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Preparations of the games sites, villages and other It was necessary to ensure well-coordinated ad­ facilities necessary for the Tokyo Olympic Games ministration of all these various facilities, and close were initially instigated five years before the event— liaison was a most necessary factor. It was, there­ in the autumn of 1959. It can be more specifically fore, very important to have some efficient means said, however, that the preparations begun in of ensuring smooth contacts among all the facilities, earnest with the preparations for the Third Asian and this was made possible by various transporta­ Games, held several years before the Olympic tion and communication facilities. The initial pre­ Games. paration activity therefore consisted in making an A city hosting the Olympic Games is required to overall plan for facilities by taking into account fulfill a number of important conditions. Among the factors of ease of coordination among them. the most important of these are undoubtedly the The initial overall plan showed clearly the mutual games sites, villages for athletes and the other relations among the various facilities, and as studies facilities required for the smooth operation of the of various facilities progressed, smaller technical Olympic Games. One of the considerations behind problems began to be exposed. Efforts then were Party on 18th October 1964, comnieniorating the 70th anniversary of founding of IOC the preparations of the Olympic facilities should made to solve these problems technically, and probably be the importance of constructing sports wherever this proved impracticable, the overall facilities which can be used not only for the Olym­ plan was restudied. At times then, changes were pic Games, but ones which can be adapted after­ made even in the overall plan. Ih e plaque showing a bust of Baron de Coubertin which was unveiled at the Main Stadium on 10th October to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the IOC founding wards for the benefit of the citizens of the host It is felt that the well-balanced nature of all the city. All facilities for the Tokyo Olympic Games facilities for the Olympic Games were made jjossi- were in fact constructed in this spirit and for many ble by the early and thorough overall planning, and of them, consideration was included to prepare in particular, the planning of minute details. This sites which would be useful after the Olympic gigantic work was left in the hands of a single f Games while at the same time providing facilities organization (a consultative Committee of the Or­ of high technical standards to meet the demanding ganizing Committee)—the Special Committee on 1 ( requirements of the Olympic Games. Other of the Facilities and its subcommittees. facilities were constructed to make them adequate There were six subcommittees, viz; Subcommittee and fitting memorials to this meaningful occasion, on Overall Plan for Facilities, which studied the or to allow them to remain in the future as symbols progress of the plan as a whole; Subcommittee on of sports activity. Facilities for the Games, which deliberated on the The overall facilities prepared for the Olympic actual venues for games; Subcommittee on Trans­ Games include games sites (at 30 places), villages portation Facilities, which made special studies of (at 6 places) and other related facilities (at 4 the transportation facilities connecting the various places). facilities; Subcommittee on Village: whose field These can be divided further into three headings covered the problems related to all facilities in the —existing facilities; facilities constructed for the oc­ village; Subcommittee on Related Facilities, to cover casion with permanent use in mind; and those facili­ the problems of communication facilities; and a ties executed only for temporary use. Some of the Subcommittee on Lawns; which studied the problem existing facilities were able to be used without any of lawns, turfs and grasses. These six subcommit­ alteration, while some others had to be expanded or tees acted independently in various stages of the improved. The newly facilities were mainly those preparation for the facilities, but the Sjrecial Com- which could be adapted for permanent use after the mitee on Facilities at all times maintained overall occasion of the Olympic Games, while the temporary control. facilities were those constructed especially for the As it has been observed, the preparations for the Olympic Games and which would therefore be re­ Tokyo Olympic Games were officially begun on moved after this event. 30th September 1959, with the inauguration of the

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 1

114 115

Orjranizing Coniniittec. A draft proposed however, for facilities within the capital. It became neces­ of these relevant factors and in the belief that this plan for the Villages was restudied. The first prob­ for the facilities of the Tokyo Olympic Games had sary then to obtain the cooperation of nearby pre­ plan would provide the optimum facilities for the lem concerned an accurate estimation of the num­ already been presented to the International Olym- fectures and cities in order to ensure appropriate purpose required of them, from the facilities availa­ ber of athletes and officials which would participate ]j1 c Committee at its 55th Session held in Munich in and adequate facilities. ble. in the Tokyo Olympic Games. This was to serve May of that same year. It was this draft plan which Under these circumstances, as well as from the as the basis for deciding the size of the Villages. served as the basis of study by the Organizing Com­ standpoint of the problem of responsibility for their Basic plan for Villages The basic plan for the At first, the number was estimated at a total of mittee. The Subcommittee on Outline of Facilities uses and maintenance in the future, the prepara­ Villages was included in the submission presented 8,000, including 1,500 women. This figure was first handled the plan, and later in November of tions for the Olympic Games facilities involved four to the 55th Session of the International Olympic arrived at on the basis of the number of sjjorts the same year this work was taken over by the parties: the National Government; Tokyo Metro­ Committee. The contents of the basic plan, how­ expected to be contested and the records of past S]jecial Committee on Facilities. In principle, the politan Government; adjacent Prefectures and ever, were not necessarily the results of a thorough Olympic Games attendance. After further careful ])lanning called for the completion of preparation Cities; and a number of private organizations. study, as this had been formulated before the final study, however the plan for the Villages was finally of all facilities by August 196,3. It was not however Facilities which could afterwards be used on a na­ decisions had been reached on the actual sites of formulated on the basis of an estimated number of until the end of 1962 that final decisions were tional scale for National events were constructed the Afillages. The sites finally decided on were in 6,500 men and 800 women. For the various facili­ reached on all j)lans, including those for venues by the National Government, while the construc­ fact in some cases at locations different from those ties to be included in the Villages, a plan was for games, villages and other facilities. With the tion of those which would later be adapted for mentioned in the original submission. With the formulated by consulting the reports of the Berlin cxcejJtion of some facilities, fairly definite decisions various activities of the citizens of Tokyo were decisions on the Village sites obtained, the basic Olympic Games, the Helsinki Olympic Games, the had been made by the s]3ring of 1962, and designs undertaken by the Tokyo Metropolitan Govern­ for construction, or construction itself, were under­ ment. The prefectures or cities constructed facili­ Sports venues used for Tokyo Olympic Games Distance way by the time the overall plans for all facilities ties also with a mind to their future adaption for from Construction Approximate No. Venues & Games Area C apacity were officially apjmovecl. use by the regional residents, while the private Village The study of all facilities other than details of organizations constructed facilities to meet their 1 National Stadium Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 4.4 Nat. Gov’t E xtended 71,6)} Opening & Closing Ceremonies; certain tem[)orary ones, then had been completed own specific respective needs. Athletic events; F ootball; by the spring of 1963, and the jjreparations then Selections of facilities from among the existing Equestrian events 2 Prince Chichibu Memorial Football Field Minato-ku, Tokyo 4.3 Re-constructed 17,690 moved into the construction stage. ones, or decisions on plans for new facilities were Football 3 Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 4.4 Tokyo Met. Gov’t 6,500 With a few excejjtions, most of the facilities were made after studying the existing facilities and avail­ Gym nastics 4 Tokyo Metropolitan Indoor Swimming Pool Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 4.4 3,000 able to be used at the Tokyo International Sports able land in and around Tokyo. Having first made W ater-Polo 5 National Gymnasium Shibuya-ku, Tokyo — Nat. Gov’t New construction 11,300 Week held in October 1963 the year before the selections from the operational standpoint, the final Swimming & Diving 6 National Gymnasium Annex Shibuya-ku, Tokyo — 4,000 Tokyo 01ymj)ic Games. Even in the case of those decisions were then reached after taking into ac­ Basket-Ball >> 7 Shibuya Public Hall Shibuya-ku, Tokyo — Shibuya-ku 2,200 facilities where construction had been somewhat count all the other factors involved. One of the Weight-Lifting delayed, the main construction was completed by important considerations was of course the distance 8 Komazawa Stadium Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 9.1 Tokyo M et. G ov’t 20,800 Football March 1964. The Nip]jon Budokan Hall, where between the villages and the games sites: it was 9 Komazawa Gymnasium Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 9.1 3,900 W restling the construction was delayed most, was completed absolutely essential that the games sites could be 10 Komazawa Volley-Ball Court Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 9.1 3,900 Volley-Ball by the end of September, and thus all preparations reached from the village not only within a practica­ 11 Komazawa 1st Hockey Ground Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 9.1 2,000 H ockey were completely in a state of readiness two weeks ble period of time, but a further factor to be con­ 12 Komazawa 2nd Hockey Ground Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 9.1 3,400 H ockey before the Tokyo Olympic Games began. sidered was that this must always be same period 13 Komazawa 3rd Hockey Ground Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 9.1 ” 2,300 of time if the smooth operation of the games were H ockey Overall Plan The main factors to be studied in 14 Waseda Memorial Hall Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 9.1 Waseda Univ. Renovated 2,200 to be assured and stable physical and spiritual Fencing formulating an overall plan included: the conditions 15 Korakuen Ice Ptilace Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 8.8 K orakuen 4,500 well-being of the athletes maintained. It was Boxing of the games venues required in consideration of 16 Nippon Budokan Hall Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 7.3 N ippon Budokan New construction 14,100 decided to limit the travelling time required to 40 Judo each event and the particular Games schedule; a 17 Toda Rowing Course Toda-machi, 28.6 N at. Gov’t Re-constructed 8,300 minutes irrespective of what means of transporta­ R ow ing Saitama Pref. basic ]}lan for villages based on the expected num­ 18 New construction tion were used. From the operational standpoint, Lake Sagami Sagamiko-machi, 38.0 Kanagawa Pref. 1,500 ber of athletes; transportation and other facilities C anoeing Kanagawa Pref. it was also decided to in principle prevent the 19 Hachioji Velodrome Hachioji city, Tokyo 43.0 O O C T em porary 4,100 required for the expected number of athletes, offi­ Cycling construction facilities from being scattered over too wide an 2) Hachioji Cycling Road Race Course Hachioji city, Tokyo 43.0 Hachioji city 3,000 cials and spectators; and the problem of communi­ Cycling area, but rather to have them as close together as 21 Omiya Football Field Omiya city, 47.0 Saitama Pref. New construction 14,400 cation facilities for the jiress and transmission of Football Saitama Pref. possible in a number of districts in groups. It was 22 Mitsuzawa Football Field Yokohama city, 33.3 Y okoham a city 10,100 records. Planning for auxiliary facilities and equip­ Football Kanagawa Pref. possible, with the exception of the road events, to 23 Asaka Nezu Park Asaka-machi, 24 8 N at. Gov’t T em porary 1,300 ment to be commonly shared by certain facilities Modern Pentathlon Saitama Pref. construction have 13 out of the 30 games sites grouped together (Equestrian events) was also a factor to be considered. 24 Tokyo University Kemigawa Playing Grounds Chiba city, 39.9 1,500 at three places: the Meiji Olympic Park, the Yoyogi Modern Pentathlon Cliiba Pref. (Cross Country) Plan for facilities In a city like Tokyo which Sports Centre and the Komazawa Sports Park. 25 Equestrian Park Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 9.1 Japan Central New construction 2,600 functions also as the country’s capital, the city Economy also was another important condition. Equestrian events Horse Assn. 26 Karuizawa Equestrian Events Grounds Karuizawa-machi, 0.7=f= Nagano Pref. T em porary 1,500 alone is not always responsible for the maintenance Maximum use was made of the existing facilities, Equestrian events Nagano Pref. constrtiction 27 Asaka Shooting Range Asaka-machi, 24.8 N at. G ov’t New construction 1,200 of all the various facilities within it, and the co­ or their improving or repairing where possible. Shooting Saitama Pref. 28 Tokorozawa Trap Shooting Range Tokorozawa city, 32.1 Saitama Pref. 1,300 operation of the National Government becomes Plans for the construction of new facilities were Shooting Saitama Pref. ” 29 Yokohama Cultural Gymnasium Yokohama city, 34.5 Yokohama City R enovated 3,800 necessary. Despite the fact that construction of approved only after it became absolutely clear that Volley-Ball Kanagawa Pref. 30 Enoshima Yacht Harbour Fujisawa city, 20.0'*^=*- Kanagawa Pref. New construction many new games sites in Tokyo was dictated by the the existing facilities would in fact be inadequate. Y achting Kanagawa Pref.

lack of adecjuate sj^orts facilities in the city, it was The plans for the facilities, as shown in the dia­ Note: In addition, Marathon and Walking race courses were established. Budo demonstration was held at Nippon Budokan Hall and Baseball demonstration took place at Meiji Jingu Baseball Field Stadium. not always feasible to find suitable available land gram, were approved after due deliberation on all *■ Distance from Karuizawa Detached Village. ** Distance from Oiso Detached Village.

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 116 117

Meiji Olympic Park Komazawa Olympic Park

1 National Stadium 9 Press Centre 2 Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium 10 Press House 3 T o k y o Metropolitan Indoor Swimming pool 11 Parking A rea Tokyo Metropolitan Track and Field 12 Flag pole Art Gallery 13 Throw ing Event Training Venue Meiji Jingu Baseball Ground 14 Tennis Court M elji Jingu Baseball Ground N o.2 Ground 15 Bowling Centre Pr'ince Chichibu Memorial Football Field

1 Komazawa Stadium 9 Archery Field 2 Komazawa Gymnasium 10 Control Tower 3 Komazawa Hockey Ground11 Administration No.2 office 4 Komazawa Hockey Ground12 Sacred Fire No. 1 Stand 5 Komazawa Volley-Ball Court 13 Central Plaza 6 Volley-Ball Tra ning Court 14 Bus stop 7 Parking Area 15 Rest House 8 Komazawa Hockey Ground No.3

Melbourne Olympic Games and the Rome Olympic in the Village and by providing bicycles. In most necessary however to work out plans to avoid con­ of the Meiji Shrine, and the whole area reflected Games, with adjustments where considered neces­ cases, the existing facilities in the Yoyogi Olympic fusion in the activities of the officials concerned with the development of amateur sports in Japan. Many sary for the number of persons expected to stay in Village fulfilled the needs, as the area chosen for the administration of the blocs, the press covering new Japanese records were established at the games the Villages. the Village had already been functioning as a re­ games and the spectators. There also was the sites in this area, while the athletes who had been Inasmuch as tlie final [jlan for the Villages called sidential area and was divided roughly into blocks. problem of maintenance and management of the trained in these areas had already made their mark for the use of existing residential buildings in that Only a comparatively small number of new facili­ blocs when this involved a number of interrelated in the past Olympic Games. This historical signifi­ area for athletes’ dormitories, the plan to construct ties had to be added. buildings mutually dependent on one another. At cance had an important bearing in it being chosen, ])ublic residential buildings or dormitories had to be This basic plan for the Villages was implemented the same time, it was important that the beauty of despite some obstacles from the standpoint of city discarded. This resulted in a number of restric­ by giving careful attention to the details advanced the city as a whole not be impaired. Overall ar­ planning, as a central game site of the Tokyo Olym­ tions on the imjjlementation of the plan. For those by those concerned with the administration of the rangements were made respectively at the three pic Games. facilities used in common, these were planned on the Villages. Actual details of the plan for the Villages main sports site areas. This area had also served as a central game site general jminciple of as far as ]wssible having them will be found later under the paragraphs specifically The Outer Garden of the Meiji Shrine (Meiji in the Third Asian Games for the same reason, and concentrated. Dining halls, for instance, were set relating to the Villages. Olympic Park) :— at that time the National Stadium had been con­ at two jjlaces, while other facilities used in common The Outer Garden of the Meiji Shrine has been structed at this place by demolishing the antiquated were set up near the gateways or the centre part Overall plans for various blocs of facilities As a familiar site to the citizens of Tokyo for some 40 Meiji Stadium. At that time, the Metropolitan of the Villages. As a result of the concentration of has been outlined above, the various venues for years as a place revering the late Emperor Meiji. Indoor Swimming Pool and the National Tennis these commonly used facilities in an area as exten­ games were prepared as far as possible in accord­ With the Meiji Stadium as its centre, a number Courts were also constructed. There were thus sive as the Yoyogi Olympic Village, the matter of ance with a bloc formula—as groups of facilities. of sports facilities, including the Meiji Baseball already a number of games sites in the Outer transportation naturally became a problem. This The blocs consisting of a number of games sites Grounds, the Meiji Swimming Pools and Wrestling Garden of the Meiji Shrine, and as it appeared in­ was solved by a continuous shuttle bus service with­ physically independent of one another. It was Gymnasium, were to be found in the Outer Garden appropriate to construct many additional facilities

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 118 119

in the area, it was decided instead to enlarge and tion of the Olympic Games but it has produced a Stands in the National Stadium iinjrrove the existing facilities. This area now delightful area that will contribute toward the well­ houses the National Stadium, Prince Chichibu being of the citizens of Tokyo in the future. Memorial Football Field, the Tokyo Metropolitan Yoyogi Sports Centre:— Situated close to the 1 Olympic Sacred Flame Dias Gymnasium, Metropolitan Indoor Swimming Pool, Yoyogi Village, this area is favoured with an ex­ (all these used during the Olympic Games), the cellent location. Covering a total area of about Meiji Paseball Ground, the Meiji Auxiliary Base­ 12 hectares it included the multi-purpose National ball Ground, the National Tennis Courts, the Meiji Gymnasium (Swimming), the annex of the Nation­ Swimming Pool, the Art Gallery, the Seinen-kan al Gymnasium (Basket-Ball), and the Shibuya (youth) Flail, the plaza in front of the Art Gallery, Public Flail (Weight-Lifting). In the vicinity also the Tokyo Bowling Centre, the Wrestling Gym­ is the Kishi Memorial Hall (used as the Organiz­ nasium and the Meiji Tennis Courts. ing Committee headquarters), the NHK Broadcast­ Komazawa Sjrorts Park:— The Komazawa ing Centre and the Yoyogi Olympic Village. Sports Park was ]jre])ared by the Tokyo Metropoli­ tan Government initially for the Tokyo Olympic Game Sites The 30 games sites were prepared Games, but also as a sports centre to used by the in accordance with the detailed plans and designs. citizens of Tokyo after the Olympic Games. If the The existing games sites used in the Olympic Games of the 12th Olympiad in 1940 had been held Games, were remedied or improved as required. in Tokyo as jjlanned, the athletic venues, the swim­ The task of drawing up designs, was left in the ming pools and the Olympic Village were to have hands of the designers who in turn considered the been constructed at this site. With the unfortunate expert opinions of those concerned. suspension of those 1940 Games due to the Interna­ As the minute details of the games sites gradually tional situation at that time, the original plan was emerged as the work progressed, on-the-spot re­ not materialized. The Komazawa Sports Park search was carried out at the games sites of the covers a total area of about 41 hectares—an area Rome and some othe past Olympic Games, and a little smaller than that under the original plan. the available statistics, maps and diagrams related The volley-ball courts and certain grounds had to the games sites of the past Olympic Games were already been constructed for the Third Asian obtained and studied, and officials of the various Games. Most of these existing facilities were in international sports organizations consulted. As the fact however removed to construct the new large designs became more concrete, some problems which sports ]rark. The basic plan for this was formulated had not been forseen in the early stage of the plan­ by Professor Eika Takayama of the Engineering ning manifest themselves. Restudy often had to be De]jartment of Tokyo University, and the plan was carried out going back to the early stage of the implemented after making careful study of the vari­ planning. Some 7.3 hectares in area, the National Stadium bleachers: 31 metres (above the field ous specific detailes. The Komazawa Sports Park, It took then a total of five years for the prepara­ was encircled by roads. The sub-tracks of the level) situated at a distance of about 9.1 kilometres from tions of the games sites: 2.5 years for planning, stadium were located outside of the stadium and Structure of floor:— Ferro-concrete: partly the Olympic Village, was connected with the Meiji about one year for designing and some 1.5 years across the road. Olympic Park by one of the principal roads. It steel-framed for the actual construction. The details of the The stadium itself is geographically about 2.2 has an equestrian park in its vicinity, and as the Four stories above the ground and canopies on games sites as well as various problems dealt with kilometres from the Yoyogi Olympic Village or park is in a residential area, play-grounds for chil­ the side of the main bleachers in the process of these completion can be outlined about 2.4 kilometres when the level roads are used, dren were also included in the plan. Sports facilities:—• as follows. and about 3.2 kilometres by the elevated highway. 'File facilities in the jjark, included an athletic Tracks: Eight-lane 400-metre track single- National Stadium Background and specifica­ ground, a gymnasium, an indoor volley-ball court, Stand:—• centre-circle, three-centimetre depth of tion:— Having been constructed first for the hockey grounds, football fields, (all these for the Total number of seats: 71,556 neo-H-brick coloured cinders (material Third Asian Games, the National Stadium was Olyirqric Games), swimming pools, volley-ball The seat size: 72-90 centimetresX42 similar to brick dust) expanded and remodeled to make it adequate for courts, several soft-ball baseball fields, a central centimetres Eield: 68.5 metresXlOO metres, covered with the Olympic Games: the seating capacity of the jjlaza, a bus centre, a control tower and playgrounds Size:—• a specially selected “Hime-Korai” Japa­ stands was expanded to accommodate 75,000 spec­ Ul! for children. All these facilities were designed Building: 26,991 sq. metres nese variety of lawn tators (the original capacity had been 52,000) and around the central square which, in turn, was Total floor space: 39,494 sq. metres Drainage pipes were provided underground on the grounds were remodeled and other necessary separated from the traffic around the park by Ground: 17,851 sq. metres the side of the main stands. improvements were made in the facilities. multi-level roads. Stand: 26,437 sq. metres Installations:— Several thousand forest trees and tens of thou­ Construction Lot:— The site where the Mei­ Measurements: 213 metresX262 metres Lighting: Average illumination 500 luxes; sands of shrubs were planted, and many flower-beds ji Stadium had stood in the Outer Garden of the Maximum width 1,500 luxes at goals, pits and circles were prepared in the park to add beauty to the Meiji Shrine, was located on the slope of the hilly of the Electronic bulletin board: place. region. The ground on the side of the main stands bleachers: 61 m etres 500 w ords (50 w ordsX 10 lines) The plan for the Komazawa Sports Park not only was low, with a difference in heights between the Maximum height The size of each letter: 50 centimetres proved an inqjortant adjunct to the smooth opera­ high and low ground of about 10 metres. of the (width) X 70 centimetres (length)

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 120 121

Photo finish apparatus:— The distance between the field and the Yoyogi Arena: 2,640 sq. metres (66 metresX40 Farge stop-clock indicating records Hydraulic chutes: Olympic Village is approximately the same as for m etres) Construction period:— Sejitember, 1957— Two systems the National Stadium. Auxiliary gymnasium: 660 sq. metres (36 July, 1958 Judge section— Press section— Photo finish Stand:— Number of seats: 17,569 Size:—■ metresX18.5 metres) Design:— Murata Masachika Architects Of­ apparatus room Building space: 10,015 sq. metres Structure, Height:— Ferroconcrete, partly fice Official’s room at the headquarters—Con­ Ground: 11,000 sq. metres. Stand: 8,350 sq. steel-framed; Four stories above the ground. Yokoyama Architects Structural Office trol room— Photo finish room metres. Measurements: 150 metres X80 metres Sports facilities: Builder:— Kida Construction Company Installation for watering the track: 8 systems, Structure of floor:— Main bleachers: Fer­ 66 metresX40 metres DFX-O-TFX (com­ As the shallow parts of the pool did not provide 155 ]jlaces, autom atic roconcrete; steel-framed roof; earth bleachers; pound of cork-dust and synthetic rubber) sufficient depth for the water-polo games, this Auxiliary facilities:— Offices for officials, single-story in all parts 2.5 centimetre thick shortcoming was overcome by raising the water conference rooms, waiting rooms for athletes, Sports facilities:— Small Gymnasium 36 metres X 18.5 metres surface of the pool. locker rooms for athletes (five each for men Field: 70 metresXlOO metres, covered with Installations:— Various kinds of fixtures and and women), a gymnasium, a swimming jjool, “Hirne-Korai” lawn turf. Foraminus apparatus used in gymnastics National Gymnasium Background:— It was a lecture hall, museum, a clinic, study rooms, fume tubes buried underground for drain- Fighting—the average illumination of 1,300 considered best to hold swimming races at an in­ offices for clerks, broadcasting and telecasting age. luxes door pool as the Olympic Games were being held booths, accommodation, dining rooms and tea Auxiliary facilities: Warming-up grounds, Electricity operated score recording apparatus in the autumn when the temperature was com­ rooms. club house Other facilities:— Focker rooms for athletes paratively low. From this viewpoint, as well as Additional Installation:—■ Construction schedule:— (eight), clinic, offices for officials and clerks from the expected number of spectators—swimming Broadcasting equi]mient: (care was given to First period 1951— 1964 Construction period:— January, 1963—May, races being very popular events in Japan—plans acoustic ])roblems) Second period December, 1963—August, 1964 1964 at first were made to construct a large indoor swim­ Elevators: 2 Design:— Kanto District Bureau of the Con­ Design:— Construction Bureau of the Tokyo ming pool with a capacity of accommodating about Cauldron and stand for the Sacred Olympic struction Ministry (extension work) Metropolitan Government 25,000 spectators. Fire: 2.1 metres (diametre) X2.1 metres Builder:— Hazama-gumi Company (exten­ Builder:— Kida Construction Company. And the National Stadium had been initially (height) fired by propane gas sion w ork) The small gymnasium was constructed close by constructed as a memorial building to the Third Construction jreriod:— Efforts were made to encourage the even growth the main gymnasium as a place for warming-up. Asian Games, it was planned to construct the in­ First ])eriod January, 1957—March, 1958 of the turf at this field and the National Stadium As the floor was not made of wood, wooden panels door swimming pool as a memorial building of the Second ]x'riod March, 1962—August, 1963 by installing the drainage system under the ground were placed on the floor. Tokyo Olympic Games. It was also ho]rcd that Design:—■ Kanto District Bureau of the Con­ in addition to the one on the surface. the facilities would be used permanently as a multi­ struction Ministry The main stands were expanded to increase the Tokyo Metropolitan Indoor Swimming Pool purpose indoor gymnasium, instead of merely as a Builder:— Taisei Construction Company capacity. Background:— This pool was built as a main swimming pool. Taking all these points into con­ Efforts were made initially to expand the stadium swimming pool for the Third Asian Games and is sideration, plans were advanced for a multi-jnirpose to house a capacity of 100,000. Flowever, this was Tokyo Metropolitan Gymna.sium Background:— close to the Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium. indoor gymnasium. It soon became clear however later for practical reasons limited to about 75,000 The Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium was con­ Having been designed for use in all of the four that it would not be feasible to construct a building by the size of the available area and the existing structed for the 1954 World Wrestling Champion­ seasons of the year, many new devices are incor­ accommodating as many as 25,000 spectators as facilities, d’he crescent-sha])ed stadium was decided ship Meet held in Tokyo. Having also served as porated to maintain the water temperature and the originally planned, and it was accordingly decided on from a number viewpoints, including the aesthe­ an important indoor game site in the Third Asian room temperature, while efforts have been made to proceed with plans for the construction of a tic appearance, and thus additional facilities were Games, the gymnasium then was used for the to alleviate the acoustic problems which an indoor multi-purpose gymnasium to accommodate sjrecta- added to the back bleachers. basket-ball games. At the time of the Olympic swimming pool presents. At the time of the Olym­ tors somewhat in excess of 10,000. In order to give the track adequate elasticity and Games, however, the gymnasium was used for pic Games, this indoor swimming pool was used for The site of the gymnasium had been known as hardness, various kinds of materials were thorough­ gymnastics, and for this reason, a small gymnasium water-polo games. the Yoyogi field. After the war, the field was used ly tested before deciding on the neo-H-brick col­ was added to the original building. Stand:— Total number of seats: 3,014, in­ by the US army as residential areas for dependent oured cinders. The lawn for the centre field was This building is on the former site of the resi­ cluding temporarily expected seats housing. chosen, after exhaustive studies of various kinds dence of Prince Tokugawa is used as the lot. The Size:— This Yoyogi district was studied along with other of lawn for several years, the turf chosen consisted Tokyo Metropolitan Indoor Swimming Pool and Total floor space: 13,416 sq. metres possible sites as a site for the indoor swimming pool, of several varieties of lawn available in Japan. the Tokyo Metropolitan Track and Field with a Arena: 50 metresX 20 metres racing pool with and was selected as the most suitable place for the This same turf also was used at other games sites. 300-metre track (sub-tracks of the National Sta­ nine courses, 25 metres X 20 metres diving pool. The majority of the residential buildings dium) are included in the area, and it is directly pool with a 10-metre high springboard. used by the US Forces personnel were ada]jted as Prince Chichibu Memorial Football Field Back­ connected with the National Stadium by land- Structure of floor:— Steel-flamed, ferrocon­ dormitories for the athletes in the Main Olympic ground:— Having been used as a rugby field bridges. Extending over a total area of 4.8 hectares, crete, three stories Village. The houses in the area o;i which the gym­ for many years, this field was adajrted as one of the it is located facing the hilly regions where the Attached facilities and installations:— Offices nasium was to stand were torn down. five football fields necessary for the Olympic Games. National Stadium stands. The low land created for officials, waiting room with heating facili­ This site is located at a very convenient point Focated inside the Outer Garden of the Meiji by the Shibuya River is sandwiched between these ties for athletes, locker room, clinic and ma­ from the standpoint of transportation, being close Shrine, the Gakushuin School for Girls occupied two hilly regions. chine room. to a railroad station, as well as to the principal this site before the war. The foundations of the Stand:— Total number of seats: 6,474 (in­ Fighting: average illumination of 600 luxes; and auxiliary roads. The land on which the main school still remain buried under the grounds, ob- cluding 1,208 temporarily built bleachers) 201 400-W mercury lamps gymnasium and its annex were constructed covers stracting adequate draining. The lot is 3.4 hectares Size:— Underwater lighting: 37 400-W mercury a total area of 9.1 hectares. in area. Total floor space: 12,287 sq. metres lam ps Stand— Total number of seats: 11,112

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library National Gymnasium (M iNalioiial (i\ fiiiiasiiiin

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o o o o

(Annex

Installations:— Heating and filtering instal­ Construction schedule:— February, 1963— lations for the pools; Ice-making apparatus August, 1964 Lighting: Average illumination of 800 luxes. Design:— Prof. K. Tange & Arctec. 'Team, At starting lines, 1,500 luxes (average lux at 1. Main Entrance Urbanists & Architects, Prof. Y. Tsuboi & 2. Entrance for pressmen the time of the Olympic Games 1,200, and at Assocs., Structural engineers. Prof. U. Inoue 3. Promenade starting lines at the time of the Olympic & Assocs., Mechanical engineers. 4. Parking Area Games, 2,000 luxes). Builder:— Shimizu Construction Company 5. Bus Terminal 6. Gate A Automatic clocks; Electrically-operated score­ Efforts were made to design a complex which 7 . Gate B board; covered, most efficiently from the standpoints of Other facilities:— Offices for officials, con­ both function and economy, the space of about 50 ference rooms, control room, locker rooms, including 2,134 seats temporarily used in the Structure and floor:— Ferroconcrete; roof, metres by 100 metres in area and also accommoda­ waiting rooms, guest rooms, press locker rooms 01yni|jic Gaines or swimming events suspended by the steel planels supported by tion for 15,000 seats. The question of balance was at the pool for training, dining rooms, tea Size;— tertiary cables running in the opposite direc­ duly considered as the whole district was to be rooms. Ground sjtace floor: 8,221 sq. m etres tions; Shingles; 4.5 millimetre steel sheets; two included, together with the Inner Garden of the As the gymnasium was to made available to Total floor space: 28,613 sq. m etres stories above the ground, two stories below Meiji Shrine, in a huge forest park to be con­ Ground floor in the main the public in the future (as swimming pools in structed after the Yoyogi Village was eventually summer and as an ice-skating rink in winter), building: 6,618 sq. metres Sport facilities:- removed. the gymnasium was also provided with ticket After considering all relevant factors the level 4’otal floor space of the Racing pool: 50 metresX 22 metres, eight offices, locker rooms and rooms from where ground floor in the main courses space was divided into crescent-shaped units, while skates could be rented. a suspension roof was adopted from the viewpoints building: 25,396 sq. m etres Diving pool: 22 metres X 22 metres Other Installations:— Heating and Ventilat­ of requirements of space, as well as of economical Ground floor in the annex: 1,603 sq. m etres Pool for training: 50 metres X 12 metres, six ing installations, air conditioning installations 'Total floor space of the courses construction. In order to create the restful atmos­ (annexed rooms only); Closed circuit ground floor in the annex: 3,217 sq. metres Diving board: 10m. 7.5rn. 5m. 3m. Im. phere and the feeling of freedom, garden corridors broadcasting equipment; Independent power Roof, 25 metres high; main pillars, 40 m etres When used as an ice-skating rink: 40 metresX were constructed on different levels along the ex­ plant; high 72 m etres terior part of the building.

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 124 125

Althougli all requirements for tlie jrarking lots lifting events that the stage on which the event Komazawa Olympic Park Stadium could not fulfilled by reason of the area available, held were viewed from three directions, an am- ininiimun necessities were secured. jihitheatre-type stracture. With its future use in d’he problem of lighting, air-conditioning or mind, however the hall was designed on the same acoustics were admirably solved in the context of architectural principles of a regular theatre. the s|)ecial structural feature of this building. Good The Shibuya Ward had plans to construct a |i| III III roTiiiiiiii - heating efficiency was obtained because of the re­ complex of ward offices and a public hall, these IIMiJIMil'tdillMillMillliMltitdlMillliMIWIBil latively small air capacity resulting from the struc­ overall plans were made use of. ture of the cresent-sliaped roof. In order to main­ The land area extended over a total area of tain constant light, use of the lighting system was 1.26 hectares with parking lots constructed under­ la I ! | [III illN'iitillM IM TtitjIliM lliM iatlllM IM iM IW illim iBilim itiW im iW illM IM IIIil llll desirable at all times. But in order to avoid such ground. uneconomical use of the lighting system, natural Stand:- - Total number of seats: 2,222 lighting equipment was devised through the roof- Size:— supporting cables. Building area: 2,314 sq. metres 'I’otal floor space: 8,151 sq. metres National (iyninasiuin Annex Ihe annex was Stage space: 255 sq. metres constructed on the same area as the swimming Structure and floor:— Ferroconcrete; four ])ool in order to |rrovide a gymnasium not included floors above the ground, one below in the other plan. As basketball games were to be Attached facilities:— Stage (revolving stage) : held here, outdoor courts for training were built for Dressing rooms and dining rooms temporary use. It was so planned as to be adajtta- An auxiliary training hall: 15 metres by 13 ble later to other purposes, such as conventions. metres—was set up at a place directly con­ Stand; d’otal number of seats: 3,929 nected with the stage, where the platform for performance was placed. About 50 tem- Area, Scope:- - ]torary locker rooms were provided by using Ground floor space: ,3,144 scp metres A'. one part of the ward office space. Offices Size:— “Hime-Korai” lawn, as in the case of the National 'I’otal floor s])ace: 5.591 scp metres for officials also were set up using another area Building space: 13,668 sq. metres Stadium . Court space: 1,287 sq. metres 1;! of the ward office space. Total floor space: 12,060 sq. metres Partly from economic reasons and jrartly from F 1 (circle with a diamètre of Attached installations:— Stage lighting equip­ Bleachers space: 10,222 sq. metres the fact that no events were required to be held at 40.5 metres) ment. Projection equipment. An independent Ground space: 18,830 sq. m etres night, no lighting system was installed. Heights of eaves: 13.185 metres ]tower plant Scoreboards. Structure and floor:— Ferroconcrete, Ferroconcrete, three Pillars: 42.29 metres Constructed period:— April, 1963—March, stories Komazawa Gymnasium 'I’his was located at the Structure and floor:- - Ferroconcrete; roof, 1964. Construction of the parts related to the Sports facilities:— Single-centre-circle 400- opposite side of the athletic site. 'f'he Central suspended from the panels siqqjorted by cables Olympic Games was mostly completed by inetre track with eight courses, finished with Plaza was sandwiched between these two. 'The running in the o]jposite directions, September, 1964, and construction of the re­ neo-H-brick coloured cinders; 70 metresXlOS gymnasium, along with the I'okyo Metrojjolitan k'acilities:- - Offices for officials, locker rooms, maining overall building plan was resumed metres field covered with the “Hime-Korai” Gymnasium, was constructed as recreation facilities guest rooms, offices for clerks and dining rooms after the Olympic Games. lawn turf. Sub-track used as a hockey field for the citizens of Tokyo in the future. The wres­ Attached installations:--- lighting; Aver­ Design:— Architectural Mode Institute. in the Olympic Games was later converted into tling events were held here by placing three mats age illumination 800 luxes (1,100 lux at the Builder:- - Kajima Construction Company. a 300 metre track on the floor. time of the Olympic Games) Air condition­ Installations:— Electrically-operated score­ Stand:— Total number of seats: 3,875 ing installations (only for bleachers) Various Komazawa Stadium (Track and Field) Back­ board Size:—• bulleting boards, clocks and closed circuit ground:— Constructed in the Komazawa Sports Auxiliary facilities:— Offices for officials, con­ Building space: 6,390 sq. metres broadcasting equi]tment Park (42 hectares), it is similar to the National ference rooms, locker rooms, waiting rooms, Total floor space: 7,923 sq. metres Construction jreriod and Designers:— Same Stadium in its facilities, only smaller in size. It was clinic, maintenance office, guest rooms, lodg­ Court space: 1,621 sq. metres (36.15 as the National Stadium to function as a venue for athletic event in Tokyo, ings, dining rooms and lecture halls metresX44.85 metres) Builder:— Obayashi-gumi Company. as well as serve as a venue for events other than Attached Installations;— Loudspeaker sys­ H eight: 21 m etres (from the side 'Hie number of seats for sjrectators was limited sports events or gatherings. Football games were tem; relay broadcasting and telecasting equip­ of the Central Scjuare) to 4,000 taking into consideration the expected held at this stadium during the Olympic Games. ment; water sprinkling system for the grounds; Breadth of the need in the future. A part of the outdoor parking Bleachers are constructed on the side facing the heating equipment sunken-garden: 108 metres lot was remodeled into an 0]3en-air court for train­ Central Plaza of the park, while the bleachers on Construction period:— September, 1962— Structure and floor:— Ferroconcrete; Main ing by installing lighting equijrment. For the the back side of the stadium are directly connected May, 1964 Design:— Murata Masa- roof, steel-framed ferroconcrete H.P. shell, one maintenance and management of the annex, the with the roads around the park. The central con­ chika Architects Office Builder:—Toda- story above the ground, one below facilities and ec|uipment at the main building were trol centre for various games sites and facilities are gumi Company. Sports facilities and equipment:- - 'Fliree used. located in the stadium. As this game site was set up within athletic area, wrestling mats, electrically-operated score­ Stand:— Total number of seats: 20,784. Seats the field was actually a little small for a football boards Shibuya Public Hall B ackground;— It is reserved for distinguished visitors; 20. Special field. The field was actually a little small for a Lighting: Fluorescent lamps giving an average initially thought desirable in the case of weight­ seats: 120. Press seats: 152. football field. The field was covered with the illumination of 500 luxes, (at the time of the

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 126 127

KoiiiaziiHu (>yninasiuiu would be played in Komazawa Olympic park, Construction period:— December, 1962-- three fields were prepared in this park area. The June, 1964 Design:— Tokyo Metropoli­ first hockey field w'as designed to form one unit tan Olympic Facilities Office Builder:— together with the volley-ball court. Of the three Takeshita-gumi Company hockey fields, the first being more elaborately equip­ ped, this W'as the one used for the game finals. The Third Hockey Field Background: A Stand:— Total number of seats: 2,056 sub-track of the athletes area adjacent to the Size:—• second hockey ground was used as a third hockey Building space: 112 sq. metres ground. In addition to the ground there was a Total floor space: 410 sq. metres stand, and other facilities and installations. Field: 6,890 sq. metres (104.4 Stand:— Total number of seats: 2,343 metresX66 metres) Size:— Stand: 1,946 sq. metres Building space: 280 sq. metres Structure and floor:- Ferroconcrete building. Ground: 9,900 sq. metres Moulded concrete stands Stand: 1,100 sq. metres Sports facilities and installations:— One Attached facilities and installations:— Room hockey field (50 metresX91 metres) covered for officials, players’ dressing rooms, dispensary wrestlitig matches from 1,500 to 3,500 luxes ley-ball court constructed for the Third Asian with “Hime-Korai” lawn turf. Construction period:— December, 1962— on the mat surface was provided). Games was small in size. According to the original Illumination; Average 800 luxes September, 1964 Design:— Ogi Archi­ Auxiliary facilities, eciui])ment:—- Offices, plan, this court was to be used as it w'as, but it Electric scoreboard tectural Office Builder:— Kajima Con­ weighing rooms, clinic, locker rooms, lounge, later became desirable to prepare a court with Splinkler installations for lawn struction Company guests rooms, loudspeaker system, control cen­ wooden floor and the stands with a seating capacity Attached facilities and installations:— Rooms tre, sunkcn-garden, air-conditioning installa­ of from 4,000 to 5,000 spectators, a new gymnasium for officials, players and management and Waseda LJniversity Memorial Hall Background:— tions (only for the bleachers), ventilating sys­ for volley-ball which also could be used for other operation of the games were all set up inside The memorial hall was constructed in 1957 in com­ tem, lighting control centre, relay broadcasting ball games was constructed. the volley-ball arena. memoration of the 75th anniversary of the Uni­ and telecasting ec|uipment Located at the opposite side of the Central Plaza Construction period:— December, 1962— versity. The hall was designed to be used as a Oonstruction period:-- August, 1962- March, across the bus centre, this and the nearby hockey June, 1964 Design:— Tokyo Metro­ ceremony hall, a meeting hall and a gymnasium, 1964 Design:—Ashiwara Yoshinobu Archi­ ground made one unit. politan Olympic Facilities Office and it had been used during the Third Asian Games tects Office, Orimoto Sho Structural Office, Stand: Total number of seats: 3,908, includ­ Builder:— Zenidaka-gumi Company in 1958 as the site of the table tennis tournament Architectural Facilities Research Institute. ing 1,300 temporary seats Hockey grounds require a more delicate lawn and it has been widely used as a conference site by Builder: - Kajima Construction Company. Size:— than that of football field, but the same turf as those both within and outside the University. In the light of the events to be held here and of Building sjtace: 4,805 sq. metres with the football field grass was used here by The fencing events were held in this hall during the exjrected number of spectators, it was necessary Total floor space: 10,069 sq. metres changing somewhat the cultivation methods. This the Olympic Games, and the number of competi­ to pre])are three mats, each measuring more than Court space: 1,912 sq. metres (35.4 was also case with the Second and Third hockey tions necessitated the using of twelve pistes, and 42 metres at one side of the court surface. A seat­ metresX51.3 metres) grounds. accordingly tw o additional ]3istes were set up on ing capacity from 4,000 to 5,000 people was desira­ Structure and floor:— Ferroconcrete; roof, the stage. ble. All these points were taken into consideration steel pipes, two stories above the ground, one Komazawa Second Hockey Field Background Site:— The memorial hall is on the com­ in designing the game site. It was also necessary below'. and site:— The second hockey ground was con­ pound of Waseda University, adjacent to the Uni­ to ])re[)are locker rooms for use independently by Sports facilities and equipment:— Temporary structed with a view to its future utilisation as a versity’s Literature School classrooms. Some of athletes of each country, thus making it necessary wooden floor for the court. Outdoor court for stadium for various recreational activities, and it these classrooms were adapted as rooms for officials, to prepare many locker rooms. Some rooms, thus, practice served as an auxiliary hockey ground during the while the building of the Physical Education Facul­ were converted into teni[)orary locker rooms for Lighting: The average illumination, 700 luxes Olympic Cames. The ground is located in a green ty of the University was also used for officials’ this purpose. (1,140 60-W fluorescent lamps, 24 1-KW area of the Park. The stand is small in scale and rooms and players’ locker rooms. It is located 8 Special scoreboards also were installed for tem­ incandescent lamps) is mostly mounded on the ground. kilometres from the Olympic Village and can be porary use. Enough illumination was provided by Scoreboard: Electric clock. Stand:— Total number of seats: 3,432, in­ reached in 25 minutes by bus. These facilities installing the same lighting system as used on the Attached facilities and equipment:— Offices cluding 1,540 temporary seats covered on area of one hectare. stage. for officials, conference rooms, locker rooms, Size:— Stand:— Total number of seats: 2,194 llie entire building of the gymnasium was con­ clinic, relay broadcasting and telecasting equip­ Building space: 469 sq. metres Size:— Building space: 4,040 sq. metres structed in a large, round pit, resulting in the crea­ m ent Total floor space: 636 sq. metres Total floor space: 5,800 sq. metres tion of four crescent-shaped sunken-gardens on Construction period:— December, 1962— G round: 9,200 sq. metres (80 Arena space: 2,280 sq. metres four sides of the building. These sunken-gardens June, 1964 metresXI15 metres) (40 metresX57 metres) were used for various purposes. The sub-press- Design:— The Tokyo Metropolitan Olympic Facilities and installations:— A room for of­ Stage space: 256 sq. metres centre for the entire Komazawa Sports Park was Facilities Office ficials, locker rooms and administration offices (40 metresX6.4 metres) located inside the sunken-garden housing of various Builder:— Zenidaka-gumi Company were housed in a ferro-concrete two-story H eight: 21.4 metres service facilities. Komazawa First Hockey Field Background and building beneath the main stand. Height of eaves: 11.5 metres Konia/.awa Volley-Ball Court The outdoor vol­ site:— With the decision that all hockey games Loudspeaker system Height of ceiling: 16.8 metres Electric scoreboard S tructure and floor:- Two-storied buildiuEf,

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library I2H 129

reinforced concrete, steel frame, steel hinged increased over the individual pistes to maintain metres, about 20 minutes via the surface streets. There were also some 30 small rooms jn’ovided. arch. brightness of about 1,500 luxes. There was no Stand:— Total number of seats: 4,467 Construction period:— August, 1964—Sep­ Sports facilities and installations:— 10 pistes particular need for air cooling installation and the Size:—■ tember, 1964 Design:—■ The Architec­ (40 nietresX57 metres each) on the hard wood games were held with mechanical air circulation Area: 12,229 sq. metres tural Department of Mitsubishi Real Estate flooring finished with linseed oil. 2 pistes ventillation only. Building space: 6,684 sq. metres Company, Ltd. Builder:— Mitsubishi (40 metresX6.4 metres each) on the flooring Total floor space: 1,482 sq. metres Real Estate Company, Ltd. stage finished with linseed oil. Korakuen Ice Palace Background and site: H eight: 16 m etres As already pointed out there was a problem con­ Illumination:— Average: 300 luxes Over Korakuen is an amusement centre near the heart Structure and floor:— This is a reinforced cerning advertisements inside the Ice Palace, but individual jhstes: 1,500 luxes of Tokyo and includes a baseball stadium, a cycling concrete building with a steel-frame trussed this was solved satisfactorily by covering these Attached facilities and installations:— The race track, an ice skating rink, a bowling centre, dome, single story. signs. The number of the auxiliary rooms under Physical Education Facility Building was playing groups and other recreational facilities. Sports facilities and installations:— One box­ the stand however were not adequate for the events, adajHed to rooms for officials, a conference The boxing events of the Olympic Games were ing ring was temporarilly installed. and all the rooms except the warming-up room room, jrlayers’ waiting rooms and a guest room. held in the Ice Palace of this centre. The Ice Illumination for the ring:— Average: 1,500 were housed in on adjacent building, fl'his adjoin­ ]jOuds]x;aker system Palace had been used in the past for various indoor luxes ing building was linked to the arena by a covered Construction jreriocl: - September, 1955— sports and circus shows. Being a commercial estab­ Auxiliary facilities and installations:— A room corridor, and could virtually be regarded as being October, 1956 IJesign:— Tachu Naito, lishment, however, the Palace had a number adver­ for officials, a conference room and a warming- in the same building. Morio Takeuchi and the Building Section of tisements painted or posted inside, and these were up room, (the following rooms'were all in the Waseda University Builder:- Toda- removed or covered over during the days where adjacent building), a gloving room, a medical Nippon Budokan Hall Background:— A plan gumi Comjjany. the building was used for the Boxing events to room, dressing rooms. The adjacent building to build a permanent hall for traditional Japanese There are dressing rooms and other rooms under ensure that the spirit of the Olympic Charter was stands 50 metres from the Ice Palace and it is sports had been envisaged for some time before the the stand of the Memorial Hall, but these are small not infringed. a ferro-concrete two-story structure with a 1964 Olympic Games. This plan was finally real­ in scale, and this necessitated the using of facilities As traffic is heavy and road conditions not per­ total floor space of about 1,095 square metres. ized in the form of the Nippon Budokan Hall by of adjacent buildings. The Physical Education fect around the Korakuen, a pedestrian bridge was Bureau Building is located about 10 metres from constructed from amusement centre to the nearby the exit near the stage of the hall. National Railways station Suidobashi, where the The Memorial Hall is a ferro-concrete four-story flow of spectators is usually most heavy. All the Nippon Budokan Hall (Floor plan) building with a total floor S])ace of 562.5 square other recreational installations in Korakuen were metres. The class-rooms of the literature School closed to the public during the boxing events of arc further away from the Hall. In all some 304 the Games, so that likely traffic conjestion could 1 Playing area 2 Stands square metres of the school building was used. be for the main part eliminated. Part of the facili­ 3 Entrance / Exit The lighting installations provided an overall ties were made available as parking lots during the 4 Office floor brightness of 300 luxes, while the centre por­ Games period. tion measured 1,000 luxes. As this was not how­ The arena is 8.8 kilometres and about 15 minutes ever bright enough for the events, lighting was from the Olympic Village by expressway or 9 kilo-

Ninnon Biidokuii Hull

I II I I II 11 111 im

ffrm

11

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 130

along the embankments. the surroundings beautiful. The lake is a well taking advantage of the opportunity of the Olympic Attached facilities and installations:— Prac­ Size and others:— known leisure resort and makes an ideal day’s Games needs. The Hudokan Hall was used as the tice areas for Judo, Kendo, Kyudo and Sumo. Course: 2,400 metres long, 90 outing from the Tokyo-Yokohama area. This is site of the Olympic judo events and also for the Rooms for officials, locker rooms for competi­ metres wide and 3 in Kanagawa Prefecture and a number of facilities demonstrations of traditional Japanese sports, tors, dispensary, administration offices, a con­ metres deep are provided by the Kanagawa Prefecture Govern­ [Kendo (fencing), Kyudo (archery) and Sumo trol room, massage room, shower rooms with Surface space: about 22 hectares ment. Besides the existing 2,000-metre canoe race (wrestling)]. sauna, a museum and a library. Both banks: concrete-embanked course was constructed to stage the 01yni])ic canoe­ According to the original establishment utiliza­ Air conditioning equipment Two pontoons: 40.0 metresX 7.0 metres ing events. The existing ground facilities were tion plan, the judo events had been scheduled to Loudspeaker each fully used and additional temporary spectator seats take place at a projected temporary arena to be Construction period:— October, 1963—Sep­ Starting pier for boats were built for the events. erected oti the swimming pool inside the National tember, 1964 Design:— Mamoru Yama- Course-separating signs Lake Sagami was situated 58 kilometres from the Gymnasium after the completion of the swimming da Architectural Office Huilder:— Ta- Pump installations for changing water Yoyogi Olympic Village, and as this took some one competitions. The construction of the Hudokan kenaka Construction Company Hall being expected to be completed in sufficient Upper and Lower Water-Gates and a half hours to reach, a detached Village for The course was found to be narrow for the crews was built at the lake-side, and provided time lor the Olymjjics, the jtlan was changed to Toda Rowing Course Background:— Toda practice rowing, so a pier for practice and accommodation for all participating crew members. hold the judo events exclusively at the Hudokan Rowing Course was included in the establishment temporary boathouses were constructed to Location: Sagami-machi, Tsukui-gun, Kana­ Hall. This Hall as a symbol of Japanese s])orts, plan for the 12th Olympic Games scheduled to make practice possible in the mainstream of gawa Prefecture was constructed along the traditional Japanese have been held in Tokyo in 1940. Although these the Arakawa river. Facilities on lake:— architectural lines, and is said to have been de­ Games were not in fact held, the construction of a Boathouse:— The nine 1,000 metres courses were all signed after the form of an ancient temple hall, rowing course, though reduced in scale from the Huilding space: 1,728 sq. metres separated. Buoys were fixed at every 20 metres and together with the stone wall, of the Imperial original plan, started and was completed in 1939. Total floor space: 3,456 sq. metres to the course rope, which was securely bal­ Palace, presents a unique atmosphere in the sur­ The course was 2,400 metres long, 70 metres wide Steel-framed two-story building anced by the gravity tension of the steel ro]>e rounding area. and about 3 metres deep on the average, with a First floor: Boathouse and Repair Shop spanned from the shore underwater, and the Site:— The building site is ]jart of the ancient wave-breaking device provided on the bank. This Second floor: Locker rooms and Lounge buoyancy of the markings. Kdo castle ground. I’he site itself and its neigh­ course had contributed to the progress of Japan’s Headquarters building:— Facilities on land:— bouring area is laid out as a park, and open space rowing techniques on the whole as it was the only Building space: 415 sq. metres A temporary steel stand of 15 tiers with a around the Hudokan served well for parking lots still water course in this country. After World Total floor space: 830 sq. metres seating capacity of 1,500. during the events. As the area lies inside the War II, however, the whole course was left in dis­ Steel-framed two-story building Main hall: Inforced-concrete, 3 stories former castle compound, the one exit of the land is repair and later a commercial motor-boat race Rooms for officials, rooms for press and a ç;uest Building space: 353 sq. metres in fact a former gate of the castle. This posed course was set up on part of the course. room 320 spectator seats on the roof-top. Total floor space: 1,167 sq. metres some traffic ]3roblems by reason of its narrow When the decision to hold the Games of the Construction period:— Course expansion Officials’ rooms, guest room, a race administra­ entrance. At the other exit, however, traffic flows 18th Olympiad in Tokyo, two separate plans were work: January, 1963—September, 1963 tion room freely, inasmuch as the exit is connected with five compartively studied for the rowing events, the streets that run through the castle couqtound, and one was to expand Toda rowing course and the Ground facilities: October, 1963—March, Boathouse: Steel-framed, 3 storied with cor­ 1964 rugated asbesto slates an exit of an expressway. The entire space of the other was to construct a new course on a lake or Design:— Course: The Kanto District Con­ park is about 1.05 hectares. In addition to the other water front. The former plan was in fact Building space: 1,346 sq. metres struction Bureau of the Construction Ministry. Hudokan Hall, there are several other buildings in adopted and the Toda course was widered to 90 Total floor space: 2,356 sq. metres Ground facilities: Sanza Architectural Office Dressing rooms and lounges the park. metres and deepened to an average of 3 metres. Builder:— The Hall is 7 kilometres and 10 minutes from The surface of 2,400 metres long and 90 metres The accommodation capacity: 150 shells Course: Urawa Construction Company, Ltd. (eights) the Olympic Village via an exjrressway and 7.3 wide furnished an area wide enough for six separ­ Ground facilities: Fukuda-gumi Company. Ltd. kilometres and 15 minutes through ordinary streets. ate courses and long enough for the 2,000 metre Others: One wooden boathouse for use of The course being a canal, wind conditions race operation .Stand:- - Total number of seats: 15,176 long course of the Olympic rowing events. It changed a little according to a point in the course. .Size:— remained however to provide adequate installations Judging tower: The tower W'as not in fact Tree planting was sord to be a very effective coun­ Huilding space: 8,294 sq. metres on the banks, to allow the area to function as a used during the Olympic Games, be­ Total floor space: 18,526 sq. m etres rowing course. ter-measure for that, but this was not feasible in cause it had been built for 2,000 metre race course. A rena: 600 sq. m etres The entire rowing course site covers some 52 this case. The wave problem was related to the (30 metresX20 metre) hectares on the inside of the embankment on the slope of both sides, but part of the concrete em­ Construction period: July, 1962—August, H eight: 42 m etres north bank of the Arakawa river. The surrounding bankment stood vertical due to reasons of struc­ 1963 Design:— Oyane Architects Office tural convenience. Height of eaves: 16 m etres area was in the form of park land area. It was found difficult to install, by ordinary Although the course is 12.5 metres wide, it met methods, separate courses on the lake which is Structure and floor:- Reinforced-concrete Boathouses and club houses of various universities fully the requirements as the Olympic rowing considerably deep and has no solid foundation at !)uilding, three stories above the ground and are in the site and some privately-owned land was course by placing course separating signs at inter­ the bottom. After various methods had been two stories below also included in the overall area used on this Sports facilities and installations:— One arena occasion. vals of 20 metres. studied, the construction method mentioned above Lake Sagami Background:— Lake Sagami was adopted. (convertible for use of other Japanese sports The rowing course is located 28.6 kilometres and is an artificial lake with a multi-purpose dam. events) 60 minutes from the Olympic Village. The distance between the Yoyogi Olympic Vil­ The surface space is 2.4 square kilometres and the lage and the lake being considered inconvenient for Illumination:—■ Stand:— The spectator stand provided 8,262 greatest depth is 45 metres. Fish abound in the Average: 2,500 luxes seats. In addition, many thousands of people daily transportation, a detached Village for crew lake, and the trees around the lake are dense and members was provided. Electric scoreboard, etc. were able to watch competitions by lining

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library T

132 1 3 3

Hachioji Velodrome ...Background;-- As there was some 43 kilometres from Tokyo and required Attached facilities and installations:— A room kilometres. Thus, there were some portions of the was no velodrome specially designed for amateur some 70 minutes travelling time from the main for officials, an administration office, dressing course where the wddth was only 4.5-metre wide. cyclists in this country, any such events had been Olympic Village at Yoyogi. rooms and medical room. The course also included part of the busy high- held at velodromes for professional races, which Location:— Nagafusa, Hachioji City, Tokyo. Construction period:— March, 1964—August, w'ay No. 20, though the course itself and the part are oi somewhat dilferent construction than ama­ Stand:— Total number of seats: 4,122 (all 1964 Design:— Ito Kisaburo Architec­ of that highway were closed to the public on the teur cycling arenas. I ’he existed cycling facilities tem porary) tural Institute. Builder:— Inoue Kogyo days of the events. Part of the Hachioji municipal available were inadecjuate as Olympic velodromes Size:— Co., Ltd. road was improved to allow adequate by pass facili­ because of difi'erences in structure, particularly in Building space: 2,385 sq. metres Cement mortar was considered as suitable ma­ ties for the diverted traffic to prevent conjestion. tracks, and these would have required to be re­ Total floor space: 3,253 sq. metres terial for the cycling track in view of weather con­ modeled or in some cases to improved. After care- Stand space: 2,385 sq. metres ditions. The temporary nature of the arena made Omiya Football F'ield Background and site:— lul consideration it was decided to build a new Structure and floor:— Piste: Steel pipe it inadvisable to construct a jointless track with At least four football fields were needed to stage temporary velodrome for the Olynqjic events and iranied, reinforced-concrete construction concrete from the bottom of the structure in view the football preliminary leagues because of the that was to be dismantled after the Games. Stand: Steel-framed, single story. of the cost and time factor involved in building number of matches and the fact that turf on the There were a number of situations considered Race facilities and installations:— and later removal. A steel-framed ferro-concrete fields required some 48 hours between each games. for the new velodrotne, but the Ryonan ground in Track: 400 metres in one round Straight track was finally chosen, since it required only a The Omiya Football Field was created as one of Hachioji city was finally chosen in consideration portion of the track 7.428 metres wide. comparatively short construction period, and could the two additional arenas besides the Prince Chi- ol its jH'oximity to the starting and goal lines of The maximum width of the curve portion be economically constructed. The maximum angle chibu Memorial Football Field and Komazawa the Olympic Gycling Road Race Gourse. The 5.303 metres. The track was shaped in of cant was 45 degrees and some difficulty was Stadium, both of which were chosen as the main ground has splendid natural surroundings, and gentle curve. Canted angle of the straight experienced in flattening the high portion of the sites of the Olympic football events in the original though rather small proved adequate for this pur­ portion: 15 degrees. Canted angle of track. plan. The field was designed as one of the sport­ pose. A later decision was made to build also a the curved portion: 45 degrees. ing facilities constructed in the Omiya prefectural detached Village for the cyclists within the same Underground passageways (linking the field Hachioji Cycling Road Race Course Back­ park to be used for community recreational pur­ compound. Almost the entire area therefore ex- with repair shops and other rooms). Photo­ ground:— The course stretched over Hachioji poses in the future. ce])t the piste lot was devoted to the Village. The graph judging installations. City and its three neighbouring cities (Hino, Ta- Site:— 2.8 hectares The field is located total area was 4.6 hectares and this arena itself No illumination provided. chikawa and Akishima), in the western suburbs of 47 kilometres from the Yoyogi Olynqric Vil­ Tokyo with Hachioji as its centre. The route was lage and can be reached in about 112 minutes 1 . Main Stand I lachioj 1 \ ronu* from Tokyo. 2 . Photo Booth based mainly upon the one used in the Third Asian 3 • Clock Stand Games cycling events, though considerable improve­ Location:— 4-chome, Takahana-cho, Omiya 4 • Electric Score-board ments were added and a new road was included. City, Saitama Prefecture 5 . Underground Passage In order to provide a variety to the course, a new’ Stand:— Total number of seats: 14,392 road and a by-pass were constructed w'here traffic Size:—■ was congested and bridges and land bridges were Building space: 1,980 sq. metres repaired or expanded. Stand space: 4,200 sq. metres The starting and goal lines of the individual and Sports facilities and installations:— Arena: team races were set up near the velodrome. A 10,400 sq. metres (130 metres X 80 metres, temporary stand was established on the pavements turfed) in the three streets. Attached facilities and installations:-- Rooms Stand:— Total number of seats: 3,000 (all for officials, locker rooms and administration tem porary) offices Particulars:— Individual course: 23.44 kilo­ Construction period:— October, 1963—Se])- metres in full length 4.5 to 22 metres in width tember, 1964 Design:— Nohsu Yoshi- Team course: 36 kilometres in full length 6.5 aki Architects Office Builder:— Shod to 22 metres in width Construction Company Other facilities and installations:— Rooms for As the site occupies an edge of the jrark, amjjle officials, and dressing rooms were all provided open space around the field was not available and within the velodrome. the presence of underground water under the field The individual and team race courses had been necessitated provision of additional drainage facili­ originally planned as being separate. After having ties. secured the lands for the individual and team race course (six metres and eight metres w'ide respec­ Mitsuzawa Football F'ield The field was adopted tively) the preparation work was started, and some as one of the Olympic football fields to be used in concern was voiced that the 20 kilometre course conjunction with Omiya Football Field. This field might cause confusion among competitors, if many is situated in the Mitsuzawa sports park owned by ■■■"'TU teams were to participate in this event. To make Yokohama City. The field was newly designed and the course longer, the considerable part of the indi­ rebuilt on the site where the football field with the vidual course was added to the original 20 kilo­ same name had once existed as a community re­ metre team race route, extending the length to 36 creational centre.

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 134 135

Ijocated 33 kilometres from the Yoyogi Olympic Construction period:— April, 1964—August, Equestrian Park Village it can be reached in 85 minutes. 1964. Design:— The Facilities Division Area:— 2.2 hectares Location:— Mi- of the Olympic Organizing Committee 1 Mens Quarters 2 Womens Quarters tsuzawa-nishiniachi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama Builder:— Nishizuka Construction Company 3 Office Clity, Kanagawa Prefecture. 4 Dressage Ground Stand:— Total number of seats :10,102 Tokyo University’s Kemigawa Combined Athletic 5 Riding Hall Size:—■ Grounds According to the original plan for the 6 Stables 7 Veterinary Facilities building space: 6,006 sq. metres Modern Pentathlon competition grounds, Kinuta 8 Quarantine Area "J'otal floor s])ace: 8.696 sq. metres Coif Course, together with Asaka Park, was se­ Stand s]jace: 8.696 sq. metres lected as the cross-country race site for the final Structure and floor:- Reinforced concrete. events. This plan was however abandoned and two-story building the Modern pentathlon site finally chosen was the S])orts facilities and installations:- A rena: Tokyo University Kemigawa athletic grounds, in­ 1 1,200 sq. metres (80 metresX140 metres). asmuch as these grounds were found to be admira­ The field is covered with “Hime-Korai” a bly suitable for the cross-country race at the time Japanese variety of turf. they were used as a training centre for Olympic I here was also a turfed practice field near the athletes and as the cross-country race grounds in rest house. the Modern pentathlon of the Tokyo International Attached facilities and installations:— Rest Sports Week. house (se])arate building) A room for officials, Site:— Area: 26.0 hectares a conference room, dis]jensary and administra­ 39.9 kilometres from the Yoyogi Olympic Vil­ tion office. lage No illumination was jrrovided for the field. Location:— Ohara-machi, Chiba City, Chiba Automatic s])rinkler equi]unent. Prefecture. Clonstruction ]jeriod: - February, 1963—Sep­ Ground:— The full length: 4,000 metres. tember, 1964 Design:-- Fukunaga Ar­ Difference between the aggregate high and ; ■ chitects Office. low grounds: 75 metres Builder:- - Fujita-gumi Company Attached facilities and installations:— innpnn Spectator seats: 504 (temporary stand) and Asaka-Nezu l^ark (Modern Pentathlon) The 1,000 in the gallery. jrark was chosen as the site of the riding race in A club house, dressing rooms, a lounge, rooms the general public. Attached facilities and installations:— Rooms the Modern Pentathlon, as it is located near Tokyo for officials and an administration office A rea:— 19.1 hectares. It is located 9.1 for officials, a conference room, locker rooms, and easily accessible from the Yoyogi Olympic Design:— The Facilities Division of the kilometres and 30 minutes from the Yoyogi a dispensary, illumination installations, loud­ Village, and is in a wide ex]3anse of ojren country Olympic Organizing Committee Olympic Village. speaker system, ventilation equipment used as the Ja])anese Ground Defense F^orces’ dril- Location: 3-1 Tamagawa Yoga-machi, Seta- Construction period:— February, 1963— ling ground. The modern pentathlon was not yet Equestrian Park It was natural that the Eques­ gaya-ku, Tokyo March, 1964 Design:— Matsuda-Hirata well developed in Japan and consequently the selec­ trian Park was chosen as the site of the equestrian Outdoor track:— Designing Office Builder:— Sato Ko- tion of adequate venues was com]fieted only with events of the 1964 Olympic Games, because the Spectator seats: 2,617 (all temporary) gyo Company, Ltd. some difficulty. Ihe site chosen was adjacent to park has long served as a research centre of breed Track area: 8,820 sq. metres (70 Stables:— the Asaka Shooting Range, where the rolling pine improvement and as training grounds of race horses metresX126 metres) Four buildings forest area has been the site of ecjuestrian events. and jockeys. Its facilities included a track (2,400 Attached facilities:— Various administration Area, size and others (per building) The Asaka-Nezu Park is situated 24.8 kilometres metres round), a jumping course, a polo ground, offices (tem porary) Riding hall: Spec- Building space: 787.6 sq. metres from the Olympic Village and can be reached in a sand track, a club house, stables, billets, research tator seats: 2,302 Accommodation capacity: 40 horses 53 minutes. centre and other facilities. In preparation for the Size:—■ Concrete-block and light steel-framed building, Area:— 69.5 hectares Location:— Asa- 1964 Olympics, these facilities were fully improved Building space: 7,088 sq. metres single story ka-machi, Kita adachi-gun, Saitama Prefec­ or enlarged. Total floor space: 7,635.7 sq. metres Facilities and installations:— Work shops, ture The combined equestrian events were decided to Structure and floor:— A reinforced-concrete, forage sheds, horse equipments sheds Sports facilities and installations: be held in Karuizawa, while the Grand Prix Dres­ three-story building Construction period:— February, 1963— The length of the course: 1,500 metres sage was set to take place at the remodeled polo Sports facilities and installations:— March, 1964 The average width: 10 metres ground in the Equestrian Park. In case of rain, Track area: 4,085 sq. metres (95 metresX Design:— Matsuda-Hirata Designing Office The number of obstacles: 20 the newly-built riding hall was to be used. Stables, 43 m etres) Builder:— Sato Kogyo Company, Ltd. Attached facilities:— A temporary stand: a dispensary, a blacksmith’s shop, a quarantine Illumination: The average 350 luxes Club house:— 300 seats Temporary tables: 471 sq. metres. stable and other facilities were remodeled or newly There is a warming-up track and an under­ Size and others: 1,387 sq. metres Accommodation capacity 45 horses. Light built and these were also made available to horses ground passageway, to connect stables with the Total floor space: 2,420 sq. metres steel-framed building for the Grand Prix Jumping competitions. track to enable jockeys to pass on horseback, A reinforced-concrete, two-story building Temporary administration offices and others:— Site:— The park has a considerable area and as stables and the track are divided by a pub­ Facilities and installations:— A reception 75 sq. metres. Light steel-framed building. it is widely know in Tokyo as it is open to lic road. rooms, rooms for officials, a conference room.

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 136

an administration office, a inuseuin, a lecture arenas. Asaka Shooting Rang< hall, a dining room and air conditioning instal­ Total number of seats: 1,524 W7 T lations Arena:— The endurance test: Clonstruction period: February, 1963— • A course (a public road of 6.0 kilometres long March, 1964 Design:-- Matsuda-Hira- and 4 metres wide on the average. The sur­ ta Designing Office Builder:- - Oku- face materials was of gravel). mura-gumi C!oni])any. • B course (a reclaimed pasture of 3.6 kilometres Other facilities:— long and 15 metres wide on the average. The m range Dispensary: Wooden single-story building surface material: sand. The number of the 274.1 sq. m etres installed obstacles: 22). 4 Head 5 Range House .Shoeing shop: Wooden single-story building • C course (a public road of 13.92 kilometres 6 Target 131.5 sq. metres long and 4 metres wide on the average. The 7 First Quarantine office: surface material: gravel). 787.6 scj. metres • D course (a reclaimed pasture of 7.2 kilo­ r Forage storage: metres and 20 metres wide on the average. 265 sq. m etres The surface material: wasteland. The num­ ber of the installed obstacles: 31). Karuizawa Equeslrian Venue A spacious un­ • E course (a runway for light air planes in the dulating site with a 20-kilometre long road was p a stu re ). needed to build the O and D courses of the endur­ The course: 1.98 kilometres long and 5 metres ance test grounds for the combined equestrian com­ wide petitions. It was difficult to acquire such land The surface material: sand within 50 kilometres from the centre of 4’okyo, Dressage arena: The site was 12,000 square owing to the high density of pojtulation even in metres and was located 2.5 kilometres from the the suburban areas, and no ]rark land of sufficient Karuizawa Olympic Village. area was found in Tokyo which would be suitable Particulars of the arena:— for this ]turpose'. 'Flie large forest areas within 50 Dressage: 60 metresX 20 metres sand to 100 kilometres from Tokyo, as for instance, the track foot of Mt. Fuji and Narashino jtlain, were studied Jumping test: 100 metresX70 metres sand as possible sites, and finally the area stretching track south of the well known Karuizawa, summer re­ Stand:— A pipe-framed building with 1,500 sort near Mt. Asaina, was chosen. seats. It was however, considered not possible to trans- Attached facilities:— ])ort horsenient from the Yoyogi Olymjtic Village A dressage practice field: 100 metres XlOO to the site, and accordingly it was arranged to build m etres all the competition facilities and the detached Vil­ An endurance practice field: 10 obstacles, 800 lage for riders at Minaini-Karuizawa. metres in one round The grounds were laid over the existing road Accommodation facilities for unquarantined and the reclaimed land, while the Village for horse­ horses: Temporary wooden building 87 men was quartered in the existing hotels. square metres Asaka Nezu Park (Rifle) In the Asaka-Nezu building and the open space, were all improved Site:- - A and C courses are road courses. Practice facilities for unquarantined horses: park there was a 500-metre firing range, which for the Olympic events. Cl course is as long as 14 kilometres. The Cl Temporary building for management and had been used as the riffle shooting grounds of the All the facilities were completed in autumn of course area measures 800 hectares. The cir­ operation of sports former Japanese Military Academy, and the con­ 1963 and used during the Tokyo International cuit run of B course, the jumping course of Temporary wooden building 148 square struction of the overall firing grounds was planned Sports Week. Defects however were pointed out the cross-country race on 13 course were built m etres embodying these facilities with improvements, and in that there appeared to be unusual air currents on the reclaimed part of this area. B course Stables: Temporary wooden building 379 also building a new clay shooting range. Later within the firing range, causing disturbance to the occupies 20 hectares, while 13 course coveres square metres however the site of the projected clay shooting trajectory. An investigation into the question was 150 hectares. The actual race courses had to Veterinary: Temporary wooden building 246 range was altered because the Asaka-Nezu park started by experts, and a countermeasure to cover be kejrt secret iit accordance with the Olympic square metres was used as the drilling grounds of the Ground a net over the range was recommended, and im­ regulations, although it was not easy to main­ A parking lot: 3,000 square metres with an Self-Defense Forces, and moreover the area was plem ented. tain this secrecy in view of the large area in­ accommodation capacity of 100 cars in fact a little narrow. Accordingly, only a 300- Area:—■ 28 hectares volved. The distance from Karuizawa Olym­ Construction period:— September, 1963— metre, a 50-metre and a 25-metre ranges was The range is located 22 kilometres and 40 pic Village to the point near the starting line August, 1964 Design:— The Facilities prepared at the Asaka-Nezu park. Of those three minutes from the Olympic Village. was 0.7 kilometres. Division of the Olympic Organizing Committee ranges, the 300-metre range was remodeled from Location:— Asaka-machi, Kita-adachi-gun, Location:— Karuizawa-machi, Kitasaku-gun, Builder:— The Olympic preparation com­ the existing 500-metre range backstop, while the Saitama Prefecture Nagano Prefecture Stands:— mittee of Nagano Prefecture 50-metre and 25-metre ranges were newly built. Stand:— 1,200 (gallery) Area, size, struc­ A temporary stand, a dressage and jumping The attached facilities, such as the headquarters ture and floors:—

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Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 138 139

Tlic 300-iiietrc firing range: Light steel-framed, single story the Asaka-Nezu area by building trap facilities and ties in the arena were designed to be identical to Area: 42,000 sq. metres Particulars for facilities (a target control a skeet shooting range adjacent to the rifle firing those of the Komazawa court. Building space: 1,634 sq. metres room, a room for judges, an administra­ grounds in the Asaka-Nezu park. After studying The gymnasium site is located in the heart of Light steel-framed, single-story (part of the tion room and a telephone switch board) the possible utilization in the future of the planned Yokohama city, on an open lot, sufficient to permit buiding was reinforced concrete) The administration office of the 25-metre range: clay shooting range, however, it was decided to the construction of temporary attached buildings. I'he number of targets: 48 Building space: 199 sq. metres build a combined clay pigeon shooting range at The gymnasium is situated 34.5 kilometres from Attached facilities: Administration offices Light steel-framed, single story Tokorozawa about 10 kilometres from Asaka. In the Yoyogi Olympic Village and can be reached in and storage Particulars (a room for officials, waiting addition to the trap machines installed for the 94 minutes. The 50-metre firing range: rooms for marksmen and a gun repair clay shooting competitions of the 1964 Olympics, a Area:— 1.1 hectares Location:— 3-92, Area: 9,600 sq. metres shop) skeet shooting range, a shooting range and accom­ Okina-machi, Naka-ku, Yokohama City, Ka- Building sjjace: 2,349 sq. metres Other facilities:— A dining room, a dispen­ modation facilities were incorporated into the fu­ nagawa Prefecture Steel-framed, single story sary, administration rooms (above-mentioned ture building plan. S tand:— The number of targets: 96 rooms were all housed in a temporary build­ The site of the Tokorozawa clay shooting range Total number of seats: 3,784 Attached facilities: Administration offices, ing), open space, parking lot, an information is away from the urban district of Tokorozawa Fixed seats; 2,242 storage and toilet facilities office and toilets. city and is surrounded by trees and fields with Temporary seats; 1,542 T he 25-metre range: Construction period:— December, 1962— private houses scattered over the area, and is Size:—• Area: 2,125 sq. metres March, 1964 Design:— Nohsu Yoshiaki situated fairly conveniently from Tokyo. Building space: 4,936 sq. metres Building space: 812 sq. metres Architects Office Area:— 13.9 hectares. Distance and time Total floor space: 7,828 sq. metres Steel-framed, single story Construction Division, Tokyo Defense Facili­ from the Yoyogi Olympic Village: 32 kilo­ Structure and floor:— A reinforced-concrete The number of targets: 36 ties Administration Bureau metres and 68 minutes building with steel-framed truss, two floors Attached facilities: Administration offices, Builder:— The Facilities Section of the De­ Distance and time from the neighbouring rifle above the ground and one under the ground. storage and toilet facilities fense Agency’s Ground Self-Defense Forces shooting range: 10 kilometres and 15 Sports facilities and installations:— Main building: m inutes Arena: 1,920 sq. metres (40.4 metresX48 Jfuilding siJace: 614 scj. metres Tokorozawa Clay Shooting Range Background Location:— Nagai, Tokorozawa City, Saitama m etres) Steel-framed, single story and site:— In Tokyo there was one shooting P refecture Special flooring (24mm thick) of Makaba and Particulars for facilities (an administration range at Murayama, but this was considered too Stand:— Total number of seats: 1,284 Kasakura style. room, waiting rooms for marksmen and a narrow and a number of private houses had been Area, size, structure and floors:—■ Training room gun rejjair shop) built up around the area. At that time a plan was Building space: 1,456 sq. metres Illumination: 600 luxes average Annex: Building sjjace: 324 sq. metres proposed to construct and over-all firing range in A reinforced-concrete, single story Attached facilities and installations:— Shooting facilities and installations:— Two Rest house: trap machines, two trap houses and one clay Total floor space: 989 sq. metres. Light w ork shop steel-framed two-story building, including 'I’okorozawa (jlay I’igeon Shooting Range Attached facilities and installations:— Rooms rooms for officials, waiting rooms, a con­ for officials, a conference room, waiting rooms ference room and a dining room. for marksmen, a dining room, administration Construction period:— April, 1960—May, rooms, underground passageways and bullet- 1962 Design:— Kume Architects Office proofed room Builder:— Obayashi-gumi Company Construction period:— November, 1963— August, 1964 Design:— Nohsu Yoshiaki Enoshima Yacht Harbour Water surface on sea Entrance Architects Office Builder:— Iwabori or lake and a yacht harbour are the prime essentials Headquarters for yacht races, and the requirements for Olympic Temporary Spectators’ Stand Construction Company, Ltd. Grass Covered Area Yachting competitions need both wide water sur­ Skeet Range Yokohama Cultural Gymnasium The Yokohama face and a large harbour. In the neighbourhood Trap Range of Tokyo, Sagami Bay was the only area that could Powder Magazine Cultural Gymnasium was built in 1961 as one of the projects undertaken to mark the 100th anniver­ furnish the three necessary courses for the five sary of the opening of Yokohama port. The gym­ Olympic yachting races. No satisfaction harbour nasium, together with the football field and other existed on Sagami Bay, however, to meet the re­ athletic facilities in Mitsuzawa park, was built to quirements. It was decided therefore to build a honour the memory of a former mayor of Yoko­ large scale harbour at Enoshima in preparation for hama, the late Ryozo Hiranuma for his outstand­ the 1964 Olympics. This decision coincided with ing contribution toward amateur sports in Japan. the Enoshima port development project, and the Its function as a gymnasium had already been development project was also aimed at preventing tested, since several international sports meets had erosion of the shore around Enoshima island, which been held here. lies about 500 metres off the Shonan beach. L i j J k J l~ - : The gymnasium was used as the second venue A breakwater as long as 640 metres was built on for the volley-ball competitions next to the Koma- the east side of Enoshima island and part of the sea area inside the breakwater was reclaimed to zawa volley-ball court. The floor and other facili­ , i

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library J40 The main Olympic stadium which embodied many new architectural and scientific improvements in its construction

make a nine-hectare site for ground facilities. A guest room, a swimming pool and heating and .small breakwater was in addition built in front of ventillation facilities the reclaimed land to construct a moorage of about Construction period:— May, 1963—August, 3.5 hectares. To ease the heavy traffic flow from 1964 Design:— Taniguchi Yoshiro and the Shonan beach to the island, a road for vehicles Yamada Mizuki Architects Office Builder:— was also built in parallel with the existing bridge Shimizu Construction Company. for i^edestrians. l'he road is 570 metres long and 10 metres wide. Marathon and Walking Race Courses As the Is* The original plan evisaged used of TIayama yacht starting and finish lines of the marathon course harbour for small yachts (Finn, FkD. classes), as were in the National Stadium, which is situated in the Enoshima harbour area was thought not to be the urban district near the centre of Tokyo, the wide enough in view of the anticipated number of course in any direction inevitably runs through the partici])ating crafts. However, it was found busy streets. later that Enoshima harbour alone was sufficient After studying several courses to find out which to stage the events, and Ilayania harbour was route was the most convenient to avoid traffic con­ used as a moorage for the Sea Self-Defense F’orces gestion in the streets and to allow the quickest exit vessels that sup])orted the management of the yacht into the suburban area of Tokyo, the Koshu Kaido ^ à: R competitions. Highway was chosen for the Olympic marathon I he reclaimed land of Enoshima harbour meas­ course. This Highway is a historical Japanese ures 10 hectares, of which 2.6 hectares were de­ traffic route and today has more than four lanes voted to land facilities. throughout the entire route and is supplied also Distance and time from the Oiso Olympic Vil­ with sidewalks. lage:— 20 kilometres and 25 minutes Along part of the road there is a by-pass running Location:— Fujisawa City, Kanagawa Pre­ in parallel with the main road, making it suitable fecture not only for the participants but also for the large Flarbour facilities:— number of spectators, but convenient as well for the Mooring buoys: 5.5m=15 Star=30 Dragon = 30 traffic diverted from the marathon course itself. Slope: 5.5m=15 Star = 25 D ra g o n = 1 9 The curve and slop factors of the course, which F.D.= 25 Finn = 45 are all important to a marathon course, were gentle, Cranes: A 1-ton and a 5-ton cranes, a winch and there is no problem as to the surface, inasmuch ■ Building: Club house, repairshop, sail repair as the road is paved with concrete or asphalt. The storage for masts, storage for ec|uipments, course began and ended in the National Stadium, lavatories and up to the 15-kilometre point the course ran Other facilities:— through urban districts lined with shops. From Mizzen masts, there up to the 18-kilometre point, the course was Self-Defence Force ]5ontoon for the sea a new road built for the events and lined with Washing jslace for sails, facilities for boat fields and trees. The turning point was in the washing, lighting equipment, water sup-- heart of a residential area. plying device The number of spectators along the route: 400,000 Here were held the opening, closing Club house:— Attached facilities:— ceremonies, athletic events, as well as certain of the final equestrian events. Area, size, structure and floors: Record-keeping stations necessary for the offi­ The lower picture shows a section of Building space: 2,222 sq. metres cial marathon course the red composition all-weather track and the white vinyl-tape lane mark­ d’otal floor space: 2,963 sq. metres Supply stations ings K.einforced-concrete, three-story The turning points:— Marathon: Tobitakyu- Facilities and installations:— E.ooms for offi­ machi, Chofu City, Tokyo cials, locker rooms (for both men and women), 50-kilometre walking race: Fuchu-Yaha- a disjrensary, a dining room, a snack bar, a tajuku, Fuchu City, Tokyo

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library -• V >' . - ■ ■ ■ s s ?

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An aerial view of the Meiji Sports Park complex—In the centre can be seen the Main Stadium, to the left the Prince Chichibu Memorial Football Field. The assembly area ajacent to the Main Stadinm when the athletes assembled prior to their entrance at the opening and closing ceremonies can be seen also. On the right hand side in the centre is the Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium and the Metropolitan Indoor Swimming Pool and the sub-track of the Main Stadinm

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library %

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Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium (showing main gymnasium) Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium (showing indoor swimming pool)

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Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library The National Gymnasium showing main building in the foreground (for swimming events) and above, the annex (where the basket-ball events were held)

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The entrance to the main section of the National Gymnasium (swimming & diving events site) The annex where the basket-ball events were held

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Komazawa Sports Park—From the left is the Athletic Stadium. In the centre foreground is the No. 3 Hockey Ground, the Central Plaza and the Volley-hall Courts, No. 1 Hockey Ground. In the right foreground is the No. 2 Hockey Ground, and the Indoor Gymnasium which was used for wrestling events

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library i_ , , ; '- -

The Control Tower in Komazawa Sports Park

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Komazawa Athletic Ground (football events site) ......

In the upper section can be seen the eight television and radio broadcasting booths •' . . ■ . '’V À

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Shibuya Public Hall (site for Weight-Lifting events)

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Kornazawa Gymnasium (wrestling events site)

Komazawa No. 1 Hockey Ground and the Indoor Volley-ball Courts

Yokohama Cultural Gymnasium (where some of the volley-ball events took place)

Korakuen Ice Palace (boxing events) ï-'"Vv;;

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library *jsâ

The Hachioji Bicycle Race Tr

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ih e site of the judo events'—the Nippon Budokan Hall (above), the main entrance (left)

i I I • I i » f Waseda Memorial Hall (site of fencing events) 1

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Mitsuzawa k'oolball Field

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Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library #.

The site of the Three-Day Jumping Event in Karuizawa

An aerial view of the Equestrian Park

Interior of Equestrian Park where many of the riding events took place

The hurdle No. 2 on D course

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1 ■

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The hurdle No. 5 on D course

'.üHfeïKîfÆPv.

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library .

; . r - ' .. e'^'S

m m

Enoshima facilities (above), Yacht harbour (below) Toda Rowing Course

Lake Sagami Canoe site

.,:>C,:;-:......

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Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library OVERALL SPORTS PREPARATIONS

included 960 in combined form, 1,042 for male General Programmes of the Games entries, and 963 for female entries, and an addi­ Under the provisions of Article 43 of the Olympic tional 1,300 to be incorporated in the Sports Regu­ Charter, the Organizing Committee is required to lations published in combined book form. Any issue for each sport an explanatory brochure con­ questions still left pending were taken up with the I' ’ taining the general programme and arrangements members of the International Federation in the printed in French and English as well as in the conference between the IOC and that Federation language of the country in which the Games are held in June 1963 at Lausanne, Switzerland. Those being held. Each International Sports Federation first draft brochures which had been confirmed and covering the twenty sports to be contested in the returned were then translated into the official lan­ Games have their own official rules. The actual guages of the Games and the photostatic copies gathering of these rules from these Federations and were submitted to the meeting of the Federation drawing up the General Programme was a matter for review and with a request for subsequent re­ lOTMMHHI of some complication. These were presented in turn. the general pattern of past Games, in particular A final check was given to all these brochures that which prevailed at Melbourne and Rome. The from August. The organizations which had failed three languages were incorporated into one bound to return the first drafts were reminded to do so, volume inasmuch as it was thought that any doubts while International Federations was requested to on the interpretation of the text could thus be send back the second draft. The action of the checked much more easily with different versions, Sports Federations was however, in many cases not and that the single edition could be distributed to prompt, apparently because the sport organizations all participating countries. The General Rules were concerned had failed to impress upon their officers edited and printed for each different sport, while sufficiently the importance of compiling the Sports Asaka Shooting Range where the rifle events were held the Olympic Charter was printed in English and Regulations. French. Local experts were briefed and commissioned to Tokorozawa Clay Pigeon Shooting Range In compiling the contents, the publication in design and layout the brochures, to select the prints Rome was used as a base, with necessary alterations and the paper for the covers and texts. This phase such as revised regulations, amended accordingly. of the task was completed in mid-October, and were The brochures finally printed were distributed to in the same form as other publications of the the International Federations, from December 1961 Tokyo Olympic Games, and incorporated the to February 1962 for their confirmation. At this Games marks and sports symbols, in a simple- early stage, however, the liaison between the Or­ designed handy sized volume. The number of ganizing Committee and the various sports organi­ brochures to be printed was decided on the basis zations had not been perfected and some delays and of the publications in the past Games, plus those difficulties were experienced in having corrections needed in the Japanese version, (see List) of the contents of these publications submitted to the Organizing Committee, and this eventually Total pages of brochures 808 caused delay in issuing and despatching the com­ Overlapping of pages common to all pleted volumes. brochures: The publication of the second and final edition Lists of officials and athletes —108 (6X18) passed through the following process. The brochure Sport schedules — 72 (4X18) for gymnastics which included compulsory exercises, For combined edition: become a matter of urgency. A draft was being Lists of officials and athletes + 6 drawn up early in 1963 by the Japan Gymnastics Sports chedules + 4 Association, maintaining close liaison with the Olympic Charter + 38 Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG). The 676 printing was commenced in April and completed on 18th December 1963 in close liaison with that The number of brochures to be distributed to the International Federation. These were despatched National Olympic Committees and other organiza­ on the following day to the International Federa­ tions of the participating nations was computed on tion and the National Olympic Committees of the the basis of the records at the time of the Rome FIG members. The number of brochures printed Games and by adding the number of new member

* •»#

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Pages of Sports Regulations completed on 22nd August when the brochures on Distribution of Gymnastics Regulations WOMEN the Equestrian Sports were despatched. The dis­ 100 metres 11.7 or 10.8 for 100 yards Estim ated P rinting Com bined Sports Distribution Male Fem ale No. of pages copies tribution of the brochures for the Modern Pen­ brochures 200 metres 24.2 or 24.4 for 220 yards tathlon was delayed because of the unavailability NOG 200 456 366 400 meters 55.5 or 55.9 for 440 yards .^thletics 58 1,600 of the English version at the International Federa­ Gymnastic Fed 159 205 201 800 metres 2.08.0 or 2.09.0 for 880 yards Rowin.g 32 1,400 Attaché 115 115 tions. This was finally supplied by the U.S. Mod­ 80 m etres Basket-Ball 34 1,600 For combined vol. 601 99 99 ern Pentathlon League. The delay in the distribu­ Additional 1,300 H urdles 11.0 Boxing 32 1,600 tion of these brochures on the Equestrian Sports GOG, Team, Organization 167 182 H igh Jum p 1 m.70 or 5 ft. 7 in. Canoeing 24 1,500 concerned, and Reservation was due in past to the lengthy text. The combined L ong Jum p 6 m.OO or 19 ft. 8-1 /4 in. Cycling 58 1,600 Total 2,260 1,042 936 brochure contained nineteen sports, excluding the Shot 15 m.OO or 49 ft. 2-1 /2 in. Fencing 32 1,600 Gymnastics which was separately edited, was print­ Discus 50 m.OO or 164 ft. 0-1 /2 in. Football 34 1,600 ed, prefaced with a table of contents and the Olym­ Javelin 51 m.OO or 167 ft. 4 in. W eight-Lifting 42 1,600 pic Charter in English and French, (cf. List for Combined Regulation Volume Distribution Table P entathlon 4,500 points Hockey 38 1,500 (except Gymnastics) distribution) Judo 24 1,500 The drawing up of these general programmes is Distribution Copies R em arks Canoeing: The International Canoe Federation W restling 30 1,600 one of the major tasks of an Organizing Committee IOC M em ber 74 was desirous of having a 10,000-metre event in­ Swimming & Diving; 58 1,600 Chancellery of IOC 3 W ater-Polo and one in which both the National Federation and ISF 60 20 sports X 3 cluded in the programmes, but the Organizing Modern Pentathlon 50 1,500 the International Sports Federation should be vitally NF 60 20 sports X 3 Committee and the IOC was not anxious to add Press 1,200 136 1,500 interested. It is therefore, most desirable to speed this as it had not been entered in the Rome Games. Equestrian Sports Radio & T V 30 Shooting 42 1,600 up the notification of any corrections in the Sports Organization 15 Japan Amateur Sports Assn.: 5 The Japan Canoe Association and the Organizing concerned Tokyo Metropolitan Gov’t: 5 Volley-Ball 42 1,600 Regulations and to return these more promptly to Ministry of Education: 5 Committee however, favoured the Kayak 4 and Y achting 42 1,500 the Organizing Committee after confirmation. OOC 60 after a series of conferences, a decision in favour of Library and 172 Total of Separate Brochures 28,000 The corrections and additions that were made reservation K4 w'as reached and to this the International Canoe can be briefly stated as follows:— NOG 326 participating countries: 94X3=282 Federation gave its consent. Inasmuch however as Combined Bindin.gs 676 2,000 non participating countries: 22x2=44 * Athletics: Qualification standards for the entry the controversial K1 4X500 was not included, the Total 2,000 Total 30,000 in the individual competitions were established on number of events were seven as in the Rome Games. 29th April 1963 at Buenos Aires by the lAAF. Cycling: The Individual Pursuit Race was nations. In calculating the number of brochures The draft of the regulations prepared by the Or­ added to the programmes, thus increasing the indi­ for Judo and Volley-Ball, the statistics of those on ganizing Committee was somewhat revised and for making national and individual entries was vidual entries by one. Weight-Lifting and other ball games were applied. augumented for return to the Committee by Hon. moved up from 16th to 15th August and from 3rd Fencing: A mixed form of individual, team, and A minimum of five brochures for each of twenty Sec. Donald T. P. Pain of lAAF. The new addi­ to 1st O ctober respectively. direct eliminations was adopted. sports were sent to each National Olympic Com­ tions made in the Athletic events were 400-metre Qualification standards for the entry of a second Weight-Lifting: The daily schedule was divided m ittees. track for women, and the Pentathlon. It was newly or third athlete in the individual competitions were: into two sections according to the respective abili­ The printing of the Sports Regulations, in 1,600 resolved that the participating runners must declare ties of the contestants. t : sets for each sport, was started in January 1964. themselves 72 hours before the start of the com­ MEN Judo: New rules had to be drawn up for Judo, The distribution was started on 20th April, and petitions. Upon request from lAAF, the deadline 100 m etres 10.4 or 9.5 for 100 yards inasmuch as this was the first time this had been 200 metres 21.0 or 21.1 for 220 yards included in the Games and in the light of the rules 400 metres 47.0 or 47.3 for 440 yards applied for other sports classified by weight. Both Distribution of Sports Regulations 800 metres 1.48.8 or 1.49.4 for 880 yards tournament and league competitions were adopted. 1,500 metres 3.43.5 or 4.01.5 for 1 miles Wrestling: The weight categories were some­ Sports 5.000 metres 14.02.0 or 13.34.0 for 3 miles what different from those in Rome as will be seen 10.000 metres 29.25.0 or 28.30.0 for 6 miles from the listing below: 3.000 metres Steeplechase 8.46.0 Category R om e Tokyo Distribution 110 m etres Bantamweight up to 57 kg up to 52 kg H urdles 14.2 or 14.2 for 120 yards Hurdles Flyw'eight up to 52 kg up to 57 kg Chancelleiy of IOC 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5555555555 400 metres Featherweight up to 62 kg up to 63 kg ISF 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 100 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 30 H urdles 51.8 or 52.1 for 440 yards Hurdles Lightweight up to 67 kg up to 70 kg N F 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 123 High Jum p 2 m.06 or 6 ft. 9-1 /4 in. Welterweight up to 73 kg up to 78 kg A ttaché 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 3 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 Long Ju m p 7 m.60 or 24 ft.11-1 /4 in. Middle-Heavyweight up to 79 kg up to 87 kg GOG 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Triple Jump 15 m.80 or 51 ft.10-1 /4 in. Light-Heavyweight up to 87 kg up to 97 1,081 ■£ kg NOG 1,068 1,086 1,076 1,071 1,070 1,076 1,023 0 1,071 1,066 842 1,076 1,066 1,021 1,006 1,066 1,120 1,069 Pole Vault 4 m .60 or 15 ft. 1-1 /4 in. Heavyweight over 87 kg over 97 Organization kg concerned 1 Shot 17 m.80 or 58 ft. 5 in. > 279 274 T eam 292 284 289 290 284 287 289 294 518 284 294 339 354 294 240 228 Discus 55 m.OO or 180 ft. 5-1 /2 in. Swimming and Diving: These events included Reservation Javelin 77 m.OO or 252 ft. 7 -3 /4 in. a number of changes from the Rome Games. All H am m er 63 m.OO or 206 ft. 8-1 /2 in. of the events were proposed by FINA to the IOC T otal 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 D ecathlon 7.000 points and were approved at the IOC meeting at Athens.

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library r

168 169

The 400-metre individual men’s and women’s med­ the names of the competitors must be submitted reported for work on 25th September. These em­ the total text intact except for modification in the leys, and 4X 100-metre men’s free-style relay were to the Organizing Committee. Throughout the ployees were shifted to the programme assignment wording of the amateur declaration. In comjjliance added, while men’s 100-metre backstroke was history of the Games, the Organizing Committees from 12th October when the individual entries were with the proposal from the police authorities, the changed to 200-metre backstroke. The total of the have exerted tremendous efforts to the efficient nearly completed. fire-arms and ammunition to be used in the Tokyo events thus were brought to 22 compared to the 19 registration of the ever-increasing number of entries A double-checking method was employed in the Games were listed as Form No. 8 List of Shooters. in Rom e. and the efficient programming of the Games. The entries which were subjected to the following In order to secure the accurate number of officials, Modern Pentathlon: 4’he Equestrian events in many factors connected to the entries themselves process:— the officials as sti|3ulated under Article 36 of the the past allowed one rider one horse, but in the make this a matter of some complication, for these Olympic Charter were to be listed in Form No. 11A light of the availability of horses in Japan, and in are directly connected with programming and print­ while others were to be listed in Form No. IIB. -Entry into arrival list, dating and stampings anticipation of future development of this sport, a ing of daily programmes. The numbers and type In June 1964, the Olympic Medical Archives, as Receiving -Receipts issuance adopted in the conference of Baden-Baden on Octo­ tentative change in the rule was adopted in October of entries has a bearing on the administration of -(Tentative forms filled out for 1963 by the UIPM to be enforced in Tokyo. By the Games and the provisions for spectators, thus entries made by cables) ber 1963, were drawn up to classify and register this the distance in the cross-country race was making this clearly one of the most important as­ -Entries in abbreviation of the names the physical qualification, health conditions, and of the countries participating changed from 5,000 metres to 1,000-1,500 metres signments allotted to the Organizing Committee. hereditary factors of the participating athletes. The -Entries in sport codes while also ]jermitting two riders to one horse, one In the Tokyo Games, IBM electronic computers following entry forms were adopted. First checking — -Entries in event codes in the morning and another in the afternoon. The were fully utilized in the registration and compila­ —Checking of forms and their numbers number of hurdles were stipulated at 10 to 23, with tion of competitors and officials records, thanks to Recording of unfilled items Entry Form for Nations Form No. 1 half of them to be movable. The number of riders an agreement signed between the Organizing Com­ Second checking- -Double-checking of the above Entry Form for Individuals Form No. 2 totalled 66 in contrast with 60 in Rome, by reason mittee and Japan IBM pertaining to the recording Enqinre.s on I National entries Entry Form for Teams Form No. 3 . (by cable or mail) of the change in the number of ridings per horse. and communicating of results of events by means Individual entries Special Form for Yachting Equestrian Sports: The events had undergone of the IBM system. This system however, called Classification - IF (by cable or by telephoning events Form No. 4/Sl head of the teams concerned) some changes, with a result that the sports regula­ for the preparatory task of filing and checking the -I B M Special Form for Eques­ - O O C • —— Bulletins are flashed for tions could not be prepared by this Committee until names of participating countries, sports and events, individual entries trian events Form No. 5/S2 the revised list of events was received from the to be fed into the electronic computers. Upon I Special Form for Diving For public information Form No. 6/S3 FEE The precise time-tabling for the Olympic completion of the above task, the rest of the work (Press, TV and Radio) events Grand Prix Jumping proved rather difficult, inas­ would consist only in mechanical reporting of the Circulation "Accompanied by covering letters Special Form for Shooting Form No. 7/S4 much as it was immediately to be followed by the identity card numbers, safekeeping and classifying List of Shooters Form No. 8/S5 Closing Ceremony. Particular attention was jraid the original copies. Amateur Declaration Form No. 9 to the general programming details, and to the list­ Forms In the past Games, more or less similar Medical Certificate for ing of the deduction points indicators to be set in Flow of business and number of personnel No forms had been used. It was considered then that Female Participants in the B and D sections in the Three-day events. specific personnel were assigned to filling out the any major revision in these would cause needless A thletics Form No. 10 Shooting: The sports regulations for shooting forms prior to July 1964, and this was taken care confusion among the entrants. It was accordingly List of Officials Form No. 1 lA were edited in the order of events to be held. A of concurrently by those who were given the duties decided that as far as possible the same forms would List of Officials Form No. IIB strong representation to have a skeet event included of drafting the sports rules, assisted, as necessity be used, simplified where feasible. Flowever, the in the programme did not in fact materialize for arose, by those engaged in the preparation of rec­ rigid enforcement in Japan of the regulations on To ensure the satisfactory filling out of these the reasons of entries and in the light of rulings in ording forms and programmes. the possession of fire-arms and ammunition (the forms, an Instruction Book and Instruction Book the past. The national entries were processed by the follow­ Firearms and Swords Control Law and the Ex­ Inserts were published. Article 34 of the Olympic Volley-Ball: This was a new addition, and the ing staff members:— plosive Control Law) made it necessary for the Charter clearly states the deadlines for making en­ sports regulations were drawn up on the basis of Committee to create Form No. 7 to facilitate the tries. National entries have to be made at least those for other ball games. Section chief 1 customs clearance and possession of these items. eight weeks before the opening of the Games while Gymnastics: As was mentioned above, the work Full-time staff 4 The employment of electronic computers in Tokyo individual entries must be made at least ten days on this event which involved compulsory exercises Part-time staff 7 made it necessary to create a space on the cards before the date of the first event in each sport. In was started earlier. The brochures were given T ypistes 2 for recording code numbers, and to add another comparison with the Games at Rome where the celulloid-bound backs so that they could be opened T o tal IT copy for communication purpose, leading to the individual entries were made fourteen days in while the event was in progress. Three-language decision on the employment of a quadruplet form advance, this required working under considerable spreads enabled simultaneous reading. The dia­ Because of the experience in the national entries, comprising the following sheets. pressure to efficiently handle entries received in this grams were repeatedly drawn and adjusted by the the individual entries were handled in the following m anner. Gymnastics Association to make them perfect in w ay :—■ (1) original 1 (w hite) for O O C Forms No. 1 for National Entries were despatched detail. Each event was indexed, and combined (2) original 2 (blue) for the IF by airfreight to the NOC’s of the participating brochures were also printed with the divisions for Section chief 1 (3) copy 1 (pink) for IBM countries on 28th May 1964 so that the forms could men and women athletes. The compulsory exer­ Staff 7 (4) copy 2 (yellow) for NOC be filled out and returned by the NOC’s by 24:00 cises were filmed jointly by the Gymnastics Associa­ Part-time employees 1 (for reference) hours, 16th August (Tokyo Local Time), 1964. tion and the Japan Broadcasting Corporation. Temporary employees 22 Forms No. 2 for Individual Entries which were Typistes 2 Draft forms were made on 13th June 1963, and required to reach the Organizing Committee by T o tal 33 were submitted to Mr. Otto Mayer, then Chancellor 24:00 hours on the 10th day preceding the date of Entries of the IOC Office, for advice. Mr. Mayer’s reply the first event in each sport were thus required Article 34 of the Olympic Charter provides that The temporary employees, both male and female, reached the Organizing Committee on 12th August, to be made in the number corresponding to the

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library J70 171

number of events in which the atiiletes would par­ either the president or secretary of a national com­ where. However, entries from a very limited num- of them were done through mail or were directly ticipate. For athletics and swimming entries, the mittee concerned, and by the president or secretary br of participating countries arrived by August brought over to the Organizing Committee by the highest record registered within a prescribed period of the NOC, and attached to Form No. 2. The 1964. Cables were despatched on 8th August to chiefs of respective groups of athletes. Most of tfie had also to be mentioned. In the case of athletic athlete had to fill out only one sheet of this Form. Afghanistan and 89 other countries drawing their entries were made close to the deadline. On 10th comjretitors, their highest records in the period from Medical Certificate for Female Participants in attention to the delay. September, the Second Section of the Sport Tech­ 1st October 1963 to 30th September 1964 must be Athletics (Form No. 10): This was required of As a result, a number of entries were cabled in nique Division was given an independent office entered. Furthermore, female athletes were re­ female participants in athletics under the provision succession after 11th August, while many forms had staffed with 33 personnel to devote itself to entries. quired to attach to their entry forms a medical of Article 17, paragraph 3 of the Regulations of also been received by mail around this period. The insufficient entries were completed, and doubt­ certificates as stipulated under Article 1 7, paragraph lAAF. Only one sheet per participant was to be Cabled entries were received in the following ful items were clarified with the athletes groups 3 oi lAAF Regulations. The participants in the returned. order:— as they arrived, and this information was sent to swimming events were required to enter their high­ List of Officials (Form No. 11): Received on 11th August: Rhodesia, Australia, the International Federations and fed to the elec­ est records registered before 20th September 1964. A: Officials on the delegation as provided for in Afghanistan, Bermuda, Ethiopia, France, Ghana, tronic computors. Quite a large number of entries Entry Forms for Teams (Form No. 3) : This had Article 36 of the Olympic Charter, were to Morocco, and Nigeria. did not bear the necessary identity card numbers, to reach the Organizing Committee within ten days be included. Received on 12th August: Cambodia, Czecho­ heights and weights. To deal with these cases, the before the date of the first event in each sport, B: Officials appointed by the International slovakia, Mongolia, Libya, Jamaica, Viet Nam, flash reports were typed for distribution. All the accompanied with the application for individual Federations and despatched by participating Burma, Denmark, Nepal, Spain, Portugal, Mali, names were spelt in the Japanese phonetic script, jrarticipation by team members (including substi­ NOC’s under the provision of the last para­ and Northern Rhodesia. which involved no little difficulty in correct trans­ tutes) . graph of Article 36 of the Olympic Charter Received on 13th August: Mexico, Argentina, cribing. With the cooperation of the Japan News­ Special Forms for Yachting events (Form No. 4/ were to be entered. Iceland, Bahama, Belgium, Madagascar, India, paper Publishers’ Association, a unified system of 81): This was requested to be submitted together All these forms were passed through the second Pakistan, and Brazil. Japanese spelling all the names of athletes was with Forms No. 2 and 3 to reach the Organizing preparatory check-up by the Foreign Affairs Divi­ Received on 14th August: Venezuela, Ceylon, worked out before the Games and this formed a Committee by 24:00 hours, 1st October 1964. At­ sion of the Organizing Committee, and were all Monaco, the Philippines, Tunisia, Dominica, and basic material for editing the programmes. The tached thereto was required:— sent to the NOC’s from 3rd to 10th August. Guiana. total number of the participating athletes reached ( 1 ) Qualification certificate with grade. Received on 15th August: Liberia, and Chile. 5,558. (See the list of participants by nation by (2) Certificate issued by the national organs Deadline set for entries National entries: Received on 16th August: Rumania, Lebanon, sports) concerned verifying the qualification cer­ Athletics —24:00 hours, 15th August 1964 Indonesia, and Tanganyika A total of 98 countries had originally applied for tificate with grade. Other sports—24:00 hours, 16th August 1964 The entries made by mail totalled 96 countries by participation with Ecuador and Barbados later Finn class athletes were only required to submit the morning mail delivery on 17th August which withdrawing. The dispute which had developed over Form No. 2. Individual entries: fell on Monday. The remaining entries were much the GANEFO entries had unfortunately resulted Special Forms for Equestrian events (Form No. delayed, with one from Barbados arriving on 4th in the withdrawns of athletes from North Korea and 5/S2): In addition to Forms 2 and 3, Form 5 was S tartin g S port D eadline R em arks September, and the one from Congo on 10th. These Indonesia, reducing the number of countries actual­ D ate also required. All these were to reach the Organiz­ were accepted after consultation with the IOC. ly participating in the Games to 94. Of the mem­ ing Committee by 24:00 hours, 5th October 1964. R ow ing Altogether, 98 countries filed entries, the largest ber countries of the IOC, 22 did not participate in Ujjon request from Monsieur Guy J. du Bois, tech­ Basket-Ball i number of entries ever filed in the history of the the Games. Of the 16 teams in the ball-games nical representative, Fédération Equestre Inter­ B oxing Games. There were a few entries which needed which were qualified by pre-Olympic tournaments nationale (FEI), on the occasion of his visit in Football further qualification: some entries were made only some withdrew, which meant that games had to be Weight-Lifting Tokyo in August 1964, the Collective Bulletin of by cables without being complemented by the rele­ contested with an insufficient number of teams. Hockey 24:00 hours, Events ( Bulletin Collectif d’Engagement) was made vant forms, others contained ambiguities which The following changes in the entries in the sports (see below) and submitted to the IOC. Wrestling > 30 Sept. 11 O ct. Swimming & (Tokyo local were completed after cable enquiries. A few days were made:— Special Forms for Diving events (Form No. 6/ D iving T im e ) preceding and following the closing of entries, over Rowing: The number of substitutes had been S3): These were required together with Form Modern Pen­ 20 detailed cables had to be despatched for this hithertofore allotted to each event. This had been No. 2, to reach the Organizing Committee by 24:00 tath lo n purpose. The forms received were code-numbered abolished, appointing five substitutes for oarsmen, hours on 30th September 1964. Volley-Ball and re-checked, and were successively fed to the and one for cox (increase of one). Special Forms for Shooting (Form No. 7/S4): W ater-P olo electronic computors for making up the reports. Basket-Ball: The qualified teams from Czecho­ This was included to assits the participants in the Athletics 1 Oct. *14 O ct. *As a r­ No complete result could be shown by the deadline slovakia, and United Arab Republic withdrew. shooting events and modern pentathlon, in obtain­ Y achting 1 Oct. 12 O ct. ranged due to the large number of imperfect entries. Not Four new teams were chosen on the basis of their F encing 2 O ct. 13 O ct. ing their customs clearance and authority permis­ w ith a few entrants wanted later to make changes in achievements in the pre-Olympic tournaments. C ycling 3 Oct. 14 Oct. lA A F sion for the possession of fire-arms and ammuni­ the sports and events after the deadline, and this These were from Mexico, Australia, Canada, and E questrian 5 O ct. 16 O ct. tion in Japan (where strict regulations covering placed some additional burden on the staff handling South Korea. Sports arms and ammunition control are enforced). This Cycling: Individual pursuit was added to the G ym nastics 7 O ct. 18 O ct. these records. was to be attached with Form No. 2 for submittance Ju d o 9 O ct. 20 O ct. An individual entry from Bolivia was first on the events, causing an increase of one athlete. The to the Organizing Committee by 24:00 hours, 30th Canoeing 9 Oct. 20 Oct. list of individual entries reaching the Organizing UCI requested on increase of four athletes, totalling September 1964 for participation in modern pen­ Committee on 2nd September 1964. The inflow 20, on the assumption that the team road race tathlon and 24:00 hours, 4th October 1964 for par­ Arrivals of Forms Headed by the national en­ of individual entries had followed an upward curve was an independent event. In consultation with the ticipation in shooting. tries from Chad and Senegal, entirely new partici­ up to late in September, reaching its climax on the IOC, the final decision was made on 16 persons. Amateur Declaration (Form No. 9): This was pants in the Games, which arrived on 19th June 30th. Unlike the national entries, cables were al­ Fencing: Participants in the team event was to be signed by the participants, countersigned by 1964, others were received in the order listed else­ most totally absent in the individual entries. Most limited to five persons, bringing the total to 20, a

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 172 /73-

decrease of one person. swimming which was to be turned in to the F IN A Numbers of Record Forms printed by sports Preparation of Record Forms Ninety of the 234 Football: One team was to be comprised of 20 without routing through the Organizing Committee Types N um bers Types Numbers recording forms used for the Games were carbon- back processed, and allowed twelve copies to be jjersons, an increase of one person. The with­ was sometimes neglected, while some participating Athletics 29 57,750 W restling 8 42.860 drawal of Italy and North Korea reduced the num­ countries included this information to the Organiz­ Rowing 8 9,900 Swim m ing; 23 43,350 taken of each form. The volume of the forms used W ater-Polo Basket-Ball 5 5.800 will be found in the table in this section. ber of teams to 14. ing Committee. The forms for arms and ammuni­ M odern 28 12,050 Boxing 10 24,500 P entathlon The necessary sheets were roughly estimated from Hockey: Poland withdrew, this giving its sub­ tion required for the Tokyo Games was a special Canoeing 2 6.800 E questrian 29 38,732 stitute Hong Kong a chance. The withdrawal of form to facilitate the application of a local Japanese Cycling 15 64,540 Sports the expected number of persons to be engaged in UAR let to the agreement among the substitutes law. Some entries were made in Spanish or Ger­ Fencing 7 76,030 Shooting 23 85,420 the recording assignments, and by taking into ac­ Football 4 1,500 Volley-Ball 8 13,070 count the number of events per sport. The delivery to let Indonesia participate. The premature de­ man despite the stipulation in the Instruction Book Gymnastics 19 91,920 Y achting 4 33,000 parture of the Indonesia team, however, reduced that the language used must be English or French. Weight,Lifting 2 600 of the forms was started on 27th July 1964 for the number of teams to 15. Hockey 5 21,960 boxing, ending on 31st August 1964 for modern Judo 5 41,310 T otal 234 671,662 Swimming: Individual contestants were increas­ pentathlon, equestrian sports, and athletics. ed to three from two in Rome. Substitute in relays Programming Dally Events Capacity of Estimate of admission ^ admission was one and those in medley relays were two. In The publication of the daily programmes bearing each sports venue tickets capacity Appointing and Organization medley relays, only four participants were permitted the names of the participating athletes are neces­ No of estimated Programme purchase No of programmes admissions estimated percentage placed on sale entry. The maximum number of athletes per coun­ sarily closely connected with the entries. The dead­ of Officials Estimated No Official X No of issues Number printed try was increased from the 42 in Rome to 73. line for entries being only ten days ahead of the of progrmmes distribution The appointment of officials was carried out with Judo: Included for the first time, it was decided start of the Games, entails a most difficult problem careful regard to the necessary duties and the scale that each contestant would be permitted to par­ in completing the programme editing and printing. The editing policy was studied in April and May of each section of the Games administration. In ticipate in only one weight category. Maximum In 1963, information and data on past Games was 1964, an d these decisions included: A5 in size, arriving at these estimates of staff requirements, entries from each nation was set at four. accumulated, and the number of programmes to be 46.5 kilograms per ream and the contents were to the precedents of past Games were studied and Equestrian Sports: Three participants per na­ published W'as established on the basis of these be written in English being the language most uni­ allowances were made for any special conditions tion were allowed to compete in the Grand Prix reports. This work was carried out by the Sports versally understood, with a two-page spread in which were thought to prevail in Japan. This work races. One reserve was eligible for all the events. Technique Division, in addition to the duties for English and Japanese. The names of certain speci­ commerced in July 1963 by classifying officials into Volley-Ball: This events were to be played which it had been primarily created. In March fic sports were given in French together with ap­ groupings as follows:— among 16 teams (ten for men and six for w'ornen). 1964, a final decision was made on the numbers of propriate explanations. In all programmes, the ( 1 ) Officials constituting final court of appeal. With the withdrawal of the men’s team from the programmes to be printed in the form of daily first four pages carried infomation details pertaining (2) Technical officials and juries (international United Arab Republic, and of women’s team from publications, jjeriodicals and books. This was de­ to the IOC and the Organizing Committee officials. ju rie s). North Korea, the Bulgarian men’s team and the termined on the basis of the accommodation capac­ The code abbreviation of the names of participating (3) Officials and their assistants for specific South Korea’s women’s team were included in the ity of each venue. The following formulas were countries and list of daily schedules were printed on sports. participants. made use of in these:— the inside cover of all the sports programmes. (4) Games officials and their assistants. Water-Polo: Two qualified teams of Sweden and The designing of the covers for the programmes A manning table was tabulated to meet the Argentina did not participate, and South Africa was executed with due consideration to simplicity Games requirements in accordance with the above did not receive an invitation, thus bringing the and attractiveness of appearance and maximum classification, and account was taken of ciualified Programme schedules total p articip a n t team s to 13. utility for persons of various language abilities. technical officers and juries in Japan. Some diffi­ No. oi T otal T ype Pages No. Official A total of 1.3 million copies were published. culty was met in determining the necessary number The experience at Tokyo would indicate that the issues P rinting distributed use following points regarding entries would merit These publications were divided into 23 kinds inas­ of assistants, in that information on this was not Opening Ceremony Single 1 40 60,000 28,679 20,000 much as some sports required two different kinds of further consideration:— Closing Ceremony 1 64 50,000 21,540 13,000 available from the past records of the Games. The ( 1 ) No deadline is set for the confirmation by A thletics Daily 8 48-80 359,280 237,601 42,780 programmes, (as in the case of shooting which re­ informal plan formulated by the Organizing Com­ R ow ing ” 4 2 6 -4 4 31,330 6,316 18,205 letter of the entries filed by cable. Inasmuch as quired one set for clay shooting, and another for mittee and the figures submitted by various athletic Basket-Ball Period 2 3 2 -4 0 50,918 18,863 7,400 rifle shooting). these confirmations are liable to be delayed, it Boxing Daily 12 80 68,928 15,390 43,836 organizations were studied, (as shown in table). would seem advisable that a deadline should also Canoeing Single I 74 4,830 635 3,617 In the selection of printers to handle this work, This table was further reviewed for the duties evolv­ Cycling 3 2 -4 8 54,194 3,083 be set for the arrival of such letters. Daily 7 26,544 time-saving factors as well as geographical locations ing on the officials concerned, in each sport, and Fencing Single 1 112 18,980 1,165 3,590 for convenience of the proof-readers were con­ (2) The deadline for individual entries set at Football Period 4 2 0 -2 8 133,776 27,989 15,430 a series of negotiations with the athletic organiza­ ten days before the start of the Games causes some Gym nastics 2 2 0 -5 4 40,972 19,435 7,372 sidered. Companies with experience in the job tions on the scale of organization personnel was Weight-Lifting Single 1 48 2,658 3,511 inconvenience in transmitting these to the sports 8,350 printings for athletic organizations were selected. undertaken. The planned personal strength was H ockey Period 4 42-44 29,570 3,588 14,888 Separate firms were commissioned for the printing reduced to 5,645 on 25th December 1963, and organizations concerned and in programming, in­ Judo Single I 40 37,680 24,016 3,626 asmuch as much time is involved in checking on any Wrestling Daily 8 120 45,800 3,235 30,058 of covers, and pages common to all sports, and daily specific principles were formulated concerning the Swimming & Diving 8 140,168 60,624 incomplete entry items. It would be recommended 3 1 -3 2 33,024 schedules. The total number of printing firms thus organization of officials. Modern Pentathlon Single 1 40 18,340 1,551 3,639 involved was seventeen. instead that, as was the case in Rome, there should Equestring Sports Event 3 3 6 -4 8 46,443 10,304 10,881 In terms of these principles, negotiations were be 14-days between the deadline and the start of Rifle Shooting Single 1 78 5,200 1,216 3,669 The sales routes were channeled through the held with the sports organizations concerned in the Games. Clay Shooting 1 28 10,000 6,499 3,551 Organizing Committee’s offices opened at all the order to effect efficient organization of the officials. Volley-Ball I 68 66,100 20,451 3,765 venues and actual sales were made by sports or­ By 10th February 1964, the numbers had reached (3) The necessity or usefulness of all the numer­ Water-Polo Period 3 32 15,591 4,223 9,294 ous forms could be further studied to ascertain if Y achting Single I 40 5,460 1,367 3,997 ganizations at a commission of 20%. 4,129 officials, 1,797 assistants, and 340 special Baseball Single 1 16 8,530 1,449 3,515 Printers were placed on a ‘round-the-clock’ sched­ some reduction could be effected to lighten the Demonstration officials or a total of 6,266. This figure was further burden imposed on both the NOG and the Organiz­ Budo Demonstration 1 52 7,840 2,536 3,604 ule to allow officials at each venue to receive pro­ modified and eventually 6,284 persons were em­ ing Committee. The instruction that form 6 for T o tal 78 1,318,280 524,413 332,846 grammes two hours before the start of the Games. ployed as shown in the listings in the tables of this

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library :■ ■ I . ■■, ■■'■ff; ■;(■<,<;*; >;■. 1.1.' • ■ ■ - ■ ■ . ,■■ U' i. tH'l-tlU*:*; :-i-1. ; i.' j ■.

174 175

section. The president of the Organizing Committee, and OPERATIONAL ORGANIZATION FLOW CHART On training the officials The training of the the presidents of the participating athletic organiza­ ' JAPANESE GOVERNMENT Games officials was an undertaking of major im­ tions jointly issued letters of commission to the of­ portance of the Organizing Committee, and one ficers, assistants, and technicians to emphasize the TOKYO METROPOLITAN -Coordinating Div. which presented some problems to the athletic importance of their impending duties. All person­ GOVERNMENT -Administration Div. organizations which were to implement the training nel were required to wear breast pocket cards in­ -Foreign Affairs Div. plans within the budgetary framework dictated by dicating in English their positions and names. I CONNECTED PREFECTURES -Finance Div. Electricians, Machinery, the Committee. The actual training commenced in -Disbursements Div- Engineer, Carpenters, - S t a d i u m QC Ticket Div. - Cleaning - Repair Mechanics, OTHERS 1963. -Security & Traffic Div. Laborers, Typist, The sports meets held in Japan provided useful Foreign Referees and Judges, IF officials -Transportation & Comm. Div. Masseurs, Announcers, THE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE -Facilities Div. Motor Boat Operators, adjuncts to training, and the Organizing Committee MFTMFT FOR THE TOKYO OLYMPIC Horseshoers, Grooms, made semiannual budgetary appropriations based -Olympic Village Div. A thletics 20 1 21 Shooting 21 1 22 GAMES (OOC) -Press & Public Information Div. — Printing & Distribution Photograph Engineers, Swim. Div. t&: on the plans of the athletic organizations concerned. 111 90 91 Ceremonial Assistants, W at.-Polo ill Wrestling 1 -Sport Technique Div. a Two more collective trainings were held before the Volley-Ball 28 1 29 C anoeing 16 16 JAPAN AMATEUR SPORTS Veterinary Surgeons, start of the Cames, one of which was the final G ym nastics 40 24 &1 Judo 21 21 ASSOCIATION (JASA) Stenographers Row ing 30 30 Cycling 7 7 JAPANESE OLYMPIC COMMITTEE rehearsal. The training expenses were computed W eight-L ifting 28 28 Football 36 36 NSF - S p o r t — “ General Affairs (JOC) Operations Modern Pentathlon 13 13Yachting 14 14 - Liaison & Protocol on the basis that training was to be given in two D iv is io n “ P ress 8C Public Information— periods each of 4-day duration. A total of ¥65,501,- Fencing 53 2 55 Equestrian Sports 12 12 Hockey 45 45 TOKYO OLYMPIC FUND RAISING A th le te s -Traffic & Transportation Development 000 (US$181,947) was appropriated for this pur­ Boxing 49 49 ASSOCIATION - C erem o n y T ra in in g -Stadium Administration pose. Basket-Ball 20 2 22 T otal 654 32 686 C en tre - M e d ic a l Sc S a n ita ry Supporting Units - S p o r t — - Sport Technique Number of officials by countries (athlete delegation) T echnique - Facilities Equipments D iv is io n - Record Indication M FT MF T MFT - Games Venues - Juries Afghanistan 3 3 Greece 9 9 N igeria 9 1 10 Algeria 2 2 H ongK ong 8 8 Northern Rhodesia 3 3 A rgentina 2 2 H ungary 60 6 66 N orw ay 14 1 15 Australia 18 8 26 Iceland 1 1 Pakistan 20 20 Number of Japanese referees and officials during the Tokyo Games Austria 25 1 26 India 19 19 Panam a 10 10 Bahamas 4 4 Iran 21 1 22 Peru 4 4 As at 24 Aug. 1963 As a t 10 Feb. 1964 As at 1 M ay 1964 Belgium 17 17 Iraq 11 11 Philippines 28 1 29

(M—Male. F = Feniale T=Total) Total 1,015 2,473 2,292 5,780 4,469 1,797 6,266 4,337 141 1,548 258 6,284

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 176 177

and thus training were carried out until August Athletic Federation gave its approval for its adop­ the sport time and judging the order of arrival the Sport Equipment 1964 with the participation of 40 students of a tion in the Games. The total number of stop­ results were printed by means of the printing The Organizing Committee established an equip­ local jockey training institute. During this period watches used in the Games amounted to 1,115. A mechanism incorporated. ment subcommittee on 13th January 1961. It was of development and training, 31 horses out of 81 special design for eliminating the errors at the The start in the cycling road team time trial, decided in principle that the equipment used at horses were declared unacceptable for the modern “start” and the “stop” which had been the cause of equestrian sports and athletics of the modern pen­ the Tokyo Games should as far as possible be pentathlon. In the development and training, the some difficulties in the past was included in the tathlon and the three-day event of the equestrian domestic products and considerable study was made Committee was grateful for the assistance of per­ stop-watches which were equipped with stop hands sports differs from the instantaneous start in the to determine the appropriate merits of the available sonnel from the National Defense Force and the capable of counting 1/5 and 1/10 of a second. field athletics, swimming etc. in that each partici­ products. equestrian department of the Kanto University. The stop-watch capable of counting 1/100 of sec­ pant (or team) starts separately with a fixed inter­ The results of research on the printing timer and ond was able to be used continuously for up to 10 val of time and competes within the required time sport equipment were shown at the International Preparation of the Sports Time-Pieces Particu­ minutes whereas the conventional type was capable being separately counted. It is essential thus that Sports Week held in October 1963, and this op­ lar attention was given to the provision of accuracy of being used for only 2-3 minutes, and in this the interval time between respective starts is count­ portunity was taken to test the equipment under in the time-pieces and in the provision of facilities respect its use for rowing, canoeing, cycling and ed correctly. For this purpose a start signaling the conditions similar to the actual Olympic Games. which would eliminate any disputes or questions shooting events facilitated the timing factors. There clock was devised and this produced the final sound In selecting appropriate equipment, several meth­ arising concerning the timing of events. In making was also a desk-type remote-controled stop-watch of the starting time along with the advance signal ods were used in the selection equipment, and the selection of judging devices, new high precision connected with the large clock for the spectators sound starting from five seconds beforehand, thus cooperation of the various National Sports Federa­ electronic detecting devices were adopted only after and which served as the official watch for the automatically indicating the time elapsed to partici­ tions were enlisted in certain of these decisions. In strict national inspection in terms of the interna­ judges. (Two types, the one for the longer time pants during the one minute preceding the start. princi])le, the process and selection of sports materi­ tional rules. As a result no material problems arose being equipped vv'ith a 60 m inute h an d an d the The photo finish apparatus for rowing and canoeing als fell under the following headings:— concerning the order of arrival at the goals or other equipped with a 20 minute hand were pre­ had a dual image system on one film section in the timing of races throughout the entire Tokyo Games. pared) and also a stop-watch exclusively used for form of a 16 millimetre camera, which photo­ Jurisdiction The smoothness of this operation can be attributed basket-ball (with 30 second rule), and one for use graphed the object (boat, etc.) and the time on the (1) Selection of materials National Organizing both to the technical perfection of the equipment by football and hockey referees was provided. same film. The time photographed on the film was and equipment Federation Committee and to the careful advance training of personnel Stop-watches for exclusive use of each participant that obtained from the electronic digital counter (including items, concerned. Automatic goal arrival detecting de­ in the yacht races were distributed (these could using a crystal clock, and thus eliminated the blur­ standards and vices for the swimming events had been under de­ be attached to the knee by a band) and were ring which occurs in the conventional unit, and m akers) velopment through the cooperation between Japan appreciated in the start preparations. In the ath­ detecting at the same time the order of arrival (2) Purchase or renting " Amateur Swimming Federation and a local electric letic events a digital stop clock was used instead of at the goal for each boat and the elapsed time up (3) Distribution to National ” machinery maker, while photo finish apparatus had the conventional mechanical stop-watch. This to 1/100 of second. This had the advantage of necessary places Federation already been developed by a Japanese manufac­ time-piece used a crystal pendulum with a guaran­ correctly recording the process of the race both (4) Actual administrator " turer. The Organizing Committee tentatively de­ teed accuracy of 0.007 sec/hour indicating up to immediately before and after the finish and could (5) U sers cided to accept these sports time-pieces subject to 1/100 of second by means of electrically illuminated be compared with the photo finish decision by con­ (6) Returning after use " Organizing the provisions that ( 1 ) they would satisfy the stand­ numbers capable of counting simultaneously the lap­ necting with the printing timer. C om m ittee ard and requirements set by the IOC and the vari­ time and the finish time, and could be used to count The photo finish apparatus was used for detecting (7) Handling after use " " ous International Sport Federations; (2) for the up to 9 hours 59 minutes 59 99/100 seconds. It the order of the finish in the athletics and cycling. official scoring devices, international as well as was small and compact in size and readily portable In the swimming, the full automatic order of arrival Decisions were made between February and national inspection would be required; (3) as far inasmuch as it made use of transistors and diodes. detecting apparatus connected with the starter’s April on the specific locations for the sports clocks as possible these would be tested at principal local In addition to being used for the official timer at pistol and the new type of touch board was adopted and the required numbers of sports equipments and sport meetings and after being tried out at the all track events in athletics, it was used as the main as the official timer and most efficiently demon­ their handling, and the actual acquiring and distri­ Tokyo International Sports Week in Tokyo, per­ timer at each lap together with the portable crystal strated its usefulness. bution took place up to the time of the actual mission should be obtained from the technical of­ chronometer in the case of marathon and walk Games. Some 506 technicians attached from the ficers of each sports federation. The stop watch races. At each five kilometer point of the marathon Operation of the Sports Tinie-Pieces Time supplying companies enabled the efficient mainte­ was inspected and approved by the National Physi­ and walk race courses a portable stand with a clock counting for running sports: nance of materials and equipment during the ac­ cal Laboratory of England in May 1963 and in to count the elapsed time was installed. As the In the athletic track events, the time and the tual Games. Japan the Measuring Apparatus Research Institute first runner passed each respective point, the re­ finishing order of each runner were correctly rec­ The horses for the modern pentathlon were pur­ of the Industrial Technology Agency of the Ministry spective lap time was shown in numbers on the top orded under the combined operation of the starter’s chased from a fund of ¥20,000,000 (US$55,556) of International Trade and Industry. The large part of the digital clock on the stand. The elapsed pistol, printing time type II A, photo electric cells provided in the 1962 budget. It was decided that clocks for the spectators w'ere completed in August time indicating board below showed the elapsing of type II (infra red ray system), digital stop-watch, these should be four year olds from among the 1963 while the printing timer and the photo finish time every 10 seconds so that the time of each the slit formula photo finish apparatus and the large horses participating in local races, particularly, apparatus for the rowing and canoeing were all succeeding runner could be recorded. The printing second-clock for the spectators. When the pistol those belonging to the Kanto Horse Racing As­ completed in September of that year. timer used as the electronic scoring device for ath­ was shot, the start signal obtained at the built-in sociation. These purchases were completed in The printing timer for all events was used at letics, swimming, rowing, canoeing, cycling, modern special contact was transmitted to the printing December 1962 with the total of 80 horses. In the International Sports Week held in Tokyo in pentathlon, and equestrian events was connected timer type II A by wire. The printing timer which order to develop and train these purchased horses October 1963. The electronic printing timer ex­ with the starter’s pistol, and electronic illumination received the signal activated the electronic printing for the use at the modern pentathlon, a service clusively used for athletics and swimming was com­ device, the photo finish apparatus, stop-watch circuit exactly 5/100 of second after these through contract was concluded with a voluntary group, pleted in May 1964. In June the digital stopclock remote-control device, the large second clock for the the delay circuit. At the same time a 100 cycle the National Public Horse-Race Sponsors Council, was completed and the International Amateur spectators etc. and after automatically measuring time signal was transmitted to the photo finish

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 178 179

apparatus and the start signal was also transmitted at speeds up to 60—70 K.P.H., the photo finish at intervals of one minute, the three printing timers five minutes. One printing timer type 1 installed to the large spectator second-clock to thus set device with the slit formula was officially used for were simultaneously set in motion at a fixed time at the finish of each course was set in operation it in operation. When the runner arrived at the detecting the order of the finish, and the printing before the start of the race by means of the crystal simultaneously at a fixed time before the start of the goal, the order and the time was photographed on timer type 1 was officially used for counting the time-recorder of the start signaling clock. Since game and the arrival time was counted by means of one film through the operation of the slit camera time. For this sport, different counting methods the starting time of each team was known in ad­ the grip switch operated by the official as each par­ of the ]3hoto finish apparatus. The film photo­ were adopted respectively for all classifications of vance, the respective actual times were calculated ticipant arrived. In the Grand Prix Jumping and graphed was quickly handled. After 30 seconds “1000 metre time trial”, “Scratch race”, “Individual by deducting the starting time from the actual Grand Prix Dressage, a stop-watch remote-control the negative was transmitted as a reflected image pursuit”, “Individual road race” and “Team road times. device type 11 (for exclusive use in the equestrian through the wired TV. Within three minutes it race”. Typical cases could be enumerated as fol­ In the past, some problems have arisen concern­ sports) was installed for the use of the official became a positive print and was sent to the officials lows. In the individual pursuit race one pair of ing decisions on the order of finish. It was there­ counting. This apparatus was connected and and the judges. The printing timer was used in photo electric cells type 1 were set respectively on fore arranged that at the Tokyo Games the order of operated with photo electric cells and the large order to expedite the lap time recording. This the start and finish line of the two cyclists at the finish be decided through three stages, namely, ( 1 ) spectator second-clock. For the Grand Prix Jump­ sent impulses each time the runner passed through home stretch and the back stretch. On the other full automatic finish order detection counting de­ ing, the actual time was recorded by automatically the infra red ray of the photo electric cells placed hand the photo finish apparatus was set up in the vice; (2) printing timer type 1 1 1 ; (3) an integra­ starting or stopping the integrating stop-watch on the prescribed line, thus memorizing the time upper part of the spectators’ stand on respective tion stop-watch with 1/10 of second counting hand. with 1/10 of second built-in counting hands, after when the signal was given. Instructions were then lines. On the upper part of the bank at the No. 1— By reason of these arrangements, decisions and tim­ receiving signals from the photo electric cells type passed to the printing mechanism which in turn No. 2 corners, spectators second-clocks were in­ ing were effected without complaints. 1 which were installed at the start and the finish printed on paper the time up to 1/100 of second stalled in line. The printing timer was placed in In both (1) and (2) above, crystal watches of lines. The arrangement was made in such a way in the order of arrival. The lap time was in addi­ the counting room on the side of the main stand. high precision were used. In ( 1 ), an electronic that time-outs (as for instance for the recovery of tion recorded by the printing timer. 24 digital Two (main and auxiliary) clocks were installed for counting device with a touch board which prints hurdles, etc.), the stop-watch was stopped or started stop clock units were prepared for the track sports the home stretch, while two more (main and auxil­ the time up to 1/100 of second by transmitting a at the proper time through the operation of the (three for each course). These were operated by iary) for the use of the back stretch. Thus the signal and automatically marking the order of hand-operated switch. For the Grand Prix Dres­ officials through the remote-control grip switches. time for each semi-circle for the two cyclists was arrival for each course whenever a swimmer touches sage, this device was altered to a hand-operated In the case of rowing and canoeing, immediately counted. It was decided that the large spectator the board at the turn and at the finish. The print­ system in counting the restricted time for this event. upon the start of the race, the start signal from second-clock was for the use of the cyclists with ing timer type 111, was an electronic counting device In both these two events, the large spectator second- the starting tower was sent to the printing timer the green cap (on the side of home stretch) and of greater accuracy than the conventional device, clock was connected to this apparatus. type 11, and the photo finish apparatus and the the other was for the use of the cyclists with the being equipped with a memory unit of 27 channels. For the yachting starts, the starting time recorded electronic counters both commenced operations. red cap (on the side of the back stretch). The During the Games, some 24 channels were used for by the portable crystal chronometer on the head­ A stop-watch remote-control device, type 1, was starting pistol shot activated simultaneously the eight courses. A total of 24 grip switches, three quarter boat was announced by means of a cannon attached to the printing timer as an auxiliary two main printing timers (the auxiliary ones being each for eight courses, connected with the starter’s shot. Upon arrival of the boat at the finish, the counter and the start and goal signals were sent started by a hand signal) and the two large second pistols were attached along with apparatus (1). required time was recorded by stop-watches with to the large spectator second-clock. The lap time clocks through the adapter, and the time signal was When the officials pushed the grip switch independ­ 1 /5 of second built-in counting hands. These newly signal for each boat was transmitted independently supplied to the photo finish apparatus from the ently at the turn and finish, the impulse was trans­ developed chronometers were themselves independ­ to the printing timer by means of the grip switch printing timer in the same way as with the athletic mitted and the printing timer memorized the times. ent crystal watches but could also be used to auto­ from each lap time recording point along the course sports. Each time the two cyclists completed the Three officials per course decided the order of ar­ matically start other counting devices. An error and the lap time up to 1/100 of second was auto­ half round, photo electric cells on the home stretch rival by means of the middle value of the counted factor of less than 0.2 of second per day was matically recorded together with the course num­ side and on the back stretch side were activated times and after marking the course number in the guaranteed. ber in the order of passage. From immediately sending the signal to the printing timer, thus regis­ order of arrival, the time up to 1/100 of second Time counting for other sports: With basket­ before the finish, two 16 millimetre cinecameras tering the lap times. At the same time the signal was printed and submitted to the final judge. As ball, because of the nature of the Game itself, it (main and auxiliary) started to photograph simul­ was sent also to the goal indicating device placed an additional precaution, stop-watches were also sometimes happens that the game result is reversed taneously. The camera turned at a speed of 100 in the centre of the field, activating the green and used to monitor these times. at the precise moment of completion of second half frames per second in the case of rowing and 50 red lamps automatically and indicating to the judge New scientific devices and apparatus were adopt­ of the game. The precise timing of these events frames per second in the case of canoeing. The and the spectators which cyclist had dashed ahead. ed also for the modern pentathlon and equestrian therefore assume more than usual importance. The main camera caught in the films the time in units Where there was no pursuit win, the printing timer sports. At the equestrian sports and athletic sports newly developed official time-counting device for of 1/100 of second supplied by the printing timer, recorded the ultimate time through the signal from in the modern pentathlon, the printing timer played basket-ball, functions not only for the convenience while the auxiliary camera in turn caught the time the photo electric cells activated simultaneously an important role. After the starting signal clock of the participants and the spectators but also is sent by a separate crystal chronometer, and showed with the finish of the two cyclists. The two large announced the start at intervals of five minutes in itself an official timer. High accuracy is obtained the conditions as the boat entered the goal. The second-clocks received the signal from the printing the case of the equestrian sports and one minute by the use of the crystal watch, and no disputes photographed films were developed by the auto­ timer which automatically stopped showing the in the case of the athletic sports, respective re­ at all arose regarding decisions at any events which matic developing device, within some 30 seconds, unofficial time for the two cyclists. The order of quired times were accurately recorded by the finish used this timing system. This device not only and after being projected to the enlargement screen timing for the team pursuit was the same as for signal transmitted from the photo-electric cells type counts the remaining time for the game but is of the automatic enlargement and printing device the individual pursuit. Flowever, the signals for 11, simultaneously with the arrival of the partici­ equipped also with a thirty second rule indicator the order of finish was recorded. For the official the laps and finish were sent to the printing timer pants at the goals. and a point indicator. In the section which indi­ time, the final counted time obtained through the selecting the third cyclist of the team by means In the three-day event of the equestrian sports, cates the remaining time for the sport (being twenty printing timer handled by the officials at the goal of the grip switch without using the photo electric the course was divided into five areas. At the minutes in each half), 20 luminated bars indicating was announced in the same way as the lap time. cells. For the counting method for the team road starting point, the starting signal clock notified the the minutes and the surrounding 60 lamps indicat­ In cycling events in which the participants dash race, inasmuch as each team was required to start participants of the starting signal at intervals of ing the seconds are arranged in such a way as to

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library ••• ; •

J80 181

lia be easily legible. hanging in the centre of the ring indicated not List of sports equipment used When the switch on the monitor operation panel only the number of rounds but also the elapsed time Included in the athletic equipment are certain items which were found under the sections on Communications. is activated, the second-pulse originating from the of the fight at intervals of ten seconds, and the rest used at the various training venues. Also at each training venue Rowing and canoe equipment to separate the courses can be crystal watch is transmitted to the indicating unit time for the convenience of the spectators. With there were certain weight training equipment available, some es­ found outlined in the sections on Games Sites and Facilities. pecially for athletics and some used jointly by other sports. These The electric scoreboards and electronic computing equipment is placed on both sides of the court. The watch could the football and hockey events, a large clock indi­ items do not appear on this list. described separately and appears in this listing only as numerical be stopped at the appropriate time in case of foul, cating the elapsed time, (up to 45 minutes for foot­ At each sports venue there were telephone and communication numbers of equipments. equipment which is not listed hereunder. Details of these will be free throw, jump ball, etc. The remaining time of ball and 35 minutes for hockey), was installed for

the ten minutes intermission rest time and of the the benefit of the participants and the spectators. Chairs for Athletes 20 five minutes of the extended game can be indicated. In water-polo events, a large clock with an indi­ ATHLETICS Clothes Basket for Athletes 80 The 30 seconds rule indicator is also operated by a cator for each quarter per game time of five minutes Stop-watch 1/10—second 48 Desks for Recording 7 Stop-watch 1/5—second 66 Chairs for Judges 41 crystal watch being controlled by the switch of the and a rotation indicator showing points at each Digital Stop-clock (complete set) 1 Signal Flags for Passting & Eliminating Line 6 monitor operation panel. The point indicator is in quarter and total points per team, was installed at Binoculars 34 Cross-bars, Wood 300 illuminated digits and operated by a switch on the the pool-side. Whistles 7 Cross-bars, Plastic 190 Uprights for Running Fligh Jump 2 operating panel. Finish Posts 3 For the gymnastics events, a large clock equipped Reels for Goal-yarn 2 Height Measures for Running High Jump An official time-counting device with a crystal with second lamps to indicate all factors in the Stands for Timekeepers, Judges for Track Events 2 Height Measures for Pole-Vault watch was used also for wrestling. The start signal timing of each performance for the three classifica­ Thermo-hygro Metres 2 Vault Order Indicators 4 Anemo-wind Direction Metres 4 Uprights for Pole Vaults 2 was operated simultaneously with the referee button tions (men’s floor exercises, ladies’ floor exercises Tri-colored Streamers 6 Hydraulic Elevator Stands 2 which sounded the starting gong automatically ac­ and balance beam). TV Closed Circuit for Baton Touch Inspection 4 Tridents for Hinging Cross-bar 2 tivating the large clock hung in the centre of the The timer for the fencing spectators was designed Video Tape Sets 2 Height Indicator for Pole Vault I Tape Recorders 2 Pole Stands 4 mat. The indicating part of the clock is in three in such a way that the elapsed time of 12 minutes Lap-tirae Recording Systems 3 Foam Rubber Sets for Landing Place (with cover) 3 sections. The illuminated digits change at each and 6 minutes for men, 10 minutes and 5 minutes Flags (Red, White) 15 Poles for Pole Vault, Glassfiber (6 kinds) 14 second starting from :00. Rounds and intermis­ for women, and 3 minutes for the fencing in the Transceivers 17 Poles for Pole Vault, Steel (2 kinds) 25 Inspector Assignment Indication Boards 2 Runway covers for Pole-Vault, Running Jump and for sions are also indicated. When the five minutes of modern pentathlon (epée) could be indicated on Stands for Inspectors 2 Long Jump & Triple Jump the first half elapses, the one minute of the inter­ the same clock. Two clocks were installed as a set Polaroid Cameras 4 —Equipment for Throwing Events mission is automatically counted from the gong ring. for each pist. Stands for Telephone 3 Javelins for Men 163 Pistols 8 Javelins for Women 121 Upon termination of the second half, the gong Inasmuch as there was a time factor within which Blank Shot for Pistols 3,000 Throwing Distance Measuring Implements, rings and the indicating section stops at 5:00. If any performer must appear (within 3 minutes of Stands for Starter 4 Canterburian Type 2 the match were to be stopped for any reason, it the announcement of requesting for appearance in S tarter’s C lothes 4 Round-numbering Indicators 6 Microphone Set for Starters 1 Record Indicators Up to the Last Round 6 was possible to stop the counting at that point by the case of weight-lifting), a large time piece which Start-ready Notice-boards 4 Trace Indication Equipment for Dropping Point 6 a button on the operating panel. When the referee used an electronic sound indicator was adopted. Recording Boards for Track Events 20 Pegs 50 would instruct the match to continue even after Goal-in Order Judgement Device by Inter Locked Pistol 1 Blackboards, Small Type 40 Micro Chronométrés (Second Reading Watch) for Angle Indication Marks 4 the first half was completed, it was possible to Distance Indication Marks 26 extend the indication of the elapsed time of the Father Clocks 2 Distance Indication Equipment, Box Type 3 game from five to eight minutes. When the refree Course-indicators for Track Events 20 Javelin Stands 4 Course-indicators for Relay Events 24 Indication Boards for Elimination Line 4 announces the termination of the first half of the Order Indication Board 1 Discus for Men 44 match, the one minute of the intermission is count­ Round-numbering Indication Boaid 1 Discus for Women 44 ed. When this intermission is over, the time count­ Round-numbering Indication Bell 1 Coloured Flags for Best-six 3 Round-numbering Indication Record Communication System 1 Hemp Palm Mats 300 ing of the second half is activated. For example, Starting Blocks 56 Wire Netting Mats 100 it there was an extension of 1 minute 02 seconds, Batons 43 Hammer Stands 4 the time counting of the remaining half would be Hurdles 190 Discus Stands 4 Hurdle Trucks 10 Shot-put for Men 33 started from 1:03 instead of :00. In this way the 3,lX)0m Steeplechase R em oval H urdles 4 Shot-put for Women 32 actual time of the game was given at all times. This Indication Flags for Open Lanes 2 Shot-put Retuining System 1 set timing system enabled the matches to be conducted Vinyl-tape (also used for field events) 4,500 m Shot-put Stands 4 Beach Parasols (for rain) H am m ers smoothly on schedule. 3 32 Tents (for rain) 3 Hammei'-throwiiig cages (wire netting) 3 For the Judo events, a special large clock was Blankets 10 Back-numbers for Athletes (4 kinds) 2,000 used to indicate up to thirty seconds, the time of Stretchers 5 Circles for Shot-put Throwing, with Stopper & cover 4 sets Chairs, Collapsible 40 Circles for Discus, with Stopper & cover any “osaekomi” (holding down) by means of the 4 sets Chairs. Portable 150 Cart for Throwing Implement second indicating lamp arranged around the match —Equipments for Jumping Events —Equipment for Road-race Events time counting indicator. This apparatus served as Jump-distance perspective Measures 2 (Marathon & Walking Events) Pin for Landing Point 1 T ents the official timer connected with the integration 10 Red & White Flag for Judgement 1 Desks, L ong Size 90 M stop-watches at the officials tables. Take-off Boards 4 Chairs, Collapsible 165 For the rifle shooting, a large double-faced crystal- Clay Peate 5 Chairs, Portable 35 Landing Measure Plates for Measuring 1 Table Cloths (White, Red and Yellow) clock indicating the actual time as well as the re­ 70 Indication Flags for World Records 4 Thermo-hygro Metres 10 maining time was used. Two of these were installed Indication Flags for Olympic Records 4 Megaphones, Electric 9 for the free rifle events and three for the small bore Electric Illumination Equipment 4 Water Supply Equipment (Buckets, Ladles and sponges) 10 sets Black Boards for Indicating Vault Order Towels rifle. 3 150 Sand Level Control Equipment 4 Cups 1,020 For the boxing, the large cylinder-type clock Runway Marks 540 V inyl-tape 10 rolls

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 182 1 8 3

Markers for Turning Points 1 S triking M itts 33 Score Indicators for Judgement (Hand operated) 26 Kilo-metres Signs 33 Glove for C om petition 700 Linoleum 20 25 Score Indicators for Judgement (Electrically operated) 6 Sign for Exercise Courses 20 Gongs 17 Metal Pists 20 Folding-type Beds 50 Skipping-ropes 96 Piste-covers WEIGHT-LIFTING 14 Blankets 220 Rosin-boxes 34 Sub-lights 15 Performance Stands 1 Stretchers 4 Ring, for Competition 1 Scoring Lights 24 Platforms, for Formal Performance 1 First Aid Medicine Kits 2 Lottery Sets 1 Reel Stands 1 Platforms, for exercise 20 Haversacks for Athletes 100 M irrors 19 Protect Net, for Final Field Barbells 38 Drinking Containers for Individual Athletes 250 Notice Board of the Records 10 Scoring Board, All-round Barbell Plates, 20kg 130 Step Ladders, Collapsible 2 Bandaging 800 Scoring Boards 12 Barbel Shafts 14 Chronométrés 9 Match Indicating Board vj Gongs 12 28 Electric Judgement Indicator 1 Clock Wagons 9 Electrically Operated Match Process Indicator 1 Poise Score Board 1 Micro Chronométrés 1/5 18 Towels 500 Weapon Measuring Gauges ID Weight Indicator 1 (The following included equipments for both training and Sponges 400 Weapon Inspection Stands 2 14 Barbell H angers 28 exercise. ) First Aid Kits 1 Testers 28 Dumb-bells 14 Vehicles (Each Type) 62 Medicine Balls 17 Electric Judging Machines Short Barbells 9 Line Drawers 10 Office Equipment 1 FOOTBALL Inclined Benches 9 R ollers 1 List for Athletes Numbering 450 Squat Benches 9 Rollers 3 Goal Posts 15 i Squat Stands 13 Rollers 1 CANOEING Goal N ets 18 Performance Order Boards 1 Carts for use on the field 2 Electric Sore Indicator 1 Line-drawing Sets 31 Screens for Weighting 1 Repairing tools kits for the Runway & Field 15 sets Notice Boards of the Records 4 Inbators 21 Leg-press Stands 4 Tape Measures, Steel 20m 5 Repairing Tools 1 set Ball Gauges 5 5 Iron-shoes 10 30m 6 Microphones for Coach 27 Balances for Ball 13 Chestweights 2 " " " 50m 4 Rescue Life-buoys 6 Steel T ape M easures 5 M ats 13 // // 1,),)^ 4 Back Numbers for Athletes 300 Thread for Line-drawer Blacked Rubber Sheets 32 Corner Flags 60 " " Cloth 50m 5 M ail Boxes 2 20 Platform Adjusters 5 Anemo & Wind-direction-metres 3 Flags (L ine’s M an) 30 Weighting Machine for Barbell 1 ROWING Thermo & Hygro-metres 3 Whistles 38 sets Weighing Machines for Performer 10 (Included equipment & instrument for the use of exercise course) D eck-chairs 100 Shoe-repairing Stands 5 Red & White Portable Flags 8 Boat Trucks 12 Motor Boats, for Officials 9 Ball Stands 5 Microphone Sets 1 Rescue Equipment 10 sets . Binoculars 20 Safes for A pparatus 398 W histles 10 200 Measuring Seal Balls Danger Stakes 1 Pow der C halk 150 kg Boat-number Boards 60 C anoe N um bers 150 GYMNASTICS Rosin 70 kg 20 Motor-way Flag 1 M ileposts Portable Sauners (Steam Bath) 3 T op-m arks 120 C anoe Stands 140 Horizontal Iron Bars 7 T ool K it 1 Boat-stands 120 Bamboo Grente-measuring Sets Mats for Horizontal Bar (L) 42 2 Goals 9 Slits 5 set Canoe Length-measuring Sets 2 Bar Polishing Stands 7 Goal Nets 12 Recordnotice Boards 3 Canoe Weight-measuring Sets Long Horses 12 2 C o rn er Flags 93 Match-plates 2 ” Micropliones, for Starter 1 Appioach-running Mats 12 Gongs 10 Transceivers 10 Distance-adjusters for Long Horse 14 HOCKEY Anemo & Wind-direction-metres 5 Motor-boats for coach 18 Beat-boards for Long Horse 59 Backnets 8 Motor-boats 8 Tag-boats 10 Mats for Long Horse 48 Ground Fences 4 B inoculars 22 Dehydration Machines 2 Parallel Bars 7 sets Inspection Rings (Ball) 10 Weighing Machines 3 Judge’s Stand 1 Mat for Parallel Bars 28 Line-drawers (Powder) 26 Repairing Tools 1 set Office Equipment 1 set Bar of Parallel Bars 17 Line-drawers (Liquid) 16 Electric Indicator 1 Land-markers 4 Side Horses 7 Whistles 40 Buzzar Set to Judge the Order of Goal 1 set Mats for Side Horse 28 M easures 7 Boats, Communication use 12 CYCLING Pommels for Side Horse 4 Ball Beasures 3 Flags 130 Suspension Sets Attached to Motorcar 50 Flying Rings 7 Balls 100 do7. Back-numbers 240 Starting Stands 9 Mats for Flying Rings 21 Score-information-boards 3 Furniture for Office Work 1 set Exercise Stands 50 Swing-stoppers for Flying Rings ■14 Elimination Score Boards 3 Lottery Set 1 Wire & Belts for Flying Rings 14 Score Board for Final Tournament 1 BASKET-BALL Indicator, for Start. Numbers 50 Rings for Flying Rings 24 Name Plates for Score Board 32 Inflators 7 Posts for Cross Curtain for Road Race 10 Stands for Flying Rings 7 Score Boards 1 Uniforms for Judges 12 Lap Number Plates 2 Floors for Floor Exercise 12 Lawn Mower Equipment 3 Mats for Floor Exercise 12 Scoring-boards, Electrically Operated 2 Record Sheet Slielf 1 JUDO Notice-boards for League Tournament 2 Blackboard, Carrying-on-back Type, for Road Race 1 Balance Beams 7 Spare Judo W ear 24 Notice-boards for Tournament Games 2 Spare Bicycles 20 Mats for Balance Beam (L) 45 7 Red & White Strings 80 Rings 15 H elm ets 20 Uneven Parallel Bars Judo M ats 100 Weighing Balances 2 Distance Indicating Post for Road Races 60 Bars for Uneven Parallel Bars 42 24 Apron Mats 280 Court-cover 1 Poraloid Cameras for Judgement 4 Mats for Uneven Parallel Bars 7 League-tournament Boards 4 Mats for Back Stop 4 Electric Scoring Boards 2 Pianos Big D rum 1 Lottery Cups 1 Repairing Tool Kit 1 Record-players 9 Bails 140 Cross Curtains for Road Race 5 Tape Recorders 9 Gongs 2 Ju d g e’s Flags 12 Rings & Nets 5 Air-compressors 7 Mats for Warming-up (L) 22 Weighing Machines 2 Back-boards with Stand 7 p air M akers 50 Magnesium Carbonate Boxes 58 34 Lottery Set I Photo-Judge Sets 2 Rosin with Box 8 Ju d o M ats for T ra in in g 100 BOXING Binoculars 5 Equipment-fixing-apparatus Curtains for Windows 6 Electric Scoring Boards 2 Weighing-machines 25 Bells 3 M irrors 10 Back-numbers 400 Gloves foi- training 280 Office Equipment 1 Steel Tape Measures 13 Indicating Lights for Judges 1 Ring for training 15 FENCING Le vels II L inoleum 1 Sand-bags, 32 Score Boards 10 H eadgear 66 Piste Stands 20 Watches 22 WRESTLING Punching Balls 34 Piste Stand for Final Competition 1 Back Numbers for Athletes 300 Score Boards 6 Punching Gloves 66 Spare Reels 32 Placards 42 Operation Boxes for Score-board 3

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 184 185

Judgement Indicators 27 SHOOTING Measuring Implements 10 Wrestling Mats 15 VOLLEY-BALL Carts for Finn Class Yacht 15 Weighing Machines 12 —For Rifle Shooting— Uprights 32 Carts for F.D. 10 Mat Stands 6 Shot Hole Gauges R.F.L 230 Referee Chairs 15 Masts, Finn Class 70 C best Weights 11 Pistol Standard Gauges 5 Scoring Boards 17 Yacht, Finn Class, Spare (Booms) 70 11 Barbells Pistol Standard Boxes 7 Benches 13 (Tillers) 45 Dumb-bells 11 Auto-balances 2 Nets 34 " (L adders) 20 Order-announcing Boards 8 Tape Measures 2 Portable Scoring Boards 2 Yacht, Finn Class, Spare (Centre Boards) 10 Balance 1 Magnifing Glasses 3 Net Measures 40 Yacht, Finn Class, Spare (Sails) 10 Ankle Tapes l.(K)0 G un Tuckers 12 Whistles 144 Yacht. Finn Class, Spare (Single Blocks) 100 Order-indicating Board 1 Sheets for Lay Shoot 100 Pressure Gauges 13 Yacht, Finn Class, Spare (Double Blocks) 100 K nee Pads lOB Inflators 35 Transceivers IW 73 SWIMMING AND DIVING E lbow Pads 100 Weighing Balances (Ball) lo w 10 Automatic Judgement Device 1 Gun Stands 60 Weighing-machines Wind Direction-velocity Metre 1 Couise-rope.s 42 Target Carrying Boxes 5 Ball-holders 2 B arom etre 1 Diving Boards for Diving 14 Target Arranging Shelfs 27 Buzzer Sets 2 Thermoraetre 1 Fixed Mats for High Diving Target Lockers 12 4 Balls 496 Cannons for Yacht Race Signal 9 Pistols, for Starter 2 Stands for Target Arranging 3 Flags for L ine’s M an 40 Measuring Balances for F, F.D. 2 Blank Shot 1,500 Boxes for Score Sheet 4 Ball C ircum ference M easures 4 " Star Class 2 Space Mai ks foi' Backstroke 2 Target Repair Tools 3 Tape Measures 11 " " Dragon, 5.5 1 Rope w'ith Pole to Protect Flying 1 Target Carrying Belt 11 Line Tapes 240 Robot Buoys for Current Surveying 2 Electric Indicator 1 set Ear Plugs (L) 140 Electric Scoring Boards 2 Start Poles 6 V.T.R. G un Stands 1 set 150 Pontoons for Hydrofoil Boat 2 Loud-speaker Set for Start 1 set Gun Hangers WATER-POLO 250 Mobile Cranes (1.3t) 2 Closed Circuit TV System Target Frames 1 set 258 Pistols " (7t) 1 Judge Desks 3 Inflators Spray-gun with Compressor 1 MODERN PENTATHLON Small Notice Boards 100 BALL Measuring Sets 3 Planers (Hand) 20 Lottery Set 1 Target Repair Stands 5 Goals (H ang, F loating System) 3 Band-saw, Electrically Operated 1 Whip Measuring Sets 30 Target Canying Boxes 35 Field Ropes 3 C -Clam ps 5(K) Shoe-take-off Stands Bullet Boxes 20 230 Central Pole Fixtures 2 Sanders 5 Saddle Stands 8 Conductor Stand 1 Balls 130 Carpenters Tools 5 Number Plates for Hurdle of Steeplechase Boards for Prompt Announcing of Score 22 12 Burrets for Pistol Signal 35 Smoke Candles 250 Back-numbers of Lead Boards to Indicate Shooting Number 6 5 Whistles 40 Drill, Electrically Operated 1 L ead Bands Scoring Boards 5 12 Caps for A thletes 6 Baloons (Hydrogen Gas) 9 S tirrups Target Lockers 240 6 Flags 5 Referee Stands 3 Reins 6 Used-cartridge Boxes 205 Inter-lines 2 Electric Pump for Swarming Water Tank 1 Fault-making Boards Record Announcing Boards 20 5 Watches 3 Boats Identification Flags 90 Target Balances Martingales 10 160 V.T.R. 2 Boat PositioTi Mai ket-boards 170 Harness Sets Targets (FR) 15 6,290 Closed Circuit TV System 1 Tents for Headquarters’ Boat 3 Horse-trimming Apparatus " (SB) 15 157,540 Smoke Signal Bullets 720 Ju d g e’s Stand " (F P ) YACHTING 1 27,420 Electric Batteries for Transceivers 18.000 " (R F ) Board for Equestrian I 33,500 Mark Buoys 26 Protesting Flags for Finn Class 50 Board for Fencing I Record Arranging Shelfs 6 Mark Wire Auxiliary Sets 24 Race Flags for Finn Class 50 Board for Pistol Rial Tension Gauges I 9 Mooring Buoys 80 Communication Boats 15 Boaid for Cross-country 1 Peak Lupes 20 Mooring Ropes 125 Finn Class Yachts (Training) 20 Board for Fencing-and-pistol Graduated Lupes 1 15 Hempen Ropes 10 Hydrofoil Boats 2 Synthetic Boards 2 Lottery Sets 2 Nylon Ropes 10 Ball Disk 1 Removable Hurdles A. B 3 Hammer Tuckers 138 Cardie (L ) 21 Shock Cords for Finn Class 45 G un Stands 24 Seals 4 Cotton Cords 10 Seats for Finn Class 15 Lead Plates 110 45° Scales 6 Cardie (S) 80 Tongues for Finn Class 45 Cross-country Course Indications System 1 Scopes 180 Recall Plate 45X3 3 Cum Cleats for Finn Class 90 Target Silhouettes 1,000 Sailors-knives 55 Pipe Cleats for Finn Class 90 EQUESTRIAN SPORTS Drawing Boards 25 Aqualungs 1 Bailers for Finn Class 45 Gongs for Dressage & Jumping 3 Shot Hole Gauges A 110 Life-jackets 45 Gudgeon Pins for Finn Class 7 Steel Tape Measures (30cm) 4 B 30 Yachts, Finn Class 45 Shackles 200 M easures 2 C 30 Measuring Tank 1 Paddles 20 Arm Bands witli Numbers 220 D 30 Horse-number Bands 220 E 30 Weighing-machines 2 Repair Tools Ropes 4 —For Clay Shooting— Player’s Back-numbers 90 Clay Project Machines 40 Back-numbers on Saddle 90 Spare Traps 5 Flags 88 Clay Project Machine Main Spiings 50 Boards to Indicate the Disqualified 41 Machine to Produce Clay 1 Set of Straps & Maiks for Dressage 1 Indicating Sets for Clay Projector 3 M angers 230 Tables for Side Judge 4 Hoof Washing Tubs 100 Gun Hangers 8 Horse Grooming Equipment 220 Box, Ammunition 80 Hemp Bridles 40 Bugles 30 H em p Reins 600 Main Notice Boards for Clay 2 Steel Tape Measures 4 Transceivers 6 M easures 10 Score Notice Sets 2 Horse (chamber) Blinkers 160 Repair Tools 40 Horse Shoeing Material & E quipm ent 2 Barrel Cooling Sets 10 Veterinary Medical Treatment Instrument 2 Weighing Balances, 12 kg 10 Clay Pigeon Targets 132,000

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 186 187

Timing system for Basket-Ball Basis of TIme-Pieces Used the clock, but instead a scorer would read out the numbers indicated on the clock. From signals from official timers seat : at the Sport Administration The two large spectator clocks show the actual Time of the lap time metre source: When the game time and interval time. The tiiiie-pieces actually used are described in the runner passed through the lap point, the signal was The 30 second rule indicator below the goal is activated. paragraphs which follow, using athletic events as transmitted from a photo-electronic apparatus The time standard is assured by crystal time chronométrés. Score indicator board (A) illustrations. through a cable (B) and the time was automatically

recorded on a printing timer. Board of remaining time of pla Tinie-piece of the track games in the athletic events Time of measuring the goal: (1) When a Time of the start: (1) With the discharge of runner arrived at the goal, the goal signal was Score indicator the pistol at the starting point (different for each transmitted from the photo-electronic apparatus, board (B) event), a signal was transmitted through a cable and the printing timer automatically recorded the 30 second rule indicator (B) 30 second rule indicator (A) (A) to a printing timer provided at a dugout near times of each participant. (2) From a point . * th e goal. just before the runner arrived at the goal, the cam­ 1 (2) At the same time, a large second clock for era of the photo finish apparatus operated to record the spectators on the electrically illuminated board photographically the goal-in and time. (3) The commenced counting by means of a gearing of the large second clock of the electrically illuminated printing timer and a cable (D). With the start, board was automatically stopped by the goal signal the photo finish apparatus was activated to supply of the first arrival. a time signal from a crystal clock of the printing timer through cable ( C ). (3) At the seats of the relevant officials, grip switches were provided by connecting to the digital

stop clocks (3X8 = 24 per 1 course) placed at the C r y s ta l ŒV| m i F ) dugout and these operated to transmit start signals,

lap signals and goal signals activated by the officials. Score check section (2) 30 sec. rule Play time check The officials were not required to read the hands of R elay box ® Power source (AC lOOV 500W) ® Power source (AC lOOV 3KW)

3'iiniiig sywlciii used for track and field events indicated the time of day. This electronic score­ Score-indicating Apparatus board allowed the use of numerals, alphabetical let­ Electric scoreboards prepared for the Tokyo Olynr- ters, as well as various symbols and diagramatical pic Games were of three types viz.:— (1) Electro­ figures etc., which were operated both automatically motive scoreboards connected to electronic detec­ and manually from the operator’s room through tors; (2) Scoreboards designed for both electromo­ tape-transrnitter, page-printer and keyboard. With W ater tive and manual operation; and (3) those for the automatic indication, the details were first Electric bulletin board manual operation only (mostly those using magnetic punched on to tape and when played back were plates). Thirty six representative companies from shown on the scoreboard at the speed of 5 charac­ the electronic industry in Japan cooperated in pre­ ters per second. The names of the competitors paring the 109 items under this heading which were and the countries had been prepared and tape- required. A total of 137 technicians were posted punched in advance, thus only the scores were con­ at the various installations sites to operate these nected with the tape through the hand operated facilities. keyboard. Special characteristics of this equipment The electric scoreboard at the National Stadium: were (1) brightness of illumination could freely This was the largest installation of this equipment be adjusted according to the degree of environ­ Seats for time measuring personnel and had outside dimensions of 34mX 11.7m. The mental brightness; (2) units (70 bulbs) could be

^ electric illuminated panel itself measured 25m X switched on or off simultaneously; and (3) the D u g o u t I j_PT jTime jmeasuring roorn 7.4m. The bulb-units each measuring 70cm X 50cm illumination panel could be divided into two main — (£>■ were in 10 layers and 50 horizontal rows, making sections (right and left) and each block could show (Measuring equipments) (C able) it feasible to simultaneously show 500 letters, and the scores independently. It was these character­ PT : Printing Timer Type II A Cable for use in starting signal connected to pistol requiring 17,500 bulbs to operate. Two large clocks istics which made feasible the various symbols at DS : Digital Stop-Clock Cable for use of lap or goal signal connected to were installed in the upper and lower parts of the the opening and closing ceremonies and the simul­ PF : Photo Finish Apparatus photo electtronic system LC : Large Spectators Clock Cable for use of timing signal connected to photo left front face, the upper clock being 3m in dia­ taneous posting of details or translations in both CC : Crystal Chronométré finish apparatus mètre and interlocked with the photo electric cells, English and French. SP : Pistol for Starting Use Cable for use in starting and goal signal, connected PH1-PH5 : Photo Electronic System Type II starter’s stop watches, etc. The large second hand The fully automatic device to determine the precise to large spectator clock ® Terminal for Pistol Use f clearly indicated the timing of each event while Cable for use of digital stop-clock connected to sequence of arrivals and to measure the elapse of • : Terminal for Photo Electronic System grip-switch in the seats for time measuring personnel the lower clock, being an ordinary electric clock. time: This device recorded electrically the

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 188 189

sequence of arrivals and the elapsed time as swim­ by pressing buttons. For the diving events, the electrical device. judgement device. Then by illuminating the film, mers reached the goals. The pistol sound at the sequence of diving, name and nationality of par­ Weight-lifting record indicating device: This de­ it was reproduced through closed circuit television start and the touch movements at the goals were ticipants, kind of diving, style, etc. were entered vice was 5.11mX6.12m in size, in which the first, camera (lens: 50mm-75mm) and the symbols were both converted into electric impulse signals. The beforehand on the punched cards in the same way second and third records per class were indicated enlarged and projected upon the monitoring televi­ jÿ'f' time was indicated and recorded through crystal- as for the swimming events. The competitors were electrically and the number, name, nationality and sion. This operation was carried out roughly with­ controlled time-recording apparatus. The principal introduced also in the same way as the swimming, weight were indicated by the inserting system. in one minute. In this system the use of nonper­ components of this device were ( 1 ) starting micro­ f,'k the only difl’erence in recording being that these Weight-lifting judging device (50mmX 1200mm) forated film, the larger picture area compared with phone (signal unit); (2) touch board (detector were shown in two steps. The evaluation points This was a stand-shaped device with 5 layers of the conventional slit camera, and the superior re­ unit); (3) electronic clock, time counting unit were indicated in each trial board, (these were the rings for both the white (success) and red (failure) solution capacity (the loss caused by the perforation (time recording); (4) printing unit (recording); evaluation points from the 7 judges’ operating boxes lamps. In ordinary cases, 3 layers of each, (above of a 35mm perforated film amounting to about (5) the main scoreboard (indicating unit), etc. and the average points after deducting the maxi­ and below the central line) were used by one princi­ 10mm) were regarded as improvements. It was The jristol sound of the starter was picked up by mum and minimum points by the main operating pal judge and two assistant judges. Only when possible to pass quick and accurate judgement in a microjrhone (wrist-watch type) attached to the box both having been multiplied by the difficulty objections were raised from the competitors were that the well defined judgement lines over the full ‘\ starter’s arm and converted into an electric impulse. ratio) as well as the final score (which was the each five layers of ring lamps (5 white and 5 red area of the picture enabled accurate decisions on This was recorded as a time-recording signal to the total points obtained by individual). All calcula­ layers) above and below the centre line used by 5 placing to be readily made. Simultaneous photo­ nearest 0.01 of a second. The time-recording urh tions were quickly and correctly handled automati­ referees. graphing of the date and the event number was operated in 1 /lOO’s of a second and the goal-arrival cally by electronic computers. Weight-lifting weight indicating device: This accomplished simply by installing a stationary fixed sequence differential capacity was 1/1000 of a Use of closed circuit television: The records 2.00mX1.20m device was installed on a stand 1.35 indicating board on the extension of the goal line. second. As the swimmer touched the touch board, printed through the automatic judging apparatus metres high. The weight and the number of the the output signal of the detecting unit closed the were communicated immediately to the press room, try were indicated electrically, while the class, name, Rowing and canoeing For the rowing and circuit of each course indicating unit, allowing the the competitors’ waiting room, the call room and the Olympic record and the world record were canoeing events, a device consisting of a 16mm first lap time to be indicated on the indicator. After the officials’ waiting room through closed circuit indicated by the inserting system. camera, a crystal clock with electric flash numerals 10 seconds, the gate again opened to resume the TV receivers. Electric indicating device for clay pigeon and rifle (1/100 second unit), an automatic developer, a same operation, and while indicating the time, it Video tape-recorder (V.T.R.): This was used shooting This was ■ 3.65mX 1.50m in size, and film judgement viewer, and an automatic enlarger, prepared itself to indicate the next lap. (The posi­ for the athletics and swimming events. Video tape- a scoring system of 25 shots per round was adopted. were employed. These were set in such a way that tion of the touch board was adjustable to be either cameras were allocated at the goal for the track Two groups of lamps (in green and in red) were the frontal lens on the tower of the Games head­ above or below the surface of water.) The record­ and swimming, at the diving board in the case of used. When the target was hit the green lamp quarters was on the same line as the goal line. ing unit ]3rinted on the recording cards within ten diving, at the baton touch points in the case of the above was lighted, and if the target was missed the The camera was equipped with a lens to photo­ seconds the number of laps, time, course number relay. This collected material was recorded on red lamp below lit up. The total of hits was indi­ graph the competitors in the front, and a time- and sequence of arrival as indicated by the indica­ tape records and reproduced if any question of cated by a reflection panel. The registered num­ counting lens which photographed the electric flash tor. This system enabled the elimination of dis­ judgement score arose. bers, the name of countries and the competitors time indicated by the crystal clock which was set crepancies caused by human error, refraction of Boxing record indicating device: The standard were indicated by the inserting method. at an angle of 90 degrees. This enabled the condi­ light at the time of touch-recording, irregular size was 2.99mX 1.70m. An inserting system was Volley-ball electric indicating device: This was tions of the competitors immediately before the reflection of water and air bubbles, which factors adopted to record the names of countries, competi­ 3.84m X 1.15m in size. The right of serving, points, finish, and the actual times in units of 1/100 have often been the subject of disputes in the past. tors, class, division, etc. Points recorded by the 5 points per set were indicated by an electric flash and second, to be printed in each frame of film. The Electric scoreboard for swimming: This appara­ judges for both athletes were announced in green the reflection panel. films thus photographed were developed by an tus measured 6mX7ni in size and each bulb unit and red on the scoreboard. At the same time, the Inter-writer: This is a device by which charac­ automatic developer and the sequence of finish contained 25 bulbs. The bulb units were arranged green lamps above and the red lamps below indi­ ters written by pencil is telephotographed to an­ and the actual times were judged through the in 9 layers and 27 rows, making the total number cated the number of points for each (for example: other party and reproduced. viewer. The film at the instant of the finish was of bulbs 6,075. The unit comprised the controlling red 3—green 2). The results of the judgement printed by the automatic enlarger and was made relay unit, the main scoreboard, the flexo-writer, the were thus enabled to be correctly and quickly an­ available to the judge group and the press. The operation box, the counter, the judges’ operating nounced. Photo-finish apparatus average time of this processing was under one box, the recorders’ operating box, etc. Rowing record indicating device: This device For use in athletics and cycling events T his d e­ minute. The advantages of this device can be For the swimming events, details of the event, was 7.50m X 7.15m and distance and record (up to vice comprised a crystal clock, a decatron unit enumerated as:— The actual conditions of the boats course, names and nationality of participants were 1/100 second) were electrically indicated automati­ (time-counting start unit), an integrating counter at a certain distance from the goal were photo­ ' i entered on the programme cards beforehand, and cally. The names of countries, order in finish and unit, a time-counting photograph device, and a film graphed. Even if the arrival appeared to be simul­ W : ( 1 ) a letter selection formula was automatically set; classes were indicated by a panel recording and television judgement device. The time-counting taneous, this method provided material for judging (2) a copy was prepared by setting the card to the the inserting system. start unit was activated by the sound of the pistol, whether a boat actually caught up or escaped from indicator’s memory unit, after being punched Cycling (Fist) indicating device: This appara­ setting in motion the decatron unit and the oscillat­ being caught up. In each frame of film the time through the card-reader of the flexo-writer; and tus measures 8.64mX7.39m. Details of class, order ing circuit of the crystal clock in the computation in 1/100’s of a second was printed (this means that (3) after confirming the copy, the swimmers could of finish, the names of countries, numbers of each circuit, illuminated the letter dial of the integrating 100 frames of film were used every second). be introduced on the board by pressing the appro­ competitor, records (up to 1/100 second), etc., were counter unit at second intervals, and imprinted priate buttons. The record which came out of the all indicated by the electrically operated apparatus. the times in 1/lOth of a second on each image of For modern pentathlon This device was com­ ' ■ M - automatic electronic judging device was key-punch­ Cycling (Road) indicating device: This was the film. The error factor of the initial was only posed of an automatically released camera (35mm) ed. After setting it to the memory circuit a copy I t - 9.10m X 7.70m in size. The sequence of finish, the ±1/1000 second. and a control box. The printing timer and the was prepared, and after confirmation, the full name of countries, number of the competitors, The printed films were immediately developed infra red ray phototube device were used together. 4:i records were indicated in the sequence of arrivals records (up to 1/10 second) were indicated by an and placed in the fixing-bath tank of the image

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 190 191

The considerations leading to the decision on the in using the official names, abbreviations were established inside the village, many technical ques­ Training Venues selection of the training venues; Between the arranged. tions other than those relating to the allocation of Outline of the selection of training venues and the end of 1962 and March of the following year, the the training venues were posed from the teams of preparation Some 80 training venues were ar­ proposed training venues were selected and pre­ Degree of utilization of the training venues T h e various countries as well as the press. ranged for the convenience of Olympic participants liminary investigations was made. In consultation degree of utilization of the training venues is listed The officials in charge of planning who were also and these were scattered over a considerable area with athletic groups, the renting of 75 sites was in the separate table. the officials in charge of sports handled these mat­ of Tokyo and its environs. provisionally decided in April 1963. From May The figures in the table are based on the number ters. However, there were cases where the availa­ On account of the comparatively small number the same year actual negotiations for their lease of practices which were handled through the office ble service offered who not adequate to meet these of publicly-operated sports facilities it was found were conducted and at the same time facilities and for the training venues. It is likely therefore, that questions. necessary to make use of the facilities of private equipment at each sites were surveyed and a list the actual practice was in excess of these statistics. Practice on rainy days; Due to the shortage schools and welfare facilities of private organizations of apparatus and equipments required for adequate For example considerable practice was conducted in the indoor training venues exclusively prepared on that occasion. operation was prepared. on the “Oda Field” inside the Olympic Village, for rainy weather, there was difficulty in making Periods of use; In principle the opening day and these figures are not reflected in the table. allocation of training venues on rainy days. Volley­ of the Olympic Village was adopted for the starting Operational method of the training venues O f­ Actual number of persons who trained includes ball, basket-ball sites, etc. were used temporarily to day of the training venues. It was expected that fice for the training venues; The Organizing those for managers, coaches, etc. meet the difficulty. 1st October would be the date by which the majori­ Committee designated the training venues and the Rowing, canoeing, cycling and equestrian sports Allocation of personnel at each training venue; ty of participants would have joined the village. period during which they were to be used. Train­ (Karuizawa) are included in the free practice class­ Personnal were allocated, to each training venue, Distribution of training venues: In selecting ing conducted at venues other than these was left ification, and are accordingly included in the table. in order to maintain adequate liaison with the these, as far as possible those within a radius of to the discretion of the various countries themselves. In all sports the peak of practice was observed training venue office. 10 kilometres from the main village at Yoyogi were The control of the training venues and allocation several days before and after the start of the Games. Practice outside the designated training venues; used. A number however, particularly those for of times for use by each delegation was maintained 10th October and when the events had actually A number of teams practiced outside the training hockey and football were outside this limit, though by a section of the Olympic Village managements started practice decreased sharply and eventually venues designated by the Organizing Committee. they were in most cases in the general area of the on the second floor of the service centre near the disappeared altogether. There were several countries which rented training sites for the respective sports. front entrance to the main Olympic Village. In arranging the lease of the practice venues, the venues for the exclusive use of one particular coun­ Facilities; The condition of the grounds was This office was open from 15th September 1964 date of 15th September, being the date of opening try in places away from Tokyo, such as the Soviet given maximum consideration, though efforts were to 5th November from 9;00 a.m. to 8;00 p.m. daily. of the Olympic Village was arranged in anticipation athletic team which practiced in Utsunomiya City also made to improve as well the facilities of each Training venues for yachting, canoeing, cycling of practice facilities being required from that date. until the day preceding to the Opening Ceremony. training venue. Public facilities were substantially and equestrian sports (Karuizawa) were managed In fact however, gymnastics and volley-ball were the enlarged and improved as the request of this Com­ respectively by the detached villages in the same only sports that started practice on 15th Septem­ mittee. Facilities of private schools and private way as at the Yoyogi main village. ber, the opening day. Both of these were Japanese enterprises were also considerably improved. In teams. particular, such conveniences as hot water showers, Basic principles for using training venues T he Almost no practice took place in any sports on washrooms, etc. which were considered inadequate training methods for the designated training venues the day of the Opening Ceremony. Those who did were improved. were classified into three headings, viz.; free prac­ engage in practice did so in the early morning or tice (no allocation being made) allocated practice in the evening, thus reflecting the participants’ on request (allocated according to applications) eagerness to take part in the Opening Ceremony. and planned allocated practice (allocated in ad­ No distinction was made between the sexes in allocations, and these statistics are for both men The weight-lifting training field at the Olympic Village vance). used this bulletin hoard to show bookings and available Postings of training venue allocations Free practice; No allocations were necessary. and women. training times For purposes however, of preparing adequate trans­ For weight-lifting the period up to 1st October port facilities, notification was requested to be sub­ was made a free practice period. mitted by 12;00 on the preceding day. For judo, practice was carried out at the univer­ Allocated practice per request; Teams wish­ sities in Tokyo, etc. and other venues prior to 1st ing to use any particular training venue were re­ October and these statistics are not therefore in­ — _ « «'I aa «S * ite ALLOCATION BOARD OF TRAIN INS VENUES quested to submit application forms by 12;00 on cluded with these figures. TABLEAU POUR LALLOCATION DBS LKUX OmmAIHEmNT the preceding day. Transportation arrangements In swimming and equestrian sports more than ^ were completed and posted by 15;00 the same day. two training venues were allocated each day. These yys tto I Planned allocated practice; Practice was con­ figures are accordingly total numbers. ducted based on an allocation schedule prepared In the case of the modern pentathlon one person in advance. In principle this schedule was distri­ for one classification was recorded due to the pecu­ buted after confirmation had been received of inten­ liar characteristics of this sport. For this reason, tion to use the grounds for practice at the times a person who practiced in three classes would be allocated. recorded as three persons. i?;ao n = l« l

Names of the training venues and the use of ab­ Problems concerning the management of the train­ breviations In order to standardize the names ing venues Relationship with “Information”; of the training venues and to avoid inconveniences Inasmuch as the office for the training venues was

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 192 193

Table of Record Indicators (including devices connected to gauges)

Sport event 1 Item j Quantity Type Size Sport event Item Q uantity , Type Size Athletics Photoelectric indicator 25m X 7.4m ! ^ Electric ^ (B) 4 1.20m X 1.45m Lap record informing apparatus 1 Swimming, Diving All automatic arrival order judging 1 Electric 6m X 9m Photofinish apparatus f 1 set >> and Water-polo timepiece Score board for mixed events 1 M anual Photoelectric indicator 1 Organizing board for calling out participants 1 8 Electric 1.92m X 0.65m Closed circuit television (V.T.R.) ' 3 World record indicator 2 M anual Video traperecorder 1 1 set Olympitc record indicator 2 Leauge tournament combination plate 1 Rotation type bulletin 4 Electric Distance indicating board 1 Order record indicaing board 6 M anual 1.20m X 0.80m Scoreindicating board 7 Rowing Record indicating board 3 Inter writer 1 set Electric Race combination indicating board 2 Modern Pentathlon Disqualification indicating board 20 Photoelectric indicator 1 set Electric 7.5m X 7.75m Indicating board for horsemanship 1 M anual 2.75m X 2.70m Photo finish apparatus 1 set Indicating board for fencing 2 5.58m X 3.68m Basket-ball Result announcing board 2 M anual 1.7.5mX 95m Indicating board for pistol 1 2.70m X 2.49m League match board 2 jj 2.4m X 1.5m Indicating board for cross country 1 2.70m X 2.16m Tournament board 2 ,, 3.2m X 1.3m Indicating board for fencing and pistol 10 1.20m X 1.20m Photoelectric score indicator 2 Electric For pistol shooting 12 2.40m X 5.70cm Boxing Weight sign board 20 M anual 1.20mX 0.600m Composite bulletin (individual) 1 2.93m X 3.16m Combination indicating board 2 Magnet 3.6m X 2m Composite bulletin (group) 1 2.52m X 2.16m Record indicating board 1 Electric 2.99m X 1.7m Photo recording apparatus 1 set Electric Timepiece for rounds 1 Equestrian Sports Hurdle race result indicating board 1 M anual 3.60m X 2.20m Record indicating board 16 M anual 3m X 3m 4.00m X 1.40m Cycling Start number indicating board 50 Dura bility race indicating board 1 2.40m X 1.90m Lap plate 1 Durability race proceeding board 1 2.60m X 2.00m Lap indicator 2 Race track equatrian result indicating board 1 (photoelectric in dicator) Start register plate 1 M anual 1.03m X 0.78m (1) Disqualification indicating board 41 Photoelectric indicating apparatus 2 Electric 9.1m X 5.7m M anual 0.50m X 0.41m (road) Record photograph ing device for retrial 1 set 8.69m X 7.39m Telemail (letter transmitting) device 1 set Electric 103W (piste) Shooting (Rifle) Result prompt reporter 12 M anual 0.22m X 0.12m Photo finish apparatus 1 set Shooting order announcing board 6 Im X 0.27m Road record finish apparatus 1 16 mm Score indicating board 12 0.68m X 0.51m Canoeing Photoelectric indicator 1 Electric Result announcing board (SBR) 1 8m X 2.8m Record indicator 4 4.75m X 1.88m Result announcing obard (FP 50m) 1 20.3m X 2.8m Race combination indicating board 2 Result announcing board (RPF) 1 0.35m X 0.75m Photo finish apparatus 1 set Result announcing board (SBR 3 styles) 1 14m X 2.3m Fencing Electric judging device 28 Electric Result announcing board (FR 3 styles) 1 14m X 2.3m Scoring light 15 Score indicating device 2 Electric Record indicating board 12 Magnet 2.70m X 2m Shooting (Clay) Composite bulletin 2 M anual 3.65m X 1.50m Picture indicating board 1 4.4m X 3.8m Photoelectric indicator 2 Electric Gymnastics Indicating board forjudge 26 M anual 0.32m X 0.25m Recording board 25 Scoring board for jury 2 ,, 0.147m X 0.370m Volleyball Photoelectric indicator 2 Electric 3.84m X 1.15m Individual ranking board 4 „ 5.6m X 2.6m Result announcing board 2 M agnet M ale: Each event score indicator 10 6.51m X 1.39m Participating country total score board 2 M anual 5.6m X 2.0m Female: Closed circuit television 1 set 4.87m X 1.44m Point indicating board 2 M anual Photoelectric score indicator 6 Electric 0.780m X 0.300m 1.05m X 1.50m Yachting Result indicating board 1 Weight-lifting Judging device 1 0.5m X 1.2m M agnet 8.25m X 3m Course outline plate 1 Record indicator 1 5.1 Im X 6.12m Wireless apparatus for race 1 set Weight indicator 1 2 m x 1.2m Electric low 146-162MG Automatic meteorological observation device 1 set Trial performance order plate 1 M agnet 2.6m X 2.5m startin buoy Football Result indicating board 4 M anual 4.00m X 2.65m Hockey Game prompt reporter 3 M anual 2.22m X 1.22m Score indicator 4 Electric Preliminary match resulting table 3 5.36m X 1.83m Final tournament resulting table 1 ,, 3m X 1.8m Score board 12 ,, 2m X 5.43m Photoelectric indicator 3 Electric Judo Photoelectric indicator 2 Leaguetournament table 4 ” Indicating lamp for judges 1 0.15m X 0.600m Wrestling Record indication 6 >> Judging device 6 Bulletin tl^r order announcement 8 Manual 1.80m X 0.9m Order combination disc bulletin 6 1.14m X 0.9725m Result indicating board (A) 4 1.20mx 1.12m

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 194 195

Use of Training Venues

Period Available . D istance Actual Usage (Cumulative) Sport Field and Stadium Venue Available Site Time Available Travelling from Village Time Required From To countries persons

ATHLETICS 1. Olympic Village Ground Track (400m) & Yoyogi Olympic Village Sep. 15 O ct. 21 0800— 1800 — — not recorded Field Countries 82 Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium T. (300m ) & F. Sendagaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo Athletes 1,084 2. Sep. 15 Oct. 21 0800— 1800 4.4 11 72 551 Annex Ground M en 833 3. Ground in front of the Emperor T, (400m ) & F. Kasumigaoka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo Sep. 15 Oct. 21 0800— 1800 4.4 11 46 405 W omen 251 Meiji Memorial Art Gallery 4. Tokyo University Komaba T. (400m ) & F. Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo Sep. 15 Oct. 21 0800— 1800 1.7 6 234 4,187 G round 5. Tokyo University of Education T. (300m ) & F. Nishihara, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo Sep. 15 Oct. 21 0800— 1800 2.4 7 42 619 G round (wom en) 6. Japan National Railway Ground T. (400m) & F. Kokubunji-machi, Kitatama-gun, Sep. 25 O ct. 20 0800— 1800 26.7 66 19 197 Tokyo

@ Koshu Kaido Road Marathon, walk — Sep. 15 Oct. 20 1000— 1500 —— 70 202 (D Circumference Course Around the W alk Kasumigaoka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo Sep. 15 Oct. 2 1000— 1200 4.4 11 11 39 Outer Garden of the Meiji Shrine 1300— 1500 .... ROWING 1. The Arakawa River Around the boader between Tokyo Sep. 15 O ct. 15 0800— 1800 28.6 61 and Saitama Prefecture Countries 29 2. Tokyo Broadcasting System Football Field 1 Toda-machi, Kitaadachi-gun Saitama Athletes 412 Sep. 15 Oct. 15 0800— 1800 25.9 56 G round Prefecture 3. Toda Secondary School Gymna­ for rainy wheather Toda-machi, Kitaadachi-gun Saitama Sep. 15 Oct. 15 0800— 1800 27.9 60 sium Prefecture Toda Rowing Course Toda-machi, Kitaadachi-gun Saitama Sep. 15 O ct. 10 0800— 1800 28.6 61 Prefecture

BASKET-BALL 1. Gakushuin University Gymnasium 1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo Sep. 15 O ct. 23 0900—2100 9.4 34 34 C ountries 16 2. Gymnasium of the Gakushuin 1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo Sep. 21 Oct. 18 0900—2100 9.4 34 15 University High School A thletes 190 3. Gymnasium of Girls’ Department 1 Toyama-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo Sep. 26 O ct. 18 0900—2100 7.7 29 18 Gakushuin University 4. Hozen High School Gymnasium 1 Nishiokubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo Oct. 1 Oct. 18 0900—2100 8.0 28 16 5. Kokumin Gymnasium 1 Kanda Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Sep. 15 O ct. 23 0900—2100 8.0 16 27 1 Tokyo (D National Gymnasium Annex 1 Kannami-cho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo Sep. 15 O ct. 10 0900—2100 — — 45 1 '

BOXING 1. Meiji University Izumi Gymna­ 15 Izumi-cho, Suginami-ku, Tokyo Sep. 15 Oct. 23 0900—2100 5.8 20 415 2,948 j sium C ountries 57 Athletes 276

CANOEING ® Lake Sagami Sagamiko-machi, Tsukui gun Kana- Sep. 15 Oct. 22 0800— 1700 C ountries 22 gawa Prefecture A thletes 167 M en 134 W omen 33

CYCLING 1. Tachikawa Velodrome Akebono-cho, Tachikawa City Sep. 25 Oct. 20 0800— 1800 Countries 40 (D Hachioji Velodrome Nagafusa-cho, Hachioji City Sep. 15 Oct. 15 0800— 1800 Athletes 323 (D Hachioji Road Race Course Hachioji City Sep. 15 O ct. 17 1000— 1500

FENCING 1. Rissho High School Gymnasium 8 Horinouchi, Suginami-ku, Tokyo Sep. 15 O ct. 23 0800— 1900 7.7 25 245 1970 (608) Countries 31 Athletes 270 M en 211 W omen 59

FOOTBALL 1. Tokyo University of Liberal Arts 1 Shimouma, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo Sep. 15 O ct. 22 0930— 1730 5.9 20 21 G round C ountries 14 2. Mitsubishi Ground 1 Hunabashi-machi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo A thletes 266 Sep. 15 Oct. 19 0930— 1730 11.7 40 19 3. Dai-Ichi Seimei Sogo-en Ground 1 Kyuden-cho, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo Sep. 16 Oct. 19 0930— 1730 12.0 40 22 4. Mitsui Kamitakaido Ground 1 Kamitakaido, Suginami-ku, Tokyo Sep. 21 O ct. 7 0930— 1730 9.3 33 5 5. Japan Long Term Credit Bank 1 Hanakoganei, Kodaira City Sep. 21 O ct. 9 0930— 1730 26.1 69 11 G round

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 196 197

Actual Usage (Cumulative) Period Available Distance Travelling Time Available Sport Field and Stadium Venue Available Site from Village Time Required From T o countries persons

6. Toyu C lub G round 1 Tamagawa-Oyama-cho, Setagaya-ku Sep. 22 Oct. 9 0930— 1730 12.3 39 12 Tokyo 7. Y aw ata Iron & Steel G round 1 Kokubunji-machi, Kitatama-gun Sep. 23 Oct. 9 0930— 1730 26.3 64 12 Tokyo 8. Kawaguchi Municipal Ground 1 Aoki-cho, Kawaguchi City Sep. 20 O ct. 9 0930— 1730 34.1 76 12 9. Koishikawa Football Ground 1 Koishikawa, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Sep. 15 O ct. 22 0930— 1730 9.5 24 12

GYMNASTICS Tokyo University of Education m en 1 Nishihara, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo Sep. 15 O ct. 23 0800—2100 2.4 7 46 286 (6) G ym nasium C ountries 34 Tokyo University of Agriculture m en 1 Setagaya, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo Sep. 26 O ct. 21 0800—2100 8.7 29 55 331 (4) A thletes 237 G ym nasium M en 142 New Gymnasium of Department m en 1 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo Sep. 26 O ct. 21 0800—2100 11.4 40 50 277 (2) W omen 95 of Humanity & Science, Nihon U niversity Shinjuku-ku Gymnasium men 1 Nishiokubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo Sep. 15 O ct. 23 0800—2100 7.2 24 56 232 (18) Showa Women’s University Gym­ wom en 1 Mishuku-machi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo Sep. 15 O ct. 23 0800—2100 4.5 17 54 8 (252) nasium Nihon Women’s College of Physi­ women 2 Matsubara-cho, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo Sep. 15 O ct. 23 0800—2100 6.2 22 76 22 (283) cal Culture Gymnasium Gymnasium of Kudan Women’s women 1 Fujimi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Oct. 2 O ct. 20 0800—2100 7.8 17 51 (233) High School, Wayo Women’s U niversity Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium wom en 1 Sendagaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo Sep. 16 O ct. 17 0800—2100 4.4 11 277 775 (532) m en 1

WEIGHT-LIFTING 1. Olympic Village Training Hall 16 Yoyogi Olympic Village Sep. 15 O ct. 18 0800—2000 C ountries 42 A thletes 153

H O C K E Y 1. Fuji Bank Ground 1 Florinouchi, Suginami-ku, Tokyo Sep. 21 O ct. 20 0900— 1700 6.9 23 44 Countries 15 2. Mitsubishi Bank Ground 1 Floya-machi, Kitatamagun, Tokyo Sep. 15 O ct. 19 0900— 1700 19.5 52 26 Contestants 263 3. Nissan Kosei-en 1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka City Sep. 15 O ct. 23 0900— 1700 14.4 42 26 4. Flonshu Seishi Ground 1 Kamitakaido, Suginami-ku, Tokyo Sep. 18 O ct. 20 0900— 1700 11.4 37 29

JU D O 1. K odokan hall 5 Kasuga-cho, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Sep. 16 O ct. 23 1000— 1900 9.8 21 124 474 Countries 27 2. Tokyo University of Education 1 Nishihara, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo Oct. 10 O ct. 22 1000— 1900 2.4 7 2 9 Ju d o H all Athletes 74

WRESTLING 1. Nihon University of Physical Cul­ Fukazawa-cho, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo Sep. 15 O ct. 20 0900—2000 8.8 31 211 1592 ture Gymnasium Countries 42 2. Tokyo University of Liberal Arts Shimouma, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo Sep. 25 O ct. 23 0900—2000 5.9 20 84 830 Athletes 277 G ym nasium 3. New Gymnasium of Department Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo Oct. 1 O ct. 20 0900—2000 11.4 40 45 322 of Humanity & Science, Nihon ® U niversity Fukazawa-cho, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo Oct. 1 O ct. 9 0900—2000 9.1 32 25 322 Komazawa Gymnasium

S W IM M IN G & 1. Olympic Village Swimming Pool 25m Pool 2 Yoyogi Olympic Village Sep. 15 O ct. 18 0600— 1800 — — 3 32 DIVING 2. Training Swimming Pool attached 50m Pool 1 Kannami-cho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo Sep. 15 Nov. 5 0600—2300 — — 320 2862 (1703) to National Gymnasium Countries 43 3. Tokyo University Hongo Swim­ 25m Pool 1 Motofuji, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo O ct. 18 0900— 1800 10.6 28 1 14 (18) 506 Oct. 1 Contestants m ing Pool M en 304 ® National Gymnasium Main Swim­ 50m Pool 1 Kannami-cho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo Sep. 15 O ct. 10 0600—2300 - — 388 3246 (736) W omen 202 m ing Pool ® Metropolitan Indoor Swimming Diving. 50m Sendagaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo Sep. 15 O ct. 10 0600—2300 4.4 11 4 28 (4) Pool

MODERN 1. Waseda University Higashifushimi Equestrian sport Hoya-machi, Kitatama-gun, Tokyo Sep. 15 O ct. 10 0900— 1700 17.5 48 65 208 G round PENTATHLON 2. Kokugakuin University Gymna­ Fencing Wakagi-cho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo Sep. 15 O ct. 10 0900— 1700 3.8 14 108 369 C ountries 15 sium A thletes 47 ® Asaka Shooting Range Shooting Asaka-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Sep. 15 O ct. 10 0900— 1800 24.8 53 117 375 Saitama Prefecture 4. Swimming Pool of Buzan High Swim m ing School, Nihon University Sep. 15 O ct. 10 0900— 1800 10.4 37 138 456

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 198 199

Period Available Actual Usage (Cumulative) D istance Travelling Field and Stadium Venue Available Site Time Available from Village Time Required I» From To countries persons EQUESTRIAN 1. Kinuta Ryokuchi Baseball Field Jumping Tamagawa Seta-machi, Setagaya-ku. Sep. 15 O ct. 23 0600— 1800 11.6 36 121 689 SPORTS Tokyo C ountries 20 ® Equestrian Park Dressage Tamagawa Yoga-machi, Setagaya-ku. Sep. 15 O ct. 23 0800— 1700 9.1 30 342 1954 Tokyo Athletes 133 3. Karuizawa Municipal Ground Jumping M en 118 Karuizawa-machi, Kitasaku-gun, Sep. 15 O ct. 15 0600— 1800 —— —— Nagano Prefecture W omen 15 3) Karuizawa Equestrian Field Dressage Karuizawa-machi, Kitasaku-gun, Sep. 15 Oct. 15 0600— 1800 — —— — Endurance Test Nagano Prefecture

SHOOTING (D Asaka Shooting Range Rifle Asaka-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Sep. 15 O ct. 19 0900— 1800 24.8 53 457 2135 Saitama Prefecture Countries 51 Sep. 15 O ct. 14 0900— 1800 32.1 68 274 475 (2) Tokorozawa Clay Shooting Range Clay Athletes 273 Tokorozawa City, Saitama Prefecture

VOLLEY-BALL Komaba High School Gymnasium 1 Kamimeguro, Meguro-ku, Tokyo Sep. 25 O ct. 23 0800—2000 3.2 15 9 ( 5) Countries 11 Gymnasium of Komaba High 1 Ikejiri-cho, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo Sep. 25 O ct. 23 0800—2000 3.7 17 12 (24) Athletes 189 School, Tokyo University of Edu­ cation M en 118 New Gymnasium of Nihon Uni­ 2 Fukazawa-cho, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo Sep. 15 O ct. 23 0800—2000 8.8 31 26 (16) W omen 71 versity of Physical Culture K om azaw a University Gymna- 2 Fukazawa-cho, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo Sep. 15 Oct. 23 0800—2000 7.4 27 29 (13) siurn Mitsukoshi Kenkohoken K um iai 1 Fukazawa-cho, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo Sep. 15 Oct. 23 0800—2000 7.9 28 7 ( 9) Gym nasium

Gymnasium of Sakuragaoka High 2 Kaniikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo Sep. 20 O ct. 9 0800—2000 11.4 40 14 ( 1) School Nihon University

Yasuda Kenkohoken Kuniiai 1 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo Sep. 15 O ct. 23 0800—2000 11.0 38 23 (13) Gym nasium

Komazawa Volley-ball Court 1 Fukazawa-cho, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo Sep. 15 Oct. 10 0800—2000 9.1 32 26 (25) Yokohama Cultural Gymnasium 1 Okina-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama City Oct. 6 O ct. 11 0800—2000 34.5 94 20 (13)

WATER-POLO Meiji Jingu Swimming Pool 50 m Kasumigaoka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo Sep. 15 O ct. 18 0700—2300 4.4 11 1 13 C ountries Metropolitan Indoor Swimming 50 m Sendagaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo Sep. 15 O ct. 10 0600—2300 4.4 11 Pool Athletes 144 Tokyo University Hongo Swim­ 25: Motofuji, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Oct. 1 O ct. 18 0900— 1800 10.6 28 m ing Pool

Sagam i Bay YACHTING D ragon Fujisawa City, Kanagawa Prefecture Sep. 15 O ct. 11 0600— 1900 C ountries Finn F. D. Athletes M en W omen

[( ) — women]

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 200 201

Use of training grounds

Athletics Participating Countries Athletes 1,084 (men 833 women 251)

m onth 9 10 Training ground day Total 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 ; 12 13 14 « 11 15 , 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 country Olympic Village Ground 1 1 1 3 persons 12 22 12 36 Tokyo Metropolitan country 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 5 8 8 6 5 2 8 3 6 72 Gymnasium Ground persons 4 6 4 4 4 8 8 39 1^5 57 15 30 66 77 51 31 19 31 41 41 551 country Picture Gallery Ground 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3| 3 6 4 4 4 6 3 2 4 46 persons 14 10 10 10 10 10 10 28 24 96 30 47 46 28 7 7 18 405 Tokyo University Ground. country 2 1 1 3 3 5 5 13 7 18 18 26 17 29 8 15 11 21 11 6 5 3 2 2 2 234 Gymnasium persons 14 10 10 22 38 77 121 256 130 393 388 401 405 530 123 269 334 134 118 94 72 46 54 64 54 4,157 Kyoiku University Ground, country 1 2 1 8 2 4 3 3 4 2 4 7 1 42 (old gymnasium) persons 14 17 20 91 20 30 42 29 19 30 30 272 5 619 Japan National Railways country 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 3 3 2 19 G round persons 14 14 2 42 4 10 20 40 47 4 197 country 1 1 1 1 1 1 Koshu Highway 1 1 1 1 2 11 2 3 8 4 13 15 1 1 70 I persons 4 4 3 2 2 2 1 3 4 2 5 30 3 7 30 9 42 46 1 2 202 Meiji Shrine Outer country 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 11 Garden Course persons 2 4 2 1 8 2 20 39 country 1 1 Total 1 2 1 1 4 8 7 3 5 8 7 12 16 19 34 33 38 47 32 49 10 43 38 42 12 6, 7 3 2 3 2| 497 persons 1 3 2 4 2 4 34 45 40 18 32 56 58 158 197 338 362 490 540 592 535 627 142 399 498 513, 123 94 76 46 54 66 54: 6,206

Basket-Ball Participating Countries 16 Athletes 190

9 m onth 10 Training ground day Total 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 9 10 11 12 13 , 14 I 15 I 16 I 17 18 , 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 1 , 1 Gakushuin University Gymnasium ' country ^ 1 111112 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 34 Gymnasium of Gakushuin country Boys High School 2' f 1 2 2 1 15 Gymnasium of Gakushuin country Girls High School 1 2 3 1 1 2 2; 2 3 1 18 Hozen High School country Gymnasium 3 2 1 2 1 3 16 National Gymnasium at country 1 1 K anda 1 1 2 3 2 3 4 1 2 27 National Gymnasium Annex country 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 4 5 4 45

Total 1 ! 1 1: 1 : r 1 2 i| 3' 4, 7! 6 s! 6 11 12! 14 15 1 4 4 10 1 1 1 155

Boxing Participating Countries 57 Athletes 276

9 m onth 10 Training ground day Total 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 5 7 9 10 11 ! 12 13 14 15 16 I 17 ; 18 19 ' 20 ' 21 22 i 23 24

Izumi Gymnasium of Meiji country I| I, 5 5I 5j 6 12 14 15^ 23 32; 27j 33 33 37 39 39 5| 14 9 13' 12 13' 3 415 University 5| persons 2' 2 55 41' 65' 48 66 101 105 130 156 210! 194 ' 220 229 264 250 268 35 109 69 96 82 71 35 17, 2,948

Fencing Participating Countries 31 Athletes 270 (men 211 women 59)

10 Training ground I Total ‘ 5 s 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 i 3 4 5 i 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ' 17 18 19 20 1 21 22 ; 23 24

Rissho High School country 1 4 4 4 2 3 5 5 8 10 11 7 13 18 20 26 28 6 22 18 9 7 7 6 1 ' 245 Gymnasium men 7 28 30 27 11 21 39 34 74 95 107| 113 171 157 187 199 159 47 139 120 83 29 65 20 8 1,970 c women 4 16 16 16 5 10 21 15 28 27; 37 26 51 52 45 52 58 13 45 40 26 5 ' 608 Q. total 11 44 46 43 16 31 60 49 102 122 144 139 222 209 232 251 217; 60 184 160 109 29 70 20 8 2,578

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library ï ‘t*' t t ^ j '

202 203 g; .y:

Football Participating Countries 14 Athletes 266 l i a 10 m onth 9 Training ground 1 Total II- day 1 1 1 ||ïî ' - ■ ' 15 16 17 18 19 i 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 b 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1617 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

r " Gakugei University Ground country 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 21 p > ' • Mitsubishi Ground in country 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 19 Xî! ' ’ Funabashi Sogo Garden of Daiichi country 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 22 |ii. r-' Life Insurance Co. Mitsui Ground in country 1 1 1 Kamitakaido Chogin Ground country 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 11

Toyu Club Ground country 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 12 Ground of Yawata Iron & country 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 12 Steel Co. Kawaguchi Municipal country 2 1 2 1 2 2 12 G round Koishikawa Ground country 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 12

Total 4 7 10 9 10 12 13 1 1 126

Gymnastics Participating Countries 34 Athletes 237 (men 142 women 95)

10 m onth Total Training ground day 15 i 16 17 I 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 10 : 11 i 12 : 13 14 i 15 16 ; 17 18 ; 19 ; 20 21 22 23 24

New Gymnasium of country 1' 1 1 3 1 8 4| 4| 1 4 4 4 4 47 Kyoiku University -u men 7 7 6 22 13 31 33' 22 26 7 26' 24 26 28 286 3 3 6

total 10 10 6 22 13 31 33 22 26 7 26 24 26 292 Ground of University country 4 3 4 3 6 2 3 6 2 4 6 3 55 of Agriculture men 28 22' 29 21 46 19 10 29 20 27, 18 15 331 ; women 4 i ^ I total 15 20 28 22 29 21 46 19 10 29 20 27 18 15 335

New Gymnasium of Nihon country 2 2 4 2 3 5 3 3 1 7 3 6 2 4 50 University men 5 13 26 14 27 35 19 12 2 17 19 32 13 27 277 women 2

total 5 13 26 14 27 35 19 12 2 17 19 32 13 27 279

Shinjuku Gymnasium country 1 1 4 7 2 5 4 3 4 3 9 4 2 56 « men 7 7 12 18 15 21 21 5 20 20 27 18 5' 232 18 A women 3 j total 10 7 12 18 15 21 21 5 20 20 27 18 15 250 Ground of Showa Women’s country 2 2 2 4 4 2 3 5 4 1 4 2 6 3 3 2 54 College m en 7 8

11 19 8 12 15 10 11 252 -g women 10 5 5 23 13 15 19 31 7 31 j total ' 17 5 5 23 13 15 19 31 11 7 19 8 31 12 15 10 11 260 Gymnasium of Nihon country I 1 2 5 4 5 3 3 1 10 5 8 6 4 1 76 Women’s Athletic 22 Junior College ÿ j ; 7 3 women 3 4 15 6 12 20 24 10 8 4 42 22 43 19 15 12 2 283 S total 10 7 15 6 12 20 24 10 8 4 42 22 43 19 15 12 2 305

Ground of Wayo Kudan country 2 3 4 2 3 5 4 3 1 2 4 5 4 2 2 1 51 Girls High School n \ men

OJ 6 6 21 24 13, 14 4 7 233 3 women 15 21 17 31 13 7 4 13 total 6 15 6 21 17 31 13 21 7 4 13 24 13 14 4 7 233 277 Tokyo Metropolitan country 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 6 5 6 2 7 9 22 17 18 17 17 14 23 12 14 35 33 5 Gymnasium 775 g : men 7 7| 7 7; 7 7 7 10 10 10 10^ 11 7 21 24 27 69 47 61 33 39 76 21 79 29 139

8 21 15 27 22 35 14 93 15 35 532 H ! women 7 7 7 1 7 7i 7 7 11 7, 111 8 15 5 21 29 23 15 42 1,307 total 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 17 21 1?‘ 21 19 22 26 8 45 48 98 70 76 75 15 66 98 56 93 122 154 35 666 country 1: li 1 1 2 2 3 4| 4 5^ 10 13 14 26 37 40 40 38 48 46 10 46 46 46 39 50 48 16 3 7! 7 167 23 14 1,931 Total men 7 10 10 17' 20 16 15' 24 24 27 69 105 120 146 130 150 69 34 131 142 133 134 115 1,330 women 1 1 7 7 11 11 10 14 10 19 26 22 25 53 70 87 65 73 90 89 14 72 86 90 58 93 59 61 14 6 20 3,261 total 14 14 14 21 21 21 34 26 34 50 46 52 122 175 207 211 203 240 158 48 203 228 223 192 208 84 14 20 20

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 204 205

Weight-Lifting Participating Countries 42 Athletes 159

m onth 9 10 Training ground Total day 15 ! 16 i 17 18 19 23 1 1 20 i 21 ’ 22 24 ’ 25 26 27 ! 28 I 29 30 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Olympic Village countries 1 j 24 26: 20 29 30^ 31. 31j 39 32 31 35| 29 30 28 20 13 9 457 Practice Ground athletes ' ' ^ ^ ! 77 101 74 lOl' 113, 135' 123 150 123 130 141 111 115 105| 73 57 45 1,774

Hockey Participating Countries 15 Athletes 263 m onth 9 Training ground 10 to ta l day 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 ' 21 22 23 24 Fuji Bank Ground countries 1 1 3 3 2 4 1 li 4 3 3 2 2 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 44 Mitsubishi Bank Ground countries 1 3 2' 2 2: 5 3 3 3 2 26 Kosei-En Garden of Nissan countries 1 1 1 4 2 4 3 1 1 26 Ground of Honshu 2 4' 2 countries Paper Mfg. Co. 1 1 2 4 3 1 3 5 3 4 1 1 ' 29 Total 1 1 1 4 4 4 5 ' 6 3, 12 11 12, 12 14 13 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1' 1 125 1 1

Judo Participating Countries 27 Athletes 74 m onth 10 Total day 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Kodokan countries 1 3 2 3 5' 7 5| 10 8 2 10 10 8 9 10 8 10 4 6 1 1 1 124 athletes 4 10 6 15 18 17 12 35 23 8 44 32 36 41 47 30 43 20 19 4 5 5 474 Judo Hall of Kyoiku countries 1 1 University 2 athletes 6 3 9 countries Total 1 3 2' 3 5 7 6 10 8 3 10 10 8 9 : 10 8 10 4 6 1 1 1 126 athletes 4 10 6 15 18 17 18 35 23 11 44 32 36 41 47 30 43 20 19 5 5 483

W restling Participating Countries 42 Athletes 277

m onth 10 1 Total day 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 23 24 25 26 21 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Nihon Athletic University’s countries 2 1 4' 4 5 5 6 7 7 8 11 10 8 15 15 17 20 22j 8 11 6 10 9 211 new Gymnasium athletes 19 4 20 39 41 32 51 37 43 78 132 112 80 165 91 148 92 134 53 62 36 58 65 1,592 Gymnasium of Gakugei countries 1 1 3 2 4 6 3 3 3 6 5 7 8 8 11 3 3 3 3 1 84 University : athletes 11 13 22 23 33 60 22 25 46 53 55 115 74 81 91 31 27 23 23 2 830 New Gymnasium of Nihon 1 countries ' 1 2 5 7 2 5, 12 6 3 1 45 University athletes ) 8 10 11 45 23 13 38 100 46 18 10 322 1 Komazawa Gymnasium 1 1 1 1 countries 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 4 25 19 19 4 19 28 athletes 19 19 28, 19 19 19 19 13 6 26 25 21 322 countries 1 1 1 1 3 2 7, 7 7 9 9 12 13 Total 1 12 16 18 21 31 24 30 40 39 11 17 10 13 10 365 IIP 19 athletes 1919 19 23 23 5b 71 71 82 93 89 103 113 173 195 203 264 219 260 273 271 84 107 69 81 67 3,066

m

vm.

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 206 207

Swimming & Diving Participating Countries 43 Athletes 506 (men 304 women 202)

m onth 9 10 Training ground 1 day 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 , 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Olympic Village Pool countries ' I 2 3 c/3 m en 9 (Ü i 23 32 women 2 total 9 23 32 1 Practicing Pool of National countries 1 1 2 1 4 3 6 6 9 12 15 17 19 21 26 29 32 35 39 42 320 Stadium men 2 2 6 4 20 34 48 84 70 80 106 214 172 258 233 245 241 343 318 382 2,862 women i 2 2 5 3 13 30 27 34 52 88 75 143 128 143 141 159 164 151 152 191 1,703 "c5 total 4 4 11 3 33 64 76 118 122 168 181 357 300 401 374 404 405 494 470 573 4,565 Tokyo University Pool countries 1 1 V men 14 14 Z women s 18 18 total 32 32 National Stadium Swimming countries 3 3 4 7 8 9 8 10 17 17 18 22 25 26 31 33 37 38 42 358 Pool V men 10 12 13 43 68 55 89 111 143 187 206 214 282 249 484 267 312 330 371 3,246 Z 5 6 8 27 29 20 35 2 women 49 67 127 130 156 127 128 157 155 138 173 199 1,736 « total 1 15 18 21 70 97 75 124 160 210 314 336 370 409 377 441 422 450 503 570 4,982 Tokyo Metropolitan countries 2 2 4 Gymnasium Pool D men 14 14 28 1 women ' 2 2 4 total 16 16 32

countries 1 1 2 1 5 5 4 11 11 15 14 20 29 32 37 42 46 52 60 65 72 77 84 686 « men 2 2 6 4 24 26 13 63 102 103 173 190 223 293 443 400 540 482 529 508 655 648 753 6,182 Total Z women 2 2 5 3 7 8 8 40 59 47 69 101 155 202 273 302 270 269 316 319 289 325 390 3,461 total 4 4 11 7 31 34 21 103 161 150 242 291 378 495 716 702 810 751 845 827 944 973 1,143 9,643

Modern Pentathlon Participating Countries 15 Athletes 47

m onth 9 10 Training ground day 15 16 17 18 19 2021 22 23 24 25 26 j 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

countries 3 3 1 2' 7 4 4 3 3 5 4 7 6 6 7 65 Waseda University Ground athletes 9 10 5 9 24 10 10 12 9 17 16 19 24 15 19 208 Kokugakuin University countries 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 6 9 9 9 9 13 13' 12 12 108 Gymnasium athletes 4 8 9 10 14 12 11 18 29 34 30 33 43 40 39 35 369 I 1 1 4 2 ? 2, 3 7 Asaka Shooting Range 6 9 9 9 11 12 13 12 13 117 athletes 4 4 1 14 6 10 10 7 23 18 29 33 27 41 36 40 39 33 375 Pool of Nihon University’s countries 1 1 1 2 3 3 2 3 5 6 8 9 12 9 13 15 15 15 15 138 Buzan High School 4 athletes 4 4 8 9 13 10 7 19 15 26 30 42 27 46 49 51 48 44 456 countries 1 1 2 1 7 9 10 7 10 18 20 1 Total 24 30 33 32 37 47 47 45 47 I j 428 athletes | 4 8 4 22 31 38 35 40 62 59 136 147 155 141 131 1,408 72 100 118 101 1 ^

Equestrian Sports Participating Countries 20 Athletes 133 (m en 118 women 15)

m onth 9 10 Training ground 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 day 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Î 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 countries 1 Kinuta Ground 2 1 2 2 5 9 9 9 5 7 5 5 7 5 5 7 5 5 7 5 5 121 athletes 11 3 11 15 15 48 56 65 65 63 39 41 37 45 41 26 27 25 21 11 10 7 7 689 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 countries 3 3 3 6 8 10 11 12 12 9 12 12 10 10 13 14 16 16 14 15 16 14 17 16 14 10 10 342 Equestrian Park 24 27 27 20 27 18 18 18 28 28 34 30 athletes 27 53 48 82 63 78 79 44 86 97 87 68 94 109 113 103 105 75 65 68 41 26 13 17 19 1,959 countries 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 7 Total 8 12 12 14 14 14 20 21 19 19 18 21 21 21 21 20 21 21 22 21 21 15 15 463 24 27 27 20 27 18 18 18 28 28 34 30 64 athletes 27 48 85 74 93 94 92 142 162 152 131 133 150 150 148 146 101 92 93 62 37 23i 24 26 2,648

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 208 2 0 9

Shooting Participating Countries 51 Athletes 273

m onth 9 10 Training ground Total day 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 countries 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 9 Asaka Shooting Range 1 13 19 24 30 34 35 36 41 42 35 33 36 43 467 athletes lb16lb 18 18 22 25 22 22 53 42 57 78 111 138 151 154 159 160 180 186 195 131 165 2,135 Tokorozawa Clay Shooting countries 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 7 10 13 14 15 15 25 29 32 24 23 21 23 Range i 274 athletes 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 7 15 19 25 27 28 30 45 50 37 42 40 36 38 475 countries 3 3 3 5 5 6 6 6 6 13 Total 13 20 29 37 44 49 50 61 70 74 59 56 57 66 ! ' 741 athletes 18 18 18 22 22 26 29 26 26 59 49 72 97 136 165 179 184 204 210 217 228 235 167 203 1 2,610 W ater-Polo Participating Countries 13 Athletes 144

m onth 9 10 Training ground Total day 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 ^ i Jingu Swimming Pool countries 1 1 3 4 4 5 6 4| 4I 4' 4 4 46 Metropolitan Indoor 1 Swimming Pool countries 1 2 3 4 5 4 5 5 6 5 7 7 7i 9 9 9 9| 6 13 13 13 142 Tokyo University’s Pool countries ( i Total 1 3 3 4 5 4 6 8 10 9 12 13 13 13 13' 13 13 6 13 13 13 188

Volley-Ball Participating Countries 16 Athletes 189 (men 118 women 71)

m onth 9 10 Training ground Total day 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 9 Komaba High School 1 Gymnasium s 2 1 1 5 « ; total 1 1 I 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 14 « men u 1 1 2 1 2 1 12 Gymnasium of Kyoiku-Dai ^ ' women Komaba High School £ 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 24 I total 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 36 men 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 26 Nihon Athletic University’s new Gymnasium 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 16 I total 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 42 men 3 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 2 1 Komazawa University’s 29 women Gymnasium 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 13 total 1 1 1 3 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 3 1 3 1 1 2 1 42 men 1 1 2 1 1 7 Gymnasium of Mitsukoshi women Department Store 1 1 1 1 1 9 total 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 16 men I 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 Gymnasium of Nichi-Dai 14 women Sakuragaoka High School 1 total 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 15 men 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 23 Yasuda Gymnasium women 1 1 4 2 1 12 total 1 2 2 1 5 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 35 men 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 Komazawa Volleyball 1 1 26 women 1 1 Court 1 1 2 3 3 1 1 25 total 2 1 4 2 3 4 4 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 51 men 3 5 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 20 Yokohama Cultural women Gymnasium 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 13 total 4 5 2 3' 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1^ 1 33 men 3 5 6 8 7 7 10 9 9 10| 1 11 5 2 6 10 5 5 3 9 1 2 6 3 166 Total women 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 5 3 7 5 4 7 7 1 4 2 4 2 4 4 7 7 3 5 3 2 1 118 total 1Î 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 8 9 13 10 14 15 13 16 17 2 15 7 6 8 14 9 12 10 12 6 5 8 4 284

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library l i

210 211

National Entries

S ports Sports

c bn V c _0 15 M) c pH 13 "Ô CQ 3 •2 bn CÛ bn O •S W) bD .£ c pH g M) c CC s .£ .5 1) .s c 3 4) V VSh .s 0 'o s Ü 0 V a o S Ï 'x c 'o c o s Sm n 3 o 3 Ü D ate o Date o 0 «! o 0 5 ‘Î o cr j: *0 « C ountry received 0Î o C o u n try received < M M Ü plH Ü w S: c/3 s c/3 > S: >

Afghanistan 8/11 o Lebanon 8/16 o o A lgeria 8/28 o Liberia 8/15 o A rgentina 8/13 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Libya 8/12 o A ustralia 8/11 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 Liechtenstein 6/22 o A ustria 8/ 4 o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 Luxemburg 8/11 o o o o o o o Baham as 8/13 o o Madagascar 8/13 o Barbados 8/ 4 o Malaysia 8/11 o o o o o o o o o o Belgium 8/13 o o o o o o o o o o o o o Mali 8/12 o Berm uda 8/11 o Mexico 8/13 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Bolivia 6/26 o o Monaco 8/14 o Brazil 8/13 o o o o o o o o o o o Mongolia 8/12 o o o o o British Guiana 8/14 o Morocco 8/11 o o o o Bulgaria 8/29 o o o o o o o o o o Nepal 7/12 o o Burm a 8/12 o o o o o Netherlands 7/21 o o o o o o o o o o o o C am bodia 8/12 , o o o Neth. Antilles 8/27 o o Cam eroons 7/30 o New Zealand 8/11 o o o o o o o o o o o C anada 8/13 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 Niger 7/11 o Ceylon 8/14 o o o o Nigeria 8/27 o o C had 6/19 o North Rhodesia 8/12 o o o o o o C hile 8/15 o o o o o o Norway 8/ 4 o o o o o o Colombia 8/28 o o o o o Pakistan 7/13 o o o o o o o Congo 9/10 o Panama 8/21 o o o o o o C osta R ica 8/14 o Peru 8/11 o o o o o C uba 8/ 7 o o o o o o Philippines 8/14 o o o o o o o o o o Czechoslovakia 8/12 o o o o o o o o o o o o o Poland 8/11 o o o o o o o o o o o o D enm ark 8/12 o o o o o o o o o Portugal 8/12 o o o o o o o Dominican Republic 8/14 o Puerto Rico 8/10 o o o o o o o Ecuador 6/29 o o o o o Rhodesia 8/11 o o o o o o E thiopia 8/11 o o o Rumania 8/16 o o o o o o o o o o o o o Finland 8/11 o o o o o o o o o o o o Senegal 6/19 o France 8/11 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Spain 8/12 o o o o o o o o o G erm any 8/16 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Sweden 8/12 o o o o o o o o o o o o G hana 8/11 o o o Switzerland 8/ 6 o o o o o o 0 o o o o o o Great Britain 8/11 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Taiwan 8/10 o o o o o o o Greece 8/17 o o o o Tanganyika 8/16 o H ong K ong 8/ 8 o o o o o o o Thailand 8/13 o o o o o o o o H ungary 7/27 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Trinidad & Tobago 8/17 o o o Iceland 8/13 o o Tunisia 8/14 o o o India 8/13 o o o o o o o o o Turkey 8/11 o o o o Iran 8/14 o o o o o o o o o o U. A. R. 8/ 3 o o o o o o o o o Iraq 8/ 3 o o o Uganda 8/11 o o Ireland 8/11 o o o o o o o Uruguay 3/12 o o o o Israel 8/12 o o o U. S. A. 3/11 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Italy 7/28 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o U. S. S. R. 7/27 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Ivory Coast 7/ 2 o o Venezuela 3/14 o o o o o Jam aica 8/12 o o o o Viet Nam 3/12 o o o o o Jap an 8/14 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Yugoslavia 3/11 o 0 o o o o o o o K enya 8/11 o o o o o Total 82 29 16 57 22 40 31 14 34 42 15 27 42 43 15 20 51 11 13 40 K orea 8/13 o o p o o o o o o o o o o o o o Note : Barbados and Equador submitted national entry forms but did not send participants.

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Vu 212 213

Numbers of competitors by sports by country for the Tokyo Games

C ountry Athletics Rowing , Boxing I Canoeing Cycling G ym nas­ W eight- Fencing F oo tb all tics Lifting Swimming Modern Equestrian Volley- Water- Hockey Judo Wrestling & Diving Pentathlon Sports Shooting Ball Polo Yachting Total Afghanistan 8 8 / 8 A lgeria 1 / 1 / 1 A rgentina 2 ,/6 13 10 10 1 0 / 7 19 1 / 3 4 6 / 7 9 / 8 6 / 2 1 0 3 /7 5 113 A ustralia 24/12 23 12 10 8 / 5 14 1 3 / 5 6 / 5 17 4 8 1 9 / 7 5 4 7 / 7 8 11 1 4 / 2 1 4 /4 5 257 A ustria 5 / 3 7 3 4 / 7 6 / 3 4 5 / 5 (3) 3 4 6 /1 1 57 Baham as 3y' 3 / 9 / 1 2 / 12 Belgium 10 ' 2 / 10 2 / 16 3 1 Berm uda 2 / 11 1 / 6 1 / 7 62 6 Bolivia 1 / 6 / 6 / 3 / 3 Brazil 12 20 1 1 1 0 / 6 8 / 7 British Guiana 4 / 1 / 11 5 / 69 1 / 1 B ulgaria 7 /4 2 / 7 7 / 2 16 5 1 2 / 6 5 / 7 72 Burm a 2 / / 2 2 C am bodia 1 / 1 1 / 11 Cam eroons 4 / 1 1 / 17 C anada 1 / 1 î,f<; 16 12 6 / 2 / 7 17 1 4 5/10 6 1 2 / 1 0 1 /2 5 121 I l'■>►■' Ceylon 2 C had 2 9 / 7 10 2 / 2 Chile 3 / (1) 2 / 3 1 5 / 15 Colombia 6 / Congo 2 / 2 2 2 / 22 C osta R ica 2 / 2 2 2 / 2 C uba 2/1 10 6 1 / / 6 / 2 6 / 2 28 Czechoslovakia 10/2 21 5 3 / 7 9 17 7 / 7 4 3 / 4 1 2 / 1 / 9 8 / 7 5 108 D enm ark 2/2 16 4 5 / 2 13 3 2 / 5 2 5 9 / 7 66 Dominican Republic 1 / 1 2 / 1 / 1 E thiopia 5 / 3 F inland 15/^z’ 7 12 5 3 / 7 / 2 1 2 / 12 10 6 / 7 4 8 France 5 5 /8 23 6 2 / 16 1 5 / 5 3 / 4 6 / 8 7 / 5 92 4 4 8 / 5 7 /1 4 1 3 1 /2 7 G erm any 72/31 32 10 1 0 / 4 14 1 6 / 5 20 7 / 7 4 / 152 18 4 14 2 9 / 2 4 4 1 1 / 10 11 15/ 304/77 375 G hana 1 1 / 5 7 2 1 ( 1) Great Britain 4 9 , / / 9 5 / 7 13 9 / 5 2 / 2 3 8 / 5 41 18 4 6 1 3 /7 5 4 8 Greece 6 / 8 / 7 1 2 / 1 6 9 /4 5 215 5 4 Flong K ong 4 / 2 4 5 / 2 0 / 20 17 2 / 7 5 3 9 / 7 Ffungary 20/11 12 5 1 2 / 5 7 1 5 / 5 19 6 / 7 5 / 40 10 1 2 / 5 4 8 Iceland 2 / 1 2 / 11 1 / 1 6 1 /3 4 195 1 / 7 3 / 7 India 1 2 /1 2 5 6 / 4 18 8 2 / 3 5 9 / 7 60 Iran 5 / 4 5 4 4 / 17 1 / 7 12 4 Iraq 8 / 2 2 / 5 9 / 5 64 Ireland 0/1 5 2 / 1 7 / 17 1 2 Israel 3 / 2 4 / 7 5 / 2 5 / 2 27 2 / 3 8 / 2 10 Italy 25/1 21 12 10 5 / 15 1 5 / 5 7 / 2 3 5 1 6 / 5 1 5 Ivory Coast 6 / 3 8 / 12(1) 1 3 / 1 7 2 /7 2 184 Jam aica 1 1 / 4 2 9 / 9 1 1 7 / 4 21 Jap an 51 /I 6 26 12 9 1 0 / 2 15 1 1 / 4 19 7 / 7 7 3 / 18 4 16 3 0 / 7 5 4 10/7 10 12/72 11 2 9 4 /5 5 354 K enya 1 1 / 5 1 2 / 18 4 4 0 / 40 K orea 11 /7 12 12 4 / 7 20 7 / 5 7 2 / 4 12 4 / 5 1 7 / 10 1 2 /7 2 1 3 7 /2 5 163 Lebanon 4 / Liberia 1 / 2 6 / 6 Libya 1 / 1 / 1 Liechtenstein 2 / 1 / 1 2 / 2 L uxem burg 3 / 2 / 1 0 / 2 12 M adagascar 3 / 1 1 / I 3 / 3

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 214 215

Swim m ing M odern E questrian V olley­ W ater- Basket- Gym nas­ Weight- Hockey Judo W restling Shooting Y achting T otal Country Athletics Row ing Ball Boxing Canoeing Cycling Fencing Football tics Lifting & Diving Pentathlon Sports ball Polo

M alaysia 1 1 /1 2 9 1 / 6 18 2 2 4 / 3 7 6 2 / 4 66 M ali 2 / 2 / 2 1 3 / M exico 4 / 7 4 10 5 9 18 1 2 4 1 1 /3 4 9 / 1 5 1 0 0 /5 105 M onaco 1 1./ 1 M ongolia \/2 4 1 / 2 8 3 1 7 /4 21 M orocco 4 / 2 18 2 2 6 / 26 Nepal 2 / 4 6 / 6 Netherlands 3 / 5 21 4 6 / 13 18 4 1 1 /7 5 1 1 2 / 11 9 / 1 1 3 /2 0 133 4 Neth. Antilles 1 / 3 4/ New Zealand 1 0 /4 17 2 5 / 5 1 18 2 1 / 7 4 / 5 / 65/S 73 N iger 1 1.,/ 1 N igeria 1 2 / 2 4 1 6 /2 18 North Rhodesia 5 / 1 2 /I 2 2 / 1 2 /7 13 N orw ay 4 / 2 6 2 / 1 3 12 2 8 ,/2 30 Pakistan 1 / 4 5 1 18 6 5 4 6 / 46 Panam a /5 1 2 / 7 1 1 3 8 / 5 14 Peru 3 / 12 1 5 / 7 9 3 0 /7 31 Philippines 5 / 7 6 4 2 / 2 1 4 4 2 / 11 6 / 4 5 / 9 54 Poland 2 9 / 7 12 12 10 1/3 8 1 5 / 7 / 7 7 5 6 / 7 2 118 /2 9 147 Portugal 3 / / 7 1 3 / 2 / 4 6 / 1 9 /7 20 3 / 2 4 3 1 / 2 33 Puerto Rico f i / 12 1 4 1 / Rhodesia 3 / 1 16 1 / 4 2 4/1 2 7 / 5 32 R um ania 1 2 / 5 8 9 1 2 / 5 6 8 / 5 20 7 / 7 3 11 10 1 2 /7 7 11 129,/54 163 Senegal 1 2 / 1 2 / 12 Spain 6 / 4 8 18 1 9 / 5 4 / 7 2 / 5 9 / 5 62 Sweden 1 7 / 2 8 / 2 6 5 / 2 3 / 5 3 9 1 1 /5 4 3 / 6 1 4 /' 8 9 /2 0 109 Switzerland 1 3 ,/ 8 2 5 5 / 7 / 1 1 3 2 / 6 / 7 8 9 / 70 / 7 71 T aiw an 4 / 2 7 5 6 / 2 7 4 6 3 9 / 4 43 T anganyika 4 / 4 / 4 T hailand 1 3 / 7 5 10 5 3 4 / 10 2/3 5 2 /7 5 62 T rin id ad & Tobago 6 / 3 2 2 / 13,/ 13 Tunisia 1 / 2 1 10 / 10 Turkey 4 / 1 15 3 / 2 3 / 23 U. A. R. 16 8 6 / 20 1 / 5 4 6 11 7 7 / 77 U ganda 8 / 2 5 1 3 /2 15 Uruguay 212 1 8 2 3 / 23 U . S. A. 61/20 31 12 10 8 / 5 16 1 4 / 5 7 / 7 7 4 16 3 3 /2 5 4(1) 5 / 5 10 1 2 /7 2 11 14/ 280/57 362 U. S. S. R. 6 4 /2 2 29 12 10 1 1 /4 12 1 4 / 5 7 / 7 7 4 16 1 9 /7 4 4 1 1 / 10 1 2 /7 2 11 14/ 267/55 332 V enezuela 1 0 / 1 1 / 7 4 3 / 1 9 /7 20 V iet N am 2 / 7 2 / 3 3 / 1 7 / 17 Yugoslavia 6/3 12 12 4 18 6 / 4 2 / 11 7 5 / 5 7

N um ber of participating countries 82 29 16 57 22 40 31 14 34 42 15 27 42 43 15 20 51 11 13 40 94 M ale 833 412 190 276 134 323 211 266 142 153 263 74 277 304 47 118 273 118 144 275 4,826 Fem ale 251 33 59 95 202 15 71 6 732 Total 1,084 412 190 276 167 323 270 266 237 153 263 74 277 506 47 133 273 189 144 281 5,558

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 216

Countries’ participation in ball-games (Leagues, Finals)

Teams Qiialificd for the Games Teams Participated Remarks

XVII Olympiad, Rome, U.S.A., U.S.S.R., Brazil, 1. U.S.A., U.S.S.R., Brazil Czechoslovakia and U.A. 1960 Italy, Czechoslovakia, Italy, Yugoslavia, Poland R. withdrew. (lst-8th places) Yugoslavia, Poland, Uruguay U ruguay 2 winning teams from 2. Pan-American Games Puerto Rico, Peru 2. Puerto Rico, Peru Yokohama Tournament 3. European Preliminaries Hungary, Finland 3. H ungary, Finland participated. (on Ju n e 14, 1964 at Geneva, Switzerland) 4. African Finals U.A.R. « (on March 10, 1964 at Casablanca, Morocco) 5. Host Nation Jap an 5. Jap an

6. Yokohama Pre-Olympic 1st & 2nd places 6. Mexico, Australia, iTWïljw .ïvoj. «itniriAm Tournam ent Canada, Korea Total: 16 teams Total: 16 teams SiiSSlimEm- tl'[IgNGAr.KVlgMT 1. Africa U.A.R., Ghana, Morocco 1. U.A.R., Ghana, Italy withdrew. Morocco North Korea returned 2. Asia Korea, North Korea, Iran 2. Korea, Iran home. 3. Host Nation Jap an 3. Ja p an 4. Europe Rumania, Hungary, 4. Rumania, Hungary, Germany, Italy, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia Yugoslavia BULLETIN COLLECTH- irENfiAGEMENT o o 5. N orth & Central America, Mexico 5. Mexico and Caribbean Area 6. South America Argentina, Brazil 6. Argentina, Brazil Total: 16 teams Total: 14 teams

1. XVII Olympiad, Rome, Pakistan, India, Spain, Great 1. Pakistan, India, Spain. Hong Kong played in­ 1960 Britain Great Britain stead of Poland. m (lst-4th places) Tanganyika eligible in­ 2. Host Nation Jap a n 2. Jap an stead of U.A.R. did not 3. Others Canada, Australia, Belgium, 3. Canada, Australia, compete making way for Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, Germany Indonesia which eventu­ Kenya, New Zealand, Poland, Netherlands, Kenya, New ally did not participate. Malaysia, U.A.R., Rhodesia Zealand, Malaysia, Rhodesia, Hong Kong Total: 16 teams i Total: 15 teams

1. Men’s Teams (10 teams) Brazil, Czechoslovakia, 1. Brazil, Czechoslovakia, In men’s events, Bulgaria Netherlands,Hungary, Japan, Netherlands, Hungary, participated in place of « Korea, Rumania, Ü.S.S.R., Japan, Korea, Rumania, U.A.R. U.S.A., U.A.R. U.S.S.R., U.S.A., Bulgaria In women’s events, Korea o 2. Women’s Teams (6 teams) Japan, North Korea, Poland, 2. Japan, Poland, Rumania, participated instead of > Rumania, U.S.A., U.S.S.R. U.S.A., U.S.S.R., Korea North Korea. Total: 16 teams Total: 16 teams

1. XVII Olympiad, Rome, Italy, U.S.S.R., Hungary; 1. Italy, U.S.S.R, Hungary, Sweden, Argentina did 1960 Yugoslavia, Netherlands Yugoslavia, Netherlands, not participate. (lst-6th places) Rum ania Rum ania CsSSS'" South Africa was not in­ o 2. Continental Championships vited and substitute team Ah a. European Germany, Sweden, Belgium 2.a. Germany, Belgium was not eligible. b. Pan-American U.S.A., Brazil, Argentina b. U.S.A., Brazil c. Eurasian Australia c. Australia d. Asian Jap an d. Ja p an e. African U.A.R., South Africa e. U.A.R. Total: 16 teams Total: 13 teams

Entry Forms

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library T

Ü SUM

R EG LEM EN T D AT

O'tî W ATHLETICS REG

/ f

TtM Orgtniz

*EGlfMfMr Df ^ . =''*'N«r,c

Programnis for each sport event

*'°‘t*IENr 0£ Gv

. c m TS SPO*'"^'^ '«fS ;,,4 ^ * regulations

JC jS 2 - ' -4- A i* ^ ^ 4S A . T x m TBAlmilS VENUES FOB I TOKtO OLYMPIC CAMES LIEUX D ENTRAINEMENT ||O K Y n AUX JEUX OLYMPIQUES BE TOIYO ;:■ i i î *

- f V ^ ^ 1 ^ i-î- IS» 'I Ï- «»**,«»*« * '^'' .L- -fc TM W IRfIK MHWTttf m U U K S Of IS Will SfflW l u cswre nunuitiR as jrrà « u>«d uMfits

Ot L» »«" *■'^1kt < M»'*®

« 18» * '•

' b i "si

Printed Regulations of the various sports CZ' &'. I-L« n '« r« GD- gb .

Guide book for the training venues

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library ^

...... OLYMPIC CEREMONIES

m » Operational functions, organizations and p<‘rsonneI Opening and Closing Ceremonies W ired Communication ; Outlines of Ceremony Programmes Maintenance AM Ceremonial Council W ireless As a consultative organ to the Secretary General Interpreters (1) Interpreters (24) of the Olympic Organizing Committee, the Cere­ administration monial Council was set up on 5th August 1963 to S p e a k e r ( 20) Information announcing deliberate on matters pertaining to the preparation (1) ■- ( 21) of the Ceremonies. The members of the Council Electronic bulletin board Engineer,Typist (16) consisted of one representative each from the Edu­ (1) cation Ministry, Tokyo Metropolitan Government “ P ro to co l (3) Office, Tokyo B oard of E ducation, Ja p a n A m ateur Sports Association, Japanese Olympic Committee, Assembly officials (108)

National Stadium, Imperial Household Agency, Entry 6d Exit (24) Defense Agency, National Police Agency, Japan procession officials

Broadcasting Corporation, Metropolitan Police P la ca rd officials (7) Placard bearers (114) Board, Tokyo Fire Defense Agency, and a number 1 Band (565) of other persons of learning and experience. The : 9 W Council established sub-divisions to handle questions ■“ Music administration (2) C h o ru s (350) of Design, Music, Technical and Games Facilities, Ceremonial Hq “ F an fa re (30) for final decision by the Council. D ire c to rs (1) The basic policies for the Opening and Closing R am p Ceremonies under which the Council worked were Ceremonial Hq. Vice-Director ’ to: Infield Flag officials ( 11) IW _ Recording and ( 1 ) Maintain the spirit of the Olympic Movement ^ Main poles Reporting (2) as described in Article 3 of the Olympic Charter, Around stands and conduct the Opening and Closing Ceremonies Accounting (9) within the definitions of Articles 57 and 59 respec­ Cannon officials (5) Cannon troup (33) tively. General Affairs and Ceremonial ' ‘ (2) Request all the national teams to participate I Pigeon official (DU Pigeon release (250) in the Opening Ceremony and as many as possible Fireworks officials (5) Fireworks tech. (12) in the Closing Ceremony.

(3) Carry out all the ceremonies in a well defined I Balloon official (1)1- Balloon release (300) and orderly manner. Lighting tech. (44) (4) Endeavour to create a Japanese atmosphere.

(5) Make full use of sound, colour and light in ■! Farewell torch official(l)p Torch holders (2 0 0 ) the technical arrangement of these ceremonies. Final runner (1) Operational outlines Sacred Olympic (1) Flame official The programmes and operational outlines were F uel tech. ( 10) prepared in conformity with these basic policies. Some of the specific times were later adjusted slight­

ly for the actual performance. ™j^c'eremony Shoulder patches of the various International Sports Federations

P la ca rd Opening Ceremony The 10th of October dawn­ Venue officials p a id (2 0 ) (includes equip.) ^ ' em ployees ed with cloudless autumn skies, without the least Microphone 1 indication of the rain of the previous day. Prepara­ tions for the ceremony were completed at 1:30 p.m. Liaison officials (2) ira tio n | and the Olympic prelude commenced promptly at ^ Jet aero p lan e o fficial (14)1 ~[ 1:50 with the hoisting of the Olympic flags and Note : Figures indicate number of personnel those of the participating nations, on the flagstaffs [ I indicate Opening Ceremony only surrounding the stand of the Stadium. To the i______indicate Closing Ceremony only

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 222 22S

accompaniment of electronic music, His Majesty peared from the Stadium, the whole assembly joined were lit together. These torches made a most im­ Order of the Programme of the the Emperor arrived at the Stadium and proceeded pressive and magnificent spectacle as their flames in the singing of the Japanese National Anthem. Closing Ceremony for the Games to the Royal Box, standing briefly while the Na­ Five jet planes of the Japanese Air Self-Defense were rythmically rotated like a gigantic undulating tional Anthem of Japan was played. Force described five gigantic rings of colour—the wave. The chorus changed abruptly into a brisk of the XVIII Olympiad At exactly 2:00 p.m. the first group of athletes Olympic emblem—in the sky. While the electronic melody of march music and the subdued lighting appeared at the north entrance of the Stadium. music was played. Their Majesties the Emperor and was brought up to full. The athletes with their T im e By tradition this column is headed by athletes from the Empress left the Stadium. The delegations flags were farewelled from the Stadium as the 16:40 Preparation completed. A detailed account Greece, the birth-place of the Olympic Games. marched out through the north and south exits, words, “SAYONARA! WE MEET AGAIN IN of the order of events of the ceremony is To the inspiring band selections, beginning with the and the Ceremony was brought to a close. MEXICO CITY in 1968” stood out brightly on broadcast into the Stadium. Olympic March, the column continued in alpha­ the electronic bulletin board. His Majesty the Em­ 16:58 Arrival of His Majesty the Emperor of betical order—from Afghanistan first, to Japan, the Closing Ceremony The last event in the pro­ peror after watching till all the athletes had de­ Japan at the Royal Box host country, last. The particijjants when assem­ gramme, the Olympic Grand Prix Jumping of the parted, left his seat as the electronic music again 16:59 Playing of the Japanese National Anthem bled in the field numbered some 5,700 athletes and Equestrian events brought the Games of the XVIII was heard. Fireworks in a hysterical blaze of colour 17:00 Entrance of the standard bearers and officials. Olympiad to a close. Preparations for the Closing were released and the curtain was drawn on the athletes On the white rostrum in front of the field stepped Ceremony were then completed at 4:40 o’clock in Closing Ceremony of the Games of the XVIII 17:25 Hoisting of three flags and playing of the Mr. Daigoro Yasukawa, President of the Olympic the evening twilight of 24th October 1964. To the Olympiad, Tokyo 1964. National Anthems of Greece, Japan and Organizing Committee. He delivered an address accompaniment of music. His Majesty the Emperor M exico of welcome and expressed his felicitations on the of Japan arrived at the Stadium and took his place 17:28 Pronouncing the closing of the Games 70th Anniversary of the founding of the Interna­ in the Royal Box as the Japanese National Anthem 17:30 Farewell to the Sacred Olympic Fire tional Olympic Committee. The recorded voice of was played. The flags of all participating nations 17:33 Lowering the Olympic Flag and its parade Baron Pierre de Goubertin as he delivered his mes­ were marched into the Stadium by standard bearers Order of the Programme of the from the Stadium sage at the Berlin Games, was broadcast. IOC at 5 o’clock with the names of the nations held 17:37 Salute of guns President Avery Brundage, iittroduced by President high. The athletes followed into the field behind Opening Ceremony for the Games 17:38 Farewell chorus Yasukawa, gave a short address and in Japanese them without distinction of nationality and like a of the XVIII Olympiad 17:40 Exit of standard bearers and athletes formerly requested His Majesty the Emperor of flood water released from its gates. All lined up 18:00 His Majesty the Emperor leaves the Japan to declare open the Games of the XVIII together in an orderly manner in the area behind Time Stadium . Olympiad. The Emperor stood at the Royal Box the flags. There was a feeling of deep emotion with 13:30 Preparations completed. A detailed ac­ 18:01 Fireworks and declared the Games open. Then followed the the completion of the Games, and a peaceful hush count of the order of events of the ceremony Olympic Fanfare, and the Olympic Hymn as the descended on the Stadium. is broadcast into the Stadium. Detailed and technical considerations Olympic Flag borne by eight members of the M ari­ The national anthem of Greece was played as 13:45 Arrival of His Majesty the Emperor of The equipment used for the Opening and Closing time Self-Defense Force impressively entered the the lights were dimmed to half. The national flag Jap an Ceremonies was all designed by Mr. Tsutomu Wata- field from the south entrance. The Flag was raised of Greece in a spot of light was raised slowly on 13:50 Flags of all participating nations hoisted in nabe and included the ceremonial white rostrum, aloft on the 15.21 metre pole in the Stadium. The the left pole above the electronic bulletin board. the Stadium. placards, communication apparatus, megaphones, Mayor of Rome, with the embroidered satin flag The Japanese Rising Sun flag was then positioned 13:58 His Majesty the Emperor enters the Royal tables, chairs, control flags (red), disc position-indi- presented by the Belgium Olympic Committee, ap­ in the centre, and followed by the flag of Mexico Box. cators, torches, illuminators (spotlights, music-stand peared at the north entrance flanked by the drum where the next Olympic Games are to take place, 13:59 Playing of the Japanese National Anthem lights), etc. band of primary school children. At the central at the right as the Mexican National Anthem filled 14:00 Start of the entry march of the athletes M usic rostrum he handed the commemorative flag to the the air. Mr. Brundage, President of the IOC, 14:45 Completion of the formation in the Stadium The music of the Tokyo Olympic Fanfare was Em Governor of Tokyo. A salute of cannons was fired officially pronounced the closing of the Games’ from 14:45 Address of the President of the Olympic selected from a large number of entries submitted by and some 12,000 brightly coloured balloons were the illuminated rostrum. As the strains of the fan­ Organizing Committee the public. released into the clear autumn sky. fare died away, the Sacred Fire which had kept its 14:48 Welcome address of the President of the Acoustics At this moment, the final runner of the Olympic glorious burning for fifteen days, slowly disappeared International Olympic Committee Considerable thought was given to the acoustics and Torch Relay, Yoshinori Sakai, entered the field from from the horizon while the chorus of the Tokyo 14:52 Proclamation of the opening of the Games sound control at the various venues, and particularly the north entrance carrying the Torch which had Olympic Hymn B floated impressively through the by the Emperor at the Main Stadium. been lit at Olympia in far away Greece, and relayed National Stadium. 14:53 Raising of the Olympic Flag and singing of Decorations all the way to the Stadium. Completing half a In the dark and silent field the Olympic flag the Olympic Hymn The royal box and canopies were adorned with round of the track, the runner ran up the steps of was lowered in a single spotlight, and held by the 14:58 Transfer of the Olympic Commemorative decorations designed by Mr. Kisaku Ito. Green the hackstand to light the Sacred Olympic Fire. eight white uniformed bearers from the Self-Defense Flag carpets were spread over the steps to the Sacred As soon as the flame of the Sacred Fire leapt up, Force who slowly made their exit through the south 15:01 Salute of guns Olympic Fire, and flower pots of yellow chrysanthe­ the Tokyo Olympic Games anthem was sung in gate amidst the singing of the chorus of the Olympic 15:03 Arrival of the Olympic Torch and lighting mum were arranged at both sides. National flags chorus. The flag bearers of the participating coun­ Anthem. Five salutes were fired, the spotlights of the Sacred Fire of the participating nations were flown in the alpha­ tries formed a semi-circle around the rostrum. Japa­ extinguished and the Stadium was again in dark­ 15:08 Olympic Oath betical order of the nations, from the side of the nese gymnastic star Takashi Ono representing the ness. 15:09 Release of pigeons electronic bulletin board. Olympic flags and 5- ]3articipating athletes, delivered the Olympic oath The well-known farewell chorus ‘Auld Lang 15:11 Singing of the Japanese National Anthem colour streamers were interspersed among them. holding a corner of the Japanese flag in his left Syne’ was played and as all joined in the chorus, 15:17 His Majesty the Emperor leaves the Two ancient Japanese drums were set in front of the hand and with his right hand raised high. hand torches held by hundreds of college girl stu­ Stadium . hackstand to be used in the playing of the Olympic 8,000 pigeons were released, and as they disap­ dents positioned around the track of the Stadium, 15:18 Athletes depart from the Stadium. anthem .

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Il

224 225

Marches for the athletes entering and leaving the K. J. Alford On the Quarter Deck H. Matsumoto maintained by both wired and wireless equipment, 9 Bermuda field J. P. Sousa Hands Across the Sea " and signal flags. The communication network is 10 Bolivia The brass band consisted of 560 members (includ­ Planqutte Sambre et Muse " shown in a diagram in this section. 11 Brazil ing 30 for the fanfare performance) from the bands I. Dan Shukuten " 12 British G uiana of the Ground and Maritime Self-Defense Forces, (March “Celebration”) Assembly of the athletes’ groups 13 Bulgaria and Police and Fire Defense Units. Chorus par­ H. Starke Sabre and Spear M. Katayama Athletes assembled by the flags held by the officials 14 Burma ticipants were 350 in all and were made up from J. P. Sousa El Capita’n " from the Olympic Village, and proceeded by bus to 15 Cam bodia groups of the Jajtan Broadcasting Corporation, the Karl Taike Zeppelin " the plaza of the Meiji Park. Placards designating 16 Cameroons Tokyo Art University of Music and Kunitachi Col­ F. E. Bigelow Our Director " countries had been placed in order and the athletes 17 C anada lege of Music, and the Musashino College of Music. Morney March Regiment " formed up under these respective groups. The for­ C. E. Duble Bravura " mations were in the order of the field entry, with 18 Ceylon Band selections rendered were as follows:— Y. Koseki Olympic March " that of Greece on the right and the Japanese team 19 C had Composed by: Conducted by: on the left. Participants including officials and 20 Chile Y. Koseki Olympic March FT. Matsumoto Communication system athletes in the Opening Ceremony numbered about 21 Colombia Karl Teike Alte Kameraden " Liaison necessary for conducting the Ceremony was 5,700. 22 Congo For the Closing Ceremony the same ground was 23 Costa Rica used for assembly. Placards and flags were formed 24 C uba Band and chorus amplifier speaker in the same order as that of the Opening Ceremony. 25 Czechoslovakia Athletes and officials were assembled without dis­ (D 8cm X 16cm phone type speaker 26 D enm ark tinction of nationality and numbered about 3,500. @ 30cm circum cone speaker 27 Dominican Republic ® 84 cm circum cone speaker 28 Ethiopia (3) 54cm circum phone speaker Entering and leaving of athletes’ groups (3) S o u n d insula tion m aterial 29 Finland The athletes moved to the north entrance after as­ 30 France sembling in the plaza. At the Opening Ceremony, the standard bearers marched inside the 4th lane 31 G erm any leading a formation of 1—10 abreast depending on 32 G hana the number in the group of officials and athletes. 33 G reat B ritain The team from Greece formed on the centre of the 34 Hong Kong field and the follow ing team s took up positions on 35 H ungary the right and left in turn, ft took some 50 minutes 36 Iceland 2 4 0 to complete the formation. The number of columns 37 India of the group is shown below: 38 Iran 39 Iraq — + Participants Column Groups 40 Ireland 41 Israel 1— 4 1 1 42 Italy 5— 10 2 1 43 Ivory Coast 11— 160 4 2 44 Jam aica 161—250 8 4 45 K enya over 250 10 5 46 K orea 47 Lebanon The march formation and the organizational 48 Liberia order on the day of the Opening Ceremony were 49 Libya as follows: 50 Liechtenstein 51 Luxem burg 52 Madagascar U n it : cm Order of entrance of delegations at the Opening Ceremony 53 Malaysia 1 Greece 54 M ali 2 Afghanistan 55 Mexico 3 Algeria 56 M onaco 4 Argentina 57 Mongolia 5 Australia 58 Morocco 6 Austria 59 Nepal (upper right) A front view of the amplifier speaker 7 Bahamas 60 Netherlands (l)elow right) and its back view 8 Belgium 61 N etherlands Antilles

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 226 Elî;^.'- 227

62 New Zealand 72 P ortugal 82 Thailand Balloons 63 N iger 73 Puerto Rico 83 T rinidad & Tobago At the Opening Ceremony some 12,000 helium filled 64 N igeria 74 Rhodesia 84 Tunisia balloons were released from the middle part of the 65 North Rhodesia 75 R um ania 85 Turkey hackstand immediately following the firing of the 66 N orw ay 76 Senegal 86 U. A. R. third salute. The balloons were in six different 67 Pakistan 77 Spain 87 U ganda colours including white. For safety considerations, 68 Panam a helium gas was used, and balloons of two sizes, 78 Sweden 88 U ruguay 69 Peru diameter-20 cm and 25 cm, were prepared some 31.5 79 Switzerland 89 U. S. A. hours before releasing. Secondary school girl stu­ 70 Philippines 80 T aiw an 90 U. S. S. R. dents carrying 40 balloons each, filed into the Sta­ 71 Poland 81 T anganyika 91 Venezuela dium and released the balloons simultaneously, at a 92 Viet Nam given signal, by cutting the connecting threads. < ) | » ' n i 11»; (](M ’( M n o i i \ l* a ra < l« * oil loading slaili 93 Yugoslavia ou (MitcM’iiijr sladiiini 94 Japan Salute firing t E d Three large cannon of the Ground Self-Defense Electric Bulletin Board Force were used for firing salutes. Three salutes North entrance at intervals of five seconds, and five with ten-second P la c a rd s intervals were fired at the Opening and Closing Method of Procession of Athletes for (dosing Cercinonv Ceremonies respectively. Thirty five members were Placard line A th le te s engaged in this function.

Bands Perfume releasing L arg e d n From the time the Olympic Torch entered the Stadium for the Opening Ceremony to the lighting moment at the Torch Stand, chrysanthemum per­ Sacred fire cauldron O 'D i a s fume was released over the spectator stands. 28.8 kg

A m p lifii of perfume was released with sprayers from dug- □ outs under each stand.

South entrance North entrance

R o y a l Box Release of pigeons At the Opening Ceremony 8,000 pigeons were re­ leased by the Japan Racing Pigeon and Japan Formation line For the Closing Ceremony, standard bearers and Carrier Pigeon Associations. These pigeons col­ Two countries at a time left the stadium flags only proceeded in the march, with Greece first lected from among association members early in in same formation as they were assembled. 2 m ___ and Japan last. Officials and athletes of all coun­ the morning of the day were kept under the care 3 m o o 6 ------ho ^ o o o o ------h-o ^ tries followed together without distinction of na­ of 250 members and released simultaneously from o o o o' I 3 m 2 m 3 m From the centre of the arena Vl.Sm I tionality, and formed in array as shown in the the positions in the first line of the stand. ’ 0 0 o o ------o 8 m the groups formed into their }—O - t O O O 0 0 o f- 0 •ijO o o o o ------o following diagram. assembly lines under the direc­ 0 O 0 o ------o tion and guidance of the di­ Jet aircraft participation recting officials. Countries bearing odd numbers Electronic bulletin board A special flight research group of the Air Self- to one side of the Royal Box and those bearing even numbers The electronic bulletin board was used effectively Defense Force participated in the Olympic Opening to the other side. for the conduct of ceremonies. These announce­ Ceremony. The team of five pilots headed by the ments and designs included:— commander. Air Force Captain Haruhide Matsu­ At the Opening Ceremony: The signs of shita, used coloured exhaust from their jet engines The order ot entry proeessioii at the ()[K‘iiiiig (iereniony “TOKYO OLYMPICS” and the Olympic Mark; to describe the five coloured rings of the Olympic the words of Baron de Coubertin; names of par­ symbol at a height of 10,000 ft. after being syn­ ticipating countries; and address by the President chronised by radio of the precise time to commence of Olympic Organizing Committee in English and their run. Direction of movement French; the text of words of the late Baron de

o o ------o Coubertin; and address by the President of the Firew orks International Olympic Committee in Japanese and The use of fireworks was intended to create a fitting French; opening announcements; etc. and appropriate mood for the occasion at the Open­ At the Closing Ceremony: The mark of the ing and Closing Ceremonies. At the Opening Sacred Olympic Fire; Olympic mark; names of Ceremony, sound and smoke fireworks were adopted participating countries; closing announcements in to alert the athletes to assemble and parade, to ^ O English and French; words of “SAYONARA” and signal the arrival of the Emperor, the exit of the “MEXICO”; etc. athletes, etc. Successive rocket fireworks were dis-

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 228 229

Games site. individual athletes through the athletes’ administra­ Assembling zone tion office of the Olympic Village, each diploma --T------T'~-----T------T -----T F irew o rk s Rehearsals of the Medal Awarding Ceremony In printed with the athletes name. Some of these for O wired principle, two ceremony rehearsals were held at the participants in those events toward the end of T T W ireless each Games site. Participants were the operational the programme were, for convenience, forwarded Sacred fire cauldron k C annon personnel of the Organizing Committee and of C horus to the respective National Olympic Committees sports organizations concerned. later for presentation. F anfare

B ands Electronic Medal Awarding Most of the victory ceremonies Pigeon Release ^ Bulletin fîoard were held at the site immediately following the National Anthems games or sports. Medals were delivered to the Preparation of the original music The jflaying MEXICO (' B alloon (O releasing ceremony sites on the day. of the national anthems is recpiired to take jjlace at Pigeon Release the time of awarding the medals in accordance with Olympic Flag Centre Pole Medals Winners medals the Article 58 of the Olympic Charter. The scores 3 centre Medals were designed by Mr. Toshitaka Koshiba, of the anthems used for those nations entered in the Art Officer of the Japanese Mint, after the models XVII Olympiad (Rome) were accjuired from Italy. of medals of Amsterdam IX Olympiad (1928). On There were a number of National Olympic Commit­ the reverse side of the medals are the letters of tees recognized after the Rome Games and the North entrance South entrance “XVIII OLYMPIAD TOKYO 1964” with the musical scores for these additional 31 countries were N o rth gate Control office game designation in English of each of the 20 sports obtained from the Japan Broadcasting Corporation. (e.g. ATHLETICS). Medals were of 60mm in di­ In all, scores of 117 national anthems were prepared ameter and 3mm thick. The gold medal is a pure Floodlights for all the affiliated members of the International Floodlights silver m ould strongly gilded w ith 6 gram s of fine Olympic Committee. gold, the silver m edal is m ade of pure silver, and the Welcome line bronze medal is of bronze. The medals were pro­ Arrangement of the mu.sic Mr. Yosaku Suma vided with a ring plated with gold, silver or copper rearranged the music of the national anthems to respectively, and a coloured box coated with Japa­ confine the performance to the officially restricted nese black lacquer. time of 30-seconds to match with flag hoisting. The The medals were cast at the Japanese Mint. rearranged music was in each case referred back Some of the surplus medals were presented to public for approval to the National Olymjuc Committees played after the participants cleared the field. museums and for exhibition purposes, while the of the countries concerned, and all the musical At the Closing Ceremony, sound fireworks W'ere Victory Ceremonies remainder were melted down. scores were ready by the early part of 1964. used for signals at first, and Japanese multicoloured Ceremony programmes and operational outlines fireworks were released after the athletes left the were prepared at joint meetings held by the Cere­ Commemoration medals for participation Printing and distribution of scores The 30- grounds of the Stadium. These were fired from mony Operation Council and the Facilities Com­ The face and the other side of these commemorative second music scores of all eligible countries had of three positions. mittee. Detail plans were drawn up through fur­ medals were designed by Messrs. Taro Okamoto necessity to be prepared irrespective of those coun­ ther consultations on the particular games venue and Kazumitsu Tanaka respectively. tries actual participation in the Tokyo Olympic T orches an d sport. An athlete and a swimmer were placed on the Games. The scores actually printed were for 103 Torches of about 50 cm length with jellied-gasoline Programme: • Announcement of the Victory leaves of olive on the face, w hile th e other side countries. Sets of the printed material were fur­ soaked cotton were prepared each to last twelve Cerem ony carried the words of “XVIII OLYMPIAD TOKYO nished to the bands according to the countries par­ minutes. While farewell songs were sung, these • Winner Athletes Enter 1964” and an Olympic Mark. A total of 17,000 ticipating in the sports. lighted torches were arranged in circular formation, • Officials Arrive medals was issued to the participating athletes and In the victory ceremonies of the 21 Games sites, and to the marching melody during the final • Medal Awarding officials. It was m ade of copper finished in dark the musical renditions were handled by the bands of parade, they were used in two rows in the field near • National Anthems and Flag green in a size of 60rnm in diameter with 3-5mm the Ground, Maritime and Air Forces of the De­ the mainstand. H oisting thickness cased in a wooden box. fense Agency, Metropolitan Police, Fire Defense • Official Representatives Leave Agency and Kanagawa and Nagano Prefectural Illumination • Departure of the Winner Ath­ Diplomas Two diplomas were prepared, one as Police. Each band consisted of 30-100 members. Other than the main illumination facilities of the letes and Announcement of the a testimonial for the officials and the other a letter Stadium, special spot lights illuminated the Olympic Closing of commendation for the winning athletes. flag and Sacred Olympic Fire and the victory poles Operating officials (and assistants) and other Mr. Hiromu Hara designed both of these diplo­ National Flags from the back. Bands and conductors were spot­ personnel. mas using a thick Japanese paper embossed with Designs adopted Care was taken to provide lighted at the Closing Ceremony. The three flags The Ceremonies were conducted in principle by leaves of olive. Marks of the sun and the Olympiad exact replicas of each National flag. of Greece, Japan and Mexico were given special two officials recommended by the sports organiza­ and the letters of “TOKYO 1964” in powdered gold Designs of the National flags were officially se­ illumination as also was the Olympic flag at the tions and four assistants and a band of 30-100 were added. In the letter of commendation were lected through comparisons and studies of all avail­ time of hoisting and leaving the Stadium. Five members from Defense, Police and Fire Defense the marks of the sun and the Olympiad and letters able data concerning marks, regulations and cus­ searchlights with 40 cm light bulbs were used and Agencies, Defense Agency Flag Bearers Troop (7-9 of “TOKYO 1964”. toms by referring to the examples of the past Olym­ attended by 14 engineers. persons) and additional two dispatchers at each The letters of commendation were handed to the pics, the Third Asian Games and other international

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 231

Detailed Account of the Order of the Opening Ceremony for the Games of the XVIII Olympiad

account the material had to be most durable. The Time Order Procedure Music Rem arks cloth chosen was a 100% nylon wool which had 13.30 Preparation for the Preparations completed been used for boat flags of the Maritime Self Opening Ceremony Defense Force. The material was tested by placing 13.45 Arrival of His Majesty sample pieces on the poles of the National Stadium the Emperor of Japan for 15 days, day and night. 13.50 Flags of all participat­ “The Olympic Overture” ing nations hoisted in Quantity and size of the flags The flags used the Stadium included the following:— Approximately 4,000 Na­ 13.58 His Majesty the Em­ After the Olympic overture ends, His Majesty the Electronic Music Emperor will enter the Royal Box in the stadium tional flags of participating countries, 2,500 Olympic peror enters the Royal Box to the accompaniment of electronic music flags, 300 Rising Sun flags, 250 Tokyo Metropolitan 13.59 Playing of the Japanese When His Majesty the Emperor enters the Royal The Japanese national flags and 130 Prefectural flags for Kanagawa, Chi­ National Anthem Box, the Japanese National Anthem will be played anthem—“ Kimigayo” ba, Nagano, etc., were prepared for use at various 14.00 Start of the entry march Athletes of participating nations enter the stadium M arch Officials guide the parade Games sites, athletic fields and for victory ceremo­ of the athletes and commence parading nies. 14.45 Delegations complete for­ The respective delegations after completing the Before the marches end, The following four-size flags were uniformly mation in the arena march round the stadium will line up in the the presidents of both IOC adopted after considering the height of the poles center of the field and maintain a position in a and OOC will stand a and those models of the past international events. column behind their respective places position at the rostrum (1) 1.2mX1.8m for the Opening and Closing 14.45.30 Address by the president After the marches end, the president will mount of th e O O C the rostrum and will deliver a speech of welcome Ceremonies for the march at the Village cere­ (including the felicitations on the 70th anniversary of the founding of the IOC and the recorded Boy scouts at the daily flag ceremony monies and indoor victory ceremonies. voice of Baron Pierre de Coubertin). (2) 1.4 mX 1.8 m for the use of the Olympic De­ tached Villages and outdoor victory ceremo­ 14.48.30 W elcom e address by the The president delivers a speech of welcome, then president of the IOC requests His Majesty the Emperor to declare open nies and at smaller sites. the Tokyo Olympic Games athletic meetings, literature on the national flag (3) 2.0mX3.0m for the Olympic Village and issued by the authority of the country concerned, 14.52 Opening Address The Emperor stands up at the Royal Box and Fanfare 30 trumpeters stand under victory ceremonies at larger sites with poles declares open the Tokyo Olympic Games. Immedi­ the Sacred Olympic Fire research works on National flags, etc. The Olympic of 15 m in height. ately after, a fanfare of trumpets is sounded Charter stipulates that flags shall be the same size (4) 3.0mX4.5m for the use of during victory 14.53.30 H oisting of the O lym ­ The Olympic flag, carried by 8 members of the The Olympic Anthem for all nations, and the ratio of two to three was ceremonies at the National Stadium. pic flag Japanese Maritime Self-Defence Force will be com posed by Sam ala is accordingly adopted for the breadth and length of brought into the stadium and hoisted into place sung in chorus on the pole in the stadium the flag. Colours were classified into ten official Distribution of flags and hoisting Flags were colours with five supplementary colours. 14.58 Transfer of the Olym­ After the hoisting of the Olympic flag, the Mayor The Drum Band distributed to sports sites according to the countries pic Commemorative flag of Rome, accompanied by a flag bearer and the Small sample flags of the selected design were drum band composed of primary school children, participating and sports entries. To effect the referred to each National Olympic Committee with enters the stadium, transfers the Olympic flag to plan it required a large force of manpower to dis­ the president of the IOC, and further to the Gov­ a questionnaire and specifications for approval. ernor of Tokyo play such a large number of flags for the lengthy period of 52 days. From 8 o’clock in the morning 15.01 Salute of Guns When the Olympic flag is presented to the Gov­ At the signal of the third Material of cloth The flags were required to be ernor of Tokyo, there will be a first salute of guns, salute of guns, some I0,(X)0 to the sunset hour in the Games period, welcome 3 salutes at intervals of 5 seconds flown on the poles for over 50 days, and on that balloons will be released flags were placed on the pole at each site. The 15.03 Arrival of the Sacred The final Olympic torch runner enters the stadium As soon as the Sacred Fire After the Hymn (A), the welcome flags at the main gate of the Olympic Torch and lighting of and lights the Sacred Olympic Fire is lit, a chorus will sing flag bearers of the respec­ Village and main stadium sites and the Komazawa Sacred Olympic Fire the Tokyo Olympic Hymn tive delegations will form (A) a semi-circle around the Members of Junior sports organisations also assisted in the Sports Centre were raised each day from the open­ rostrum flag ceremonies ing day of the Village on 15th September to the day 15.08 Olympic Oath A Japanese athlete represents all participating ath­ of the Closing Ceremony of the Games. Raising letes and delivers the Olympic oath with raising and lowering of the flags were performed every his right arm day, irrespective of the weather, by Boy Scouts and 15.09 Release of Doves After the Olympic oath, some 8,000 doves are released from cages under the front stands Youth Sports organizations. Flags at the time of victory ceremonies at all Games sites were handled 15.11 Singing of the Japanese After the doves have flown out of the stadium, the The Japanese National At 15.13, the Japanese Air National Anthem spectators will join in the singing of the Japanese A nthem Self-D efence F o rce’s je t by the personnel from the Defense Agency. Suita­ National Anthem. 5 jet planes of the Japanese Air planes form five Olympic ble instruction was furnished to all personnel in­ Self-Defence Force will form five Olympic circles circles in the sky over the in the sky over the stadium stadium volved, to familiarize them in the proper treatment of flags, and several rehearsals were conducted at leaves the stadium music will be broadcast and the Emperor will leave various places to ensure that these flags were han­ the Royal Box dled in a dignified and correct manner. 15.18 Delegations depart from After the Emperor leaves the Royal Box, with the M arch the stadium start of march music the delegations march out to the southern and northern exits

15.43 The leaving completed

(Note) The outline and various notices of the closing ceremony were broadcast in three language, i.e. Japanese, English and French, before starting the ceremony.

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 232 233

Musical Scores used during Ceremonies Detailed Account of the Order of the Closing Ceremony for the Games of the XVIII Olympiad

T im e O rd er Procedure M usic R em arks

16.40 Preparation for the Clos­ Preparations completed ing Ceremony FANFARE OF THE TOKYO GAMES

16.58 Arrival of His Majesty His Majesty the Emperor enters the Royal Box in the Emperor of Japan the stadium to the accompaniment of electronic Music by MITSUYA IMAI Î m usic Andante

16.59 Playing of the Japanese The Japanese National Anthem is played as His The Japanese national National Anthem Majesty the Emperor enters the Royal Box anthem

17.00 Entrance of Standard The bearers of flags of the participating delegations M arch Officials guide the parade bearers and athletes march into the arena in single file and behind them march all the competitors without distinction of nationality

17.25 Delegations complete for­ Respective delegations line abreast at their desig­ A fter the m arches end, the mation in the arena nated places and the flag bearers form a semicircle president of the IOC behind the rostrum stands a position at the rostrum RifMs for Jiipan are eserriaeH i*y Tl« OrKanizi.ir Comm.itee for iW Games u[ ihe XVTIL Olvirplaj 17.25 Hoisting of three flags The National flags of Greece, Japan and Mexico Each national anthem and Nippon Hosp Kyokti and playing of the na­ are raised above the electric bulletin board and the tional anthems national anthems of the three countries are played as their flag is being hoisted

17.28.30 Pronouncing the closing Tlie president of the IOC officially pronounces the F anfare 30 trumpeters stand under of the Games closing of the Games after the Mexican flag has the Sacred Olympic Fire been hoisted. Immediately after, a fanfare of trumpets is sounded. A fter pronouncing the closing of th e Games, the president of the IOC re­ turns to the first position J. J

17.30.30 Farewell to the Sacred Toward the end of the Fanfare, the Olympic Flame A chorus sings the Tokyo Olympic Fire gradually disappears and the Tokyo Olympic Hymn Olympic Hymn (B) (B ) is sung in chorus

17.33.30 Lowering the Olympic The infield Olympic flag lowered to the accom­ The Olympic anthem is All n ational flags hoisted flag and its parade from paniment of the Olympic anthem is carried out by sung in chorus aro u n d th e stadium are the stadium 8 Maritime Self-Defence Force personnel. The low ered Olympic anthem is sung TOKYO OLYMPIC HYMN (A) il HI i Hs I! E H IH I 17.37.30 Salute of Guns 5 salutes of guns follow the exit of the Olympic Salute of guns Kaigakan Plaza flag (at intervals of 10 seonds) Lyric by HARUO SATO M uh Ic by OSAMU SHIMIZU Andante maestoso 17.38.30 Farewell Chorus At the signal of the fifth salute of guns, torches Auld Land Syne surrounding the lined athletes in the arena are lighted, and all sing Auld Lang Syne f 1 ...... ' n i U H E i t i H H i I < ad lib I) Ÿ II ^ V' - K I' IJ I' It i- tr >> 1' \C U I, h 17.40 Exit of Standard bearers With the starting of the march music, the stand­ M arch IJ * J J J J J i J J J J i J» J « and athletes ard bearers in the center leave orderly through the y j y paco a paeo dtcttsc. J f f ? •" — — ...... ___ — north exit followed by the athletes

18.00 The leaving completed Timbale G.C, 18.00 His Majesty the Emperor Elctronic music is broadcast and the Emperor leaves the stadium leaves the Royal Box

18.01 Fireworks With the stadium lights half dimmed after His Majesty has left, 14,000 fireworks are lit to signal the close of the ceremony

(Note) The outline and various notices of the closing ceremony were broadcast in three language, ff i.e. Japanese, English and French, before starting the ceremony.

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 234 235

TOKYO OLYMPIC HYMN (B) OLYMPIC HYMN Poem K.PAIAM A Lyric by YASO SAIJO Translated bv AKIKA N(H;AMI Music by ROH OGURA Allefirro ma non tanto

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Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library p 236 237

O L Y M P IC MARCH

Music by YUJI KOSEKI

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Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library T

i I 238 259

OLYMPIC OVEiri LHC

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Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 240

D.S. a l Coda

p?prtrpp Score of Electronic Music Eoniposcti bv : Toshiro Mavuziimi Boy scouts diligently performed (a)ntribiited bv : N.H.K. the duty of daily raising and lowering the flags at all Olympic sites A Rin-o-ji Temple Bell Below, a young g ro u p reverently r"*i3^ kA 4 ^ B Sacred Mt. Koya Temple Bell carry the flags for hoisting C Myoshinji Temple Bell • D Todaiji Temple Bell

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Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Victory medals of the Games of the 18th Olympiad Tokyo. In the centre is the Gold medal and at left and right I he case and hack view of the Gold medal the Silver and Bronze respectively, below is the Diploma form upBn which the winners name was inscribed

999 fOKYO 1964

\ wiiioiami’Iadi niKGWIKSOt rilK will OIAMPIAI)

commemorative medals of the (iames of the 18th Olympiad lokyo

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library The planning of the Olympic Torch Relay to vise the Torch Relay within the district. Tokyo was in fact commenced at the time of the The third committee meeting (15th December Games in Rome. Initial consideration was given 1962) made the following decisions:— to a grand concept of crossing the Asian continent • The details regarding the aircraft to be used by way of the ancient Silk Road. This plan, how­ for the relaying outside of Japan would be left ever, had to be abandoned after discovering that the to be studied by an Air Relay Experts’ Com­ numerous difficulties presented made this impracti­ mittee and its executive team. cable. • Prototypes of an Olympic Torch would be As the alternative plan, a new overland Eurasian produced by January, 1963 for experimental route was suggested in which the Olympic Torch purposes and to permit ample testing. runners would be brought all the way from Olym­ At the fourth committee meeting (22nd March pia. About this time in 1961, the Asahi Newspaper 1963), the relay courses within Japan, their respec­ Ltd. had proposed to pathfind this route by jeep tive schedules and the type of aircraft to be selected as far as Singapore. The Organizing Committee for the air transportation outside of Japan were cooperated in this project, and attached a represen­ discussed, though no final decision was arrived at. tative to this motor survey. This transcontinental At the fifth committee meeting (21st June 1963), trip however led to the conclusion that such an a conclusion was reached that it would not be overland route was not practical economically or practical to visit all the 22 cities in 19 countries as geographically, nor in the time it would require for originally planned. the Relay. The sixth committee meeting (21st September The unveiling ceremony of the names In March, 1962, came the proposal to relay the 1963):— of the winners of all events at the Games of the I8th Olympiad Tokyo Torch via an air route. To obtain specific data • In the relay outside of Japan, visits to the which were inscribed on the walls of for this plan, an official and an assistant were following 12 cities were decided on: Athens, the Main Stadium. Below can be despatched to the various Asian countries con­ Istanbul, Beirut, Teheran, Lahore, New Delhi, seen a section of the names as they N appear over the main entrance of the cerned. The cordial manner in which they were Rangoon, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Manila, stadium received gave the Committee confidence in the Hong Kong and Taipei. realization of this air route plan. • For the transporting plane, the Air Relay At the 18th meeting of the Organizing Committee Experts’ Committee and its executive team held in M ay, 1961, a form al d raft was presented were of a mind to use a Japan-made plane, regarding the establishment of a Special Committee but due to a number of problems which ]tre- on the Olympic Torch Relay. The result was the sented themselves it was decided that a DC- formation of this committee on 4th July 1962. 6B type passenger plane would be a more At the first meeting of this special committee practical solution. A decision was also reached (4th July 1962), the following basic decisions were that this should be chartered from the Japan reached: The torch would be relayed by air out­ Air Lines (JAL). side Japan; Okinawa would be the first landing The seventh committee meeting (21st December place in Ja p an ; Sub-com m ittees w ould be set up 1963):— to study the various problems of overseas, national • The final decisions were reached and confirmed and technical aspects involved. on the full relay programme and on the courses, The second committee meeting (9th August 1962) schedules and the aircraft to be used. resulted in decisions as under:— • It was decided that a rej)resentative would be • To schedule nineteen days in relaying the sent to the twelve foreign cities selected as Torch from Olympia to Okinawa. relay points for preliminary arrangements. • The official runners for relaying within Japan The eighth committee meeting (19th May would be between 16 to 20 years of age. 1964):— " • Each section of the relay formation within Reports received from the initial liaisoning team Japan would consist of one official runner, two verified that the foreign countries concerned were alternate runners and up to twenty accom­ all actively preparing for the relay and that all panying runners. were both enthusiastic and cooperative. • An executive committee would be formed on The ninth committee meeting (6th July 1964) - a prefectural basis and commissioned to super­ At this meeting, all the apparatus required for

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 246 247

the Olympic Torch Relay was reconfirmed in detail, and the entire scheduled programme reviewed. The burner-carrier was so designed that even embroidered onto the breast of the all-white run­ Of special importance was the final check on the while the O lym pic T o rch was being relayed by the ning shirt (for men) and T-shirt (for women). organization needed for the relay operation as well runners, the Torch’s counterpart could be kept Pants and shoes were supplied to all official runrters. as on the selected jrcrsonnel to be resjronsible for burning safely in the accompanying automobile, , : hung by a special air-cushioning device. On the the entire programme, both at home and those to :: : The Actual Relay be despatched abroad. 4 relaying plane, also ample protection factors were incorporated for the Olympic Torch to eliminate From Olympia to Okinawa: On 21st August any hazards of fire and accident. 1964, H.M., King Constantine II of Greece, to­ The Actual Relay Route Programme gether with H.R.H., Princess Irene, as chairman of The overall Olympic d’orch Relay programme fixed The Olympic Torch Vessel and the igniter; the Hellenic Olympic Committee, arrived at Olym­ by the rejtort of its special committee is as follows:— For the ceremony to be performed upon arrival pia. They laid a laurel wreath at the tomb where at and departure from each stopping place, an the heart of Baron Pierre de Coubertin is enshrined. The Relay Iniplements and Apparatus Olynnpic T orch Vessel was used. Its design was About this same hour, at the ruins of the ancient In July, 1962, it was decided to create a technical made to harmonize with the Holder and to as well Temple of Zeus, the priestesses were igniting the sub-committee to be doubly assured of being sup­ perform the function of augmenting the stage Sacred Olympic Flame in the Bowl from the heat plied with proper and adequate relay implements. effects of the R elay Cerem ony. of the rays of the sun. This sub-committee was called upon to examine Each day during the Olympic Torch Relay, all This Olympic Torch in the Vessel, guarded by all such articles and to consider all factors of techni­ of these implements were made use of. The igniter junior priestesses, was then transferred to the site cal and practical aspects. required in transferring the Torch from one con­ of the Ancient Olympics, where H.M. the King, tainer to the next, also had to satisfy the require­ H.H. the Princess, President Brundage of the Inter­ Torch: ments of being safe, reliable and simple. Con­ national Olympic Committee, President Yasukawa The torches used in the previous Olympic Games sideration was also given to the following points: of the Organizing Committee, Chairman Takashima at Rome and the past Asian Games were studied of the Olympic Torch Relay Committee and other in detail. In the initial testing this was done on The uniform for the runners: officials were waiting. In this impressive ceremony. the assumption that the actual combustion period This was standardized for use both in the foreign Chief Priestess, Mrs. Aleca Katselli lit the I'orch of each torch would last 14 minutes for the ones to countries and in Japan. from the vessel, and handed it to H.M. King Con­ be used within Japan and six minutes for those for The mark of the Tokyo Olympic Games was stantine, who in turn handed the Torch to the use abroad. Other conditions sought were: The torch should be one which could be ignited easily, TOKYO OLYMPIC GAMES TORCH RELAY COURSE from ATHENS to JAPAN Igniting of a torch from a flame carrier D a y of D a y o f A.rriving Leaving M o n th T im e C o u n tr y N o te M o n th W e e k S to p o v e r C i t y

15.15 leaves A th e n s G reece A u g . 23 S u n . The safety lamp for earring the sacred flame would be strong in wind and rain resistance, yet 17.00 arrives " Is ta n b u l T u r k e y 1 3 .5 5 le a v e s " one which could be easily disposed of after use. A 24 M o n . 1 6 .3 0 a r r i v e s " B e iru t L e b a n o n cylindrical container with a stainless steel coating, 25 T u e s . " // Reserve day filled with priming powder and fumigant, was 11.45 leaves " u 26 W e d . T e h e ra n Ir a n perfected after a number of trial productions and 17.30 arrives " 0 9 .5 0 le a v e s « 2 7 T h u r s . experiments. 1 7 .2 0 a r r i v e s " L a h o re P a k i s t a n 1 5 -1 0 le a v e s '>■ // 2 8 F r i. 17.00 arrives " N e w D e lh i In d ia Holder: 1 2 .4 0 le a v e s n » Call for aircraft 29 S a t . The holder was designed to match with the 1 6 .0 0 a r r i v e s " C a l c u tt a m a in te n a n c e 1 2 .2 0 le a v e s . // : H t torch. In selecting its material, its weight and 30 1 6 .0 0 a r r iv e s " R a n g o o n B u rm a other factors were carefully considered, and re­ 14.45 leaves // 31 M o n . sulted in the selection of an alloy with aluminium 17.00 arrives " B a n g k o k T h a i l a n d S ep t. 1 T u es. n Reserve day as its chief ingredient. 13.20 leaves n » W e d . 17.00 arrives " Kuala Lumpur M a l a y s i a 1 0 .0 0 le a v e s " 3 T h u r s . The Olympic Torch and its carrier: 1 6 .3 0 a r r i v e s " M a n ila Philippines For the safekeeping of the Olympic Torch at the 1 4 .0 0 le a v e s « n F r i . H o n g k o n g H o n g k o n g \ arious stopping places and while being relayed by 18.00 arrives " 5 S a t . Delayed by Typhoon the plane, an Olympic Torch burner was selected, 1 6 .1 0 le a v e s H o n g k o n g H o n g k o n g 6 S u n . designed on the principle of the coal-mine safety 1 7 .2 5 a r r iv e s " T a ip e i Republic of China 0 9 .1 0 le a v e s n // 7 M o n . lamp. The fuel used for this burner was kerosene, 1 2 .0 0 a r r iv e s " N aha Okinawa and emphasis was laid on the safety factors. Fuel 8 T ues. s t a y s I» ^ * 3 0 7 .0 0 le a v e s u // W e d . of a high flash point was selected and the appear­ 0 8 .4 0 a r r iv e s " K a g o s h im a J a p a n ance of the flame and other technical factors were 09.30 leaves n W e d . carefully taken into consideration in perfecting this 0 9 .5 5 a r r iv e s " M i y a z a k i // 1 0 .3 0 le a v e s n " W e d . burner. 1 5 .5 0 a r r iv e s " S a p p o r o

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 248 249

first relay runner, George Marcellos, the Greek dent of the Organizing Committee for the XVIII was then air-relayed back to Calcutta to rejoin the were waiting for the plane and greeted it enthusias­ 110-yard hurdle champion. Games, Mr. Yasukawa as representing Japan’s main Torch. Thus was fulfilled the wish of Nepal, tically as the landing wheels touched Jajranese soil. With the torch held high, Marcellos first stopped Olympic delegation. a new Asian members of the International Olympic Mr. Takashima, chairman of the Olymjjic Torch at the Coubertin Memorial Park, to light the The Olympic Torch, kept at rest in the Airport Committee. Relay Mission which had been sent to Athens, lit Olympic Flame Cauldron in front of the shrine. precincts overnight, was carried to the special The special relay plane reached the Kaitak Air­ the Torch from the flame in the Burner. 'I'his He then proceeded to Pyrgos, the first relay point. Olympic Torch Relay Plane, “City of Tokyo” on port of Hong Kong on 4th September, despite Torch was handed to Mr. Shigekata I’oma, chair­ Thus was started the Olymijic Torch on the relay the following day, 23rd August. At 2.15 p.m., the intermittent heavy rain due to an approaching man of the Okinawa Olymjric Torch Relay Com­ which was to take it all the way to Tokyo in the plane took-oflf for Istanbul, the first stop-over city, typhoon. The Olympic Torch was handed under mittee, who in turn, handed it to the first runner, Far East, to link the two continents of Europe and and landed at the Yesilkoy Airport in the suburb the cover of an umbrella to Mr. A. de O. Sales, Isamu Miyagi, who carried it proudly to the wel­ Asia. of Istanbul at 5.00 p.m. that evening. The Olympic chairman of the Hong Kong Olympic Committee, coming ceremony ground at the Okutakeyama The Torch was carried northward along the Flame thus spent its first night in Asia in Turkey. and from him to the relay runner. The Torch, Stadium. Before a crow'd of more than 20,000, the .shores of the Ionian Sea. The sun began to set as On the 24th the flame was flown to Beirut relayed through the streets of Kowloon was then Olympic Torch Cauldron was lit to fittingly climax the Torch reached Patras, at the mouth of the (Lebanon) and Teheran (Iran) ; on the 27th to ferried from the Kowloon wharf to the island of the occasion. Gulf of Corinth, but the relay runners pressed on­ Lahore (Pakistan); the 28th to New Delhi (India) Hong Kong on the Governor-General’s private On the 8th and 9th, the Olympic Torch was ward to Athens through the night under the pale and Rangoon (Burma); the 31st it was in Bangkok launch, and the Sacred Flame burned throughout relayed through Okinawa and at every point on light of the full moon. It was on the following (Thailand); 2nd September in Kuala Lumpur the night at the City Hall. the route it was greeted joyfully. To make uj) evening that the Torch finally reached the marble- (Malaysia) and the 3rd of September in Manila At midnight on the fourth, Hong Kong was struck the day’s delay in Hong Kong, a portion of the constructed Pan-Athenian Stadium, the first venue (the Philippines). At each of these air relay stop­ by a Typhoon, and the special plane moored at Torch was sent ahead to the Japanese mainland of the Modern Olympics. Here the city of Athens over cities, the Olympic Torch received a most the airport suffered a damaged wing, which ren­ on the 9th, while the remaining Torch completed turned out to welcome the Sacred Fire. enthusiastic reception. dered it impossible to be used for flying This the relay programme on the island. This half of After the second fire had been set aflame on the Up to this time, the extra day each scheduled incident necessitated the first alteration in the the Torch was delivered to the Itazuke Airport, mounted cauldron especially set up at the stadium, in reserve had been spent in Beirut and Bangkok. detailed Torch Relay schedule. Japan Air Lines Fukuoka, on the 11th by a regular air flight enabl­ and amidst the impressive ceremonies of benedic­ At New Delhi, the Torch was apportioned in order to meet this emergency, rushed a Convair 88DM ing to fuse again with the flame which had been tion, the relay started again, this time to the to present a flame of the Sacred Fire to the repre­ jet plane from Haneda to Hong Kong, and this sent on ahead. Flellinikon Airport. It was here that the Sacred sentatives of Nepal who by previous arrangement enabled the relay flying from the Kaitak Airport Torch was taken into Japanese custody for the first had been given permission to use it in a relay only one day behind the schedule. Unfortunately The Olympic Torch in Japan: time, as the Torch was handed over to the Presi- ceremony at Katmandu. This apportioned Torch however this substitute plane itself developed engine The YS-11 relay plane “Seika” (“Sacred Flame”) trouble just after the take-off and the flight was of the All-Japan Air Line left Okinawa at 6.58 again delayed. To prevent further delay, another a.m., on 9th September, and was sighted above the Route of Torch Relay for Tokyo Olympic Games 1964 Cities visited between Olympia and Okinawa plane was made available by switching over a Kagoshima Airport at 8.38 a.m. Met by an escort plane of the same type which was in Hong Kong formation of greeting planes and to the lively I..- on a regular scheduled flight. This emergency welcome of fireworks and salute of guns, it landed (T) A th en s (Greece (B urm a measure made possible the take-off on the same at the airport where had assembled to meet it a Istan b u l (T u rk ey ) (Thailand) B eirut (Lebanon) (Malaysia) day, and enabled the plane to reach Taipei at crowd of more than 30,000 people. (4 )T eh eran [Iran (Philippines (5) Lahore [Pakistan) (Hong Kong) 5.00 p.m. that same evening and just one day Soon after the welcoming programme was (6)New Delh [Ind [Republic of China) behind schedule. Tens of thousands were at the finished, the “Seika” again took-off, carrying a Taipei International Airport to welcome the Sacred part of the Sacred Flame for a second landing at Torch carrier. Miyazaki Airport, from where would start the course This has briefly outlined the Olympic Torch relay No. 2. The “Seika” next headed for Hok­ d y Relay outside of Japan. The main statistics of this kaido in the north of Japan to carry the Torch to relay could be stated as:— the starting point of the Northern Japan Relay Total distance air-relayed 15,508 km. Course. At 3.55 p.m., in a light drizzle, the carrier Total distance relayed overland 732 km. plane taxied to a stop on the runway of the Chitose Total number of overland relay Airport. Thus in one day the Sacred Flame had sections 870 been safely delivered to three starting points of the Total number of official runners 870 Olympic Torch Relay in the mainlaird of Japan— Kagoshima, Miyazaki and Chitose. From Okinawa to Tokyo: The special plane “City of Tokyo” which had been damaged by the typhoon at Hong Kong, was taken to Taipei after The Olympic Torch Relay in Japan being repaired, arriving on the 7th September. (Course No. 1) From Kagoshima Prefecture to Returned to use as the relay carrier, it was able Kumamoto Prefecture, around the Ariake Bay to to carry out the mission of relaying the Sacred Nagasaki Prefecture; through Saga and Fukuoka Torch as it entered Japanese territory. At 9.30 Prefectures to Yamaguchi and Hiroshima Prefec­ a.m., on the 7th, this plane took-off from the Taipei tures; leaving the Inland Sea coast line and swing­ International Airport and landed at the Naha Air­ ing northward to Shimane Prefecture; traversing port in Okinawa at noon the same day. Thousands the northern parts of Tottori, Hyogo and Kyoto

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 250 251

Prefectures; on to the Fukui, Ishikawa and Toyama the patrol ship “Matsuura” of the Maritime Safety October. by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government in the Prefectures northward along the Japan Sea coast Agency. The Torch then was relayed southward From the third starting point at the Chitose Imperial Palace Plaza. The scheduled unifying line; and passing through Nagano, Yamanashi and to Kochi Prefecture, and next around to Toku­ Airport (Hokkaido), the Torch was relayed to the ceremony took place on the Fve of the opening Kanagawa Prefectures, this Olympic Torch arrived shima Prefecture. From Kagawa, the remaining Chitose City Hall, where it was left for the night. ceremony of the Olympic Games. The flame was at the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building prefecture in Shikoku, the Torch was relayed again Starting from Chitose on the 10th, it reached kept burning throughout the night, and with this on 9th October. across the straights to Okayama Prefecture. Hakodate via Sapporo. From the port of Hako­ ceremony the custodianship of the Torch passed After entering Hyogo Prefecture, the Torch had date, it was relayed on the 17th, to Aomori Pre­ from the hands of the Olympic Torch Committee fecture on the newly constructed Hakodate-Aomori to those directly resjronsible for the actual Tokyo wW"-t‘} y ■ (Course No. 2) The Torch Relay on this route to be carried from Kobe to Osaka by automobile M started from the Miyazaki Airport on 9th Septem­ due to the typhoon weather. After the typhoon Ferry Ship “Tsugaru Maru”. The runners of both Games. The citizens of Tokyo iir festive mood, ÛiM ber. After a fitting traditional ritual at the Miya­ had subsided on the 26th, it was relayed through Hokkaido and Aomori Prefecture had their relay held an “Olympic Fve” on the 9th, before the zaki Shrine, the Olympic Flame was left overnight Wakayama, Nara, Kyoto, Shiga, Mie and Gifu ceremony on board the ship, midway across the Opening Day, at the Korakuen Baseball Stadium at the prefectural office. Leaving Miyazaki on Prefectures. Swinging northward along the To- Tsugaru Straits. to herald the long awaited opening of the Games the 10th for Oita Prefecture along the shores of kaido through Aichi, Shizuoka and Kanagawa Pre­ After arriving at the port of Aomori, the flame of the XVIIl Olympiad Tokyo 1964. the Pacific, it was carried from Beppu across the fectures, this section of the Flame reached the was relayed to the Aomori Prefectural Office. At 2.35 p.m., on 10th October, the final section sea to tlie port of Takahama, Ehime Prefecture, on Tokyo Metropolitan Government Office on 8th Passing two nights there, the flame again started of the Olympic Torch Relay between the Imperial in the direction of Tokyo on the 19th, after being Palace Plaza and the National Stadium (the chief again divided for two separate routes. The Torch venue of the Games) was started. The Torch lîoiile <)f I'orcli Belay for I'okvo O lym ple (lames I •)(> I for the Third Course along the Japan Sea headed passed through the hands of five male runners and WAKKANAI for Hirosaki, while that for the Fourth Course on two female runners before it was handed to the final the Pacific Ocean side started for the town of runner Yoshinori Sakai. A roar of excitement 1st Course : Okinawa, Kagoshima, Kumamoto, Nagasaki, Saga, Fukuoka, Yamaguchi, Hiroshima, Shimane, Noheji. greeted this youthful runner as he entered the Tottori, Hyogo, Kyoto, Fukui, Ishikawa, Toyama, OTAKU y ABASHIRI (Course No. 3) From Aomori Prefecture, the main stadium, and with the white flame of the Niigata, Nagano, Yamanashi, Tokyo ASAHIKAWA course followed southward through Akita, Yama­ torch burning brightly as he held it high, he ran 2nd Course : Okinawa, Kagoshima, M iyazaki, Oita, Ehime, NEMURO gata and Niigata Prefectures along the Japan Sea. one round of the stadium and mounted the steps Kochi, Tokushima, Kagawa, Okayama, Hyogo, O B IH I R O Osaka, W akayama, Nara, Kyoto, Shiga, Mie, Swinging inland through Gumma and Saitama in the central stand and precisely three seconds SAPPORO CHITOSE Gifu, Aichi, Shizuoka, Kanagawa, Tokyo Prefectures, the Torch was deposited at the Tokyo past three in the afternoon the flame in the dias 3rd Course : Hokkaido, Aomori, Akita, Yamagata, Niigata, Metropolitan Government Office on 7th October. of the Sacred Flame Stand was ignited. Gunma, Saitama, Tokyo HAKODATE (Course No. 4) Parting from the Third Course 4th Course : Hokkaido', Aomori, Iwate, Miyagi, Fukushima, Tochigi, Ibaragi, Chiba, Tokyo at Aomori and turning leftward to the Pacific Auxiliary sacred flame cauldrons: Inasmuch as coast line, the route traversed southward through during the Tokyo Games, some of the venues for AOMORI Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima Prefectures. After the events were at a distance from the main being relayed further from Tochigi to Chiba Pre­ stadium, the sacred flame was used to ignite five fectures, the Torch arrived safely at the Tokyo auxiliary cauldrons at these outlying venues viz;- -

AKITA IWATE Metropolitan Government Office on 7th October. Komazawa Sport Park The Olympic Torch Relay thus covered the Fnoshima Yacht Harbour Toda Rowing Course YAMAGATA entire local administrative districts in Japan from

MIYAGI Okinawa to Metropolitan Tokyo. The extent of Kemigawa Playing Grounds this relay can be seen from the following statistics K aruizaw a for the Japanese relay. The fuel used to keep the sacred flame burning

NIIGATA Total distance relayed by plane throughout the Games was in each case Projrane gas FUKUSHIMA ( Okinawa—Kagoshima— and the daily consummatioir was 4,000 kilograms. ISHIKAWA Miyazaki—Chitose) 2,692 km. The flame was guarded and tended 24 hours a day . TOCHIGI"' TOYAM • • G U N M A * Total distance relayed overland 6,755 km. by teams of young men working in shifts of eight

FUKUI - ; Total number of overland relay hours. N A G A N O -^JC^Poiympic Main Stadium TOTTORI YAMANASHI','3 sections 4,374 MdlGA GIFU I ^ Total distance of maritime relay KYOfb/} LA""'-'-. \ CHIBA o k a y a m a S E ^ î-v ■;■■■ . e T ; !/-?a i c h i '.>' (5 places) 378 km. _^&'HYOGo f . y Total relay runners 100,603 YAMAGUCHI t--' W. kagam ^a \ 2 "■ i l m Y V ...... ' '* - 1 .N A R A ' FUKUOKA ^ 'i"P7MiE From the Imperial Palace Plaza to the Olympic '^iîX sAGA j ^ ,L»'^EHIME -'' Torch Cauldron at the National Stadium:

WAKAYAMA Fnagasaki?»^)'!/ The method of re-fusing the flames of the four KUMAMOTO Torches that reached their common destination in Tokyo via the four courses, had been the subject MIYAZAKI of careful study. The conclusion reached w'as to KAGOSHIMA bring the four Torches together in a unifying cere­ Ëi O K N A W mony at the Olympic Torch Cauldron to be erected

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The Cauldron with the Sacred Flame which burned throughout the period of the Games. Here is a night

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At the Temple in Olympia, Greece the Sacred Olympic Flame is ignited from the rays of the sun

The Sacred Fire burns at the Komazawa Olympic Park OLYMPIC FLAME SPECIAL The Olympic Flame is ignited at Fake Sagami, site of the Canoeing events

The Olympic Torch Relay Team takes its leave at Tokyo International Airport

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l'he priestess Mrs. Aleka Katseli holds high the lighted torch to the heavens

H. M. King Constantin of Greece at the ceremony as the Sacred Flame departs

Daigoro Yasukawa, president I’he first runner in the long torch relay, J. Marsellos of the Organizing Committee The Sacred Flame awaiting transportation is guarded m the receives the Sacred Flame special waiting room of the Athens airport

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A ceremony is held for the Olympic Torch in front of the City Hall in Beirut, Lebanon In Teheran, Iran, the Torch Relay is accompanied by members of the Iran Polo Team on horseback

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The relay proceeds along the public streets of Beirut in the soft light of Lebanon dusk A colourful welcome greeted the arrival of the Olympic Torch at Lahore, Pakistan

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The Olympic Torch makes a dramatic contrast to the dusk in New Delhi

The Torch Relay passes through the streets of New Delhi in India

In Burma, the Torch Relay is carried through the airport at Rangoon !-

—and through the streets of Rangoon

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Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library (upper) The Relay passes through the city highway in Bangkok, Thailand (centre) The illuminated welcome sign at the airport WELCOME (lower) The Torch Relay course passes the WarMemorial in Bangkok THE The ceremony at the Kuala Lumpur airport in Malaysia

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In the streets of Kuala Lumpur

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In Manila (Philippines), the torch is relayed on one of the main thoroughfares of the city

On its Hong Kong stop, the torch relay is escorted from the airport facilities

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The torch is taken from Kowloon to Hong Kong by boat At Taiwan airport, the torch is met by a sturdy team of relay runners

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library The torches: from the tour torches come together at' the Tokyo Metro­ politan Government Building ART EXHIBITIONS

Art Exhibitions on a New Plan At its first meeting, the Committee decided as a From its inception, the Olympic Organizing Com­ basic principle that traditional Japanese art works mittee considered a number of plans for the Art only would be included, and that this art need not Exhibition to be held in conjunction with the Tokyo be confined entirely to the theme of sports art, and Games. D etailed suggestions w ere first explained in that no overseas participation would be requested. a letter addressed to President Brundage at the 58th The Special Committee later established two sub­ General Session held at Athens in June 1961. committees, the one for the Fine Art exhibition and It was suggested that the Art Exhibition in Tokyo the other for Performances, and at its 6th special would include works of a rt on a w ider field, not meeting held on 9th September 1963 a Report on necessarily limiting them to the area of sports, but Art Exhibitions was prepared for the Organizing embracing the highest level of Japanese Art. An Committee. The recommendations contained in the It is carried along the route to the Art Exhibition Committee was organized and its report were officially approved at the 47th meeting Imperial Plaza first meeting was held on 15th July 1961. Some of the Organizing Committee on 2nd October 1963. twenty six members were appointed to that Com­ Based on the recommendations in this report, the mittee headed by chairman Goryu Hosokawa. Organizing Committee formulated a plan to hold

Bugaku (court dance and music) show, one of the Japanese classic court music

At the ceremony in front of the his­ toric gate to the Imperial Palace, the torch relay is ready for its final run

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Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library 271

built at the entrance of Ueno Park, the centre of ing to the Art Exhibitions were distributed among those Art Exhibitions. The unique design of the major cities at home and abroad. A Japanese paper work helped create an Olympic mood around the fan made up the theme of this poster designed by Park for three months from September to Novem­ Mr. Ryuichi Yamashiro. ber. F or publicity purpose 5,000 posters p erta in ­

“Yuki”, one of the Japanese classic traditional dances

BlINRAKU Puppet show, one of the oldest and most traditional-bound arts remaining in Japan today

the art dis])lays in ten groups—four in Fine Art but this project did not materialize for lack of and six in Peri'orinances eacli under the care of a cooperation from various organizations. Instead, sub-coniinittee to woik out and imjrienient these annual exhibitions held in autumn by ten art or­ ])rojects. ganizations were adapted for the occasion of the Tokyo Olympic Games. Another project was the “Monument of Art Exhibition”, 13 metres high Old Art Treasures The exhibition of ancient art treasures lield in the Tokyo National Museum was excellently prejrared and most successful in its reception, d’his exhibition Bugaku (court dance and music) mask “Ryo-O” was received enthusiastically by over 400,000 visi­ tors during the forty-one day jreriod it was open to the public. Modern fine art works of Jajjan, mainly those of the National Museum of Modern Art, were dis­ played at that museum, Kyobashi in Tokyo. Some 150 large ]jrints in colour, taken by well known photogra])hcrs of the Jajtan Photograjthers Associa­ tion formed a further clisjrlay at the Matsuya De­ partment Store in Tokyo, and an exhibition of Sports Philately was held in the new building of the Clominunications Museum, where a collection of Jajtanese ]jostage stamps including sports stamps issued from the early jteriod to the present day in Ja])an were dis]rlayed. For the Performances, coordination was obtained with a number of coo]rerating agencies, the Art Festivals with the Education Ministry and Tokyo Metrojjolitan Government; Kabuki drama with Shochiku Co., Ltd.; Court Music of the Imperial Household Agency; Noh Drama with Noh Associa­ tion; Bunraku Pujrjtet Show of the Bunraku Society; fa]tanese Traditional dances and Jajjanese music w ith the Japan Classical Dance and Japanese Music Associations; and Folk-lore entertainment with Japan Broadcasting Corjjoration respectively. 'I’he Modern Art Exhibition was initially planned to he held at the Tokyo Art Gallery in Ueno Park,

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Art Exhibitions during the Olympic Games 272

A Variety of Programmes I ’he Art Exhibition were declared opened in an DATE: Oct. 3—12 Part 1 12.00 A.P.—3.30 P.M. oirening ceremony at the Seiyoken Restaurant, Part 2 4.00 P.M.—7.30 P.M. Part 3 8.00 P.M.—10.30 P.M. Ueno, on 29th September, and the exhibition fol­ ADMISSION: ¥800, ¥600 PROGRAM: Parti “Manzai” , “Ama”, ‘'Kuraagai-jinya” and lowed as programmed, d'he detailed exhibitions are “Nozakimura” P a rt 2 “Amagasaki” , “Sho-utsushi Asagao Bana- listed below under their resjtective headings. shi” and “Michiyuki Koino Odamaki” P art "Kumagai-jinya” and 3 other Bunraku masterpieces Court Music ART EXHIBITIONS DURING TOKYO OLYMPICS PLACE: Toranomon Hall EXHIlilTION.S (Imperial Household Agency) DATE: O ct. 21—23 (M atinee: 2.0Ô P .M . Evening: 6.30 Old Art Treasures (painling, sculpture, art craft, architecture, cal- P.M .-8.00 P.M.) ligraphyj PROGRAM: 1 Kangen (Music); three pieces PLACEE: I'okyo N ational M useum , U eno Park 2 Ninjomai ‘'Sonokoma” DA'I’E: Oct. [--Nov. 10 (9.(M) A.M.'^4.30 P.M. ) 3 Bugaku (court dance and music), “Genjou- A D M IS SIO N : Y2()()._ YI50, YlOO raku” , “Kitoku” and “Taiheiraku” Admission free for the bearers of I.D. Cards N oh 870 exhibits of painting, sculpture, art craft, arcliitecture and PLA C E: Suidobashi Nohgakudo calligra|)hy. D A T E : O ct. 5—9 (6.30 P .M .—9.00 P .M .) Modern Art (iiainting, sculpture, art craft) PLA C E: Kanze Kaikan, Omagari PLACE:...... Natio nal ’ Museum• ' of ' ' Modern' • Art, Kyobashi D A T E : O ct. 12—16 (6.30 P .M .—9.00 P .M .) DATE: Oct. 1—Nov. 8 (10.00 A.M.—5.00 P.M.) ADMISSION: ¥2,000, ¥1,000, ¥500, ¥400 ADMISSION: YlOO, ¥60, ¥40 PROGRAM: (new program daily) Admission free for the I>earers of I.D. Cards One “Kyo^en” (drama) accompanied by one of 2(M) exhibits of painting, .sculpture and art craft. the following Noh plays: “Okina”, ‘'Kantan” Photography (over 150 coloured works, taken by 56 well-known . . “ A oinoue” , ‘‘M atsukaze” “Dojoji” and others Japanese photographers) Traditional Dance and Japanese Music PLACE: Matsuya Dept. Store, Gin/a PLACE: Shimbashi Embujo DATE: Oct. 9—21 ( 10.00 A.M.—6.00 P.M.) D A T E : O ct. 16—20 (M atinee; 1.00 P.M.—, Evening: ADMISSION: Free 6.00 P .M .) 165 enlarged prints in color taken by 56 prominent Japanese A D M IS SIO N : ¥1,000, ¥.500, ¥300 idiotographers. PROGRAM (new program daily): Sport Philately (sport stamps of Japan) Traditional dance: 52 programs including “Fuji- g 0 iim J’LACE: Communications Museum, Otemachi musume” , “Yuki” , ‘‘Kanda Matsuri”, ‘‘Yoshino- D A T E: O ct. 1 -2 1 (9.(H) A .M .- 4 .0 0 P .M . ) yama”, and others. ADMISSION: Free Nagauta (long epic songs) : 6 programs including An exhibition of Old Art Treasures was held at this Tokyo National Museum in Ueno Park 79 sheets of Jai)aiiese postal stamps concerning sports, 1,000 Okina Chitose Sanbaso” and others. otlier major Japanese stamps together with some of the original Riypinoto (ballad dramas) : 2 programs including designs. ‘Michitose” and one other. PERFORMANCES Tokiwazu (traditional ballad): Kotobuki-shiki Sanbaso” Kafiiiki Kokyoku (ancient music): 6 programs daily in­ PLACE Kaiiukiza I'iieatre DA'IE: cluding “Miyazono-bushi” and “Kato-bushi” Oct. 2—27 (Matinee; 11.30 A.M.—3,20 P.M. Even­ Sankyoku (a trio of traditional Japanese musical ing 4.30—8.00) „ „ , instruments): 7 programs including “Rokudan” A D M ISSIO N : Y2,()00. Yl.OOO. ¥400. ¥300 Folk-lore Entertainment PROCJRAM: Matinee: ‘’'Ferakoya”, ‘‘Dojoji” and “Nozaki- PLACE: Tokyo Bunka Kaikan, Ueno Park m u ra” D A T E : O ct. 17—18 (6.30 P .M .—9.00 P .M .) Evening: “Narukarni”, ‘‘Kagamijishi” and ‘‘Su- keroku” PROGRAM: 20 programs including “Shiranuka-no-Komaodori”, Hunraku Puppet Show “Shikaodori” , “Mugiya-bushi” , “Ise Daikagura”, “To.sa no Tachiodori” “Usu Daiko” , “Okinawan PLACE: Geijutsuza Tlieatre, Yuraku-cho folk Songs, etc.

“Tosa-no-Tachiodor typical Japanese folklore dance

e > Sport Philately exhibits were displayed The entrance to the Ueno Park area where at the Communications Museum certain of the art exhibitions were housed

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There Ancien! Japanese Painted Screens were among the display of Old Art Treasures

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Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library Bosatsu on clouds ( 1 )

Bosatsu on clouds (2) Ju-ichimen Kannon Bosatsu

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Nabcshiiiia lars^c dish wilh design of hibiscus and chrysanthemum sprays

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Kutani Octagonal large dish with peony design Jar with design of Mt. Yoshino, 1 Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library OLYMPIC VILLAGE

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Olympic Village Preparations Games had been steadily increasing. Adecjuate The purpose of the Olympic Villages Olympic facilities therefore, including living quarters and Villages provide athletes and ofScials participating dining halls, and an ample area of laird on which in the Olympic Games with facilities and services to construct these facilities had to be found. to enable them to lead an international and collec­ (2) Actual venues of the games and training tive life before, during and after the Games. Article facilities are of necessity scattered over a consider­ 46 of the Olympic Charter refers to this as follows; able area. The Main Olympic Village therefore, must be so placed that it is both close to these “The Organizing Committee shall provide an facilities and at the same time conveniently accessi­ Olympic Village for men and one for women so that ble by normal means of transportation. competitors and team officials can be housed (3) It must also be near the Tokyo International together and fed at a reasonable price”. Airport, the arrival point of most Olympic teams. In accordance with this provision, the operation (4) Environment at the site must be comfortable of the Olympic Villages at the time of the Tokyo and sanitary so that athletes can relax from the Games was aimed at providing as comfortable a stress and strain of their games, while keeping them­ living environm ent as possible, allow ing both a th ­ selves physically fit in a refreshing atmosphere. letes and officials the opportunity for ample rest, In previous Olympic Games, billets for military physically and spiritually, to enable their participa­ personnel, or schools have sometimes been used to tion in the Games under optimum conditions. accommodate Olympic athletes. In other cases, ‘OKINA’, one of the Noh plays presented housing estates have been constructed in a manner The Main Olympic Village at Yoyogi and the four to allow their later adaption for public use. Detached Olympic Villages Four Detached With the decision that the Games of the 18th Olympic Villages were established in addition to the Olympiad would be held in Tokyo, the area known Main Olympic Village at Yoyogi. Viz.: the Hachioji as Washington Heights in Yoyogi, Shibuya Ward, Detached Village for cyclists; the Lake Sagami Tokyo was considered as the most likely site for the Detached Village for canoeing; the Oiso Detached Olympic Village. Until the end of World War II / ! Village for yachting participants; and the Karui- this area had been a drilling ground for the now zawa Detached Village for the three-day equestrian disbanded Japanese Imperial Army. This area was events. Article 46 of the Olympic Rules provides later converted to a dependent housing area for that: “The Villages shall be located as close as personnel of the US Army stationed in the Tokyo possible to the main facilities, practice fields and area. Washington Heights, unique in the centre other facilities”. Each of these Detached Villages of the capital, is surrounded by greenery and covers was located as close as practicable not only to the a wide expanse of land. It was thought that the site for the particular games for that Village but large number of modern houses already built there also to the training facilities. In addition, an eques­ would provide most suitable living accommodations trian park and billets were provided for grooms in for Olympic teams. This site was as well, within charge of the horses which took part in the grand easy reach of most of the stadiums and sites of prix dressage and jumping events. These facilities games, training fields and other facilities. were annexed to the Main Olympic Village at There seemed, however, to be but little prospect Yoyogi. that Washington Heights would be released to the The sites of the Main and Detached Villages Japanese, and it was thought essential to acquire were selected with particular regard to their quiet some other suitable site. The one chosen was the natural environments, and this contributed materi­ south zone of Camp Drake, a housing area of the ally to the physical and spiritual well-being of all US Army in Asaka, Saitama Prefecture, and it was athletes and officials. suggested that the Japanese Government would negotiate with the US Army for its release so that Selection of the Main Olympic Village In the the Olympic Organizing Committee could lease it selection of the site for the Main Olympic Village from the Japanese Government to construct an for the Games of the 18th Olympiad in Tokyo, par­ Olympic Village. There was ample space at Camp The Kabuki drama ‘MUSUME DOJOJI’ ticular consideration was given to the following:— Drake to build an Olympic Village, and the general ( 1 ) The number of participants in Olympic environment was acceptable, though it was a dis-

Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library