible Mr. PARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I am proud ing community prior to the town's incorpo­ to $60. to represent the town of Manassas, Va. ration in 1873. By the time Manassas became The Nixon administration's proposal to Manassas, located in the southern por­ the county seat in 1893, there were several add another $700 million a year to Medicare tion of my congressional district, is as buildings. recipients' medical and hospital bills has you know one of the most historic com­ The first newspaper, the Manassas Gazette, met stiff resistance in Congress, however. munities in the Nation. It shares with began publication in April 1869 and 1896 Legislation designed to put the proposed surrounding Prince William County a sold to The Manassas Journal. Another im­ increases into effect Jan. 1, 1974, reportedly portant event of 1869, was the first public still is bottled up in the Office of Manage­ rich respect for the past and a progres­ free school. ment and Budget. sive dedication to the future. As a trib­ The growth and development soon led More than half the Senate has signed a ute to this historic community and un­ the citizens to desire incorporation. This was statement opposing the plan, and Rep. Wil­ der the l€ave to extend my remarks in effected by an Act of The General Assem­ bur D. Mills (D., Ark.) chairman of the the RECORD, I would like to include now bly of April 2, 1873. The Town of Manassas, House Ways and Means Committee, has the following brief history of Manassas: as incorporated was about one-half mile vowed it will never pass. The Town of Manassas is the Couty Seat of square and lay on both sides of the railroad. Under Social Security Act amendments Prince William, one of the oldest counties in The original charter, written by George C. passed last year, a.bout 1.7 million disabled the State of Virginia. Round, was designed to provide the simplest persons under 65 and an estimated 10,000 Manassas is located in the central por­ and least expensive form of town govern­ to 15,000 persons suffering from chronic kid­ tion of the county and the century old town ment and was used with only minor changes ney disease will be covered by Medicare for boasts of rich historical heritage, irrespec­ until 1926, when the town manager form the first time starting today. tive of the Civil War battles which brought of government was instituted. Part A Medicare is hospital insurance for the name Manassas into national promi­ Fire protection became a major concern which eligibility is automatic when a person nence. and so wells were dug with this in mind as qualifies for Social Security. Part B is op­ It is believed that the railroad running well as a public water supply. This was tional, covers physicians' bills and certain through Manassas was constructed in the around 1890. medical supplies, and requires a monthly 1850's and that the railroad men were re­ A second major concern was streets and premium payment. sponsible for giving the name to Manassas sidewalks and by 1900 the streets of Manassas In the new fiscal year, Part A is expected Junction (sometimes called Manasseh Junc­ finally became free from the nuisance and to reach 23.1 million persons at a cost of tion). Records in the Frederick County court­ danger of animals running at large. $8.2 billion and Part B is expected to be house mention Manassas Run and Manassas By 1890, definite improvements were selected by 22.5 million at a total annual settlements as early as 1743-44. The point at made as streets were graded, drained and cost of slightly more than $3 billion. which the Manassas's Gap Railroad diverged graveled and plank sidewalks were built. The Dep!llrtment of Health, Education, from Orange and Alexandria became known The only bonded debt incurred prior to this and Welfare attributes the 50-cent monthly as Manassa's Junction. The apostrophe was time was sidewalk construction. Beautifica­ increases for Part B to greater use of physi­ gradually dropped from the name, and at tion projects and ordinances were another cians' services, more expensive serv-ices, and least by the time of the Civil War, the "Junc­ concern to the council's time and the town's higher costs and increasing use of hospital tion" part of the name was deleted. When budget. outpatient services. the town was incorporated in 1873, it was Although most of the Town Council's The increase will hold for two years, HEW simply the "Town of Manassas." time during the first two decades were de­ said, unless Congress boosts benefits in the For a number of years !)rio·: to the Civil voted to these routine tasks, considerable interim. Previous premium increases were War, the Manassas area was generally known attention was given to education and to 20 cents in 1972, 30 cents in 1971, $1.30 and by its post office which was called Tudor attempts to have Manassas become the $1 in 1968. Hall. This was a sparsely settled, quiet agri­ county seat. Last month the Social Security Admin­ cultural region primarily composed of large The county seat was moved from Brents­ istration sent cards to the newly covered dis­ slaveholding estates. Many of these lovely ville to Manassas in 1892. The courthouse was abled, telling them that they would be auto­ old plantation homes still survive through­ constructed on the west side of town at the matically enrolled for part B coverage unless out the county, and town. Little did the intersection of Grant Avenue and Lee Ave­ they returned the card. In the past, Medi­ peaceful farmers of 1860 dream that there­ nue. The names of these two new streets care beneficiaries we.re requried to return cent!:• constructed railroad junction would were chosen to represent the unity which cards only if they wanted to participate in bring to them the horror of war and unso­ had grown out of the tragic disunity which the supplementary medical-insurance pro­ licited national renown. had devastated the area and the country gmm. The railroad, to which the town accredits for thirty years before. The courthouse was Part B covers physicta.ns' bills and the cost its existence, played a very significant role built of native brownstone and completed of prosthetic devices, medical supplies and in this first major battle of the war (Civil in 1894. equipment, and labo:ratory services in and War) the Battle of Bull Run or the First During the first decade after the court­ out of the hospital. It does not include Battle of Manassas. General P. G. T. Beaure­ house was moved, telephone service was es­ prescription drugs outside the hospital. gard who was in command, held his head­ tablished in 1895. The National Bank of When Congress voted to increase the deduc­ quarters at Liberia, a beautiful brick home in Manassas was established in 1896 and The tible from $50 to $60 each year, it expanded the eastern part of the present town, from Peoples National Bank, seven years later. coverage to eliminate the home-health­ June 1861 to September, 1861. Manassas also expanded physically. In agency copayment and include the services During the Second Battle of Manassas or 1895 and 1896, West Street and Grant Avenue of speech pathologists and, in limited cases, Bull Run with Stonewall Jackson in com­ were extended northward and Portner Ave­ chiropractors. mand, the railroads were destroyed or made nue was opened from the main gate of the After the deductible has been met, the impassable at many points, hence Manassas Portner estate to Grant. Church Street was beneficiary pays 20 ~r cent of future bills Junction again knew the ravages of war. extended eastward to Zebedee in 1901. The June 15, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19911 first extension of the town's boundaries wa.s tuted in international forums. The tragic liam Petrina of Refrigeration Service); Ste­ made in December, 1904, making the cor­ position of Lithuania must be resolved. ven P. Faigen, Troop 70, medicine, (Dr. Frank poration approximately one mile square. A Bondi, chief surgeon, McKeesport Hospital); census held in 1905, showed 674 whites and Robert G. Ferer, Troop 4, electrical engineer, 207 negroes. (Max Bills, Irvin Works, U.S. Steel Corp.). On December 4, 1905, Manassas experienced Jeffrey Getkin, Troop 21, teacher, (Charles the greatest disaster in its history, when a FIRST EAGLE SCOUT RECOGNITION F. Ross, Christy Park Works, U.S. Steel fire raged through the downtown. The fire DINNER Corp.); Charles B. Gilchrist, music, (John wa.s discovered by the night operator for the C. Fisher, director instrumental music, South Southern Railway, in the rear of the Blossom Allegheny High School); James T. Gildea, building on the corner of Battle and Center HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS Troop 19, funeral director, (William H. Craig, Streets. OF PENNSYLVANIA funeral director); Bruce E. Grinder, Troop Hopkins candy factory completed in 1909 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 45, wildlife management, (James R. Smith, was an addition to the town. Bennett Agri­ Pennsylvania Fish Commission); Richard cultural High School was started and East­ Friday, June 15, 1973 Holmes, Troop 82, professional baseball, (Wil­ ern College came to town. The Industrial Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, recently liam G. Turner of Pittsburgh Pirates); school laid its cornerstone and a Volunteer the East Valley Area Council, Boy Scouts Thomas M. Halaszynski, Troop 58, physician, Fire Department was organized in 1909. (Dr. C. B. Bryce, physician). After many attempts by the Council, a of America, which serves approximately Stephen A. Harbulak, Troop 302, law en­ bond issue of $75,000 for water, sewerage and 40 communities in southwestern Penn­ forcement, (James B. Johnson, assistant city electric systems were accepted by the peo­ sylvania and more than 12,000 young editor, The Daily News, McKeesport, Pa.); ple. Americans, held a recognition dinner Clair W. Hartle III, Troop 211, electronic en­ In 1915, the Council moved to a new Town to honor 124 young men who have at­ gineer, (Robert L. Howell, Westinghouse Hall. A new brick structure housed the Fire tained the highest rank in scouting­ Electric Corp.); Elliott Haverlack, Troop 97, Company on the first floor and the council Eagle Scout. natural biologist, (Gus Vassilaros, teacher, chamber above. That building with various Gateway High School); Richard Heckman, renovations, is still being used as the Town These future leaders were feted at the Troop 99, music teacher, (E. D. Rotilli, band Hall. Edgewood Country Club and were the director, Elizabeth-Forward High School); One could not picture Manassas around the guests of their sponsors, men who have Robert L. Holman, Troop 184, law enforce­ turn of the century without the awareness already achieved success in a chosen field ment, (Don Little, attorney). of the 2000 acre Portner Estate. Robert Port­ of endeavor as well as having demon­ J. Scott Hughes, Troop 109, motor cycle ner built the beautiful mansion "Annaburg" strated a sincere interest in furthering mechanic, (Larry R. Sperling, Christy Park as a summer home during the early 1890's. the interest of Scouting. Works, U. S. Steel Corp.); DavidS. Hyland, Manassas had a dramatic association, an Troop 70, architect, (Sylvester Damianos, orchestra and a brass band. Nicol Hall pro­ I cannot begin to list all the names of architect); Douglas B. Jobes, Troop 45, com­ vided theatrical productions. Conner's Hall individuals who have contributed their puter science, (Paul Brodict, Westinghouse provided quality shows. efforts in publicly recogmzmg the Tele-Computer Systems); William P. Jones, The Peace Jubilee held during July, 1911, achievement of these Eagle Scouts. It is Troop 16, law enforcement, (Walter Backzow­ was to commemorate the 50th anniversary suffice to say they are men who serve ski, attorney); Paul Jumba, Troop 5, forestry, of the Battle of First Manassas. George Round without expecting such recognition for (Duane C. Conley, Koppers Corp.); William was one person most responsible for the their part in molding and shaping the J. Kabbert, Troop 90, physician (Dr. Robert Jubilee and the commemorate exhibit lo­ M. Priore, obstetrician); Robert W. Karow, cated on the courthouse lawn. future of America's youth. Troop 97, architect, (Ted McConnell, archi­ The town has continued to grow and ex­ I would, however, like to insert into tect); Barry M. Kerner, Troop 98, corporate pand to seven square miles and 13,000 to the RECORD names of the Eagle Scouts lawyer, (F. H. Henson, general patent coun­ 14,000 inhabitants at the present time. (1973) and their sponsors and also to extend my sel, Westinghouse Electric Corp.) ; Stephen personal commendations to Council Pres­ Kish, Troop 302, architectural engineer, ident James L. Pfiasterer and his staff (Boyd D. Vuinovich, U.S. Steel Corp.). for all they have done to perpetuate the Raymond D. Krueger, Troop 26, profes­ THE SUBJUGATION OF LITHUANIA sional hockey, (Terry Chambers of Pittsburgh Scouting movement and to see that those Penguins); James M. Liberto, Troop 2277, who attain the rank of Eagle Scout are solid waste management, (R. J. Liberto, solid duly honored for their achievement. waste management); Ronald Lyons, Troop HON. MARJORIE S. HOLT The list of Eagles and their sponsors 402, mechanical engineer, (Fritz Ottenheimer, OF MARYLAND is as follows: Westinghouse Electric Corp.); Richard Mc­ Allister, Troop 53, commercial airplane pilot, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES LIST OF EAGLE SCOUTS AND THEIR SPONSORS Paul Andrews, Troop 78, pharmacist, (W. (M. J. Tinstman, pilot, Alcoa); David E. Mc­ Friday, June 15, 1973 Carty, Troop 202, electronics, (John P. Mc­ A. Hacker of McKeesport Hospital); Regis Cune, Pomco); William McVicker, Post 82, Mrs. HOLT. Mr. Speaker, I rise to Andrews, Troop 78, dental technician, (Dr. electronics, (G. W. Nagel, Westinghouse Elec­ speak on the 33d anniversary of the sub­ Stanley J. Douglass, dentist); William L. tric Corp.); Charles G. Majetich, Troop 77, jugation of Lithuania by the Soviet Artz, Troop 16, architect, (Thomas C. Celli, carpenter, (Patsy D. Brusco, Christy Park architect); Gregory Babiak, Troop 44, jour­ Works, U. S. Steel Corp.). Union. This is a day of sorrow and reflec­ nalism, (Russell Naylor, U.S. Steel Corp.); tion for Lithuanian Americans, and Raymond Manganaro, Troop 73, construc­ John Balog, Troop 308, medicine, (Dr. Jablon­ tion, (R. C. Verona of Crawford Construc­ Lithuanians throughout the world. A day ski, physician); Jeff Barbour, Troop 45, ag­ tion); Douglas F. Marsh, Troop 45, forestry, when we pause to consider their forcible riculture, (Charles G. Turner of Turner (Joseph B. C. White, manager of Boyce annexation into the Soviet Union, and Dairies); Raymond G. Benney, Troop 310, Park); Gregory S. Mazik, Troop 78, mechan­ their continuous struggles to reject this contracting, (Steve Simko of U.S. Steel ical engineering, (J. W. Griffiths, Christy oppressive Communist system at a cost of Corp.); Don Berquist, Troop 19, architect, Park Works, U. S. Steel Corp.); Charles R. 50,000 Lithuanian lives. One-sixth of (John M. Tarle of G. C. Murphy Co.). Morgan, Troop 16, politics, (Mayor A. E. their people were deported from their Richard J. Bertoty, Troop 53, auto me­ O'Block of Plum Borough); Benjamin H. native land to Russia and Siberia in an chanic, (William Anderson, Chrysler dealer) ; Mount, Troop 23, broadcast-journalism, Rand A. Brinkman, Troop 16, engineering, (Edward T. Price, radio broadcaster); Harry effort to depopulate the Lithuanian na­ (C. Herbert Burkman of Champion Tool & C. Nagel, Troop 4, physics, (Robert Stark, tion. This is the equivalent of eliminating Die Co.); John Bruchas, Troop 58, X-Ray Churchill Area Senior High School); David all the people from 30 of America's larg­ technician, (Dr. P. C. Martineau of McKees­ Nelson, Troop 109, engineering, (D. M. Nelson est cities. port Hospital); Edward Coll, Troop 115, bio­ of Bacharach Instrument Co.); John D. As the United States stands on the chemistry, (George Dankosik of Sinclair Kop­ Nogan, Troop 8, electronics technician, (E. F. threshold of the most promising era of per Co.); Gary DiFrank, Troop 21, teacher, Beckwith, Christy Park Works, U. S. Steel (M. Eremik of Penn Hills School District); Corp.). peace in a decade, we should remember John C. Dinning, Troop 146, (Jerome Adams, Delmar R. Olson, Troop 99, electronics, that the Baltic peoples continue to sac­ attorney); Joseph C. Dombrosky, Troop 153, (R. w. Platt, Hauser & Carafas Engineering rifice their lives in their struggle to marine biology, (D. D. Skinner of Westing­ Co.); Paul J. Paisa, Troop 7, law enforce­ attain freedom and the right of national house Electric Corp.). ment, (S. Sylvan Little, attorney); David self-determination. I would earnestly Harry C. Elinsky, Jr., Troop 150, attorney, Paul, Troop 98, pilot, (George Kuebler, U.S. (Jan C. Swenson, attorney); Ronald Eng, Steel Corp.); Mark F. Plaushin, Troop 15, of­ hope that the United States would con­ Troop 267, nuclear engineer (W. H. Hamilton, ficer in the U.S. Navy, (Robe·rt Milich, U.S. tinue steadfast in its refusal to recognize Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory) ; Howard Navy); Ronald J. Police, Troop 70, mechani­ the Soviet annexation, and urge that, as Ericksen, Troop 109, physician, (Dr. J. S. cal enginee.ring (Lawrence Janel, U.S. Steel the 89th Congress specified, discussion of Anderson, physician); Kenneth R. Fabrizi, Corp.); Donald A. Privett, Troop 45, child the status of the Baltic States be insti- Troop 402, heating and refrigeration, (Wil- psychology, (Rev. Lance Brown, ministe·:) ~ 19912 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 15, 1973 Lawrence Ragan, Troop 308, ecologist, (Harry occupation of Lithuania by the Soviet there should be a similar holiday for T. Dolan, Homestead Works, U.S. Steel Corp.). Union. Since that infamous day in 1940, fathers. Bart D. Reisdorf, Troop 26, data process­ freedom and independence have been no With the support of her minister, Mrs. ing, (Richard J. Walko, Christy Park Works, U.S. Steel Corp.); Thomas Reutzel, Troop 3, more than a dream and a fervent hope Dodd composed a letter to the president music, (William Galvin, music director, within the hearts of a determined people. of the Spokane Ministerial Association Boyle High School); David Rogers, Troop 74, From the close of World War II until setting forth her proposal for the observ­ sales, (J. B. Frysinger, Pennsylvania Glass 1952, Lithuanian freedom fighters carried ance of Father's Day. Sand); Ronald J. Rohall, Troop 86, forester, the banner of their country in armed The association approved the idea, and (John Daly, Koppers Co.); Louis J. Rubbo, combat with the Russian invaders. Their the event was publicized by the Spokane Troop 24, chemical engineer, (H. L. Higgins, bravery and courage, documented by the YMCA. Incidentally, the date chosen by National-Duquesne Works, U.S. Steel Corp.); thousands who lost their lives defending Mrs. Dodd was that of her father's birth­ Mark J. Rutter, Troop 21, law enforcement, their homeland, was outmatched by a day, June 5. However, since it was be­ (Edward Arnold, Chief of Police, Penn Hills Borough). brutal, modernized, and well-financed lieved that this would not allow enough Daniel C. Seitz, Troop 20, bank manage­ totalitarian opposition. time for preparations, the third Sunday ment, (Melvin C. Peterson, McKeesport Of­ Since 1940 the combined populations in June was finally decided upon. The fice, Union National Bank); Patrick M. of the three Baltic nations of Lithuania, mayor of Spokane thus issued a Father's Shriane, Troop 55, computer programmer, Latvia, and Estonia have been depleted Day Proclamation and the Governor of (Charles W. Israel, Price Waterhouse & Co.); by one-fourth. A policy of mass deporta­ the State of Washington, M. E. Hay, set James A. Shuback, Troop 70, air condition tion succeeded in removing more than the date aside for official observance and refrigeration, (Glen H. Rojohn, Rojohn 150,000 Baltic people. Families were torn throughout the State. Co.); Stephen Siebert, Troop 19, mechanic, apart, separated, and consigned to the Spokane was the first city to establish (John V. McElgin, Christy Park Works, U.S. Steel Corp.); Kenneth J. Smithhammer, foreign and hostile labor camps of a special day each year for honouring Troop 23, che1', (Samuel Collura, Interstate Siberia. Yet, the Communists failed to fathers, and as newspapers began carry­ United Caterer). crack the spirit of the Lithuanian people, ing stories of the Spokane celebration, Ronald S. Snyder, Troop 40, electronics, they failed to dilute the strong under­ interest in Father's Day increased (Stanley Bohn, Bettis Atomic Power Labora­ current of national identity and integrity throughout the country. tory); James Spellman, Troop 5, optometrist that has been the strength of this small In 1972 Richard Nixon permanently (Dr. Mortin J. Keisler, optometrist); Timothy country throughout her long l:istory. established Father's Day by signing a A. Spence, Troop 73, minister, (Rev. Lawrence This was never more true than in 1972; congressional resolution. H auck , minister); Albert J. Sunday, Troop 24, accountant (Joseph Margolis, Margolis a year that witnessed several eruptions Jewelry Store); Robert Stocker, Troop 42, of the Lithuanian spirit. In March of accountant, (Merle D. Chilcott, U.S. Steel that year 17,000 Lithuanians signed a Corp.); Leonard Tomko, Troop 8, electrical petition protesting the religious discrimi­ LITHUANIA engineer, (D. E . Simpson, U.S. Steel Corp.); nation of the U.S.S.R. In May, Romas William D. Tritsch, Troop 78, mechan:cal en­ Kalanta, the latest of a long line of gineer, (Dr. J . W. Cottman, Westinghouse Lithuanian patriots, burned himself to HON. FRANK M. CLARK Electric Corp.). death in protest of his country's subjuga­ OF PENNSYLVANIA Kim V. Turnbull, Troop 45, engineer, (R. R. tion. The months that followed were IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Ferguson, Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory); marked by mass protests and arrests. George Vurdelja, Troop 116, law (James B. Friday, June 15, 1973 Richard, tax collector, Wilkinsburg); John These events served notice not only Weigand, Troop 53, auto mechanic, (Michael upon the U.S.S.R. but upon the free Mr. CLARK. Mr. Speaker, 33 years ago Hirjicek, Devereaux Chevrolet); Steven world that Lithuania remains a nation of a courageous and proud nation fell under Welsh, Troop 24, diesel mechanic, (P. M. sorrow, a nation that hungers for self­ the cloak of communism. I would like to Poole, Christy Park Works, U.S. Steel Corp.); determination. call on my fellow-Americans to take note James Wood, Troop 45, chemical engineer­ America and the free world can do no that today marks the sad anniversary ing, (Dr. L. A. Wilson, Gulf Oil Corp.); Dale less than to recognize their courage and of the invasion and occupation of Lith­ Worrell, Troop 68, law, (Mord Taylor, attor­ ney); Jay B . Yarnel, Troop 184, law, (H. E . to stand firm in our support for Lithua­ uania by the Soviet Army, June 15, 1940, Evans, attorney). nia and all the captive nations of eastern it will be remembered as a dark day in Eagle Scouts unable t o attend the dinner Europe. This, the 33d anniversary of the the history of the Ukrainians and all included David D. Art, Troop 97; Harry w. occupation of the Baltic countries, is a peace-loving people the world over. Not Austin, Troop 8; Brad S. Basic, Troop 19; most appropriate time to reaffirm that only has the freedom of Lithuanians been Floyd R. Beech, Post 3; Christopher H. Ben­ support. suppressed but this brave Nation has der, Troop 45; Joseph J. Burgan, Troop 78; been incorporated into the Soviet Union. Mark A. Chalfont, Troop 70; Michael R. While the United States refuses to rec­ Dzubinski, Troop 70; John A. Fickers, Troop SPOKANE, THE HOME OF ognize this forced incorporation of the 86; Michael L. Frangoulis, Post 490; Timothy FATHER'S DAY R . Gaughan, Troop 99; Fareel B. Helfer, Troop Baltic States it is not enough. We must 74; Gary C. Herbert, Troop 33; Robert c. continue to press our delegates in the Hornak, Troop 53; Robert M. Humphrey, HON. THOMASS. FOLEY United Nations and elsewhere throughout Troop 73; Anthony B. Ives, Troop 111; Robert the world to confront these aggressors E. Jakubek, Troop 53. OF WASHINGTON and denounce the actions which have vi­ Gary M. Kalansky, Troop 8; Kevin Kilburn, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES olated human rights. The Lithuanian Troop 91; James Y. Lake, Troop 32; Winfield Friday, June 15, 1973 people have proven many times over that S. Lea, Troop 73; David W. Larontonda, Troop they can withstand the forces of aggres­ 47; Edward D. Letchford, Troop 150; Robert Mr. FOLEY. Mr. Speaker, Father's Day, which is celebrated in our country sion. The United States must stand beside C. Lopez, Troop 24; David Mathos, Troop 9; them in a joint spirit of determination Daniel F. McNally, Troop 15; James F. Mycyk, on the third Sunday of June, is close at Troop 146; Keith W. Snyder, Troop 97; James hand. For this reason, I should like to and strength to pursue this fight for a M. Smith, Troop 101; William K. Turner, point out that although the earliest re­ place again in the free world. Our own Troop 184; Randall G. Tony, Troop 4; Ter­ corded observance of this holiday oc­ freedom is only as good as that of our rance D. Tremont, Troop 99; Paul A. Village, curred July 5, 1908, in Fairmont, W. Va., neighbors. Unless we are deeply involved Troop 308, and Scott M. Young, Troop 36. Spokane, Wash., was the first city to es­ in Lithuania's struggle for independence tablish an official Father's Day in 1910, our own liberties will become meaning­ less. I am privileged to represent many TRIBUTE TO LITHUANIA the difference being that the earlier ob­ servance was a Father's Day church serv­ Americans of Lithuanian descent in the ice held at the request of Mrs. Charles 25th District of Pennsylvania and I am Clayton. proud of their contributions to our com­ HON. WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD munity. To them I extend my warmest OF MICHIGAN Mrs. John Bruce Dodd of Spokane, wishes, my prayers and my continued IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wash., may be credited as the most ac­ tive and influential promoter of Father's hope that their people in the Baltic Friday, June 15, 1973 Day. While listening to a Mother's Day States will be free men again. Let us Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, to­ sermon in 1909, remembering her own salute a gallant nation and pledge our day is the 33d anniversary of the forcible father, she was struck by the idea that loyalty and continued support. June 15, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19913 INNOVATION: WE NEED THE WILL Unlike the situation in countries that com­ cies may often be no more than cosmetic pete with us :!or our own and the world's measures, or even counterproductive. markets, technological innovation in the TECHNOLOGY IS NOT THE BARRIER TO United States has never l'lisen to the stature INNOVATION HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE of an explicit and integml component of the national policy. Instead, innovation Many investigations in the last decade OF TEXAS have indicated that present or prospective IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tends to be variously stimulated or retarded only as a response to a wide array of public lack of scientific and technical knowledge Friday, June 15, 1973 policy objectives designed primarily for is not a main barrier to innovation. Thus, merely increasing the volume of R&D is not Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, other purposes-e.g., for economic stabiliza­ the principal stimulus for innovation. Rath­ tion, environmental health and safety, con­ er, barriers to innovation are mostly insti­ the Congress in its wisdom enacted into sumer protection, international tmde, avoid­ law, legislation which authorized the tutional ones, both internal to corporations, ance of monopoly, taxation, regulation, and as well as external, e.g., uncertainties about Office of Technological Assessment as an other strategies for domestic progress and government regulations, market character­ arm of the Congress. Civilian technology national security. While antitrust laws, for istics and competition (often from foreign in this country knows no bounds, and instance, were devised to overcome the effects suppliers operating under different public until we can coordinate this innate ca­ of restraint of trade, they can, at the same policies), and return/risk considerations. time, inhibit pursuit of technological in­ pacity with the one branch of our Gov­ novation that requires resource and policy It is high time that we learned to manage ernment which has direct contact with ·commitments beyond the objectives and innovation-the use of knowledge-as bril­ its people, we are in effect stifling devel­ means of a single corporation. liantly as we have learned to accomplish opment. Our public policies crisscross, one with R&D-the generation of knowledge. I believe the following article entitled another, creating uncertainties for innova­ WHERE IS THE WILL? "Innovation: We Need the Will" written tion. By thus exacerbating the inherently A year ago, in an historic message to Con­ by my good friend Mr. Michael Michaelis uncertain process of innovation even further, gress, the President said: "We must see to it of the Arthur D. Little Co. covers this they impede the entrepreneurial actions of that the environment for technologic inno­ industry, labor, and ~nance. We need to ex­ vation is a favorable one. In some cases, point well and I commend it to my col­ amine explicitly the impact on the innova­ excessive regulation, inadequate incentives, leagues. tion process of public policies and practices and other barriers to innovation have worked INNOVATION: WE NEED THE WILL and, where necessary and possible, reform­ to discourage and even to impede the entre­ (By Michael Michaelis) ulate them in order to foster innovation preneurial spirit. We need to do a better job Our domestic prosperity, the quality of our while at the same time protecting the public of determining the extent to which such con­ life, and our international strength are fash­ interest. ditions exist, their underlying causes, and ioned, in large measure, by our entrepreneur­ Different industry sectors-e.g., automo­ the best ways of dealing with them." Twelve ial and technical capabilities. But, to har­ biles, chemicals, housing-have different per­ months have passed and little has been done ness these more effectively in pursuit of na­ ceptions of the incentives for and the bar­ to turn this clarion call into action. tional goals requires a new sense of purpose riers to innovation that are posed by public We must act faster. I urge that the Con­ and urgency. America's ingenuity is being policy. The differences between sectors in gress take new initiatives. The recent crea­ challenged by other countries, both intellec­ market characteristics, technology, industry tion of the Office of Technology Assessment tually and economically. Our performance structure. and institutional arrangements, (OTA) in the Congress can provide addi­ must improve. The Congress is equipped to make this inevitable. It follows that public tional leverage for action. exercise leadership: its newly created Office policies, to be effective in stimulating inno­ OTA's first order of business should be to of Technology Assessment can provide lev­ vation, should more often be honed to be determine the extent to which entrepreneur­ erage for action. Congressional action should sector-specific. The varying characteristics ship for pursuing innovation in the public focus on creating those institutional ar­ of our pluralist society limit the efficacy of interest is impeded by barriers that can be rangements and incentives that foster in­ uniformly a;pplied measures. lessened through changes in public policy. novation while protecting the public MARKET DEMAND Second, OTA should assist Congress in form­ interest. There is no more effective stimulation for ulating those policy changes that require Innovation means renewal. It means the technological innovation than a market legislative actions and in identifying those improvement of the old and the develop­ "pull" tha;t is clearly perceived by industry. that can be executed within the present leg­ ment of new capabilities of people and their This "pull" is lacking particularly in those islative framework. With regard to the latter, organizations. Innovation is a process which sectors-e.g., housing, education, transpor­ Congress-through its oversight on execu­ we choose to pursue, with a faith borne tation-where the taxpayer's money signifi­ tive agencies-can exercise such action-forc­ partly of hope and partly of experience, but cantly structures the market and its charac­ ing influence as may be needed. also with a considerable sense of uncertainty. teristics. Yet, these areas are big users of America has the human and financial We are unsure of the outcome, but we believe resources and main triggers of consumer resources to innovate purposefully, and it in the process. dissatisfaction. They are ripe for innovation. has the knowledge to do so wisely. We can We believe in it because there is ample Inasmuch as Federal, state, and local gov­ sharpen the vision and energize the muscle evidence that innovation spurs gains in ernments are principal determinants of such of American enterprise. But we need new productivity, and that such gains create markets, they need to collaborate with the institutional arrangements to achieve our resources needed for economic and social private sector so as to formulate performance purpose. To Congress: Give us these tools betterment. We are unsure of the outcome requirements (technical, economic, and so­ and we will do the job. because the process is highly complex and cial) , timetables, and cost parameters, if subtle: it calls for both drastic and delicate industry, labor, and finance are to respond changes in individual attitudes, in organiza­ with vigorous entrepreneurship to meet these tional behavior, and in the complex maze of public needs. LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE public policies that impinge on both. As PUBLIC-PRIVA:J'E SECTOR COLLABORATION Schumpeter once said: "Innovation is a feat, The dynamics of the market, and feedback not of intellect, but of will." control through profit, make the business HON. HENRYS. REUSS We need that will to innovate now to sus­ community the most effective innovator and OF WISOONSIN tain our advances on two fronts: socio-eco­ resource allocator that we have ever invented. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nomic progress at home and world leader­ The task of government, on the other hand, is ship through competitiveness abroad. We to establish incentives and constraints in Friday, June 15, 1973 must innovate so as to use to full advantage such a way that profit is made doing what Mr. REUSS. IV..:r. Speaker, 33 years our vast pool of human, technical, social, society most needs done. in a manner that and financial resources and knowledge. As society finds acceptable. ago, on June 15, 1940, the Soviet Union we attempt innovation, we come to recognize For these two functions to be carried out occupied the independent state of Lith­ that the causes for much of our hesitation effectively requires a degree and kind of uania. Today is therefore a day of sorrow are found in the imperfect processes for de­ interaction between business and govern­ and refiectiJn for Lithuanian-Ameri­ fining and balancing public policy objectives. ment that we all too frequently deny our_ cans, Lithuanians, and all freedom-lov­ POLICY OBJECTIVES selves by clinging to public policies and prac­ ing people throughout the world. Government policies, actions, and practices tices that reflect the needs of the past rather Tracing their national history back to affecting technological innovation are now than those of today's world. We need to cre­ 1251, the Lithuanians can lay claim to expressed in a diverse and diffused system ate the most open-and mutually trustful­ of arrangements, and through a complex communications between the public and pri­ being one of the oldest distinct national maze of statutory and administrative instru­ vate sectors, if public policies are to be so groups in Europe. They yearn to follow mentalities. Responsibility is similarly dis­ conceived, formulated, and executed that their own cultm·al, social, and economic persed. It is unrealistic to expect construc­ private industry can play its role as inno­ traditions. tive change to emerge from these arrange­ vator to the fullest. Without such open com­ History has not been kind to them. Yet ments. munication and mutual trust, public poli- even years of suffering cannot destroy 19914 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 15, 1973 the Lithuanians' spirit and their desire titled, "Mr. Bontemps, Author," and ual freedom everyy;her~my deeply felt for liberty. from the Nashville Banner, "Ama Bon­ sorrow at the tragic loss which continues I join today with more than 1 million temps." I commend them to the consid­ to result from the bondage of this proud Americans of Lithuanian descent 1n eration of my colleagues: nation. looking forward to the day when Lithu­ .ARNA BONTEMPS Lithuania has suffered the deportation anians and all peoples everywhere can Arna Bontemps served for 22 valuable of more than one-sixth of its population share the blessings of freedom. years as librarian of Fisk University, and was to Soviet Siberia. It lost 50,000 lives in nationally distinguished as a writer, poet the struggle against the Soviet annexa­ and literary critic. tion alone. It continues to suffer denial Born in Louisiana, he had achieved much of self-determination, violation of the ARNA BONTEMPS before he moved to Nashvllle in 1943. In New right of religious freedom, and the denial York, he was identified with the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s, and his first novel of the rights to dissent or to emigrate­ HON. RICHARD H. FULTON became a Broadway play. Since becoming all in violation of universal and funda­ Fisk's librarian emeritus in 1965, he has mental principles of the dignity of man. OF TENNESSEE served professorships at the University of nu­ Let us hope for a day when such dread­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nois and Yale University, among other things, ful anniversaries need be marked only as Friday, June 15, 1973 and more recently has continued active as a remembrance of times past. writer-in-residence at Fisk. Mr. FULTON. Mr. Speaker, a literary Nashvllle knew Mr. Bontemps as a substan­ :figure of deserved reputation and renown, tial contributor to the betterment of educa­ Mr. Bontemps, died in Nashville recently tion in general and of the English language in particular, with emphasis upon the ex­ FLAG DAY at the age of 70. panding cultural achievement of the Amer­ Mr. Bontemps had a significant career ican Negro. His death is widely regretted. in American letters and left a legacy of HON. MARIO BIAGGI great value. MR. BONTEMPS, AUTHOR He was librarian emeritus at Fisk Uni­ OF NEW YORK Mr. Arna Bontemps, well-known American IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES versity at the time of his death, after writer and literary critic, and writer-in-resi­ having served as librarian there from dence at Fisk University, died here Monday Thursday, June 14, 1973 1943 to 1965. Born in Alexandria, La., at age 70. Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, today we in 1902, Mr. Bontemps early showed a Mr. Bontemps, born in Alexandria, La., was librarian at Fisk from 1943-65 and after that celebrate the 56th annual observance of talent for the literary arts. During the was a professor at the University of Illinois Flag Day. Flag Day in America is an 1920's, he and other young black writers in Chicago until 1969, when he became cur­ important occasion when each Ameri­ and artists settled in the Harlem section ator of the James Weldon Johnson collection can should take time to reflect upon his of New York City where their work was and visiting professor of English liter8/ture at heritage. known as the "Harlem Renaissance." Yale University. He was named an honorary At a time when paJtriotism seems out­ Among this group of writers was the consultant in American cultural history at moded and irrelevant in the hearts of late poet Langston Hughes. the Library of Congress last January. During the 1920s, the author was among some of our citizens, let us be glad that In 1931, he wrote his :first novel, "God numerous young black writers and artists there are still those of us who can cele­ Sends Sunday," which was dramatized who settled in Harlem and reinvigorated brate Flag Day 1973 without reserva­ on Broadway in 1946 as "St. Louis Negro literature in America with a body of tion. Rather than deemphasizing the role Woman." It starred Pearl Bailey. work called the Harlem Renaissance. of pwtriotism in our country, now is the In the depression years, Mr. Bontemps Mr. Bontemps produced a considerable time to renew it. In 1973 we need a new worked as a part of a group known as body of work as novelist, poet and biographer. As a critic he directed much of his attention commitment to the ideals of patriotism; the "National Writers Project." to the failure of white American authors to one that will lead all of us in the Con­ He was active until the time of his recognize the black contributions to the na­ gress to dedicate ourselves to the un­ death, and at that time was working on tion's creative life. finished task of building a better Amer­ a trilogy which was to be an interrelated The thing that hurt blacks most in this ica. interpretation of Frederick Douglass, century, he once said, was "the allegation As we look up to the flag which is un­ Booker T. Washington, and W. E. Du­ that the Negro had no history, no record, no furled daily against the background of Bois. background, no achievement worth mention­ this historic Capitol Building, it seems During his lifetime, Mr. Bontemps also ing." When he started out as a youngster to find the origins of Negroes in the history hard to believe that there was in this served as curator at Yale University and books of the day, he said, he discovered thalt past year a ruling by one of the high­ as honorary consultant in American cul­ "the authors of the books treated me as if I est courts in this country which stands tural history to the Library of Congress. didn't exist." to make a mockery of our great flag. The Last January, he was named writer-in­ Mr. Bontemps did much to correct this U.S. Court of Appeals recently said it was residence at Fisk University in Nash­ in his lifetime. His death is a cause of sad­ permissible for an individual to wear the ville. ness in the literary world. The author wlll be flag on the seat of his pants. The Su­ missed, but his works will long stand as a Among Mr. Bontemps other works are memoriaJ. to his contribution in helping all preme Court has agreed to hear this "Chariot in the Sky," "100 Years of Negro America realize the rightful role of blacks in case in their next session later this year. Freedom," and "Free at Last: The Life the nation's literary history. It is my profound hope that the Court of Frederick Douglass." will see to it to overrule this unfortu­ During his lifetime, Mr. Bontemps con­ nate decision. If we are ever to 81ttain tributed significantly to American litera­ the great goals which our forefathers ture and letters. In 1966, he complained A SAD ANNIVERSARY set for us, we must develop a greater re­ of the "myths" that have plagued the spect for the institutions of our country Negro since his arrival to these shores. than now seems evident. He went on to say: HON. MARGARET M. HECKLER These difficult times demand that we The myth which I suspect has hurt us OF MASSACHUSETTS call forth the very best of our talents most in the present century was the allega­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and abilities to meet this challenge. tion that the Negro had no history, no rec­ Indeed, we must never succumb to the ord, no background and no achievement. Friday, June 15, 1973 complacency that this life of liberty and Much of Mr. Bontemps' life and work Mrs. HECKLER of Massachusetts. Mr. prosperity can occasionally breed. We was dedicated to the eradication of these Speaker, I should like to recognize a sad, must constantly strive to actively exer­ myths and the establishment of the yet significant anniversary in the history cise our freedoms. We must also main­ American Negro in his proper and right­ of human rights. Today, June 15, 1973, tain the necessary defenses to prevent ful historic perspective. marks the 33d anniversary of the forced all threats of tyranny, either from with­ His passing leaves a void in American annexation of Lithuania into the Soviet in or without. literature which w111 be difficult to fill. Union. · Mr. Speaker, on this day let us not for­ Mr. Speaker, at this time, I include edi­ I wish to convey to the Lithuanian get those gallant Americans who are still torials from the Nashville Tennessee en- people-and to the partisans of individ· unaccounted for in Southeast Asia. We June 15, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19915 must never forget that these men are ex­ For your 'law and order' administrat ion to neit h er participants nor outside reporters, amples of the type of Americans which dignify Wounded Knee by superceding tribal acting as "observers," divulge the substance authorities without proper agreement and by of the meetings or quote any statement made exemplify the traditions and principles "negotiation with unofficial tribal bodies · during the discussions and plenary session. which we are called on to celebrate about tribal affairs" is an affrontery to the A report of the conference's findings is to today. "silent majority" of law abiding Indians, who be released later in the year. saw a ray of hope in your message of July 8, 1970. Every tribe has a council, committee or FRANKLY SPEAKING organization that is recognized as the official body. Admittedly, some such councils are not NEW PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS always what they ought to be, but under our system of democracy the place to change HON. JAMES ABDNOR them is at the polls, not in "negotiations" HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM OF SOUTH DAKOTA with self-appointed unofficial tribal "leaders" OF NEW YORK IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES and by White House aides who do not know how the average Indian reasons. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Friday, June 15, 1973 In the past, some who have been high on Friday, June 15, 1973 Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. Speaker, the rela­ the Totem Pole, in the Bureau of Indian Af­ tionship between the Federal Govern­ fairs, have helped to channel government Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, on May ment and the militant Indians of the funds into organizations that defy )aw and · 8, I proposed that new Presidential elec­ appear bent on rebellion. Some of your aides tions called by Congress might offer the American Indian Movement is now in a have deliberately bypassed constituted Tribal tenuous truce. Resolution problems per­ bodies. Thus, they have undermined Tribal most constructive solution to situations taining to and arising from the long siege organizations and fostered unrest. Such is like Watergate. An amendment to the at Wounded Knee., S. Dak., in my con­ now bearing fruit in incidents like Wounded Constitution would be required, of course, gressional district, still remains. Knee. to give Congress the authority, and on Rev. B. Frank Belvin, an Indian who Therefore, with deepest respect, Mr. Presi­ May 9, I introduced House Joint Resolu­ has spent his adult life as a missionary dent, I suggest that you take a good look at tion 547. That resolution, if enacted, your aides who deal with the Indians. Be would submit to the States for ratifica­ to the Creeks and the Seminoles for the sure they have patient human hearts, but at Baptist Church, recently sent an open the same time are loyal Americans who will tion a constitutional amendment provid.­ letter to President Nixon concerning the not let this nation be walked on or black­ ing that Congress could call new Presi­ attitude of the Federal Government in mailed by any minority group, race, or nation. dential elections whenever it might relation to the Indian people and the Mr. President, it is with sadness that I determine that a President had lost the need for the maintenance of law and realize that what I have said may forever ability to perform his responsibilities. order on the Indian reservations. His alienate me from you and your administra­ A variation of this proposal has now tion, but in my dedication to duty, I assume been put forward by historian Vincent letter touches on the heart of the matter that I would speak the truth without favor. and deserves to be thoughtfully consid­ The old adage was never more true than in Wilson, Jr., in a recent New York Times ered by all of those truly interested in the this instance, "I had rather be right t.han be article. The main difference in the Wilson future of the Indian people. president." proposal is that it calls for a national This letter was included in the "Amer­ Believe me, for I am both humbly and, referendum prior to the calling of new ican Indian Baptist Voice," and I hope Frankly speaking, elections. Such referendum, Mr. Wilson my colleagues will seriously ponder its B. FRANK BELVIN, argues, would reveal public sentiment on General Missionary to Creeks and amending the Constitution and on message: Seminoles. FRANKLY SPEAKING-AN OPEN LETTER TO whether such an amendment should ap­ THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES ply to Watergate. Mr. RICHARD M. NixoN, In view of the closeness and sensitivity President, United States of America, SECRECY TALKS SECRET of the Congress, and particularly the White House, Washington, D .C. House of Representatives, to public opin­ DEAR Mr. NixoN: My personal admiration ion. I find it difficult to see the need for for you is exceeded only by my respect for HQN. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE a referendum. But despite this aspect of the awesome office which you occupy. In OF MISSOURI the Wilson proposal, I certainly welcome light of that, and especially since I am such IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES it as added support for the basic idea of an insignificant individual, I am reluctant new Presidential elections called by Con­ to say anything to one whose very position Friday, June 15, 1973 demands respect and des-erves veneration. gress, and I am pleased to provide the But in the face of recent developments, I Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, all pub­ article to which I have referred, entitled feel compelled to speak my piece. lic officials are surely aware of the bene­ "A Show of Hands," from the June 13, First, let me say that I am an American fits brought to society by the persistent 1973, issue of the New York Times: Indian. I have spent all my life working with advocates of an "open door policy," "open A SHOW OF HANDS and for the Indians in all stages of progress, covenants, openly arrived at" and the (By Vincent Wilson, Jr.) on trust land, on reservations, and in urban various "sunshine" amendments to re­ BROOKVILLE, MD.-lt is possible that Ad­ communities, trying to reconcile man to God move the evils of secrecy. and man to man. So no one can justly ques­ ministrations in the past have somehow u sed tion my dedication to my people. The following article from the June 11, their power to keep incriminating informa­ But now some Indians have done some un­ 1973, Christian Science Monitor should tion from the voters, but never has there fortunate things which have been inadvert­ not be kept secret. been a case as patent as Watergate-where ently encouraged by government and exag­ SECRECY TALKS SECRET the voters learned just a few months after the election of criminal behavior engaged in gerated by the news media. If such is allowed (By Stewart Dill) to continue and the participants are per­ by the party in power six months before the mitted to go without penalty, this nation is CAMBRIDGE, MAss.-Combating government election. in for a hard time, and every Indian council secrecy and finding ways to assure freedom If, under these circumstances, enough vot­ and individual in the country faces poten­ of the press was the theme of a meeting of ers feel that they were deprived of impor­ tial disruption and intimidation. Because you the Roscoe Pound-American Trial Lawyers tant-and perhaps critical-information be­ are who you are, the blame will be laid at Foundation here last week. fore the election, they can do something be­ your door. The two-day plenary conference attracted sides cry impeachment. They can, through I am aware that because of the multiplicity more than 50 prominent members of the na­ Congress, take the action necessary to invali­ of your responsibilities you must, of neces­ tion's journalistic and law professions. On date the 1972 Presidential election and call sity, rely on the advice of aides. But Mr. the agenda were discussions of such topics for a new one. President, by now you ought to know that as a reporter's privilege to protect his :hews There are established mechanisms within you are being ill-advised. Such bungling in sources and access to government informa­ our governmental system to ascertain if the the handling of the Bureau of Indian Affairs tion. voters, on a national scale, wish to take such takeover by miiitant Indians last November, The conference also included representa­ action. One of these is the referendum, used when over sixty thousand dollars were tives of the American Bar Association, Ralph generally to ratify state legislation. A mem­ handed over to militants, according to re­ Nader's Center for Responsive Law, American ber of Congress could introduce a bill calling liable sources, without so much as a receipt Civil Liberties Union, top officials of the for a national referendum on the matter of t o show for it, should have been enough for American Newspaper Publishers Association, an amendment to Section 1, Article II of the you to discern that your aides are simply and the Managing Editors' Association. Constitution, which deals with the election contributing to blackmail. Foundation officials specifically asked that of the President. He could propose that a CXIX--1257- Part 16 19916 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 15, 1973 national referendum be held, say, the second to reconfirm my belief in the cause of DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, Tuesday after the bill is passed, the referen­ Lithuanian independence and to express OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, dum to determine if it is the will of the peo­ my desire for liberty for Latvia and Es­ Washington, D.C. June 15,1973. ple to have an amendment that would pro­ Hon. PAUL FINDLEY, vide that, under certain conditions, a Presi­ tonia as well. I commend the efforts of House of Representatives. dential election could be invalidated and re­ the Lithuanian-Americans in Connecti­ DEAR MR. FINDLEY: This is in reply to your run. cut and throughout the United States to lett er of June 13 in which you raised several To be invoked, the amendment could re­ keep the spirit of freedom alive both here questions about the possible effects of the quire a Congressional vote, supported by a and in the Baltic States. $20,000 payment limitation. Attached are national referendum. Our country aspires to freedom for all t ables giving our estimates under various If the results of the referendum were af­ nations as it reaffirms in the Atlantic assumptions. firmative, the regular process for amending Charter "to see sovereign rightf and self­ At this time we have no good basis for the Constitution could then be performed estimat ing the proportion of any payment to with comparative speed, since each member government restored to those who have wheat or corn growers that would be deter­ of Congress would be reasonably sure that he been forcibly deprived of them." Since mined to be needed for resource adjust­ had sufficient support from his constituents recognizing the Government of Lithuania ment. This determination would rest largely to give his support to the amendment. If the on July 27, 1922, the United States con­ on an intensive review of prospective supply­ results were negative, action would, of course, tinues to maintain diplomatic relation.s demand conditions just prior to formulation stop there. No matter what the outcome, with the representative of that former and announcement of the annual programs. after this national referendum the Adminis­ government. I would not agree, however, that most pay­ tration-and the nation-would know, with I join all Lithuanians and Americans ments under the feed grain and wheat pro­ some accuracy, how American citizens feel grams would be for resource adjustment, about Watergate and all it implies. of Lithuanian descent in striving to even at the t arget prices proposed by the If such an amendment were passed and achieve freedom for the Baltic States Department. I can easily imagine a program proper action-such as a second referen­ before we commemorate another anni­ for 1974 that requires no set-aside in which dum-taken to invoke it in this particular versary marking the loss of freedom. My case the Secretary would probably determine instance, the citizens would then have the wi.sh is that the next anniversary will be that all payments for wheat and feed grains opportunity to begin anew, with new con­ one of jubilation for new-found inde­ were for income supplement and, therefore, ventions and fresh candidates. pendence for Lithuania and her sister subject to the limitation. It is also easy to As with many provisions of law, having envisage a market situation for 1974 in such an amendment might, in itself, dis­ states in the Baltic area. which no payments would be required at the courage attempts to thus subvert the demo­ Department's proposed level of target cratic process. prices. A situation in which no income sup­ What would happen immediately after a plements would be required if the Senate national referendum in which the vote was A DECADE TO FARM PAYMENT level of target prices were maintained would overwhelmingly for invalidating an election? REFORM-1963-73 appear to be highly improbable, especially as Could the incumbent President carry on the these target prices escalate in future years. business of Government, or would he lose too In view of the 1972 and 1973 planting ex­ much authority to make that possible? Such perience under the $55,000 payment limita­ a decision would rest with the Congress, as HON. PAUL FINDLEY tion, we would expect the $20,000 payment provided in Section 5, Article II of the Con­ OF ILLINOIS limit to have a slight negative effect on acre­ stitution, and with the Supreme Court, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES age planted to cotton. whose interpretation of that section might Sincerely, be required. Friday, June 15, 1973 CARROLL BRUNTHAVER. However, a convincing vote for invalidat­ Mr. ::£i'INDLEY. Mr. Speaker, today is ing the 1972 elections might not precipitate a crisis of confidence; the assurance of change a historic day, for it signals the begin­ UPLAND COTTON : ESTIMATED NUMBER OF PRODUCERS AND implicit in such a vote might so direct peo­ ning of the end of big payments to big ESTIMATED PRODUCTION ON FARMS THAT WOULD BE ple's thoughts toward the selection of can­ farmers. For over a decade I have been AFFECTED BY A $20,000 PAYMENT LIMITATION t didates for a new election that the present working to reform the system under Administration might be tolerated for its which big farmers received huge pay­ $20,000 LIMITATION PER CROP presumably limited remaining life much as ments for not growing crops, sometimes many a lameduck one has been in the past. totaling several million dollars. This Estimated Whatever the developments, such actions number of Estilnated year, with the effective assistance of my producers total production would give American citizens a chance to Payment rate (in cents) affected (million bales)3 exercise some of the rights that the Bill of friend and colleague from Massachusetts, Rights so clearly states are "reserved to the Congressman SILVIO CONTE, the House people." has at last adopted a strong, leakproof 5_------400 0.6 10_------3, 000 3.3 payment limitation which if accepted by 15 ------7, 500 6.0 the Senate will bring an end to those un­ LITHUANIA REMAINS IN BONDAGE conscionably large farm payments. $20,000 LIMITATION PER PRODUCER AS IN S. 1888 In 1963, I first offered an amendment to an agricultural appropriations bill to 5_------550 0. 8 HON. RONALD A. SARASIN limit big farm payments. The amend­ 10_------4,100 4. 5 OF CONNECTICUT ment was defeated, as it was in most 15 ------10, 300 8.1 IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES years thereafter. Upon occasion, when the House accepted the amendment, the 1 Based on 1972 program data (without regard to any Friday, June 15, 1973 changes in farming arrangements that may occur), as· Senate would knock it out. suming all of the payment is income supplement. At this Mr. SARASIN. Mr. Speaker, the world In recent years, Congressman CoNTE time we have no basis for estimating the proportion of the is on the threshold of an era of peace­ payment that would be determined to be resource adjust­ has helped to lead the way to farm pay­ ment. ful coexistence, with armed conflict ment reform. Several times he has of­ ~ Production in excess of the limit would be approxi­ erupting but sporadically. Yet beneath fered a farm payment limitation, some­ mately 40 percent of total production shown. this peaceful veneer lie irritants to true times with success-which the Senate peace and freedom. The bondage by the reversed-sometimes without. But each Much of the credit for today's strong Soviet Union of Lithuania and her sister time, support for the limitation has vote of 195 to 157 in favor of the limita­ Baltic nations of Estonia and Latvia grown. tion must go to Congressman CoNTE. As a serves as a reminder that quietude does As support for the payment limit grew, member of the Appropriations Commit­ not necessarily denote a content nation. opposition from the Department of Agri­ tee from which the bill came, he has The date of June 15 once again reminds culture decreased. As recently as 1971, worked diligently and resourcefully to u.s of the anniversary of the forcible an­ the Secretary of Agriculture took an un­ see that an effective amendment was nexation of Lithuania into the Soviet compromising stance against the $20,- adopted. I salute him. Union in 1940. 000 limitation. This year, for the first The House has acted in the wake of I have had the opportunity to speak time, the administration did not actively similar action by the Senate on the new with Lithuanian-Americans living in my oppose the amendment on the floor of farm bill. When the Agriculture and district concerning the future of the the House. Instead, Dr. Carroll Brunt­ Consumer Protection Act of 1973 was be­ Baltic States. Each conversation serves haver wrote me the following letter: ing considered, Senator BAYH offered an June 15, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19917 amendment to limit payments under the the average farmer in his field, who sees Appropriations Bill for fiscal year 1968 (Con­ new farm program to $20,000. relatively little of the Federal charity, gressional Record, p. 14853) : "On page 34, line 18, after the word 'hereof' Although the action by the House and but receives ·~he brunt of public reaction strike the period and insert the following: Senate were taken on different bills, the against big farm payments. Now it is "Provided further, That none of the funds fact that they have come so close to­ time for Congress to vote for the average appropriated by this Act shall be used to gether in time makes me hopeful that man and the average .farmer and against formulate or carry out price support or com­ each body will adopt finally a payment big farm payments. · modity programs during the period ended limitation similar to that already The following is a chronology of June 30, 1968, under which the total amount adopted in the other House. amendments to restrict big farm pay­ of payments in excess of $25,000 would be made to any single recipient as (1) incentive When the agriculture appropriations ments to farm producers which Con­ payments, (2) diversion payments, (3) price bill reaches the Senate, I am hopeful gressman CONTE and I have offered over support payments, (4) wheat marketing cer­ that they will ratify their earlier deci­ the years: tificate payments, ( 5) cotton equalization sion on the farm bill and impose a strict CHRONOLOGY payments, (6) cropland adjustment pay­ $20,000 limitation on total payments to . June 6, 1963: Amendment offered by Rep­ ments, and (7) compliance payments." any one farmer, just as the House of resentative Paul Findley to the Agricultural The division vote was 47 in favor-136 Representatives did today. Appropriations Act for fiscal year 1964. (Con­ against. When the House of Representatives gressional Record, p. 10411) : May 1, 1968: Amendment offered by Rep­ "On page 33, after line 12, insert the fol­ resentative Paul Findley to the Agricultural considers the Agriculture and Consumer lowing: Appropriations Bill for fiscal year 1969 (Con­ Protection Act of 1973, which is currently "SEc. 607. None of the funds provided gressional Record, p. 11281) : being marked up in committee, I intend herein shall be used to pay the salary of any "On page 33, line 5, after the word 'hereof'. to offer an amendment similar to the one officer or employee who negotiates agree­ "Provided further, That none of the funds adopted by the Senate when they con­ ments or contracts or in any other way, di­ appropriated by this Act shall be used to sidered the bill. rectly or indirectly, performs duties or func­ formulate or carry out price support or com­ Unfortunately, when I offered my tions incidental to supporting the price of modity programs during the period ending amendment-reproduced below-in the Upland Middling Inch cotton at a level in June 30, 1969, under which the total amount excess of 30 cents a pound." of payments in excess of $10,000 would be full committee, it was entirely emascu­ The division vote was 105 in favor-131 made to any single recipient as ( 1) incentive lated by amendments. As with the $55,000 against. payments, (2) diversion payments, (3) price payment limit adopted in 1970, the new January 26, 1965: Amendment offered by support payments, ( 4) wheat marketing cer-' limitation of $37,500 proposed by the Representative Paul Findley to the appro­ tiflcate payments, (5) cotton equalization Agriculture Committee is full of holes priations for the Commodity Credit Corpo­ payments, and (6) cropland adjustment through which millions of tax dollars ration Act (Congressional Record, p. 1185): payments." are sure to leak if it is not plugged up on "On page 2, line 3, strike the period at the A teller vote was taken with 79 in favor- the tloor. In fact, the committee added end of the sentence and insert the following: 129 against. a new hole which was not included in "Provided, That no part of this appropria­ July 31, 1968: Amendment offered by Rep­ tion shall be used to formulate or carry out resentative Paul Findley to the extension of 1970. any price support program providing further the Food and Agriculutre Act of 1965 (Con­ This $37,500 retread of the $55,000 pay­ payments during the fiscal year 1965 to any gressional Record, p. 24402): ment limit applies only to individual person, partnership, firm, joint stock com­ "SEc. 2. Such Act is further amended by crops. Thus, under the committee bill a pany, corporation, association, trust, estate, adding at the end thereof the following new farmer could receive as much as $112,- individual, or other legal entity, pursuant to section: 500 in Government payments if he re­ the provisions of section 348 of the Agricul­ "SEc. 710. Notwithstanding any other pro­ tural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended." vision of this Act, effective with the 1970 ceives the maximum amount for planting The division vote was 45 in favor-105 all three crops-cotton, wheat, and corn. crop, annual payments made pursuant to against. provisions of Titles II, III, IV and V shall not Also, the committee bill permits sub­ August 19, 1965: Amendment offered by exceed in the aggregate $10,000 to any single division of cotton allotments and farms. Representative Paul Findley to the Food and recipient." Through this loophole has tlowed virtual­ Agricultural Act of 1965 (Congressional Rec­ The division vote was 71 in favor-115 ly the entire savings predicted for the ord,p.21061): against. $55,000 limitation in 1970. If this loop­ "On page 54, line 25, insert the following: March 12, 1969: H.R. 8773, a blllintroduced hole is left in the bill, farmers will once "SEc. 707. Notwithstanding any other pro­ by Representative Paul Findley to limit pay­ vision of law, the total amount of payments ments to farmers, increase the authorization a;gain sell or lease portions of their al­ made by the Secretary to any producer or lotments to relatives and neighbors so for food stamps, and increase water-sewer producers on any farm under the provisions grant authority for rural communities: VI that each receives the maximum of $37,- of titles II, III, IV, V and of this act shall "Be it enacted by the Senate and House of in 500 permitted by the law. The total cost not exceed $25,000 calendar year 1966 or Representatives of the United States of to taxpayers will be the same, family in any calendar year thereafter. In the case America in Congress assembled, That the farm units will continue to receive ex­ of any producer or producers owning, op­ Food and Agriculture Act of 1965, as traordinary sums of money, and tax­ erating, or controlling more than one farm, amended, is amended by adding at the end the limitations set forth in the preceding thereof the following new title: payers will be deluded into believing sentences shall apply to such producer or that Congress has acted to save their producers. For the purpose of this section "'TITLE IX-LIMITATIONS ON PAYMENTS money. t he term 'producer' shall mean an individual, "'SEc. 901. Notwithstanding any other pro­ The new loophole not included in 1970 partnership, firm, joint stock company, cor­ vision of law, beginning with the 1970 pro­ is that under the new committee bill, poration, association, trust, estate, or other gram for wool, feed grains, cotton, wheat, resource adjustment payments-pay­ legal entity, or a State, political subdivision cropland adjustments, and sugar, the total ments for set-aside-are not to be in­ of a State, or any agency thereof and the annual amount of any payments made to any cluded in figuring total payments to term 'payments' shall include price support farm under such programs shall not exceed payments, diversi-on payments, incentive pay­ $20,000, nor shall any payment for any such farmers. Thus, a farmer could actually ments, rental payments, and the value of single program exceed $10,000.' get far more than $112,500 from Uncle both domestic and export wheat marketing "SEc. 2. Section 16a of the Food Stamp Act Sam if he was entitled to the maximum certificates." of 1964, as amended, is amended by striking payment under each of the three pro­ The division vote was 59 in favor-144 the figure '$340,000,000' and inserting in lieu grams and if he set aside land under against. thereof '$440,000,000' and by striking the fig­ each program. April 26, 1966: Amendment offered by Rep­ ure '$170,000,000' and inserting in lieu thereof For this reason, when the full House resentative Paul Findley to the Agricultural '$220,000,000.' considers the new farm bill in the com­ Appropriations Bill for fiscal year 1967 (Con­ "SEc. 3. Section 306(a) (2) of the Agricul­ ing days, I will offer a leak-proof amend­ gressional Record, p. 8962): tural Act of 1961, as amended, is amended by ment which will strictly limit total farm "On page 21, on line 23, strike the period, striking the figure '$50,000,000' and inserting payments to any one farmer to $20,000. and insert a colon and the following: in lieu thereof the figure '$150,000,000'." No leasing or sale of allotments will be "Provided, That none of these funds shall May 26, 1969: Amendment offered by Rep­ permitted, nor will any other subterfuge. be used to make payments exceeding in the resentative SILVIO CoNTE and supported by aggregate $100,000 to any sugar producer." Representative PAUL FINDLEY to the agricul­ It is time for Congress, once and for The amendment was reject ed on a voice tural appropriations bill for fiscal year 1970 all, to put an end to huge payments to vote. (CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, p. 13757): a small number of farmers. The average June 6, 1967: Amendment offered by Rep­ "On page 22, line 17, strike the period and man on the street opposes them. So does resentative Paul Findley to the Agricultural insert t he following: 19918 EXTENSIONS OF REMAK!'-S June 15, 1973

u 'Provided further, That no part of the A teller vote was taken with 214 in favor, or more persons, the payment limitation pre­ funds appropriated by this Act shall be used 198 against. scribed by this section shall apply in the to formulate or carry out any price support June 29, 1972: Amendment offered by Rep­ same manner as if the lessor or seller had not program (other than for sugar) under which resentative Silvio Conte and supported by leased or sold the acreage allotment. payments aggregating more than $20,000 un­ Representative Paul Findley to the agricul­ " ( 5) The Secretary shall issue regul.ations der all such programs are made to any pro­ tural appropriations bill for fiscal year 1973 defining the term 'person' and prescribing ducer on any crops planted in the fiscal year (Congressional Record, p. H 6304): such rules as he determines necessary to as­ 1970.'" "On page 19, line 21, strike the period sure an effective and economical appHcation A teller vote was taken with 112 in favor, and insert the following: of such limitation: Provided, That the pro­ 100 against. "And provided further, That none of the visions of this Act which limit payments to June 9, 1970: Amendment offered by Rep­ funds appropriated by this act shall be used any person shall not be applicable to lands resentative Paul Findley to the Agriculture during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, owned by States, political subdivisions, or Appropriations Bill for fiscal 1971 (Congres­ to formulate or carry out any single 1973 agencies thereof, so long as such lands are sional Record, p. H5289): crop-year price support program (other than farmed primarily in the direct furtherance "On Page 23, line 8, after the word "regu­ for sugar and wool) under which the total of a public function, as determined by the lations", strike the period, add a colon and amount of payments to a person under any Secretary." the following: such urogram would be in excess of $20,000." "Provided further that none of the funds A teller vote was taken with 189 in favor, appropriated by this act shall be used dur­ 192 against. BALTIC NATIONS, THE UNRESOLVED ing the period ending June 30, 1971 to formu­ June 15, 1973: Amendment offered by Rep­ LEGACIES late or carry out a 1971 crop-year program resentative Paul Findley and supported by under which the total amount of payments Representative Silvio Conte to the agricul­ to a person would be in excess of $20,000." tural appropriations bill for fiscal year 1974: The amendment was rejected on a voice "None of the funds provided by this Act HON. ROBERT P. HANRAHAN vote. shall be used to pay the salaries of person­ OF ILLINOIS August 5, 1970: Amendment offered by nel who formulate or carry out: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Representative Paul Findley to the Agricul­ " ( 1) programs, for the 1974 crop year un­ ture Act of 1970 (Congressional Record, p. der which the aggregate payments for the Friday, June 15, 1973 H7761): wheat, feed grains and upland cotton pro­ Mr. HANRAHAN. Mr. Speaker, June "Strike the Committee Amendment be­ grams for price suppm·t, set-aside, diversion ginning on page 1 and insert in lieu thereof and resource adjustment to one person ex­ 15 is a day of sorrow and reflection for the following: ceed $20,000, or Lithuanian-Americans and Lithuanians "TITLE I-PAYMENT LIMITATION "(2) a program effective after December 31, throughout the world. On June 14-16, 1941, the Soviet Union deported thou­ "SEc. 101. Notwithstanding any other pro­ 1973 which sanctions the sale or lease of vision of law- cotton acreage allotments." sand~ of citizens of Estonia, Latvia, and A teller vote was taken with 195 in favor, Lithuania in its endeavor to destroy the "(1) The total amount of payments which 157 against. a person shall be entitled to receive under three Baltic nations which had become Text of amendment to be offered by Repre­ independent after World War I. each of the annual programs established by sentative PAUL FINDLEY to the Agriculture Titles III, IV, V, and VI of this Act for the and Consumer Protection Act of 1973 when The item follows: 1971, 1972 or 1973 crop of the commodity it comes to the fioor of the House of Repre­ BALTIC NATIONS: THE UNRESOLVED LEGACIES shall not exceed $20,000. senta~ti ves: Today, the United States stands on the "(2) The term 'payments' as used in this "Title I is amended to read as follows: threshold of the most meaningful and poten­ section includes price-support payments, set­ "TITLE I-PAYMENT LIMITATION tially rewarding era in the 'history of man­ aside payments, diversion payments, public kind. For the first time in the last fifty years, access payments, and marketing certificates, "SEc. 101. Notwithstanding any other pro­ vision of law- global peace is attainable. However, global but does not include loans or purchases. peace is only the first great objective of our "(3) If the Secretary determines that the "(1) The total amount of payments which a person shall be entitled to receive under nation, we must also seek the attainment total amount of payments which will be of freedom and justice for all oppressed na­ earned by any person under the program in one or more of the annual programs estab­ tions. For even if the countries of the world effect for any crop will be reduced under this lished by titles IV, V, and VI of this Act for the 1974 through 1978 crops of the com­ cease hostilities toward one another, the un­ section, the set-aside acreage for the farm · resolved legacies of the Second World War or farms on which such person will be shar­ modities shall not exceed $20,000. "(2) The term 'payments' as used in this must be confronted; the status of the Baltic ing in payments earned under such program · Nations must be once and for all-equitably shall be reduced to such extent in such · section includes all price support payments, set-aside payments, diversion payments, and resolved. Furthermore, let us not be fooled manner as the Secretary determines will be that world peace can be attained by offering fair and reasonable in relation to the amount resource adjustment payments but does not include loans or purchases, or any part of any the inalienable rights of the people of Lith­ of the payment reduction. uania and the other Baltic Nations upon the " ( 4) The Secretary shall issue regulations payment which is determined by the Sec­ retary to represent compensation for public altar of appeasement. defining the term 'person' and prescribing The Lithuanian people have continuously such rules and further limitations as he de­ access for recreation. "(3) If the Secretary determines that the struggled to reject the oppressive communist termines necessary to assure a fair and rea­ system from Lithuanian soil ever since the sonable application of such limitation and total amount of payments which will be earned by any person under the program in forcible annexation into the Soviet Union on to prevent the circumvention or evasion of effect for any crop will be reduced under this June 15, 1940. such limitation, whether the circumvention section, the set-aside acreage for the farm or The post-war history of Lithuania bears or evasion be attempted by means of the sub­ farms on which such person will be sharing grim testimony to this rejection of forcible division of farms, production allotments or in payments earned under such program incorporation. From 1944 to 1952, anti-Soviet bases thereof through sale or lease, or by shall be reduced to such extent and ln such partisans struggled for freedom against the other means: Provided, That the provisions manner as the Secretary determines will be Soviet military occupation in protracted of this Act which limit payments to any per­ fair and reasonable in relation to the amount guerilla warfare at a cost of over fifty thou­ son shall be applicable to lands owned and of the payment reduction. sand Lithuanian lives. During Stalin's era operated by states, political subdivisions, "(4) (a) In any case in which the owner over one-sixth of the Lithuanian people were or agencies thereof." or operator of a farm leases any portion of deported to Russia and Siberia in an effort A teller vote was taken with 134 in favor- the farm to one or more persons, the pay­ to depopulate and subjugate the Lithuanian 161 against. ment limitation applicable to such person as Nation. To demonstrate the extent of this June 23, 1971: Amendment offered by Rep­ prescribed by this section, shall be reduced depopulation in comparison to the United resentative Silvio Conte and supported by in the same proportion as the allotment re­ States, it would mean the elimination of all Representative Paul Findley to the agricul­ maining on the farm bears to the total allot­ the people from the thirty largest cities in tural appropriations bill for fiscal year 1972 ment prior to such lease: Provided, That the this country. (Congressional Record, p. H 5768): payment limitation shall also be reduced on To this very day, Lithuanians are risking "On page 17, line 2, strike the period and the leased portion of the farm in proportion and sacrificing their lives in defiance of the insert the following: to the allotment accredited to such portion communist regime. The protests of the Lith­ "And provided further, That none of the if the lessee is a member of the lessor's family uanian people against the denial of the right funds appropriated by this act shall be used or is a corporation in which the lessor or of national self-determination, continued re­ during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1972 member of his family is a stockholder, or a ligious and political persecutions, and the to formulate or carry out any single 1972 partnership in which the lessor or a member violation of human rights by the Soviet crop-year price support program (other than of his family is a partner. Union reached tragic heights on May 14, for sugar and wool) under which the total "(b) In any case in which the owner or 1972, when a Lithuanian youth, Romas Ka­ amount of payments to a person under any operator of a farm sells or leases any portion lanta, burned himself in Kaunas as a martyr lt\1~ vro"rR-m would be in excess of $20,000." of the acreage allotment for the farm to one in protest to Soviet oppression. This act trig- June 15, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS - 19919 gered wide-spread demonstrations in the Representatives of the United States urge problem which exists during the summer area and was culminated by two other self­ the President of the United States- months, I, nevertheless, hope that the immolations. Such dramatic events demon­ (a) to direct the attention of world opinion actions of the city of Spokane and the strate that the Lithuanian people have not at the United Nations and at other appro­ acquiesced to the Soviet occupation, but priate international forums and by such dedication of the Youth Employment rather are still striving for freedom and inde­ means as he deems appropriate, to the denial Service of that city will serve as a model pendence. of the rights of self-determination for the for other municipalities across the coun­ The United States has never recognized peoples of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, and try and encourage them to take similar the forceful annexation of Lithuania and (b) to bring the force of world opinion to effective measures. the other Baltic States into the Soviet Union. bear on behalf of the restoration of these This steadfast policy of the United States rights to the Baltic peoples. gives succor to the Lithuanian people and reinforces their determination to await na­ It is my hope that the principles em­ WHAT WAS THE INTENTION OF tional independence while it also discourages bodied in House Concurrent Resolu­ AMERICA'S FOUNDERS? the Soviet policies of Russification and effec­ tion 416 will soon be realized. It must tive absorption of Lithuania, Latvia and not be forgotten that this is of grave Estonia into the Soviet Union. concern to the Baltic peoples as it is to HON. CHARLES W. WHALEN, JR. all free people. Not only must we be­ OF OHIO come aware of the problem, we must cre­ ate some means of implementing a solu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BALTIC STATES FREEDOM DAY tion. Friday, June 15, 1973 Our hearts are with our Baltic friends. Mr. WHALEN. Mr. Speaker, an incisive HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. We sympathize with the hardship and article appeared in the June 14 editions suffering that has for too long been en­ of the Washington Post titled "Water­ OF NEW JERSEY dured. We heartily support their efforts. gate and Democracy," written by Rob­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It is our prayer that the intense courage ert C. Maynard. Friday, June 15, 1973 and conviction exhibited by the Baltic Mr. Maynard's discussion was quite Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, to most peoples will result in a safe journey down stimulating. He rightly points out that Americans June is a quite beautiful freedom's road illuminated by the light we and the press are so taken up by the month. It swells with sweet fresh fra­ of liberty and happiness. daily events emanating from the Water­ grances and summer breezes. Yet in June gate Affair that insufficient attention is while we sample from nature's cornuco­ directed to the broader implications of pia we should pause and for a moment re­ HIRE A KID WEEK the matter. member the tragic plight of the Baltic As a Member of Congress, I was par­ peoples. For it is June 15 that marks ticularly taken by one of Mr. Maynard's the observance of the forcible annexa­ HON. THOMASS. FOLEY observations: tion <>f the Baltic States by the Soviet OF WASHINGTON Given Indochina and the Watergate, it is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES time to take our obligation very seriously Union. Since that day these courageous and begin explaining again to the American people have consistently reaffirrr_ed their Friday, June 15, 1973 people what the founders intended by cre­ determination to become independent. Mr. FOLEY. Mr. Speaker, I have been ating three branches of government. . "We shall overcome" is the resounding informed that the city of Spokane, Just what the Founders intended in sentiment echoed by the brave men who Wash.,- has . proclaimed the week of refuse to let the spirif of independence this respect, it seems to me, either is not and the dream of liberty die. Let it be June 10 through June 16, 1973, as "Hire well understood, has been forgotten or, known that America is listening to the a Kid Week." A copy of the proclamation worst of all, is and has been ignored by anguished cries of those subjugated to follows: too many in government and in our so­ persecution through foreign control. The Whereas, Spokane's school year has drawn ciety. Upited States has always recognized Lat­ to a close; and A review of the Federalist Papers, I Whereas, a record number of young people find, is very instructive in this regard. via, Lithuania, and Estonia as separate between the ages of 14 and 21 will be seeking and sovereign nations. As we may recall, work this summer; and ·James Madison, in the Federalist No. during the 89th Congress, the following Whereas, these young people constitute 47, dated January 30, 1788, assessed: concurrent resolution was unanimously the future of the community and our nation: The particular structure of this govern­ adopted: Now, therefore, I, David H. Rodgers, Mayor ment, and the distribution of this mass of of the City of Spokane in the State of power among its constituent parts. Whereas the subjection of peoples to alien Washington, do hereby proclaim June 10 subjugation, domination, and exploitation through June 16, 1973, as "Hire-a-Kid Week" Madison observed in the treatise: constitutes a denial of fundamental human in Spokane, and commend this occasion to The accumulation of all powers legisla­ rights, is contrary to the Charter of the our citizens. tive, executive and judiciary in the same United Nations, and is an impediment to the In witness whereof, I have hereunto set hands, whether of one, a few or many, and promotion of world peace and cooperation; ·my hand and caused the Seal of the City of whether hereditary, self appointed, or elec­ and Spokane to be affixed this lOth day of June, tive, may justly be pronounced the very defi­ Whereas all peoples have the right of self­ 1973. nition of tyranny. Were the federal con­ determination; by virtue of that right they DAVID H . RODGERS, stitution therefore really chargeable with freely determine their political status and Mayor. this accumulation of power or with a mixture freely pursue their economic, social, cultural, of powers having a dangerous tendency to and religious development; and I believe the city of Spokane and its such an accumulation, no further arguments Whereas the Baltic people of Estonia, mayor, the Honorable David H. Rodgers, would be necessary to inspire a universal Latvia and Lithuania have been forcibly de­ are to be commended for their recogni­ reprobation of the system. prived of these rights by the Government of tion of the need to insure as full em­ the Soviet Union; and Madison later quoted the authority ployment as possible of the area's teen­ Montesquieu: Whereas the Government of the Soviet agers. The proclamation also recognizes Union, through a program of deportations From these facts by -which Montesquieu and resettlement of peoples, continue~ in its the cooperation between the city and its was guided it may clearly be inferred, that effort to change the ethnic character of the teenage citizens, especially the Youth in saying "there can be no liberty where the populations of the Baltic States; and Employment Service and its youth volun­ legislative ahd executive powers are united Whereas it has been the firm and consistent teers who, together, are determined to in the same person, or body of magistrates." policy of the Government of the United seek practical answers to the very real or "if the power of judging be not separated States to support the aspirations of Baltic and critical question of youth employ­ from the legislative and executive powers," peoples for self-determination and national ment. he did not mean that these departments independence; and While it is, unfortunately, too late to ought to have no partial agency in, or no Whereas there exist many historical, cul­ controul over the acts of each other. His tural, and family ties between the peoples of complete the legislative and administra­ meaning, as his own words import, and still the Baltic States and the American people; tive steps required in order that the more conclusively as illustrated by the ex­ be it President may proclaim a national "Hire ample in his eye, can amount to no more Resolved, by the House of Representatives a Kid Week" in time to alleviate the than this, that where the whole power of (the Senate concurring), That the House of particularly serious youth employment one department is exercised by the same 19920 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS , June 15, 1973 bands which possess the whole power of an­ These are some of the incisive I am not just speaking of the woman from other department, the fundamental princi­ thoughts expressed in the Federalist, Sisseton, S.D., who was quoted in this space ples of a free constitution, are subverted. last week, chiding the press for its ..personal This would have been the case in the con­ which is regarded by many as one of the vendetta" against "the presidential choice of stitution examined by him, if the King who three most important documents in our 49 states." I am also thinking of Patrick Bu­ is the sole executive magistrate, had pos­ history, ranking behind the Declaration chanan of the President's staff. He wrote in sessed also the compleat legislative power, or of Independence and the Constitution, The New York Times earlier this week chas­ the supreme administration of justice; or if Mr. Maynard's article promoted me to tising those who called for Mr. Nixon to en­ the entire legislative body, had possessed the look at the Federalist again and I recom­ large his current stewardship of the White supreme judiciary, or the supreme executive mend the same to my colleagues and the House into some sort of government of "na­ authority. The magistrate in whom the whole members of the press as an excellent re­ tional unity." Mr. Buchanan found such sug­ executive power resides cannot of himself gestions distasteful in the extreme: make a law, though he can put a negative minder of what the founders intended. "What they are urging," he suggested, "is on every law, nor administer justice in per­ It is one thing to declare oneself a patriot that the President betray the mandate of son, though he has the appointment of those but another to underst8,nd precisely 1972, that he unilaterally repeal, on their who do administer it. The judges can exer­ what is entailed. behalf, the democratic verdict of the bal­ cise no executive prerogative, though they For the information of my colleagues, lot box ..." are shoots from the executive stock, nor any Mr. Speaker, I insert Mr. Maynard's arti­ There, it seems to me, is where the press legislative function, though they may be cle at this point in the RECORD: might begin its deeper inquiry. Irrespective advised with by the legislative councils. The [From the washington Post, June 14, 1973] of any possible guilt on the part of President entire legislature, can perform no judiciary Nixon, Watergate dramatizes in another act, though by the joint act two of its WATERG.-\TE AND DEMOCRACY form the same imbalance in this society as branches, the judges may be removed from (By Robert C. Maynard) the Indochina tragedy: how powerful should their offices; and though one of its branches For all of the stunning revelations of inde­ the Chief Executive of this country be? The is possessed of the judicial power in the last cency on high, something very important is press has gravitated to the coverage of the resort. The entire legislature again can ex­ missing from my daily diet of news and presidency in a manner that has in times ercise no executive prerogative, though one information. past approached awe. Much of the rest of of its branches constitutes the supreme ex­ As I hear that the President was willing to the society concurs in this way of looking ecutive magistracy; and another, on the em­ place spies in the mailbox and burglars in upon the President as larger than life. peachment of a third, can try and condemn the bedroom, or that in the name of "na­ We need a very clear understanding of all the subordinate officers in the executive tional security" every citizen was a suspect, what has become of the office when men have department." I keep looking for an explanation of the said that they lied, even committed crimes meaning of all this to the contours of what because someone in a credible position to do Madison, in The Federalist No. 48, we have been pleased for nearly 200 years to so could utter the seven simple words, "it is undertook "to show that unless these call a democracy. the wish of the President" that something departments be so far connected and It almost seems E.s ;I we are all too stunned or another be done. blended, as to give each a constitutional to consider it, but that, for me, is at least Arguments abound as to how the presi­ controul over the others, the degree of as timely as the next breathless revelation dency came to be an office of such power separation which the maxim requires as of hush money from the Philippines and per­ that its holder could feel justified in setting jury in the name of "the team." loose a secret police force on the citizenry or essential to a free government, can never bomb Cambodia without a shred of authority in practice, be duly maintained." It is remarkable simply to note that we have arrived at the anniversary of Watergate. having been granted by the other elected In the Federalist No. 49, he observed: It was just one year ago that five men in representatives of the people. But the press As the people are the only legitimate foun­ l'Ubber gloves were foum: in the offices of could help us understand some of the ex­ t ain of power, and it is from them that the the Democratic National Committee. tent of that power so that we can debate in a constitutional charter, under which the sev­ From that night to the present, the press wider arena than ever if that is what we in eral branches of government hold their has treated the affair largely as a police in­ a democracy intend for the presidency to be. power, is derived; it seems strictly consonant vestigative story, which is properly how it The nation was shocked when an attorney to the republican theory, to recur to the same began. Now, I wish to argue, it has become general, Mr. Kleindienst, declared before original authority, not only whenever it may something very different. Now, it seems to Congress that executive privilege could be be necessary to enlarge, diminish, or new­ me, the press and the nation are overdue meant to extend down to the last file clerk. model the powers of government; but also for a deep and continuing inquiry into the Given Indochina and Watergate, it 1s time whenever any one of the departments may implications of these revelations for the to take our obligation very seriously and commit encroachments on the chartered au­ present and future and democracy as we have begin explaining again to the American peo­ thorities of the others. The several depart­ always perceived it. ple what the founders intended by creating ments being perfectly coordinate by the terms Regardless of the extent of wrongdoing three branches of government. of their common commission, neither of that is eventually proved, the press is un­ Another problem flows from the power of them, it is evident, can pretend to an exclu­ der an obligation to go to the next and the presidency. The President defined the sive or superior right of settling the bound­ more difficult level of examining the question problem which led to his decision to illegally aries, between their respective powers; and of what ought to be the proper relationship invade the privacy of citizens as one of "na­ how are the encroachments of the stronger between government and the governed. tional security." It seems to me that it is to be prevented, or the wrongs of the weaker It was argued during the height of the war time to take the question of "security," both to be redressed, without an appeal to the in Indochina that frequently the press was internal and external, from the top. people themselves; who, as the grantors of covering the wrong story. We were covering The special investigation unit the White the commission, can alone declare its true ground action and air support and many of House created was concerned at least in meaning and enforce its observance? our consumers were fairly thirsting for some part with Weatherman and the Black Pan­ persistent inquiry into the questions of what thers. It would be helpful to know how much In the Federalist No. 51, attributed to that war and the excerise of awesome power of a threat to the security of this nation is Madison, but possibly written by Alexan­ were doing to the foundations of American posed by such groups or any other group der Hamilton, we find the familiar and society. Eventually, we in the press came to using extralegal means to protest social con­ eloquent: see that the war abroad was raising large and ditions. The issue it seems to me that Ameri­ ugy welts on the body politic at home. It is oans need to understand among themselves But what is governmen,t itself but the is how we are to work out our relationships greatest of all reflections on human nature? fair to say that we have not come to terms with all of them even now. with each other. If men were angels, no government would The men in the White House chose the be necessary. If angels were to govern men, Watergate reporting can benefit from the route of the wiretap and the mail cover. It neither external nor internal controuls on press experience with the Indochina tragedy. remains a serious question in my mind, a government would be necessary. In framing All of our attention seems riveted on those question that puzzles me with each new a government which is to be administered by hearings and the ancillary revelations, many revelation about this domestic spy operation, men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: of which have caused some commentators to as to whether fear and suspicion ought to You must first enable the government to wonder aloud at "how close we came" to a be the mode by which Americans come to controul the governed; and in the next place, police state in the name of "national secu­ understand their mutual problems and quell oblige it to controul itself. rity." their various fears. Having uncovered the police aspects of the The same question applies to our external And, a little further on: scandal, the press is now obliged, I believe, security. It would be helpful if we could It is of great importance in a republic, not to open up for debate a number of ques­ gain some insight as to the level of the only to guard the society against the oppres­ tions about how we have been doing busi­ threat posed to Americans from other coun­ sion of its rulers; but to guard one part of ness "in the system." It is clear to me that tries in this era of detente with the other the society against the injustice of the other dangerous misconceptions persist in the nuclear powers. part. minds of many Americans. The reason I miss all of these explanations June 15, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19921

in connection with my Water~te reading is The Parks, Recreation and Cultural Af­ for his unparalleled devotion to the citi­ that the issue of security looms large through fairs Administration is renovating 13 addi­ zens and community of Paso Robles. all of this. The question must be posed and tional malls and two small parks in the area the issue balanced out: which was the graver with a half-million-dollar budget. I know my colleagues join me in wish­ ing Mr. Dauth and his wife, Della, best threat to our security, the dangers being STONE WORK PLANNED posed from within and without or the solu­ wishes on his retirement and our sincere The city agency's work is scheduled for appreciation for his dedication in the tions devised within the White House to completion this fall and will include the re­ meet those dangers? If I could add that to moval of existing curbs, sidewalks and as­ pursuit of quality education. my diet, I'd digest the remainder of the phalt pavement. Watergate disclosures more intelligently. New curbs wlll be built along with hexagon blocks and new concrete settings. Benches will be repaired, and some will be replaced. SHERIDAN STUDENTS HEAR U.S. The two small parks rehab111tated by the REPRESENTATIVE CHARLES J. THE GREENING OF BROADWAY city are Dante at 63d Street and Lincoln CARNEY Square Park at 66th Street. The Wildcat Service Corporation, a man­ HON. BELLAS. ABZUG power development agency that employs ex­ HON. CHARLES J. CARNEY OF NEW YORK narcotics addicts, has donated the time of OF OHIO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a work crew to maintain the newly planted parks for four years. The crews, who can be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Friday, June 15, 1973 seen digging and pruning every weekday Friday, June 15, 1973 along the strip, have also assisted the Parks Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, a remark­ Department in preparing the malls for the Mr. CARNEY of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, on able thing is happening to the islands new plant beds. Wednesday, May 30, 1973, I had the in the middle of Broadway, betweeri 6lst The city, according to Mrs. Straka, has pleasure of speaking with about 150 and 113th Streets in Manhattan. They promised to mend the broken iron railings youngsters in the third through sixth are turning green. surrounding each mall but so far has neg­ grades at Sheridan School in Youngs­ Not long ago these malls were un­ lected to do so. Yesterday many of the views town. I was deeply impressed by the sightly, barren patches of dirt. Today, bordering the new landscapes were brown, children's intelligence, honesty, and de­ with a combination of priva.te and public and workmen from the Wildcat service said the bushes had died because residents did not sire for knowledge. They asked me many generosity and a great deal of civic pride curb their dogs. difficult questions about problems facing they are being transformed into islands "Maybe it would help," Mrs. Straka said, the Mahoning Valley and our country. of grass, plants, shrubs and trees. " if the fences were mended." Mr. Speaker, after talking with these What is most exciting, Mr. Speaker, is youngsters I came away with the feel­ that the impetus for this project is truly ing that we need not fear for the future citizen inspired. Block associations and TRIBUTE TO LESTER C. DAUTH of America. When it becomes time for the Broadway Mall Association, which these youngsters to assume the leader­ consists of civic groups, founda.tions, and ship of our great Nation, they will be corporations, have raised funds to restore HON. WILLIAM M. KETCHUM ready. Mr. Speaker, I insert in the REc­ the islands. New York City has assisted OF CALIFORNIA ORD at this time an article Which ap­ with pavement renovations and bench re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES peared in the Youngstown Vindicator, pairs. The Wildcat Service Corp., which Friday, June 15, 1973 along with the "thank you" letters I re­ employs former narcotic addicts in a celved from some-of the Sheridan stu­ most successful public service work pro­ . Mr. KETCHUM. Mr. Speaker,· this dents . gram, has donated the time of a crew to month, Mr. Lester C. Dauth will retire as The article and letters follow: assist in planting and ma-intaining the a member of the board of trustees for (From the Youngstown . (Ohio) Vindicator, islands. both the elementary and high school dis- · · May 31, .1973] The effort to restore the upper Broad­ tricts in my hometown of Paso Robles,· SHERIDAN STUDENTS HEAR U.S. REPRESENTATIVE way malls is pleasing to _the eye and Calif. His departure will punctuate one CHARLES CARNEY stimulating to the mind. Although some of the most progressive eras ever en­ Study hard and develop a strong interest problems remain, the· restorations can Joyed by the Paso Robles school dis- in all levels of government because well-in­ only have a positive affect on the sur­ tricts. . formed youngsters will make well-informed rounding communities and, hopefully on I greatly admire Mr. Dauth as an in­ and responsible citizens, 'U.S. Rep. Charles J. the rest of the city. Perhaps the idea will dividual, as a dedicated citizen, and as a Carney told 3rd to 6th grade students at catch on. personal friend. Men of his stature· and Sherid~n School Wednesday afternoon. I am including an article from the character do not come along every day. ' He pointed out that since boys and girls New York Times describing the greening Mr. Dauth has served on the distric-t now can vote at 18 some of them will be of Broadway: exercising this privilege in about six years school boards for the past 18 years. Dur­ and urged hem to start now preparing them­ UPPER BROADWAY IS A GREENING ing his tenure on the board, the quality selves intellectually for that great responsi- (By Barbara Campbell) of our educational program greatly im­ bility. . One of the largest· block-association efforts proved. There was a marked mcrease .in Carney told the children not to let physical to add splashes of greenery to New York the construction of new buildings and the handicaps stand in their way but to set their is under way on the Upper West Side, where rehabilitation of existing schools. Many sights and work harder .and they can attain a federation of associations has replanted new programs were initiated which are· their goals despite handicaps. 13 Broadway malls between 61st Street and In answer to questions he said that infla­ 113th Street and plans to replant and land­ responsible for enriching and improving tion, price control, international trade and scape 17 more. the education of schoolchildren in Paso Waterga;te are among the biggest problems The islands in the middle of Broadway­ Robles. facing Congress today. . · there are 43 between 61st and 113th Streets­ · A man of tirele~s energy and com­ He also replied to question about pollution were previously bleak and unkempt with munity spirit, Mr. Dauth was involved in on the Mahoning River, Youngstown's in­ scraggly patches of grass, broken iron fences numerous other organizations. He was terest in Milton Dam and Youngstown Mu­ and benches at each end. The rennovated president of the Paso Robles Rotary nicipal Airport and Watergate. malls now have landscaping designed free of Club, a member of the Paso Robles Robert Tr~c~sis, principal of Sheridan, charge by Abel & Bainnson, landscape archi­ welcomed Carney to the school. Tom Shee­ tects, with geraniuttls and yews and other Rotary Club for 22 years, president of han, .a sixth grader, introduced the con­ evergreens. the Paso Robles Trail Riders Association, gressman. The federation of block associations, ac­ member of the Paso Robles Parks and cording to Olga Starka of the Parks Council, Recreation Commission, and a member JUNE 4, 1973. who is coordinating the project, must raise of the Paso Robles Volunteer Fire De­ DEAR CHARLES J. CARNEY: We deeply appre­ half of $1,700 for each planting by button­ partment for 25 years. ciate your visit to Sheridan School. We hope holing members and local merchants. On June 30, 1973, the citizens of Paso you like Sheridan School and we're glad Tom The other half is being raised by the Broad­ Robles will honor Mr. Dauth at an appre­ asked you to come. We could tell by the look way Mall Association, an organization of civic ciation night. I know I speak for every- on other students faces that they enjoyed groups, and through foundations, large cor­ your visit too. Since we are studying govern­ porations and banks. one in our community in thanking Les ment your advice came in handy. We think 19922 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 15, 1973 that even the students that aren't studying my colleagues, the Lithuanian-American dients. He gets along with people, he is a government learned a lot. community and free peoples throughout gifted lawyer, he has been through the polit­ Thank you very much. the world in taking this opportunity to Ical meatgrinder and he is, most important MICHELLE FORTUNATO, of all, candid with the press. (and students of Unit D.) reaffirm our friendship and support for It is something of a phenomenon to find a P.S. I have enclosed letters from other the people of Lithuania, who have never guy in public life who, over more than a qua­ students. accepted the forcefully imposed Soviet ter of a century, never has been accused by rule of their country. reporters of ducking, equivocating, telling DEAR REP. CARNEY, I thought your speech Annexation of Lithuania by the Soviets lies to avoid embarrassment. was good. I'm glad you could come and talk over the past few decades has meant When Wales finds himself in a cui de sac, to us about government. continued religious, cultural and political he is apt to say, "I blew that one because I Thanks for coming. was dumb, that's all." ELANE CICCOTELLI. repression. Yet the courageous people of The son of a state senator he scraped to­ Lithuania maintain a strong will and de­ gether borrowed money to go to college in DEAR MR. CARNEY, I want to thank you for termination to regain their independ­ the Depression of the 1930s (his father had coming to my school. I hope you will be a ence. As we continue our policy of refusal died and the family was broke), Wales be­ Congressman for as long as you live. You gave to recognize the forceful annexation of came a do-it-yourself guy to save money. As a good talk-that means you are a good man. Lithuania and the other Baltic States, let a result, if, on college construction contracts Sincerely, us salute these freedom-loving people in the electricians, say, find themselves being FRANK VSIAH. cross-examined on their work by Wales, it's their struggle for national self-deter­ because he wired his entire colonial-style DEAR MR. CARNEY, Thank you for coming mination. brick home (most of which he built himself) to our school. I enjeyed your talk about gov­ with his own hands. ernment. I understand government more He is a killer on the squash courts, is since you came. HE LOOKED AT FARM AND SAW politically independent (he shocked old-line Sincerely yours, CAMPUS Republican associates by campaigning for his SAM PROSSER. Democratic law partner, Donald Kramer, for mayor), and, to describe his judgment, mar­ SHEERDAN SCHOOL, HON. HOWARD W. ROBISON ried a girl named Alice Allaben who, while Youngstown, Ohio. OF NEW YORK her husband is rewiring his living quarters, nails the shingles on their Cape Cod cottage DEAR REPRESENTATIVE CARNEY: I wrote to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES say thank your four your good talk an govern­ at the top of a shaky ladder. ment and thank you for making the effort Friday, June 15, 1973 The board of trustees of the State Univer­ sity, with Governor Rockefeller's action, has for making a speech a for coming to our Mr. ROBISON of New York. Mr. school. a capable man. A colleague said of Wales yes­ Your truly, Speaker, I was very pleased to note last terday, "He is the closest thing I know to MARcY MEIER. week, that Governor Nelson A. Rocke­ Edgar Couper." feller has appointed one of my constitu­ Couper, a retired member of the New York MAY 30. 1973. ents, Darwin A. Wales, of Binghamton, State Board of Regents, is one of the most DEAR MR. CARNEY: Thank you for coming N.Y., to the board of trustees, of the respected men in Binghamton. and talking to units C and D. You made a State Universi-ty of New York. Darwin good speech and answered the questions Wales is a man of great foresight and beautifully. I hope the children were good energy and will; I am sure, be a great and I hope that you can come again to to FLAG DAY-JUNE 14, 1973 talk to us at Sheridan School. addition the State University opera­ Thank you again. tion. As further evidence of his outstand­ CINDY DURKIN. ing qualifications for the job, I am pleased to include here in the RECORD an HON. ELLA T. GRASSO DEAR REP. CARNEY: We all thank you for article by Tow Cawley, in the June 8 OF CONNECTICUT coming and telling us some very interesting edition of the Binghamton (N.Y.) Press, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES things and I hope you can come back in and I commend it to my colleagues' Thursday, June 14, 1973 your busy schedule. attention: Thank you again. Mrs. GRASSO. Mr. Speaker, it is ap­ JANET DEGENARO. HE LOOKED AT FARM AND SAW CAMPUS (By Tom Cawley) propriate that we pause for a moment MAY 30, 1973. In the 1950s, Darwin R. Wales would drive to remember the resolution passed this DEAR MR. CARNEY: We the people of Unit reporters in his car up Front Street out of day in 1777 by the Continental Con­ D really enjoyed your speech.. It wasn't Binghamton and wave his arm at a sweep of gress: boring like some of the speeches I hear. old hardscrabble farmland along the Chen­ Resolved, That the flag of the thirteen I hope you didn't mind those people who ango River and say, "That's where the campus United States be thirteen stripes, alternate were very rude. is going." red and white: that the union be thirteen I think that your speech will really help This was before the Broome Community stars, white in a blue field, representing a me in Social Studies. College existed. Wales was about to make it new constellation. Thanks again. a life's work. JUDY KANE. "Great," the reporters would say, needling As the number of stars has grown to the young lawyer. "That's just the place to 50, the :flag has continued to stand for DEAR MR. CARNEY: The many people at put a college. On the county pig farm." the fundamental principles of that new Sheridan school would like to thank you for Wales would wince, but he was game. constellation, liberty, and justice for all coming. We thought that the way you an­ "Okay," he'd say. "It's going to be by the people. swered each question was great. We enjoyed county pig sties but it's the only land the The flag is a symbol of the hard­ it very much. county owns around here. But at least we Thank you again. don't have to spend any money for land. fought battles for freedom, of protection SHERRY KOEPPEN. That's where it's going." under the Constitution of the rights and When Wales was appointed Wednesday to privileges of all Americans, of the duty the board of trustees' of the State University of all citizens to speak out for what each of New York by Gov. Nelson A. Rockefeller­ considers right and to help correct under THE 33D ANNIVERSARY OF SOVIET joining one of the most prestigious high ed­ the law what each honestly believes to OCCUPATION OF LITHUANU... ucation policy-making groups in the United be wrong. States-he had been picked because he is an outstanding authority on community col­ The Stars and Stripes have never been HON. GILBERT GUDE leges. the symbol of the beliefs or actions of OF MARYLAND As chairman of the Broome Community any particular group in our democracy. College board of trustees for nearly two dec­ So it is today. The flag is the emblem IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ades, he has fought for his school to improve of our Nation-our heritage, our prin­ Friday, June 15, 1973 it, to expand it, to give it high standing in w£at started out as a post-World Warn ex­ ciples, our goals. It represents the Mr. GUDE. Mr. Speaker, today, periment. He will join the state board of thoughts and ideals, the guarantees of June 15, marks the occasion of the 33d trustees as one of the best qualified experts freedom and the safeguards against anniversary of the occupation of Lithua­ on community colleges. tyranny, which are embodied in the Con­ nia by the Soviet Union. I wish to join Wales' secret is a combi.natlon of ingre- stitution. June 15, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19923 We should on this day rededicate our­ (1) by redesignating clauses 7 through 33, open defiance does not lessen, rather it selves to the preservation of those fun­ inclusive, as clauses 8 through 34, respec­ grows stronger and they become more damental traditions, remembering that tively; and (2) by inserting immediately below clause determined. liberty is neither won nor preserved 6 the folloWing new clause: Their tragic course, and their struggle without great sacrifice. It is up to us to "7. Committee on Energy. is not theirs to bear alone. Every citizen maintain the principles upon which our "(a) All forms of energy and power, from of a free society should feel an akinship forbearers fought a war of independence whatever source or of whatever nature, ex­ to the Lithuanian cause. We who are and created the "new constellation" pended or capable of being expended into privileged to enjoy liberty, owe a great symbolized by our flag. work, including energy released in the course pledge to our oppressed brothers, wher­ of nuclear fission or transformation. (b) The Committee on Energy, acting as a ever they are on the face of the globe. whole or by subcommittee, shall conduct in­ They face possible death or threat of vestigations and studies of the development, imprisonment for their defiant stand COMMITTEE ON ENERGY application, use, and control of all forms of against their oppressors. They deserve energy and power described in paragraph (a) our good faith and our promise of con­ of this clause in order to establish and main­ tinued support. HON. SAM GIBBONS tain on a permanent basis a coordinated OF FLORIDA In the past the United States has program for the development, application, failed to recognize the forcible annexa­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES use, and control, for and in the United States, of all forms of such energy and power. The tion of the Baltic States to the Soviet Friday, June 15, 1973 committee shall report to the House (or to Union and this measure of our support Mr. GIBBONS. Mr. Speaker, today, I the Clerk of the House if the House is not for their struggle must be maintained, am introducing a bill House Resolution in session) the results of each investigation for it must be very heartening to them. 439 which would create a standing Com­ and study, together with such recommenda­ Today we remember a sad time in the mittee on Energy in the House of Rep­ tions as the committee considers advisable. lives and history of the Lithuanian peo­ resentatives. The lessons of the past sev­ "(c) The Committee on Energy, or any ple. Today we stand with our fellow citi­ subcommittee thereof when authorized by zens of the world-in spirit, if not in fact. eral months have taught us that the the committee, may sit and act at such times energy crisis is not just a passing diffi­ and places within the United States, whether culty. We know we are rapidly running the House is in session, has recessed, or has out of fossil fuels. We know that an adjourned, hold such hearings, and require, overwhelming dependance on foreign re­ by subpena or otherWise, the attendance and RED TAKEOVER OF LITHUANIA sources poses serious threats to our eco­ testimony of such witnesses and the produc­ nomy and national security. We know tion of such books, records, correspondence, memorandums, papers, and documents, as it Hon. Yvonne Brathwaite Burke we are going to have to develop new types considers necessary. Subpenas may be issued of enet:gy that won't poison the environ­ over the signature of the chairman of the OF CALIFORNIA ment. And we know that regardless of committee or of any member of the commit­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES how we respond to the urgent need for tee designated by the chairman and may be energy conservation, Americans in future served by any person designated by such Friday, June 15, 1973 years will continue to require larger and chairman or member. The chairman or any Mrs. BURKE of California. Mr. Speak­ It member may administer oaths or affirma­ er, I wish to join with my colleagues in larger amounts of energy, seems obvi­ tions to witnesses. ous to me that we are going to have to " (d) The preceding provisions of this remembering the takeover of Lithuania meet these problems with a comprehen­ clause shall not affect the jurisdiction of any by the Red Army on June 15, 1940, and sive and coordinated energy program, a other standing or select committee of the call attention to the way this relatively program that can relate each problem House or joint committee of Congress, but small, but united country was absorbed and possible solution to the overall the jurisdiction of the Committee on Energy by the Soviet Union in 1940. The aggres­ "energy picture". as provided by this clause shall be for the sion o.f the Soviet Union against Lithu­ As you know, at the present time purpose of establishing and maintaining on ania and the illegal process of annexa­ a permanent basis a coordinated program for energy legislation is scattered among sev­ the development, application, use, and con­ tion has meant that the Lithuanians eral committees and subcommittees trol, for and in the United States, of all forms have been denied the right of self-deter­ whose main concerns are not the energy of energy and power described in paragraph mination, the right to practice the reli­ policy of the United States. My bill would (a) of this clause and, for such purpose, such gion of their choice, and the right to create a permanent legislative commit­ jurisdiction of the Committee on Energy dissent and to emigrate. As an indepen­ tee in the House, specializing in energ:;r, shall cover and be concurrent With the area dent nation for more than 20 years, the that can take a comprehensive view of of jurisdiction of any other such standing, Lithuanian people developed their own select, or joint committee in the field of our situation and give a positive direc­ energy and power.". political, economic, and cultural life, tion to our energy policy. The commit­ (c) Clause 31 of rule XI of the Rules of they were constantly being threatened tee would review all energy legislation the House of Representatives is amended by by the Red Army during this period, and but would not deprive any .existing com­ inserting "the Committee on Energy," im­ on July 12, 1920, a peace treaty between mittee of its jurisdiction. 1n case of an mediately after "the Committee on Appro­ Lithuania and Soviet Russia was signed overlapping of jurisdictions, the Com­ priations,". in which the Soviet Government "recog­ mittee on Energy would have concurrent nizes without reservation the sovereign jurisdiction with any other standing, se­ rights of the Lithuanian state-and vol­ lect or joint committee in the field of SAD TIME FOR LITHUANIAN PEOPLE untarily and for all time a,bandons all the energy and power. I believe that such a sovereign rights of Russia over the Lith­ standing committee is necessary in this uanian people and their territory." Again area which will have a continuing im­ HON. MARIO BIAGGI in 1922, Lithuania became a member of portance as great as that of any other OF NEW YORK the Leacue of Nations and thereby was legislative area. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES recognized as an independent state by At this point I would like to enter the the world. Again the relations with the text of my bill into the RECORD: Friday, June 15, 1973 Soviet Union were normalized by the H. RES. 439 Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, today is the nonaggression treaty of 1926 and the Resolved, That (a) clause 1 of rule X of the anniversary of the forcible annexation convention between Lithuania and the Rules of the House of Representatives is of Lithuania to the Soviet Union. It is a Soviet Union for Definition of Aggres­ amended- sad day in the lives of the Lithuanian sion in 1933. (1) by redesignating paragraphs {g) people. One must recall the tragic history However, the ink on these documents through (u), inclusive, as paragraphs (h) of this brave and noble people. Their was hardly dry when the Soviet Union through (v), respectively; and (2) by inserting immediately below para­ freedoms were taken from them-they began to plot again to subju~· ate the graph (f) the following new paragraph: were forced to be governed by a state Lithuanian people. "(g) Committee on Energy, to consist of they did not want, many were deported Since the time of Soviet takeover, the twenty-five members.". to other countries. The list of abuses Lithuanians have tried to maintain (b) Rule XI of the Rules of the House of against the Lithuanian people grows their own identity and cultural heritage. Representatives is amended- longer each year, yet their courage and But these rights have been very hard to 19924 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 15, 1973 maintain. We who are concerned with contents were demolished. A heap of dead lnJuries were common, but now exceedingly human rights and individual dignity and and dying: the howls of wild animals that rare. By care and attention many accidents had been frightened; the confusion in the can be avoided. freedom join with the brave people of dark, with the cries of dazed men and women, My relations with the L. & N. have been Lithuania in objecting to the takeover made an everlasting impression upon those pleasant and satisfactory and I hope I may by the Soviet Union some 33 years ago who witnessed the scene. live many years longer to serve the Old Re­ and proclaim our support for their self The locomotive was dispatched to Lan­ liable. determination and the right to choose caster for physicians and surgeons. When and practice the religion of their choice. William Bogle, the agent at Lancaster, (who is now in the L&N offices at New Orleans, re­ LEGAL AID FOR THE POOR-A ceived a message to secure doctors he sent CONSERVATIVE PERSPECTIVE Victor Wherritt, one of his clerks, for Dr. THE 1926 CIRCUS TRAIN WRECK Huffman who was the nearest physician. The old doctor sent for me and together we soon HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER started on the locomotive to the scene of the OF WISCONSIN disaster. It was just before dawn when we HON. TIM LEE CARTER backed out of the station. In the east ahead IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF KENTUCKY of us a beautiful comet was visible the tail Friday, June 15, 1973 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of which seemed to reach down to the very tracks. The rising sun and fading comet made Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. Friday, June 15, 1973 a gorgeous and impressive sight. Speaker, as ranking member of the Sub­ Mr. CARTER. Mr. Speaker, with the Just at daylight we reached the scene of committee on Equal Opportunities, Com­ gradual decline of rail travel, railroad the catastrophe and were greeted by a throng mittee on Education and Labor, I have buffs throughout the Nation look back to of sightseers from the surrounding country, received numerous editorials in support the age when railroading was at its some of whom in excited tones informed us of the legal services program. I should that ferocious lions and tigers were roaming like to call my colleagues' attention to height for a wealth of nostalgia. at large in the vicinity; that the wild beasts The romance associated with the rail­ were licking up blood from the injured and a recent item in the State of Columbia, road life has given rise to countless trib­ that in all probability many of the victims S.C., which noted: utes to the rugged individualists who were in danger of being devoured. Great ex­ The corporation should be independent of kept the trains running. In verse and citement prevailed, and we were warned not the government, in part so that it can better song, the exploits of Casey Jones and to cross the railroad bridge but rather to go handle grievances against government agen­ over the turnpike bridge, which we did with­ cies. John Henry are recorded for posterity. The State, which strongly believes in Surely, each of us must harbor at least out argument. In such a predicament persua­ sion was unnecessary. In a few minutes we responsible conservatism, endorses this leg­ one fond memory of the golden days of reached the scene of the disaster in time to islation in the belief that a double standard rail transportation. It is my pleasure to witness the corralling of the lions and tigers of justice (one for the poor and another for share with my colleagues at this time the which were driven at the point of pitchforks those who can afford lawyers) is inconsist­ memories of the late Dr. J. B. Kinnaird into the shattered cages and covered with ent with the U.S. Constitution and patently as appeared in a 1926 volume of the L canvas. unfair as well. and N magazine, here reprinted in the Along the banks of the creek parallel with I insert the editorial, and a resolution April 21, 1973, edition of the Richmond the track were stretched bodies of the dead from the board of directors of the legal Daily Register, Richmond, Ky.: and injured. We found three who had been killed instantly in the crash and about aid service agency of Columbia at this L & N MAGAZINE ARTICLE OF 1926 DESCRIBED twenty more or less seriously injured. Of the point in the RECORD; CIRCUS TRAIN WRECK AT PAINT LICK dead two were employees whose names were [From the Columbia (S.C.) State, May 29, (By J. B. Kinnaird, M.D.) unknown; one was a young man evidently . 1973] EDITOR's NoTE.-W. H. Kinnaird, West Main from Laurel County upon whose body we LEGAL AID FOR THE POOR ESSENTIAL FOR Street, has received from L&N Magazine a found an affectionate note from his "best JUSTICE 1926 article written by his father, the la.i;e girl" urging him to come home to attend An elderly man is about to be evicted from Dr. J. B. Kinnaird. A surgeon at Lancaster, the circus to be shown at London. his hom3. A woman is "in trouble," but her Dr. Kinnaird provided his services when a As soon as we reached the scene I began lover denies paternity. A widow is having circus train wrecked on a rail branch line to make a thorough and complete examina­ trouble getting her social security checks. An near Paint Lick. The surgeon's son offered tion of each case in rotation, keeping a writ­ uneducated person is being taken to the the article to the Daily Register for publica­ ten history nature of the injury and treat­ cleaners by a loan shark. Children are starv­ tion with assurance that L&N Magazine be ment adopted. When I finished my work the ing because an ex-husband fails to make given credit. report containing all necessary data for set­ support payments. (The article by Dr. Kinnaird is entitled tlement was handed the officials, who had If these individuals are poor and unable "My First Experience with the L&N" and fol­ arrived. The injured who were able to travel to afford legal representation, it is highly lows:) were given passes to their various homes from likely that they will be taken advant&ge of. Early in August, 1882, the Sells Brothers all parts of the United States and the seri­ They will not get justice because they can't Circus gave a performance at Richmond, Ky., ously injured were placed in comfortable afford it. and was billed to appear at London on the homes. It was to help people with problems like following day. After the night entertainment During the day several accidents occurred. these that the Legal Services Program was the circus property was soon loaded on an While switching at Paint Lick a man was created by Congress in 1965 under the Office L. & N. train and started on the trip via run over and seriously injured. The crew was of Economic Oportunity (OEO). Lancaster and Rowland to London, for at ordered to run back to Silver Creek about Every alert taxpayer knows that most OEO that time the L. & N. had not been extended two miles and on the way the train collided programs were some of the worst boondoggles from Fort Estill to Livingston. with a special. The engineer being satisfied of all time. The Legal Services Program, A hard pull had brought the train up a with his day's experience and wishing to staffed in places by overly idealistic and ag­ steep grade to Moran's Summit, the highest avoid any further trouble left his locomotive, gressive young lawyers, has come in for its point on the Richmond Branch and the down took to the woods and when next heard from share of criticism, some of it richly deserved. grade to Paint Lick was being covered at a had landed safely in Lexington. I have never When President Nixon set out to dismantle rapid rate when a coupling broke, dividing learned what became of him. OEO and disperse or kill its programs, there the train. In those days there were no patent The destruction of the circus was com­ was concern that Legal Services would go, couplers and no air brakes to control the plete. The electric light plant, an innovation even though Mr. Nixon had given it lip­ speed. With increasing impetuosity the di­ at that time, was so battered as to be wholly service support. vided train tore down the steep grade towards unfit for anything; the expensive gilded band Now, however, the President has carried Paint Lick at a terrific rate. Just before the wagon, ornamented with figures human and through with an earlier commitment to sup­ locomotive reached the bridge that spans divine-gods and goddesses galore-dragons port the continuation of the program. On Paint Lick Creek the engineer discovered that and gargoyles in profusion-was torn into May 1, he recommended to Congress that the train was divided and for an unknown splinters. Some of the many figures may be an independent Legal Services Corporation reason slackened his speed. The inevitable found in homes all over Garrard and Madi­ be created to take over this work, the need impact followed. The sleepers with two or son Counties used as parlor decorations. for which is so apparent to anyone who truly three freight cars remained on the track, but My experience with the L. & N. began that believes in justice at all. the others carrying the greater portion of fateful day. For over forty years I have been Here in Richland and Lexington counties, the property were smashed, derailed and the Local Surgeon at Lancaster and have had the OEO has been funding at fluctuating lev. rolled over a steep embankment to the edge many injuries to treat. Before the install­ els the Legal Aid Service Agency, a non-profit of the creek in the bottom. The cars and ment of the patent coupler and air brakes corporation whose objectives have been sup- June 15, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19925 ported by the bar associations of the two future of the Legal Services Program have HONORABLE JOHN D. DINGELL HON­ counties. created an atmosphere which makes sound ORS AMERICAN LITHUANIANS AND The agency reports that there are over programming of the local level most difficult. 50,000 people in the two counties making The inadequate and fluctuating levels of LITHUANIANS THROUGHOUT THE less than $4,000-all potential clients of the funding provided for legal services also make WORLD agency. Since it began operations in 1967, sound programming and high quality ser­ the agency has handled legal matters, big vice to large numbers of low income people and small, for 13,759 poor clients. impossible. HON. JOHN D. DINGELL Ordinarily, only civil cases are accepted, RESOLUTION OF MICHIGAN particularly in counties, like Richland, which Therefore, we, the Board of Directors of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have public defenders. The agency does han­ the Legal Aid Service Agency submit the fol­ Friday. June 15, 1973 dle juvenile cases and some post-conviction lowing Resolution: cases when there is a question that the ( 1) That the Legal Services Program of the Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I am accused received due process. Office of Economic Opportunity be transfer­ pleased today to rise and honor the anni­ The board of the local agency has passed red to an independent national corporation versary, albeit a sad anniversary, of the a resolution, detailing the difficulties it has as recommended by President Nixon. had keeping a staff due to the uncertainties (2) That the governing board of the cor­ date that the Lithuanian people were of the OEO operation and urging Congress porat ion be composed of individuals who subjected to the forceable takeover and to promptly enact into law the President's have a strong commitment to providing equal annexation by the Soviet Union of Lith­ Legal Services Corporation plan. justice to the poor through furnishing law­ uania which occurred on June 15, 1940. The corporation should be independent yers. I stand with American Lithuanians and of the government, in part so that it can (3) That neither Congress or the National Lithuanians throughout the world to better handle grievances against govern­ Corporation impose any rule which deprives commemorate the continued strong pro­ ment agencies. the poor of the right to bring before the The State, which strongly believes in re­ cou r ts through Legal Services lawyers any test by Lithuanian peoples against the sponsible conservatism, endorses this leg­ legitimate grievance that one or more of suppression by the Soviet Union of free­ islation in the belief that a double standard them may have against any government dom and human rights in Lithuania. of justice (one for the poor and another for .agency because of its failure to obey the con­ Mr. Speaker, I include the attached those who can afford lawyers) is inconsistent st itution or laws of the United States or any resolution from the Detroit Lithuanian with the U.S. Constitution and patently un­ State. Organizations Center, located in South­ fair as well. (4) That a level of funding be provided in gate, Mich., in my remarks today and As respected conservative columnist James accordance with the resolutions of the Ameri­ J. Kilpatrick wrote recently an article can Bar Association which permits adequate that the "Baltic Nations - The Unre­ backing legal services for the poor, " ... if staffing to serve a large client population. solved Legacies" also be included in the we truly believe in equal justice under law, (5) That the President and the Congress CONGRESSIONAL RECORD for the benefit of we (conservatives) ought not be deterred adopt the above recommendations at the my colleagues and the American people. from suporting an effort to make these words earliest possible date but no later than the This report was forwarded to me by the , .. something more than an empty phrase." end of the current fiscal year, June 30, 1973. Lithuanian-American Community of the Respectfully submitted this 15th day of May, 1973. U.S.A., Inc. of Philadelphia, Pa.: RESOLUTION HOOVER C. BLANTON, Esq., RESOLUTION We, the Board of Directors of the Legal Aid Chairrr;an, Board of Directors, Leg.al Aid We, the American Lithuanians of metro­ Service Agency of Columbia, South Caro­ Servzce Agency. politan Detroit, gathered on May 20, 1973 to lina, submit the following resolution: Roy E. GARRIS, Jr., Esq., commemorate a sad anniversary called by STATEMENT OF FACTS Secretary. the Detroit Lithuanian Organizations Cen­ The Legal Aid Service Agency ls a not­ ter. On May 14, 1972 Romas Kalanta burned for-profit Corporation established under himself to death in protest against the sup­ Sout h Carolina Law, governed by a Board pression of freedom and human rights by the of Directors whose membership consists of LITHUANIANS SEEK FREEDOM Soviet forces in Lithuania. His death trig­ l·awyers appointed by the Richland and Lex­ UNDER SOVIET SUBJUGATION gered mass riots and unrest in Kaunas and ington County Bar Associations, elected rep­ Vilnius. Special Russian riot troops cruelly resentatives of the client community and put down these disturbances. A few hundred appointed representatives of educational and young people were imprisoned. Later two social welfare institutions. The Agency be­ HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD other Lithuanians, V. Stenis and K. Andriu­ gan operation in April 1967 as a result of a OF PENNSYLVANIA skevicius, also burned themselves to death in an attempt to call the attention of the free grant from the Office of Economic Oppor­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tunity's Legal Services Program. It has op­ world to the plight of the Lithuanian na­ erated with the support of both Bar Associ­ Friday, June 15, 1973 tion. Now, therefore let it be resolved: ations since its inception. Mr. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania. Mr. The Agency serves the low income people 1. That we express our sincere gratitude of Richland and Lexington Counties. Ac­ Speaker, 33 years ago today the Soviet to the Administration and Congress of the cording to the 1970 U.S. Census more than Union launched a military assault United States of America for the continued 50,000 people in these two (2) counties lived against the sovereign state of Lithuania nonrecognition of the incorporation of Lith­ in families with an income of $3,999 or and forcefully incorporated the freedom­ uania into the Soviet Union. less. Since its 'inception the Agency has loving people of that country into the 2. That we request the President of the served over 13,759 people in providing com­ Communist bloc. This despicable action United States of America to instruct his plete range of legal services from simple ad­ delegation at the European Security Con­ vice to complicated litigation .involving a still stands as one of the most serious ference in Helsinki to demand the restora­ debtor's right to notice and a hearing prior setbacks in the quest for worldwide peace tion of sovereignty and independence to to any attempt to repossess property. and freedom and it is with great sorrow Lithuania. The Agency's ability to serve its clients that we observe its anniversary. 3. That we support the amendment pro­ has been seriously hampered by the fluctuat­ After the Communist takeover in 1940 posed by Senator Henry M. Jackson that the ing levels of federal funding and the uncer­ nearly one-sixth of the Lithuanian popu­ Soviet Union not be granted a most favored tainty over the continued existence of OEO lation was exiled from their homeland nation status until all of her citizens are Legal Services Program. The Agency has a.t and transported to the harsh and cruel given the right to emigrate freely; and various times had from three (3) to ten (10) 4. That copies of this resolution be for­ l awyers and supportive staff. The present environment of Siberia. Still they could warded to the President of the United States funding permits a staff of three (3) lawyers not be subjugated. They refused to give of America, the Senators and Congressmen and a clerk waiting to take the Bar. Turn­ up the struggle against Soviet oppres­ of the State of Michigan. over in experienced staff has occurred due sion. Just last year Lithuanian anti­ to the uncertain future of the Legal· Serv­ Soviets conducted widespread demon­ ices Program; that is, the inability to give strations which were marked, quite tragi­ BALTIC NATIONS-THE UNRESOLVED LEGACIES the staff any assurance that ( 1) there would cally, by the self immolation of three of Today, the United States stands on the be a Legal Services Program and (2) that their most dedicated young countrymen. threshold of the most meaningful and po­ it would be a program which respected the The ardent love of freedom of the tentially reward.ing era in the history of man­ ethical requirements of Disciplinary Rule kind. For the first time in the last fifty years, 2-103 (D) of the Code of Professional Re­ Lithuanian people should be an inspira­ global peace is attainable. However, global sponsibllity. tion to all citizens of the free world. I peace is only the first great objective of our The administrative and political disputes urge my colleagues to join me in saluting nation, we must also seek the attainment of surrounding the dissolution of OEO and the them in their valiant struggle. freedom and justice for all oppressed na- 19926 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 15, 1973 tlons. For even 1f the countries of the world million men, women, and children, who, The United States has never recog­ cease hostilities toward one another, the 40 years ago, died resisting Soviet oppres­ nized the annexation of Lithuania into unresolved legacies of the Second World War sion. the Soviet Union, and we therefore must be confronted; the status of the Baltic The Soviet Union contends that their's champion such a display of patriotism, Nations must be once .~nd for all-equitably resolved. Furthermore, let us not be fooled is a federation of republics freely joined not as a lack of gratitude for our help, that world peace can be attained by offering by a socialist constitution. In truth, the but as an attitude which we as Ameri­ the inalienable rights of the people of Lithu­ Soviet Government presides over a multi­ cans have always held in esteem. The ania and the other Baltic Nations upon the tude of subjugated peoples. Winston Lithuanian people living throughout our altar of appeasement. Churchill's words can be used to describe country are not immigrants, they are The Lithuanian people have continuously these people. Under different circum­ exiles, and it is only fitting that we join struggled to reject the oppressive communist stances, the war time Prime Minister of them in honoring their anniversaries; system from Lithuanian soil ever since the England referred to "shattered states even the ones of sorrow such as we com­ forcible annexation into the Soviet Union on memorate today. June 15, 1940. and bludgeoned races." Lithuania is The post-war history of Lithuania bears among these shattered states. In an effort to give meaning to this grim testimony to this rejection of forcible Lithuania once was an independent magnificent struggle and our observance incorporation. From 1944 to 1952, anti-Soviet nation apart from the Soviet Union. of it, we urge the delegates to the Euro­ partisans struggled for !freedom against the Lithuanians are a people unto themselves pean Security Conference to speak out Soviet military occupation in protracted who deserve to be recognized as such, on our policy of nonrecognition and to guerrilla warfare at a cost of over fifty thou­ by the Soviet Union and by the entire carry out the wishes of Congress by sand Lithuanian lives. During Stalin's era, world. speaking out directly with regard to the over one-sixth of the Lithuanian people were rights of the Lithuanian people. While deported to Russia and Siberia in an effort The United has never formally recog­ to depopulate and subjugate the Lithuanian nized the incorporation of Lithuania into we continue to enjoy the freedom of our Nation. To demonstrate the extent of this de­ the Soviet Union nor have we acquiesced own right to dissent, it is only suitable population in comparison to the United in the subjugation of these people. It is that we lend our aid to those who have States, it would mean the elimination of an hoped that we will maintain that posi­ a cause so just. the people from the thirty largest cities in tion. this country. However, beyond nonrecognition, be­ To this very day, Lithuanians are risking yond refusing to condone what the So­ and sacrificing their lives in definance of the PRICE CONTROLS communist regime. The protests of the viet Union has done, let us join in an ef­ Lithuanian people against the denial of the fort to help restore Lithuanian independ­ right of national self-determination, con­ dence. tinued religious and political persecutions, Accordingly I join in urging the U.S. HON. FRANK M. CLARK and the violation of human rights by the delegates to the European Security Con­ OF PENNSYLVANIA Soviet Union reached tragic heights on ference to raise the question of Lithu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES May 14, 1972, when a Lithuanian youth, anian independence when they meet Friday, June 15, 1973 Romas Kalanta, burned himself in Kaunas again. as a martyr in pro·test to Soviet oppression. Mr. CLARK. Mr. Speaker, in my judg­ This act trigge·red wide-spread demonstra­ ment the reimposition of price controls tions in the area and was culminated by two LITHUANIA'S RIGHT TO FREEDOM for a period of 60 days is little better other self-immolations. Such dramatic than a stopgap measure. Price controls events demonstrate that the Lithuanian peo­ ple have not acquiesced to the Sovie·t occupa­ should never have been removed in the tion, but rather are still striving for freedom HON. JOHN H. DENT first place and while I have supported and independence. OF PENNSYLVANIA the President on a number of issues, this The United States has never recognized the time I think he is engaging in too little forceful annexation of Lithuania and the IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES and too late. other Baltic States into the Soviet Union. Friday, June 15, 1973 The time has come to develop a set of This steadfast policy of the United States Mr. DENT. Mr. Speaker, at this grave economic controls that will protect the gives succor to the Lithuanian people and middle-income wage earner and tax­ reinforces their determination to await na­ moment in our American democracy, we tional independence while it also discourages face perhaps the greatest crisis of na­ payer. Economic controls imposed up to the Soviet policies of Russification and effec­ tional disunity that we have experienced now have protected welfare recipients tive absorption of Lithuania, Latvia andEs­ since the cessation of the War Between through food stamps and built-in cost­ tonia into the Soviet Union. the States, over 100 years ago. We find of-living escalator clauses and have left The 89th U.S. Congress during its second our friends and neighbors sharply criti­ the high-income people continued pro­ session was explicit in its determination to cizing our Government-its leaders and tection through tax writeoffs and other forestall any Russification and absorption o! its policies. And most serious of all, our tax shelters. This has meant the middle­ the Baltic States by the Soviet Union when thoughts are filled with criticisms and income wage earner has borne the burden it adopted House Concurring Resolution 416, of inflation along with the elderly and which urges the President to bring up for complaints over the small irritants in discussion the question of the status of the our daily lives-lack of gasoline, high retired people on fixed incomes. Baltic States in the United Nations and other costs of food supplies, discrepancies in Within the past week I toured several international forums. The European Secu­ wages, and cutbacks in Government supermarkets in the Washington area rity Conference is such an international benefits. and was thoroughly appalled at what the forum. We ask your support in urging the In this national humor, I believe it basic necessities of life now cost, par­ United States delegates to openly state the would be fitting for all of us to think ticularly food. While the price freeze will U.S. policy of non-recognition and raise the upon the peoples of Lithuania and the temporarily halt rising food costs, it will Baltic question directly as Congress has do so at an already too high level. specified. courage which they have displayed through the years; deprived, not only of The administration now has 60 days to simple comforts, but of their entire free produce a workable economic control LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE nation. The patriotism and national program. If what they develop is not unity which these people have displayed designed to offer additional protection both under Communist rule and in exile for middle-income people and those on HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN should be an example to us all. · fixed incomes specifically, I am prepared OF NEW YORK I wonder how we would remember our to offer substitute legislation or amend­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES life in America if we were to be sud­ ments to accomplish this goal. denly thrown into the hands of a hostile I am particularly disturbed, Mr. Friday, June 15, 1973 aggressor. The Lithuanian people have Speaker, that people who have devoted Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, I rise to kept their culture alive not only under 60 or 70 years of their life to make the join my colleagues in recognizing June the threat of fierce attack on their native Unit~d States the great economic ma­ 15, 1973, as a day of reflection upon and soil, but through several generations in chine that it is have been repaid with sorrow for the plight of millions of Lith­ this country where they have been wel­ shrinking pension checks, rising prices uanians-in commemoration of the 7 comed into our communities. and rents and evaporating savings. June 15, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19927 I specifically intend to urge the devel­ Dr. Paul Harding, developer of a maturity farmers and growers turned to mechanized opment of an effective rent control and a standard for citrus fruit. harvesting. Dr. Bill Cooper, who developed a chemical McGregor now works for the Florida Crop most thorough examination of the causes for loosening fruit so it can be mechanically and Livestock Reporting Service which fore­ for soaring food costs. harvested. casts amount other things the citrus produc­ Mr. Speaker, I am a strong believer in Fred Merrill for his application of soil and tion in Florida. the free enterprise-supply and demand water conservation standards to urban situa­ Dr. Paul Harding was honored for develop­ system, but it is time to stand up and be tions. ing a maturity standard for citrus fruit. counted against the gouging of the mid­ Henry Swanson for overall leadership in the Harding, who is retired, developed a standard dle-income people in my district and the extension program for 25 years. based on the sugar and acid ratio in citrus Robert A. McGregor, who developed a moni­ fruit to determine the fruit's maturity. The Nation. toring system for California agricultural system is now used through out the state. production. The fifth member of the elite group, Fred FIVE IN ORANGE HOLD AGRICUL­ Swanson won his award in 1970 for over­ Merrill, is a district soil conservationist with TURE SERVICE AWARDS all leadership in extension programs after the Orange Soil and Water Conservation Dis­ 25 years of service to the USDA. He is now trict. working on the problem of urbanization as it Merrill received the award in Ohio in 1969 HON. BILL GUNTER affects agriculture. As Orange County grows, for his application of soil and water con­ he is trying to assess the impact on agri­ servation techniques to urban situations OF FLORIDA culture, the water supply, pollution, and stopping erosion in subdivisions instead of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES taxes. farm land. Friday, June 15, 1973 Swanson now works in cooperative exten­ Cooper said he believes there is only one sion work in agriculture, home economics, other research worker in Florida who has re­ Mr. GUNTER. Mr. Speaker, I would and with youth groups and was winner of ceived the award, and Swanson said only like to bring to the attention of my col­ the County Agricultural Agents Award in four Florida USDA agents have been recipi­ leagues the good fortune of the people of 1960. ents. Cooper received the award in 1969 for his Orange County, Fla., many of whom are work with a chemical that loosens citrus in my congressional district. We have :five fruit so it can be harvested mechanically. men who have received awards for their Cooper, working with Dilliam Henery and QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS outstanding contributions to agriculture. Dr. Gordon Rasmussen, developed the chemi­ I would like to submit for the REcORD the cal Cycloheximide which is now in semi-com­ following article from the Orlando Senti­ mercial use in Florida. Cooper said the USDA HON. JAMES G. MARTIN now holds a public service patent for the nel of Monday, June 4, 1973, which ex­ OF NORTH CAROLINA plains the contribution these men have method, which is the first of its kind to be used in commercial production. IN THE HOUSE OF' REPRESENTATIVES made: Cooper holds a doctorate in plant physio­ FIVE IN ORANGE HoLD AGRICULTURE SERVICE logy, and has worked in Orange County 13 Friday, June 15, 1973 AWARDS years. Before that, he spent 28 years in Cali­ Mr. MARTIN of North Carolina. Mr. Out of all the counties in the United fornia. All of his work has been in the citrus Speaker, during the month of April of States, Orange has the distinction of having industry, he said. this year, I solicited the opinions of my five members of the United States Depart­ The chemical is mixed 10 parts per million ment of Agriculture Superior Service Award­ of water, and is effective on early and middle constituency in the form of a question­ probably a record for one county. season citrus. It is not effective on late sea­ naire. The results of the responses to Henry F. Swanson, County Extension Di­ son citrus such as Valencias, which are har­ that questionnaire have today been sent rector for the Florida Cooperative Extension vested in April an~ May. to all my constituents in a special re­ Service, said only 700 or so of the medals are McGregor said he received the award in port. I would like to share with my col­ given out each year nationwide. The award 1966 for developing a monitoring system for is the second highest the USDA gives. production after California revised its labor league this special report and do there­ The five award winners, four of whom are laws. Labor problems were resulting in less fore request that the text of this message still active in the USDA, include: output, and the problem was solved after to my di&trict be printed in the RECORD.

QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS

Yes No No answer Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

(A} Amnesty: Should those men who fled the country or took other illegal action to avoid their military service during the Vietnam conflict be given amnesty ----- ______------______------______------______3, 604 17.5 16, 606 80. 4 434 2. 1 (B) Busing: Do you favor a constitutional amendment which would prohibitthe busing of school children to achieve a racial balance_ 16, 106 78.0 4, 299 20. 8 239 1.2 (C) Crime: Do you favor mandatory prison term without probation for conviction of a crime committed with a gun or other lethal weapon ______------16,957 82. 1 3, 318 16.1 369 1.8 (D) Drug cushers: Would you favor a Federal law imposing 5 year mandatory sentences without parole for first offense drug pus ers and life sentences for second convictions •••• ------16, 889 81.8 3, 330 16.1 425 2.1 (E) Energy crisis: Do you think the "energy crisis" is serious enough thatthe Federal Government should help in finding new energy sources ______-----______------______14, 137 68.5 5, 534 26.8 973 4. 7 (F) Federal Government: Do you support the President's efforts to reduce and decentralize the federal government______16, 490 79.9 3, 099 15.0 1, 055 5.1 ------_ 13,490 65.3 6, 372 30.9 782 3. 8 (I) l~poundment: The Pres1dent ~a1d he will.withhold spending of funds Congress has authorized if they would result in tax JOcreases. Do you favor forcJOg the Pres1dent to spend the money as Congress directs ______6, 059 29.4 13,856 67.1 729 3. 5 (J) News sources: Is it your opinion that under all circumstances news reporters should be permitted to keep their sources of information confidential ... -.. ------... ------..... --- .. -.. ------.. ------... ------... ------9, 394 45.5 10,324 50. 0 926 4. 5

Please list the national problems which most concern you: approximate racial balance in the public (1) Inflation/economy ______9, 456 without having to be represented by a small (2) Crime ______8, 475 random sample. schools". (3) Drugs/drug abuse ______4, 436 The Amnesty question was strongly worded The very high percentages favoring man­ to single out Ulegal draft evasion. While this datory, harsh prison sentences for drug push­ m~~~r~g======t ~~~ might have been expected to stimulate re­ ers and crimes committed with lethal weap­ This special report presents the results of sponse on both sides, the actual result was ons indicate a deep public concern in these the opinion questionnaire which I sent in heavily against amnesty, more so than in sev­ areas. Some respondents differentiated be­ April to all constituents in the 9th District. eral national surveys. Pollsters Harris and tween organized hard drug pushers and those 20,644 questionnaires were returned. This Gallup have found that nationally 67 % op­ who are sustaining their habit. The intensity exceptionally high rate of return for this pose amnesty, with the figure being higher, of feeling regarding gun crimes may be a Congressional District is second only to the 72 % in the South. The busing question was factor contributing to the 53% majority fa­ 21,479 responses received by former Congress­ intentionally aimed at sounding out support voring generally stricter gun controls. man Charles R. Jonas in 1970. for an amendment to the Constitution which Support ::oi federal research on new energy A questionnaire is one particularly valid I have introduced. In response to the above­ sources is a ve~y timely finding, particularly way for a Member of Congress to gauge the mentioned 1970 questionnaire, 90% of our considering that most responses were re­ opinions of constituents for it affords every­ District had already opposed "compulsory ceived prior to the summer impact of the one a chance to register his or her attitudes busing if that is required in order to achieve gasoline shortage. This is the legislative area 19928 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 15, 1973 where I am devoting most of my time. The tagon during the past year regarding the suc­ unexpectedly bear fruit. There will be time­ somewhat related question of permitting cess of achieving an all-volunteer army. Evi­ consuming difficulties in reestablishing the highway taxes to be spent for mass transit dence that this staggeringly expensive ven­ draft once it has lapsed-plus the difficulty produced almost as high a percentage of ture is failing is rapidly piling up. of maintaining the viability of Selective Serv­ those in favor, more than two to one. This The failure of the recruiters to meet their ice without induction authority. item also incorporated an element of de­ monthly quota of non-prior service volun­ Sincerely, centralization of government, which received teers has become more dramatic each suc­ MELVIN N. GLANTZ, a better than five to one endorsement in cessive month since last January. For the Colonel, AGC, State Director. question (F), on reduction of the Federal month of April the army made only 40% of Government. the minimum quota set for its recruiters. The need to economize in federal spend­ As of the 21st of May, they had succeeded ing was indicated in another question (I), in enlisting only 1900 while their goal for DEATH OF TED COTT contrasting the impoundment issue of Con­ that date during the month of May was 4200. gressional prerogatives versus the threat of The advocates of the all-volunteer army a tax increase. Less than one out of three have claimed a much better quality soldier would compel spending, given that choice. would be attracted by the new methods. I HON. LESTER L. WOLFF Partially this reflects a concern for the econ­ have suspected for a long time that the op­ OF NEW YORK omy and inflation which ranked highest in posite would be true, and evidence of this is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the "open-ended" question. The closest score now emerging here in Texas which confirms of the questionnaire came on the question of my suspicions to a disturbing degree. For Friday, June 15, 1973 permitting reporters to keep their news months my local board personnel have re­ Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, it is my sad sources confidential under all circumstances. ported to me that many men, already found duty today to speak to the House briefly On the open-ended final question asking unfit for serivce during a pre-induction phy­ for three greatest national concerns, . our sical examination, were being enlisted as about a great gentleman, great profes­ things stand out: (1) In the aftermath of volunteers. It should be pointed out that sional, and a wonderful friend, Ted Cott, the Vietnam settlement, foreign policy ques­ these men were disqualified at the same who passed away suddenly on Wednes­ tions were no longer dominant; they had examining stations used for volunteers and day evening in New York. I was privi­ nearly disappeared; (2) Primary concern by under the same uniform standards estab­ leged to know Ted for many years, and I far was focused on "pocketbool~" issues, and lished for all by the armed forces for accept­ can only say that he was as creative an on crime and drug abuse; (3) Concern over ability for service. I recently had a survey individual as one could ever hope to housing registered a high level of emotion; made of all the boards in Texas to determine know. He served as president of the Na­ (4) The "Energy Crisis" was just beginning how many there were of such cases and di­ to be perceived, with 745 responses (3.6%). rected that the files of such men be sent tional Academy of Television Arts and Environmental concerns were noted in 986 to my headquarters for examination. To date Sciences, but that was only one of the responses ( 4.8% ) . we have uncovered 868 cases of men enlisted many ways he contributed to our na­ since last October who had been previously tionallife. disqualified for physical, mental or moral Many of my colleagues will be famil­ reasons (4-F). There are signs this is hap­ iar with Ted directly, but others would VOLUNTEER ARMY VERSUS THE pening all over the country. know him through his activities. As an The Department of Defense announces that originator of the David Susskind show, DRAFT standards will have to be reduced to achieve an all-volunteer force, while at the same time with its unique television format, he HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE announces the intentions to hire civilians to gained tremendous respect throughout handle some of the sophisticated jobs the communications field. He was an in­ OF TEXAS manned in the past by the Military. On the novator .and an explorer in all areas of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES other hand, civilians are also hired to per­ television and radio communications. Friday, June 15, 1973 form such time-honored Military tasks as Many of the Members of this House ap­ KP because these jobs are too menial for peared on "Ask Congress," a television Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, the volunteer soldiers. What a paradox. Just program for which Ted Cott and I some months ago I had the opportunity what kind of people are we becoming when to visit at some length, the U.S.S.R. One we are willing to attempt to buy the services helped to create. This TV show, which of the many observations I made was the of the unfit and disadvantaged of this nation we tape here in the House of Represent­ to man its defenses? I say it is not only atives, brought the views and ideas of fact that there were a great many men morally wrong but it is downright dangerous. many Members of Congress to viewers in in uniform, all of whom impressed me as The draft has never been popular-and it 22 cities. being topnotch individuals. There ap­ never will be. It is, however, the most prac­ I was privileged to know Ted Cott well, peared to be a great esprit de corps and tical and equitable way to raise manpower a pride in uniform. When you compare when large Military forces are maintained in and I know that the communications this to what we are experiencing to some a nation of people not oriented to seek Mili­ industry has lost one of its brighter extent in this country today it gives cause tary service. Contrary to what the opponents lights. His was a directness and honesty for alarm. of the draft say, it is one of the best exam­ that enriched the lives of millions of peo­ The other day I received a letter from ples of democracy in action meeting a most ple who never knew him. difficult responsibility by assuring that our At this point in the RECORD, I would the State director of Selective Service in Military forces are representative of our so­ the State of Texas which further in­ like to insert the obituary that appeared ciety as a whole. .tn the New York Times: creases my concern for what is happen­ The draft does not prevent a single vol­ ing in our country so far as our military unteer from enlisting. For more than twenty TEn COTT Is DEAD-TV PRODUCER, 55-Ex­ years draft calls have been levied to fill the NBC GENERAL MANAGER WAS A RADIO IN­ is concerned. The experience in Texas NOVATOR is probably not unique and I would urge difference between the needs of the armed forces and the success of recuriters to find Ted Cott, who was responsible for many that every Member give some considera­ volunteers. During this entire period there innovations in radio and television in his tion to the contents of this letter and was always a remarkable correlation between years as a broadcaster and producer, died query his own State director for the the size of draft calls and the success of Tuesday at St. Clare's Hospital, apparently facts: recruiters. of a heart attack. He was 55 years old and MAY 31, 1973. The proposed Selective Service budget for lived at 70 East 77th Street. Hon. OLIN E. TEAGUE, FY 74 is fifty-five million dollars-a cut of At his death, Mr. Cott was a media con­ House of Representatives, twenty-three million. This is less than 2% of sultant to several companies and was active Washington, D.C. the costs associated with efforts to achieve as a television producer. DEAR MR. TEAGUE: Draft calls were sus­ an all-volunteer force. Congress should pause In 1950, he was named general manager pended at the end of last January and the before it permits the emasculation of the of the National Broadcasting Company's authority to induct will expire completely agency which has proved to be so successful local radio and television stations here. on June 30th. At the present time I am in helping meet the manpower requirements Two years later he became vice president being required to carry out a major reduc­ of both the active and reserve components of National Tele:fllm Associates, which op­ tion-in-force and dismantling of the vital of the armed forces. erates WNTA-TV in New Jersey. One of his elements of the draft machinery in Texas. This is an earnest plea to use your con­ accomplishments there, in 1960, was the (Reference my letter dated March 14, 1973.) siderable influence in behalf of extending production of Eugene O'Neill's "The Iceman This is being carried out before the success t he induction authority, unpopular though Cometh." of the all-volunteer army is assured. it ma.y be. It will not cost anything to keep There had been some fear that viewers There have been all kinds of optim ist!~ it on the books, nor will one man have to be would protest O'Neill's salty language in his comments and forecasts made from the Pen- inducted if t he all-volunteer effort should portrayal of down-and-outers in a. water- June 15, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19929 front bar, but of 93 calls by viewers, only peace-loving Lithuania. Lithuania lies in only possible remedy" for denial of the three were complaints. Moscow's grip to this day. Mr. Cott began as a radio announcer at constitutional right to a speedy trial. the age of 16 in 1934, and his first job of I pay tribute to the courageous Lithu­ Mr. Speaker, I urge the Congress to consequence was at WNYC, the city's station. anian people who have opposed the op­ give its prompt attention to passage of He had the title of dramatic director. pressive Communist system ever since the speedy trial legislation which I intro­ JOINED WNEW IN 1943 their forcible annexation into the Soviet duced earlier this year, H.R. 4807. The city's salary scale for radio announcers Union. History tells of the long struggle was $1 ,800 a year, and Mr. Cott left for of patriots against Kremlin subjugation. WNEW in 1943, after nine years with the city, The spirit of Lithuanian independence when the Municipal Civil Service Commis­ and nationhood lives on. BOB PHINNEY ENDS DISTINGUISHED sion pronounced him unqualified for the job. The United States has never recog­ CAREER OF PUBLIC SERVICE The city had spent $10,000 and two years nized the forceful incorporation of Lith­ on its examination of qualifications. It also uania and the other Baltic States into .discharged the announcer Tony Marvin. Mr. Cott's new job meant an increase of $140 a the Soviet Union. Our steadfastness in HON. J. J. PICKLE week. Mr. Marvin went on to the "Major this policy amidst improvement in other OF TEXAS .Bowes Amateur Hour" at $18,000 a year, 10 American relationships with the Soviet IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Union has been a measure of our devo­ times his WNYC pay. Friday, June 15, 1973 One of his innovations, as program director _tion to the cause of freedom. of WNEW, was a discussion of radio entitled Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, in the an­ "Report to the Listeners." Mr. Cott who had nals of public service, few names ever been a radio critic for The New Republic, will be more synonymous with dedica­ not only "reported to the listeners" on how SPEEDY TRIALS .a station prepares programs and how it tion, honesty and hard-working integrity selects its material but also gave the listeners than Robert L. Phinney. a voice, by having their let ters read on the HON. \VILLIAM J. KEATING Bob Phinney retires this month after air. serving 21 years as district director of the Another innovation, in 1950-he was then OF OHIO Austin, Tex., Internal Revenue Service manager of WNEW-was the presentation of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES district. Leopold Stokowski as host of a four-week Friday, June 15, 1973 In over two decades his name elicited series on the music of Bach. only the highest praise and respect from · The formula was essentially similar to to­ Mr. KEATING. Mr. Speaker, in a land­ day's, except that William B. Williams has mark decision, the U.S. Supreme Court all who knew and worked with him. Sel­ replaced Mr. Stokowski as the disk jockey, dom has a man been more honest, more has handed down a ruling ~hat criminal fair, day after day . .and the musical fare is lighter. defendants who are denied speedy trials Mr. Cott also put on a series with Carl The area of Austin, the State of Texas, Sandburg, the poet and biographer of Lin­ must have the charge against them dis­ and this Nation become the losers when coln. The program featured folk music, with missed. he steps down this month. Mr. Sandburg playing a guitar, singing and During the 93d Congress, several bills His reputation was not built in a day .commenting in his own way on the Ameri­ have been introduced in both the House nor solely during his stay at the IRS. Per­ ,can musical heritage. and Senate to provide for speedier trials. ·mit me, Mr. Speaker, to make a per­ OPPORTUNITY FOR SUSSKIND My own bill, which was introduced on sonal observation. Mr. Cott also gave David Susskind, his ;January 3 of this year with 12 cospon­ · It was my privilege to become asso­ ·cousin· and a producer in his own right, a sors, would provide both State and Fed­ ciated with Bob Phinney just after World chance to expound on the air instead of at a eral judicial systems with the means women's club. War II, when we both volunteered our necessary to assure prompt disposition of time to help then Congressman Lyndon Here again there was an innovation: The criminal cases. program did not have a fixed termination THAD COCHRAN IMPEACHMENT uanian independence. The U.S. Govern­ OF MISSISSIPPI (By I. F. Stone) ment never has recognized the forced in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES corporation of the Baltic States into the X U.S.S.R. and has continued to treat Friday, June 15, 1973 The Federalist Papers explained that the Lithuania as a sovereign nation. As a new Ce>nstitution a.llowed for an exception Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Speaker, I am to the dootrine of sepa:mtlon of powers. It people, we recognize the right of all peo­ pleased to announce today my cospon­ provided for "a partial intermixture" in cer­ ple to choose their own form of govern­ sorship of two bills that will better pro­ tain special cases. This was defended as ment. vide education and health benefits to our "necessary to the mutual defense .of the Since 1940, Lithuanians have con­ veterans. several members of the government against tinued to resist the Communist regime. H.R. 2254 will remove the time limita­ each other." So the President was given Last year, three citizens burned them­ tion under which an eligible veteran may a veto over the legisl81ture and the Congress the judicial power of impeachment as "an selves to death to protest Soviet domina­ exercise his educational benefits. A great essential check ••. upon the encroach­ tion. On this tragic anniversary, I join many of our veterans are unable to exer­ ments of the executive." Impeachment was with all Lithuanians and Americans in cise these benefits immediately upon re­ to be a "method of National Inquest into honoring this heroic struggle for free­ turning from their service to our Na­ the conduct of public men," a way to try dom, and to reaffirm the ideal of self­ tion. This measure will encourage these "the abuse or violation of some public determination for all the Captive Na­ deserving Americans to upgrade their trust." 1 tions. job skills which in many cases have be­ There are two reasons for seriously con­ sidering the impeachment of Richard Nixon. come outdated during their tenure in One 1s that this may prove the only kind the military. of legal proceeding in which the President's ANNEXATION BY FORCE Many of our veterans are becoming complicity in the unfolddng Wat ergate and more and more aware that the unem­ related scandals may be fully and fairly de­ HON. CHARLES W. WHALEN, JR. ployment statistics are highest among termined. The other is that only so grave a those who are least skilled. This bill will step may de.ter a future President fil"om the OF OHIO give many veterans a second chance for abuses charged against the Nixon White IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a decent job and a decent life. House. Presidential power has grown so The second bill I am cosponsoring will enormously, especially since the Korean War Friday, June 15, 1973 in 1950, and the temptations this offers an Mr. WHALEN. Mr. Speaker, I rise on help to alleviate a different, but no less incumbent and his associates are now so this occasion to note that today is the deserving, problem common to a group of great_ that impeachment and removal firom 33d anniversary of the annexation by veterans who have paid a very high price office if convicted may be the only constitu­ force of Lithuania by the Union of Soviet in the service of their country. I am tional sanction to stem the trend toward Socialist Republics. referring to the veteran who has 100- Caesarism in the White House. And Caesar­ Although the Russians brazenly con­ percent disability. ism, Gibbon may remind us, was the estab­ H.R. 8071 provides that veterans in lishment of one-man rule without outward tend that Lithuania is one of the Soviet d isturbance to the constitutional forms of Socialist Republics, events since June 15, this category will be able to receive emer­ the old Republic. 1940, consistently demonstrate how false gency treatment at non-Veterans' Ad­ The first reason for collSiidering trial by that assertion is. The active efforts of ministration hospitals at Government ex­ impeachment rurises from the difficult y of Lithuanian partisans from 1944 to 1952 pense in cases where travel to a VA facil­ ensu ring a President's appearance as a wit­ hardly represent any love for the Soviets. ity would endanger life. ness in any ordinary court of law, much less before a grand jury. Even as the special The periodic uprisings within Lithuania I feel that these Americans deserve prosecutor Cox takes over, there are already during the last 20 years are a constant this consideration, and I trust my col­ half a dozen criminal proceedings under way reminder that while suppression con­ leagues in the House will support both at different stages in various parts of the tinues, acceptance does not, has not, and of these measures to assist this most will not. deserving group. Footnotes at end of article. CXIX--1258-Part 16 19932 E.XTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 15, 1973 country, as outgrowths of Watergate and the privilege." The footnote seems to imply that poena may issue for him [the President],'' related affair of the Pentagon Papers. The even the President has no such privilege for Alexander MacRae of the government's staff President, if he were a private person, would it says, admitted, "as against any other man." But normally be sought as a witness in several In US v. Burr, 25 F. Cas. 30, 34 (Cir. Ct. he argued that the President was not bound or all of them; they take on more and more D. Va. 1807) (No. 14,692d), Chief Justice to disclose "confidential communications." '1 the aspect of a fa-r-flung conspiracy; the fila­ Marshall, sitting on Circuit, opined that in The prosecutors of Burr agreed on two occa­ ments lead unquestionably into the White proper circumstances, a subpoena could be sions that the President was subject to a House, and to the Oval Office door. It may issued to the President of the United States.4 general subpoena, i.e., an order to appear not be possible to arrive at a judgment of The Burr trial in 1807 was the only occa­ and to testify. But they insisted that he was Nixon's responsibility wit hout a chance to sion on which a subpoena to a President was not subject to a subpoena duces tecum, i.e., question him under oath, either as a witness ever issued. Chief Justice Marshall's opinion an order not only to appear but to bring with or by interro~tories. Indeed it is possible in that case-where he presided over the trial him documents he considered confidential. that some indicated officials may go free when on circuit, as Supreme Court justices did in Marshall ruled to the contrary. The real tried for lack of residential testimony or be­ those days-is the only "law" bearing directly obstacle he confronted was not in the realm cause the White House, on the blanket and precisely on the question. Aaron Burr of constitutional theory but in that of power. ground of national security, has withheld was on trial for treason. A scant few months What was the Chief Justice to do if the documents subpoenaed in their defense. earlier the President of the United States, President declined to obey? Have federal · As this is being written the White House Thomas Jefferson, in a special message to marshals arrest the President for contempt? bas burst into fury because an unnamed Congress had declared Burr's guilt "placed Put him in jail until he agreed to testify? "Justice Department source" and "another beyond question." This message was based Both Marshall and Jefferson backed away knowledgeable source" dared to say aloud to on a letter to Jefferson from a most unsavory from a confrontation. In this, as in other in­ the Washington Post 2 what is obvious to character, General James Wilkinson,o who stances, Marshall was careful not to push anyone following the news at all: first, that had turned informer. Burr's lawyers asked assertions of judicial power so far as to un­ "there is an evidentiary pattern" which raises that the President and the letter be subpoe­ dermine the principles he was trying to estab­ questions about the President's role in the naed. lish. For his part, Jefferson was not anxious whole affair, and second, that "the President It is hard to imagine circumstances that publicly to put himself in a position where should be given an opportunity to explain could more overwhelmingly justify a sub­ he would be flouting his own democratic himself." poena. Jefferson and Burr were old party principles; in this case, in putting the Pres­ The Post reported that the prosecutors rivals and bitter enemies; a tie vote between idency above the law. Marshall issued the have therefore told the Justice Department them in the electoral college in 1800 threw subpoena duces tecum but it was never there is justification for calling the President the election into the House of Representa­ served on Jefferson.8 Even had it been served, before the Watergate grand jury, but they tives and almost cost Jefferson the Presi­ Marshall's opinion left Jefferson a face-sav­ are baffled about how and whether they can dency. To declare Burr guilty in advance of ing way out. The loophole was pointed out by do it. Next day Ziegler said that Mr. Nixon trial was a gross abuse of power. The Presi­ the late Supreme Court Justice Burton, in an would answer the questions of the prosecu­ dent, according to Leonard W. Levy's Jeffer­ essay on Marshall's conduct at the trial of tion neither orally nor in writing. This son and Civil Liberties: The Darker Side (Bel­ Burr.o "The Chief Justice,'' he wrote, "stated seems to bar not only submission to a sub­ knap Press, Harvard, 1963), "acted himself as that, while this [the issuance of the sub­ poena but a voluntary appearance, or even a prosecutor, superintending the gathering poena at the request of the defense] was voluntary .deposition. When asked why, Zieg­ of evidence, locating witnesses, taking depo­ the court's inescapable duty, it remained for ler said it would be "constitutionally inap­ sitions, directing trial tactics, and shaping the President to indicate in the return propriate." This seems' to make impeachment public opinions as if judge and juror for the whether his executive duties would consti­ the only way to get at the tru~h. nation." There is ample evidence for that tute a sufficient reason for not obeying it." There is nothing in the Constitution, in harsh verdict. · Jefferson for his part was prepared to use the debates on its fl'aming and ratification, The trial of Burr was not only a struggle just such a loophole. Before receiving Mar­ or in its exposition in the Federalist P·apers, between him and Jefferson, but between Jeff­ shall's decision on the subpoena, Jefferson that puts the President above the law, nor is erson and Marshall, the radical Democrat and pointed out in a letter to Burr's prosecutor · there anything· that says ·that serving him the conservative Federalist. The Chief Jus­ with a subpoena would be "constitutionally that Burr was the central figure in an al­ tloe, in deciding that a "subpoena duces inapp.ropriate" or that exempts him in any leged conspiracy. Other trials linked with way from normal legal processes. There is . tecum" could be issued-requiring Jefferson Burr's were being held "in St. Louis and · much that suggests otherwise. The Framers to appear with documents-based his reason­ other places on the western waters." To of the Constitution encountered a widespread ing on a principle which had been dear to comply with calls for personal appearance fear that the President might become a king; the Jeffersonian Democrats. It was they who at these various trials "would leave the na­ the impeachment power was intended to always insisted that the President was. no tion without an executive branch,'' while the king, and had constantly accused the Feder­ executive "is so constantly necessary, that block the way. In Engl!'l-~d _it could be used only against the King's ministers, never the a~ists of trying to make him an uncrowned it is the sole branch which the Constitution King; here its chief object was the President monarch. In the unsucc·essful impeachment requires to be always in function." Jefferson himself. of Supreme Court Justice Chase in 1804-1805 said the Constitution "could not then mean The Federalist Papers said that while in · for his intemperate conduct in the Alien and that it [the executive] should be withdrawn England the King "is unaccountable for his Sedition Law cases in 1798-1800, one of their from its station by any coordinate author­ administration, and his person sa.cred,'' the complaints was his refusal to subpoena Presi­ ity." But he did offer to give testimony by American President would be in no such un­ dent John Adams in the trial of Jefferson's deposition, an offer which was never taken touchable category. They explained that a friend, Thomas Cooper, for sedUlous libel. up by the defense. single instead of a plural executive was de­ It had always been the Federalists who In a second letter to the prosecutor two cided upon in order to make the Executive argued that the President was answerable days later, after seeing Marshall's opinion, more accountable to public opinion and to to no judicial process but impeachment. Now Jefferson took a stronger line, though only make it easier to determine misconduct in in the Burr trial Chief Justice Marshall ruled in this private letter and not in a public order to remove him from office or to im­ that the law of evidence, i.e., the law as it declaration to the court. "The leading prin­ pose "actual punishment in cases which ad­ was developed in ·the mother country, allowed ciple" of the Constitution, he insisted, was mit of it." 3 for only one exception to the persons who the independence from. each other of the But short of impeachment, can the Presi­ might be summoned for the defense in crimi­ three branches of government. "But would dent be compelled to appear in a court of law nal trials, and that was the King. "It is a the executive be independent of ~he judi­ for misconduct in or out of office, or to testify principle of the English constitution," he ciary," he went on, "if he were subject to the in regard to the misconduct of his aides? This said, "that the King can do no wrong," and commands [italics in original] of the latter, old constitutional controversy was freshly "although he may, perhaps, give testimony, and to imprisonment for disobedience; if the ventilated by a footnote to the Supreme it is said to be incompatible with his dignity several courts could band ·him from pillar Court's decision in the Earl Caldwell case last to appear under the process of the court." to post, keep him constt.ntly trudging from year. That footnote is being cited by lawyers But the Chief Justice said one of the differ­ north to south and east to west, and with­ who think the President can be made subject ences between a president and a king was draw him entirely from his constitutional that the former "may be impe·ached, and duties?" This was hyperbole of Nixonian pro­ to court proceedings and that the impeach­ portions. Marshall was certainly not trying ment process is not necessary to get at the may be removed from office on high crimes whole truth of all the dubious activities and misdemeanors." He also said the first to "band him from pillar to post.•' which come under the general heading of magistrate of the Union was no different, in Jefferson indicated that he was prepared "Watergate." so far as judicial process is concerned, from to resist a subpoena for his personal appear­ the chief magistrates of the States under ance by force, and that the Constitution had The footnote is in Mr. Justice White's opin­ the Articles of Confederation, and they were given him more force than the Chief Justice ion for the court. It is appended to his re­ all subject to subpoena.a with this very purpose in mind! "The inten­ iteration of the "long standing principle that This was good Jeffersonian doctrine and no tion of the Constitution," as Jefferson put it, 'the public has a right to every man's evi­ doubt explains why counsel for the govern­ in stately but fallacious language, "that each dence,' except for those persons protected ment at least twice admitted this during the branch should be independent of the others, by a constitutional, common law or statutory trials-for there were actually two trials of is further manifested by the means it has Burr, one for treason and t~en, after his ac­ furnished to each, t-O protect itself from Footnotes at end of article. quittal, another for misdemeanor. "A sub- enterprises of force attempted on them by June 15, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19933 the others, and to none has it given more letter were in fact privileged. It insisted only searches-drawn upon here-were published effectual or diversified means than to the that the portions so adjudged should be in "Executive Privilege v. Congressional In­ executive." 10 Jefferson had an army and withheld from the defendant." More will be quiry," UCLA Law Review, vol. 12, No. 5, Au­ navy, the Chief Justic" only a handful of heard of this argument in the Burr case as gust, 1965. The memo is quoted on pp. 1109- marshals. The corollary would be that the similar issues arise in the trial of the Water­ 1110. President could override the Supreme Court gate cases. u Ibid., pp. 1107-1108. The italics seem to because he had more battalions than the The issue in the Burr trials was compli­ be Berger's. Chief Justice. This was on a par with Jeffer­ cated because the defense objected, as Berg­ 15 Ibid., p. 1108. son's conduct generally in the Burr case, er relates, "that the court could not judge 16 Beveridge's surmise in his biography of which remains a blemish on his libertarian whether the confidential portions were rele­ Marshall, vol. 3, p. 522, based on a reference record. ' vant to the defense until that defense was in a letter by Jefferson to the prosecutor. But after all these bold, though private, fully disclosed, and that defendants were not 17 This, the most elusive fact amid all the affirmations of defiant power, Jefferson required to make such disclosure until they complexities which bedevilled me in prepar­ hedged by supplying the desired document had put in their case." 1G The issue was never ing this article, I finally pinned down on p. to the prosecutor. The prosecutor-to quote resolved. Though Marshall issued at least one 520, vol. 3 of Beveridge's Marshall. Beveridge Mr. Justice Burton's account again-"later subpoena to Jefferson, and perhaps a sec­ gives as his authority David Robertson announced that he had the requested letter ond,l6 neither was a-ctually served on the (Trials of Aaron Burr, vol. 2, pp. 513-514), in his possession and was ready to produce President and he succeeded in avoiding an the reporter who covered Burr's trials and it." The submission of the letter by the Pres­ appearance. As for the Wilkinson letter to who published his account in 1808. I was un­ ident was thus voluntary-in form at least. Jefferson, it was never introduced into evi­ able to locate a copy. But with it Jefferson made sweeping claims of dence, though Jefferson-as we have seen­ 16 Beveridge's Marshall, vol. 3, p. 522. executive privilege which Nixon can also use. supplied a copy to the prosecutor. A subpoena "All nations," Jefferson wrote the prosecutor, duces tecum was finally served on Hay.17 But forgetting that most of the nations he re­ for some reason the defense never pressed ferred to were hardly models of freedom for the issue to a conclusion.18 The battle ended our young Republic, ··nave found it neces­ in a draw; Marshall laid down the law, but LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE sary for the advantageous conduct of their was unable to enforce it against a recalci­ affairs, [that] some of these executive pro­ trant President. That has been the pattern ceedings, at least, should remain known to ever since. HON. WILLIAM H. HUDNUT III their executive functionary only. He, of What history shows is that any President course, from the nature of his case, must be who chooses to defy a subpoena, as Nixon OF INDIANA the sole judge of which of them the public has said he will, can get away with it, though IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES interests will permit publication." n Such was the defiance may bring dismissals in crimi­ Friday, June 15, 1973 the heady effect of the presidency even on nal cases and lost verdicts by default in civil Jefferson when he set out to wreak vengeance cases. But the President himself can go soot Mr. HUDNUT. Mr. Speaker, today on a hated rival. free. That leaves only impeachment. Even marks the 33d anniversary of the force­ But the battle between Jefferson and on impeachment a President cannot be com­ ful annexation of the peace-loving peo­ Marshall was like one of those bouts in which pelled to testify before the Senate when the ple of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia by the antagonists make the most devasta-ting charges against him are tried, or even to the Soviet Union. Yet the brave people fa-ces at each other, emitting blood-curdling answer by deposition if he chooses not to. screams, yet somehow never come to blows. But not to answer those charges would be to of the Baltic States have never lost their Jefferson's sweeping assertions of executive abandon a full defense and make his acquit­ determination to resist their captors and \PriVilege were confined to private corre­ tal less likely. regain their freedom. spondence. Attorney General Rogers in 1958, FOOTNOTES The post-war history of Lithuania during the Eisenhower Administration, none­ 1 Nos. LXIV and LXVI, Everyman's Library, bears grim testimony to this rejection theless cited them as precedents in a mem­ pp. 333, 337, and 338. of forcible incorporation. From 1944 to orandum which asserted-in more sweeping 2 The May 29 story was by the redoubtable 1952, anti-Soviet partisans struggled for fashion than ever before-the President's team of Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward, freedom against the Soviet military oc­ power to wt.thhold information from Con­ who have made journalistic history in the cupation in protracted guerrilla warfare gress. They will undoubtedly be cited again Watergate affair. as precedents for withholding information s No. LXX, Everyman's Library, p. 362. at a cost of over fifty thousand Lithua­ from the courts should Nixon's testimony be ,~, Branzburg v. Hayes (June 29, 1972), Foot­ nian lives. During Stalin's era, over one­ sought, or White House documents sub­ note 26 to the majority opinion. sixth of the Lithuanian people were de­ poenaed, in prosecutions growing out of the 5 Described in Samuel Eliot Morison and ported to Russia and Siberia in an effort Watergate scan-daJ..12 Henry Steele Commager, Growth of the to depopulate and subjugate the Lith.... The Rogers memorandum, in defense of American Republic (Oxford, 1962), vol. 1, uanian nation. the White House claim to "uncontrolled pp. 389-390, as a man "still in Spanish pay To this very day, Lithuanians are risk­ discretion" to withhold information, said while Governor of Louisiana Territory and Marshall ruled in the Burr case that "the ranking General of the US Army" who had ing and sacrificing their lives in defiance President was free to keep from view such already discussed with Burr a wild scheme to of the Communist regime, and they con­ portions of the letter which the President "liberate" Mexico from Spain. He then de­ tinue in their struggle for the right of deemed confidential in the public interest. cided Burr was "worth more to betray than national self-determination and individ­ The President alone was judge of what was to befriend" and sent Jefferson "a lurid let­ ual religious and political rights. The confidential." A painstaking study by Raoul ter" denouncing what he termed a "con­ United States has never recognized the Berger for a forthcoming book on executive spiracy to dismember the Union." forceful annexation of Lithuania and privilege has demonstrated that this com­ 6 U .S. v. Burr (Case No. 14,692d) 25 Fed. pletely overstates the case and the circum­ Cas., p. 34. the other Baltic States into the Soviet stances.1s 1 Albert J. Beveridge, Marshall (Houghton, Union. This steadfast policy of the Actually, on the document subpoenaed, Mifflin, 1919), vol. 3, p. 438. Chief Prosecutor United States gives succor to the Lith­ as on the personal appearance of Jefferson, Hay also made the same admission and uanian people and reinforces their de­ a confrontation was avoided. The prosecu­ e,rgued the same distinction when motion for termination to await national independ­ tor, George Hay, had objected that it was the subpoena was first argued. ence while it also discourages the Soviet improper to subpoena the document because 8 For this bit of information in a murky policies of Russification and effective ab­ it was a private letter to Jefferson and situation I am indebted to Professor Julian "might contain state secrets, which cm:tld P. Boyd of Princeton who is now editing what sorption of Lithuania, Latvia, and Es­ not be divulged without endangering the will be the definitive edition of Jefferson's tonia into the Soviet Union. national safety." Jefferson nonetheless fur­ works. The 89th Congress passed, by unani­ nished it "voluntarily," so to speak, and left 0 See his Occasional Papers (Bowdoin Col­ mous vote of both the House and the it to Hay "to withhold communication of any lege, 1969), p. 52. Senate, House Concurrent Resolution parts of the letter which are not directly 1o The letters may be found in Randall's 416 to request the President of the material for the purposes of justice." u He Life of Jefferson (New York, 1858), veil. 3, United States to urge certain actions in made no claim that it contained state secrets. pp. 21Q-212. Jefferson neither tried to exercise the ab­ n Ibid., p. 211. behalf of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia solute privilege he had claimed nor dele­ 12 The memorandum may be found at pp. before the United Nations and other in­ gated it to Hay. On the contrary, as Berger 551-566 of Hearings by the Subcommittee on ternational forums and to bring the points out. Hay emphasized that "he was will­ Separation of Powers, of the Senate Judi­ force of world opinion to bear on behalf ing to show the entire letter to the court ciary Oommittee, 92nd Congress, 1st Session, to suppress so much of the letter as was not of restoration of rights to the Baltics. I on Executive Privilege: The Withholding of call for support of the spirit of this reso­ material to the case." Far from asserting ab­ Information by the Executive, and S1125, solute privilege, Berger shows, "the govern­ July 27 to August 5, 1971, over which Sena­ lution and hope that attention will con­ ment was perfectly willing to leave it to the tor Ervin presided. tinue to be centered on the plight of court to determine whether portions of the Js The preliminary results of his re- Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. 19934 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 15, 1973 FLAME OF LIBERTY STILL BURNS were described by the said public law as cap­ I was so inspired by their work that I tive nations; and told the story to the Roll Call newspaper. Whereas the Hungarian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Carpatho-Ruthenian, Latvian, Lith­ I submit the article to the attention of HON. WILLIAM E. MINSHALL uanian, Estonian, East German, Rumanian, my colleagues: OF OHIO Bulgarian, Albanian, Ukrainian, and White KINDERGARTEN CAPITOL IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Ruthenian peoples may only look to the In 1969, Rep. John Hunt (R-NJ) sent a United States and the United Nations for the flag, labelled "this is to certify that the ac­ Friday, June 15, 1973 restoration of their national self-determina­ companying flag has flown over the United Mr. MINSHALL of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, tion and political independence; and States Capitol," to the kindergarten class today we observe the 33d anniversary of Whereas the member nations of the United of Mrs. Jean Parks in Bellmawr, New Jersey. Nations have failed to bring before the Gen­ This year, Rep. Hunt received a tiny paper the takeover of the Baltic States by the eral Assembly for successful discussion the flag mounted on a toothpick pole, labeled Soviet Union. problem of self-determination and political "this is to certify that the accompanying flag The brave citizens of Latvia, Lithuania independence of the peoples of Eastern has flown over a model of the U.S. Capitol." and Estonia have repeatedly and dra­ Europe; and Mrs. Parks explained (on stationery tagged matically demonstrated over these three Whereas, despite the numerous resolu­ "Architect of the Capitol, Bellmawr, N.J .") tragic decades that they reject the Com­ tions passed by the United Nations General that her kindergarteners constructed the munist regime, that it is contrary to their Assembly, Russian occupation troops are still model from a diagram on the back of a Mini­ concept of the freedom of man, of his maintained in Hungary and the issue of their Wheats cereal box, using "several milk removal has not come up for discussion in cartons, cooky tins, paper towels, wheat right to self-determination for himself, the Assembly since 1962; and paste, styrofoam, straws, and a Cool Whip his family and his native land. Whereas it is vital to the national security bowl." Despite discouragements and set­ of the United States and to the perpetuation Perhaps Capitol (Washington, D.C.) backs, despite the loss of more than a of free civilization that the nations of the Architect George White should consult with fourth of their population during these world act in concert through the forum of the young New Jersey recyclers before plan­ years of Soviet terror and occupation, the the United Nations in demanding national ning the West Front extension. They just fiame of liberty still burns brightly in self-determination and political independ­ might send him a few spare Cool Whip bowls. their souls. ence for the peoples enslaved by Communist governments; and I wish that space in the RECORD per­ Whereas the Constitution of the United mitted insertion of the text of The Vio­ States of America, in article II, section 2, A DAY OF REFLECTION lations of Human Rights in Soviet Occu­ vests in the President of the United States pied Lithuania, a report prepared and the power, by and with the advice of the issued by the Lithuanian American Com­ Senate, to make treaties and to appoint Am­ HON. WILLIAM M. KETCHUM munity, Inc., on February 16, 1973. It is a bassadors: Now, therefore, be it. OF CALIFORNIA heartbreaking resume of the violations Resolved by the House of Representatives IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (the Senate concurring), That the President of every basic human right to religious Friday, June 15, 1973 freedom, freedom of the press, freedom of the United States is hereby authorized and requested to instruct the United States Mr. KETCHUM. Mr. Speaker, June 15, of opinion and all the other freedoms Ambassador to the United Nations to request guaranteed by the United Nations Dec­ at the 1968 session, that ( 1) the United 1940, marks the date that Lithuania was laration on Human Rights. I would hope Nations insist upon the fulfillment of its forcibly annexed into the Soviet Union. that my colleagues would avail them­ charter provisions based on self-determina­ Since that time the Lithuanian people selves of this document from the Lithu­ tion of all peoples in t~e form of the sov­ have continuously struggled to reject the anian organization, 405 Leon Avenue, ereign equality of states and condemnation oppressive Communist system from Lith­ Delran, N.J. 08075. of colonial rule; and (2) the Soviet Union uanian soil. be asked to abide by its United Nations · In 1967, Secretary of State Dean Rusk It seems to me a careful reading would membership obligations concerning colonial­ convince many in the House of the need ism and interference with the sovereignty of reaffirmed U.S. policy toward Lithuania to expeditiously adopt House Concurrent other nations through the withdrawal of all and I think these same words bear re­ Resolution 29, which I introduced in Soviet Russia troops and agents from other peating as they most certainly reflect earlier Congresses and again in this, call­ nations now under Communist rule and my sincere feelings. He said: ing on the United Nations to insist on through returning to their respective home­ United States support of the Lithuanian fulfillment of its charter provisions based lands all political pri·soners now in prison people's just aspirations for freedom and on self -determination of all peoples, and and labor camps; be it further independence is reflected clearly in our re­ Resolved, That the President of the United fusal to recognize the forcible incorporation to see that the Soviet Union abides by its States is further authorized and requested of your country into the Soviet Union and U.N. membership obligations concerning to use all diplomatic, treatymaking, and ap­ in the warm sympathy manifested by the colonialism and interference with the pointive powers vested in him by the Con­ American people in the Lithuanian cause. sovereignty of other nations. stitution of the United States to augment In continuing to look resolutely toward a The full text of my resolution follows: and support actions taken by the United free and independent existence, the Lithu­ H. CoN. RES. 29 States Amb81ssador to the United Nations anian people both here and abroad have Whereas the United States of America was in the interest of self-determination and established a firm foundation for the hope of founded upon and long cherished the prin­ political independence of these nations. free men everywhere that the goal of Lithu­ ciples of self-determination and freedom; and anian national self-determination will ulti­ Whereas these principles, expressed in the mately be realized. sovereign quality of nations, are the very Sometimes, we as Americans tend to reason for the existence of the United Na­ KINDERGARTEN CAPITOL forget the hardships and the day-to-day tions, as set forth 1n the charter of that world organization; and fears that face the freedom-seeking peo­ Whereas the United States and all other ple of the world who are subject to Com­ members of the United Nations have solemn­ HON. JOHN E. HUNT munist rule. However, the brave people ly pledged themselves to make these princi­ OF NEW JERSEY of Lithuania and those from the other ples universal and to extend their benefits to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Baltic States have never lost their de­ all peoples; and Friday, June 15, 1973 termination to :fight for this freedom. Whereas, on December 10, 1948, the Gen.. Over 30,000 people have lost their lives eral Assembly of the United Nations passed Mr. HUNT. Mr. Speaker, in 1969, I sent since 1940 and 1952 alone. These people the Universal Declaration of Human Rights a fiag, labeled "this is to certify that the ar·e a determined and courageous people which was accepted both by the United accompanying fiag has fiown over the who are willing to fight for that which is States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Re­ to publics, defining said rights as relating to U.S. Capitol," the kindergarten class denied them: religion, political belief, citizens of all member states; and of Mrs. Jean Parks in Bellmawr, N.J. and human rights. They continue to risk Whereas, since 1918 Soviet communism has, Last week, just 4 years later, I re­ and sacrifice their lives in order to attain through the most brutal aggression and force, ceived from Mrs. Parks' class, a beautiful that which is inalienable to all men. deprived millions of formerly free peoples folder, containing a picture of the class, We, as Americans, must never lose of their right to self-determination; and and their most recent project, a most ac­ sight of our continued commitment for Whereas the Congress of the United States curate scale model of the U.S. Capitol. has unanimously expressed in Pub_lic Law freedom, and we must never turn our 86-90, approved July 17, 1959, its revulsion I only wish that each and every Member backs on the freedom-loving people of at the continued enslavement of the peoples of the Congress could see this magnifi­ the world who have the guts to continue of Eastern and East Central ·Europe who cent reproduction. their struggle against oppression. June 15, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19935 I call on each and every American to Perhaps some of you have not heard of stitution and was himself elected to the pause and reftect for just a moment in Elias Boudinot previously, as history has not House of Representatives in the First, Sec­ recognition of the brave people of Lith­ accorded him the attention he deserves, and ond and Third Congresses thereunder. He so if you will bear with me for a short time was the first Counsellor named by the United uania. We must never forget them. I WO'Uld like to give you a brief sketch of States Supreme Court and he led the defense the man. of Alexander Hamilton in the assault upon Elias Boudinot, born May 2nd, 1740, was his conduct of the Federal Treasury. He was the fourth by that name and lived until appointed by George Washington to succeed ELIAS BOUDINOT-PATRIOT AND October 24th, 1821. He studied law under Mr. Rittenhouse as Director of the Mint in THE FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE Richard Stockton, who was a neighbor and Philadelphia, in which capacity he served UNITED STATES OF AMERICA who married Elias' older sister, Annis. Later, from 1795 unt il 1805 when he resigned on April 21st, 1762 Elias married Richard's July 1st to study the Bible. He wrote several sister, Hannah Stockton. books, helped organize and was the first It was said of him that "neither a classi­ president of the American Bible Society. HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI cal academy education, baptism by George Mr. Boudinot was greatly interested in at­ OF NEW JERSEY Whitefield nor early and arduous study of tempts to educate the Indians and even al­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES law could mar the serenity of Elias' temper lowed a Cherokee attending a mission school or the poise of his good sense." to take his name. He also aided deaf mutes Friday, June 15, 1973 On June 11th, 1774 he became one of nine and the poor. Appleton's Cyclopedia of Amer­ Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, as we original members of the Committee of Cor­ ican Biography refers to him as Doctor respondence for Essex County in connec­ Boudinot, but I have not as yet found out approach the 200th anniversary of the how he acquired that title- probably an formation of the United States of Amer­ tion with a proposal to call a Continental Congress and in March 1775 he and William honorary degree from Princeton. ica, some attention should be brought Livingston hurried the New Jersey Assem­ Elias Boudinot was a very close personal forth in honor of the men who had taken bly into approving the proceedings of the friend of George Washington. Benjamin part in formulating and establishing this First Continental Congress. Franklin was a neighbor in Philadelphia and great Nation. As a member of the New Jersey Provincial when Alexander Hamilton, at fifteen years Many suggestions have been brought to Congress, to which he was chosen in 1775, of age, arrived in this country in November the attention of the Bicentennial Com­ he was successful in obtaining eight or ten 1772 from the West Indies he carried with half casks of powder which he sent to Gen­ him a letter of introduction to Elias Boudinot mission as to what scope our celebrations who took him into his home and sent him will take when we celebrate the 200th eral Washington at a time when the army was down to eight rounds per man and was to school. anniversary. It is also of interest to note that his Father I am of the firm belief that we should the first such powder to reach Washington was part of a syndicate that purchased 42,- in response to this urgent appeal. . 500 acres comprising the present Township put into proper perspective the accom­ On the evening of April 23, 1775, as Charr­ plishments of the many people who were of Franklin, HoHoKus and Ridgewood. man of the Committee of Safety in his home Benjamin Franklin appointed him (the a part of the growth of our Nation from town of Elizabeth Town (now just Eliza­ Father) Postmaster at Princeton. He also had its formative years and continuing beth) he received a copy of the alarm sent a 1/ 13 interest in the Wawayanda Patent a n d through to the present time. out by the committee of Watertown, near copper interests near New Brunswick. Among other matters, there seems to Boston, to raise the country and advise of So much for the historical record. Now let be some doubts as to who was really the the battle of Lexington. He was also one of us get on to the serious business of Presi­ two men sent to the Continental Congress dent Boudinot's right to be recognized as the first President of the United States. Many in Philadelphia to seek advice. In April 1776 claim John Hanson for this honor, others First President of the United States of Amer­ he thwarted Dr. John Witherspoon's attempt ica, and the State of New Jersey's right and proclaim Samuel Huntington. Now, I to rush New Jersey into declaring inde­ obligation to press for that recognition. have received the text of a paper pre­ pendeuce. Let us, now, examine the merits of the sented by Mr. Robert R. Atterbury, Jr., On June 6, 1777 Mr. Boudinot was ap­ claims put forth by Senator Mathias and of my congressional district, outlining his pointed Commissary General of Prisoners Representative Steele. reasons why Elias Boudinot of New Jer­ and head of Intelligence with the rank of Representative Steele's claim on behalf of sey should be considered as the first Colonel. Because he could not get any money Samuel Huntington rests upon the fact that President of the United States. or supplies from the Congress, as he had been Mr. Huntington was President of the Cctn.ti­ promised, and because Gen. Washington im­ nental Congress when the Articles of Con­ Mr. Atterbury has presented his argu­ plored him to serve, Mr. Boudinot put up federation were ratified in 1781 and remained ments very clearly and, I believe, very $30,000 of his own money and all his per­ in that position. As Rep. Steele said in his convincingly that Elias Boudinot should sonal credit into caring for the prisoners held letter to me dated July 1st, 1971, "The claim be honored with that distinction so that by the British. In this effort, General Wash­ of both Senator Mathias and me assumes one history may record it for all time. ington promised to share half the loss should basic theory: that the first government of Mr. Speaker, so that my colleagues in there be auy. Eventually, after much diffi­ the United States was under the Articles." this House can be fully informed as to culty, Mr. Boudinot recovered most of these This, of course, is the claim that I dispute. funds. Senator Mathias bases his claim upon the this matter, I wish to include as part of November 20, 1777 Mr. Boudinot was fact that John Hanson (who preceded Elias my remarks the text of Mr. Atterbury's elected a delegate to the Continental Con­ Boudinot and whose coach Elias purchased speech made before the Paramus His­ gress, and while a member serv_ed on over when he assumed office) was the first Presi­ torical and Preservation Society at thirty committees, usually as chauman. dent elected under the Articles. It is inter­ Ridgewood, N.J. on June 1, 1973. November 4th, 1782 Mr. Boudinot was esting to note, however, that Mr. Hanson was The remarks follow: elected President of the Continental Con­ elected "President of the Confederacy." gress and, in that capacity signed, on My contention is that the Continental ELIAS BOUDINOT-PATRIOT AND FIRST PRESI­ April 11th, 1783, the Proclamation declaring DENT OF UNITED STATES Congresses, both before and after the adop­ a cessation of arms and on April 15th, 1783 tion of the Articles of Confederation, were (By Robert R. Atterbury, Jr.) the Congress ratified and Mr. Boudinot only ad hoc committees, not fully recognized Good evening. Mrs. Norwood, when she signed a preliminary treaty with Great Brit­ by the colonists and not at all recognized became aware of my interest in securing for ain whereby the Crown acknowledged that officially by any foreign power. Mr. Elias Boudinot, and for the State of New the thirteen colonies were free and sovereign The United States did not exist, in fact, Jersey, the recognition to which they are and independent states. It is at this point, I until President Boudinot signed the prelim­ entitled during the up-coming Bi Centen­ maintain, that the United States of America inary treaty with Great Britain; at which nial, very kindly offered me this opportunity actually came into being. time, and in which manner, the Crown ac­ to present to you my reasons for contending On October 18, 1783 President Boudinot knowledged the independence of the colonies. that Mr. Boudinot was, actually, the first signed a proclamation establishing the 2nd This is what created a new nation and gave president of the United States of America. Thursday in December as a day of public status to the new government which was George Washington was, of course, the Thanksgiving, discharging the army, andre­ shortly given full diplomatic and interna­ first President under the Constitution, but moving Congress to Princeton, N.J. This, so tional recognition by foreign governments he was preceded by a number of Presidents far as is known, is the origin of Thanksgiving which proceeded to assign ministers whose of the Continental Congress including, at a Day as we know it today. credentials were submitted to, and received critical point in time in relation to this Boudinot presided at Nassau Hall when by, Elias Boudinot as President of the United discussion, Mr. Boudinot, who happened to General Washington was formally thanked States of America. President Boudinot also be President of the Continental Congress in for his services and also escorted Washington signed treaties in that capacity with Spain, April of 1783. to New York for his inaugural after the adop­ France, Holland and Sweden. Senator Mathias, of Maryland, is strongly tion of the Constitution. Incidentally, he was This, it seems to me, establishes beyond sponsoring John Hanson for this honor, and also one of four men involved in the design contradiction, that Elias Boudinot was the Representative Steele, of Connecticut, is of the Great Seal of the United States of first President of the United States of Amer­ sponsoring Samuel Huntington, and we will America. ica. examine their claims later. He helped obtain ratification of the Con- It is true that, when signing the Proclama- 19936 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 15, 1973 tion for the cessation of arms, Mr. Boudinot genn-es, 1n March of 1776, had discussed with References for the information contained ·signed "XXX in the year of our Lord 1763 and his associates in the cabinet the advisability herein include Elias Boudinot by George of our Sovereignty and Independence the cf the two crowns (Spain and France) taking Adams Boyd, "The New Larned History, Dic­ Seventh," indicating that he dated the exist­ advantage of England's preoccupation with tionary of American Biography, Journal of ence of the United States of America from the colonies and whether it would be politic Events of the Revolution by Elias Boudinot, the Declaration of Independence in 1776. to give the insurgents secret assistance. New Jersey and the Revolutionary War by However, I think that this was a bit of co­ Vergennes went on to say that Providence Alfred Hoyt Bill, Short History of the English lonial bombast, and I am sure that Jeffer­ had evidently chosen that very hour for People by John Richard Green. (The World's son Davis signed documents similarly and humiliating England and that by rendering Great Classics) and Appleton's Cyclopedia, considered the Confederacy (or should I say the assistance of the Americans as desperate all af which, except Green's Short History of the second Confederacy?) to have existed as possible the exhaustion caused by the England, can be obtained through the Public since the dates of secession. internecine war would prostrate both Eng­ Library in Ridgewood. Had George washington suffered the same land and the colonies and afford an opportu­ Thank you for your patience. fate as Robert E. Lee, the Declaration of In­ nity to reduce England to the condition of dependence would not have any greater effect a second rate power. Not being able to do today than the Secessions of the Civil War that, he went on to suggest secret assistance. period. The New Larned History also goes on to LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE How close it came to that during those point out that "It is a settled rule of diplom­ seven long years may be realized when -one acy that a minister should not be pressed "Considers that Alfred Hoyt Price writes in his upon a foreign court by which it is under­ "New Jersey and the Revolutionary War" that HON. WILLIAM R. COTTER stood that he will not be received." In dis­ OF CONNECTICUT in December 1776 (six months after the De­ regard of this rule the colonists did send claration of Independence) "the State gov­ agents to several foreign courts where, save IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ernment virtually ceased to exist, its more eventually for France, they were not received. Friday, June 15, 1973 prominent members going into hiding and Thus "The policy of sending ministers to the Continental Congress had de-camped to European courts where such ministers were Mr. COTI'ER, Mr. Speaker, today is a the safety of Baltimore," and also that 2,700 not received worked injuriously to the United sorrowful day for Americans of Lithu­ New Jersey citizens including members of States from the mere fact of their non­ anian descent. For on this date in 1940, the Assembly sought the King's pardon and recognition." Lithuania was forcibly annexed into the renewed their allegiance to the Crown. He After Saratoga, Count Vergennes became Soviet Union, beginning a sad era in its ·also writes that "in several districts the anxious for a treaty including Spain. Spain Loyalists were in the majority. The pressure history which continues to this day. Yet, hoped to secure her borders on this conti­ despite more than 30 days of politi­ of the British army in New York and on nent and at the same time regain Gibraltar. Staten Island and the British warships in France wanted anything that would discom­ cal and religious repression, attempts at the Hudson for seven of the eight years of fort England and to secure fishing rights in depopulation, and other tragic hardships, the war made loyalty to the Crown as popular our coastal waters. the struggle for Lithuanian freedom goes as it was safe in neighboring Bergen and John Richard Green writes in his "Short on. The courage and sacrifice of these Essex counties! On January 12th, 1783 home Alexander Hamilton wrote "Every day proves History of England", The World's Great determined people was brought more and more the insufficiency of the con­ Classics, by the Colonial Press, copyright with new force last year by the mass federation, and at this time several states in­ 1899: "XXX and by the yet more fatal news demonstrations of protest against Soviet cluding Delaware, Maryland and Georgia had that this disaster (Saratoga) had roused the occupation, culminated by the self-im­ not even sent delegates, and many delegates Bourbon courts to avenge the humiliation of molation of three Lithuanian youths. did not attend the Congress." the Seven Years War" by concluding an alli­ These actions demonstrate beyond the How close collapse was may be gathered ance with the revolutionists. When peace was discussed with Spain and France, Spain ability of words that the Lithuanian peo­ from the writing of Mr. Boudinot himself, in ple have not acquiesced to annexation, his Journal of Events of the Revolution. He refused to suspend hostilities without the wrote that in the autumn of 1777, with the return of Gibraltar and France proposed that but rather still strive for independence army at White Marsh and the enemy at England give up all her Indian conquests and freedom. Chestnut Hill with George Washington oppo­ except Bengal. But England fixed them. Let us take the time on this sad anni­ site, the British withdrew and "Thus the de­ The colonies became tired of waiting and versary to recognize that this valiant feat of the American Army was again prov­ made their own peace, which was a prelude to struggle is still going on, to remember identially prevented" and again "another treaties with the Bourbon powers. our obligation to those who quest for, and providential escape of our army happened at The Beaumarchais incident is another case in point. In 1776 Silas Deane went to are willing to sacrifice to attain, freedom, Morris Town in the year 1777-6". Thus it is and to acknowledge the efforts to gain obvious that the Continental Congress, the France as our first secret agent. After having Articles of Confederation not withstanding, finally met with Count Vergennes, arrange­ national self-determination by Lithu­ was in dire danger. ments are made through an intermediary, anians the world over, with the fervent · In February of 1776 in reply to General a. Monsieur Beaumarchais, for an old frigate hope that they will be successful. George washington's urgent plea for wagons loaded with everything wanted. The British to haul provisions to Valley Forge, Governor found out about it and made spirited pro­ Livingston wrote "it is impossible for this test to the King of France, with whom they .State to cure the blunders of those whose were temporarily at peace, and the King BEATITUDES FOR BUSINESSMEN business it is to provide for the army; and issued a strong proclamation promising considering what New Jersey has suffered by death, etc. to anyone connected with such the war, I am justly certain it cannot hold a scheme and ordered the frigate unloaded. out another year if the rest will not fur­ It was, but its cargo was loaded on three HON. MARK ANDREWS nish their proportionable share of provi­ merchant vessels at night and they arrived OF NORTH DAKOTA sions." safely. It was well understood by Congress IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES One must remember that not only were that this was a gift from the King of France most of the important battles fought in New but when someone, thought to have been Friday, June 15, 1973 Jersey or on its perimeters, but the Jersey­ Thomas Paine, let the cat out of the bag, Mr. ANDREWS of North Dakota. Mr. men, either with the Continental Army or Congress received a "warm memorial" from the French Government and Congress had to Speaker, a very good friend of mine, as Militia, did more than their share of the Harry E. Olson, Jr., senior pastor of Mes­ fighting. deny that the King had anything to do with it and assert that the shipment was a com­ siah Lutheran Church in Fargo, N.Dak., The American and British armies had twice mon mercantile contract. Thereupon, Beau­ some time ago wrote "Beatitudes for swept through the State, foraging and pil­ marchais called upon Congress to pay the Businessmen." With the present day ten­ laging as they went, and twice swept back whole purchase price with interest. This upon New York. sion and atmosphere of distrust, I felt incident in itself, even though an open al­ that I would like to share these thoughts The question of the French alliance is liance was later hastily contrived, is proof bound to come up, and probably some will that .France did not in reality regard the with my colleagues and friends so I am cont end that France did recognize the United Continental Congress as a bona fide govern­ asking consent that they be printed at States, and brought Spain in with her. It is ment but rather as a tool with which to get the conclusion of my remarks. true that secret representations, such as Silas at the English. It seems to me that the aid Harry Olson, incidentally, is the :first Deane, were sent to seek aid from France. she gave to the colonies, aside from Lafayette clergyman from North Dakota to have The Count Vergennes kept Deane waiting which was personal, was much the same as been invited as guest chaplain for a ses­ so long that he was packing to go home in the aid England later gave to the South dur­ despair when news of Saratoga reached Paris ing the Civil War. sion of the House of Representatives. and the Count sent his man, Girard, to fetch It would be possible to continue in this We are very proud of him and I am sure Deane. way, but I hope that the point has been that his words will continue to have a The New Larned History says that Ver- made sufficiently. profound effect on people 'sverywhere. June 18, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 19937

BEATITUDES FOR BUSINESSMEN and its sister republics Estonia and Lat­ the state of Lithuania. Anniversaries are (By Harry E. Olson. Jr.) via, and I hope it never will. either occasions for joy or despair. This Blessed will be the man who will trust Those of the Lithuanian people who Lithuania anniversary is an occasion for other men. have not been murdered or deported have despair. The Lithuanian people have Blessed will be the man who is determined not accepted the absorption of their na­ continuously struggled to reject the op­ to control himself. tion by the Soviet Empire, although it pressive Communist system from Lithu­ Blessed will be the man who not on ly counts his blessings but makes his blessings is all but impossible for them to protest anian soil ever since the forcible annexa­ count. effectively. Two million Americans

SE.NATE-Monday, June 18, 1973 The Senate met at 11 a.m., and was EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED LEONID BREZHNEV'S VISIT TO THE called to order by the President pro tern- As in executive session, the President UNITED STATES pore