Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 21, No. 2 (Winter, 1992), Pp

Chronology: 16 August-15 November 1991 Source: Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 21, No. 2 (Winter, 1992), pp. 167-189 Published by: University of California Press on behalf of the Institute for Palestine Studies Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2537237 Accessed: 03-03-2015 18:13 UTC

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This content downloaded from 66.134.128.11 on Tue, 03 Mar 2015 18:13:14 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 16 AUGUST-15 NOVEMBER 1991

This sectionis partthirty-two of a chronologybegun in Journal XIII, no. 3 (Spring1984). Chronologydates reflect Eastern Standard Time.

16 AUGUST tionsnow using the name DFLP, states DFLP, PFLP, Fateh have agreedon common stance Specialmeeting of Palestinians from o.t., concerningPalestinian participation in peace theU.S., and PLO Exec.Comm. begins delib- conference,including insistance on PLO's erationsin Londonto decidewhat assur- rightto presenta delegationcomprised of ancesU.S. shouldgive Palestinians as condi- Palestiniansfrom within and outsidethe o.t., tion for Palestinianparticipation in peace includingdelegates from E. Jerusalem.But conference.Meeting was directedby Chmn. thethree groups failed to adopta jointstate- Arafat. mentto thiseffect for presentation to the up- Amongthose attending were Faisal Hus- comingPalestine National Council (PNC) seini,Hanan Ashrawi, Zakariya al-Agha (who meeting.(Radio MonteCarlo 8/18 in FBIS havebeen meeting with Secy. of State Baker), 8/19) Basil 'Aql, EdwardW. Said, IbrahimAbu- Pres. Bush refusesto grantpardon to Lughod,Walid Khalidi, Musa Mazzawi, JonathanJay Pollard, convictedof spyingfor ZuhayraKamal, and threePLO officials.(al- Israel.(JP 8/18 in FBIS8/21) Qudsal- Arabi [London], 8/19 in FBIS 8/23; Hizbullah leader Shaykh 'Abbas al- MEM 8/19;al-Hayat [London] 9/4 in FBIS Musawi,other Hizbullah officials, arrive in for 9/9) Tehran discussionswith Iranian leaders Turkishprime min. Turgut Ozal sendslet- on comprehensive Middle East prisoner- terto U.S. Pres.Bush indicating that Syria hostage exchange. (NYT 8/19) stronglyobjects to a privateU.S. foundation's Israelifor. ministry declares Ethiopia will plansto invite Israel to participatein confer- allow remaining2,600 Jewsin Ethiopiato enceon regionalwater issues to be heldin emigrateto Israel. (WP 8/17) Novemberin Turkey,will boycottmeeting Iranian Oil Minister Gholam Reza alongwith other Arab states. U.S. indicates Qaqzadeh-Kho'ipresents Kuwaiti leader exclusionof Israel may result in U.S. boycott. ShaykhJabir al-Ahmad al-Sabah with letter (WP 8/29) fromIranian pres. Rafasanjani on protecting the rightsof the Palestinianpeople. Letter followsrecent diplomatic activity indicating 17 AUGUST increased PLO-Iranian ties. (Tehran Voice ofthe Islamic Republic of Iran8/17 in FBIS NayifHawatma, leader of one oftwo fac- 9/1)

JoumnalofPalestine .Studies XXI, no. 2 (Winter1992), pp. 167-189.

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18 AUGUST 21 AUGUST PLO Exec.Comm. mbr. Sulayman al-Naj- Israelidef. min. Moshe Arens allows al- jab indicatesSyria, Egypt have agreed to hold Najah Universityin Nablusto reopen.Al- a meetingof the five confrontation states to Najahwould be thefourth of six Palestinian coordinatenegotiating positions prior to universitiesreopened since theirclosure at peaceconference [Jordan had alreadyagreed thebeginning of the intifada. Bir Zeit, Islamic to proposal].(Jordan Times 8/19 in FBIS Universityof Gaza remainclosed. (NYT, 8/19) WP 8/22) SpecialPalestinian committee meeting in Jewishsettlers expand settlementfor London[see 8/15] ends discussions. In addi- seminarystudents in Hebronby movingten tionto discussingwhat assurances Palestini- mobilehomes (caravans) to bus stationbe- ansshould seek from U.S., the committee also hindBeit Romano building. Bus stationhad adopted28 confidence-buildingmeasures it been used as armybase sinceits expropria- will forwardto the Israeli governmenttion in 1983after murder of Jewish seminary throughthe U.S. (al-Hayat9/4 in FBIS 9/9) student.(NYT, MEM 8/22) Iranian Oil MinisterQaqzadeh-Kho'i PLO Exec.Comm. mbrs. Yasir 'Abd Rab- presentsKing Fahd of Saudi Arabia with let- buh,Mahmud 'Abbas arrive in Cairofor talks terfrom Iranian Pres. Rafasanjani on protect- withEgyptian leaders on peace conference. ingthe rights of the Palestinian people. (see Movecomes in wakeof improved Egyptian- 8/17)(Voice of the Islamic Republic of Iran PLO relations.(MENA [Cairo] 8/21 in FBIS 8/17in FBIS8/19) 8/22) 'Abd Rabbuhalso expressesclarification ofPLO positionon Sovietcoup in interview with Agence France Presse,stating PLO 19 AUGUST hopesSoviet crisis can be solvedin such a way as to "preservethe democraticgains" PLO Exec.Comm. mbr. Yasir 'Abd Rab- made by the Soviet people under Pres. buh statesPLO hopes coup d'etatin USSR MikhailGorbachev and to work for peace and will help "solve"question of SovietJewish internationallegitimacy in theMiddle East. emigrationto Israel. (AFP 8/19 in FBIS Statementcomes in wake of statements in 8/19) supportof Gorbachev'souster throughout Israel,Albania establish diplomatic rela- the Arabworld. PFLP, PFLP-GCwent on tions. (IDF Radio8/19 in FBIS 8/19) record as favoringGorbachev's removal. KingHussein, Pres. al-Asad meet in Syria (MEM.8/21) on peace talks,Palestinian representation to Israeli interiorminister with 37 Arab conference.(AFP 8/19in FBIS 8/20) mayorsstriking for budgetary parity between Israeli settlementleader sentencedto Arab,Jewish municipalities ofsimilar size in fourmonth's community service in return Israel.(MEM 8/22) forpleading guilty to a lessercharge in case involvingdeath of a Palestinianyouth [in Jan. 19881whom the settler "accidentally" shot. 22 AUGUST (JP8/20 in FBIS8/20) Israeliforeign ministry accuses PLO of supportinganti-democratic forces around the world"time and again." Statementcomes in 20 AUGUST wakeof statements by some PLO officialsin supportof 8/19 coup in USSR. (NYT 8/23) PLO Pol. Dept.Head Faruqal-Qaddumi PLO ambassadorto USSR denies PLO statescoup against Pres. Mikhail Gorbachev supportedanti-Gorbachev coup, as reported will restoreinternational balance upsetby byRussian television 8/23, issues press state- Gorbachev'spolicies and "enhancethe Third mentnoting PLO consideredrecent develop- World'spolitical role." (Sawtal-Sha'b [Am- mentsin USSRto be an internalSoviet mat- man]8/20 in FBIS8/20) ter. (MEM 8/23) Palestinianmayors in Israel beginsit- Israeliauthorities order Faisal Husseini, downstrike opposite prime ministry in Jeru- HananAshrawi to appearbefore police 8/26 salemto protestdiscrimination against Arab to discusstheir recent meetings with Pales- municipalitiesin termsof government fund- tinianleaders in London[see 8/161.(NYT ing. (MEM8/21) 8/23)

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Hizbullahclaims responsibility forbomb Londonwith Palestinian officials to deter- attackthat left one South Lebanon Army sol- mineif they violated Israeli law banning con- dierdead, four wounded. SLA artillery, tanks tactwith PLO. (MEM8/27) bombardseveral villages in retaliation.(Qol Afterheated debates, Lebanese parlia- Yisra'el8/23 in FBIS8/23) mentapproves amnesty for war crimes com- Foreignmin. of Congo holds discussions mittedduring Lebanese civil war. (NYT withIsraeli for. ministry on restoringdiplo- 8/27) maticties. Congo,the tenth African state to Hizbullahadmits it holds two Israeli pris- renewrelations with Israel since 1973,will oners. (WP 8/27) openan embassyin Jerusalem, making it the Israelihousing min. Ariel Sharon details thirdcountry to do so. (MEM8/23) majorplan to expand Israeli settlements. Planwould expand settlements in Jerusalem area to link themwith large settlement of 23 AUGUST Ma'ale Adumim,which itself would be ex- pandedto reachJericho, cutting the West SLA,Israeli army continue shelling of S. Bank in half. Thousandsof new homes Lebanesevillages after 8/22 Hizbullahraid, wouldbe built.(MEM 8/27,8/29) causing heavy civilian casualties. Anti- Israelicabinet agrees to equal fundingof Hizbullahdemonstration inJarju', led by vil- Arab,Jewish municipalities following 10- lagersdemanding Hizbullah leave area to daysit-in by Arabmayors. Mayors indicate avoidfurther attacks, leads to short gun battle theywill take their protest to the Israeli labor betweenvillagers, Hizbullah fighters. (Beirut federation,the Histadrut,to protestunfair RadioLebanon 8/24 in FBIS 8/26) practicesby thatbody, which is dominated bythe Labor party. (MEM 8/27) Palestinianhuman rights group Al-Haq 24 AUGUST issuesreport on increasedJewish settlement in o.t. Placesnumber of settlers in W. Bank, Three Israelis stabbed in Jerusalem. Gaza at 104,000along with 127,700 in E. Je- (ITV 8/24in FBIS 8/27) rusalem.(MEM 8/27) Soviet, EthiopianJewish immigrants clashin Jerusalemhotel where they live; four 25 AUGUST injured.Soviets have complained of preferen- tialtreatment extended to Ethiopians.(MEM PLO Chmn.Arafat arrives in Ammanfor 8/27, 8/29) talkswith King Hussein, Jordanian officials, on proposedjoint Palestinian-Jordanian delegationto peace conference.PLO Exec. 27 AUGUST Comm.mbr. Yasir 'Abd Rabbuhindicates formof Palestinian participation will depend Amalindicates it holdsbodies of twoIs- on U.S. pledgethat peace conference will re- raeli soldiers,will allow the International sultin fullIsraeli withdrawal from o.t. He Committeeof the Red Cross to examine them alsostates final decision on Palestinianpar- afterIsrael releases 28 womenheld prisoner; ticipationin peaceconference will be deter- Israelrefuses. (NYT, WP 8/28) minedby proposed 8/20 meeting of PNC in Algiers. 'AbdRabbuh also indicatedArafat, Hus- 28 AUGUST seinagreed to form joint committee todiscuss conditionsfor Palestinianparticipation. Chmn.Arafat agrees to Palestinianpar- (NYT8/26; MEM 8/27) ticipationin peaceconference iffour condi- tionsare met: recognition ofPalestinian right to self-determination;PLO mustdetermine 26 AUGUST Palestinianparticipation in conference; Pales- tiniansfrom E. Jerusalemmust be allowedto PLO,Hamas officials meet in Ammanto participateand questionof Jerusalemmust discussHamas participationin upcoming notbe deletedfrom conference agenda; Israeli PNC meeting.Hamas demands 40 seatsin settlementactivity in occupiedterritories must council.(AFP 8/26, in FBIS 8/27; MEM be haltedand internationalprotection ex- 8/27) tendedto Palestinians. Israelipolice questionHanan Ashrawi, Arafatalso praisesdemocratic reforms FaisalHusseini on theirrecent meetings in underwayin USSR,amidst increasing criti-

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cismof Palestinian stance vis-a-vis the Soviet Explosionnear Khirbatal-Akrabaniyya, coup. (MEM 8/28) east of Nablus,kills two Palestinians;two Arafatmeets Pres. Mubarak in Libyafor otherslater died of wounds.Cause of blast firsttime since Gulf war. (MEM8/29) unknown.(WP 9/1;MEM 9/2) PFLPdenounces U.S.-led peace plan, crit- icizesPL-0 for conditional agreement. (MEM 8/28) 1 SEPTEMBER Israelipress announces Israel recently re- questedaid fromGermany to assistsettle- U.S. Secy.of StateBaker telephones PM mentof immigrantsin Israel.Finance min- Shamir, requestsIsrael to delay anticipated istryrequested $5.74 billionin aid during request for $10 billion in loan guarantees secretnegotiations held severalweeks ago. fromthe U.S. forsettlement of SovietJews. (MEM8/29) Israelhad indicatedit wouldbe approaching Kuwaitannounces U.S. will build mili- theU.S. forthe guarantees so thatit can ap- tarybase at Sabiyya,40 km.from Kuwait- proachcommercial banks for loans. Iraqborder. (MEM 8/28) Bush administrationhas been sharply critical of Israeli settlementactivity, and fearsmoney could go towardsettling Soviet 29 AUGUST Jewsin theo.t. Administrationofficials have urgedIsrael not to bringup thequestion of Lebanesegeneral Michel 'Awn leaves loan guaranteesuntil afterthe proposed Lebanonfor France aboard French naval ves- peace conferenceis underway. sel. Twoother 'Awn allies, Gen. 'Issam Abu In March1991, Israel agreed to delayre- Jamraand Gen. EdgardMa'luf, also depart questsfor more U.S. aid untilSeptember, in Frenchembassy in Beirut,where the three attemptto secureU.S. aid to coverIsraeli ex- had takenrefuge since Oct. 1990. pensesin theGulf war. (NYT,WP 9/5;WP 'Awn departsLebanon under terms of 9/12) 8/26 amnestypassed by Lebaneseparlia- IrishUNIFIL contingent protests to Israel ment,which prohibits 'Awn from political over continued SIA shelling of UNIFIL activitiesor attemptingto return from Leba- troopsin Bra'shit,one ofseveral villages sub- non. Amnestydoes not includeimmunity jected to recent SLA attacks.(HaAretz 9/2 in fromcharges 'Awn embezzled $31 million. FBIS 9/3) (WP 8/30;MEM 8/29) Israeli armyextends closure of Bir Zeit Aftermeeting in Libya, PLO Chmn. Universityfor additional three months. (Qol Arafat,Syrian vice pres. 'Abd al-Halim Yisra'el9/1 in FBIS 9/6) Khaddam,agree to form joint PLO-Syrian co- ordinatingcommittee to beginmeeting in earlySeptember. (Radio Monte Carlo 8/30 in 2 SEPTEMBER FBIS 9/3;AFP 8/30in FBIS9/3) Amalleader Nabih Birri declares Israeli ScheduledPLO-Palestinian National Sal- airmancaptured in Lebanonin 1986 was vation Front (PNSF) meeting in Sanaa, transferredto Iranian Revolutionary Guards Yemen,postponed. (Radio Monte Carlo 9/2, in 1988for $500,000 and is nowbeing held in FBIS9/3) in Iran. Hizbullahsources claim, however, Egyptissues memorandum refuting state- thatthe airman is beingheld by Revolution- mentscontained in recentlyissued Jordanian aryGuards near Ba'lbak,Lebanon. (MEM "whitepaper" which sought to explainJor- 8/29) dan'sposition in theGulf crisis. Egypt claims nine distortionsare containedin Jordanian document.(MENA 9/2 in FBIS 9/3) 30 AUGUST Atend of Israeli PM Shamir's visit to Bul- 3 SEPTEMBER garia,Bulgarian PM stateshis countryhas endedarms transfers to PLO, thatPLO has PNSF ChairmanKhalid al-Fahum states no diplomaticstatus in Bulgaria. (MEM organizationdid not attend 9/2 meeting with 8/30) PLO in Sanaa becauseit had notreceived a FormerAmal chiefof securitydenies responsefrom Chmn. Arafat to a PNSF de- 8/29 reportthat Amal sold Israeliprisoner mand thatany meetinginclude all PNSF to IranianRevolutionary Guards. (al-Safir groups,as wellas IslamicJihad and Islarnic 8/30in FBIS 9/5) ResistanceMovement (Hamas). (MEM 9/4)

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4 SEPTEMBER lot RonArad is in Lebanesehands and not beingheld in Iranas claimed8/29 by Nabil U.S. Secy.of StateBaker appeals to U9.S. Birri.(Radio Lebanon 9/6 in FBIS 9/9) Congress to delay considering request for loan guaranteesto Israel untilafter the proposedpeace conference. (NYT 9/5) 8 SEPTEMBER Israeli cabinet votes sharp increase in 1992 defense budget. Some Israeli officials PM Shamirstates U.S. has a "moralobli- statethat the 6% increasemight heighten the gation"to provideIsrael with loan guaran- difficultiesin obtaining U.S. loanguarantees. tees,that Israel would continue to buildset- Budgetwill also cut settlementbuilding in tlementsin the occupiedterritories. (NYT, 1992. Defenseministry pushed for increased WP 9/9) militarybudget while finance ministry sought PLO Ex. Comm.,Fateh Central Comm., cuts in def.spending to help balancethe and general-secretariesof other PLO groups budget.(MEM 8/29; NYT WP 9/5) meetin Tunisto prepare agenda for upcom- Israelipress notes24 SovietJewish fami- ing PNC meetingin Algiers.(Sawt al-Sha'b lies will moveto Qela', a settlementin Golan 8/9in FBIS 9/9) Heights,as partof a move to convertthe set- Israelisecurity forces kill Fatehactivist tlementfrom a paramilitarysettlement toa ci- MuhammadMukaskas, wound two others, viliantown. (Davar 9/4 in FBIS9/5) duringgun battlein Jenin.Mukaskas was thesecond Fateh official recently killed whom Israeliforces had longbeen seeking to arrest. (MEM9/10) 5 SEPTEMBER

Chairmanof the U.S. congressionalcom- 9 SEPTEMBER mitteewhich oversees U.S. foreignaid indicates he will delayconsidering legislation Chmn.Arafat reportedly indicates willing- whichincludes the proposed $10 billionin nessto holdPLO-PNSF talks. PNSF begins loan guaranteesto Israel. (NYT, WP 9/6) meetingin Damascus,supports such talks. (al-Sharqal-Awsat 9/10 in FBIS 9/12)

6 SEPTEMBER 10 SEPTEMBER Pres. Bush asks Congress to delay con- sideringIsraeli loan guarantee request for Pres.Bush tells U.S. congressionalleaders 120 days. Ignoringthe pleas of the U.S. ad- thatif they accept his request to postpone dis- ministration,Israel formallysubmits its re- cussionof Israel'srequest for loan guaran- quest. Requeststates Israel expects to settle teesuntil January, he willnot seek any addi- onemillion immigrants during next five years tionaldelays in respondingto the request. and reiteratesclaim that none of themoney Bushalso sendssix-point pledge to Congress guaranteedwill be spentin the o.t. (NYT promisingto payfor any additional costs in- 9/7;Israel Television 9/7 in FBIS,9/9) curredby Israel as a resultof the four-month In Khartoum,Chmn. Arafatmeets with delay.However, Bush refuses to giveassur- Hamas representativesfor the firsttime. ancesthat he willsupport the request when it Talksfocus on conditionsset by Hamas for its is discussedin January.(NYT, WP, MEM attendanceat upcomingmeeting of PNC. 9/11) (MENA9/8 in FBIS9/9) PNSF leaderKhalid al-Fahum confirms PLO executivecommittee holds meeting. thatChmn. Arafat agreed to holdPLO-PNSF (SanaaVoice of Palestine 9/8 in FBIS 9/9) dialogueto discussparticipation of PNSF Israeli securityforces kill Ahmad Akmil, groupsin upcomingPNC meeting.(Radio reportedlya high Fateh official in theWest MonteCarlo 9/10 in FBIS 9/11) Bank,after an eight-monthsearch for him. Hamas spokesmanIbrahim Grawsha (MEM9/9) statesthat PLO-Hamas talks in Khartoum France calls on exiled Lebanese gen. failed[see 9/61,Hamas will not attendup- Michel'Awn to halt his calls for the Lebanese comingPNC meeting.Notes that, barring peopleto overthrowthe government of Pres. elections,Hamas members should constitute Ilyasal-Hirawi and fighta warof liberation 40% ofPNC members.(MENA 9/10 in FBIS againstSyrian forces. (NYT 9/7) 9/11) Amalleader in Lebanonstates Israeli pi- PLO delegationheaded by Nabil Sha'th

This content downloaded from 66.134.128.11 on Tue, 03 Mar 2015 18:13:14 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 172 JOURNALOF PALESTINESTUDIES meetswith Jordanian officials in Ammanto whosereturn was part of the DFLP-Israeli ex- discuss possibility of joint Palestinian- change.(NYT 9/13; Qol Yisra'el9/13 in FBIS Jordaniandelegation to proposedpeace con- 9/13) ference.(Jordan Times 9/11 in FBIS 9/11) Pres.Bush threatensto veto proposed European Parliament passes resolution legislationwhich includes loan guarantees to callingon theEuropean Commission to in- Israelif Congress passes the legislation over vestigate"discriminatory" Israeli economic his pleas to postponethe vote. (NYT 9/13, practicesdirected against Palestinians in the see doc. D1) o.t.,encourages increased trade between Eu- Poll of Palestiniansin o.t. conductedby rope and o.t. (MEM 9/10) al-Bayadiral-Siyasi Press Foundation during Lawyerfor convictedAmerican spy firstweek of September indicates 48.6% want JonathanPollard tells U.S. courtof appeals PNC to approveparticipation in proposed thatPollard should be allowedto withdraw peace conference;46.7% opposedparticipa- hisguilty plea, made in 1987,because federal tionand 4.7% had no opinion.(al-Sha'b [Je- prosecutorsallegedly broke their promise not rusalem]9/12 in FBIS9/181 to ask the courtfor a lifesentence. (WP During"national congress" in Ammanof 9/11) DFLP memberssupporting dissident leader- shipof Yasir 'Abd Rabbuh, 'Abd Rabbuh announces failureof mediationefforts be- 11 SEPTEMBER tweenhis factionand thatloyal to long-time DFLP leaderNayif Hawatma, including ef- Afterreceiving proof that Rachamim Al- fortsmade by Chmn.Arafat and PFLP Gen. Sheikhand YossiFink, two of the 7 missing Secy.George Habash. 'Abd Rabbuhnotes Israelisoldiers in Lebanon,are definitelythat his group will retain the name DFLP but dead, Israel frees 51 Lebanese prisoners willabandon Marxism-Leninism andconcept fromKhiyam prison in the "securityzone" of"democratic centralism," and indicates his andreturns the bodies of 9 Hizbullahfighters group's willingness to acceptproposed peace who died in Israel. Releasecomes as U.N. conference. Secy.Gen. de Cuellarmeets with Iranian offi- Hawatmawing, which has criticizedre- cialsin Tehranabout the proposed compre- centpeace initiatives,denounces 'Abd Rab- hensive prisoner-hostage release. (LAT buh factionas "deviationist"(al-Ra'i 9/13 in 9/12) FBIS9/17) During meetingof Arab League foreign Israelicourt in Ramlaconvicts peace ac- ministers,Syrian FM al-Sharaastates com- tivistAbie Nathan of meeting with PLO offi- mitteeformed comprising Syria, Egypt, Jor- cials,upon Nathan's admission that he held dan, Lebanon,and Palestineto coordinate two meetingswith Chmn. Arafat. (Qol standson Palestinianquestion, Arab-Israel Yisra'el9/12 in FBIS 9/18) conflict.(MENA 9/11 in FBIS9/12) U.S. StateDepartment declares 9/11 Mid- Middle East Watch,a divisionof the New dle East Watch reporton human rights York-basedorganization Human Rights abuses in Kuwaitwas "too harsh." (MEM Watch,issues report documenting human 9/12) rightsabuses in Kuwait since its liberation fromIraqi forces. Report condemns U.S. for not doingmore to haltthe abuses. (MEM 13 SEPTEMBER 9/11) Palestinianfighters in boatsare forcedto land at Naqurainside Israel's Lebanese "se- 12 SEPTEMBER curityzone," by Israelinaval patrolboats. The guerrillastake several UNIFIL soldiers As signsof breakthrough in prisoner-hos- hostage. One guerrilla,one SwedishUNFIL tagenegotiations, Hawatma wing of the DFLP soldier,five other UN troopswounded in turnsover body of SamirAsad, an Israeli subsequentclash, which UN states was Druzesoldier captured in Lebanonand alleg- startedwhen SLA troopsopened fire during edlykilled in an Israeliair raid on Palestinian negotiationsto free the hostages. (NYT positions,to Red Cross in Vienna,whereupon 9/14) itwas flown to Israel.Also on theplane was One ofcaptured fighters claim group be- DFLP official 'Ali 'Abdullah Muhammad longed to Fateh. (Qol Yisra'el9/14 in FBIS Abu Hilal, deportedfrom o.t. in 1986 and 9/18)

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14 SEPTEMBER 17 SEPTEMBER

OneIsraeli soldier killed in ambushnear PM Shamir,Secy. of StateBaker fail to Jenin.Troops kill BuraqSalih al-Masriin reachcomprQmise on loan guaranteesissue. Nablus.(NYT 9/16) Bakerre-states U.S. offerto compensate Israel One NepaleseUN soldierkilled, second forlosses incurred during the 120-day delay, woundednear Yatir, S. Lebanon,during gun but refusesany compromisesbeyond that. battle.One guerrillakilled. (WP 9/15) Journaliststraveling with Baker as he fliesto Cairoreport he statesthat eventual decision to grantaid wouldbe conditionedupon halt to settlementbuilding. (NYT, WP 9/18, 15 SEPTEMBER 9/19) Palestiniansare given a letterfrom Baker The battlebetween Pres. Bush,Israeli byU.S. officialsstating U.S. willagree to list- government,becomes more personal when ingquestion of Jerusalem on agendaof peace Israelcabinet mbr. Rehavam Ze'evi calls Bush conference,U.S. supportfor Palestinians' "closeto being an anti-Semite."(NYT 9/16) rightto nametheir conference delegates, but DFLPsplit deepens as supportersofYasir adds that U.S. prefersjoint Palestinian- 'AbdRabbuh announce recent "national con- Jordaniandelegation. Negotiator Faisal Hus- gress"voted him general secretary. Both the seiniflies to London to convey contents of let- 'AbdRabbuh and Hawatmafactions use the terto PLO officials.(Radio Monte Carlo 9/17 name DFLP. (Sawtal-Sha'b 9/16 in FBIS in FBIS 9/18;MEM 9/17) 9/17) PNSF issues statementclaiming PLO LebaneseFM FarisBouez meets with Ira- neverresponded to PNSF proposalfor PLO- nianFM 'AliAkbar Velayati in Tehran,urges PNSF dialogue [See 9/101.PNSF expresses Iraniancooperation in disarmingof Hizbul- regretthat PNC meeting will therefore beheld lah militia,withdrawal of IranianRevolu- beforeagreement could be madefor including tionaryGuards in Lebanon. Velayatiindi- PNSFgroups, which will not attend. (al-Dus- cated Iran feltthat the groups'presence tur9/19 in FBIS 9/20) assistedthe anti-Israeliresistance, without Pressreports indicate recent Arab League whichIsrael could never be drivenfrom S. meetingdecided to end Arab boycott of com- Lebanon.The Lebanesegovernment has is- paniesdealing with Israel if such companies sued an Octoberdeadline for Hizbullah to establishindustries in Arab countrieson surrenderits arms. (NYT 9/16) sametechnical level as thosethey maintain in Israel. Decisionstipulated companies wish- ingto complymust submit detailed plans of proposedproject, must not support Zionism, 16 SEPTEMBER and cannothave factories in Israelproducing goodsrelated to Israelimilitary. U.S. Secy.of StateBaker meets with PM ArabLeague took decision to boycottair- Shamirin Jerusalem,discusses loan guaran- lines,shipping companies, shipping agents tee controversy.Baker also deliversa draft whichfacilitate Jewish immigration toIsrael. letteroutlining U.S. "assurances"to Israel (MENA9/17 in FBIS 9/18) and the Palestiniansconcerning proposed peaceconference. Talks with Palestinians are inconclusive,and Baker suggests they travel to meethim in Ammanfor follow-up discus- 18 SEPTEMBER sions.(WP 9/17) Israelipeace movement Peace Now issues U.S. administrationdenies Secy. of State reportclaiming Israeli government has de- Bakerlinked future U.S. decisionto grant cidedto invest $50 millionin schemesto en- Israelloan guaranteeswith freeze of Israel courageIsraeli investment in o.t.,including settlementbuilding, stating reporters erred taxrelief, grants, and stateguarantees. One- whenreporting on Baker's9/17 meeting with fourthof funds would go forbuilding facto- PM Shamir,but denial does littleto assuage ries,remainder on labor-intensiveprojects. Israelileaders, who were angered by the com- (MEM9/17) ment.(WP 9/19) Housingmin. Ariel Sharon states 15,780 Afterarriving in Damascus,Baker is homeshave been builtin o.t. since April warnedby Syrian FM al-Sharaa that U.S. loan 1990,the first time Sharon has announced guaranteesto Israelwould affect Arabs' atti- sucha figureas housingminister. tudetoward peace process. Baker also deliv-

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ersdraft U.S. assuranceson thepeace confer- aboutalleged meetings he heldwith PLO offi- ence, includingpledge to Syriathat U.S. cialsin London[see 8/161. Police had earlier considersUN resolutionscalling for Israeli interrogatedFaisal Husseini, Hanan Ashrawi withdrawalfrom the o.t. applied to "all [see8/261. (IDF Radio9/19 in FBIS 9/23) fronts,"including the Golan Heights. (WP, Bakertravels to Jordanto deliverU.S. MEM 9/19) "letterof assurances"to Jordanianleaders. Informedsources indicate secret U.S.- PM Taheral-Masri states preliminary reading PLO talkscarried out in Ammanby PLO indicatesthat the letter is satisfactory.(al-Ra'i Exec. Comm.Mbr. Mahmud'Abbas (Abu 9/21 in FBIS 9/24; MEM 9/20) Mazin)and threeofficials from U.S. statedepartment.Talks reportedly centered on Pal- estinianparticipation in peace talks. Ameri- 20 SEPTEMBER cans reportedlytell 'Abbasthat U.S. hopes PNC meetingin Algierswill allow Chmn. Hanan Ashrawitravels to Ammanto Arafatto authorize such participation and that meetwith Secy. of StateBaker after Chmn. Palestinians'only chance for representation is Arafatchanges his mindand instructsher to as partof a jointPalestinian-Jordanian dele- meetwith Baker in an attemptto narrowdif- gation.(MEM 9/23) ferencesbetween the two sides. Ashrawire- In Amman,PNC Speaker Shaykh 'Abd al- portsprogress, but not agreement.(MEM Hamidal-Sa'ih states Israel has a UN rejected 9/20) requestto allowPNC delegatesliving in o.t. Bakerlater travels to Syriato deliverU.S. permissionto travel to Algiers to attend PNC "letterof assurances"to Syrianpres. al- meeting.PLO had earlier UN requested Asad. Followinga shortvisit, he returnsto assistance in arrangingIsraeli permission. U.S. afterhaving failed to obtainfinal confir- (RadioJordan 9/18 in FBIS 9/18) mationfrom Israel, Jordan, Syria, and the Al-Sa'ihalso announcesthat PNC mem- Palestiniansthat they would attend the pro- bers EdwardW. Said and IbrahimAbu- univer- posedpeace conference. Each partyhas ob- Lughod,both professors at American jectedto portionsof the U.S. "letterof assur- sities,have resigned from PNC forpersonal to it recent in FBIS ances" delivered duringBaker's reasons.(Radio MonteCarlo 9/18 tripto region. Baker threatens to issueinvita- 9/19) tionsto the conferenceto forceparties to U.S. DefenseSecy. Richard Cheney signs final 10-yearU.S.-Kuwaiti defense agreement makea decision. (NYT 9/21,Syrian withKuwaiti Def. Min. Shaykh 'Ali al-Sabah ArabRepublic Radio 9/20 in FBIS 9/23) in NayifHawatma, head of one faction of the Washington.(MEM 9/20) DFLP, states that "bureaucratic,high- handed"machinations have blocked attempts SEPTEMBER towarda recompositionof PNC, whichwill 19 be composedof "old characters"who have lostany influence with the Palestinian people. IsraelFM Levyrefuses to acceptany U.S. his links demandfor freeze in Hawatmaclaims others share view, settlementbuilding recentresignations by several PNC in- priorto negotiationswith Palestinians in o.t., over PNC whichwould only take place dependentswith dissatisfaction aftera three- MonteCarlo yeartransitional period of Palestinianself- composition[see 9/181.(Radio rule. 9/20 in FBIS 9/23; MENA 9/21) (WP 9/20) Knessetfinance committee Palestiniannegotiators Faisal Husseini, approvesplan Hanan to spend15 millionshekels in development Ashrawi,Zakariya al-Agha, refuse fundsin territories. Baker's9/16 invitation to travelto Jordan for occupied (MEM 9/23) talks. The Palestinianswere reportedly or- deredby PLO notto meetwith Baker out of thePLO's dissatisfactionwith U.S. "assur- 21 SEPTEMBER ances" deliveredto themby Bakerwhile in Jerusalem.(NYT 9/20; RadioMonte Carlo In wakeof PLO refusalto treatthe Yasir 9/19in FBIS 9/20) 'AbdRabbuh faction of the DFLP as a sepa- Clandestineal-Quds Palestinian Arab Ra- rategroup with no affiliationwith the DFLP, dio announcesIslamic Jihad Movement has longtimeDFLP leaderNayif Hawatma states issuedstatement declaring it will notattend his factionof the DFLP willnot attend PNC upcomingPNC meeting.(al-Quds Palestin- meetingunless PLO adopts"clear" positions ian ArabRadio 9/19 in FBIS 9/20) on importantmatters. (Jordan Times 9/22 in Israelipolice question Zakariya al-Agha FBIS 9/23)

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22 SEPTEMBER 24 SEPTEMBER

Israeliforces kill three fighters in theMt. British hostage Jack Mann released by Hermonarea of the Golan Heights, claim the RevolutionaryJustice Organization in Beirut menwere from the Hawatma faction of the amid indicationsthat pace of comprehensive DFLP. (Qol Yisra'el9/23 in FBIS 9/24) hostage-prisonerexchange may be quicken- ing. (NYT 9/25) Soviet FM Boris Pankin repeats Pres. Bush's 9/23 call forUN GeneralAssembly to repeal "Zionism-racism"resolution. (NYT 23 SEPTEMBER 9/25) PFLP Gen. Secy. George Habash and PalestineNational Council meeting be- NayifHawatma, lead attackon conditionsof ginsin Algiers.Chmn. Arafat, calling meet- participation in peace conferenceat PNC inga "decisivepoint in thehistory of the Pal- meetingand are poised to stop Fateh's strat- estiniancause,' assertsPLO willingnessto egy of having the PNC avoid deciding on cooperatewith moves to holdpeace confer- whetheror not to attendbut instead leaving ence, but withoutsubmitting to Israeli the decisionto the PLO Exec. Comm. (MEM "blackmail."Following recent failures to 9/24, Radio MonteCarlo 9/24 in FBIS 9/25) agreeon proposednew formulasfor PNC At a ceremonydedicating Tzur Yigal, a composition,neither Hamas norconstituent new Israeli town being built in Israel just groupsof the PNSF are in attendance.PNSF across the "green line" separating Israel Chmri.Khalid al-Fahum denounces "authori- proper fromthe West Bank, Israeli health taijan,irresponsible manner" in whichcom- min. Ehud Olmert declares that the border positionof PNC was decided,states present betweenthe two areas is "dead." compositiondoes not representall factions. The town is being built as part of the NayifHawatma attends the meeting despite "seven stars"project designed some twoyears 9/21statement. ago which aimed to build seven new towns PNC reelectsShaykh 'Abd al-Hamidal- on Israeli side of the "green line" which Sa'ih chairmanof PNC afterhis nomination would eventuallyspread into the West Bank, by Chmn.Arafat, despite al-Sa'ih's earlier effectivelyerasing the border. statementsthat he wouldnot seek reelection. PrimeMin. Shamirlater told Israelitelevi- PNC also approvesexpansion of PLO execu- sion that "the 'green line' doesn't exist." tive committeefrom 15 to 18 members. (NYT, WP 9/25) (MEM, NYT 9/24; Radio AlgiersNetwork In New York, Lebanese pres. Ilyas al- 9/23,al-Quds Palestinian Arab Radio 9/23 in Hirawi, Prime Min. 'Umar Karami, Speaker FBIS9/24) of the House of RepresentativesHussein al- In Jerusalem,24 Knessetmembers from Husseini meet with Pres. Bush to discuss Labor,Mapam, Ratz, and Shinuiissue state- Lebanese demandthat Israel withdrawal from menturging PNC to authorizePalestinian S. Lebanon, as called for in UN Security participationin peacetalks. (MEM 9/23) will In Council Resolution425, be treatedsepa- Jeiusalem,prominent figures from o.t. rately from question of Israeli withdrawal holdpress conference calling on UN topres- fromArab territoriesit occupied in 1967. In sureIsrael into allowing residents of the terri- commentsto the press shortlybefore meeting torieswho are members of the PNC to attend with al-Hirawi,Bush statesU.S. cannot uni- meeting.(Qol Yisra'el9/23 in FBIS 9/24) laterallypressure Israel to withdraw. (MEM In in leafletissued o.t.,Hamas denounces 9/25) PNC as "conferenceto sell Palestine."(al- Ribat9/24 in FBIS 10/17) Pres.Bush addresses UN generalassembly,calls for repeal of General Assembly Res- 25 SEPTEMBER olution3379, adopted in 1975,which calls Zionisma formof racism. Move seen as at- NegotiatorsFaisal Husseini and Hanan temptto improveU.S.-Israeli relations in Ashrawi reportedlyattend session of PNC wakeof public dispute over U.S. loanguaran- politicalcommittee which had been closed to teessought by Israel. (NYT, WP 9/24) thepress to urgePNC authorizationof Pales- Israelitroops kill three fighters identified tinian participationin peace conference.Is- as belongingto DFLP (Hawatmafaction) raeli governmentreportedly knew of their whowere trying to infiltrate Israel from Syr- plans to attendand tacitlyapproved as long ian front.(NYT 24/9) as theywere not photographedat the meet-

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ing. (MEM 9/26,9/27, 10/2; Tunisian Re- PLO's rightto appointdelegates (see doc. publicRadio Network 9/26 in FBIS 9/26) B1). Gun battlebetween Israeli undercover PNC also acceptsresignation of Muham- forcesand Palestinianmilitants of theBlack mad 'Abbas (Abu al-'Abbas),leader of the Pantherorganization (associated with Fateh) PalestineLiberation Front, from PLO execu- eastof Jeninleaves three Palestinians dead, tivecommittee. Speaking to a pressconfer- fourcaptured. (MEM 9/26) ence,Chmn. Arafat states PLO has nowcom- pliedwith U.S. demandsfor resumption of U.S.-PLOdialogue, begun in late 1988 and 26 SEPTEMBER suspendedby Pres. Bush in wakeof a foiled June1990 PLF attackon Israel.(NYT 9/29) PLO denies attendanceof Faisal Hus- NewPLO Exec. Comm.membership an- seini,Hanan Ashrawi at PNC Meetingin Al- nounced(see doc. B2). giers,a claimrepeated by Ashrawifrom her hotelin London.(MEM 9/27) SyrianFM al-Sharaatells Secy. of State 30 SEPTEMBER Bakerthat Syria will notparticipate in talks on regionalissues whichwill followthe U.S. StateDepartment indicates U.S. is openingsessions of a proposedpeace confer- notconsidering renewing U.S.-PLO dialogue enceunless Israel withdraws from the Golan brokenoff in June 1990 despite resignation of Heights.(NYT 10/11) PLF leaderMuhammad 'Abbas (Abu 'Abbas) BassamAbu Sharif, spokesman for Chmn. fromPLO Exec. Comm.[see 9/281.(MEM Arafat,indicates Saudi Arabia will free funds 10/1) earnedby 5% tax imposedon Palestinians PalestinianNational Salvation Front is- workingin Saudi Arabia.Saudi Arabia had sues statementstating PNC does not repre- frozenthe funds as a resultof PLO's stance in sent all factionsof the Palestinianpeople, Gulfwar. (AFP 9/26in FBIS 9/27) condemnsPNC resolutionsgiving PLO Exec. Israeli armyannounces arrest of 463 Comm.power to decide Palestinian participa- PFLP activistsover the past severalweeks. tion in peace talks. (al-Quds Palestinian Israelitelevision calls it thelargest campaign ArabRadio 10/1 in FBIS 10/2) of arrestsever mounted against PFLP in o.t. (MEM9/27) 1 OCTOBER

27 SEPTEMBER Addressingorganizers of a Palestiniansol- idarityconference to be hostedby Tehran PNC authorizesPLO Exec. Comm. to later in the month,Iranian pres. 'Ali "continueits currentefforts to achievethe Khamane'irejects PNC decision,reaffirms best conditionsthat can ensuresuccess for that Israel must be "obliterated."(MEM the peace processin accordancewith PNC 10/1) resolutions."(MEM 9/30) Israelitransport min. Moshe Katzav an- U.S. Senateapproves amendment to legis- nouncesplans to improveroad system of E. lationauthorizing U.S. defensespending to Jerusalem,including building of a beltway prohibitdepartment from signing contracts aroundthe city. Katzav notes that "our hold withcompanies honoring Arab League boy- on Jerusalemis strong."(MEM 10/2) cottof Israel, companies doing business with Israel. However,legislation allows secy. of defenseto waive the prohibition ifhe feelsthe 2 OCTOBER U.S. mustcontract with a countryhonoring theboycott in orderto facilitate important na- U.S. Senate formallyagrees to Pres. tionalsecurity concerns. Vote comes in wake Bush'srequest for 120-day postponement in ofrecent change in ArabLeague policy con- consideringIsrael's request for $10 billionin cerningboycotts [see 9/17]. (MEM 9/30) U.S. loan guarantees.(NYT 10/3; MEM 10/4) Leaderof Israeli-backedSouth Lebanon 28 SEPTEMBER ArmyGen. Antoine Lahd declares he willnot allowany more prisoners to be releasedfrom PNC meetingin Algiersends after issuing Khiyamprison in theIsraeli "security zone" statementoutlining PLO conditionsfor Pales- untilhe receivesinformation on the fate of six tinianparticipation in peace talks,including missingSLA soldiers.(NYT 10/3)

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First direct USSR-Israel flightarrives in 4 OCTOBER Israel with eight passengers,none of them Jewishimmigrants. Flights are carriedout by FourIsraeli F-15 fighterplanes fly on a Aerolicht,a subsidiaryof the SovietAeroflot reconnaissancemission over westernIraq. airlinesco-owned by Aeroflotand an Israeli Iraqiofficials claim the planes entered from businessman. (MEM 10/2; Qol Yisra'el10/2 Syrianairspace and leftover Saudi airspace. in FBIS 10/3) U.S. stronglyprotested the action. One U.S. Lebanese Pres.al-Hirawi states 9/24 talks officialclaimed the planes traveled over Jor- betweenhim and otherLebanese government dan,not Syria and SaudiArabia. Israeli offi- officialsand Pres.Bush succeededin convinc- cials claimU.S. is notproviding enough in- ing U.S. to amend its draft"letter of assur- formationon Iraqimissile sites in Iraq,that ances" to Lebanon to include statementthat Israel mustgather such informationitself. UN SecurityCouncil Resolution425 (calling (NYT,WP 10/9;WP 10/10) forIsraeli withdrawal from S. Lebanon) is not Israelinewspaper Qol Ha'ir reportsSharon linked with other resolutionscalling for Is- and the militantreligious Ateret Cohanim raeli withdrawalfrom territories occupied in movementhave prepared a plan to establish 1967. (MEM 10/2) 26 "settlementpoints" withinPalestinian neighborhoodsin the Jerusalem area, including 200 housingunits in Silwanon eastern 3 OCTOBER outskirtsof East Jerusalem (HaAretz 10/4 in FBIS 10/4) Israeli defenseministry announces Israel Settlersfrom Golan present PM Shamira will controlexport of anti-ballisticmissile five-yearplan for increased Israeli settlement technologyin responseto pressurefrom the on theGolan Heights. The planscall forex- U.S., whichreportedly included threat to stop pendituresof $200 millionin roads,infra- acceptingIsraeli bids for U.S. defensecon- structure,and forincreasing number of set- tracts.U.S. is pushingfor Israeli compliance tlersfrom present figure of 11,500to 40,000 withthe Conventionfor the Limitationof the withinfour years. Shamiraccepts plan by Spread of Missile Technology,adopted in notingthere was "no shadowof doubt" about 1987 by the U.S. and otherindustrialized na- Israel'sfuture control of Golan. (MEM 10/4) tions. Israel has been pursuinga research Israelinewspaper HaAretz reports that programfor developing the Arrowanti-ballis- Israel,Germany have failed to reachan un- tic missile. Most of the fundingfor the pro- derstandingover Israel'srequest for DM10 gram has been provided by the U.S. (WP billionin creditto assistsettling Jewish im- 10/4) migrants.Among other reasons, Israel's re- PLO delegation led by Exec. Comm. questwas based upon the fact that the former Mbrs. Mahmud 'Abbas, Yasir 'Abd Rabbuh, EastGermany never paid reparations toIsrael 'Abdullahal-Hawrani, and Sulaymanal-Naj- as did West Germany[see 8/28].(HaAretz jab arrivesin Ammanto briefJordanian offi- 10/4in FBIS 10/8) cials on decisionsof PNC and discuss forma- tion of a joint delegation. Jordanians participatingin the talksinclude PM Tahiral- Masri,FM Kamil Abu Jaber,Royal Political 5 OCTOBER Advisor'Adnan Abu 'Awda. PLO is demandingright to name Palestin- KingHussein meets with PLO delegation ian delegatesto the joint delegation,and is to discussformation of joint Palestinian- pushingfor adoption of a joint negotiating Jordaniandelegation to peace conference. point demandingend to Israeli settlement (Petra10/5 in FBIS 10/7) buildingin o.t. Jordanhad previouslyindi- cated it would accept PLO appointmentof Palestinians to joint delegation and that 6 OCTOBER Palestinianscould addresstheir own issues at peace conference. (Radio Jordan 10/4 in Israelicourt sentences peace activist Abie FBIS 10/4;Jordan Times 10/5 in FBIS 10/9) Nathanto 18 monthsimprisonment formeet- Morethan 100 AmericanJewish leaders, ingwith Chmn. Arafat in Tunisin July.A partof ProjectNishma, call on Israel to stop 1986 Israelilaw bars Israelisfrom meeting settlingJews in o.t. (MEM 10/3, 10/4) withthe PLO. (NYT 10/7) As Palestiniannegotiators Faisal Husseini and HananAshrawi return to Israelfrom Eu- rope,they are told they must face police ques-

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tioningabout whether or notthey met with notviolated any laws, and assertedtheir right PLO officialsin Algierswhile abroad. The torefuse to answer further questions. Security tworeportedly attended the PNC. (NYT 10/7; forcesdo not confiscatetheir passports, but WP 10/11) requireeach to posta bondof 5,000shekels PLO, Jordaniannegotiators meeting in toensure that they will report for questioning Ammanreach agreementon formationof at anytime in thefuture. U.S. statedepart- jointdelegation to peace conference,but do menthad earlierrequested that Israel not notreach stage of namingdelegates. (MEM prosecutethe two for fear it wouldcompli- 10/7;al-Dustur 10/7 in FBIS 10/9) cate Secy. of StateBaker's peace mission. Israeli undercoverforces kill Khalid (Qol Yisra'el10/8 in FBIS 10/9;MEM, NYT Hasan Rayyan,a wantedactivist, in Balata 10/9;AFP 10/9in FBIS 10/10) refugeecamp. (MEM 10/7) PM Shamirclaims U.S. promisedthat it Forfirst time in severalyears, long-range wouldnot issue invitations to peace confer- Israeliartillery fires on S. lIebanesecity of ence withouthaving first reached agreement Tyrein responseto rocketsfired into "secur- withIsrael. (MEM 10/9) ityzone." (MEM 10/9) On thefirst anniversary ofthe violence at the Haramal-Sharif, tens of thousandsof Palestinianswho commute from o.t. to jobs in 7 OCTOBER Israelobserve a generalstrike called by the UnifiedNational Command of theUprising AddressingKnesset, PM Shamirdeclares and refuseto travelto work. Pres.Bush's stance on loan guaranteescon- Israelisecurity forces maintained the ban stitutesan attackon the"deepest foundations on Palestiniansfrom the o.t. entering Jerusa- of Jewish and Zionist consciousness." lemwhich had been imposed10/7 in order Shamiralso insiststhat Israel approve Pales- to forestallany violence. (AFP 10/8in FBIS tiniandelegates to peace conferenceand 10/9) statesIsrael will not negotiate with any Pales- Israelidaily newspaper Yedi'ot Aharonot tinianwho announcesaffiliation with PLO publishesreport taken fromthe Russian whileat the conference.(WP, MEM 10/8; weeklyRossiya, associatedwith reformist see doc. C1) presidentof theRussian republic Boris Yelt- Israelisecurity forces impose a ban on sin,which claims that the Israeli New Com- travelto Jerusalem for residents of the o.t. in munistList (Raqah) has been receivinga an attemptto forestall violence on 8 October, $600,000per annum subsidy from the Soviet firstanniversary of the 1990 disturbances KGB. Rossiyaobtained the figure from a 1987 on theHaram al-Sharif which left 18 Pales- documentrecently seized from the headquar- tiniansdead. (AFP 10/8,in FBIS 10/9) tersof the Soviet communist party in Moscow The new Israelivoluntary society Sikuy whichlisted the amount of moneygiven by ("Chance")issues report indicating that 46% the KGB to communistparties around the of Palestinianfamilies in Israellive below world. (Yedi'otAharonot 10/8 in FBIS 10/9) thepoverty line, compared to 8% ofJewish Islamicresistance in S. Lebanonclaims it families.Palestinian academics hold only 10 explodeda roadsidebomb as an Israelipatrol of some 5,000 academicpositions in Israel passedon theRummana-Safi road. Israeliar- whileonly 17 of 1,310 seniorpositions in tilleryshells several villages, including Haris, governmentare filled by Palestinians. (Davar Haddatha,suburbs of Nabatiyya. South Leba- 10/8,in FBIS 10/9) nonArmy announces it will attack any person UndercoverIsraeli agents kill Palestinian movingin or nearvillages of AytaZut and youth,'Imad 'Abdullah 'Atiq, in Burkinvil- Haddatha,Shi'ite villages lying north of "se- lagenear Jenin. (MEM 10/7) curityzone." (MEM 10/9) TurkishPres. Turgut Ozal announcesthat proposedconference on MiddleEast water resourcesscheduled to meet3-9 November 9 OCTOBER in Turkeywill be postponed[see 8/161. (WP 10/8) Hundredsof Jewish settlers invade Silwan,on outskiitsof EastJerusalem, and occupyeight Palestinian homes they claim 8 OCTOBER werebought or leasedfrom the government butoccupied by Palestinians.Occupation of Israeli police questionFaisal Husseini, thehomes was plannedby Housing Minister HananAshrawi about alleged meeting with ArielSharon, and severalright-wing Knesset PLO officialsin Algiers.Both stated they had members,including Michael Eytan, Yuval

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Ne'eman,and Ge'ulaCohen, joined the set- 12 OCTOBER tlersin a movesome openly stated was an attemptto bringdown the government of PM KingHussein, addressing a national con- Shamirand disruptU.S. effortsto convenea gressin Amman,calls on Jordaniansto "bury peaceconference [see 10/4]. senselessillusions" and "facereality" by sup- Policeevacuate most of the homes,but portingJordan's decision to participatein PM Shamirtells settlers they can controlone thepeace conference. (WP 10/13) of them.Shamir calls settlers'action "un- Pres.al-Asad meets with Pres, Mubarak necessary"and takes no action against in Egypt to discuss peace conference. Sharon. (MEM 10/9; WP 10/10, 10/14) (MENA10/12 in FBIS 10/16) Sharonannounces he willchallenge PM PopeJohn Paul II callson Israelto "make Shamirfor the Likud party's nomination for it easier"for the Vatican to establishdiplo- primeminister in 1992. (WP 10/11) matic ties with Israel. The Vaticanhas statedthat relations cannot be establishedun- til thePalestinian problem has been solved 10 OCTOBER andIsrael guarantees to protectJerusalem as a cityholy to Muslimsand Christiansas well Palestiniannegotiators Faisal Husseini, as Jews.(MEM 10/14) HananAshrawi, Zakariya al-Agha, Sari Nus- seibehmeet Secy. of State Baker in Washing- ton to discussPalestinian participation in 13 OCTOBER proposedpeace conference.(MEM, NYT 10/11) Jerusalemcity council condemns 10/9 in- For thefirst time, China admits that Is- vasion of several Palestinianhomes in raeli-Chinesemeetings took place in Beijing Silwan by Israeli settlersand right-wing betweenChinese officials and representativesKnesset members. (MEM 10/14) of Israel'sforeign ministry. Latter had been In Tunis,PLO Exec. Comm.approves invitedto Chinaby Israel'ssemi-official rep- principleof joint Palestinian-Jordanian del- resentativeoffice, and spokewith their Chi- egationto peace conference. PLO, Jordanian nesecounterparts while in thecountry. Israel officialshad earlier agreed to form a jointdel- also confirmsthat the meetingswere held. egation,not a unifieddelegation which in- (MEM 10/10; Qol Yisra'el 10/10 in FBIS cludedboth Jordanian and Palestiniandele- 10/11) gates[see 10/61.Exec. Comm.mbr. Yasir UN Secy.Gen. de Cuellarinforms Leba- 'Abd Rabbuhis dispatchedto Ammanfor nonthat Lebanese army cannot deploy in ar- moretalks with Jordanian officials. (al-Ra'i eas in S. Lebanoncontrolled by UNIFIL 10/14in FBIS 10/15) forces.Lebanese officials claim de Cuellar Secy.of StateBaker arrives in Cairo for had indicatedthe army would be allowedto eighthtrip to MiddleEast since Gulfwar. operatein UNIFILareas during talks between (MEM 10/14) Lebanese,UN officialsin Septemberin New Sovietairlines Aeroflot, Jewish Agency, York.(Radio Lebanon 10/10, 10/11; Voice sign agreementto establishdirect, regular ofLebanon 10/11 in FBIS 10/11) flightsof Soviet Jewish immigrants to Israel fromLeningrad and Moscow.Flights will be conductedby Aeroflotand El Al, theIsraeli 11 OCTOBER stateairline. (MEM 10/14)

Lebanesedaily al-Hayat publishes adver- tisementsigned by Hamas, IslamicJihad, 14 OCTOBER and severalgroups from the Palestinian Na- tionalSalvation Front, including PFLP-GC, Secy.of StateBaker ends talks with Pres. Fateh-Uprising(Abu Musa), Fateh-Revolu-Mubarak in Cairo,after which he fliesto Jor- tionaryCouncil (Abu Nidal), condemning dan fordiscussion with King Hussein about PLO foragreeing to participationin peace Palestinianparticipation in peace talks. At conference.(MEM 10/11) a pressconference in Amman,Baker indi- Two Israeli soldiers die, eleven are cates U.S. is seekingPalestinian delegates woundedwhen a WestBank man drivesa whowill not press for immediate Palestinian stolenvehicle into a groupof soldiers stand- statehoodin theo.t. but who would cooperate ing besidea roadin centralIsrael. (MEM in talksconcerning a limited period of Pales- 10/11) tinianself-rule, with negotiations on thefinal

This content downloaded from 66.134.128.11 on Tue, 03 Mar 2015 18:13:14 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 180 JOURNALOF PALESTINE STUDIES statusof theterritories to come later. (WP reachesagreement with Jordanian govern- 10/15) ment over compositionof joint Palestinian- A top-levelPLO delegation,headed by Jordaniandelegation underjoint leadership Exec. Comm. mbrs.Yasir 'Abd Rabbuh, of King Husseinand Chmn. Arafat.But Mahmud'Abbas, and Sulayman al-Najab, ar- Jordaniangovernment states it has discussed rivesin Amman.(WP 10/15) theissue not with the PLO but"people from theoccupied territories" in effort to stemIs- raeliobjections to PLO rolein choosingPal- 15 OCTOBER estiniandelegates. (MEM 10/16;WP 10/17) PLO Central Comm. meets in Tunis to Secy.of StateBaker travels to Syriafor discuss Palestinianparticipation in peace talkswith Pres. al-Asad.Israeli FM Leyy conference.(WP 10/17) statesU.S., Israelhave agreed on termsfor Clandestineal-Quds Palestinian Arab Ra- holdingpeace conference, which include the dio reportsstatement has beenissued in o.t. factthat the conferencewill not have any by PFLP-GC, Hamas, Fateh-Revolutionary powerto vote,make decisions,or enforce Council [Abu Nidal],Islamic Jihad,Mujahid sanctionsand U.S. pledgenot to prompt Islamic Trend, and Fateh-Uprising [Abu Israelto negotiate with the PLO. (WP 10/16) Musa]rejecting "conference of humiliation." Palestiniannegotiators Faisal Husseini, (al-Quds PalestinianArab Radio 10/16,in Hanan Ashrawi,Zakariya al-Agha travel to FBIS 10/17) Ammanto join PLO officials[arrived 10/14] Israelimilitary court sentences Shaykh and Jordanianofficials for discussions con- Aimad Yasin,founder of the Islamic Resist- cerningjoint delegation. (MEM 10/15) ance Movement(Hamas), to life imprison- Knessetno-confidence motion entered mentfor ordering the deathsof severalal- byLabor party fails, but Tehiya parliamentar- leged Palestiniancollaborators. Yasin was ians,part of the governing Likud government, arrested in May1989. (NYT 10/17) abstainfrom voting. (MEM 10/15) LebaneseVP Hasan Habibdenies recent pressreports that Iranian FM 'AliAkbar Ve- 17 OCTOBER layatiand Lebanese Pres. Ilyas al-Hirawi agreedlast monthin New Yorkto a with- PLO Central Comm. approvesformation drawal of Iranian RevolutionaryGuards of joint Palestinian-Jordaniandelegation. fromLebanon. (NYT 10/16) (RadioMonte Carlo, Tunisian Republic Radio 10/18in FBIS 10/18). Soviet FM Boris Pankin arrivesin Israel 16 OCTOBER fortalks with Israeli leadership, Palestinian negotiators,Secy. of State Baker. Visit is first SyrianFM Faruqal-Sharaa confirms Syria visitby Sovietforeign ministry since USSR will attendpeace conferencebut will not broke diplomaticrelations with Israel in participatein subsequenttalks on regionalis- 1967. (WP 10/19) sues unless Israel displayswillingness to IranianPres. Ayatollah'Ali Khamane'i withdrawfrom occupied Arab territories [see denouncespeace conference, calls upon Mus- 9/261.Al-Sharaa also states he willnot shake limsto participatein jihad to liberatePales- handswith Israeli delegates at conference. tine. (MEM 10/23) (MEM,WP 10/17) In Damascus, Presidentsal-Asad, al- Tunisia,Morocco indicate they will take Hirawico-chair first meeting of Syrian-Leba- partin peaceconference as observers.(MEM nese SupremeCouncil, set up by the May 10/17) 1991 Syrian-Lebanese Treaty of Brother- Secy.of StateBaker travels to Jerusalem,hood, Cooperation and Coordination to coor- holdsdiscussions with PM Shamir,Palestin- dinateaffairs of the two countries.(Syrian ian negotiators.Talks with Palestinians cen- ArabRepublic Radio 10/17 in FBIS 10/21) teredon Palestiniandelegation to peaceconference.Two sidescontinue to disagreeover Israelidemand that such a delegationnot in- 18 OCTOBER clude Palestiniansfrom East Jerusalem,a demandwhich Baker has urgedPalestinian In Jerusalem,Secy. of State Baker and So- negotiatorsto accede to in orderthat the vietFM BorisPankin jointly announce that Palestiniansnot be leftout of the peace pro- theirgovernments have extended invitations cess. (WP 10/17) to attenda Middle East peace conferenceto PLO delegationin Ammanreportedly be held30 Octoberin Madrid.Israel, Egypt,

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Lebanon,Jordan, Syria, and Palestinian nego- whichmay expedite the ongoing comprehen- tiatorswill attend the meeting, scheduled to sive prisoner-hostageexchange negotia- be opened by Pres. Bush and Pres. tions. (WP 10/20) Gorbachev. "InternationalConference in Supportof Firststage of processwill be a three-day theIslamic Revolution in Palestine"opens openingconference, followed by face-to-facein Tehranwith 800 delegatesfrom 60 coun- negotiationsamong the parties. A thirdstage triesin attendance.PNC Speaker'Abd al- of talks,dealing with regional issues, would HamidSa'ih, delegates from the main constit- includeother Middle Eastern countries. uentPLO groupsattend, as do representatives Announcementcomes in wakeof Baker's of Hamas,Islamic Jihad of Palestine[Fathi meetingswith PM Shamirand withPalestin- Shaqaqil,and groupswithin the Palestinian ian negotiators,who provideBaker with a National SalvationFront. Iranian pres. partiallist of Palestiniandelegates who will HashimiRafasanjani declares Iran is willing participatein a joint Palestinian-Jordanianto sendtroops to help establish a Palestinian delegationafter PLO CentralCommittee ap- state.(WP 10/20;MEM 10/21,10/23) provedPalestinian participation injoint delegation.But Israeli officials delay giving Baker a finalanswer regarding Israel's participation 20 OCTOBER becausethey were not shown the list of Pales- tinians. Israelicabinet approves PM Shamir'srec- Earlierin theday, Pankin and IsraeliFM ommendationto attendpeace conferenceby Levyannounced that Israel, USSR are restor- voteof 16 in favorto 3 opposed.Tehiya party ing full diplomaticrelations. The move announcesit will leave the governmenton culminatesfour years of improvedrelations, 10/30. TehiyaChmn. Yuval Ne'emande- whichbegan with the establishment of con- cidesto support the Likud-led coalition, how- sulatesin 1987 and the emigrationof over ever,and resigns as partychair [party later re- 300,000Soviet Jews to Israel. (MEM 10/18; versedits decision]. (MEM 10/21,10/31) WP 10/19) Chmn.Arafat arrives in Jordanfor talks withKing Hussein, who along with Arafat co- chairsa jointPalestinian-Jordanian commit- 19 OCTOBER teeoverseeing participation ofthe joint dele- gationat peaceconference. The two agree to Chmn.Arafat meets Pres. al-Asad in Da- givePLO a majorbut behind-the-scenes role mascus,the firsttime the two bitterrivals in conferenceprocess. (MEM 10/21,10/23) have met since 1983. The two reportedly U.S., Jordansign $22 millionmilitary agreethat the multilateral Arab-Israeli talks assistancepact. In March1991, U.S. Con- on regionalcooperation, envisaged as the gresshad blockeda requestfrom Bush ad- third-stageofthe peace process, would be fu- ministrationfor$55 millionin militaryaid to tileunless Israel agrees to withdraw from the Jordanto punishJordan for its stance in the o.t. (MEM 10/21) Gulfwar. Bushallowed resumption of eco- Asad had earliermet withSoviet FM nomicaid toJordan in July.(NYT 10/31) Pankin,while FM al-Sharaa received the U.S., Roadsidebomb near Kufr Rummana, in Sovietambassadors who issuedinvitation to the Israeli"security zone" in S. Lebanon, attendthe peace conference.Syria indicated kills three Israeli soldiers,wounds two itwould formally respond to theinvitation in others.(MEM 20/21) a fewdays' time. (WP 10/20) Palestiniannegotiator Faisal Husseini submitslist of 14 Palestiniandelegates to 21 OCTOBER peaceconference toU.S. consulin Jerusalem. (WP 10/20) Chmn.Arafat travels to Egypt,his first Jordanformally accepts the U.S.-Soviet tripto Egyptsince the deterioration of PLO- invitationto attendpeace conference.(WP Egyptianrelations during the Gulf crisis. 10/20) (MEM 10/21) Gulf CooperationCouncil Secy. Gen. At Tehranconference on Palestinianis- 'AbdullahBishara indicates he willhead GCC sue,PFLP-GC Gen. Secy. Ahmad Jibril states delegationto peace conference. (AFP 10/19 Palestiniandelegates to peace conference in FBIS 10/21) have"sentenced themselves to death."Argu- Israelreports it has receivedpositive in- mentsbreak out betweendelegates support- formationthat one of its five missing soldiers ing,opposing participation in peace confer- in Lebanon,Yossi Fink, is dead,in a move ence, includingverbal exchanges between

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anti-Arafatdelegates such as Sa'id Musa tiontax," had been frozen following the dete- Muragha(Abu Musa),head of Fateh-Upris-rioration of PLO-Saudirelations during the ing,and PLO representatives.(MEM 10/22) Gulfcrisis. Agreement was recentlyreached NationalCommittee of Heads of Local about resumingtransfers of the funds[see ArabCouncils, made up ofmayors of Pales- 9/26]. Some of the fundsalso came from tinian communitiesin Israel, votes unani- Saudi donationsto the Palestiniancause. mouslyto strike10/24 and stageprotest in (MEM 10/24) Jerusalemto drawattention to under-financ- Tehranconference on Palestineends, es- ingof Arab municipalities by Israeliauthori- tablishespermanent secretariat in Tehran. ties. Votecomes in wakeof increasedcalls (MEM 10/23,IRNA 10/23 in FBIS 10/24) foraction on the questionand strikesby Chmn.Arafat meets with Lebanese pres. Arabmunicipal workers demanding payment Ilyas al-Hirawiin Paris,their first meeting ofback wages [see 8/20]. (MEM 10/22) sinceal-Hirawi's election as president.Talks Israel releases 14 Lebanese prisoners focuson peaceconference, Lebanese-PLO re- heldin Khiyamprison, S. Lebanon.A 15th lations.(MEM 10/23) detaineewas releasedin Israeland returned Al-Hirawilater tells press conference that to Lebanon. IslamicJihad for Palestine in "not one shot"will be firedat Israelfrom turnreleases American hostage Jesse Turner. Lebanononce Israeliforces are withdrawn Turnerhad been heldcaptivie since January fromS. Lebanon.(MEM 10/23) 1987,and is thefourth Western hostage to be releasedsince the currentcomprehensive, multilateralprisoner-hostage negotiations be- 23 OCTOBER ganearlier this year. (MEM 10/21,10/22) Israelijets bombHizbullah headquarters PrimeMin. Shamir indicates he willhead inJibshit, S. Lebanon,in retaliationfor 10/20 Israeli delegationto the peace conference, deathsof three Israeli troops. (MEM 10/21) not FM David Levy. Invitationssent to the partiesby the U.S., USSR had calledfor talks atthe "ministerial level," a diplomaticphrase 22 OCTOBER usuallyinterpreted to meanparticipation by officialsholding rank of foreignminister or Faisal Husseinireleases names of the below. (NYT 10/24) fourteenPalestinians who will serveon the Arabforeign ministers representing Syria, joint Palestinian-Jordaniannegotiating dele- Egypt,Jordan, along with representative of gation. Seven additionalPalestinians will Lebanon'sforeign ministry and headof PLO serve on a steeringcommittee and not par- politicaldepartment meet in Damascusto dis- ticipatein theactual talks. (See SpecialFile cuss strategiesfor peace conference.They III, Al.) werelater joined by foreign ministers of Saudi Chmn.Arafat asserts that the Palestinian Arabia,representing the Gulf states, and Mo- delegateswill representthe PLO because rocco,representing North African states (ex- "everyPalestinian is a memberof the PLO." ceptLibya). (MEM 10/23) (NYT 10/23) Strikecalled for 10/22 by three groups in U.S. State Departmentindicates Secy. o.t. partiallyobserved in E. Jerusalem,else- Bakerwill appointa special Middle East rep- wherein West Bank,but not in Nablus, resentativeto facilitatethe bilateral negotia- Jenin.Residents of Gaza cityobserve strike, tionswhich will constitute the second phase but notthose in therefugee camps. (MEM ofnegotiations. (NYT 10/23) 10/25) PFLP, DFLP, Hamas issuejoint statement Membersof theJewish Ateret Cohanim in o.t. urgingescalation of intifada,call for seminarymove into a house in theMuslim generalstrike 10/23 in oppositionto peace quarterof E. Jerusalem.Group claims the conference.Statement also rejectsclaim that housewas ownedby Jews driven out by Pal- a majorityof Palestinians favor talks. Spokes- estinianrioting in 1929. menfor PFLP, DFLP denounce10/21 threat Settlersoccupying a buildingin Silwan against Palestinian delegates issued by seized 10/9from Palestinian residents peti- PFLP-GChead Ahmad Jibril in Tehran. tionIsraeli high court of justice to allow them Fateh also issues leafletin o.t. callingon to remain.Group also seekspermission to Palestiniansto ignorePFLP-DFLP-Hamas moveinto four other buildings from which call forstrike on 10/23.(MEM 10/22) theyhad been evictedby police. (MEM Saudi Arabia releases $3 million to PLO. 10/24) The funds,deducted from salaries of Pales- EuropeanCommunity official announces tiniansworking in SaudiArabia as a "libera- EC, Israelhave reached agreement over long-

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standingdispute over status, place of resi- participationin the peace talks occupy the of- denceof EC officialwho will be sentto moni- ficesof Fatehin the 'Aynal-Hilwa refugee torEC economicaid to Palestiniansin the camp nearSidon, S. Lebanon,and overrun o.t. EC had soughtto postthe official in the muchof the rest of the camp. Actionwas re- territories;Israel objected, seeking to place portedlyled by Maj. MunirMakda, com- the representativein Tel Avivinstead. The manderof Force 17, Fateh'ssecurity force. EC has set aside $100 millionin aid for (NYT 10/25) Palestiniansin theo.t. (MEM 10/24) Ten Palestiniangroups which had been Humanrights organization Middle East attendingTehran-based conference on Pal- Watch issues report on conditionof estinesign 13-pointstatement denouncing 18,000-20,000stateless Palestinians in Ku- Madridpeace conference,calling for escala- wait. ThePalestinians, who were either born tion of intifada.Among signatories were in Gaza duringthe British Mandate, during PFLP, DFLP [Hawatmafaction], Palestinian theperiod of Egyptian administration ofGaza Popular StruggleFront, al-Sa'iqa. (Radio (1948-67),or who are descendantsof those MonteCarlo 10/24 in FBIS 10/25) bornthere, have lived in Kuwaitfor decades Israelre-opens its embassyin Moscow, butdo nothold citizenshipin anycountry. closedsince the USSR broke diplomnatic rela- Theydo notcarry Israeli Gaza identitycards tionswith Israel in 1967. (NYT 10/25) butmerely hold Egyptiantravel documents, LebanesePres. al-Hirawi states Ta'if ac- and arethus unable to legallylive anywhere. cord calls for"redeployment-not a with- Accordingto the report,Kuwait intends to drawal-ofSyrian forces," but suggests that if expel thesepersons to Iraq 11/15. (MEM Israelwithdrew from S. Lebanon,Syria would 20/24) withdrawits forcesfrom Lebanon. (MEM 10/24) 24 OCTOBER 25 OCTOBER In Damascus,Arab foreignministers agreeto coordinatestands during peace con- Israelnames its delegation to conference. ference,not to strikeseparate deals with (See SpecialFile III, E.) (NYT 10/26) Israel.Syria failed to garner support for pro- Israeli daily Yedi'otAharonot publishes posalthat none of thedelegations would at- poll indicating91% of Israelissupport par- tendthe third-stage talks on regionalissues ticipationin peace conferencebut 57% do untilIsrael returned occupied Arab territories. not believe negotiations will lead to "realre- (MEM 10/24;NYT 10/25) sults."(WP 10/27) In anothermove toward Saudi-PLO rec- UnitedNational Command of theUpris- onciliation,PLO Pol. Dept.Head Faruqal- ingissues leaflet number 76, callingfor unity Qaddumimeets with Saudi FM PrinceSa'ud amongPalestinians and escalationof thein- al-Faysalwhile both attend Damascus foreign tifada.(MEM 10/25) ministersmeeting. The meeting,brokered by Egyptianpres. Husni Mubarak, was theirfirst since the Gulfwar, and reportedlyled to 26 OCTOBER Sa'ud pledgingto restoreSaudi ties with PLO. (MEM 10/25) KingHussein names Jordanian delegates Palestiniandelegate Sa'ib 'Urayqatcre- to joint Palestinian-Jordaniandelegation. atesan uproarin Israelby declaringto the (See SpecialFile III, A2.) pressthat "we arethe PLO delegation."Pal- Jordanianand Palestiniandelegates on estiniannegotiator Faisal Husseini later states thejoint delegation meet for the first time in that'Urayqat was speaking for himself. (NYT Amman.(NYT 10/27) 10/2) In one oflargest rallies in Israelin recent Faisal Husseiniannounces seven Pales- years,some 30,000 Israelishold pro-peace tinianswill forman advisorycommittee to conferencerally in Tel Aviv. (WP 10/27; workwith the steering committee attached to MEM 10/28) thePalestinian delegation to thepeace conference.They are: RadwanAbu 'Ayyash, ZiyadAbu Zayyad,Ahmad al-Yazji, Jamil 27 OCTOBER Tarifi,Radi Jara'i, Salih Abu Laban, 'Abd al- Hadi Abu Khawsh.(MEM 10/25;Voice of WashingtonPost reportsthat Pres. Bush Palestine10/26 in FBIS 10/28) waivedsanctions against Israel, called for Some300 Palestinianfighters opposed to underU.S. law seekingto stopinternational

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transfersofballistic technology, after U.S. in- 28 OCTOBER telligencedetermined that Israel exported missile componentsto SouthAfrica. Bush U.S. announcesthat both Jordanian and reportedlytook into accountthe factthat Palestiniandelegates will each be able to de- Israelrecently agreed to adhereto the 1987 livera 45-minuteopening speech at peace Conventionfor the Limitation of theSpread conference.Israel, Lebanon, Egypt, and Syria of MissileTechnology when deciding not to willalso talkfor 45 minutes.Israel protests punishIsrael. Administrationofficials also to Washingtonthat this violates conditions statedthat Bush did notwish to hurtIsrael's forIsraeli attendance by treating the Palestini- positionat upcomingpeace conferenceby ans as a separatedelegation. (NYT publiclypunishing Israel at thistime. 10/29) (WP London-based Mideast Mirrorpublishes 10/27) listof Syriandelegates (See SpecialFile III, Six-memberGCC announceswillingness B.) (MEM 10/28) toparticipate in multilateraltalks on regional Demonstratorsfor, against peace confer- issues,the third stage of thepeace process. ence clash at anti-conferencerally in Am- GCC earlier[10/19] stated it wouldattend man. (MEM 10/29) openingceremonies. (MEM 10/28) WestBank gunmen open fireon a bus Egyptannounces delegation to peace carryingIsraeli settlers from Shilo to an anti- talks.(See SpecialFile III, D.) (MEM 10/28) peaceconference rally in Tel Aviv,killing two Aftermeeting with Syrian FM al-Sharaa, andinjuring five, bringing total number of Is- Egyptianpres. Mubarakstates multilateral raeliskilled since beginning of intifada to 74. discussionson regionalissues, the proposed (NYT,WP 10/29) thirdstage of peace talks,should not begin German authoritiesstate police in beforesignificant progress has been made Hamburgdiscovered 14 SovietT-72 tanks duringbilateral negotiations between Israel, aboardan Israeliship destined for Israel. The Arabs.Syria has been pushingfor delaying tanks,formerly belonging to theE. German thethird stage talks until Israel displays will- armyand subsequentlyhanded over to the ingnessto evacuate from the occupied territo- Germansecret service BND, were to be de- ries. ButMubarak notes that no agreement liveredto Mossad, the Israeli intelligence ser- on thispoint has yetbeen madeamong the vice,which sought to learnmore about the Arabsdespite the agreement to "coordinate" tanks'design. (NYT, WP 10/29) policiesmade at recentArab foreign ministers Israeli, South Lebanon Army forces meetingin Damascus[see 10/23,10/24]. launchartillery barrages directed at areasur- PLO Pol. Dept.Head Faruqal-Qaddumi, roundingNabatiyya, S. Lebanon. Attacks however,states that the foreign ministers did continueinto early morning hours of 10/29. agreeto link attendanceat the multilateral(MEM 10/30) discussionswith Israeli withdrawal from occupiedterritories. Bothstatements come in wakeof behind- the-scenesstruggle between Egypt and Gulf 29 OCTOBER stateson one hand,Syria on theother, over whetherto proceedwith multilateral talks Sovietpres. Gorbachev holds talkswith beforeArab-Israeli agreement is reachedin PM Shamirin Madrid,the first summit meet- bilateraltalks. (MEM 10/28) ingever held by leaders of Israel, USSR. (WP Israelisoldier seriously injured in Na- 10/30) blus whenhe is struckby a concreteblock Israelconcedes to U.S. decisionto allow thrownfrom a roof.Another man on theroof 45 minutesto both Palestinian,Jordanian is shotand wounded by Israeli troops. Secur- sectionsof Palestinian-Jordaniandelegation ityforces clamp a curfewon Nablus. (MEM for openingremarks at peace conference. 10/28) (MEM 10/29) Thedoor of the American Cultural Center PFLP claimsresponsibility for 10/28 at- in Jerusalemburned by unknownpersons, tack on bus carryingIsraeli settlers. (AFP buta sloganpainted nearby stating "America 10/29in FBIS 10/29) is theenemy-Kach" seems to implicatethe Some1,000 supporters of Fatehstage pro- ultra-nationalistKach movement.(MEM peace conferencedemonstration in Gaza 10/28) city,shaking hands with Israeli soldiers and U.S., Bahrainsign defensecooperation handingthem olive branches. Another pro- agreement.(MEM 10/28) peace conferencemarch held in Jenin. (MEM 10/29) Roadside bomb kills three Israeli

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soldiers,injures a fourthnear 'Aramta,S. marchin KhanYunis. Pro-peaceconference Lebanon;Islamic Resistance coalition (led by activistsin Qalqiliya,Jenin force shopkeepers Hizbullah)claims responsibility. In a sepa- to open theirshops which had been closed rateincident, guerrillas attempting toinfiltrate following orders by Hamas to observea gen- intoIsrael near town of Biranitambush Is- eralstrike. raeli patrol,wounding five; two are killed. Elsewhere,Israeli security forces kill one IslamicJihad Movement of Palestine[Fathi Palestinianin Hebron,wound at least24 in Shaqaqi]claims responsibility. Israeli heli- Gaza and 11 in Nablusduring clashes. (NYT, coptersattack area near Rashidiyyarefugee WP, MEM 10/31) camp,Hizbullah office in Nabatiyya.(Qol Iraqi National Assembly condemns Yisra'el10/29 in FBIS 10/30;MEM 10/29; peace conference,attacks Syria, Egypt for WP, MEM 10/30;NYT 11/2) theirparticipation. (MEM 10/31) Some 5,000 Islamists,leftists, Nasirists Some 10,000 Lebanese march in Beirut demonstrateagainst peace conferenceat against peace conference. (WP 10/31) Cairo Universityin wake of police crack- Israeli,South Lebanon Armyforces bom- down on anti-conferenceactivists. (MEM bardvillages near Nabatiyya, S. Lebanon,in 10/30) retaliationfor 10/29 attacks on Israelitroops. (NYT 10/31) 30 OCTOBER 31 OCTOBER MiddleEast peace conferenceopens in theroyal palace in Madridwith delegations At Madridpeace conference,PM Shamir fromIsrael, Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, and the deliversfirst opening address of the day. He joint Palestinian-Jordaniandelegation pres- is followedby JordanianFM Kamil Abu ent. Conferencebegins with short speech by Jaber,chief Palestinian delegate Haydar Abd SpanishPM Felipe Gonzalez,followed by al-Shafi,Lebanese FM FarisBouez, and Syr- addressesby conferencecoconveners Presi- ian FM Faruqal-Sharaa (See SpecialFile, V: dentsBush and Gorbachev,and DutchFM E, F, G, H, I.) (NYT 11/1) Hansvan den Broek, representating theEuro- Afterhearing Abd al-Shafi's speech on the pean Community.Soviet FM BorisPankin radio, hundreds of Palestinians march and Secy.of State Baker were also presentat throughRamallah wavingolive branchesand thenegotiating table. Saudi ambassadorto shakinghands withIsraeli security forces, the U.S. Prince Bandar bin Sultan and who did not breakup the demonstration. 'AbdullahBishara, secy. gen. of the Gulf Co- Similarmarches took place in E. Jerusalem, operationCouncil, also attendthe confer- throughoutoccupied territories.(MEM ence,but are notseated at thetable. Egyp- 10/31,11/1) tianFM 'AmrMusa deliversthe first address In anothermove toward PLO-Saudi rec- by one of the negotiatingdelegations (See onciliation,Fateh Central Comm. Mbr. and SpecialFile V: A, B, C, D). topaide to Chmn.Arafat Nabil Sha'th, who Secy.of StateBaker confirms that it was was appointedas behind-the-scenesPLO co- notcertain whether or notsecond phase bi- ordinatorof Palestiniandelegates at Madrid, lateraltalks betweenIsrael and the Arab meets with Saudi representativeto talks, delegationswould commence 11/2 as sched- PrinceSa'ud bin Faysal,along with Palestin- uled due to disagreementbetween Israel, ian delegatesand membersof the steering Arabdelegations over venue of such talks. committee.(MEM 11/1) Israelis pushingfor holding the negotiations KuwaitiFM ShaykhSalim al-Sabah reiter- in theMiddle East, while Arab delegations ates Kuwaiti hostilitytoward PLO, however, seekto continue to hold such talks in Madrid. describingPLO positionduring the Gulf war (NYT 10/31) as "shameful"while affirming Kuwaiti sup- Hamascalls fora generalstrike to pro- portfor Palestinian cause. (MEM 11/1) testthe peace conference. But 2,000 Palestin- Israeli, South Lebanon Armyforces con- ian supportersof Fateh,some armedwith tinueshelling Nabatiyya area, other regions of clubs and knivesand wavingPalestinian S. Lebanon.(MEM 11/1) flags,march in favorof thepeace talksin Gaza as Israelitroops follow them but make no effortto dispersethe gathering.The 1 NOVEMBER marchersclashed with supporters of Hamas, injuringfour. Peace conference opening ceremonies Five thousandother PLO supporters endas eachof the delegations delivers closing

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remarks.(See SpecialFile, VI.) delegation.Negotiators agree to discusspro.- It remainsunclear whether or not Syria posal forPalestinian autonomy in occupied and Lebanonwill proceedto the second territories. phase of bilateralnegotiations with Israel, Syriandelegation headed by Muwaffaq althoughPalestinian delegates indicate they al-Allafagrees to participate in directtalks at intendto holdsuch talks. (NYT 11/2) lastmoment, but no progressis made. Israeli Pro-peace conferencedemonstrations team negotiatingwith Syriais headed by continuein occupiedterritories. (MEM 11/1) YossiBen Aharon. Bilateral Israeli-Lebanese Some4,000 anti-peace conference dem- talks also commence.(NYT, MEM 11/4; onstratorsturn out in Ammanto hearlead- NYT 11/5) ers of the country'sMuslim Brotherhood Curfewimposed on Gaza on eveof peace movementstate that their "long battle with conferenceis lifted.(Qol Yisra'el11/3, in worldZionism" has just begun. (MEM 11/1) FBIS 11/4) Some2,500 supporters ofHizbullah, anti- Lebanonsends 500 troopsto KufrRum- ArafatPalestinian groups protest peace con- man,Nabatiyya, S. Lebanonto face Israeli ferencein Sidon,S. Lebanon. Israelijets troopswho have been shellingthe towns. later bomb Hizbullah positions near (NYT 11/5) Luwayza,'Arab Salim, S. Lebanon. Israeli, SLA artillerylater shell Luwayza and Naba- tiyya.(MEM 11/1;NYT 11/2) 4 NOVEMBER Lessthan 12 hoursafter concluding bilat- 2 NOVEMBER eraltalks with Syria, Israel inaugurates Qela', newsettlement in Golan. Presentat thecer- Faisal Husseini,Hanan Ashrawi,two emonyare threecabinet ministers, Rafael othermembers of the Palestiniansteering Eytan,Yuval Ne'eman, Anel Sharon. (MEM, committee,fly to Moroccofor consultations WP 11/5) withChmn. Arafat. (NYT 11/3) Electionsfor Gaza chamberof com- Pro-peacemarches continue in o.t.,in- merce,first such elections since 1964, return cludingone involvingthousands of marchers thirteenpro-PLO candidates, two Hamas in Jenin.Curfew imposed 10/27 on Nablus supporters,and one independent.Elections lifted,but is imposedon 400,000Gaza resi- wereviewed as a surprisinglystrong turn of dents.(MEM 11/4) Palestinianpublic support away from Hamas, Thousandsflee Kufr Rumman, S. Leba- whichopposes the peace conference, toward non,after Israeli troops order them to evacu- thePLO. (NYT 11/6) ate thearea, which has come underrecent Israeliarmy announces it will ban all heavyIsraeli artillery fire. SouthLebanon demonstrationsin the o.t., citinginstances Armyradio broadcast also orders100,000 where some of the pro-peaceconference residentsof some 100 villages near the Israeli demonstrationsof recent days allegedly "securityzone" to flee.Israel denies it offi- turnedviolent. (HaAretz 11/4 in FBIS 11/4) ciallyordered the evacuation,claims order camefrom a localIsraeli commander or from SLA actingon itsown authority. 5 NOVEMBER As Israelcontinues its bombardmentof thearea, Lebanese pres. Ilyas al-Hirawi calls Secy.of State Baker criticizes 11/4 open- Lebanon'sdefense council into emergency ingof Israelisettlement in Golan,calling it session,and Shi'ite Amal militia announces a "provocative."(NYT 11/6) generalmobilization, vowing to standwith Chmn.Arafat arrives in Ammanfor dis- Lebanesearmy troops in repellingany Israel cussionswith King Hussein in advanceof re- attacks.(NYT, WP 11/3) turnof Palestinian, Jordanian delegates from Madrid.The twocochair a committeeover- seeing activitiesof the joint Palestinian- 3 NOVEMBER Jordaniandelegation to the peace talks. (MEM 11/6) Secondphase, face-to-face bilateral talks FivePalestinians are injured when violent betweenIsraeli, joint Palestinian-Jordanian confrontations break out betweenPalestini- delegationbegin in Madrid.Israeli negotiat- ans,Israeli security forces in Jeninfollowing ing teamis headedby ElyakimRubinstein, assassination of Fateh activist Mahdi Abu al- whileHaydar 'Abd al-Shafi and Abd al-Salam Hasanby Israeliundercover agents. Abu al- al-Majali colead the Palestinian-JordanianHasan, whom security forces had beenseek-

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ingfor some time, was reportedlyambushed 8 NOVEMBER in his carwithout warning. (MEM 11/6) First direct Moscow-Tel Aviv flight Faruq al-Qaddumi,top officialof both transportingJewish immigrants carried out Fatehand PLO, arrives at head of Fateh dele- by Aeroflotarrives with 125 SovietJews. gationto Syria in aftermathofChmn. Arafat's Flightwas operatedby Transair, an Aeroflot recentmeetings with Pres. al-Asad. (NYT subsidiary.(Qol Yisra'el11/5 in FBIS 11/6) 11/10;AFP 11/13in FBIS 11/14) Israel,South Lebanon Army shell targets Israeliaircraft attack alleged DFLP posi- outsideof Israel's "security zone" in S. Leba- tionsin Rashidiyyarefugee camp near Tyre, nonfor tenth consecutive day. Fateh-Force17 positionsin 'Aynal-Hilwa Gen. AntoineLahad, commander of the camp near Sidonin S. Lebanon,while Is- SouthLebanon Army, states Israeli-Lebanese raeli-South Lebanon Army bombardment of peace talkswill not lead to dismantlingof S. Lebanesevillages continues. (MEM 11/8) SLA or ofthe "security zone." (MEM 11/6) IsraeliDM Arensreturns from China. DM Israeli Arensmakes secret trip to Yisra'el in FBIS China. (ITV 11/8in FBIS 11/17) (Qol 11/22 11/22)

9 NOVEMBER 6 NOVEMBER PLO officialsstate Syria has agreedto al- lowPLO to reopenoffices in Syria,that dele- Chmn.Arafat arrives in Damascus at gationheaded by Faruqal-Qaddumi which head of four-persondelegation, holds talks arrivedin Syria11/8 was workingon details withSyrian vice pres. 'Abd al-HalimKhad- ofreopening offices. (NYT 11/10) dam. Arafatlater meets with Pres. al-Asad in Chmn.Arafat arrives in Cairomeets with Ladhaqiyya.(MEM 11/7) Pres.Mubarak, further symbolizing improv- At Damascus press conference,PFLP ing PLO-Egyptianrelations. (MENA 11/10 Gen. Secy.George Habash statesPFLP has in FBIS 11/12) suspendedits membership in PLO executive committeedue to its opposition to peace conference.Habash notes PFLP will reserve final 10 NOVEMBER decisionon whetherto stayin committee. (RadioMonte Carlo 11/6 in FBIS11/6; MEM Palestiniandelegates return to West 11/7) Bankvia AllenbyBridge as thousandscheer Hizbullah-ledIslamic Resistance move- themin Jericho.Member of advisorycom- mentdetonates another roadside bomb in mitteeto delegationZiyad Abu Zayyadan- Israel's"security zone" near village of Rashaf; nouncesestablishment of "politicalcommit- casualtyreports vary. (MEM 11/6) tees" throughouto.t. to advise Palestinian delegates,reportedly under the leadership of SariNusseibeh in theWest Bank and As'ad al-Saftawiin Gaza. 7 NOVEMBER DM Moshe Arens,Chief-of-Staff Ehud Barak,Police Min. RonniMilo briefIsraeli Poll releasedin Israelfinds that almost cabineton decrease in intifadaactivities 30% of SovietJewish immigrants who have duringthe week after the peace conference, arrivedin Israelsince September 1989 would notingthat incidents such as rockthrowing liketo be livingin anothercountry within five havedecreased 30% in WestBank and 70% years. Also,52% statedthey would advise in Gaza. (WP, MEM 11/11) otherSoviet Jews to delayimmigrating to A polldescribed as thelargest ever carried Israel;only 37% hadsaid they would do so in outin Israelis published,revealing that 74% a similarpoll conducted in June 1991. (MEM of Israelisare readyto yieldterritory in the 11/8) WestBank and Gaza forpeace. Thirty-one Israelihelicopters fire rockets at DFLP percentstated that land in theGolan Heights office in Palestinianrefugee camp of should be exchangedfor peace. (MEM Rashidiyya,S. Lebanon,while Israeli, South 11/11) LebanonArmy artillery continue barrage of villagesnear Israeli "security zone." Israeli, SLA forcesreportedly fired more than 1,200 shellsduring their two-week campaign of shelling. (MEM 11/7)

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11 NOVEMBER SalvationFront, including PNSF head Khalid al-Fahum, PFLP-GC Gen. Secy. Ahmad Knessetpasses resolutiondeclaring Is- Jibril,Fateh-Uprising leader Sa'id Musa raelicontrol of Golan is notnegotiable. The Muragha (Abu Musa), other top PNSF resolutionwas supported by a broadcoalition figures. Meeting comes in wake of im- whichincluded members from Likud, Labor proved Fateh-Syrian,PLO-Syrian relations. parties. (al-QudsPalestinian Arab Radio [clandestine] PrimeMin. Shamir states current borders 11/12in FBIS 11/14) and ceasefirelines (including 1967 occupied Pres.Bush, speaking before a meetingof territories)are "an essentialminimum of ter- JewishAmerican leaders in NewYork, regrets ritory."(MEM 11/12) languagehe usedduring his 9/12comments Syrianvice pres. 'Abd al-Halim Khaddam about theloan guaranteesto Israel [in which meetswith Fateh delegation which has been he obliquelyreferred tothe power of the Jew- in Damascusduring the week. (MEM 11/13) ish lobby].(MEM 11/13,11/14) NayifHawatma, leader of one wing of the Meetingof Israeli Labor party,called by DFLP, meetswith King Hussein, Jordanian Laborparty leader Shimon Peres in an at- primemin. Tahir al-Masri in Amman.(MEM temptto bridgegap amonghard-liners and 11/12) moderateswithin the party on foreignaffairs Foreignministers of the "Damascus Dec- andsecurity matters, fails to reach agreement. laration"nations (Egypt, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Meetingcomes in wake of rightwardturn Kuwait, United Arab Emirates,Qatar, withinLabor party toward security issues, ev- Bahrain,Oman) begin meeting in Cairo,the idencedby the tough11/10 draftof the fifthtime the countries have met. Meeting ex- party'spolitical platform adopted by the pressedsatisfaction at recentMadrid peace party'spolitical committee and by the support conference.(MENA 11/11 in FBIS 11/12) givenby severalhard-line Labor parliamen- Israeliarmy kills four persons in thewest- tariansto an 11/11Knesset resolution that ernNegev desert who infiltrated into Israeli calledfor permanent Israeli control over Go- territoryfrom Egypt. (IDF Radio 11/11in lan. (MEM 11/13) FBIS 11/12) Meetingof the "Damascus Declaration" nationsends without agreement on waysto turntheir Gulf war allianceinto a deeper multi-lateralrelationship. (MEM 11/12) 12 NOVEMBER

Memberof advisorycommittee to Pales- 13 NOVEMBER tiniandelegation Ziyad Abu Zayyad confirms theexistence of an eight-pagedocument dis- Faisal Husseini, Hanan Ashrawi hold cussingthe eventual transfer of powerfrom meetingat Islamic College of Hebron to ex- Israelioccupation forces to Palestinians in the plainwhat transpired atMadrid. Fights break o.t.during the "transitional period" of self- outbetween supporters, opponents of peace ruleenvisioned as partof the peace process. process.(Qol Yisra'el11/13 in FBIS 11/14) Thedocument, which he statesis onlya draft Additionalmembers of the political com- proposal,was writtenby residents of the o.t. mitteesresign (See 11/12) (Qol Yisra'el11/13 and suggestsestablishing management com- in FBIS 11/14) mitteesto overseeadministration ofthe terri- In Washington,West Bank academic Sari tories.(Qol Yisra'el11/12 in FBIS 11/14) Nusseibeh,the driving force behind creation Fivemembers of thenew political com- of thepolitical committees, meets with State mitteesin o.t. resign,but 25 new members Departmentofficials, requests U.S. interven- areadded. Moveseen as partof behind-the- tionwith Israel to assurePalestinians in o.t. scenesconflict between the original founders be givenfreedom to express themselves polit- ofthe committees and thePLO, membersof ically,an essentialstep if the committees and thePalestinian delegation over the nature of otherforms of political expression are to suc- the committees.(Qol Yisra'el11/13, HaAretz ceed. (MEM 11/14) 11/13,Israel Television 11/12 in FBIS11/14) In Damascus,Fateh Central Comm. mbr. FaisalHusseini holds debate with Riyad 'Abbas Zaki states that Fateh, Syria have al-Maliki,leading PFLP supporterin West agreed to normalize relations. Fateh-Syrian Bankand opponentof thepeace process,at discussionshave been ongoing since a Fateh BethlehemUniversity. (MEM 11/12) delegation'sarrival in Damascus11/8. (AFP SyrianVP 'Abdal-Halim Khaddam meets 11/13in FBIS 11/14) withdelegation from Palestinian National PLO Executive Committeebegins meet-

This content downloaded from 66.134.128.11 on Tue, 03 Mar 2015 18:13:14 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions CHRONOLOGY 189 ingin Tunisto discussthe venue for second Celebrationsmarking the thirdanniver- phaseof peace talks. (MEM 11/14) saryof Palestinian "declaration of independence"[11/15/89] begin in theoccupied territories.(MEM 11/15) 14 NOVEMBER Twoalleged Palestinian collaborators are founddead in Gaza. (MEM 11/15) E. Jerusalemnewspapers list namesof Fightingcontinues in S. Lebanonas SLA some30 newmembers of the political com- artilleryshells Iqlim al-Tuffah, Nabatiyya ar- mitteesin theo.t. The committeesalready eas of S. Lebanon.Israeli helicopters attack countsome 150 members,reportedly largely PFLPoffice in Rashidiyyacamp, S. Lebanon. Fatehactivists but somefrom the Palestine Aircraftlater bomb Hizbullah bases in Malita CommunistParty, DFLP-'Abd Rabbuh fac- village,Jabal Safi area of S. Lebanon.(MEM tion. (Qol Yisra'el11/12, 11/14 in FBIS 11/14) 11/14) Fateh leafletcirculated in o.t. orders politicalcommittees to disbandafter receiv- ing ordersto thiseffect from Yasir Arafat. 15 NOVEMBER The orderstated that the committees should be reorganizedby a specialcommittee made PM Shamirarrives in U.S. forprivate up of sevenrepresentatives from both the tour,although he plans to meetwith Pres. WestBank and Gaza, plus a president.Fateh Bushlater in thetrip. (MEM 11/15) leafletasserts that the underground commit- Israelipolice recommendsthat attorney teesof the intifada, not the political commit- generalprosecute Hanan Ashrawi, for alleg- tees,should form the basis for the future Pal- edlymeeting with PLO officialsduring peace estinian state. (Qol Yisra'el 11/12, Al conference.(NYT 11/16) Ha'mishmar11/15 in FBIS 11/15) Largepro-PLO rallies held throughout Some200 supportersofHamas, leftist fac- o.t. to commemoratethird anniversary of tionsdemonstrate against peace talksat a Palestinian"declaration of independence." gatheringofsome 500 supportersofthe peace Israeliborder guards shoot, kill Musa Ghazi processwho were listening to a presentationMuhammad Abu 'Id as he spraypaints slo- madeby Faisal Husseiniin Hebron.(MEM ganson a wallinside E. Jerusalem'sold city. 11/14) (MEM 11/15)

CHRONOLOGY SOURCE ABBREVIATIONS

CSM (ChristianScience Monitor, Boston) FBIS (ForeignBroadcast Information Service Daily Report,Near East and South Asia) FJ (Al-FajrJerusalem Palestinian Weekly, Jerusalem) FNS (Federal News Servicewire, Washington, D.C.) JP VJerusalemPost, International Edition, Jerusalem) LAT (Los AngelesTimes, Los Angeles) MEI (MiddleEast International,London) MEPARC (MiddleEast Policyand ResearchCenter, Washington, D.C.) MEM (MideastMirror, London) MET (MiddleEast Times,Nicosia) NYT (New YorkTimes, New York) WJW (WashingtonJewish Week, Washington, D.C.) WSJ (Wall StreetJournal, New York) WP (WashingtonPost, Washington, D.C.) WT (WashingtonTimes, Washington, D.C.) Chronologycompiled by Michael R. Fischbach, a Ph.D. candidate in the Departmentof History,Georgetown University.

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